SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT MELNIKOV, YU. S. - MELNIKOVA, G. K.
Document Type:
Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP86-00513R001033510014-3
Release Decision:
RIF
Original Classification:
S
Document Page Count:
100
Document Creation Date:
January 3, 2017
Document Release Date:
June 21, 2000
Sequence Number:
14
Case Number:
Publication Date:
December 31, 1967
Content Type:
SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT
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ACC -N,3; AT6633998 SOURCE CODa;; --UR-/3227/64/003/~~U6/U!36/lj;,~.2
Mel'nikov, Yu. S._; Sobakin, Ye. L.
ORG. none
TITL---: Semiconductor -type rprn-meter for wound-rotor induction
SOURCE: Tomsk. Institut radioelektron-lk-' i elektronnoy tek~u~iki. Tz,,.Idy, v.
1964, '138-:42
TGP-:C TAGS: induction motor, autornatic control system, rp,-,. rneter
.A_1STR_AC-1': To eliminate space -requirin'g tachometer construct:on., i,;id ciraw"-acks
associated wit"n, parametric tachometric Levices, the measurernen: o: . r C' -. o r - c "; I- r ent
.7requency, w1iich is linearly connected w't- :he motor rpm, is sugg,~stc:d. To -his
e.-c-, a :.-esistor is introduced into the rotoz- circuit, and the vollta~,e clrop across
res-stor is used as a source signal applied to a transistorized amnpl;fier. A principal
circ-uit d~aararn of this amplifier is shown, and its operation is explained. Clairned
advantages: no contacts, no mechanical attachments to the motor, no rotating parts.
Disadvantage: high amplifier gain needed as the source signal is small. Orig. art.
has: 3 figures and 6 formulas.
STUB CODE: 09 / SUBM DATE: none / OPUG PLEF; 00 1
C C-,- dl
Rjaol,FEN, ,,,.M., kand. tekhn. nauk;-I&LINIKOV9 YU.S., inzh.
oving wire. Elektrotekhnika 36 -0-':
Electrical heat-'Lng of a m :2:',
53-55 my 165.
0
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Card illr
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ACCESSIO14 NR. AP4040698 S/0135/64/000/006/0016/0019
AUTHOR: ChAnlev, A. A. (Fngincer) Zaytsev, V. I. (Engineer)
Skakun, G. F. (Candidate of technical sciences); Mel'nikov, Yu. V.
(Engineer) -
TITLE: Vacuum-tighr scam welding of MA8 alloy
SOURCE: Svarochnoye proizvodstvo, no. 6 (630), 1964, 16-19
10PIC TAGS: magnesium manganese cerium system, magnesium mi~ngaftese
alloy, cerium containing alloy, MA8 alloy, alloy welding, seam welding,
alloy weld, vacuum tight weld, airtight weld
ABSTRACT: Tne. conditions 'for obtaining air-ight seam-welded joiats
in sheets of MA8 magnesium allov (1.5-2.5% Mri; 0.3% each A! and 1-1
0. 15-0.357' Ce; 0.05*4 each &u and Fe ; 0.02' 3e, 0.15Z St; 0.01Z Ni)
have been determined. Flat snecimans, assembled from sheets of the
same or different thickness which varied from I to 4 mra, and shells
400, 800, and 1500 mm in diameter, made from 1.5-mm sheets and rein-
forced with outside riba 1.8-mm thick, were seam welded. To compensate
t-ord 3
ACCESSION NR: AP4040698
for poor reproducibility of ph,isical and technological ProDerties
, w
0
1 eldments and the unstable characteristics of welders,double seams
overlapping one another on 40-50% of their width were used. Both
mechanical and chemical methods of surface cleaning were found equally
satisfactory. Fusion of th-p- Lhinner sheet up to 60.% of its thickness
can be tolerated since it caus~2s no metal overheatinp, crack forma-
~ion, decrease of corrosion resistance of the weld, or leaky joints.
~n welding circumferential seams the nugget thickness,particularly in
the inner sheet,decreased with decreasing shell diameter. Hence, the
geometry of the joined surface!-, should be caken into account in rhe
selection of welding conditions in order to avoid inadequate fusion or
overheating. Seam welding of sheets of dissimilar thickness with a
thickness ratio of 1:3 or higher produced satisfactory joints only
with the use of an MA8 alloy insert, 0.1- or 0.3-mm thick, between
electrode and the thin sheet. Special electrodes with intensive
:~,.ner water cooling have been designed forseam welding of MA8 and
o~--.tier magnesium alloys. With these electrodes welding speeds as high
as 60- 70 spots per minute can be attained. The tightness of joints
was tested with a helium leak detector. Orig. art. has; 7 figures
and 2 tables.
ACCESSION NR: AT4012721 S/2981/63/000/002/0111/0118
AUTHOR: Mel'nikov, Yu. V.; Zyukin, V. V.; Oboturov. V. 1.
TITLE:., Welding of SAP-]
SOURCE: Alyuminiyevy*ye splavy*. Sbornik statey, no. 2. Spechenny*ye splav'rrit.
moscow, 1963, 111-118
TOPIC TAGS: powder metallurgy' aluminum, sintered powder, aluminum
powder, sintered aluminum powder, welding, resistance welding, flash welding,
spot weiding, roller welding
ABSTRACT: Welding of SAP-] by the flash and resistance methods was performed with
1.5 mm sheets made of preliminarily treated brickets. Compar;son of the strength
and structure of the weld joints showed that manual argon arc welding of SAP-]
using AF-4A flux is possible with high temperature annealing of the brickets.
The strengLh of the weld joints equals 95% of the strength of the base material
at room temperature and 70% at a temperature of 500C. Both roller and spot
weiding of SAP-1 n-ey also be used. The strengLh of the weld joints is the same
as of high-strength aluminum alloys of the type DigA-T, D2OA-T and D16A-T. "The
work was carried out under the guidance of K. P. Koryagin; 0. B. Martishin, M. V.
K~rotMa and F. T. Leonov also took part in the work." Orig. art. has: 9
Car
ACCESS I ON NR: AT4012721
tables and 10 figures.
ASSOCIATION: none
SUBMITTED: 00
SUB CODE: MM,
Card 2/2-
DATE ACQ: 13Feb64 ENCL: 00
NO REF SOV: 000. OTHER: 000
L 46113-66 ENT(!n)/~OIF~(y)/V -ETTA:w2(i T 7P(C )_ ___
Ea( )/ I ~ JD/W
ACC NR.. AP603~141.1 SOURCE CODE: UR/0135~66/000/009/0020/0023
AUTHOR: Chirkov, Ye. F. (Engineer); Sokolov, V. L. (Engineer); Mellnikov, Yu. V.
(E'ngineer~__
ORG: none
TITLF: Automatic argon-shielded welding of IM140 alloy
SOURCE: Svarochnoye proizvodstvo, no. 9, 1966, 20-23
TGPIC 'ZAGS: aluminum alloy, alloy welding, M'IG welding, automatic M= welding,
-7mtm mechanice', property/m40 alloy
ABSTRACT: Experiments have been made to determine the optimum conditions for auto-
matic IGG welding i1j4O aluminum alloy. Clad -Lll-oy sheets, 3-mm thick,heat-treated,
strain-hardened and aged (TNI), or ~-ieat-treated and strain-hardened (TN), were auto-
Tatica,lly MIG welded with MW or [Wg~c) alloy t'iller. All welds were found to be
heli= tight. Trhe highest weld efficiency (87.7'A) and a tensile strength of
38.5-42.2 kg/mm2-at a bend angle of 38-40 deg were obtained in welds with base
androat reinforcements made with M40 filler wire, a specific heat inDut of
o.4o8 cal/sec-cm, and a steel backup Dlate with a 6.0 x (1.2-1.3) mm groove. -Lne
I
same welds without reinforcement had a tensil.e strength of 34-35 kg/mM2, a bend
angle of 44-48 deg, and a weld efficiency of 76.50, A 7-12% increase in the heat
Inuut lowers the weld strength by 12%. The use of a copper backup plate, the absence
Card 1/2 ____ uDc-: - 621.,791-753-93:669.35
L 46113-66
ACC NR: A?6o3l4li
of a gap between faying edges, or a s~mal_- groove in the backup bar require a higher
heat input, which lowers the weld strength. Aging after welding m40 alloy in the
TN condition did not improve the m_~chanical properties; hence, full heat treatment
of parts from M40 ELIJoy should precede welding. Welding with AMg6 filler wire brought
about no appreciable difference in the strength of M40 alloy welds, but it increased
,he bend angle to 50-57 deg and also increased by aLnost five times the suscePti-
bility of 11"LO alloy welds to hot cracking. -he difference in strength between the
we_~d and base metal decreases with increasing terriperature, and at 250C equals zero.
Crig. art. has: 3 figures and 2 tables. ms
SUB CODE: 13/ SUBM DATE: none/ ~)RIG PEF: 005/ OTH REF: 001/ ATD PRESS:
5D87
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tivatell tile accumulation of oxalic acid. The yield corre-
sponds to 3 inals. of acid per I mai. of cugar. This r4tio
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did not re*ct to tfic Addn, of KNO, All m Ill.,
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follows. A 2 1 9da.. cautS. 1.2 -2.0% NallCo.. tival, KID 0
Acted on by at 30" 'Until 60-637C Of the I had rC&Ct"l
with tomiatim of 1-11.6 nmtg. (A 0 gwr Mal. of I leact"t
The rewlting win. was treated with C&.%04 to lips It.
tuti,mt. Acidified with 11,SO. auxt card. with vittei
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tionally crystd. fnxn water. The 4 frzetino~ obtained,
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ANTIBIOTICS
"A Study of the Physiolog-icai Ft-operi'_F~S VariDus Stra-Ins of pen' ci'
lin-producing Per-c-illium chryso~-,erjum", Ly A.A. Mel'nikova and Ye.I.
Surikova, All-Union Scientifi.--Resea:-6-1
Antibiotiki, No 3, MBY-June 195 7 , ac ~: -~~ -
The authors say that di.fferen-_es ~n tqp ability rif produoin(7 Denicii-
lin by various strains of Peni7:111lium -Lrysogenurn ieads one to suppose
that there are also cther physioLcz:.ca_. aiffpr-nces among tham.
In this article, the authors aftpuq)4. 1.(, Pxp;ain the uhysLuiopjcai
characteristics of different strains of Pen_ciiLlum chrysogenum by way
of the study of the peculiar.-~'kes of metaboiism that appear in the pro-
cess of fermentation during LLe bLi,,-_syn*,-,.~~-is of per~'(~; 'Iln.
Three different strains of Peni,~illium -hr7s-,,enum were used in the
process of experijmentati,in:
Card 1/3
ANTIBIOTICS
VNIIA-35, VYIIA-A, and a "new variety"
The culture medium was of the following composition:
(NH4)2 so 4 - 0.5%; KIT PO ij. Mj,,S0- 5L,C) 025%; FeS04 - .(H2()
2 4 4
0.01%; ZnSo4'7H--.o - 0-002%; CuSOOFL20 0.0005%; MnSo 4 -H20
0.002%; gLucose - 045%; lacl,,D:3e - UCCtL(- acid - 0.24%;
lactic acid - 0-5%; pH after sterilization of media - 6.1-6-3.
Sugars were sterilized geparately and added to the nedia before see-
ding.
After describing in detail the technique foilowed, and the findings,
the authors present the following conclusions:
I. Varioue atratno of PenicMium chryoogenum diffL)lr from one ano-
ther both in the ability for bLosyntheols ~jf penicillin as well as in
other physiological properties.
Card 2/3 - 21
W44!,~J 0 SURIKOVA, Te.j.
Nitrogen metabolism In Penicillium chryeogenum. Part 2: Stu4y
of attrogen fractions in the cycelis and culture nedium of
Pen14llium chryoogenum [with summary in Inglish]. Kilrrobiologiia
26 nool:35-44 Ja-F '57. (MIRA 10:6)
1. YsascyuzW nauchno-issladova tell sL-iy institut antibiotikov.
HoAva.
(NITROGEN. detabolism,
PWaicillium chrysogenum, daterm. in norcelia & culture
media (Rua))
M ICILLIUM. metabolism.
chryeogtinum, nitrogea fractions in pycelia & culture
media (Rus))
SURIKOVA, Te.1,
,;_,Nn';JUOVA, A -A.
Carbohydrate metabolism in Penicillium chrysogeaum [with summary
in,Nnglishl. Mikrobiologiia, 26 no.3:285-291 MY-Je '57. (KIRA 10:10)
1. Voeso7uznyy nauchno-issledovatellskiv institut antibiottkov,
Moskva.
(FRUICILLIUM. metabolism,
chrysogeaum, carbohydrateB (Rua))
(CARBOHYDRATES, metabolism,
Penicillium chrysogenum (Rue))
1W
hELINIKOVA, -A!!A..; VASIL'YEV. G.H.; CHURAN, N.D.: TESELOV, U.N.; SNEZHI[OVA, L.P.
Culture media for detecting antibiotic substances in Rctinomyeetes.
Kikrobiologiia 26 no.6:762-766 N-D 15y. (MIRA 11:3)
1. Tsssoyuznyy nauchno-iseledovRtel'akiy inatitut antibiotikov,
Moskva.
(ACTUCKYORS, culture,
media for detection of antibiotics (Rua)
(ANTIBIOTICS, determination,
in Actinomyces culture, culture medin (Rue)
MMLINIZOV,A..A.A., SEMENOVA, V.A.. SOLOVIYEVA, N.K., SNUZHNOVA, L.P.
GnMBURG, G.H.
Formation of actinoxAnthin; a now antitumor antibiotic [with
summary in English]. Antibiotiki I no.1:18-22 Ja-F'58 (MIRA 11:5)
1. Otdol novykh antibiotikov Vaesoyuznogo nauchno-isaledovntell
skogo instituta.
(ACT INOMYCES,
globisporus, Drod, of nnti-tumot, antibiotiq
actinoxnnthine (Rus))
(AM IBI(r- ICS,
actinoxanthine. anti-tumor aCtiVity & Drod. by
Actinomyces globisporus (Rus))
(CYTOTOXIC DRUGS.
same)
~TMINIMVA,-A.A.; SURIKOVA. Yo.I.
Oxalic acid formation in Penicillium chrysogenum
biosynthesia. Izv. AN SSSR. Snr. biol.
1. V.9oso3ruznvy nniichno-i9slodovafol'Bkiy
during penicillin
no-5:579-583 S-0 '58.
(TAIRA 11-10)
Institut antibiotikov.
(OXALIC ACID) (MICILLIUM)
KWNIKOVA, A.A.; VESRWv, N.m.
Comparative ohysiological investigation of two strains of
Actinomyces violacaus which produce antiviral antibiotics.
Antibiotiki 4 no.1:31-36 Ja-F '59. (MIRA 12:5)
1. Vaesoyuznyy nauchno-iseledovatellelciy institut antibiotikov.
(ANTIBIOTICS,
violarin, prod. by ActinomyCeB ViOlaCeUS (RUB))
(ACTINOMYCES,
violacous, prod. of antibiotic violarin (Run))
MINIZOVA. A.A.; SIJRIKOVA. YO.I.
Conditions for the cultivation of Pemicilliam chr,7sogenun on
synthetic media [with summaz7 in English]. Mikrobiologiia 28
no.1:52-57 Ja-F 159. (KIRA 12:3)
1. Vaesoyuznyy nauchno-issladovatel'skiy inatitut antibiotikov.
(PMICILLIU14, culture,
chrysogenum, on synthetic media (Rua))
MELINIKOVA., A,A.; VESELOV, N.M.
Paper chromatography of antibiotics Produced by Actinomyces violaceus
atrains 452-7 and 121-2. Antibiotiki 5 no.2:9-13 Mr-Ap '60.
(MIJU 14: 5)
1. Vsesoy-uznyy nauchno-isslEsdovatellskiy institut &ntibiotikov.
(ANTIBIOTICS) (ACTINOMYCES)
SEMIOVA, V.A.; ILt IFSKAYA, S.A.; TAYG, MELINIKOVAX A.A.;
3HNEYM=,A.I,".; BUYAIIOVSKA'YA, I.S.;
Study of some actinomycetes forming closely related anti-
biotics. Antibiotiki 8 no.1t12-18 Ja'63. (MIRA 16:6)
1. Vsesoyuznyy nauchno-issledaratellskiy institut anti-
6iotikov.
(ACTINOMYCES) (BACTMIOU)GY-.MLTURES AFID GULTUPS MKDIAj)
(ATTIBIOTIGS)
GEFNANOVAJ. K.I.; GONCHARSKAYA, T-ya.; DELOVA, I.D.; ILIINSKAYA, S.A.;
MELINIKOVAC A.A.; ORESHNIKOVA, T.P.; RESHETOV, P.D.; RUDAYA, S.D.;
9_WT_T-9Y_Y1_A_ r.T-.; SOLOVIYEVA, N.K.; FHOKHLOV, A.S.
Gomponents and antiviral properties of some streptothricin anti-
biotics. Antibiotiki 10 no.2:117-122 F 165.
(MIRA 18:5)
1. Voesoyuznyy nauchno-issledovatellskiy institut antibiotikov
i Institut khimii prirodnykh soyedineniy V1 SSSR, Moskva.
GEL^Wil,l M,,F BM:L LJ, 1? 1,; RIJZT~j , D.1,1. ; GPEK , N.V. ; SHEVULVA , N.S.
llew method for the aut-~matic microditerminaLion of carbon and
hydrogen in organic compoLnds. Dukl. AN 5SSR 161 no.1:107-110
'65, NITUi 18:3)
i, In8titut 'IN SSSR i Spetsiall-
nove lennstruktor 1 (-~:F,,sxngo priborostroyenip AN
SS~R. SUbmittod "IlLy "'9., 191`14,
71.
v. n. , FMlj L I I AUl I I, tA . I ~. "a: ~(l , i . to.. ~ jj~tU. L~;: L:~ ~ I.. ~ , 1. K~ ~P~:I)
- - -
"In-vest4;a-~-":Dn rf 'the -~-7 --ac---rs -,,-e I - ~-_
f'c.'e:-,t .Df Raditun ~., Its 1 1. Piijc] al-A Dari ci-- 1. ;~~
KWKO.kN, V.11.- WiLINIX'OVA A.A.
kw~~~
Formation of abnormal mixed W - LaF cr7atals in the cr7atallazation
2 3
of lanthanum fluoride melt. Radintchimlia 1 no-3:241-2116 '59.
NIRA 12:10)
(Iaantbanum fluoride) (Crystals--Growth)
KWKWdl, V.R. -, WVT")YUS, G.P. ; M'NIKOVA. A.A. q
-, ... ... 1-- - ", 7~~ - .
Distribution of thp radioactive isotope of lead. ThB, '~etweeu
the anlt and crystals of alkali netal halidea. Raeinkhimiia 1
no-3:247-252 '59. (KIIbI 12:10)
(Load-IgotnPAS) (Alliall metal halide crystals)
i/I
KIDKMAN, V.R.: MELINIKOVA. A.A.
Effect of the chemical nature of the second coq)onent of a birar7
system on the coprecipitation of radium with baritm chloride.
Radiokhimila 1 no.5:514-520 159. 0-'JRA 13:2)
(Radirm) (Barium chloride)
XLCKHMI, T.R.; FULIVIKOVA, A.A.; MY.41ISHEV, X.G.; SMIFSOV, V.S.
Effect of complex formation In the melt on the crystallization
coefficient of rudidium chloride in the systems KCL - LIC1, KCI -
BaCl 29 KCI - CaCl 2. Radickhimiia 2 no.4:386-392 160. (MMA13:9)
(Rubidium chloride) (Crystallization) (Chloridas)
9 /1 1901r,,rY21^106 AD225/'-26
A A, 2 9
V. R.; M", A. A.
TITLE: _r, 3; -.r.~ 4n r.,-iil.
V1 -N aC-1 -E~ 7i,'- 12z-1 ~yy
PER! CIDICAI 2, 71:,3 - 7c-.4
T :Ek- a* pr,~v',--,~- ~-rki ~Ri-f. V. R.
R. glogm,~n,
S. A. Paj~.F-v, 0, R~f. V. R. Kinur~Lr, Yu. M. Giir-
ma2K#~-w. Ral!~)kri-r'ya
r rr Q,, r l ar-c,- vi~,u" of 1-he
ry zi'* f f Af. f f I-Al i-l r-d-mr- I V
wItt
1. th- Lnary Fy~*.e-n KC1-
-BaC!2- Tr.- da'~L of 119,CL is
le~- "h'a, P. M~' ;ni K v3. K. 5. My-tkllh~v
f tl~ F. A. A.
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and V,S. 3rrrr,,:-i, ~;nmt! Thu6,
It 1:? - _ 7 , ,,. ,I ~ I 1~1_,.'~ ,- 1 17 t7~* 5 -_ a I z v~ _' o,,,
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in
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SUBM: --~'E:j
Car.:[ 2/2
KATSI,SLISON, F.Ya.; MONIKOVA. A.F.
Results of treating epilepsy in children with trimethine; catamnestic
data. Zhur.nev-r. i p9ikh. 6upp lament :82--83 157. (MIRA 11:1)
1. i)iSDansernoye otdeleniye dlya detey i podrostkov pri Dsikho-
nevrologicheskoy bollnitse imeni Solov'yeva (glavnyy vrach V.D.
DaniBov).
(F.Pil,&PSY) (GUZOLMIN&DI01,E)
M-NDCOVA, --
, .- I
"
"Flnuresio; a clinical and genetic study" [in English] by B. Hallgron.
Reviewed by A.T. Hellnikovm. Zhur.nevr. i Doikh. 58 no-7:8,Q2-993 '58
NIRA 11:7)
(URIIIH-111CONTIMCE)
VMNINOVA. U.K.; SMMNOVA, Ye.I.; KAUCHEVA, N.F.; KUZNETSOVA, N.I.;
KEMINIKOVA, A.F.; DOBROTSEVETOVA, T.Ya.
liffectivness of complex vaccination with live vaccines against plague,
tularemia, brucellosis, and anthrax. Report No.2: Intensity of immunity
in complex vaccination of guinea pigs aga'~nst intratracheal infection.
Zhur.mikrobiol.,epid.1 Immun. 30 no.11:19-24 N 159. (MIRA 13:3)
1. Iz Gogudarstvennogo nauchno-lealedovatel'skogo instituta mikroblo-
logii t apidemiologii yugo-vostoka SSSR.
(PLAGUE, immunol.)
(TULAREMIA, immunol.)
(BRUCELLOSIS immunol.)
(ANTf1RA.1 immunol.
(VACCINATION)
VALIDITER, Oleg Anatollyevich; SHALINOV, Aleksandr Voevolodavich;
MELINIXOVAJ, A.I., red.; VL.AS(TJJI, 1;.A.,, tekhr.. red.
[Electromagnetic fields in septate wave guides of electron
accelerators] Elektromagnitnye polia v diafragmirovannykh
volnovodakh linoinykh elektronnykh uskoritelei. Moskva,
Gosatomizdat, 1963. 65 P. (MIRA 17:1)
T&RASENK0. Natallya Yuvenallyevna; 11,~EMNIKOVA, A.I., red.; FOPOVA,
S.M., tekhn. red.
[Industrial hygiene in handling thorium] Gigiena truda pri
rabote s toriem. Moskva, Gosatomizdat, 1~,63. 86 p.
(MIRA 17; 1)
(Thoriur,-Safety measures)
LEVIN, Vasiliy Yevseyevich; r-1EL'NIK(-VA, A.I., red.; HAZEL,
Ye.I., te-khri. red. -
[Ni-lear reactors] IAdernye raktory. Moskva, Gosatam-
izdat. 1963. 303 P. (MIRA 16:11)
(Nuclear reactors)
!RODOV, Igor' Yevgenlyevich; YEL1NIK(,%,A, A.I., red.; YAM', Ye.l.,
tekhn. red.
[Problems in atomic and nuclear physics] Sbornik zadach po
atomnoi i iadernoi fizike. Izd-3., perer. i dop. Monkva,
Gosatomizdat, 1963. 343 P. -(14IRA 16:12)
(Nuclear physics-Problems, exercises,..tc.)
KRUPCHATNIKOV, Valentin Mikhaylovich; MELINIK017A, A.I., red.
[Ventilation during work involving radioactive substances
Ventiliatsiia pri rabotakh s radioaktivnymi veshchestvami.
Moskva, Atomizdat, 1964. 199 p. (MIRA 17:12)
ZIE.P21.0VOY, Aieksandr Ivanovich; LAT'-IIEV, Georgiy Dmitriyevich;
I il red.
I-El IIIIKOVA, A. I..
[Nuclear r:.bgnetic resonance in a I'lowinf,- iiquidjl lAdr~.-nyl'
i:,agnitnyi rezonans v protochnoi zhidk03ti. lNoskwn, Atorr~
("T
izdat , :A 17:
11 1961". 2',2 p..
NIFUNTOV, B.I.; PROTOPOPOV, D.D.; SITNIKOV, I.Ye.; KULIKOV, A.V.;
., red.
[Underground nuclear explosions; problems affecting in-
dustrial nuclear explosions] Podzemnye inaernye vzryvy;
problemy promyshlennykh iaderwjkh VZrTrr~-i. Moskva, Atom-
izdat, 1965. 159 P. (MRA 19:6)
K021AROVSKIY, Aleksandr Nikolayevich., doktor tekhn. nauk,prof.;
MELINIKOVA, A.I., red.
--------
[Constructii of nuclear reactors) Stroitel'stvo iadernykh
ustanovok. 'L.2., dop6 i perer. Moskva, Atomizdat, 1965.
382 p. (MIRA 18:12)
SEMENKOVA? A.V.; BELOVA, Z-'N-; PELINIKOVA, A.I.
Discussion of M.A.ShvechIkovIn article *T---t u:3 improve econr;,mic
planning." Vest. sviazi 23 no.10:27-29 0 163. (M:RA
1. Nachallnik planovo-finansovogo otdela Ministerstva svyazi
AzerSSR (for Semenkova). 2. Nachallnik planovogo otdela
Saratovskogo pochtnmta (for Belova). 3. Starshiy ekonomist
Dzhankoyskogo uzla svyazi Krymskoy oblastl (for Mellnikovn).
M'NIKOVA, A. H.
Fangi in the city of Rostov-on-Don and Rostov Province. VeBt.derm. i
yen. 31 no.2:47-48 Mr-Ap '57. (14IRA 12:12)
1. Iz gorod8kogo kozhno-venerologicheskogo dispansera.
(ROSTOV PROVINCE-DERMATOPHYTES)
L 12101 -66 EW1
ACC NK: - _V60i 526- SOURCE --CMR;'"-'tnt/0070/63/010/00,6/0791/0799-;
Ll q
AUMOR: Chernov;--~~.- A.; Mel'nikov&, He
-43
ORG: Institute of Ccyst Ilography,.. S R (Institut kristallografii AN SSSR)
TIM: Growth of crystals from a solution in the presence of an extraneous
spherical particle
SOURCE: Kristallograftya, v. 10, no. 6, 1965, 791-799
TOPIC TAGS: single crystal growing, crystal Imperfection
P~, 5-
ABSTRACT: One of the ways for introducing impurities into growing crystals is to
generate channels under foreign particles located within tWe- solution or melt
nearthe surface of the crystal. The present paper investigates theoretically
the growth of the face of the crystal from a solution in the presence of a spheri-I
-cal particle. The concentration distribution in the solution and the crystlalliza-~!
~tion conditions are stationary (the conciantration satisfies the Laplace equa-
tion). After formulating the general problem concerning the crystal growth under
a . field caused by the
these condition , the authors determine the concentration
presence of the sphere at a,fLxad distance from the plane crystallization fronts
The possible incorporation of the.mother liquor under the sphere due to a lack
1/2 U13C: 5".52
L 12099-66 EWT(1)/EWT(M)/T/~W(t)/kWP(b~/EVA(c) LIP(c) JDIGG
ACC NR: AP60607iif'
AUTHOR: Chernov, A A.; Mel'n1k2X H.
ORG: Institute of Crystallography, AN SSSR (Institut kristallografii AN SSSR)
TITLE: Gro th of crystals from a melt in the presence of an extraneous spherical
particle
SOURCE: Kristallografiya, v. 10, no. 6, 1965, 800-804
TOPIC TAGS: single crystal growing, crystal imperfection
ABSTRACT: This paper, which is a continuation of a preceding arttr-le (Kristallo-
- a' 5-4ystals from
grafiya-, 10, 6, 1965), investigates theoretically the grolkh`% _L
melts in,the presence of an extraneous spherical particle located over the crystal
line surface. The growth is assumed to occur under stationary conditions, and
following the formulation of the problem, the authors determine the temperature
field of the growing crystals in the-presence of a sphere at a fixed distance
from the plane crystallization front. A discussion of the results shows that
during the interaction between the particle and the crystal the sphere either
accelerates the growth of the crystal or a channel is formed within the crystal
C~nder the sphere. Orig. art. has: 23 formulas and 3 figures, '%
Card 1/2 UDC: 548.52
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AUTduRS: Losev, B. I. , Mel ' nir-,ova, A. N. e -d Ei'piner, I. Ye. (Lo,~c
PITLE: Halogenation and ex~-ra-ct-ion of LermaniLui from, coal irisirae
an ultrasonic wave field. (Galaidiroveniye i A:.zviecne,-~iye
germaniya iz u--ley v ,-)ole ul'trazvuKovyKh voln).
CD
PERIuDICAL: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SOSR, Utdeleniye Te,,--anicnes&i--:r.L
Nauk, 1957, No.9, pp. 90-95 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Coal ash does contain a certain amount of cerr.anium.
In earlier work (Refs.1-4), the authors investiEated tne
ash of clarain ~jnd vitrain and, particularly, of lusaln.
Since ultrasonics Lave dispersion and cLemical effects,
it was obvious to assume that it is oos.3iDle to intensify
by means of ultrasonics dalogenation reactions which
represent an important staCe in tne process of extrecti~~n
of rare elements from the coal substance. In tne
ex-periments the coal was crusaed to a frLiction passin,~,
th-rout~h a sieve with holes of 0.25 aun. Tfte studied coal
contained not over 0.00L)6% of 6rermanium (relative to the
ash content); only ia a single specimen did Uie c-ermbniun,
content amount to G-C)0175%. Bromination of trie coal vias
effected La a tliree-neci~ flask containinG an auitator.
A certain quantity of water was added to the coal and the
Card 1/5 mixture was carefully intermixed. Followin,~ that, broiae
24 - 1,2'/
Halogenation and extraction of ermanium from coC--.l irs-iue L--n
ultrasonic wave field.
was introduced in drous and the bromination weos
for a spe2ified time whilst continuously mixiL~ tf!~- reac,,i-,~~
mixture. Then, the coal was separated fror:; rne li:iuicL
phase in a Buchner funnel end wasned from rne Lusorbed
brome by distilled water until the wasainc,., water showea
a negative reaction from tne point of view of h&lo~d
content. Following that, tne coal was dried at 60 C and
analysea and the quantiby of germanium in the filtrate
was determined by means of a method developed by NazareLhco,
V. A. and Ravits&a, R.V. CalorinatioiL was effected wiailat
feeding chlorine at a speed of two bubbles 6t~cuud.
For sepa~2atin), the germanium it is extracted frow tae
analysed aqueous solutions in the form of Ceriaaaium tetr&-
chloride from 9-nori,,,i~l hydrochloric acid wita carbon
tetrachloride. Tae extract of L~,,eruianiuffi teLrficfiloride in
carbon tetrachloride is effected by me~)ns of' writer which
is then acidified and Lelatine und plienyl fluoride are
added. Ultrasonics of 38C) and 75U Icc/sec
from a piezo-qubrt~ plate of 50 mm dia. wiun a rbdiation
intensity of 8W/cm of the radiatinE surface. The distance
C~rd 2/5 between the reaction vessel and tue piezo-qjE;rtz plate
24-9-12/33
Halogenation and extraction of .--ermanium from coal inside an
ultrasonic wave field.
equalled 1.5 to 1~ cm. HaIGLe_natioa inside a u-, T.-r- zz - nic
field was effected for coal of 0.25 to --.lu mfi~ fractions
in an aqueous medium and the extraction of -~-eri:.Linium by
halogenation of coal vies investigatea inside an ultrasonic
field as well as the extraction of -erLii~anium frou, Coal
under the effect of an ultresoaic field without halogen-
ation. The results are 'plotted in 6raphs. An intensifica-
tion was observed of the process of halobenation during
irradiation with ultrasonics and this is primarily
attributed to the fact that the presence in the aqueous
solution of daloid is partlj activated by the ultrasonics,
which leELds to the appearance of atomery crilorine or broL,e
wilich is chemically more active tlian the molecular haloid.
It is poin-,ed out that activatiou of cerUEiiri ;eses in the
ultrasonics field is possible only in Ghe presence of
cavitation; speedin6 up of the naloi~enation ~-,rocess is in
principle possible at such an intensity of' trie ultra:~oL,_"-
at which cavitation pbLenomena will inevitable/ uccur; U."--
certain conditions cavitation will se in approximately
for a radiation intensity of 0.3 71/cm . In the here
described experiments, the irradiation inteasity was 6 '41c,_,1~1
Card Y5 however, the irradiation was effected in glass vessels
24-9-12/5~1
Halogenation and extracti,-n of Eermanium from coLl inside En
ultrEsonic wave field.
waicti were submer6ed into an "Ultra:3UIIiC"
according to Bergmann, the surface of 61E,,ss rt;f .-t ~, c
&f/c of the incident ultrasonic ener.-Y. Of
interest is the fact of separation of E;erinLniu:,i fro::i Tut
coal inside an ultrasonics field in ~jbseace of -. n.r-loia
in the reaction mixture. TUe ftypottiesis is expressta niet
separation of Lerii~aiiium from coal is apprecii,bl,% :--ffecteu
by mechanical forces wtiich are linked witti L.Iitj peLirLnce
and collapse of cavitation bubules wtiic~i LHncr~-tt z3aocK
waves capable of breakia,,- up UlaF, coLil substFrice, provided
tiiat the cavitation cavity forms at a clistLnce not
exceeding a few microns.from tiiu coal particle. Tte
results throw a new li6ht on the interisif-Jea sep~-ratiun
of germanium durinE; simultaneous irradiatio:, Lild
6enation of coal in presence of sliblit iaLinLities of cE;rt)on
tetractiloride. Tine selection of tilis com~.,ouad is nut
accidental since it is ~-nown tnat traces c~~--zon tetra-
cialoride intensify oxidation processes '.. ultrb-
sonics field, as a result of wnicti atoui:i~y CI SI)lits Uff
easily. Intensificetion of tte cdemical .-)r--cesz3es in
Card 4/5presence of is additionally explaiiea by I~ne fact
CC14
L14-9-12/33
Halogenation and extraction of 6ermanium from coal inside an
ultrasonic wave field.
that,bein6 broken up into fine particles anu scattered
throughout the entire volume uf tLe water, it produces
nuclei of easy disruption of the continuity of tile
irradiated liquid under the influence of ultrasonic waves,
i.e. it improves the conditions for the formation of
cavitation. On the basis of the obtained results, it is
concluded that the halo6eriatioa of coal proceeds much more
rapidly inside an ultrasonic field than under ordinary
conditions; the process of brominations proceeds about
160 times faster inside an ultrasonic field thian without
such a field. Depending on the reaction conditions,
bromination of coal inside an ultrasonic field permits
extraction of 5u to 1000/c of tile germanium contained in the
coal charge. Carbon tetrachloride has a catalytic effect
on the processes of separation of germanium from coal by
the method of brumination inside an ultrasonic field.
The experiments also showed that under certain condiuior;s
it is possible to extract germanium from coal without
Card 5/5 simultaneous halogenation. There are 4 figures and 4 Slavic
references.
SUBMITTED: June 5, 1957.
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress.
A'L'TH OR S i Losev, B. 1. , Ell-liner, ;'. Ye,,
'I 'ILE: Or. the Halogenation COitl.3 Under r-ni'lueace of 1Jltr--E;(-.,ra',~ '(ks./es
10 protsesse galoidirovaniya uj~lley j,o! (J(.,y--,,tv-yP~i
kovykh voln )
PERIODICAL: Doklady A-kademii Nalik. 1
f
~USSR)
A33'2RACT: By extraction o" rare :.v tals
ger.tion of coals ~~ave becume a bei,'a:;~1k2
method applied for this Ftir;,-3e. *~(~-.-;eve-,, ex-lict dada is --
the mechanism of hal'D~.,enation ure lackiLn--, n," t:le e 1:
methods are not characterized by a ~Ii&i yiel,-'', E~
of halogenation is heteroeeneous, Ittakes place at t-,~e
boundary of two phases Solid c(;al ,,ase us -;~Llide.
Naturally, f or t,.is '3011 pha 3(~ el 1, !i 1'j
surface and '-i.-her
In addition, incre-a3c in -.,-e
acting halide e gT,,ee
Card 114 Phe3e reqLzire~.iento F-re
On the llaloiZenution uf Co-tlj Innuence of LntrUq(:)njC WaMS
devised b,- t'.--
use of ultra3oni(; which'. incre~,ge ~j z3---verL.
,)ri,,7in,al atiount t.~.e ceaction Jt~id :,%I t",,e
t i on o f c o; 11 w i J e ,i r ;-.1 j L., 'j :_ :,
r
relatively milu c,_,r 1 i t i e Y, n
a re lative 1y Ic -m i r: r r!.-.s tf
W' ves ais~, ac A
quart z,,~enera t,~r -,,v i .3 ie d . 211 eq:~ar, t i:ws
by the coal ~eter:.-,int_d t~i,2 le-
vised in t'-e lnjti'~Ite t'.e t,"t,rj Jf t",_1r~_ t 'I: e r
un fer "A" --e 1 ca.,-. be 3e-~n fr.,:7'. e i
see C
t
ex~( sed t~, ul~rajor~,- w,iVCj tn eC a 1 ~3
without beim-
r,-,,
26 d ~o of f.'s .1 ry -,-i ~ i jI' I., r . m i n e ~-! u r i r,:, i o_
p 3 .
seven -e
th e t ime 1 -1 - e VV -I, Q,_ I r, I~,2 3 L" -1 e
t 0 7 - 5 7"- - 2 h E .3 ea t a a r e c .-- r, L a I n v d i n
,auer ur.;Jer revie-a. :he la-ter v:~'ue n
3oni c aave fleldl) c,irrespcri-Is to twe::tly i-:;ra r.
at 00 Without expj3ure to "i" traguni~~
the proces,~. ui' brui-,iination i-:3 acce Le rated t,
Card 214 its ori~in,Ll efficiency. A crilorina-ticn.
7 13
Gn the Falogenation of Coals Under Influence of Ultrasonic Waves
paper under review) the process of absorption is accelerated
almost two- and-a-half tires. Rou~7h interpretation of tils
acceleration: the ultrasonic waves hm a disper3ir,:- effect,
probably as result of i;iechanic forces that are created at
opening and closin[; of cavitation bubbles. It appears that
considerably mechanic -forces also are produced when the
pulsatinC frequency of the same tas bub*-~les ccincides wit'n
tlie frequency of the ultrasonic oscillatiens (resonance
phenomenon). Another posjibility is the appearance of the
activated halide as result of the molecular dissociatiGn
in the cavitation cav--ties, a phenomenon discovered for
iodine (with subsequent redu,~tion) as early as 1-150. It
should also be taken into account that in the cavitat or,
cavities there apPear, as result of the splitting of the
"activated" water molecules, products wit~z oxidizin, ,- e ffe C t 3.
2here are 2 tables, and 4 references ,f whi-ii are Soviet
J
Card 3/4
,;: - '- i . / ,
0 0
On the Halogenation of Coals '~'rder Influence of Ultrasonic Waves
ASSOCIA'.L"ION: Injtitute of Minerai Fuels, AS USSR
(Institut Eoryucnikn islkopayemy:ch A~radeiii n-uk- SSSR)
PRESENTED: December i1 , 1,'j56, by A. N. Frumkin , Me ~~'Der tne Acude:.-i.,
SUBMITTED: October 2, 19~7
AVAILABLE: Library of Conjress
Card 4/4
AUTHORS: Lose v. B. I., M-! 'nik(-,v a, A. . N.. '-a pryri r. a..
Troyan2kaya. !,
TIT 1,r": New Metriodi of Examining the Material C )mpos it ion ('r-q I
(Novyye metody izucheniya veshchestvennogo s~istava ugle.y
~~IERIODICAL: Vestnik 'kademii na~iK 1~-cs, Nr 10, Do 16-6(-, (~T,7:
A BST R-k CT i Regearch witti th~L., purpose of obtaining. the mnst. effective
methods ol extrac-,,, .,, metals from coal -xa.9 carrifd o,,it a,.
tne ln,;L~~tut iskopayemykh .'.' ka aem i i ni.i K ~ , ~ , i [ nt i -
t u t e !'o 7 Mineral Fuels oi' the .!~: I jr ~n-q
~1-raysl ~L,, ~.Luctro-hyaro et'f,cts -nere us,~cl. Tht-
influence of tne rioai~ o-~- radiation on the yielci of germani.;m
L7 0 * A 1 11 1-1-
may bp s~i~-n in t~iolt! ). The second mF-tnod coh.SISI I I
30nic tre3tm~nt -)T coai durinR its haiopenUl lon. Trit- r-3,Air -
expt-ximents witri ultrav!onic trentm-~nt of c~)ai ,n ~It
iisted in taoi- 2. A more intensive disr,ipt i cin j t n, C D11 *-.1 , V
forces of' rar~~- elempnt~i in coal is obtaineu oy tne unk~ ~l
tvo-hydraui L(-- Eii'ects. Tries~- experiments weve cqrrl;,a (-,kit in !n,
Laboratori.v-, PLek,rogidruviiCh(-.--1K0P0 eff'~ktfi
Card 112 inst,,tuta (;Labora~ur.y : -
SOV/ 50- -8- 11-;-9, . -. ,
New Methods of' Examining Lhe Material Composition of Coal
;,A'fects of' tne ~.t,nilli,.~ra(l ~-~)Iytechnic Institu- %,~.
direc-.ion of L. ,,. futkin. There are ;~ tauiAS.
Card ?,12
LOSEV, )3.1.; AIVOSOV. I.I.; RELINIKOVA, A.N.; AWOSOVA, Ya.K.; CHIBISOVA, L.I.;
CHONM, V. I. I - --
Use of ultrasonic waves in coal bromination. Trud7 IGI 8:131-141
'59- (MIRA 13:1)
(Ultrasonic vavas--Industrial application)
(Coal--Anal7siB)
IDSEV. B.I.; MELINIKOVA. A.N.-, SAFRYKIN. F.Ya.:. YUTKIR, L.A.
Crushing coal by the electrohydraulic method. Vest. All SSSR 29
no.6:62-65 Je '59. (MIn 12:5)
kGoal, Pulverized) (Electric discharges)
LOSETP B.I.; MLINIKOVA, A.N. PITIN, H.N.; FAR.)EROV, I.L.
- - -- ~ - --- -- _,-i
Volatility of germanium in coals. Trudy IGI 13:164-166 160.
(MIFA 14-:5)
(Germanium) (coal)
IONTOV, A.S.; MELINIKOVA, A*P~
De"lopment of senile plaques. Vop. psikh. 1 nevr. no.9:
435-"5 '62. (MBIA 17: 1)
1. Institut fiziologii AN SSSR i 3-ya paikhiatricheakaya
bolinitea Leningrada.
YARIKOV, GJ1,;_ MMIUIKOVA, A.S.; NIKITINA, G.P.
CarboniferOUS sediments in western Stalingrad Province. Trudy
VUIGRI no. 19:112-151 '59- (MMA 13:12)
(Stalingrad Province-Geology, Stratigraphic)
5(2)
AUTHORS: Cherkesov, A. I., Yellnikova, A. S. SOV/'32-2r-2-51/78
1ITLE: A Trilonometric Method of Determining Bismuth in Multi-
component Alloys (Trilonometricheskiy metod opredeleniya
vismuta v mnogokomponentnykh splavakh)
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 1959, Vol 25, Nr 2, pp 110-11111 (TJSSR)
ABSTRACT: The article describes an accelerated trilonometric method in
which hematoxylin (Ref 2) and gallein are used as ind!3ators
(Ref 3). A titration is carried out at pH ~-' 1 in a nitric
solution, and ?olored compounds of Bi, Sb, and Sn are formed,
Up to a 5 ~6 Fe + content the bismuth titration with tri.lon
is not disturbed, at a content of 15 4 Fe3+ sodium fluoride
has to be added to the solution. Th,? same applies tu antimony,
while tin is transformed into /3-stannic acid at the
dissolution of the alloy in nitric acid. The precipitation of
stannic acid does not disturb the titration hut retards the
titration process somewhat before the point of equivqlence is
reached, which can be seen in the presence of hematoxylin.
In comDarison with the method described bismuth was determined
gravimetrically in the form of BiOBr in artificial metal
Card 1/2 mixtures and easily meltable alloys (Table 2). '11hen Fallein
A Trilonometric Method of Determining Bismuth in SOV/32-2~7-2-5/79
I
ulti-component Alloys
M
is used analo(-rous results are oblained. Enwever, th.,? color
change at the point of equivalonce Is 1e3:3 obvious. The
analysis process is described. There are 2 tabl~?s and 3
references, 2 of which are Soviet,
ASSOCIATION! Astrakhanskiy tekhnicheakiy institut ryhrioy pri-iy.--3h1rnno.-01
i khozynystva (Astrakhan Technical Inntittite of' th.- Ploh
Industry and Economy)
Card 2/2
MEWNIKOYA, CHERKESOV, A. I.
Trilonometric determination of thorium with hematoxylin as
indicator. Zhur.VKHO 6 no.4:469-470 161. (MIRA 14:7)
1. Astrakhanskiy institut rybnoy promyshlennosti i khozyaystva.
(Thorium-Analysis) (Hematoxylin)
MELINIKOVA, A.S.; GOGINA, Ye.A.; NIKITIWi, G.P.; MDROZOVA, R.I.
Stratigraphy and lithology of Carboniferous vedim-nto in Volgograd
Province. Trudy VNIING no-1139-90 162. (MIRA 16:10)
,low -f
4F f
N I OV 11,
fleft Md ffriddM fl. I Lct"t-a awl
A. E~_Xc Vlj=~ 4.11. -Tho colcur at
gfty CCA t coataiwat; hu"
ts nee to a H
by Matt. $U%4 JW.J 10 F. per 1. of
ch "-V~T P&r 1. *9 NkOK at 9027-1 be cre dyeft
;. D. UTAROV
1. J.'jELIN,TIKOVA, A. TE. - YF/,H,)VA, A. YH.
2. Tf.';.'3q (6oo)
4. Cotton Finishing
7. EnmIsifying dyed cotton, Tekst.prom. 12 no. 12, 1952
9, Monthly List of Russian Accessions, Library of Congress, March 1953, Unclassified.
NOVIKOY, N.Y.; GOLUBEV, N.V.; MZLINIXOTA. A.Ye.
Enmlsions for heavy suiting. Tekst.prom. 14 no.10:48 0 '54.
(91,14A 7:10)
1. Zaveduyushchiy krasillno-otdelochnoy fabrikoy Yagorlyevskogo
malanthavogo kombinata (for Novikov). 2. Xameatitell zaveduyushche-
go fabrikoy (for Golubev). 3. Zaveduyushchly khimlaboratoriyey (for
Kellnikova).
(Sizing (Textile))
GAIDAYDVICH, S.Ya.; OBUKHGVA, V.R.; ~M'NIKOVA, E.L.
Tick-borne and Japanese B encephalitis virus complement-fixing
antigens from tissue culture. Acta virol. 6 no.3:231-238 My 162.
1. D.1. Ivanovsky Institute ol' Virology, U.S.S.H. Academy of Medical
Soiencos, Moacow.
(ENCEPHALITIS JAPAIML B virol) (TMUE GULTURE)
(GOMPT,FMi Jrr)
GUSINANY R.B.; ELLINIK(YVA, E.N.
Elasticity modulus of carbon steel. [3bor. trud.] Nauch.-isiql.
inst-met. no-4:151-153 161. (MIRA 15:11 )
(Steel--Analy6is)
(Elasticity)
OCHERETYANYY, A.; tE~INIKOVAje
Y,echaaized remov4 of stmi and chaff. Tekh.v sellkhoz. 21 no.8:28-
23 Ag 161. Uum 14:7)
(Straw) (Grain-Harvesting)
~,7-000
MOT
S/110/6-1/000/002/ool/oog
E035/E517
AUTHORS: Engineer, Poznyak, E.L., Candidate of
f~,walcal Sclences, Raykhlina, B.B., Engineer and
Rozenknop, V.D., Engineer
TITLE: The Calculation of Critical Speeds of Large Turbo-
Alternators with the Aid of Digital Computers
PERIODICAL: Vestnik elektropromyshlennosti, 1961, No.2, pp.i-8
TEXT: Two difficulties arise in the determination of critical
speeds of large machines; firstly, that the values of the various
constants to be used in the computation are not always accurately
known; and, secondly, that for shafts with many rotating masses
and bearings, the numerical computations become exceedingly lengthy,
The authors have solved the second problem by using a computer, For
large machines the analysis should take into account the 'elasticity,
of the vil films in the bearings as well as the masses of the
bearings and the elastic constants of their anchorages. These
elastic constants are usually different in the horizontal and
vertical directions. On the other hand, the analysis can assume
that the shaft is everywhere truly circular, and may neglect forces
along the shaft, and gyroscopic effects. The analysis depends on
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The Calculation of Critical Speeds E035/E517
finding two modes of oscillation of the stationary shaft in two
independent directions (corresponding to the horizontal and vertical
elastic constants of the bearings); then the critical speeds of the
shaft will be equal to the frequencies of these two modes. The
partial differential equation for a shaft in oscillation is:
U(X) 2Y(X,t) + i! EI(x) -a2 Y(X,t) 0,
D t2 Z) x21 3x2 1
(2)
where x is the distance along the shaft, 4W is the mass/unit
length of the shaft at point x. EI(x) is the stiffness at point x,
y(x,t) is the deflection of the shaft at point x and time t.
The general solution of Eq.(2) is of the form:
Y(X,t) = Y(X) Cos a t
(3)
where is a critical frequency of speed. With this general
solution we can derive an ordinary differential equation-,
2 E 2
d EI(x) d y(x) I_ U02Y(X) = 0.
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The Calculation of Critical Speeds... E035/E517
and, with the aid of the differential relations
dM V; ~qz 0. (5)
dx dx
where M is the bending moment; V is the shear force, 0 is the
slope of the shaft, we can express Eq.(4) as two separate second-
order differential equations;
d2y d0 _M (6)
and dx2 dx EI
d2M dV 11(12y.
dx2 dx (7)
The boundary conditions for the solution of these two equations can
be expressed by considering the bearings at the end of the shaft;
there are initially two unknowns at each end. From many possible
methods of solution. the following was chosen: Eqs. (6) and (7) are
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The Calculation of Critical Speeds-- E035/E517
approximated by finite difference expressions. A value of frequency
w which is within the range being investigated. but is not, in
general, equal to a critical frequency, is selected, and the
equations are solved twice, For the first solution, one of the
unknown boundary conditions at the left hand end of the shaft is
given an arbitrary value of 1 and the other is made equal to O~
For the second solution. these boundary conditions are reversed. A
linear combination of these two solutions is examined to see whether
it satisfies the boundary conditions at the right hand end of the
shaft. This will not, in general, be the case; for the boundary
conditions will only be satisfied if W = fl, In general, therefore,
a function ij)(w), which has the properties that
-1) < 0
=0, and T (n + 6fL).~(O- 6(
is calculated, Starting at the low end of the frequencies to be
investigated, the equations are solved and ~P calculated for steadily
increasing values of W. The presence of a critical speed in the
neighbourhood of the current value of W is detected by a change in
the sign of 1) (w)i The exact value of the critical frequency can
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The Calculation of Critical Speeds .... E035/E517
then be located by searching between the last two values of w with
successively smaller increments or decrements in w. A root 2'.S
found by one of two criteria: a) that JAWJ< e, or b) that I (W)