SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT OYKS, G. N. - OYKS, G. N.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
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• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
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• Document Creation Date: January 3, 2017
• Document Release Date: June 21, 2000
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

Dee-alfurization Df Caet l.-c-i ty Uea.--c, --f L-'ze,
Sov"I", 19 , -~ 't
aulfu:-.' zts '. i - -. pc -,eaa. Thl -,% way a 9 ~ ! r C,!-. v - - - r, - - f - -
cf 0,02--0,22% was obta' noi. T?-,Pr-, GLY-0 "I ;, , ' 'a' - - , -a
5 references, 2 cf Wllich Eire S-vl,!t.
ASSOCIATION: Moskov5kly a-.a'-i ste~,~! ;-.-
SUBMITTED: N(-.;Rmf 1-, 20, -191-11
Card 2/2

116~01N-olovl A.) ,n,,jnQer tind Oyks? 71. P,, f r D,) r
0 f. ilec~inical .;ciences.
TITIL-: 1;--,v i"LA' lIP-tic)'. for ',vie vacilum trerit:.I-nt of I
P-RICDIC;,L: Met a I I ur, lq5~~ 9 NO . I ~, -21 (uBc,",
ALSi~ ar-i--Ic Li no,, vacuL"
o p c) f t,, e " Kr a F; n.,
S t,- 1 i r, 1-i-I i.,. describ,-,(~. The ;ae I
;,~ ,!~i cil, th:
T-
.,.cti,,ute ('.,os,:cvcki-. Iixtitut Stali). 'V.
V. S. Kir7Lij:lhin, :.l. V. Podslcrebo-~,,, I.
- - I : 4 r
v.-',.o ;~,arti(~i-rite(4
nF~` --ute-staf f "lie in~ t
foi- c
, -L- ~-teel ii. a 1~,Il,
T-luri,.- f-o:.. one la-Ile tQ: i'~ a 1 - 3 e r-~ ~-e
~.r, be ~oj- or "tott=-poured in neutril :-r c
nt ~,,Of-pl T:ae ei,,)-,t of ste !] t, :. t i i I
-!.a- ter fi. la ll~, de_,a-f (film . 1) c- f
c--li;-.~rinal (-~iri-eter 3300 .~.La tmd '.ei , ,,-,t LL)w .. ..... -
v-itl~ -- flat lid. The li~; ic prov de,-' witi ~i '~o
licic! ad itionsl i.--spectioll win6c)..", T.~i I. ': 3 t
stoul fro - another tee~--,i,
Card V3 t~.'-u

13,-) -
tre t :A o f I
n., v e c 1, e
into the ladle rt.-ndin., in tl.,2 cv.icaL!'e"
U
The lid-rai.,:,in_ iE7 q -iodif ir t i o f t i t
~eF4_:_ed by the "Dne-crospetsst,31'" 'Uoi 2lie
[-'ist- of
--,t ber for bctto.i, pourin c u r.
hi,hi .'0
cart 300 ai.,_~ ~ 100 re.,pectivel,
11-ick rubber rin, seal. The cha:.,ib,~:- 11. .0!. -il~ Ut
t~ uv i ~I el i',h tI.i-e,- b u n'.. C: 1
:~rriiri_e.:wrt ,., . t' er:!LC
..A:.-',ure, n1i i~..-pection --irldow ;1111 [A Oto-, "'~rc F ~1" I
1-Ach laver of aet: 1 is i~airft: i-e-'
f o r L 6 p pD uri i., i s t I i Li f arr; .:~ 1 t
'0 ho~' tOD? a 'Lunlrer beiri, provided for addi% c- ~r
i__tUre Je-orm for cvacu2.in, t e - _n
"Lllin_ device for L-I.c metal level. '1"11(2 C'21:t-, i1
4 e - u i p p ei t h t,%-,.- o PBJI, - t 0 pe ~: c
(Fi_? i
W% vncuu:m. The p_L:-.1
:L hour ~'t
series o;~ -ardllel -and 1-.2 article C 4 _.L~
~::.Trcvir.- on '-1.0 15-` 1' z -ea
n t e-.- Fo 4 -
-Lz_-zE: ejectors are provided und '~`a :1.~
c-aracteriE~tics -if
-cry
teat s-,ea-:. pres,-ures of 1
Car,j --cef of '_L Olillinal _JCSi'_ (F-*,.-71

lie-. in!-t llzitiun rur t! o w,cwxn tre,-tmei-t of 14- -i--4 e
ri.-_s ~.' ;7!,za-ite, thiz ' eir- s u, I z! 2 f e
unsuccessful attewpts to use other T-
;.~Lnuf')cLui-e of tl.e i~d-,,~, is --It.~sqrited'
cc-,' in.- surf ace cf :a-'. T~.e ---rticle I e
it-'~ aL ~%c 3f '-h-,~ :Li-.erti~il du.,-t-catc er f
-.01 (1 ,-re follo'..ed by !tn oil filt'-~r.
e 'rif- t,,-1 iii, ,;aid to have %.orke~l F~at isfl~ic 11,,
.c).L L
i icc i s., ic ri i n- in Nove be l'
,f 1,- - 14 LI., 11,, it:. P
in,,
~!~C-re are fi'-urf-'.'.- 1 tIA10.
ASSL)ClATIj..: 1.oi~cuw Steel
AVAMU-1-1: Library of --ongresc.
Car,] 311,

OIKS, G.N., doktor tekhn. nauk, prof.; ZHANI-TAO-VUI [Han-Tao-van), insh.
- ,
:w".
Desulfurizing liqmid iron in vacuum. Izv. vya. ucheb. zav.,- chern.
met. no.4:37-45 Ap 15B. (Nm iltO
1. Moskoveidy inatitut stall.
(Deculfuration) (Vacuum mtallurgy) (Iroib-Metal lxlrgy)

MWtYAIDDV, Ye.V., insh.; OTKS, G.N., prof., doktor tekhn.naa
Conditions for accelerating slag formation and dephoophorization.
Isv,vys.u.ch~b*z&v.; chernemete noo8:21-30 Ag '58.
(KIRA 11: U)
1. Koskovskly institut ptali.
(Smelting) (Memistry. Ketallurgic)

80/130-ob-lu-0/ id
AUTHORS: Sokolov, G.A., Oyks, u.N. d Anshelea, 1.1.
TITLE: Vacuum Treatment of Alloy Steel (Vakuumnaya obra0otxa
legirovannoy stall).
PhRIODICALs Metallurg, 1908, Nr.10, pp.10-14 (USShi
ABSTRACT: In November 1957 an Installation (described in "Metallurg",
1958, Nr.3) for the vacuum treatment of liquid steel was
commissioned at the "Krasnyy Oktyabr'" works. The authors
describe results obtained with vacuum treatment of type
,3OKhGSA steel in the ladle and also during pouring. Laaie
treatment of 12-ton heats was effected in 20-ton ladles to
allow for the "boiling" of the metal. Observations were
made continuously on the slag surface and t-he stopper.
Initially all heats behaved rather similarly, but later
some continued to boil violently while otners became quieter.
Because of possible damage to stopper-rod sleeves and
cooling of the metal the treatment was stopped b-7 minutes
after the attainment of a vacuum of lo-2U mm H8. Vacuum
fusion of samples showed that th% hydrogen ana nitrogen
Card 1/3 contents decrease by 0.3-2.0 cm /100 g and U.UUU7-U-UU3%

Vacuum Treatment of Alloy Steel.
50113U-0b-lu-01 lb
respectively, through vacuum treatment. The metal oxygen
decrease was Irregular, but analyses of' the gases evolved
during treatment (Table 1) showed that generally 12-67/0
CO and C02 were present; interpretation of results is
complicated by the presence of refractory-derived non-
metallic inclusions and the determination of non-metallic
Inclusions Is now being carried out in the finished steel.
Frequency curves were constructed (Fig.2) from tests on
the strength and plasticity characteristics of vacuum-treated
and ordinary steels; both were better In the treated metal;
the macrostructures were almost the same. In another raethod
of treatment the vacuum was treated directly in the in6ot
mould (4.1 tons) during its filling from a tundian. The
nozzle to the mould is initially closed with a thin steel
plate, which enables evacuation to a residual pressure of
10-12 mm to be effected. The plate melts wnen the metai
is poured on and the ingot mould is filled at a pressure
of about 5-7 mm Hg in 2.b-3.0 minutes. The metal jet
seks Aen to be Irregular and bubble-evolution was observea
Card 2/3 in the' metal filling the mould, especially at trio waiis.

Vacuum Treatment of' Alloy Steel.
SUV/l3U-Z>b-lU-0/ i6
The surface of' ingots top-poured In this way allfered .1ttle
from that of ordinary bottom-poured ones. The slight
blemishes on the edges of the vacuum poured In6ots dis-
appeared during heating in the soaking pits and tnere was
rather less segregation. Comparison of the mechanical
properties ofrolled vaouum-treated and ordinary steel
(Table 2) showed that the former was generally superior,
The author urges that further Improvements be made In the
vacuum pouring process. There are 3 figures and 2 tables
ASSOCIATION: Moskovakly Institut stali (Moscow Steel Institute)
Card 3/3

SOROLEV, S.K. , inzh. ; OUS, G. N. , prof., dnktor tokhn.naiik
Do4mulfimation of cast Iron in t1hp lalle by nnans of s, limR and
aluninum winpennion in pao. Izv.vys.uchob.,zFiv.; chArn.met. nn.11:1-9
11 '~R. (KIRA 12: 1 )
1. Mnsknvskiy institut stali.
(DeaulNration) (Cast Iron--Metallurgy)

0M.-G.N., doktor tekhn. neuk, prof.; USHAKOV. Te.N.. Insh.; KOZIDV.
T_.I.. inzh.
Using molten iron-calcium slag for converting high-phosphorous pig
iron. Izv. vys. ucheb. zav.; chern. met. no.12:3-8 D 158.
(KIRA 120)
I.Mookovskiy Institut stali.
(Slag)
(Cast Iron--M%taUurFj)

czc . - Z.
Translation from K
A LIT HO RS. T u r k e ba v w, Y AOvks, G
TITLE- Intensification of Dviarhuriiai)on, tht. me~,iv.L 1" 1)
Conversion of High-phosphorkis !~-ori ('ritvnsifiki15
vaniya \ period pri i)vrv6viv th~igun,,
yein fosfordi
PERIODICAL Sb Musk in-t stal- ~'M Vol it4
ABSTRACT 130 heats with riigh-phosphor,,s ircir, ,nd 1~ ,kivr- oi; o:,~
employing oxvgen blo,.% of ttic bait, ~Olilii during Ihc IncIt t.~:
(M) are invvstigated -'G0 heats vvith phobp),orus iiid - wi--sior. )i~z
iron without blow art, analyzed statisti( atIv ~f is o6sc r N ed t ~ic~t as tn,
amount of 02 int roduc ed In( rceses the M Time dim;fc i, (: C)X:(:& -
tion loss gro\A,,s In OBB heats there is vi!Iier for-iii.o1w, ,I
highe r I P_)0ci 4 1 han ir, I.eais \.k,t i~ow 0 , blow A , t;, i ai t,
amount of slag formed in M is provided U SS
C d I ( U I d I 10 11f( ')0
increase it) temperature dIw to direct oxidation of impiiriliv~. 6\ V'asv-
OUS 02 is !)erforMed Batl blov. vit), O~) mai~cs fo- a sigr,ik,a,~I o%t
Card heating of the Mc therrb\ afforcli!:L: i )o,~,!blv -edt., t:oii

Intensification of Deidi-burization in tic Melt ng Pe!-Tod Dur.r.L:'
period of the heat viz , finishing In OBB beats of -immed siev 'St
(Me) temperature is some~Ahat lo%ver than in beats without OBB
picture holds in melts of ra,l ST T?-is is ex flAine,i .)~ the clld()t~"- tit-,
the reaction between ~ C, and t lie o, v k), , t) t Y i rig , it a it ca -L.M l:
differences in the quantities of ore mT,odtj(vd fo- Ificse i(;,
of 02 blow of the bath rnakv% for i vd,,t i,oi~ i. M to, ni~i ioi~ ot
I P2051 , longer Fe- ]art( e lift-, dTid redu( ed ( d ~ r %- off of f! ue clust i
begun later The rate of C and P oxidation r,sv~ int -ea_4V IT!
Increase in OBB intensitN, does riot intcrfete *,k.?~. aTt-i-nment of fl,v dcsl
the close of M since it accelerates slag formation nd the bos-t 1" of 11 t ''s k.
To verify the influence of initial :C' arid P upon M duration _' w"I, r,,w
pig-iron and 7 85% molten- pig i -on iIcarit s \xc! c ! wi 1, Is found 1~,A? tz. I, , -, It,-
initial j C I arid 'Pj in the (harge upon OBB heat-s %%itt, torresponciiiL:
ore and limestone consumption does not itiL reast, the durAtion of t r cat
Card 212

PBROV, A.?. Ltranalatorj; OTXS. G.N.. doktor takhn.nouk, red.;
FXWSHA, L.Y., red.izd-va; KIXHATLOTA, T.T., tekhn.red.
[Efficiency of various methods of riser hand hooting] IffelaiTnost'
razlichnykh matodov uteplonlis pribyli. Roakva, Gos.nnuchno-taklin.
izd-vo lit-ry po chernoi I tavetnoi metallurgil. 1959. 56 p.
Translated from the English. (MIRA 14:1)
(Steel ingots)

18(3)
AUTHORSt Sokolov, G.A., Engineer and Oyks, G.N. , Prof ee~,or, t- r f
.echnicdl Sciences
TITLEi Kinetics of Vacuum-Flow Steel Degassing in a Lac-e i_inetika
protsessa legazatsii pri vakuumirovanii zhidkoy stali v Kcvshe~
PFEM"ICALs I zvestiya vysshiKh uc he bnykh zave den iy - C~i _,rnay a
1~59, Nr 1, PP 4"-58 (TJ3SR)
ABST:,',ACT- Infor=;~tion is Civen on experiments carried cut In cr.' r tc
investit;ate processes of liquid steel degasz;ing unior vac.1--m.
Smelts of "ShKhg", "ShKh15", and "3GKhGSNA" 6;rades cf
stiel were invetigzited according to a new techncloCy deve:op-
ed by I.I. Ansheles, Candidate of Technical ~,;iences ~rcm :,'IS,
V.I.Danilin, and B.Z. Yononov, Engineers from the "Kruen,,-y
Oktyabr"' Plant. Desulfurization by slag deoxilation w~tq -';se~
to obtain iteel containing only chromium, carbon, and mani-an-
ese. The subsequent decxidation of this stee: unler -iaclilllc'.
was carried out by carbon dissolving and by degassing. 7he
quantitative evaluation of degassing kinetics was i-r~orz.ed
by a new indicator method with the use of an inilcator gas
Card 1/3 containing 96 to 96' methane and 1.5 to 5.01: higher hyiro ir-

OV
AUTHOR:',: K,.it-ro-v, L. B. (Erigin~,er)' )yks, ~. N.
TITLE: Liberation )f Gas During Solldlf:~.-atlon ,r
Ing') *1 s
PERIODICA,L: Izveitfya vyL3shikh uchet)riykh zavedenty. Cne-,aya
metallurglya, lr~59, Nr ~, pp 61-7" (Uf-"O'R)
ABSTRACT: ThI3 Is a ,itudy of' gas liberation JurIng n;_)__Id1,"',cat'C)n
of 18-ton Ingots at various degrees of r)xldat'~,n atil
various compositions of steel; al3o at)
of the part played by atmospheric -)xyg-n wllllc~~
oxidizes the surface of Ingot metal during
action In molds In the process of gas formation. _',e
metal was produced by the 3crap-ore procen.3 in ba'_lic
2120-ton open hearth furnaces with magnes1te-cnror7!'-
roor and a special arrangement for the oxygf~n
of the bath. The reduction of rimmed stoel t:j
ferromanganese was performed In the furnace atid 'n thf,
ladle. The Installation for Investigation Is 91~(~wr )n
Card 1/8 Flg. 1. The liberated (during the Ingot soildl'lca~,Ion)

Liberation of Gas During Solidification 71-136
of 18-Ton Ingots (J
gas was collected by means of an iron wel~ded_
which was lowered by a hoist Into '~he
about 50 rrun depth.
Fig. 1. An Installa-
tton For collec-
tion of gas liber-
ated during the
solidification of
an ingot: 0)
mold; (2) liquid
meta'4; (3) gaB-
collecting hood.
1320 x 570 x 400
Mm; (4) 3/4'"-
diameter outgoing
pir; (5) cooler;
(6 connecting
pipe; (7) gas meter
QK-6; (8) mercury thermometer;
taking gas samples.
U-3hape manometer;
Card .)/ /,9

Liberation of Oas During -,olldtVlt2atlon
of 18-Ton Ingots

Fig. The amount arid :,q)f-1
gas liberation
tlcjn of the Ingot: cc

ObIT, Ingot (experiment I w
(2) steel 0.84~ inj7ot
merit -I), a stream -wt;Al %-Ia:z

L, I -,,ern by oxygen; :It-el Ij U
ta
Ingot (ex~,eriment
lnp,,o*
killed steel eri--

ment 4);
(5 ) ki I I ed :3tee
tu

ingot (experiment tA

0
qa I f' o"
Ca-d

IW17
Card 5/8 1
0
x
of
Al
C a[) t t0n on pre
art]
x 6v
'roMir FROM SECINNIkG OF

Liberation of' Gas Dur ln,~ ;,) I ld 11* Icat lorl r - r
of 18-Ton Ingots
Toicorwess or CftsrAL&ir9D LAYFR V M14
2. 04r 21. U
#0 dw
T
W. Mv
fA c
>
TiNg F*0#4 RECIMMING of CgrjrALLIZArioK t p4sw
.1, pt ELATIVE VfV OF S0-0 PHASE
Fig. The relatlurs~,lj, tnt- amtunt c) -ry. z 'a,
and the amount I lf,eratod gas. ~jt pe I
ment 7, t e e "~kp Irq7ot (f-XI-f-ri-leill (a
0.8 ton, 300 x ~0(.' mm; 1) ~ ~-, tee 11 nFc, t a I
(c) 3teel Ingot about tnn, 740 x 1',lo- Mm
Card 6/8

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ASSOCIA-10',': M S-e. M 3'. .:.!3'
SUI~MITTED:
Car 1 - --

Pang I BOOK EXPWITATION BOO),
qyks,_Grigorly NaunDvichs, Professor,, Doctor of Technical Sciences, uid Khaya
31endelevv_&T8ffe_ -
Proizvodstva, stali; raschety (The Kaldng of Steell Calculations) Moscow,
Metanurgizdat, 1960- 319 P, Errata slip inserted. 7#250 copies printed.
Scientific Ed.: Grigoriy Naumvich Oyks, Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences;
Zd. of Publishing House: S.I. Venetskiy; Tech. Ed.: L.V. Dobuzhinskaya.
PURPM: This textbook Is Intended for students of Industrial and artallurgical
tekhnikums and may also be of use to engineers and technicians of metallurgical
plants and planning organizations, as well as to students of metallurgical
schoolB for higher technical education.
COVERAM: The book reviews calculations for UM charge of basic and acid.. single
or double slag, open-hearth furnaces operating with or without oxygen. Thermal
calculations of open-hearth furnace performance,, the simplified design of re-
generators (including the draft check) and methods of compiling material and
cftrdv~

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'ITPITI-ON SO-4/4762
PliASE Boa FXrLo
and Treatment
t4,on
tall 1. spla v (produc 1960. 462 P
InGtitut vo gizdatt
)JOBCOW - oty ,,tllur
obrat eta 9 printed. Tech-
140sco'" 2,100 copies Unger 0 14 J,.
p.oj%vod9tvO d h1loys 39) titute I
of steel So . BbOrn""-' TLOUse ;brash.
(series! Its. i the Ins g Gril sor,
0 f pub'. Counci.1 0 . R. res
Ed* Sojenceisp 1pro
Bory.0 P . FAItoriAl I yel t no
y-leynman v of TeCITnica roressorp
td.'- Ye*jj_"R. , esor, Doctor I Sci,noeB; Wo4teldy 9 Octor Of
Ed-'- ' profe f TeChnA,0a omw )feegorp ech-
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(11:InUOV 1, o P'. A. Pr( W or 0 JO&I
Candidate 0 -,eb P %idin j,
Te hn
Docentp eal Scienc . fessors Of C clenceS
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Doctor of 'Pechni Science$# Tro rv DoOtO Sciences.
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PrOfes$0 bers AC a
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Doctor 0, Sciences; 'bIMOVP W~ f 0
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Techn,i-C.,jences P Orre5PO'nd indastry 9
ni.ca -10 p~vlOvv ' Professors I personnel in dealing
It. 4,snevo
Belencesy 0. I?OVIIV technics r education.- Ilings
and tended for of hig)le metal ro
USSR; Jt MaY
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Production and Treatment (Cont.) SOV/4782
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Sobolev, S. K., Engineer, V. A. Kudrin, Candidate of Technical
Sciences 0 N Oyks and K. G. Trubin, Doctors of Technical Sci-
ences tD_;_;_a_:tMent-0r Metallurgy of Steel]. Desulfurizing Pig
Iron outside the Blast Furnace by Lime With the Addition of Alumi-
num Powder 5
Pavlov, Yu. A., Docent, Candidate of Technical Sciences (De-
partment of Rare Metals Metallurgy). Interaction Between Oxides
of Carbide-Forming Metals and Solid Carbon 16
Orlov, V. I., Candidate of Technical Sciences, and K. G. Trubin
[Department of Metallurgy of Steel). Content of Gases In Chrom-
ium-Nickel-Molybdenum Steel Ingots and Rolled Stock 23
Oyks, 0. N., 0. A. Barbashin, Engineer, and V. P. Kaltygin,
Engineer [Department of Metallurgy of Steel). Change In Steel
Composition During the Teeming Process 40
--eard- 3/10

A
AU NOIHS Oyks. -i-lL . PrCfessor.
-G. A Ki ne e r 4
neer; Koncr.Dv,
T I T, L.., New Proc ej s "o r
Matevosyan,
An3r,ei es, Do
i Z , Engineer
Me 1 It i ng Bal 1 - Boar i n
Ph:hIJ., I C AL; Stal . 1 -0. No. 4, pp ~,)n - I , ~
3,
AG' A /A C,
P F n- - r .
-,in i Da:i. rl
~ S t tap
TEXT - The m,, I ', . I) f ti.,, me ta I i it vucuiim I u rnit, t-_,% . i, T
an ade,uate titgree (A Iind deoxida'.i-ri iB ,,,l i-
mass -rodu,: t icn, oeciiase the capaci ty of' ',tiese furnaces ; j
ment _-ompll.cuted a:-, expe:isive It was .-on3l,iered mort- ef!~
tl-.e mr-al in a li,.:.,ice u:-, apply vacuum
i,i *ht~ !a-, ' I! . HC sev,Ir s 1 1 jI o I -l' d 6a i z3
I ee ts we carri ed oI,I t tr i n o rpc) rti I e vacuum ' re r,
of .9 t "e. I I rodu c ti on . I:, tne tes '-s a un I I was emp, C. ed ai3 tha t u
9 t eu " !,( und., I es I it I 1~ ! !.i,e two PBV4 t,C) (RVN-i,.O) tjp~, , . t'. - , ! - ~
PUMP9 -onnectod in nerioo wi tt, a ":AP1101, t.)' 60 - lti M'/111111.
70 - U,~ kind a mdxim~..m va(,u~m o, !;.m Hg. In ~i,%,
Card /,

S" - I ~ I
N e iv Pr : (-.3 s AC,- -~ A
sures -,f rnm In.. ;)u:..;) -apa-it.i Nas M /mir'. I
tne uutpi,t of tr,(-- pump skys',Lm, atearr, et ,,,e-tors wer,, ::a.~.;,'
I t, I produ c Ing a vac -1.m c, f 1 '1,0 - 4oO mrT litz. Du r I ii,, .-- t--.; is
,reatment in tha 14,J]o wits carri ec ou I i
t a) partly in a ri,kj,
conven'i.nal t* ( t, no und L ~ ;,~i r 7 a C, r (11 n A--
the -cnv,-:. Iona! ink, t. ni,' ~~ruc eas vacu,.ik t reatm nt. I n a
t I e ef f e - t on aeoxi aa ', ; on a.--l ; . c c ;,-,- '~,, o , t it I n a s a t i
of metal I t was nec-soary !ha,, 1, fit, cc)nlaned '.r.
t, v a *~i um t re a tm-!n t t~ e p res f-r; t I :~ 1, o rr. o f )I s c, 1 n
ture (.* inclusions Pasily rel~u---arie. T!.is, nowever. was n .
e f f e- * , v e - ec,). I ~ I z i n,~' t a . , u c r. a s s I i -, o r. !in -4 q , -,i m n ux a:
sent frumde so iu t I on . r.--re f ore tf-,e :---kuuc , on was ca~ r , 41 .. A .
s 11 1 c on an (I a luck, num x:~ 1. Y(- r, on I y ttld-d t o the I ii~- I k I r,
c, f th v v a- uum t ro tme n t ma 1 n y , o r p - r pk- .9 e o '- Ei o i Ilk
r, e ji v w e c r. n :)a. S 1 -1 Was
1 -Is C i ri a I V!. 1. 13 1
ture was main tained at k 0 '00C L o: oro skimminj-
slag . - e . 3 o n, e -N t, a I ~: I .,r, - r 1, t, iin ?. - :, s ~, % : I , - a-, 1) #, r i i t u ro a I m
reserve : u r tt,(, 3ubjeq,,--r, t vtkic-uu, t re~i tmori t . A f t , r- r i rw
Carl ~"'4

S/* ~ t/f 0 /Oeo/o
New Proceas `or Mel tnw Ball-hearing Steel AO-)4/AO2,
ro-chrome was added in a ,-aanti ty corresp(,ziairig ',(j tt;e t.,-,pe 31 J!-~
a jlag mixture containizie lime, fluorite, some cnippint-,s o!' i - e iY
dinas. amounting to !%' of L~,f- weight of' tne metal (a little
amount *%us far used). "hen Kv 'orge-oke was added A A F1 0 N ~1
hermetically closed 1'r 20 - min. -,-;1den!_ly at a "1911"r M ; e r 'A
reduction a thoroutly oxidized flag could be obtained also
dition of ferrosilicon. As in the new technology one of the mcst
purposes of the reduction was the desulfurization of the bath. TYe
was determined by Ii.e ini*ial sulfur content of the metal arid *,he r~,-
desulfurization wt,ich :ould be somewhat lower ti,an in Aie
cess, shert- slag was L,.ditionaly deoxidized b ',, ferrosillcon. r_1 t, -in ~t
showed that for 1~1 ntical amounts of' sul:'ur '.he rate cf
even hit;her in -lie new process (lue to *t,e hi,,her t~,mpera*Lre
tion. The ladle was put in the vacuum chamber when the sul."ur
the metal was about 0.11) - 01B%. The vacuum treatment of' '.re sl-e~ r.
taining In the solution only carbon, chrome and manganese was accompail-I
by viclent ooiling, ,naicating the inte:isity of the d"oxidation under
influence of -,he car~jon absorbed. Aftir 5 - b min he bolinw
decreased, and, while vacuum was maintained, 7'-)-,, ferros i n I:.
Card -,*/4

S/ 1 1, 1'/#~ I- '' j I ..
New Process !'or Meltint~ Bail-bearing Steel A 0 ~),./AO .-
corr,-!sponaing to the iiv.-raf-,e silicon c iitent of the steel Pro - ---i in
luminum ~'160 g/t) were added. 'I"hen .rio motal was boll ed f.-,r it Li-,. ,,I
for 1.5 - 2 min. '.'he complete vacuum treatment took only 0 - 'i min.
oxidizing agents added into ttiu ladle were assimilated to it i -,-
i n the new than 1 n tt, o c on,.-in t i on it I p ro c e.,; o 1 fer ro L31 1 1 Con t U ilu, tiiI
to 65',0 and aluminum to instead of' 50-0.) - 1"he non-metal I 1c , r, iii.
tions were analysed juanti tati vely according to rOC- 801 - .1*,, . ~;C)ST
and the gloL)ular in lu8iono accuroinor t(-~ the acale of TsNIIPP.
cal and metallo,,raphical tests on non-m-!tallic inclusions dISC j r(,V,1~1
greater purity of the s*.eel. The new method is economicali
shortened. reduction took 20 min less, the consumption of
gents and the quantity of waste products decreased. 11'he saving ju i. q
roubles per ton. rl,~,re are 4 fi,-ures, 5 tables and Soviet reerer,
Card 4/4

3/148/60/000/00~/36,z/~Z- ~
A 16 1/ A030
AUTHORSt Oyks, G.N., Khan' Yao-ven', and Litvintsev, A.I.
TITLEz Desulfurization of iron and steel in vacuum
PERIODICAL: Izveatiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Chernays. metallurgiya,
no.9, 1960, 18-28
TEXT: The Moscow Steel Institute has carried out an investigation
in laboratory and in foundry conditions. The observations are discussed
with references to four previ,-s Soviet works (Ref. 1-4). The desulfuriza-
tion degree and rate was different in acid and basic crucibles in vacuum
(Fig.1). As had been proven previously (Ref.1) desulfurization in basic
crucibles in vacuum is always higher than in acid crucibles. This phenome- V
non shows that magnesium oxide of the crucible is decomposed by carbon in
vacuum. Magnesium raises the degree of desulfurization through the reaction
calculated by Chapman and Ta-Li (Ref.3) (V.I.Lakomakiy, "Liteynoye proizvod-
stvo", 1957, No-1)
Mg,, + LFeS, %Fe ' Fe, + (MgS)TE ; 41F 1973 ' -8 3930 + 35-85T
Card 1/4

S11481601000/00iloGll:,z~,
Desulfurization of Iron and steel A161/AO30
and hence the conditions were favorable in basic crucibles, but the process
did not develop intensely at the residual pressures that were achieved in
experiments. Apparently, magnesium only plays a limited part in desulfuriza-
tion of iron in basic crucibles on account of raising the oxygen content,
as has been revealed by R.S.Belyakov (Dissertation for the degree of Candida-
te of Technical Sciences, Moscow Steel Institute, 195'1). Desulfurization
increased with raising the temperature of iron, the depth of vacuum, and the
higher temperature and longer holding time in the vacuum. The effect of
manganese content in iron on desulfurization is known - it raises with drop-
ping temperature of liquid iron. Dzhozef (Ref.4) (Dzhozef and Gol'b-uk,
Domez, 1934, No-11-12) discovered that in the equilibrium reaction oi m&n,3a-
nese with sulphur the product of their contents in metal is constant at a
given temperature. In temperatures above 1450"C (Fig.4) even an hi~~h manga-
nese content (3%) does not reduce sulphur content below 0.1%, and at 13500
only 2% Mn bring the sulphur content to 0.07%. V.G.Burtsev and R.A.Karasev
stated the considerable effect of Mn in the content range 1.06-2.36% in
vacuum desulfurization (reported at a conference on physico-chemical process-
es in steel-making, in 1957). In the subject investigation manganese content
Card 2/4

3/143/60/000/009/005/02',
Desulfurization of iron and steel A161/AO50
was 1.47 and 1.83. It was stated in experiments at the im. Dzerzhinsxogo
(in. Dzerzhinskiy) plant that manganese is a strong desulfurizer but it has
no effect at all if the initial sulphur content in iron is below 0 05~6
(Fig-7 and 8); Mn content higher than 1.47% has no strong effect. In expe-
riments with ball bearing Bteell..UX15 (ShKh15) in laboratory, in alundum
oruoible, no desulfurization could be obtained, which may only be explained
by low content of silicon, sulphur and other impurities in metal. The mecha-
nizm of desulfurization in a vacuum was studied with X-ray diffraction. No
S02 gas was found in separating fumes behind the vacuum pump. Condensed
powder on a filter placed in front of the vacuum hoses was investigated with
standard X-ray cameras, but some highly dispersed powders produced no dif-
fraction lines. These powders were investigated by electron diffraction,
with an,3M-4 (EM-4) electronograph. The results lead to conclusion that
the structure was a solid solution of FeS in FeO, in heterogeneous compound,
of FeO, FeS, or Fe(O, S) ty-pe. The FeS phase was revealed by electron dif-
fraction only. The following general conclusions have been made. 1) The
degree of desulfuration increases with longer time in vacuum, and it becomes
slower with the time. 2) The speed of desulfuration drops with decreasing
initial sulphur content. The desulfurization rate is different In graphite,
Card 3/4

3/14 60/000//&D)/0C 3,'3 2 z
Desulfurization of iron and steel A161YA030
basic and acid crucibles in similar conditions; it drops in respective order.
3) The degree of desulfurization of iron in a vacuum is higher in basic
and graphite crucibles than in acid crucibles. 4) Increased manganese con-
tent is favorable only when the initial sulphur content in metal ill high,
but some desulfurization is possible in a vacuum even with a low initial
concentration of sulphur. 5) It appears that desulfurization of iron in
vacuum is the result of evaporation of suiphur with subsequent compounds
formation with iron and manganese vapours in vacuum furnace, up to FeS and
Fe, Mn (S), or the low-melting components are evaporating. No elementar
sulphur was revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis of the condensate. 6~
The sulphur content does not decrease in ball bearing steel in shallow va U_
um in foundry conditions. 7) In laboratory conditions with vacuum of 10-
to jo-3 mm mercury column, no perceptible sulphur content decrease was re-
vealed also when the sulphur content in steel was low (0.008%). There are
9 figures and 4 Soviet-bloc references.
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut stali (Moscow Steel Iriatitute)
SUBMITTEDt 16 May 1960
Card 4/4

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formaticn of the ru s t n T r, e t r, . , a. th :z
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se:tjon arAa tin d 1: e !,4 t s ~q w, tit m' r, r gas
mel tel '. r. t a s i - . p e e r ! I- - -' r. 1,, E. t , - r *, " e
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2 400 irm r,,. gh rg.. I m I i s kT- I . ~ 7 x r. an
U S f I fr r 9 rim i r, a A r a rr b jv F, M . r,
Shkotcva --. me ho 1 f Z'I r:1 r "'i"
Ol?kp Stef.-I th- 7 ")n!ent th- I i t rt i -r I r, (.,I i
o f t hol " i rq t - ryi a i , a i r~ t n r~ "k p I r, .!4 TI,e MaT i M'_-,s
conlent (ato-.-e n. n t r r. r,-, 11~.
.a r

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arl

1) r
-ni

SODOLIF, S.I., lash.; KLJIIRIN, V.A., imnd.tekhn.nauk; OM. QJL,
doktor tekhn.nauk; IMIN. E.0. , doktor tekhn.nauk. T rabote
prinimall uchaotlye; BLIUMNOT. S.A.; ROZHIEOV. 1.X.-.
X,LLYSHN. V. S.
Desulfuration of pig iron outside the blast furnace by lime
with the addition of aluminum powder. Sbor.Inst.stali
no-39:5-15 160. OWIA 13:7)
1. TAfedra astallurgii stall kosicovskogo ordena Trudovogo
Krasnogo Usmeal, instituts stall in. I.I.Stalina.
(Cast iron-w*etallurd) (Desulfuration)

OTKB,-G.N.,-doktor tekhn.nmk; BUIMSHIN. O.A., insh.; ]UtIMUIS, V.P..
ini-h.
Changes in steel composition in the process of pourizigg. Sbor.
Inst-stali no-39:40-" 160. (MIRA 13:7)
1. Kafedra metallurgii @tali Moskovskogo ordem Trudovogo
Lrasnogo Znameni instituta stall Im. I.Y.Stalina.
(Steel-Metallurt2)

PHASE I BOOK EXPWITATION SM/5556
moacov. Institut sta.11.
Novoye v teorii i pr&ktike prnitvodstva mqrtenovskoy SWI (Nev [Drvelomentn)
in the Theory and Pmctic~ of Open-Hearth Stee 1~)Ljng) Moscow, Wt&Uvrgitdat,
1961. 439 p. (Serl~.- Trud4 Mexhvuzovskogo nsuchnoge so"shchnntya)
2,150 copies printed.
Sponoorlng Agencyi Kinisteretwo wyesbego I orednego spetsiallnogo obrazovanlys
RSYM. Mosk:ovakly institut stali imni 1. V. Sta.11na.
Eds.: M. A. Olialwy, Professor, Doctor of Technic&l Sciences, V. V. Kandakov,
Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, V. A. Kudrin, Docent, Candidate of
Technical Sciences, 0. N, Oyka, Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences,
and V. 1. Tavoyskiy, Profem4or, Doctor of Technical Scienceel Ed.t Te. A.
Borko; Ed. of Publishing Houset 11. 0. Grawr; Tech. 3d.i A. 1. KArasev.
PURPOSE: This collection of articles is intended for members of scientific
institutions, faculty ambers of schools of higher education, vzO ere
concerned with wtallurgical processes &A physical cbmsistry, &M stumate
specializing in these fields.
Card 1*

Nov (Developments] in the Theory (cont.) WV/5556
COVERAGE: The collection contains papers revieving the development of )pen-
hearth steelmaking theory and practice. The papLra, vritten by ataff
members of schools of higher education, scientific research institutes,
and main laboratories of metallurgical plants, were presented and discassed
at the Scientific Conference of Schools of Higher Education. The fol-I wing
topics are consideredi the kinetics and mechanism of carbon oxidation; the
process of slag formation In open-hearth furnaces using in the charge either
ore-lime briquets or c=posite flux (the product of calcining the mixture of
liza- vith bauirite); the behaylor of hydrogen in the open-hearth batb; metal
desulfurization processes; the control of the open-hearth thermal malting
regime and Its automation; he at-enginee ring problems In large-capacity
furnaces; aerod4mamic properties of fuel gasea and their flov in the furow*
combustion chamber; and the improvement of high-alloy steel quality through
the utilization of vacuum and natural g&Bes. The following persons took
part In the discussion of the papers at tbo Conforencei B.I. Fillypov,
V.A. Kudrin, N.A. Glinkay, B.P. Nam, V.I. Yavoyakiy, U.N. Oykm and Ye.
V. Chellahchey (Vascov Steel Institute)j Ye. A. Kayn h ana A. S.
Kharitonov (Zhdanov Metallurgical Institute)j B.S. Kikhayietaftnatitute of
Chemical Metallurgy of the Siberian Branch of the Acadn3q of 1;1eDCe6 USSR)j
A.I. Strogwov aad D. Ta. Pa. lotakly (Chelyabinsk Po"chnic Institute)i
P.V. U*r1kh1n Ural Polytechnic InstItutol; I.I. FORIA (the Moscow *Borp I
molot" Metallurgical Plant)l V.A. ftklav (Central Asian Polytechnic Institute)
card 2/14

New (Developcental in the Theory (Cont.) SN/5556
and 9.1. Beylinav (Night School of the Dnepro4zerzhlosk Metallurgical Inst1tate).
References fol-low sow of the articles. There are 2268 references, mostly govlot.
TAMZ OF C0711UMt
Forevord
Yavoyakiyo V. 1. (Moskovakiy institut Oll - Hooww Steel Institute].
Principal Trends In the Development of Scientific Research In Steel
Namif ac turl ng T
Filippovp S. I. (Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Moscow Steel
Institute], Regularity Patterns of the Kinetics of Carbon Oxidation 15
in Metals With low Carbon Content
tv. r. Antonenko participated in the experinentej
Levinp S~ L. (Professort Doctor of Technical Sciences, Dnepropetrov kly
arta,11urgicbeskiy institut - Dnepropetrovsk Wts,11urgical Institute).
Card ~,114

N,, JD~velopwnta) Ir. the The3ry (Cant.) SOV/5556
Kandratlyevs A.1.0 and V.A. Chernyakov. (Engineers, Moscow Steel
Institute). Intensification of the Steel Desulfurization Process 147
Kinelov, A.A. (Engineer, Zavod *Krasnyy Oktyabr" - Kmanyy
Oktyabr" Plantj. Some Problems of the Slag-Formation Process
In Op_-n-Hearth Furnaces 156
Luj~yka, V.M. (Engineer), and P.V. Umrikhin [Inotitat metallurgii
Urallskogo fM&ln AR SSSF1 - Inatitute of Yetallurgy of the Ural
Branch of the Academy of Sciences U3SR). Intencifying Steelmaking
Processes by Blowing the Povdered-Slag Forman Into the open-Hearth
Bath 161
[V.?. loupav, I.G. Fadeyev, w4 otbere participsited In the
research work)
Sotrilevp S.K. (Engineer], and GX, Oyka (Maecow Steel Institute).
Off-Pu.mace Devalfurization of Cast Iron by Blowing Lim and
AlUMIMM suspensions 1T3
Card 7/ 14

Nev (Developmrxte] in the Theory (Cont.)
Kapuntio, Te. A. [Docent, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Zhdanov
Y.-t&Uurgic&l Instit-ate). Aerodynamic Properties of Fuel Ganes and
Their Flov in the Combustion Chamber of an Open-Hearth rurnwe 271
Kudrin, V.A. (Docentv Candidate of Technical 8cianceal G 9 0 ka
O.D. Petrenko, A.A. Tudson, Tu. X. Nechkin, B.P. 9
.
I.1. Anshelea [Docent, Candidate of Technical Sciences), R.X. Ivanaw
[Candidate of Technical Sciences], and V.P, Adrianara (Engineer).
Special Features of Xaking High-Qual.1ty Steel in Natural-Gae-Fired
Open-Hearth Furnace@ 280
Butakov, D.K. (Docent), L.H. Mellnikov (Engineer), AJ4. Lirzan,
V.D. Budann", P.P. Babich, and A.I. Sinkovich (Ural Polytechnic
Institute, Zavod im. Ordzhonikidze Chelyabinskogo sornarkbota -
Plant imeni Ordzhonikidze of the Chelyabinsk Bovnarkboil. Special
Features of Making Steel in Open-Hearth Furnaces With Magwalte-
Chromdte (Brick) Roofs 290
Kudrin, V.A., Yu. X. Nechkin, To. I. Tyurin (Candidate of Technical
Sciences), and To. T. Abrosinwv (Moacow Steel Institute). The
Acid Open-Searth Process 299
Card 10/14

Nov [Developwnt~ in tbe Theory (Cont.) SOV/5556
Oyka G N V I Danilin (Enginewer), I.I. Ansheles (Docent, Candidate
;ciances), G.A. Sokolov, and B.Z. Kononov (Engineers),
[Mo*cov Steel Institute, 'Krasnyy Oktyabrlo Plant]. VAMf&CtUZV Of
Roll-Do&ring Steel With the Application of 1^41*-Vacuum Treatment to
Ron-Deoxidited Metal 335
Krarchenko, V.F, (Candidate of Technical Sciences), Ye. V. Abrosimov,
and L.A. L&rkmv (Engineer), (Moscow Steel Institute, Magnitogorsk
Metallurgical Combine]. Lirproving the Quality of Rinned-Oteel Ingot
by Vibration 343
(Ye, I. RabinovIch, Candidate of Technical Sciences, M.K. Sku.1'skiy,
A,G, Nikolayev, Yu. A, Goncharevskiy, and N.G. ZarLhItskaya, Engineers,
participated Ln the research work]
Nokrasov, Yu, V, (Engineer, Ku&Detsk Metallurgical Combine], Properties
of Carbon and Alloy Steel Deoxidized by Different Notboda 351
(V.I. Manlove, B.S. Yervuenkot Ye. 1. Ouly"va, L.T. Glaskm
arA Z.A. Ustaloya pm-ticIpated In the reseezob work)
Card 12/ 14

TRUBIN p lonrtautin Oeorgl7eviohj PYKS, i oriy Natmovich# prof.p doktor
' or',
tekbn. naik; CMMM=j KM-an~ Hvvk-ssent'07WWq-I=?TE-, -TII)ra
flaumovicb; TRUBrOSIM, Mikhail ltikbVlovich [dootaged); VISE1ZOVp
N.G.9 red.; VAGINpA.I.t red. izd-vs; MIKWLOVA9 V.V.# tekbn.-red.
Imetalill!P of A401% the open-hearth process) design and equipment
of open-16-arth furnaces"ai*id plants) Metallurgiia 3ta34: martenovskii
proteess; konotruktaii I oborudovanis marten6iskikh pechei i tsekhov.
Koakvap Gos. uauchno-tekbn4 isd-vo lit-ry po chernoi i tovetnoi so-
tallurgii 1961*. "S p. (MIRA l4s8)
10pen-heartb furnaces--Design and construction)

AFARASITU. S.G., imnd.takhn.nauk; BAR;ZIT. B.S.. dotsent; THYROTHOVICH.
Tu*Te.o kandotakhn.nauk; KAGANOT, T.Tu., kand.tekhn.nnuk;
KATOMIN, B.N., inzh.; LWKIN. T.Te., lnzh.; IAM,TB. 1.1i., inzh.;
NIMYLOTg O*A*q kandetakhn.nank; WISIN. A.Te.. inzh.;
QRW, M.Te.. Insh.; WTZ3. V.S., knnd.teldm.nauk; SHNNMOV,
Ts.A., bmnd.tekhn.n9uk-. OYU, G.Xv-v prof.p dektor tekhn.nouk,
nauchnyy red.; GOLIDIX, Ya.A.. glavnyy red.: PTITSTHA. V.I.,
red.lsd-va: 13UNIT11TA, P.G.. takhn.red.
[Technological progress in Soviet ferrous imtollurQr; steelwking]
Takhaicheskii progress v chernoi mtellurgit SSSR.- staleplevil'noe
proisvodstvo. Koskva, Gos.nauchno-tnkhn.1zd-vo lit-ry po chernoi
I tevetnoi matellurgii, 1961. 493 p.
(NDtA 14:4)
(Steel--Metallurgy)

PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/5411
Konferentsiya po fiziko-khimicheakim oanovam proizvodstva stali. 5th,
Moscow, 1959.
Fixfko-khimicheakiye oonovy proizvodstva stali, trudy konferentaii
(Physicochemical Bases of Steel Making. Transactions of the
Fifth Conference on the Physicochemical Bases of Steelmaking)
Moscow, Metallurgizdat, 1961. 512 p. Errata slip inserted.
3. 700 copies printed.
Sponsoring Agency: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Institut metallurgii imeni
A.A. Baykova.
Responsible Ed.: A.M. Samarin, Corresponding Member. Academy
of Sciences USSR; Ed. of Publishing House: Ya. D. Rozentsveyg.
Tech. Ed..- V. V. Mikhaylova.
Card lip
Llk

Physicochemical Bases of (Cont.) SOV15411
PURPOSE: This collection of articles to intended for engineers and
technicians of metallurgical and machine -building plants, senior
students of schools of higher education. staff members of design
bureaus and planning institutes, and scientific research workers.
COVERAGE: The collection contains reports presented at the fifth
annual convention devoted to the review of the physLcochemical bases
of the steelmaking process. These reports deal with problems of the
mechanism and kinetics of reactions taking place in the molten metal
in steelmaking furnaces. The following are also discussed: problems
involved in the production of alloyed steel, the structure of the ingot.
the mechanism of solidification. and the converter steelmaldng
process. The articles contain conclusions drawn from the results
of experimental studies and are accompwded by references of which
most are Soviet.
Card 2/16

Physicochemical Bases of (Cont. SOV/5411
Karasev. V. P. , and P. Ya. Ageyev. Feasible Ways of
Accelerating the Deoxidation of Metal 432
PART IV. THE APPLICATION OF VACUUM AND
THE GAS CONTENT IN STEEL
Shumilov, M. A., P V. Gel 'd and F. A. Sidorenko. Some
ration
S
e
at
e
~~e
c
f F
r
ili
Disinte
ifi
F
~
445
c
c
e
ur
s
r
.
ess o
er
os
con
p
g
Gel 'd P. V. . and R. A. Ryabov. Effect of Carbon on the
Per eability of Steel to Hydrogen 457
Novik, L. M... A. M. Samarin, M. P. Kutnetsov, A. 1. Lukutin,
and D. P. Ullyanov. Improving the Quality of Rails Made of
Bessemer-Converter Steel byApplying Vacuum Treatment 461
Oyks, G. N. . V.1. Danilln, 1. 1. Ansheles, G.A. Sokolov, and
Card 14/16

Y-
Physicochemical Bases of (Cont. SOV/5411
B. Z. Kononov. New Techniques in Making Ball - Bearing
Steel With the Use of Vacuum 466
Ageyev, P. Ya.. and B. G. Chernov. The Effect of Alloy-
inR Elements on Oxygen and Nitrogen Behavior During
Melting in Vacuum 474
Polin, 1. V. , and ~E. 1. Screbriyokly. Content of Gases and
Nonmetallic Inclusions in StainTe-as Steel Remelted in a
Vacuum Electric Furnace 483
Voroblyeva, T. M. . 1. P. Zabaluyev, Ye. S. Kolinnikov,
and A. F. Tregubenko. Effect of Ladle-to-Ladlt Vacuum
Pouring on the Quality of 30 KhGSNA Steel 495
[The following persons participated in the research:
T. M. Bobkov, Yu. P. Shamill, G. P. Parkhomenko,
N.M. Sh abli. and A. N. Men.
Card 15116

S/ 137/6 1/oor_/r, i 1i,, 2 23
AO60/A10l
_2,Lk~s ~_. Petrenko, 0. D., Yudson, A. A., Nechkin,
AUMORS: Kudrin, V. A., Oy
Yu. M.. Nam, V. P., Ansheles, 1. 1., Ivanov, R. M., Adrianova, V. P.
T= Characteristic features of the smelting technology for high-quality
steel with heating of open hearth furnaces by natural gas
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal. Metallurgiya, no. 11, 1961, 30, abstrac*.
11V192 (V sb.-. "Novoye v teorli I praktike proiz-va martenovsk.
stali". Moscow, Metallurgizdat, 1961, 280 - 289. Discuss. 332 - 334)
An Investigation carried out upon 140-ton open hearth furnaces
operating on the scrap process and heated by a mixture of natural gas and mazut,
has shown that in operating with the gas-mazut mixture the smelting duration is
Increased on account of the reduction in the heat-transfer as result of slag
frothing, which occurs with greatest intensity at the end of the smelting period.
The frothy slag hinders the active transfer of 02 from the gas atmosphere lead-
Ing to a lowering In Vc and the accumulation of Fe 203 at the upper levelii )f the
slag. Thus, the Fe~O? content in the surface layer of the slag turned out t,~ he
greater by a factor o 1.5 than in heats fueled by mazut only. Simultaneously
Card 112

o 1)
3?59P
S/157/6i/ooo/ei 1 11-28, i-;,~
A060j A lu 1
AUTHORS~ Oyks, G.N , Dan..In, V 1 , Anshele8. Sokoiov 0 A . Kun. ri v
,~- T - - -- .-
7 -71E P;--dj~tlc,n :f tai-oearing stee. wl-.h tne -&.- -f adle va- Jmlng
of '~he -Inned'l-ed me'.&,
FER: CD: :;A L. Re f e ra! 1 vny-)r z nu rmu - . W~ a 11 -irg if a , n,-- ats*rti
lIV346 (V st. "Nc.,vcye v *,ecrIll I prWlke pr--Iz va mar*en,-vsfk
Mcsc~-w Me-.a,lurgizdat 1,)61, k3~-342 D~is-~s-- 426 4 -'Lo'
MXT A.--~rllng - tne new te,hrique tne sm.-.,rg :,' ta..-t)ea.-.rg s-e~.
casi: furnaces Is carriel o-.it wl*n --mplete oxida~.,c,n ani msrw.**.ng. nie -.x,.:i;i
,ion period Is carried o,j* :-~rcelly with the use :f ore. The -.a, tempera-ur- ~~
fore the elimination cf %he oxiiizing slag 18 1,),40-1,b2CoQ After drawing f,
the oxidizing s.ag and corre:!Ing the metal with msj~ect 'C its C ccn*en~ Cr FU-1
Mn conten'~,one adds in a single dcse a slag mixture (5% of 'Pe welgh* :f *ne
'a.1) c:)nsls*.Ing cf !ime, spar -hamc-~e and Dinas t1cck Ther, a pcr-cn -f
icke is pu*. on ',-p cf *ne s:&g. the firnace is herTro--*.'--a."y SnI 5
proceeds for 2C-21_ min, A: ter a.1aning an 8 :or.*.en* .7f Frne
Card 112

~2590
3, 1 37,/t 1 1! 1'; 261"
Fro,Jjc~.Ion of A,-* O/A I,, i
a ge "ne T W I * n he S. dg. :.-. *.ne c ! ~i r se c f v a -4ir ' r~, a z
.he unmiu2pd me,~a. in *1* 1 vgcrDus i irr I Ing Tr-- Is ar-I faKe5 T:-
Thereupm 71:)% Fe-31 anJ A, are :n*~roduced frcm a special tunKer unJer voicidrr A*,
the end cf *he vacu-jmlng the m%al Is cast Int. ".1 ton ingct.s, The quti-.ty :
Ite seawee was determined ty tne sta*lls~lcai mthcA fr--)m a iarge nimt*r cf tipals
-3roe.ted a~c--irdilng tc the exper.menl-a, and 'he ieja, lecrinll~es TW q,48 Y
*,np ffeta- or tained was r-e I ---- , The n--nrr%-O-ai~ ~ Irnpir,-y - -n,,ero. ne* '. * j*,- 1
C, DD2t4% as -ompared t: C; -)C,4io% 7ne Jimn5i.~rf, cf trL,- g~-bu,es in '.fe mE-1a.
'-hc- -riinarl hea*-s 18 16-18m,, anj r *he .L nes's Ur * i~l LAI n-if-
,dsk :f -~he reducing peri.33 -f oht- he&* %;-.--rding - -.)-.e new *,e-nnlq-je ~6 *nE,
;.l-a*,'on cf a-ilve Jesu~f,,rq-.,rig ari !he - rre-: :n F the hem, mE
s' , 1,,r . The a*&ndurvlon rf *na* er! I is 1 32 hr5 as mPareJ * i .-s
-rdinary heats, the I.:,ta. nea* iara!I~ri was shcrtened ty A~ rrr ani *.he tv- .1~,f
expena! -.ire was le~,reasc-J - -ns, ierat '. y. as re3 cf whI ~r, r Ali
.31.ee . was de-maaed ty 1-, r-.ir pr- r
Y
A t -,e r s r. *-.e ~e'x- :,tuns. Cr
Ca M 2,'2

NAM, B.P.; OYKS, G.N.; K~MRIN, V.A.; MECHKIN, Yu.M.
Hydrogen behavior in open-hearth furnace bathe fired with natural
gas* Isy. vys, uchebe save; chern. met. no.1:56-64 161
(MICA 14:2)
1. Moskovskiy institut stali.
(Open-hoarth furnaces-Combustion)
(Steel-rHydrogen content)

s/1 48/61 /100000 5
A 16l /A l 33
AUTHORS: Oyks, 0. N., Sokolov, 0. A.
TITLE: The possibility of producing ingots with weldable shrinkage
PERIODICALi lavestiya vysshikh uohetnykh zavedeniy. Chernaya metallurgiya, no.
3, 1961, 37 - 39
TWj A meJiod Is suggested for the vacuum treating of steel in 1,%%ey -
mediate ladle and Ingot molds, with deoxIdation and alloying In this -4a.uum T'r e
now technology requires a spenl&1 pouring arrangement shown in a dravin8. The
Ingot mold has a precleicn-maohined annular protrusion on the tooortion. Ring
pipes with lialetes and outlets for water are cast into the ingot mold wall and
serve for chilling the *.,Jp of the Lnga.. The intermediate ladle haying a
larger volume th&n the Ingo'. " be produced is Ins',&J.'ed on the mold prrtr-1.aE1,Dn
on a rubber seal. The lntermedl&,.e ladle Is linod, heat-tnstalled and Aas a -.,~,p-
per. It Is closed with a rutber sealed lid. The bottom and lid of the Intrip-
mediate ladle are screened fir rad-I&Iion protAction. The lid bears a Pinnpi' a
mechanism for lowering and lif-Ang '.he stopper, a hopper for "Iunkerl,.R" o- heal-
Ing mixes, and a hopper for and alloy additives. The
Card 1/3

S/148/61
The possibilitY of producltW. weldable A 1~ ~ /A 1-~
supplied by a feed screw driven from olitsIde. The lids of both hoppers are
vaouum-tight. A eight hc%le is provlied, and a TV camera may be used ,% .r a- I ac.. e
The intermediate ladle is heated '.~ 9~00.', and %he arrangement o:)nne,'ted *. vii j-rr,
Vdmps and evacuated to a residual pressure of 1-2 mm Hg. The Inlet for m,-*.a' ' !-,
the funnel in closed with a th-in pieie of steel or &iuminum she*' a.-id &-ia:aid. S.eei
Is poured from the furnaoe In the soml-killed state, with a low addition of ferr',-
manganese (or chromium), with sl-'gh*. excess of oarbon (0.02 - 0-03%) 0-r".- -Dean
required by the specifloation, and w4.-.h 50 - 6QoC overheat In comparison wIV.
the usual pouring temperatlire. The short time needed to me,t the niosing me'.&!
plate In the funnel is sufficient for the formation of a liquid metal pljg, &nd
the metal flown Into the -3*a-)uated space In the lutermediate ladle- whore It is
rapi&1Y degassed and deoxidized by t-h% Ussolvt-d carbon. Crushed alloy ad(i--.,vtts
are %oded to the metal jet by the feed screw after the intermediate ladle Is filled
t~O 3/4, Nming of the alloy additi4ea and ferroalloys and the formation cf nrr,-
me,(411io inclusions will be lnsigplfiiant. After the intermediate ladle is filled,
lunkerite or another heating w-lzture from the hopper Is spilled on the top, Wien
the stopper Is lifted, and metil flows through the outlet and a shor-% guirie
into the ingot mold where the residual air pressure is also low. Secondary de-
gassing takes plaoe in the ingot mold. with possible interruption of the j"et and
Card 2/3

s/ 148/61 /Icoc, x 3., :,,, 3 -- 1 z
The possibility of producing Ingo,.s w--th weldao.e ... A161//A133
splash on the mold walls that cannot spoil the ingot surfaoe for no oxidq '!,Ms
can form on the metal. tie vacuum in maintained In the ingot mold up V Ve
mation of a solid top. Then the vacuum to removed, and crystallization ccnt,,7.i,-d.
ITLe shrinkage cavity will be free from oxide films and it must weld up in suose-
quent hot rolling or forging. The metal economy will be very considerabi,-, par- '
oularly In the production of 40 -150 ton ingots for forging from whiin u[, !.(~ 4.')%
has Usually to be out off with shrinXage cavities. Inert. gas may be used ir.s'.(-ad
of a 7acuum In the intermediate ladle and the Ingot mold, but the final trA.7-'~ gas
pressure must slightly exceed t1w of the stmospLerio air. The sugges*.-4-~
eliminates the necessity of using large artd expensive ,rac-.Ium ~)hamtera
treatment. The Author's Certiflae olaim for It had beer. filed -)n Nov-riitp-
560989/22. There I'a I figure. (Essentially full tranB.a*l
1956, under no.
ASSOCIATIONi Moakovskiy institut stali (Mosoow Steel Inat-'tute)
SUBMITTO: September 1, 196C
Card 3/3

22312
S/133/61/000/004/001,~'r
19-52-0 A054/A127
AUTHORSt OYksj G. X., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor;
gha-r-adzenidze, S. A., Engineer; Svetlitskiy, Ye. A., En6ineer;
Malyshev, S. I., Engineer; Lolua, K. K., Entinver, and h1in,1-
lin, B. 1. , Engineer
TITLE: Production of tubes from semi-killed steel with a doulle-,a-,-r
crystalline structure
PERIODICALt Stall, no. 4, 1961, 304 - 307
TEXTt Tests were carried nut on automated manufacture of gea.-.1ess
tubes from aemi-killed steel, instead of from killed steel as in the 'Or.-
ventional process. A metal was required, incorporating the advantace3 of
both killed and rimming steels. For this pupose rimming steel smeltei 'in_
openhearth furnaces was cast in ingot molds with widened bases, into ".~ V
6.3 ton ingots. Without interrupting the metal flow, alumin-,im 6-ran-les
(250 - 100 gr/ton of steel) were introduced during pourin.- i:. *:.t? central
zone of the casting (the carbon-content varied corres7ondir,,:!:~ C.**
and 0.23'ia). Aluminum was added. Upon adding aluminum, the outer ia~-ers cf
Card 1A I/

22312
S z 0 .: rl,c
Production of tubes from semi-killed steel... A054/AI27
the metal which were in contact with the mold wall, were already
ing and formed a low-carbon, sulfur- and phosphorus-free rimmint- ski:.,
while, at the same time the core of the ingot was still liquid. Alum:r,,ir
kills the rimming metal of the core, while the rate of oxidati_,i ~,r,
trolled by the amount of aluminum adde'. Provided deoxidatior, iya!i
out in the correct way, the ingot consists of a a soft, 1,lister-frof, r,.!~-
ming skin, on an average 12 - 20 mm thick and b~ a semi-killf-d r~ w.th
uniform liquation of carbon, sulfur and phosphor, (not ex_--Ain,- Iza,-,
vertical and transversal direction. The average rate of the U",
metal in the mold was 0.28 - 0.~2 m/min. The 250 x ~10 mm and 2K, x 11"
blooms made of the test steel were put into the pusher-type furna.e cf
tube-rolling mill. The surface of the blooms is remarkably clean, rict
playing any of the usual flaws of killed steel. The blooms were rolled n
400 mm stands ith the workinE rolls Lavin- the following,, anFIes cff
nation: 8 - ~owfor 168 x 6 mm tubes, 8 - 98 for 219 x i - 8 mm and .7 - CIO
for 325 x 8 mm tubes. The piercint; testi3 showed that the '.ez;t metal, Wa3
more strongly affected by the chanjes in temperature than ~:Iletj maie _f
killed steel. The test billets coull i.o' be pierced at 11Wc:, wl,,,~,-d,-,
Card 2/5 ,

, 2"' 31-'
S., 13~/Ei"Ooo' Oc" 'r~: , C
Production of tube3 from steel ... AC54,'A'2-
the conventional process piercing can easily be performed at 1150 - 1'900~.
However, even when the temperatures were sufficiently hie;h (12~O - 126CO--j,
the rejects amounted to Bel., as a result of incorrect adjustment of the f-~rvt
piercing stand. The hardneaB of the billet is not uniform in its Cross-
section (Fig. 2). The core is harder, than the external layero. The fall-
ure of the piercing tests could be eliminated by modifying some of the rol-
ling parameters. The inclination of the rolls in the first stan,i was re-
duced by 10, reduction at the neck of the rolls was increased by 2.7 - 2_1Y%
and drawing out the nosepiece of the mandrel by 22 - 255. By decreasing
the inclination angle of the working rolls, friction and pulling forces in-
creased whereas axial slip decreased. As a result of the increajed reduc-
tion, the central parts were processed more thoroughly and piercing was
promoted. The above mentioned changes in rolling parameters decreased the
amount of non-piercable billets from eio to 1.7~6. Non-piercing of the b-.,-
lets can be entirely eliminated by raising the cropping of the top tc 2 -
3%. A further croppinG (3 - 4%) should be carried out for the 900 mr. sand.
The quality of the tube surface with double-layer structure is satisfactory.
The rate of flawless products increased to 95 - gel.. The mechanical proper-
ties of the tubes made of the test steel complies with FOCT (GOST) 87x1-58
Card 3/5 -

22312
S,
Production of tubes from semi-killed steel ... A051,`A127
for killed steel (CT.2, (".3 etc. St). There are 4 fi(-ireq rin! 3-
viet references.
ASSOCIATIONs Moskovskiy institut stali (Moscow Steel Institute' and Zakav-
kazakiy metallurgicheskiy zavod (Zakavkaz Metallurgical Plant)
Card 4/5',

23988
2 [o s/148/61/000/005/001/015
E071/EI35
AUTHORS; Baranov I-A., Oyka G N., and Ansheles, 1.1
TITLE: Improvement in the te:hnology of product ion of
ball bearing steel
PERIODICAL. Izvestiya vyashikh uchebnykh zavedenly.
Chernaya metallurgiya 1961, No-5, PP 50-57
TEXTi The influence of changes in the technology of smelting
ball bearing steel (in electric furnaces) as well as of some
parameters of vacuo treatmen! on the quality of steel was
investigated by statistical methods- Data collected during
metallographic cont rol of the quality of product Ion were used f,-r
the investigation, Changes in the technology of smelting
consisted of a d.?-rease in the reducing period of smelting and the
transfer of the deoxidizing treatment to the ladle under vacuum
(G.A. Sokolov. G.N. Oyk-; present journal 1959 No.1, Ref.l:
G.N. Oyka P.P. MatevoRyan et al.. Stal-, 1960 No 4, Ref.2).
The influence of the height of motek ! column in thr Indle during
vacuum treatment was studied by comparing the degree of
contamination of the metal b n-lu%ions for chargeF; of 121 and 16 t
Card l/4V

'1966
S/148/61/000/005/001/015
E071/E135
Improvement in the *echnology of produrtion of ball bearing 9tPP-l
(equivalent to an increase in the height of metal of 250-100 mm).
The increase in the height of the metal resulted in a significant
increase of oxides and globular inclusions but there was no
significant change in the degree of contamination by sulphide
inclusions (Table 1). It is assumed that the adverme influence of
an increased height of metal in the ladle is due to an increase in
the loss of deoxidants 'due to oxidation) particularly of Bilicon,
added under vacuum. The influence of the residual pressure,
, the degree of contamination of the
ma lig, was studied by -omparing
steel by oxides and globular inclusions, Fig.1 (degree of
contamination relative units vs residual pressure. mm fig.
o - oxide inclusions * - globular inclusions, numbers at points
designate the number of specimens, the degree of oxidation of
silicon. Fig.2 (residual Si in the steel vs. residual pressure,
MM lig; numbers designate the number of heats). With increasing
residual pressure the degree of contamination somewhat decreases.
The summary influence of the duration of pure boiling during the
addition of deoxidants under va:uum ( T ) and the depth of vacuum
Card 2/ 1'-

S / 146/6 !/(.)o(j/(jo~/00 1/0 1~
EO- 1/E ''I ~
Improvement in the te hnrlogv c-f pr-Jic I .-n of ball bearing Steel
( P r 4% -4 - 7, e q iduti I lir ) r-n the Aeg-ef- -,f -ont aminat tort was
expre.qspd bv the 100 5v/P,,,~4 I A ~'at 1~0 I -al , 'T I-P Idt 1()TI Of
*his faclor wish lif- degree of n i i ri t na * i, n b v r- x ikle ot z1, bu I a r
Inclus!r,tts ,ndi ' a,e% thnt w-h in-rf-am.-fig d-pth r,f- va(uum anj
lncrea,ing duraftnn rf h(- (tegasging p-riod the deglep f,f
lont ami nat i-,n de~ --asps F i I n~imbe r s a F)c i n f s -I es i gnat f- the
numbe - .:)' 5pe -men, . - \ . A --- z ! ) b,j ' a - in hi-i tons I
Th is r ~ la- -,rn-hij a I I V 4 1
q n ~n- A r M F'.1 r I s' D - f
mf a n .-a 'A e ~ a rid a rvio r A d P a t i r, n s - f * t- z- P F- ~n I ami na t 1,in
of s- - ee pr-)dure,j bv *he I A in I mr I I t 1 m- fig hn- 1, gv
Tab e -,ndi:a*-,i -ha, h e ' a t ica ~, e i e e n, & m i ria t " I by
ox ide dnl g I obu !at in,- Ids i-,n5 h m- P ( -t1Tdmtt1A* V -4 1 1 Ph. i I P
tnclus~.ons, The?pf-r 9 irther at.- lift,, is( .on -)f ,me I rig, 1,-chriology
was dire- , e I t c- w a r,j m v)r 1 n iz P Aes%j ! phuT .Rat 1(,r of
tl,e me- a duraL. 7 litv :f the ni -1(~ '1n-1 ii M( r e A r. I f, rM
d istr ibif ion of s i n ' h, t u mp*al,
gh- h umE-
Exper imenta - he.. ! F -n a n e : fur ria~ e in whi h derxidirinq
Mixtures of powdere.1 --ma jr-1 si-a- were b I- wri in dur ini~ !te
Card "/ 1~

S / I lfep I/oou/uorl/oci 1/0 1
FO . 1 /E I 1~
Impr 3 va me n t in r he te h ri, I -; v f c , Ij tion )f ~--a I ! t-,tr iijv ,tpel
ox id 1 7 j ng pe t- io-1 we r - Ti,,, ay t,!,% -Y Tist !P I ) A n,- ( e ab 1 e
desu lptur - 4ai ion wa- t, a !fl. i " r) I It. a - P wh 4- vi vi i t x - n wa %
uge-f ail -r T h P 9 1 1 s e r the iii 1- 1, n 1 -4 shown
i n F , g . 4 1, n,j -- . 4 i Mp- .0 1 - I r) ) I , -. V ,
3 - no t z I e f c T b I a% - -1 n rz f7 !V-- P-wdered
Jesu lphur iser in a i - g-11 r . X,114 '0
6 - fixing f m P - - 1)? P 4i,j I e ZIAIIJZ- ) A hangp in *hL~
slag pra -ice wa.4 mct- i- 4q! u -t ia I I v * I- - r i n i wiz 3 1 a g i n a
pr o pe r * 1 - n -, f 2 ~ ',% f h67 f m-1 .3 1 wa, ina J- from a
mixturor ^cjri'a in~nz -(, -2~. ! m - 2" - Pa r t, ) m. ~ am , , a and
8-10% r ii sh e J D i na ~, r f, I r i n I h ~ new p,a * i . P 1) 1 nA -,
refractory was r e p I a : e d t) v r 0111 1 h 0 %,v P lizKy nt S 1 a g was
increased to 3 5% o f I he we 1 01 t o f nl,- t a 1 A , , rn 1) it rison of the
.u lphur content in the finished me i a I f i om -'() 0 h P,j t s made with the
usual and 186 head made wit h mod if ipi s 1 a q -.4 h () w P d that the average
sulphur cont ent ,f' ( op I produc el t--v f h- lat ! er pra,: t ice wdc 0~0025*
lower than in thist pr oduc ed hN, I tic former ~Io r P.) % o- r rejects of
me t a 1 du e t o h i q h i i I ph u r py a i ( it I I N- c aa P I Th- int luence of
Card 4/ ',-

S/ 1/013
E071/E135
Improvement in tke technology of production of ball bearing steel
ladle refractrz 1-~ kin the behaviour of sulphur during vacua
ti -Or-~q , V,1,3 %,-# It wmr, observed that during vacuo
ti c.'jintnt the cc nt,~).t (.f oluj,,ina and silica in slag increfibe.8,
-rFa.-4ing it-q i._i,,,c itv ~,~ an average of 305s. An a result, thF
-ff icient of sullhur diz,-ribution decreases and the occurrences
~A the rev~brsion )f -3usr,iur iti the vacua treated btpel were more
c. pr k. a f rv P
're i )-itt than in the usuat !,teel (28% as against 7",,), T
h, i-zul;,hurisirz ability of slag and to increase the duraL i i it y
' tre ladle lining a series of experimental heats was maGe in
whj_,:r chc- vacuc. tr eatment. of the steel was done in ladles f itted
~,-ith a riiiz 466 hun high (at the If ve,' of slag-metal bourilarv),
-aad* frorr. basic hiagn-81te az,o chromemagne-4ite) and neutral (nigh
.Alumina') refractoriea. Lrider tEetse cond-tions (50 heats) the
basicity of the 61t%q -luri!,T the !-eatiaent decreased by only 9.5~/-
agal.nst i!-ie pievicu% ~u% and the sulphur content of metal
decreased by an Average of o.o02-0.UO15. while in heats trr-ated in
ladles w3th the or~Jinarv lining (85 heats) it remained practically
unchanized. The our,-ikiiity of the ladles fitted with t-uch a ring
Card 5/13

23988
5 / 148/6 1/00(-/(,u 3 /G(,1/0 15
E071/E 135
Improvemeitt. in the technology of' production of ball bearing steel
nls a ir.cre a a e,1 ( ft - in ', .(I t.4 to 11-19 lie at%) des pitp a ome
spoiling of ba~ ic bricks on cooling. ball bearing steel
deoxidized by (-Ljrbvi~ it ti,r f..rnace in usually very pure as
rFgardB inclusion- It - ( , -G.oc,115c). (',it !apping of such steel the
Arsiount of stabip enaoenir inclusions rrnia,ns practically
unchenired which corf ii -us t e assumption that the inf luence of
sec.ondary oxidalion of .".Eel not containing stron,~~ deoxidizers is
insignif icant. An incrpa-t, in Uj: amount of inclubions (0.002.0-
0.0040N) takes ulace iuring -vacuct treatment and addition of
deoxidants in the ladle. In vacuo treatment of steel secondary
oxidation duriniz teemin(v is much store dangerous than during
tapping from th; furnace ct non-deoxidized steel, since during
teeming it already contains sorve amounts of silicon and aJuminium.
For the protection of the stream of metal during teeming from
secondary oxidation, tube rings with holes were used, through
which a neutral gam triltr-,,~en or argon) wan supplied. In these
experiments no imli:~fnct,r, resAilts wet, obtained. jiy blowing a
neutral gas (phv- -- ! . C I I0. tl,t- r : -Y)trat ion of oxy,~-) It,
tlie immediate tic I I 'I ()I t ~ r i t- Itream couia not be
Card 6/ 1:,-,

S/ 148/6 0080/005/001/015
E071/E135
Improvement in the technology of production of ball bearing steel
reduced below 10%. In the second series of experiments natural
gas was used which reduced the concentration of oxygen below IS
(physical and chemical protection). The increase in the hydrogen
content in the metal was insignificant (about 0.5 cm3/100 s) and
4most careful control of the microstructurs, of the metal indicated
that the presence of a small amount of hydrogen inside the
protecting ring has no negative effects on the metal quality.
As a result of the protection of the metal stream by natural gas,
the degree of contamination of the metal decreased by 0.2-0.4
units. An increased viscosity of slag during tapping of the heat
'a nd subsequent vacuum treatment caused difficulties in the
deoxidation of the metal with 75% ferrosilicon. In individual
cases, the metal was rejected due to incorrect analysis for
ailicon. The use of a 45% ferrosilicon proved to be more reliable.
A comparison of data on the distribution of silicon along the
height of the metal in the ladle deoxidized with a 45% ferro-
silicon indicated that this was more uniform than that deoxidized
with a 75% ferrosilicon. The coefficient of variation was 23.3%
Card 7/ 15

S/ 148/117800/005/001/015
9071/9135
Improvement in the technology of production of ball bearing steel
4nd 31.6% respectively (statistical treatment of 120 heats of each
type). A statistical analysis of the results of metallogra hic
control of each typo of heat showed that with the use of a ~5%
forrosilicon the degree of contamination by globular inclusions
decreases on the average from 1.24 1 0.039 to 0.98 t 0.034 units
(statistically significant). The degree of contamination by
oxides and sulphide inclusions remained practically unchanged.
It appears from thermodynamic considerations that under vacuum
silicon should not act as a d*oxidant, nevortheless it forms
inclusions since during the immersion of forrosilicon into the
etal some localised zones of a very high concentration of
icon are formed where. in accordance with the law of mass
M
ction, its oxidation taken place. In view of the above, the use
:f ferrosilicon as a deoxidant is inadvisable. To confirm this
supposition. an experimental heat of UW( 9 (ShKh9) steel was made.
The duration of the vacuo treatment under a residual pressure of
7 mm was 8 minutes. The removal of the residual oxygen was done
by aluminium added uniformly in small portions during teeming
(50-60 g/ton). The metal stream was protected with natural gas.
Card 8/ 15

s/148/61/000/009/003/012
9071A135
AUTHORSi Kosterev, L.B., and Oyka, G.N.
TITIX: The mechanism of segregation of admixtures in A ton
ingots of rimming and semikilled steel
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysahikh uchebnykh zavedeniy, Chernaya
metallurgiya, no.9, 1961, 59-70
TEXT: An investigation of the chemical non-uniformity was
carried out on:four 18 ton ingots of low carbon steel; two ingots
of riming steel one of which crystallized under free boiling
conditions (it was covered with the cast iron top after 26 win),
the second ingot was solidified under the cover which was lowered
into the metal immediately after the end of filling; one ingot
of samikill*d steel (150 9/t of aluminium was added to the metal
stream during teeming); and one ingot of killed steel
(aluminium rod 1 kg/ton suspended in the mould). The structure
of the ingots and their chemical non-uniformity were determined
on longitudinal axial templets, sulphur prints and samples of
metal taken on the levels 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 40,
5o, 6o, 70, 80, 83, 86, 89, 92, 95 and 98% of the height counting
Card 1/41

The mechanism of segregation of ... S/148/61/000/009/003/012
9071/E135
from the top of the ingots. Eight samples of metal (50 mm apart)
were taken at each level and on the level 24% every 5 M. The
distribution of sulphur was found to be similar to that in small
and medium ingots of rimming steeli the concentration of sulphur
in the metal increases from the surface to the centre and from
the bottom to the head of the ingot. A specific feature of the
distribution of sulphur in large ingots of rimming steel is
A-shaped segregation which in also characteristic for killed
steel. A V-shaped distribution of sulphur was observed in the
bottom part of the ingots, i.e. shrinkage takes place there at
the end of the solidification similar to that in ingots of killed
teel. The distribution of carbon was basically similar to that
:
f sulphur, but was less pronounced. The segregation of
phosphorous was even less pronounced. It was established that
the oxidation of manganese takes place during the boiling of the
metal in moulds. To check the existing views on the role of
boiling on the development of segregation of admixtures, samples
of the metal were taken during the process of boiling with closed
8ampling tubes immersed 200 and 2000 min into the moulds. During
the boiling, the two samples, which were taken nearly
Card 2/4

The mechanism of segregation of s/i48/61/000/009/003/012
E071/El35
simultaneously, differed little in the concentration of the
segregating elements. Thus it can be concluded that the
accumulation of admixtures in the top part of the ingots takes
place at the last stage of the crystallisation of the middle part
of the ingots, and not during the formation of the boiling zone.
A comparison of the influence of the duration of boiling on the
maximum degree of segregation showed that segregation decreases
with increasing duration of the boiling period. However, this
method cannot be used for reducing the degree of segregation since
simultaneously the structure of the top of the ingot deteriorates,
which leads to larger metal losses. In semikilled steel chemical
non-uniformity is considerably smaller and the structure of the
head of the ingot without a clearly defined shrinkage cavity is
superior to that of rimming steel. A thickness of a good quality
skin of 10-12 mm is sufficient for the production of sheets.
The average yield of slabs from this steel was 89%. It is
considered that the production of semikilled steel instead of
rimming steel would be an efficient method of improving the
quality and the yield of large ingots.
Card 3/4

s/148/61/ooo/011/003/018
E071/E180
AUTHORSj Kosterev, L.B., and Oyke, G.N.
TITLEj Non-faetallic inclusions in 18-ton ingots of
rimming steel
PERIODICAL; Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy,
Chernaya metallurgiya, no.11, 1961, 45-56
TEXTt Results of an investigation on the nature and
distribution of non-metallic inclusions in bottom poured 18-ton
ingots (730 x 1550/780 x 1590 mm, 2400 m high) of rimming steel
melted in 220-ton basic open hearth furnaces are described.
Altogether 3 ingots were used for the investigation: 2 ingots V
from one cast (0.08% C, 0.42a Mn, 0.022% S, 0.03016 0) teemed on
a common stand, whereupon the second ingot was capped immediately
after filling and a third ingot from another cast W.0% c,
0.30% Mn, 0.028% S and 0.045% 0) which was rather cold on teeming
370-380 specimens (40 x 50 m) were cut out from longitudinal
sections and used for a metallographic study of non-metallic
inclu:iois. The nature of non-metallic inclusions was determined
Card /
majority of cases thev contained also tne oiLtue 1----
Card 2/01.,

Non-metallic inclusions in 18-ton ... s/148/6i/ooo/oll/003/018
E071/El8o
forming two-phase inclusions with an excess of the oxide phase
forming grains or dendrites. The silicate phase is not
homogeneous, but consists of a fine grain eutectic containing
small grains of the oxide phase. Size of theme inclusions varied
from 2-401A to 100-2004, occasionally 300-~t- Mean hardness of
silicates 721 kg/mm2. Silicates formed the second largest group
of inclusions. Oxysulphidest these two-phase inclusions form
the largest group. They consist of a eutectic (MnFe)O - (MnFe)S
and an excess oxide or sulphide phase. In the centre of the
upper part of the ingots oxysulphide inclusions surround the
boundaries of the primary grains of the metal. A Majority of
these inclusions are 20-501A with an occasional 5-10U in size.
Inclusions consisting of oxides - sulphides - silicates: the,-'e
inclusions were encountered for the first time in large ingots of
riding steel; their formation is probably promoted by prolonged
presence of the liquid metal. The Inclusions can contain
separated individual oxides, sulphides and a eutectic oxide-
sulphide silicate. The silicate phase separates in the form of
plate xide in dendritic formations. The size of these
Card ;~(

BARANOV, IA.; OUS, G.N.; ANSHEIES, I.I.
InFroving the teabnology of b&U-bearing atool production. Isv.vya.
uchob.sav.; chernjoet. 4 no.500-57 161. (MIRA 14:6)
1, Moskovskiy institut stali.
(Steel-4btallurgy) (Bearing ="U)

NAM B.P.- OYKS G.N., KUDR11i V.A.; IMHKIN, Yu.M.
P P --P I
Effect of hydro-en concentration in final open-hearth furnace
slag on changes.in hydrogen content of the metal during its
tapping and pouring. Izv.vya.ucheb.zav.; chern-met. 4 no-9:
54-58 161. (MDU 14:10)
1. 14oskovskiyinstitut stali.
(Steel-Hydrogen content) (Slag-Analyeis)

KOSTEREV,
Mechanism of impurity segregation in 18-ton rimed and capped
steel ingots. Izv.vys.uchob.zav.; chern.met. 4 no-9:59~-70 161.
MIRA 14jlO)
1. MDskovBkiy institut sta-Ii.
(Steel-Metal.lography) (Steel ineoto-Defects)

RYKS,_.Q~ doktor teklin.nauk, prof.; 6jAjjADZLj,'JUZE, S.A., inzh.;
SVETLITSKIY., Ye.A., inzh.; MLLYSI[EV, S.I., inzh.; LOLUA, K.K.,
lnzh.; RINDLIN, B.I.,inzh.
Production of tube mue of capped-type steel witb a two-layer
crystal structure. Stall 21 i~o. 4:304-307 Ap 161. (MIRA 14:4)
1. Hoskovskiy inBtitut stali i Zakavkazak-iy met&Ilurgicheskiy
zavod.
(Pipe, Steel) ~Rolllng (metalwork))

lut 1 n
I

I ell
C,x r -1 3/ It

OYKS G N , iok to r takhn. nauk, HOP01' 'N, 1.. 1. , TYKIN, L.V.; KlkPtT'-T:N. : .', . .
~~ROKINP A.A. ; KUTSENKO, A.: . ZA,IPEBA, A.V. , A A , .
v;KKIS, 3.N.
I~ffpct of the condition of ths:- sl,,R on *hs, Inlenall'y of -,4erl-'-)ns
'aring '.he Bessemer productlor cf steol. Me'.. I gornorudl. rr-)m.
n,~.1:24-28 Ja-F '65. (M:?A lo-"

I
OYKS, G.N. . do k to r tekhn. nauk; FN R( ~ 'N) I I.; TSYK IN , I_V. ; Uf-T.~ - : %, : V. ;
-SMOKINO -Acl~jb_A, A.V.; RF?OiLls, , .,:. ;
Tq,s;-Y-V.o ~r'nirali .r-:ast!ye: 7"RPTU,
KI*BLITSKIY, A.M.; SA.FlYVlfV, V(!,YNKINv-". M.
Some problema in tho hydr,)dynam'ca .f a convprter hatt- Mp.
i gornor-ud. prom. no.3:.`-31 My-'a lt-~. , M:!, I , P: ~

FA FK I:,: IN , ; ~ I I; *~, ~1- 'A*. V A
I x ia . z ng th t~ n r ~ i q tie W 1 VII L
u 7- r
r v v%

GIA I ISHEV , N. G. ; CYKS , G.1,'. ; Dfil'"ili IN I 1~' , V.F . ; FF I( PC I I" ~~ , Ye .7. .
ainov, S.M.
Mechanism of the formation of int,-rnal hot cracks In F, ~,ort:n,,OLO
rect-angulur ingot. 17V. vys. ucheb. zav.; cher-ri. met. P nu.'i:4ti-"
165. (MIRA
1. Novotul'sAy meta I I urgi chesxy zavod.

Y A% cyal). I., cIV !-r-, J?~ I," A
red ~L:.' A. ZA- y e y
KAPUS-T P, Y e A. rt-d KO, *HC K. DR A.
rod LAF ITSKIY V . I red I.-, I s red UYKO' I
G.j,' red LPTNE" . V . A roll 11?6~ 11. 1 red
FILI PT M , I , rou .
~,eo r-y anc: ~: a c p " t hi, i n' r.. I i -T. p ss
in converter, Rr.c j o n- r.e a r na P ~1 it nn
lecirita i rrakt lk.1t 'n*er,.,t"k1~tqii i :-c o,lv
rakh i jrnrtenovskiki. joclaiki.; Im-ly. I' i v it Po I i, , I
1965. ~52p. V ',:,A :~:
1. M1ezhv-ii-,nvqko;,- nnuchu,oy, -,ove. ic "t," 14,
Fri..ktike
Leno-iskik er:akh. i v
r F i I o v 3 Z ti i, uV f- k i y a 1 wr-,- i i n.,3,
r o r Ka p u s I. i r, , 1. it 5 i~ 0 , I K YU c- i, o k i T i t u t
(for

OY*KS `A, A.; S A
r ..jk'
F. A'. .07 V
1.1 '- 3 o 7 -0-.. n,* i - rlr s

muni, L.%'.1 Oyk"~; (J.N.
F-cr,ar,,-r,m of the cyda.-',jri cf ',mptirltlc-s in a e!onvc-rtt-r b6~~.
I
Izv. V)':3. X-rleb. zav.; -h-rn. rn.--t. F no.9:61--68 '~5.
(M7-H, -18:9)
1 . M-)BkoVlir--'y ' n9 t,' -,It 9 ~al 1 : sp, --IV( V .

CYKS, G.N a ;.JOY. )1XV, G. A.; 1.M.1 I'Enj CV, V.K. ; ZUBARIEN, A.G.;
V:Y.A:~H!N, F.70
Treat-men'. of 11-lLirl trann"ci-mer ntoal In the ladle. 3tall
145 no.9:711-7,15 Ag 165o ~M.,-"-A 10,q)

OYKS, G,,N,,..-kand. tekhn. nauk; SOROKIN, A.A.; KAPUSTIN, 1.V.; TSYKIN, L.V.;
BORODIN, [.I.; KU7SENKO, A.L.; PdKHITS,G.N.; ZAGREBA, A.V.;
UL'YANOV, L.P.; TFUSETEN, A.I.
Trends In the reorganizatlon of the Bessemer furnace
department at the I)zerzhlnskil Plant. Met. I gornorud.
prom. no.3:29-30 My-Je '64. (KlRA 17110)

BORODIN, [).I.; GYK.5, !J, N.b T~iYK:N, ,.V. , KAP US TIN, I IV.
Measuring It q omp-fralure rl' ",up gases In a bp9semer corverter .
lzv. v-ys. uc~pt. zav. ; horn. mpt. " no.11 :71-74 164 1
(MIRA 17tl2'
I . Mo3k,~v skll y ' n s I ' !- u!- s '-a 1 1, 1 spl, a vo v.

OYKS, G.N.; 1DOZEV K.
&ulf'ur rxldation in an o yger.-Llo~,m caverter pr,.coss. Irv.
jr
7yo. uchob. zav.; ahem. met. I no.7159--62 164 (KIRA 171F-)
1. Moskovskly inctitut atall i nTlavov.

BORODIN, D.I.; OYKS'. G.N., KAPUSTIN, :.V.; tSTKIN, L.V.
Election, f~~y ,-3h and d,;.-'ng the bottom b'Dwing
a -
of metal In -cnverters. 'Zv. 7ys. ucrieb. zav.; chern. met. "
no. 9 1 5b--~-- 'f- 4' . (KIRA 17:6)
1. MoqKovskly 'ns~'-tu' I sp-av-v.

~, , 1* M, :. , , 1: " * I f. . . - -- z - : . ~, ',-, 7- , ! ~ - v< *. , , - I ;
c H.,i'. ' :-,)r,. . ~' v . V-,, R . ,),- ~lc- b. 1~11 V. , - ~,, -- . -!. . . "
I. -~ . j, R- 1, 1. '.. : V , .
.- . ~, p '. - - ~ .

FATKULLIN, C. Kh. ; CIYKS , G. N. ; ANSITELES , I. I.
Testing on a test stand the method of circ~lritirr vEL-- .
of liquid steel. Izv. vys.ucheb.zav.; chern.met.'l no.
164. (M I F-A Y? : ,
1. Moskovskiy institut stall i splavov.

GANYJNp V.B.; SLIVUHANSUYA, V.V.; IMKJVICHO GJL; OYKS) (,.Ii.
Primary structure of a c ntinuous ingot of rimmed steel. Izv.
vys. uchabo zav.; chern. met. 6 no.9:62-b7 '63. (KLRA 16:11)
1. TSentrallnyy nauchno-isaledovatellakly institut chernoy m~tal-
lurgii i liDskovskiy institut st&li i splavov.

LOOZE, K.; OYKS, G.N.
Sulfur oxidation in the acid converter process. Izv. rya. tr-heb
zav.; chern. met. 6 no.7t7O-75 163. (?URA 16;,4)
1. Moskovskiy institut atall I splavov.
(Bessemer process) (Desulfuration)

1-~
17RUBIE, Konstantin Georgiyevich, prof., doktor tekhn. nauk;
GYKS, Grigoriy NauiLevich, Trof., doktor tekkir.. nauk
jMetallurgy of steel; tne open-hearth process, techno-
logical part)Metallur.giia s~_ali; martanovskii protsess,
chast' I_ekhro1og1Lhcjsktiia. lzl.3., porer. i dop. Mo-
skva, Izd-vo metailurgila, 1(4,4. 770 p. (MIRA 17:6)