SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT MERYANOVA, V. L. - MERZHANOV, A. G.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001033620005-1
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: January 3, 2017
• Document Release Date: June 21, 2000
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

I.IEIIY, J.
'nary, J. Normative calculation in the Szombathely Leather and Shoe Factory.
I P. 34.
Vol. 10, No. 10, Oct- 1956.
TOH:-.TERKELES
TE CHNOLO GY
Budapest, Hungary
So: East Euronean Accession, Vol. 6, No. 2, ieb. 1957

MERIYANOVA, V.L., mladshiy nauchnyy sotrudnik
Physical development of children in nurseries In Rovtov--on-Don.
Vop.okh.mat.i det. 7 no.8:66-69 Ag 162. (MIRA 15:9)
1. Iz lostovskogo-na-Donu nauchno-issledovatellskogo instituta
akusherstva I pediatrii (dir. - kand-,med.nauk F.S.Baranovskaya,
zav. organizatsionno-metodicheskim sektorom - kand.med.nauk.
A.A.Perelygina).
(ROSTOV-ON-DON-CHILDREN-GROWTH)

1469. Pisrolleatton of glass sands bY flat4flon Itrula HFAI
'11BRYT114,4, VA, V.,rj34!;sljKoV arlis I . YA, ~40N "-S f5yek. Xeralls" 0 0;
-TmftW11ffffC TIMMMM givall Oft the Ru M (Fee .4 Or.
1167, 19501. The proct-is. indlidmi 3 simultaneous c4m,ratlans: datatiall. removsl
of the Fe'hydroxicip filris antl w3h1ling. The InMt- HIlit.'41411 MigVnti Sri!; - rAW
sulphatenoap (alkalis rcralculated as NasO, 0,41,1); acids, 70-7'/',,, Including 32-42%
fatty acids, 33-5311/, resin acicls, 6,11/10' oxyncids, and 6-101,110 unsaponifiablo
adds). 1-021 ,I" subs.tatims insultibto in other and 1,16%, of mechanical admixtures.
I kg, of this snap is ncedcd for I t. of santi, and caGric-d Roda in thet;J11111tity of
3 kg/t. ,rhe proportion of tile solid and Iiijaid lit tile slurry is I : 1-5, le temp, of
tile water -T18-20' C. anJ PH 7-0-7-2. The ibimtimi of tile prmcs3 varies from
15 to (30 mill, dviienditig on the flow-shcet. The r(Atiction of Ile oxide.4 was: for
an initial coattint of 0-03-0-051111- 3911,1,, (varying rom 28 to 501%j, Pir
62% (33-78"',), fiir 0-2-0-57 0",, 61 %', (40-90'!j',). The bulk of tli~ ilillid purified con-
tains of Fv Oxid". It was folind that the vilectivelless of tile nwillod
Nvas clifl(.-rcnt with difiervat glass sands, the Itmest limit of Fe oxille refloctioll builig
reached with tile sands that had a cmisidt-rable, content of (0spari (mily 241-64111,', oil
tile initial content). Thc impitritit-i in tiands. containing Fe oxides are Ciassifiled as
clayadmixturcs, heavy minumis, I.-c hydr,,xidu films, light inhierals (fi-1,par, Wotite,
glaticnilite, etc.). and llwhl~wwl ill th- piartz graiil,. 'I 1w nint1wil ilt-siribeil
removcs only tlj(, Fir-A 3 (chv, film, mid heavil millcral't. In 01'. , LCY impliritit-q
thcre is of th~: t,,tal Colitclit ,f Ft. )Nidv~ (all avvi-a"V of f,,r '-,(I 101"um
firposits invu'ligai,A), ill ill,- lllllwral.~ 0 Sli", ill 1111- 111111,
0-530,11) (average 22",), i,: light Aw,ii- and m,;d, 11w grmn
9-541;,', (;Lvcrag~- 35',',j. 1 hu- highc5t omt,tit ,( light mh~ oc admlvtu I e%
S fulu'd i n t Saild I %V Ill a 11 Ig I i A 110 1 co ri ti: ii t. LtN i ~iL Ill IS a r t: fu i i firi c Lism I t r( I

MW, Martan.
Illumination and its relation, to visual fatigue. VWomoscl lek.
7 no.4:261-264 Apr. 54.
(VISION,
fatigue. off. of Illumination)
(ILLUMINATION,
in visual fatigue)

EXCERPTA 'e'MDICA Sec.14 Vol.11/12 Radiology Irov 57.
1918 MERZ M Warszawa. *Izotopy * okulistyce. Isotopes in ophthalmo-
'ii-j~114.0CMA 1957, 27/1 (63-72) Graphs I Iltus. 3
A general review of the problem based an the literature. Their use for diagnostic
purposes is discussed and also the possibility of their use in treatment. Exact de-
scription of the methods is presented with special reference to their efficacy in
neoplasms on the surface of the eye and the lids, in conjunctivitis vernalis. and
the anterior part of the eye. in vascularization of the cornea, and keratitts. The
possibility of complications. even serious ones, is stressed. The author suggests
a greater development of this matter in the future.
Szmyt - Lddt (XII. 14)

MIRZ
The eye & the hypothalamus-hYPOPhYsial system- Klin- oczna 27 no.4:
629-636 1957.
(M. Dhys 10 1.
relation to hynothalamo-hypophysial system (Pol))
(H'YPOTHAIAKM, nhysiol.
relation of hypothalamo-hypophysial system to eye (Pol))
(PITUITARY GLM, physiol.
same (Pol))

I W, -N
JEDRZEJOWSKA, Hanna; SOBKOWICZ, Hanna; MERZ, Marian
An atypic case of Hallervorden-Spatz disease. Neurol neurochir
psych 12 no.6:829-837 N-D 162.
1. Klinika Neurologiczna, Akademia Medyczna, Warszawa. Kierownik:
prof. dr med. I. Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz...-i Klinika Okulistycsnr-.,
Akademia 14odyczna, Warszawa. Kierownikl~prof. dr med. S.
Altenberger.
RN

-1
MERZ, Marian; PIOTROWSKI, Aleksander
Dicumarin cwpounds in retinal pigmentary degeneration treatment.
oczna 32 no.3:239-244 162.
1. Z Kliniki Okulistycznej A14 w Warszavie Kierownik: prof. dr mod.
S. Altenberger.
(BISHYDROXYCOUMARIN) (RETINITIS PIGMEITTOSA)

'POLAND
MERZ, Marian and LAINCUCK1, Jan, Second Central Clinical Hos-
pital (2 Contralny Szpital Kliniczny), WIMM rWo.jskowa Akade-
L
mia Medyczna, Military Medical Academy] (Diroctori Dr. mod.
M. MERZ) and the Clinic of Dornifitaloey (Klirillca Dormatolo-
giczna), AM [ARadomla 11odyczna, Modical Academy] in Warsaw
(Directort Prof, Dr. mod. S. JAL-3LDITSKA)
"Cataract in the Course of Pruriro.. RaDo r r n f I;i rq qa;7 - fl
Warsaw, Polski Tygodnilc Lolkarskl, Vol 18, No 24, 10 Jun 63,
PP 857-861
Abstractj [Authors" English siimmary modified] Authors do-
scribe six cases of prurigo with cataract appoaring in five
of them. They discuss and review tho liLerature of the mor-
phology, pathogenosts, and treatment of this disease. They
suggest that the disoaso is probably more frequont than re-
ported, and that the first lonuicular changes are probably
related to puberty, As prurigo improves, ';he cataract be-
comes stationary, or ruay even rogress, There are 29 refer-
ences, of which ono (1) is Polish, two (2) Fronoh, six (6)
German, and the others in En&llsh.
Li/ 1
MM Marian Kjjn~ oczna 33
in tk-e ant,,jor chamber of the eye.
L)rejashes
n0.1:69-72 963. cznaj AM W Wargzawie Kierovnik% prof. dr
1, Z Kl-tniki OkulistY
mod. S. Altenberger. (EYE FOREIGN BODIES)
(EYELASHES
(AQUEOUS HUMOR)

HLNTZ, Regina; MEP-7, IMArlan
Con4unctival vessels diab4--te2- :,~i. ar-zh. mied. wevnet.
0
noolM1323-1327 164
1. Z III Kliniki Chorob Wewnetrzrych A-kademii Vie c zr. 9
Varszawia (Kierownik- prof. dr. med. 7. KodejszM 1 21
.rzychodni Okulistyc2:nej 11 Centralnego ~zpltala Iv.'cliskoweli
A'kademil Medycznej w 1-cjdzl, (Kierownik: dr. m,,--id. 14. Merx).

VFRZ, Marian
Studies on Lhe benavior c;-' gases in *~he antericr chamt~er cf
the eye in the rabbit, Kiln, oczna 34 no~ 3.321-32b 164.
1. Z Zakladu Patologii Doswiadczalnej PAN w Varszawie (peln.
obowiazki Kierownika; proF. dr med, .",RuSzczewski).

L Prcducinj-. oxice ccatirFs on t~e. sk rl'ace ci
mriter iron. P. 24".
o 5 Ix. 7/8, ~,:~,,//A 19
P.?Z-UAD ODLEWNCTUA
M C LOGY
y.-akcw, Poland
So: Last hurcceon Accessifn, c1. ', c. I , ,%ay

-Hem, J. Vintroductlon de la diffirentiation absolue
dwis v1space Ift. Publ. Math. Debrecen 5 (1958). 330-
337. "
It is shown how the covariant derivative of a vector on q
a surface in a flat unimodular affine three spac'e_-c-a--n-beN
obtained by projecting the derivative of the three di-
mensional vector on the tangent plane parallel to the
affine normal. In the case of homogeneous affinities the
projection is not parallel to the affine normal but to the
i, position vector. D. 1. Struik (Cambridge. Mass.)
4

MERZA) J. (Debrecen)
A-ffine trihedrals associated to curTes. Annalea Fol math
15 no.3:217-.231 964.

i'E;"ZI~', , I . ~)P-brL~ )
s o: f -. if! , ~ r! , . , . - , - - !:, -,:- - r-. - :, : , * -, :-/, " :* - - - - 5 .
Aj I T" n t e -~ ~ '~ :..: ~ ~ !. 11" !1. . ~ : 1 ".~ I Pl-

Rev characterization of the affim geodetic curvature of
surface atzveso Hat kozl WA 13 no,,2*..U9-14 063o

WL: 1801-1(6.-'~,- -'M
. .......................
:ACCESSION NWAP5019522 UR/0244165/024/004/9076/0078:
J 41" 613. 289. 6+612. 664. 0!636. 293, 2
'Merzametov, M., M.
AUTHOR:,
(Leningrad)
TITLM Buffalo, milk, a valuable nutrient
SOURC& Voprosy pitaniya, v. 24, no. 4, 1965, 76-78
TOPIC TAGS: processed animal product, animal product, food product, animal
ihusbandry
ABSTRACT: The chemical- composition of buffalo milk and milk lipids was studied
on samples obtained from a kolkhoz farm in the Dagestan ASSR in the winter of
.1963. The following findin rted- fat content 8. 1%; total protein 4. 3116;
gs are repo
casein 3. 676; lactose 4. 9%; phosphorus 0. 120/6, calcium 0. 18% and dry solids 18. 110.
IContent of polyunsaturated fatty acids in 7 samples was as fo ows: 1. 5-1. 7
linol ic, 0-53-wO. 58 If* d 0.49-0.20% arachidonic acid. Themi
e nolenic an W. was
white, Indicating the absence of carot-ne, The transcaucasian po p0ation uses
t-hismilk as is or in processed products. Considering that buffaloes are rather
-the above findings, the author
resistant to a number of diseases and in view of
IC~trd :1/2

J '7 "vr , .. .I ...:: I.; -
t
Dallmu [cows and,
-Brihtat
Sit. "I av
peo
MO., MO.
Win. Ails
I
audAlesel were ound to he eqtiatly effective
tugo
otars' for it CuO cmtalyst in the hydrolevatiock of acetone
VIENUOID
itrary to ZuO which wu much less
atm. and 160% Cal
t
C110.
iffective. Raney 4. Proved to be far few active than
0 was a better catalyst %Then
irlately. Cul
n with Nlj4Qgj
m'~Witb us& 04 tha

SLONICAR, Ivan, inz.; DERZEL, Marijan2 inza
Natural gas and petroleum products as raw materials for the
production of carbon black. Nafta Jug 13 no.11/12:312-316
" s62.
1. 'S%tan*,, Nutina.

HMPT., Marijan, inz.; SLAPNICAR, Ivan, inz,
Producti properties, and application of carbon black in
rubber i2stry. Tehnika Jug 17 no.10: Suppl.: Hemindustrija
16 no.10.-1971-1976 0 162.
1. Keaijska industrija *Metan*, Kutina.

SIAPI1TCAq, Ivan, inz.; M:FRZEL ~iar--'Janl 'irnz.
Gas and derivatives of pet-c7.e,,=- as raw materials for
the production of carbor, b-lack. Nafta -Tug 13 no. !1/12:
3U-316 N-D 16-1.
1, "Metan" , "'iAina.

ACC NR: AP700.1400 SOURCE CODE: uR/04l3/66/000/021/u070-/G0']6
I,WENTOR: Smirnov, V. V.; Fomin, Yu. V.; Sud'in, A. P.; Merzenev, 14. D.
ORG: none
TITLE: Arc welding attachment. Class 21, No. 187905
SOURCE: Izobreteniya, promyshlennyye obraztsy, tovarnyye znaki, no. 21, 1966, 76
TOPIC TAGS: arc welding, arc length, automatic arc length control
ABSTRACT: This Author Certificate introduces an attachment for arc welding which
includes a welding head and a copying device. To ensure a stable arc length and
to improve the welding quality, the welding head carries an additional argon nozzle
and is connected to a membrane actuator. The argon jet from the additional nozzle
Fig. 1. Welding attachment
I - ~1-mbrane actuator; 2 - welding torch;
3 - nozzle; 4 - argon jet.
Card 1/2 UDC: 621.791.753.39.03

ACCj~R, AP700
serves as the copying device. The change of jet pressure caused by the change ia the'
arc 'Length activates the membrane actuator and controls the arc length (see Fig. 1).
Orig. art. has: 1 figures
SUB CODE: 13 SUBM DATE: 02Apr65/ ATD PRESS: 5111
LCqrd 2 2

V .
,-.EA-EAXOV, I-Aron Tarashovich.
The manufsctur~- of railroad cers. Mosk-va, %~Psh2;iz, 1~4P-. 49c T- .

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11y), Vtfx.-M~r st Visotfadcrstvo S.S.S. R. 0, No. I I T.1,
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wire for C03 At tempti. 1, und t,, rr~jy_ K & A ct~tiou fate.
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on t1W qUAIjjy Of the SfWkjing Wine proi=~A WA3 ~Wtll"!
AM M- reAult. are li~h
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WMWIAN, A. A.
20808. Merzhanian A. A. Ob igristykh svoistvakh shampanskikh vin. ( Sokr. tekst
kand. dissertataiij. Trudy Krasnodarsk. in-ta pishch. prom-sti, vyp. 3. 1948, s.23-82.
--Bibliogr. 15 nazv.
SO: LETOPIS ZHUFOIAL STATEY - Vol. 28, Moskva, 1949.

~ERZHANIAN, A. A.
20810. Morzhanian, A. A. i Kozeako, Ye. M. Samopishuschiy pribov dlya sb"yektivnoy
atsenki igristykh svoystv shampanskikh vin. Trudy Krasnodarek. in-ta pishch.
From-sti, vYPP 3, 1948, s. 117-23.
SO: LETOPIS ZHURNAL STATEY - Vol. 28, Moskva, 1949.

r~~k -- MR iv ~, i,ag~ zf ~.6~ g4
YmI
'~7
WMHANIA14 A. A.
20809. Iferzhaniang A. A. i Kozenko, Ye. M. K metodike kolichestrennogo opredeleniya
svyazannoy uglekisloty v igristykh vinakh. Trudy Krasnodarsk. in-ta pishch. prom-sti,
vyp. 3, 1948, s. 149-54.
SO. LETOPIS ZHUMIAL STATEY - Vol. 28, Pbskva, 1949.

M, IIZHAN LVI 9 A. A.
20807. Merzhanian, A. A. 0 zavisimosti davleniya shampanskogo ot temperatury.
Trudy Krasnodarsk. in-ta pishch. prom-sti, vYP- 3v 19480 a. 155-63.
SO: LETOPIS ZHURNAL STATEY - Vol. 28, ~bskva, 1949.

'i I .' A. ~.~e
6 !L

IZHANIAN. A.A.; KOZFNKO, E.H.
The determination of combined carbon dioxide in wine. Vinodelis i
Vinogradarstvo S.S.S.R. 9, No-10, 30-3 '49. (XLRA 2:9)
(CA 47 no.14:7155 153)
1. Inat. Mahrimgamittelind., Krasnodar.

l-arboa dioside ab"V,= coaftient (or wl". A. A
K044411 0 10.
XX abiloirptiort cocil. and cortf. td
C(N drsorpttm capacity d witte depend only on its ale.
and sufa conteat &M do not chance with est. content.
A simple equation for calen. in champagne it: a &J/v.
where a in the absorption coeff.. IndicatilaS the amt. of C09
to kg. absorbed by a *Mie at given C t P.
couT prellaule
inthr.01clanufacclaq.tri.audatad, =IJ90 em
of t he CAA over the wive and thAt dissolved In tbA wine equal
to I i I gi t.; b is an ctupirkgJ constant depeadins (wt ale. A rid
Suc" content of the wine. dctd. grAplitc-Ally tritm Atith-ltv"
~Cxpql. data - .1 1- the l,wff. 4 Oh-MI'li'm C041kirity of Ille
wilm f.W ZX~ (C(-. jailles n( Kiw1wriga ami ka,,hicin o4l,
1040. N.. 31-12) -n.1 , 1. the ~j~uy 4 the Wme in -
t1twliwo at the expil. temp. If. Otfield

Itte WATW of diethyl Met$ of Pytocalboatc COG us
qwItling and gasified wines. A-A-AlegthAttion (Kra~no-
dar Inst. De~craar Ind..). Via,%kiie j Vjavrada,jtr~
S,S~S.R. 11, No. 3. describes an in-
vestication on the effect of the ethyl enter of cWbonic Xcid
ou the CO~ cmi"ion and the sparkling qualities of charn-
pagnt,andga,%ifie4whics. Expis. wrrerarried out in which
the diethyl c-ster of pyrocarbonic " (1) was introduced
in:o dry white wine at a coacn. (31 M-6-102-4 Mg. per 100
ml. %-herr nochampagnization or gasification waspresent.
the added I was converted in yield of 91% to CO, and
Etoll. In vgpt , where the wine was ga.Fified to 1.25 atin
ad,ju of I in these concrts. raised the prmv-ar to 2-2NI alm
in3days- liieithrrwincKaiiiiedto35xtm.ocinettamp4s-
nized wine, addn. of I did not increase the free CO, premurr,
but increased th~- amt. of combined M It is concluded
that the amt of I remaining in the unh!rdrolyzed state after
addn. to dry wines is a function of the C01 pfructre Ad4n.
of I to ra'itivd Lind vhan'J'agul."t it. J'Ackling
qualily And n~ ~tyvv---- S (t.,111wh

M.

Item during WflLPg. A. A-
The champapu pres-sure sY!

1. No. the
7,
equation, p k + (P.-k) 11. .1wtv p pressure of C(h
al)ovc tliv. wineat t 1wi. ufter Irughistiije, of me process; P,
ociginal prct"urc;, wid k undc devch,fluz on tie
-ervair, it wLLS
winu compli. alkl theparmirtur of thc rt

was folvered to the in tije re.,crvnir can be
lowerell to -.5atill. ivitImut arit-Cling (1,v x(mcas. of free
and )Yglud CO (if the prothl'-f this Ilic entire

~tMMIYA111, A, A.
Champagne (Wine)
Theory of making champagne 'fin. 39SR 12 No. 2, 1952.
Monthl List of Russian Accessions, Library of Congrosn, June 1952 MIGIASSIFIED.

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n
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h f

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A.;A.
'wit (fall. r4fx[ Ind" KrAssaul4r). Wnu-,
ag t.WwArdifesn" s3s.R. il. MO.
'
l
no
u An givia fail tit
q olcu. nkwrv- wilts .01
Jw
h
WO.z w 114h on d!c. lormcmatfort wilt yj;:1d m pNdilct of~
A-, simurl, 1160tyt IWMIU'Lt, atud flAvar.
14-
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q
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771
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1

Ph, Ccl~t" !A, f, 10'-5 11
t1-;(-- c:r"! c

i CO-
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:
1
~-
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ording t~l th. qts~itlon; a
rcc:-
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sm ME

M, ZRANIAN.A.A.; BICHUK,H.Ye.
A--- ~~-
Calculation of ingredients for preparing tiraga and sweetening
liquears. Vin.$SSR 15 no-3:55-57 '55. (HIBA 8:8)
1. Krasnodarskiy institut pishchevoy promyshlennosti (for
Kerzhanian). 2. Leningradakiy zavod sbuempanskikh vin (for Bichuk'~
(Wine and wine making)

UIESR / Microbiology. Technical Microbiology. F-3
,~bs Jour: Ref Zhur-Biol., No 16, 195a, 72G20.
AILuthor : lderzhanian, Kozenko, Ye. M.
Inst : Krasnoa_ar_7-n�`t-iTute of Food Industry.
Title On the j,.b3orption o-.'L' Carbon Dioxide by Yeabt
Deposits in ~.,v'ine.
Orig Pub: Tr. Krasnodarsk. In-ta pishch. prom-sti, 1957,
vyp. 9, 51-54.
."bstract: 7iines which contain yeast cells absorb more CO 2
by means of adsorption of gas on the surfacc
of the yeast cells than wines vhich hcva be,n
filtered from yeast. Powdered yeasts possess
more adsorption capacity than whole yeRsts.
The amount of CO 2 adsorption in yeas-.s ,vi-Un de-
termined content of deposits is permanent: for
powdered yeasts it equals 0.1 g/g, and for whole
yeasts - 0.0006 g/g.
Card 1/1
22

I
,TRZEIANIAN, A.A.
M-R99 transfer enefficient fOr C02 during the "spRrkling" of
champagne. Izv. vys- ucbeb. Zav.; pishch. tekh. no-3:59-63
158. NIRA 11-9)
1. Krasnolarnkiy instittit Dishchevoy proqrshlennosti. Kafedra
tekhnologii. vinodeliya.
(Champtw,ne (wine))

MRRZHMiIMI, A.A.; CH&UPAUNA, N.F.
Stability of monodisparse wine f0ac'. Izv.vys.uchcb.zav.;
pishch.takh. no.6:80-87 159- (14MA 13:5)
1. Kruanodarskiy inst1tut pishchovoy promyshlennosti. Kafedra
taklinologii vinodoliya.
(wine and wine making) (Yeam)

MERMANIAN, A.A.
Investigation into the phenomena occuring on the surface of
sparkling wines after the discontinuance of airtightness in the
system wine - C02. Trudy KIPP no.22a6l-.8? 161. (MIRA 16:4)
(Champagne (Wine)) (Foam)
- - - - '- ~; i ~- -- ~ - f;; ,-I --
I - 6 -, ii ~ - . ~I -

MERZEANIAN,_A.A.
Absorption of gases through the wine surface coated with an
. 10
0417 film. Trudy KIPP no.22888-94 161. (MIRA 1624)
(Wine and winemaking)

MERZHANIAN, A,A,
Changes occurring in the physicocheadcal characteristics of the
wine during bulk champagnizing. Trudy KIPP no.22195-104 161.
(MIRA 16:4)
(Champagne (Wine))

MERZHANIAN, A.A.; XIBKO, L.A.~ KLIONER, M.I.
Studying the process of yeast reproduction as applicable to the
conditions of continuous champagnization. Trudy KIPP no.22.-105-
IL10 161. (MIRA 16.4)
(Champagne (Wine)) (Thast)

WMHANIAN, A.A.
Surface tension of wine. Izv, vys, ucheb, zavo; pishch. tekh.
no.2.-99-102 163* (MMA 16:5)
1. Krasnodarskiy institut pishchevoy prom7shlennosti, kafedra
tekhnologii vinodeliya.
(Vim and wine making-Analysis)

HERMANIAN, A.A.
Factors of accurnilati,n of combined carbon dioxide in cham-pagne wiae.
Biekhim. vin. no.7-.148-163 163. OKIRA 16:4)
1. Krasnodarskiy institut ishchevoy promyshlennosti.
(Chappagne (Wine)5 (Carbon dioxide)

Du b ov i t sk F. 1. F30,11, o- I
rzhar a v , A.
iy,
j TT 7" Th- 'tia-si-Stead Taken by Explosion Peactions
t~-Ulovoy rt-z*,lim protekaniya vzryvry'r-1,
ak ts
~-"R TODI~AL Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1950t Vol- 12o, Nr
013C'*:~)
AICTRACT: Fir~,,t the unteady 3ystem of equations describing a thermac
ex.-An.-ion and the pertinent initial conditions are Fiv'-~!n.
au'-ors study, without loosing the general character
o~ th,.. final conclusions, the most simple type of a self
-rit;n- reaction, that is to say the auto-catalytic re-
ar!tian o" t.irst order: IY(j) = 01 + I,)(' -I ), "'here 10
~enoteo the criterion of autocatalicity, this ouantity heing
.09sically Fmall. (1o-1 - 10-3). The quasi-steady system of
equations is vrritten down. Only in a certain interval above
ti- boundary of the explosion the reaction proceeds still in
a -!ua~!:-steadv manner. The expressions resulting from the
co'ut4on of tn- 3ystem of equations for the critical condi-
I/ tj,~ni o,-.' th.~ depth oF the preliminary reaction, for the

The ~liasi-Stead.y Course Taker. by Explosion Reactions SOV/2o-120-5-39/67
7~f-riod c` induction, for the period of indiiction above tne
hr,undary of nd t'or the course of the reaction
"'lith tire are aritten dovni. The quasi-steady behovior ct:n
be, conqi-lered ra. c--se of the non-isothermal course
of t.hts reartion. In self-accelerating reactions it occurs
uven above the Ioundary of explosi6jri. The width of the domain
of' the preliminary reaction of the explosion Is dependent
UP,-)n the degree of ~;elf accelerat ~on. In reactions with nor-
Mal kir,,2~ ic;l the react4 on is auas:~i-!~teady only beiow the
bound,~irli o~ t~~e c:xr)losion after the maximum of h9a+in1g.
formul.a is -iven for estimating the periorl of induction. -he
a:ithn_- t-,ank for valuable E!uagestiona made by 'I. N.
r,cadem,,, of Sciences,- USSR, and by Ya. B. ZePdov_~,_h,
C,.)rreliponding Yember, Academy of Sciences, US';R. There are
figures and 4 references, 4 of which are Soviet.
119 S PNT 1' D Februar:[ 3, ~56, by V. 1H. Kondratlyev, Member, Acp_lemy o4'
C.ard 2

AUTHORS: Barzykin, V. V., Merzhanov. A-- . SOV/2o-12o-6-29/59
'TITLE, A Boundary Problem in Thermal Explosion Theory (Krayeva.--,a
v teorii teplovogo vzryva)
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1958, Vol 12o, 11r 6,
pp 1271 - 1273 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In this paper thermal explosions of substanceq in the condensed
phase are considered. In such processes the temperature on the
boundary between the substance and the surrounding medium can
remain constant only under definite experimental conditions
Ordinarily the heat exchange across the boundary is more ccm-
plicated, The heat liberated in the reaction causes a combustion
of the nearest layers of the surrounding medium., Thus the
temperature of the medium deviates from the temperature at
Infinity. This paper Is a study of the critical conditions of
the thermal explosion with a heat exchange as mentioned above
The respective boundary conditions are given first. The equation
of steady heat conduction and the boundary conditions read as
Card 1/3 follows:

A Boundary Problem in Thermal Explosion Theory SOV/2o-12o-6-29/59
d2o m dO r G at 1, ( d 19 -Bi6
d 52 ' dT Oe d ~ S'
m=O for an infinite plane parallel slab, m-1 for an infinite
cylinder, and m=2 for a spherical domain. The Frank Kamenetskiy
criterion ~' is a function of the criterion Bi - ar/,k on the
boundary of the explosion. If Bi oa and 0 Q ---~ 0 the problem
is reduced to that of Frank--Kamenetskiy, By varying BI from 0-0
to 0 all possible cases of heat exchange are taken account of,
from an ideal heat exchange to the case of no heat exchange
(adiabatic case)~ The authors determine the steady temperature
distribution and the critical conditions for the domains
mentioned above. The case of an infinite cylindrical domain
can be solved analytically all the way through. Expressions
for the critical condition and for their distribution on the
boundary of the explosion are given. No general integral has
hitherto been found for the spherical problem ' It possibly
does not exist at all, The critical dependence ~-(Bi) can
also be determined by an approximation method within the frame
Card 2/3 work of unsteady theory. A corresponding formula Is given-

A Boundary Problem in Thermal Explosion Theory SOV/2o-12o-6-29/59
There are 3 references, 2 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Institut khimicheskoy fiziki Akademii nauk SSSR (Institute of
Chemical Physics,AS USSR)
PRESENTED: February 26, 19589 by V. N. Kondratlyev, Member, Academy of
Sciences, USSR
SUBMITTED- February 24, 1958
1. Explosions--Analysis 2. Explosions--Heat transfer 3. Matt'_-
matics--Applications
Card 3/3

2(1), 5(4) SOV/20-121-4-26,'5,!
AUTHORS: Dubovitskiy, F. I., Manelis, G. B., Merzhanov, A. G.
TITLE; The Formal-Kinetic Laws of the Thermal Decomuositi-on of Ex-
plosive Substances in the Liquid Phase (Forr.-allno-kineti-
cheskiye zakonomernosti termic"rieskogo razlozheniya vzryvchat-
ykh veshchestv v zhidkoy faze)
pp _"70
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, Vol 121, Nr 4, C uf
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: The investigation discussed in this paper takes into account
also the variation of volume. In the overwhelming majority
of cases the volume practically does not vary if two or more
components are interchanged. In the first approximation it
may therefore be assumed that the voliime of the condensed
phase is an additive function of the volumes of the non-re-
acted substance and of the condensed remainder. The volume
of the liquid phase may be considered to be a linear func-
tion of the "degree of conversion" (glubina prevrashcheniya'/.
If the volume is variable, the reaction of the nth order
Card 1/3 satisfies the equation

SOV/2o-121-4-26/54
The Formal-Kinetic Laws of the Thermal DecomDosition of Explosive Sub8tances
in the Liquid Phase
d,j/dt = k - (1 _-,)n/(, _ ,)n-1. A denotes the depth of the
variation for a total decomposition. This reaction is reduced
to the equPtion of a simple monomolecular reaction if the
variation of the volume by the decomposition is sufficiently
hiah. This implies that the reactions of the first order
may proceed according to the monomolecular law and also ac-
cording to the bimolecular law. Also the taking into account
of the volume by the autocatalysis (which is caused by t:ie
final condensed products of decomposition) modifies the char-
acter of the kinetic curves. This case corresDonds to the
kinetic equation dVdt - kl(l --I)+(k 2cz(1-11)
where a denotes the share of the catalyzer in the condensed
remainder. For 4 - 0, the last equation is reduced to tne
classical equation of autocatalysis. A diagram shows the
calculated dependence of the reaction velocity on the dei)th
of conversion for various values of ~. The maximal velocity
and the corresponding depth of conversion _qmaximum de~_;end
in a high degree on the value of p. A formula for 11,nax '-
Card 2/3 given. The eXT)erimental data found by the decomposition of

SOV/2o-121-4-1-16/54
The Formal-Ki.netic Laws oi' the Thermal Decom-posit4on o" Explo~,ive S,.:`--ances
in the Liquid Phase
various substances in the liquid phase may be lescr-~bei su*.-
ficiently well by the equations deduced in thio paper. There
are 3 figures and 3 references, 2 of which are Soviet.
PRESEYPED: April 4, 1956, by V. TI. Kondratlyev, Academician
SUBMITTED: March 8, 1950
Carl 3/3

2(5) SOV/20-124-2-34/71
AUTHORS; Morzhanov, A. G., Dubovitakiy, F. I.
TITLE: On the Theory of the Thermal Explosion of Condensed Explosives
(0 teorii teplovogo vzryva kondensirovannykh vv)
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk 33SR, 1959, Vol 124, Nr 2, pp 362-365
(USSR)
ABSTRACT; The authors first give a report on several previous papers
dealing with this subject. The present paper deals with a more
general theory which takes into account the removal of a part
of the reaction products from the reaction volume. According
to this theory for liquid explosives, all the main characteris-
tics of the thermal explosion can be calculated: the critical
condition, the depth of pre-explosion decomposition, and the
period of induction. The removal of the gaseous products from
the reaction volume is assumed to be a quasi-equilibrium pro-
cess; this assumption is justified in the case of low rates of
gas liberation. An expresaion is given for the rate of con-
ductive heat transfer. The authors then give the system of
equations for the thermal explosion. The removal of the gaseous
Card 1/2 product exercises a considerable influence upon the thermal ex-
- ------------------
~ 0

SOV120-124-2-34171
On the Theory of the Thermal Explosion of Condensed Explosives
plosion if the depth of the explosion reaction is comparatively
great. The authors then investigate the simplest case among
such reactions, viz. the autocatalytic reactions of the first
order. Some characteristics of the thermal explosion can be
calculated according to the steady theory of Frank-Kamenetskiy.
Finally, the equation of thermal balance is given for the con-
vective heat transfer. The expressions for the characteristics
of thermal explosion can be deduced from the solution of a
quasi-steady system. A diagram shows the results of some cal-
culations. There are 1 figure and 5 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: Institut khimicheskoy fiziki Akademii nauk SSSR (Institute of
Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences, USSR)
PRESENTED: September 9, 1958, by N. N. Semenov, Academician
SUBMITTED: June 4, 1958
Card 2/2

C, 66435
AUTHORS. ~Lerzhanoy, A. G., Abramov, V. G., SOV/20-128-6-40/63
Dubovitakiy, F. 1,
TITLE: Critical Conditioas for the Thermal ExPlosion of Tetryl
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1959, Vol 128, Nr 6, pp 1238 - 1241
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: The processes taking place in the explosion caused by heating
molten tetryl were investigated experimentally. Figure I shows
the experiment apparatus, Hot glycerol served as beat carrier,
The temperature was measured by means of a thermocouple and re-
corded by a potentiometer of the type EPP-09. The critical con-
ditions of the explosion caused by heating the material, i.e.
the relationship between temperature and the dimensions and con-
stants of the explosive characteristic of the transition from
the non-explosive desintegration to the explosive one, were de-
termined, It proved possible to atop the reaction at any time
by quickly replacing hot by cold glycerol, Table 1 liate the ex-
perimental data, which permit the following conclusions: The ex-
lies between
perimental value of the critical temperature T
cr
Card 1/2 the values found when assuming purely conductive and purely
LIK

66,,35
Critical Conditions for the Thermal Explosion of Tetryl SOV/20-128-6-40/63
convective heat transfers. Thus under experimental conditions
a co7,binp! heat transfer took place. Observations by means of
the tc-l-vision apparatus PTU-OM proved that the convection is
due ,!, the gas bubbles formed during the decomposition. This
~-_ results in a considerable increase in the initial heating
-ver the value calculated according to N. N. Semenov's theory
(Ref 5), The dependence of the induction period under critical
condit.ions on the temperature way be represented by the equa-
tion tcr - 10- 21-5e49OOO/RT sec. The degree of decomposition
found experimentally before the explosion set in lies in the
vicinity of the calculated theoretical value of 0.49. The ex-
plosions exhibited a "soft" character in all experiments, and
no impact wave formed. The influence found of the gaseous de-
composition products upon the heat transfer is believed to hold
for all liquid or molten explosives. There are 4 figures, I ta-
ble, and 5 Soviet references.
PRESENTED: June 1, 1959, by V,~ N, Kondratlyev, Leademician
SUBMITTED, May 28, 1959
Card 2/2

5W SOV/20-129-1-42/64
41UTHGIIS: Merzhanov, A. G., Dubovitakiy, F. 1.
TITLE: On the Theory of Steady Burning of Powder
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk 3SESH, 1959, Vol 129, Ur 1, PP 153-156
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: Ya. B. Zelldovich (Ref 1) set up equations for the calculation
of the burning of' the solid phase of powder from the character-
istics of the gas phase. The present paper investigates the burn-
ing of powder as regai-ds to the processes in the solid phase.
The dependences between the temperature distribution in the
powder, rate of burning, thermokinetic characteristics, proces-
ses going on in the solid phase, and of the heat flow entering
from the gas phase are derived. In formulating the set of equa-
tionB the experimental results by P. F. Pokhil (Ref 2) were
taken into consideration, according to which the 3um of the pro-
cesses proceeding in the solid phase of the powder is exothermic.
The set of equations is transformed to the nondimensional form
by applying D. A. Frank-Kamenetskiyls rules (Ref 3). The authors
give an approximate solution, arriving at the formula by 0. 1.
Card 112 Leypunakiy (Ref 5) for the heat reserve and the thickness of
LI-I"

On the Theory of Steadj Burning of Powder SOV/20-129-1-42/64
the heated layer. Calculations based on the equations given and
on data by Samsonov on pyroxilin powder are carried out (Fig 2,
Table 2). There are 2 figures, 2 tables, and 6 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: Institut khimicheskoy fiziki Akademii nauk SSSR (Institute of
Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences, USSR)
PRESENTED: June 1), 1959, by N. N. Semenov, Academician
SUBMITTED: June 10, 1)59
Card 2/2

~- J14
A
81936
8/06 60/000/06/08/011
B020YB061
AUTHORS: Dubovitskiy, F. I. Barzykin, V. V., Merzhanov, A. G.
TITLEi Thermal Explosion lof ~initroxydiethylnitraLine
of Purel~ Convective Heat Transferftx jUnder Conditions
r-
PERIODICALs Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR. Otdeleniye khimicheskikh nauk,
1960, No. 6, pp.1124-1126
TEXT: A method of studying the thermal explosion of liquid and molten
explosives in purely convective heat transfer has been developed. In the
tests, the method previously described by the authors (Ref. 1) for
determining the critical conditions of thermal explosion was used, a device
for mixing the substances (Fig. 1) being used in addition. This mixer was
used for examining the critical conditions of the thermal explosion of
dinitroxydiethylnitramine. The experimental results were compared with data
calculated from N, N. Semenov's formula (Refs. a,q), and good ag-reement
was noted. There are 1 figure, 1 table, and 9 references: 5 Sovieti
3 Canadian, and 1 German.
AUTHORS: Merzhanov A G
TITLE: The ~uasi-steady Theory
PEPII-MICAL zh e S
PP ~?Zi
C/D 76/4,0 /.n z )/O~- /0-,
50
Exp I,
6
TEXT: T~ie p~&per3 b,,, ~,,- I
D A
and .0 Y T~-des (RE;, -2 ~ ' --
thc-
'nermal
t
--)sion -) + -
seif -acce, Z'-
aut'-:,rs' zoncept (Ref i) -n., - n
1 I.S. - y t
cond"iticns 1r. tile d. e r!.'ia
being
theif study ',,T I - -
7 S d
shcz,s the quasj-ste~-,dy
dis-USS ar,(i app 1y 3 te~:l ! f
_j ~a a ly
f---rst order proceeding. wi til cor,,-,~tan- r.S
I
t
a rd

81867
S/ 020/6o/ 13 3/02/ 42/06d
B004/B-064
AUTHORS: Manelis, G. B., Merzhano-~., A. I.,
TITLE: On the Problem of the Mechanism of Powder BurninS
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 196o, Vol. 133, No. 2,
Pp. 399 - 400
TEXT: Proceeding from experiments conducted by P. F. Pokhil (Ref. 1)
the authors investigated whether the burning of dispersed powder par-
ticles occurs in the hot flame zone near the maximum temperature, or
whether its decomposition occurs already on the surface of the powder.
For this purpose an isothermal estimation of the lifetime t life of a
particle is carried out. It was assumed that the decomposition of the
particles starts at T surf of the surface. Equations are written down
for the burning rate u, for t life' and for x disp' the path of the dis-
persed particles. T surf" t life' xdisD were calculated on the basis of'
the experimentally found values for u, and x disp compared with the
Card 1/2 q,-

8186 (
On the Problem of the Mechanism of Powder S/020/6o/133/02/42/0--d'
Burning B004/Bo64
experimental value x gas of the breadth of the dark zone in front of
the flame. The data for pyroxiline powder is given in Table 1. The
following conclusions are drawn: An exothermal decomposition occurs
in the condensed phase, causing the dispersion of a considerable part
of the powder. The decomposition of the dispersed particles occurs
close to the surface of the burning powder with 300 cal/g and more
being released. The firial reaction occurs with the formation of the
final products, and release of the rest of the heat in the zone of
maximum temperature. There are 1 table and 6 references: 4 Soviet and
2 American.
ASSOCIATION: Institut khimicheskoy fiziki Akademii nauk SSSR
(Institute of Chemical Physics of the Academy of'
Sciences, USSE7
PRESENTED: March 2, 19601, by V. N. Dondrat'yev, Academician
SUBMITTED: Februaxy 2',', 1960
Card 2/2

8?~. 1 2-
S/020/60/135/006j'0291/0571
R B004/B056
AUTHOR: Merzhanuv--a a
TITLE-t The Role Played by Dispersion in the Combustion of Powders
PERIODICALt Doklady Akademli nauk SSSR, 1960, Vol 155. No 6,
pp, 1439 - 144,
TEXT: When investigating the combustion of mercury fulminate, A,F.Belyayev
(Ref,l) discovered the dispersion of the concentrated substance in the
process of combustion. It was the purpose of the present investigation to
analyze the relationship between combustion rate, surface temperature, and
depth of dispersion, and to evaluate the role of dispersion in the com-
bustion of powders. The author proceeds from the approximative eqULItiOTIS
2 2
adopted in the theory of combuf3Lion: ~,d T/dx ,cQudT/dx+QQk 0exp(-E/Rl) - 0;
00
* - U d,,'udi,p ; udec ~ k0exp[-F,/RT(x,u)jdx The boundary conditions are
0
* - 0, T - T x = oo T = T~_ -) T denotes the temperature in 0K, T s is the
Card 1/5

871,11
The Role Played by Dispersion in the Com S/020/60/135/006//029/G37
bustion of Powders B000056
temperature on the surface of the burning powder. T0 the temperature of t'~Ip
powder outside the zone of combustion, x is the linear constant (CM), u Is
the combustion rate (cm/sec), u disp is the linear dispersion rate, u dec 18
the linear rate of decomposition. A, is the coeffici-ent of thermal r-on-
ductivity of the powder (cal/cm se- deg) c is the specific heat
(cal/g,deg)~ Q is the density (g/cm5 ), a is the coefficient of thermal
diffusivity (CM 2/3eC), q is the heat Df d-composition (cal'1g), k0 is .he
coefficient of the exponential function (sf-,:- and e is the activation
energy (cal/mole) The depth yi of dispergion is defined as Id = udip/11,
and,, using the results of Ref 4, the fDjlowing relation is givens
2 = 2/F
u [1/(! - ~d)jak..exp[-E/RTjJ(RT T Q( jd)/2c T
0 - Ij I
equation represents the relationship between combustion rate, surface
temperature, and depth of dispersion For flameless ~~o---Dustion ti-e
following relations are given! T T (21;
0 -2d
Card 2113

87412
The Hole Piayed by bis~c-r ~; icl:~ r--~ S/02016011 35/006/G29/V-j
bustion of' Powders B000056
2 _ 1_1)2- 1 _ ~, ) /,
u [21 ( jak 0expf -E/R[T.+Q( 1 -~,)Icjj (cR/QE) [T.,Q( j 2 ( 3
Application of equation (3) to exPerimental data by P. F. Pokhil (Ref 2)
concerning the combustion of pyroxyline shows good agreement (Id ~ 0 7_
T8 - 280 - 3000C). From equation (3) it follows that the function '7d (Ts)
slows down the increase of T s ~d teas plays the part of a regulator
There are I table aned 6 Soviet r-~,ferences
ASSOCIATION: 1nstitut khimicheskoy fiziki Akademii nauk SSSR (Institute
of Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences USSR)
PRESENTEDs June 30, 1960, by N N. Semenov, Academician
SUBMITTED: June 20, !960
Card 3/5

.1
572
9
S/076/61/03' ' 10021006101-1
B124/B201
AUTHORS: Dubovitakiy, F. I., Strunin, V. A., Manelis, G. B., and
Merzhanov, A. G.
TITLE: Thermal decomposition of tetryl at varying m/V values
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal fizicheskoy kh1mii, v. 35, no. 2, 1961, 306-313
TEXT: A. Lukin and S. Z. Roginskiy (Ref, 5: Acta chem,-phys. USSR, 2,8,
1935) found a critical ratio to exist between the weight m and the -
volume V of the reaction vessel in tetryl (2,4,6-trinitro phenyl methyl
nitramine), in which the slow decomposition passes over into an explosion
under the promoting action of various additions (NO 2 et al'). An exteRsive
study has been made of the k,.netic rules governing the isothermal dec6~_
position of molten tetryl as a function of the m/V ratio. The reaction
concerned was examined in a device made from stainless steel, as diagram-
matically shown in Fig. 1. The pressure rise was measured with the aid
of a thin membrane made of stainless steel to which tensometer 5 was
fastened. The change of resistance of 5 was determined by a m5-2 (GPZ-2)
Card 1/12

69572
Thermal decomposition of tetryl- 3/07 61/035/002/006/615
B I 24YB20 i
galvanometer inserted Into the diagonal of the bridge. The measurement
was made by the compensation principle, The membrane was brought back
to zero position by introducing nitrogen from bomb 6 into the compensator.
The pressure rise was measured at given time intervals with the pressure
gauges 7 and 8 connected to the compensator. Also a strain gauge was
fastened onto the membrane, to serve as second arm of the bridge and for
a compensation of temperature fluctuations. The clamp 4 (Fig. 2) was
pressed onto sealings made of fluorine-containing synthetic material
3 between flanges 1 and 5, the tubes from the strain gauge were via tube
6 connected to the outer arms of the bridge. The minimum measurable
pressure is 0.1 mm Hg, the reading accuracy on the mercury manometer
+ 0.2 mm Hg, The gaseous products were analyzed for NO 2# NO, N20, CO, and
CO 2* Samples were taken by means of traps 9 and 10 (Fig. !) and cuvette
11. The kinetic curves of gas evolution at 1500C (Fig. 3) and 1600C (Fig.
4) in the coordinates: conversion degree ~ - time at various m/V values
are given. The m/V maximum was about 44 times as large as the correspond-
ing minimum; the maximum end pressure of the decomposition products was
about 6000 mm Hg. The curves show that the reaction kine-cics is practical-
ly independent of the mass of the substance, and that the decomposition
Card 2/12

8 9 5 '1~
6/076/61/-35/GU2/'0O6/01 5
Thermal decomposition of tetryi_ B1241B201
rate increases at all temperatures with rising m/V. The percent content of
NO 21 NO, and condensation products drops with increasing decomposition, while
the percentage of CO2 and N2 increases somewhat toward the end of the reac-
tion, and the 1^0 content remains practically unchanged (Table 1). The change
in the number of NO2 and NO moles per mole of tetryl as a function of the
conversion degree for various m/V at 150'C is given; k 1 is the constant of
the monomolecular reactionp k~ that of the autocatalytic reaction, and k 3i3
* constant depending on m/V, in which connection dj/dt - k, (1 - q )- k2lrt(l -TL)
* k3 V1 k, (1 -1) + k 2 (1 where k 2 - k~ + kY m he dependence
on m/V is shown in Fig. 7. The initial acceleration of the reaction
of k1 i~
correlated with the course of the macroscopic stage of the reaction, which
leads to the formation of a highly volatile product with a catalytic action.
This process is inhibited after some time by thetatryl decomposition. The
further acceleration does not depend on the volume of the reaction vessel,
which is indicative of an autocatalysis by the final condensation products
Card 3/12

S/076/'61/'C)35/'CO2/006/0!5
Thermal decomposition of tetryl,,.. B124/B201
(picric acid according to HinshelWIDod). The effe,3tive values of the activa-
tion energy and of the factor of the exponential function in the Arrhenius
equation were calculated from the rate constants (Table 3). the values ob-
tained for k 1 being characteristic of the monomolecular decomposition,
whereas an activation energy of 37 kcal/mole was found for k 2 with all m/V.
The explanation offered by the authors fits the respective hypothesis by
N. M. Emanuel' (Ref. 10: MakrosKopicheskiye stadii, osobaya roll nachallnogo
perioda i mekhanizm deystviya ingibitorov 1 polozhitelInykh katalizatorov v
tsepnykh reaktsiyakh (macroscopic stages, special role of the initial period
and mechanism of the action of inhibitors and positive catalysts in chain
reactions); Collection: "Voprosy khimicheskoy kinetiki, kataliza i
realctsionnoy sposobnosti" ("Pro.,;'Lems of chemical kinetics. catalysis and
reactivity"), Moscow, 1955, p~ 117) on the significant role of the initial
initiating stage. There are 9 figures, 3 tables, and 10 references: 4
Soviet-bloc and 6 non-Soviet-bloc. The references to the English language
publications read as followai 1A., A. Cook, M. J. Abegg, industr.a.EnKng..
Chem. 48,1090,1956.
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6,4 5 ",-
Thermal decomposition of tetryl... S/07 611035100210061015
B124YB201
ASSOCIATION: Akademiya nauk SSSR, Institut khimicheskoy fiziki
(Academy of Sciences USSR, Institute of Chemical Physics)
SUBMITTED: may 21, 1959
Legend to Fig. 1:
Overall diagram of the
device. a) pump.
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27685
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Blo6/'BllO
_~~nov A. G., Barzykin, V. V., Abramov, V. G., and
AUTHORSs _M
Dubovitakiy, F. 1.
TITLE: Tnermal explosion in the liquid phase under conditions of a
purely convective heat transfer
PLKODICAL: Zhurnal fizicheskoy khimii, v. 35, no. 9, 1961, 2083 - 2069
TEXT tThe authors tried to realize the thermal explosion of explosives in
the liquid phase for the limiting case of purely convective heat transfer.
The heat exchange is of such intensity that no temperature distribution
takes place in the reaction zone, and the total temperature gradient falls
to the wall of the reaction vessel. Such a heat exchange may be achieved
by intensive artificial intermixing of the substance. Under these con-
ditions, the heat-transfer coefficient from the reaction zone '~o the
ambient medium may easily be measured since it is derived from the heat-
transfer coefficient through the wall of the vessel. Moreover, these
conditions may serve as starting point for a detailed study of the compli-
cated convective heat transfer. Two explosives with strongly different
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Thermal explosion in the liquid phase ... B106/B110
properties were chosen for the experiments: Dina (dinitrooxydiethyl-
mitramine; melting point 52.50C/ and Tetryl ( melting point n4 13000.
The decomposition of Dina is a reaction of first order and only leaves a
small condensated residue. The rate of heat development per unit volume
is independent of the extent of transformation, and is only determined by
the temperature. Under the conditions of a purely convective heat trans-
fer, Dina represents, therefore, the simplest example for the theory of
thermal explosion according to N. S. Semenov (Ref. 7t Zh, Uspekhi fiz.
nauk, RFKhO, 60, 241, 1928; 23, 251 1940). On the other hand, the
decomposition of Tetryl has an autocatalytic course and leaves a very
large condensated residue. Tetryl is a good example for the quasisteady
theory of thermal explosion developed by-the authors (R6f. 6: A. G.
Merzhanov, F. I. Dubovitskiy, Dokl. AN SSSR, 124, 362, 1959; Ref. 9:
same authors, Dokl. AN SSSR, 120, lo68, 1958; Zh. fiz. khimii,3A, 2235,
1960). The investigation mEthod had been elaborated previously (Ref, 21
A. G. Merzhanov, V. G. Abra!jjv, F. I. Dubovitskiy, Dokl. AN SSSR9 128,
1238, 1959) and was only co:pleted by a device for the intermixing of the
substance. This method perjits a determination of all fundamental
characteristics of thermal ikplosion. In Table 1, the experimental results
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Thermal explosion in the liquid phase ... Blo6/B110
an the thermal explosion of Dina are compared with the values calculated
according to Semenov's theory; they agree well. The data for the calcu-
lations were obtained independently of the experiments. Table 2 gives a
comparison of results of experimental investigation of the thermal
explosion of Tetryl with the critical temperature and heaftmg calculated
by means of the equations derived in Ref. 6 and Ref. 9. Also in this
case, the agreement is good. D. A. Frank-Kamenetskiy (Ref. 1: Diffuziya i
teploperedacha v khimicheskoy kinetike (Diffusion and heat transfer in
chemical kinetics), M.-L., 1947) is mentioned. There are 2 figures,
2 tables, and 9 references, 7 Soviet and 2 non-Boviet-bloc. The two
references to English-language publications read.as followas A. J. B
Robertson, Third Symposium on Combustion, 1949, 5451 W. G. Chute, K. G
Herring, L. E. Toombs, G. F. Wright, Canad. J. Res., B26, 89, 1948.
ASSOCIATIONt Akademiya nauk 333R, Institut khimicheakoy fiziki
(Academy of Sciences USSR, Institute of Chemical Physics)
SUBMITTEDt February 5, 1960
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/X X04 B110101
AUTHORt Merzhanov,_ A.-G.
TITLEt Quasi-stationary theory of thermal explosion
PERIODICALi Akademiya nauk SSSR. Doklady, v. 140, no. 3, 1961, 637 - 64c)
TEM Within the scope of the quasi-stationary theory, the character of
thermal explosion is studied at the dynamic conditions of linear temper-
ature increase of the surrounding medium with increasin time In the
initial system of the equational CQ(dT/dt) - Qk 0exp(-E%T)~p(j)
- a(S/V)-(T-T 0); dT~dt - k0exp(-E/RT)(p(j), To - wt (1) (initial condi-
tions: t - 01 T w T 0;,q - 0), where T - temperature in the reaction zone,
OK; To . temperature of the surrounding medium, OK; I- transformation
2
degree; t - time, see; a - heat transfer coefficient, cal/cm .sec-degreel
V - reaction volume, cm3; E - activation energy, cal/mole; ko. factor of
the exponential function; c - specific heat, cal/g.degree; Q - density,
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B110/B101
g/cm3; w - rate of change of T 0 , degree-sec; T(~) - function expressing
the rule of the reaction course at isothermal conditions. The quasi-
stationary course of the process before the explosion is specific for con-
strained systems. If T 0 is variable, the heat input is expressed in the
Semenov diagram (Fig. 1) by a family of straignt lines. During the reac-
tion, the equilibrium position (intersection of heat input and heat loss)
is shifted along the heat input curve. If heat input and heat loss are
considered to belong to different coordinate systems moving toward each-
other with a velocity w along the abscissa, explosion occurs at the moment
of contact. With a linear increase of T a zero-order reaction will
always end up in an explosion, at any w. If w is smaller than the rate
of establishment of thermal equilibrium, the process before the explosion
becomes quasi-stationary. Explosion occurs when the heating rate w which
is due to the burning out exceeds the critical rate w crit' (N> Vcrit).
In the constrained quasi-stationary system the rate of temper4ture change
in the reaction zone almost equals the heating rates dT/dT 054 1 .By us i ng
the method of D. A. Frank-Kamenetakiy (Ref. 3s Diffuziya i-teploperedacha
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28735 S/020/61/140/003/017/020
qua8i-stationary theory ... B11O/B1O1
v khimicheskoy kinetike (Diffusion and heat transfer in chemical kinetics),
Izd. AN SSSR, 1947), the exponent neighboring the temperature of the most
intensive reaction Toi is factorized according tos
exp(-E/RT)ctLexp(-E/RT 2 )exp E/RT 2 )(T-T Introduction of the
01 L( 0i OA -
dimensionless quantitiest gi- (E/RT2 )(T-T.j);
LQEk exp(-F,/RT /(RT2 as/V); 9 0= (E/RT2 )(T -T j);
1 0 oi 0 0
0 2 oi . 21)]; E/RTO,
~Q/Q) (RT /E) W/ exp(-E/RT )11.[E/(RT
(
0 0 0 0 9 0 -Ir
inlo (1) results in (Q 9 + 0) ~P I/ ') (Q - go) -(4p 0;
9 0
4~dj/dg) ' e (p(j) as quasi-stationary reaction course at linear heating.,
I
For a monomolecular reaction, it has beon found that w crit ' e ; degree of
reaction before the explosions ~expl exp(-e/Gj). Fig. 3 shows the
results for the parameterst k,,=, 1018sec- 1; E - 45,000 cal/mole;
Q 1000 Cal/Om ; a 10-3 cal/cm~.Sec-deg; S/V - 4/dj d - 0.44 cmi
3
c 0.3 cal/g-deg; Q 1.5 g/cm . It has been established thatt 1) w crit
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Quasi-stationary theory ... B1101BI01
is inversely proportional to the diameter of the reaction vessel; 2) the
heat increase before the explosion is a function of the critical temper-
ature as in the case of T - const (W = RT2 I/E); 3) the high
0 crit 0, crit
reaction degree before the explosion (9crit w, 63%), Which is typical for
the quasi-atationary reaction course, decreases with increasing w/W crit;
4) the dynamic temperature T O,crit)d is greater by the quantity AT crit
than the static temperature (T O,crit)at* The temperature of the nascent
explosion decreases with increasing w/w crit t T O,expl '-(T O,cr-t)st; 5)
the criterion of the quasi-stationary properties in dizLq..nsionleas quanti-
ties is: K 0-Atbuncf. Since t is 10 -2 - 10-3 in reactions capable of ther-
mal explosion, them system is always quasi-stationary with Ko . e)Pe