SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT MERKULOV, I. - MERKULOV, L. G.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001033610012-4
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: January 3, 2017
• Document Release Date: June 21, 2000
• Sequence Number: 12
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

KMMWV. 1. . konstrukt or
s7viet planet. Ir7l.rod. 10 no.3: &9 Mr '59.
04IRA 12:4)
1. Predsedatell nauchno-takhnichaskogo komiteta reaktivnoy tekhniki
TSentrallnogo aerokluba, SSSR im. V.P. Chkalova.
(Space flight) (Artificial satellites)

PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/3608
Merkulov, Igor'_Alekseyevich, Deputy Chairman of the All-Union
secti6n 6n Astronautics of the USSR Federation of Aviation Sport
Polet raket k Lune (Rocket Flight to the Moon) Moscow, Izd-vo
"Znaniye," 1960. 31 P. (Series: Vsesoyu-znove obahchestvo po
rasprostraneniyu politicheskikh I nauchnykh znaniy. Ser. 4,
vyp. 1, Nauka I tekhnika) 60,000 copies printed.
Ed.: T.F. Islankina; T--ch. Ed.: Ye.V. Savchenko.
PURPOSE: This booklet is intended for the general reader Interested
in space exploration and travel.
COVERAGE: The booklet gives basic data on space travel and rocket
propulsion, and some specific data on the launching of the Soviet
moon rocket on September 12, 1959. Two references, both Soviet,
appear in footnotes.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Cosmic Velocities 4
Card 1/2

I
Rocket Flight (cont.)
Rocket Engines
Multistage Rockets
Rocket Traje,--tories
Ricket to the Moon
New Triumph
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
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SOV/3608
10
15
18
22
23
AC/jb
5-24-6o
S/085/60/000/009/001/0cj3
A153/AO29
AUTHOR: Merkulov, I., Deputy Chairman of the All-Union Section of Astronai,
-'Aviation Sport Federation of the USSR
ties of tne
TITLE: Ways to the Cosmos Open Up
PERIODICAL: Kryl'ya rodiny, 1960, No. 9. p. 4
TEXT: In its essence this article is a general propagandistic glorifica-
tion of Soviet achievements in launching cosmic rockets, beginning with the firs,.,
Soviet Earth satellite ( 'Sputnik I). The main portion of the article deals wi-~h
the second Soviet cosmic vessel launched on August 19, 1960, that contained two
dogs?-40 mice, two rats, insects, plants, seeds and some germs. The importance
of scientific results obtained by this rocket vessel is emphasized as a prerequi-
site for successful space travel of man in the near future. The article stresses
the impeccable functioning of this vessel's equipment, as a great success of So-
viet scientists, who are said to have successfully solved the problems of rocket
engineering (development of suitable rocket fuel. heat prote:tion, flight control
equipment, etc.). The importance of' successful recovery of the capsule contain-
ing dogs, etc. is also emphazized, A hope Is expressed that before long human
beings will be able to man space ships to the moon, Mars and Venus.
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6 7 6- 39
3 OV/ 2 9-6 0 -- 1 - 15 /2 5
AUTHOR: Merkulov,_ I,
TITLE: From Step to Step
PERIODICAL: Tekhnika molodezhi, 1960~ Nr 1, pp 18-23 (USSR)
is
ABSTRACT: In this article the author deals with multistage rockets. For
the purpose of attaining cosmic velocities, K. E. -siolkovskiv
had once suggested the so-called "rocket train", which, in
principle, corresponds to a modern multistage rocket9:3The func-
tioning of such a rocket is described. If the rocket is intend-
ed to V~and on another planet and to return to the Rqrth, the
last part of the rocket must also consist of several stages,
which are put in operation, one after the otherv for another
start. The more stages a rocket has, the lose fuel reserves are
neoeasary, and the total weight of the rocket is reduced. For
a flight to other planets, the rocket must carry additibnal
fuel reserves besides the fuel necessary for launching, in
order to be able to damp the second cosmic velocity developed
within therange of attraction of the respective planet. On
Card 1/3 pp 20-21 a section through a 5-stage rocket is shown. This

67639
From Step to Step
SOV/29-60-1-15/25
rocket is intended to convey a container weighing 1 t and con-
taining scientific instruments to the Moon, Technical data
from scientific literature (e.g. the books by V. Fedoslyev
and G. Sinyarev: "Vvedeniye v raketnuyu tekhniku" (Introduc-
tion Into Rocket Engineering) and by Sutton "Raketnyye
dvigateli" (Rocket Motors ) served as a basis for calculation.
For an exhaust velocity of the first stage of 2,400 m/sec the
following weights were determined: Starting weight 3,348 tt
comprising 2,892 t of fuel, 455 t constructions, and 1 t use-
ful load. The weight of the individual stages was: 1) 2,761 t,
2) 495 t 3) 75.5 t~ 4) 13-76 t, 5) 2.72 t~ The rocket is 60 m
high, and the diameter of the lowest stage is 10 m. The lat
stagle has 19 engines each having a tractive power of 350 t.
The 2nd stage has 3 engines of the same power. The 3rd stage
has 3 engines a tractive power of 60 t each. The 4th stage has
1 engine with 35 t, and the last stage I engine with 10 t
tractive power. The engines of thelst stage give the rocket
a speed of 2 km/sec at the start. After the first stage is
discarded, the engines of the 3 following stages are put 'In
Card 2/3 operation until the rocket attains the second cosmic velocity,

From Step to S~ep
S- 7t 39
307/29-60-1-15/25
after which it continues its flight mechanically. Near the
Moon the rocket turns round with its jets pointing to the
surface of the Moon. The engines of the 5th state are switched
in and"teduce speed of fall, The figure and the calculations do
not represent an actual project of a Moon rocket. They are only
intended to convey an approximate idea of the dimensions of a
cosmic multistage rockets Gradually, atomic energy will be used
instead of cheminal fuels, This will entail the production of
new types of engines, which, in turn, will give rise to complet
changes in rocket construction. There are 8 figures.
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4-3-( ~2, 0 0
68060
S/08 5/1150 100010210041OL-0
DOGUDOC3
AUTHOR- Merkulov, I.
TITLE: Dead on Target!
PERIODICAL- Kryl'ya rodiny, 106G, ~~r .-, n ') ("-'sSR)
ABSTRACT: The author describes the firing of two Soviet multi-
stage ballistic rockets-intended to test the quality
aiid accuracy of theirlcontrol mechanism and to try
out a number of unspecified instruments. The tar-
get area was a 300 x 500 km rectangle in the Facific
Ocean and the first launching took place on `0 janu-
ary 1960. Throughout the flight data .,,,as rRdioed
to land and marine stations. The penultimate and
last stages developed a speed of over 26.000 km/h.
The target area was reached at 2C05 hours 1.~Oscow
time on the day of launching and tlie nose-cone en-
Card 1/2 tered the sea 12,500 kr. from the firinF point and

68o6o
3/0,95 /'60/000
D001/DOC3
Dead on Targetl
less than 2 km from the calculated point of impact.
Ships of the Soviet fleet were standing by and took
telemetric dat on the downward trajectory. The
last stage of t7ae rocket was designed to pass through
0 - CD
the denser atmospheric layers without burning up and
was observed on impact by radar" optical and acoustic
ship-board stations. The penultimate st.f~ce re-en-
tered dense atmosphere at an altitude of -110-0/0 k1m. and
was later destroyed after partial burning up. At
1958 hours MT on 31 January 1960 the cone and pen-
ultimate sta-e of the second rocket landed accurate-
ly on target. According to Academician S. Soboley
these and similar tests are desi-ned to facilitate
the launching of Earth satellites and, later, inter-
planetary rockets. There is 1 drawing.
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PHASE I BOOK EXFWITATIO17 SOV/5687
Pokrovskiy, Georgiy Iosifovich, Petr Kuzmich Isakov, Igor' Alekseyevich Merkmlov,
and Vladimir Vasillyevich Dobronravov
Put' v kosmos (Road to Spacey Moscow, Izd-vo "Znaniye," 1961. 44 p.
(Series: Vsesoyuznoye obshchestvo po rasprostraneniyu politicheskikh i
nauchnykh znaniy. Seriya IV, 1961: Tekhnika, no. 13) 40,000 copies printed.
Ed.: T. F. Islankina; Tech. Ed.: L. Ye. Atroshchenko.
PURPOSE: This booklet is intended for general readers.
COVERAGE: This is a collection of 4 popular-type artteles in which some data
on Yu. A. Gagarin's space flight are given and fundamentals of space flights
are discussed. Several diagrams of satellite trajectories are given,and
three photos of Gagarin and of a man in weightlessness test appear in the
text. No personalities are mentioned. There are no references.
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Road to Space SOV/5687
TAXZ OF COIMNTS:
Pokrovskiy., G.I.,. Profer-orp Doctor of Technical Sciences.
On the Development of Cosmonautics [Space Navigation] 3
Isakov, P.K., Doctor of Medical Sciences. Man in Space 12
Markulov., I.A. Spaceships 23
Dobronravov, V.7.,, Professor, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences.
Directing the Flight and Retarn of a Spaceship 38
AVAILAM: Library of Congress
Card 2/2 AC/m/mas
10-17-61

MOMOV, I.
Deed of a revolutimary scientist. Kryl.rod. 12 no.7:19-20 JI 161.
(MIRA l4s6)
(Kiballchin, Nlkolai Invanovich, 1854-1881)

22367
AUTHOR: Merkulov, I.A., Engineer
TITLE: Paths of Spaceships
PERIODICAL: Tekhnika molodezhi;~no.
S1029161,10001006110031010A
D045/D112
6, 1961, 20-22
TEXT; The author briefly reviews basic theoretical considerations for
launching a spaceship on a circular orbit by means of a multi-stage rocket,
which raises the ship to the required altitude and gives it a first escape
speed, horizontal to the Earthts surface. This s eed, which is 7,790 m/sec
at an altitude of 200 km, should be equal to 1 km~sec at an altitude equal
to the distance between the Earth and moon. In a case where the soeed im-
parted to the space vehicle is greater than the circular speed, the vehiole
will begin to move on an elliptical orbit. A spaceship starting free flight
at an altitude of 200 km, at a speed of 11 km/sec, will reach the moon's
orbit at the apogee. A spaceship, starting free flight at an angle to the
horizon, will continue flight on an elliptical orbit even at circular speed.
The paths of two spaceships, starting free flight at 400 km altitude and
travelling at the same speed.are represented in fig. 1. The vehicle travel-
card 1/5

22367
Pathis of Spaceships S/C,2 6l10C'D1C'0-e1cC~1r-04
D045YI)112
ling horizontally will make a circular orbit; the other, travelling at an
e.r.gle to the horizon, will start climbing while its flight speed will be
decreai,,ed. In the apogee, this speed will be 7449 m/sec. At this height,
the ship can no lon-ger continue circular movement owing to insufficient speei.
On descent, the speed increases, not quite reaching 7,902 m/sec in the Deri-
gee. However, this speed is more than the circular speed for the given
heighi. and therefore the ship will fly on an elliptical orbit and will once
more gain height. Both orbits differ but have common features; the sum of
the altitudes of the perigee and the apogee in the elliptical orbit is equal
~o double the altitude of the circular orbit. Consequently, both ships
the Earth in exactly the same time - 92 min 29 sec. These laws axe
applicable to the flight of any spaceship. Four satellites launched at an
altifude of 35,810 km, with a first escape speed, will complete a full revo-
ltitic,n in 24 hrs; due to the various directions of their flights, their
o.rt~itt'~ (fig. 2) will differ. The "Vostok" spaceship, with Yu.A. Gagarin on
board, travelled on an elliptical orbit (fig. 4) at altitudes of 161 and
327 km in the perigee and apogee respectively, The speeds attained in this
ua,ra 215

Paths of S,.aceships
22367
2'
DOWD112
case were 7,843 m/sec at the perig,:e and 7,671 at the a-,ogee. Dealinc -,---.'th
the deceleration of snaces-iDs on aTp--oac- to Earth, -,,he aut-~or
the complexity of the problem ofF reasonably ieterrininE the ---.ei*,3"',t of fuel
in relation to the total weight of the spaceshi7. 7-he sh.'-) has to be of the
U U U wi*h to
l
i Mes' possible construction , U
fuel. When reducing the escape speed by ~000 m/sec, fuel consunrtion ma."
a-mount to a-~proximately 25 to 501,'4o of the .-.reight cLF the ship. To ens,,Lre that
the ship ib landed*safely, it is necessary to slow do-,,.rn its speed of impetus
to a speed a' which it can safely pass throu6h the atmosphere. Corplicatod
u
nroblems of design have to be taken into consideration. Iluch fuel ha5 to
be exT)ended in order to allow the ship to easily pass tUhrou[_:h "lie atmosDhcra
at a reduced speed. If the speed ca:nnot be sufficiently redvced, it is ne-
cessary to protect the ship from destructive heating by installing a th 4ck~
heat-proof ceramic ~-ayer or a complicated cooling jystem. The main tash
facing spaceship designers says the author, is the designin- of a shi-
equipped with the mi ,nimum yteight of landinC device3. Air resiotance liao
also been considered as a braking medium, involving the use of ,.arachutes
or similar equipment; In his concluding remarks, the author that
the first manned orbital op .ace trip will be followed by flights to ol.her
,planets of the solar system. There are six figures.
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D(36/,-113
%:~rkulov, I., _'~airman of tl,e ;o,,m-,uttee (see ASSOCIATION)
-.1-Q trajectories of srace sbii-s
P-IT01 U.~
i'ryllya rodiny, no. 1C, 1962, 4-5
TZKT: 7'-e alithor, usinT t~e fli~-I_,ts' Of "Vost0l