SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT POPOV, B.N. - POPOV, D.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001342310007-0
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: January 3, 2017
• Document Release Date: August 1, 2000
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

High-vacuum, Emission Electron 101icroscope Sov/109-3-8-16/18
investigated cathode; b) an imiLersion lensi c) pxo-
jection lens; d) a hiLh-voltage lead; 6) the photo-
camera window; f) a screen; g) a protective cylinder;
h) a collector; i) a mirror; j) an evacuatinE; tube;
Q a movable anode; 1) a glass insulator; m) a
bellows-type joint; n) a Kovar tube; o) a flanCe for
the cathode and p) a flanEe for the cathode-shifting
mechanism. The microscope was made vacuum-tiEht by
employing copper gaskets instead of the usual rubber
rings. - .It vras possible to obtain a v,-,cuum of
2 x 10-7, '-he normal evacuation time being 12-18 hours
The electron-optuical system of the microscope consists
of an JMLers-ion lens and a projection lens. The _J=nersion
lens consists of the investigated cathode (FiEure 3), a
focusing electrode and the anode diaphragm. T1_e nrojection
lens consists of two electrical lenses and it was
specially designed by D.V. Fetisov. If the microsco-.)e
were to be employed in the investigation of L-cathodes
and pressed cathodes, it should have, A resolution of the
order of 0.1 )i. In the microscope concerned, the
Card2/4 resolving power is primarily dependent on the chromatic

High-vacuum, Emission Electron Microscope SOV/109-3-8-16/18
aberration of the immersion lens. From the calculations
it follows that this aberration is of the order of 0.03
The spherical aberration of the immersion lens is of the
order of 0.01 11 and it is possible to neglect the other
types of aberration. However, in the investigation of the
actual cathodes, the resolution of the microscope is
also dependent on the condition of the investigated
surface; a rough cathode surface or the contact fields
of the cathode spots can result in a significant deterior-
ation of the resolving power of the microscope. The
microscope is beinL: used to investigate the structure of
L-cathodes; a photograph of such a cathode is shown in
Figure 4. The alithors express their gratitude to
D.V. Ifetisov for constructing the electrostatic lenses
and to ILY. Fedorov for his interest in this work.
uard 3/4

High-vacuum, Emission Electron Microscope sov/10QI-3-8-16/18
There are 4 figorns and 15 references, 9 of which are
60viet; 3 EnClish, 2 Fr-~-nch and 1 uermari.
SUBMITTED: January 29, 1958
1. Electron microscopes--qesign 2. Electron microscopes--Operation
3, Electron microscopes--Performance 4. Cathodes (Electron tuber
I
--Analysis 5. Tbermionic emission--Analysis
Card 4/4

AUTHORS: Popov, B. 11., Koliverdov, V. F. 40-22-7,-1 22
TITLE: The Secondary Emission of Thorium Oxide, ActiVLt(;," 'Xil!M
(Vtorichnaya emissiya okisi toriya, aktivirovarno:~
Data From the VIIIth All-Union Conference on CL~t,-de Elcc'%,r,)-
nics, Leningrad, October 17-24, 1957 (Materialy vili vsesoyuz-
nogo soveshchaniya po katodnoy elektronike,LeninCra-', 17-2Ar
oktyabrya, 1957 9.)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR Seriya Fizicheskaya, 1)~~,
Vol. 22, Nr 5, PP- 496 - 504 USSR)
ABSTRACT: In most recent time secondary emitters have found
use in various types of electron devices. The main rcq,,:ii.-e-
ments applied to emitters which are used in naenetron3 %~.-
Civen. The emitters used at present do not perfectly '-~~Se
demands. The most direct way for the creation of hi~:hly c- ---,cti-
ve and stable emitters is the iindling out of compol.-rdis,
1y of oxides, which '.,.avo the necessary properties. A sez,,-_
way is the variation of t*,-Ie prop.-rties of substances b-,
of corresponding treatment. For a 'Jetter un,'ersta)ldi of c
Card 1/3 methods of the property improvement of Substances for t'_-;_C

The Secondary &ii3sion of Thor-'= Cxide, Activated 48-22-~-~',/22
by Barium
purpose the -eneral properties of the eneri-etic str-,~cLiirc' of
t'-e secondary emitters are discussed. A survey of publicatio- '.3
is j3iven (References 2-7). By the demor-Ar.:Aed f-=ts tho
are induced to meet the claims with distrust, concernixi,~ tau
presence of free atoms of al!caline -met,als- and-earVis on t-Ic
surface of heated nonmetallic tardets. The ass=,,jt ion, ut-,. er;:~d
before, on the oxidation of the metallic barium by the
oxy-en seems to the authors to correc-pond best with
fore the increase of a takes place. From, the perfor--.-,a~d
ments unfortunately the unpleasant conclusion must be deduc,--,d
that the emitter described here cannot find practical
because it operates with the residual gases and has a hi.1-her
consumption of barium than in t.,,.e metallic-porous cathodes. In
specific single cases, however, its application will be possible.
For the final solution of this qi~----stion expcri-,,~,nts in su er-
P
,~as of known co,~,r;osition mn,--t- be performed.
hi,Sh vacuum and in a
They are in pro,3ress. A. R. S~lul',~.ian always -.1howed much inte--rczt
Card 2/3 in this work and took jart in t'-Ic -Iisc,,'Ission on it. Finally

The Sbcondary Emission of Thorium Oxide, Act-iyated 48-22-5-3/22
by Barium
the discussion on the abstract by the authora is summarized,
in which took part L. 1". Yasnopollskiy, A. V. Morozov,
V. N. Lepeshinskaya-, 1. 11. Bronshteyn, 0. G. Sarbey and the
first author. There are 4 figures, 1 table and 27 references,
17 of which are Soviet.
1. Secondary emitters--Applications 2. Secondary emit-Lers--Pro-
perties 3. Secondary emitters--Sources 4. Thorium oxices--Effective-
ness 5. Barium-Applications
Card 3/3

lu'.1,11ORS Mel Inikov, A. I, , 411oro-rov, A~ V, 4P,-22-5-18/22
Popov, B. 11, , Uaklakov, A_ A,
TITLE: Pre!lqed Cathodes of Aluminates and TungstLtes of Barium
a.-Lid Calcium (PressoyLnnyye katody na oonove alyuminatov i
vol Vrsma.~~';xr bariya-kalltsiya)(Data From VIII. All Union
Conference on Cat'ahode Electronics, Leningrad, October 17-24,
1957)(Materialy VIII Voesoyuzziogo ooveshchandya po katodnoy
elektronike, Leningrad, 17-24 oktyabrya 1957 g.)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akadenii Nauk SSSR,Seriya Fizicheskaya, 1958
Vol. 22, Ur 5, pp, 613-621 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Recently -*:? demand for new t,,~pes of catholes has risen, as the
oxide cathodes fail in the acception of ez:.ission currents of
hiGh density (mostly in high-frequency ap:)aratuses). Therefore
the idea of uniting the cathode space, w here the active sub-
otLnce is formed, witli the .9ponGe by means of a direct intro-
ductio.,i of barium combinations into the pores of the latter,
been put forwards There are a) impre,-,nated (Ref 1) and
b) pressed catho~Jas (Ref 2). Fi-ure 1 domonstrates the con-
structlion of 1preszed cathode, It i3 a molybdenum. cylinder, in-
to which a mixture of the active substance, tungcten powder and
Card 1/3 the reducing substances has been pressed. At the working

.Prnssed Cathodc a of Al-aminates and T`u~iwstntes of Bariux '18-22-5-18/22
and Calcium
temDerature of "he cathode, the interaction of the com-
ponents of this mixture leads to the formation of
free barium and to the activation of the cathode. As the
barium compounds tested so far had proved unsatisfactory
(reference 3,4), the authors set themselves the task of test-
ing the compounds resulting from the interaction of alka-
line earth metal oxides of barium and calcium with acidity-
-and amphoteric oxides., The investigations yielded the
following conclusions: 1, The pressed cathodes mentioned
in the title permit an unirterrupted emission up to a
current density of 8 A cm'"2 if the time of operation
exceeds looo hours. 2- The mechanical and electrical
stability of the cathodes is satisfactory, they are
easily enough reactivated after the poisoning. 3. Their
production is simpler than that of the L.-cathodes.
4. The emiosion properties and the life of the cathodes
depends on the properties of the active substance. Here
Card 2/3 Barium-calcium tungstate is superior to aluminates because

Pressed Cathode,,7 of Aluminates and Tungstates of 48-22-5-18/22
Barium and Calcium
of Its stability in air. 5. The tungstate mentioned last
makes possible a longer time of operation than the barium
tungstats. 6. P-feliminary tests have shown that the
influenoe of considerable changes in the concentration
of tungstate in the emitter on the emission currents of
the cathodes is insignificant. A final interpretation
of this phenanenonhas not been given yet. S. D. Uman,
Z. V. Kukushkina, L. G. Sherstnev, Ye. P. Ostapchenko,
A. A. Gugnin, A. I. Figner and the first two authors
Joined in the discussion. There are 9 figures and 9
references., 2 of which are Soviet.
1. Cathodes (Electron tube)--Design 2. Cathodes (Electron tube)
--Materials 3. Cathodes (Electron tube)--Effectiveness 4. Barium
alumi-riates--Applications 5. Calcium aluminates--Applications
6. Barium tungstates--Appl.ications 7. Calcium tangstates--A.Dpli-
cations
Card 3/3

~YTHOEM: Druzhinin, A. V., Popov, B. ff.
TITLE: A High Vacutun Electron Microscope for the Investigation of Cathodes
(Vysokovakuiznnyy elektronrqy mikroskop dlya is,,vledowiiya katodrov)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii nauk, SSSR. Seriya f izioheskaya, 1959 9
Vol 23, Nr 4, pp 522 - 526 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: For the investigation of the hot cathodes art electron irdcroscove
with a gas pressure of only 2-5-10-7-4Ww,;.W developed. This
entailed the necessity of devising new seals. Special mention is
made of the internal image screen, which can be observed and
photographed by means of a tairror. The instrument features a
special appliance by which the electron current may be measured.
Next, the constructimis described and it is shown that in the
design special importance had been attached to a qui&k. olmnge of
the cathode, high efficiency of the vacuum pumps, and the
possibility of observing poisonouz chemical proce,3se,,3. The electron
optical system is then described. It features an ijmneriion object
lens and thp. projecting lens consists of two uni-poter-tial lew, es.
A figure shoym the whole experimental arrangement. Investigations
carried out with this ne-ff instrLunent had the purpoue of clar.-i-fying
Card 1/2 to Mhat extent the unevennez3 of the cathode -jurfftce exertzs an

A-High Vacuum Electron Microscope for the Investigation SOV/48-2~-4-19/21,
of Cathodes.
influence upon the dissolving power of a mioro3cope. Likewise,
the dissolving power is influenced by the emitting cathode zone
and the chromatic abernttion of the inu-,:.-rsion lenui. TKe
determination of the heterogeneity of the cathode Pm-;AAon by
measuring the electron beam surpaiises all other methoda hitherto
applied. Figure 3 shows the disti-ibution of the currc:nt upon 'he
emitting surface of a presn,~-A cathode, taken by thi.3 method.
There are 3 figures and 5 Soviet references.
Card 2,/2

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