SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT LYUBOV, B.YA. -

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• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

LYUBOVI B. YA.
PA 75T96
Heat Ccoseotim
LwOm V. L. Shavallkov's Artiole, -Caacu2at:Loa of tbe
TMparature Field In an Isotropic Madlun In Frmt of
,s Moving Scurbe of Eteat',tc FO Ye. 14ubow.. That of
U.Stauaphysics, can sai Res Inst of rarr=8 mstud,
:.,-Zbur Tekh FlzlW Vol XVIII, No 5
Me correot solutim of the aquatim
a
..Vftqa 61.> 0;> 113 '7,e ccz 49
o
tatbd by Sbavel
aa a

LI
Computing the rate of growth of ferrite grains following the
isothermal decomposition of austenite. Dokl. AN SSSR 60 ao.5:
795-797 Ky '10 - (MM, 1OZ81,
1. Otdal teorstichaskoy fiziki Inatituta metallofiziki TSentral'-
nogo Nauchno-isoledovatellskogo institute, chernoy metallurgii.
Predstavleno akademikom I.P. Bardinym.
(Ferrite (Steel constituent))
(AuBtanite)

LTUBOV, B.Ta., kand.fiz.-mat.nauk
the growth rate of a ferrite nucleus during isothermal
dissociation of austenite. Probl.metalloved.1 fiz. met. no.[13:316-321
149. (MIRA 11:4)
1.0tdol tooreticheskoy fiziki TSentrallnogo nauchno-issledovatellskogo
instituta chernoy metallurgii.
(Ferrite (Steel constituent))
(Metal crystals)

d tu 00811dwil d Duhwm 99 Law
OWNSMIJAIlfwall d (M Ddftdw 99111ARUM IL YO.
(In Pussisal. Two specimens of a solid win. of diffievent
onoorntration were placed end to and to f4mm a compound
imen. U. after Annesding A a defwte temp. for a ftz"I
W onocentratkon 1. both parta .1 the ..
=
pound specimen Is mmrurad. the oceff. of dLffu6m can lie
elpressed m a funcUm of concentration of solute at a giv=
temp. At low concentrations of solute. the relation is
linaar , 1) - P, + at. The mathod of determining the
coefr. uf diffusion at a given Camp. fee low solute concentrations
is vetined by sulvtM the e4ustion. 0 (D. + leg! - et u
FZ . jg nder
m4th.umuncuttbo ua6on
bcuught into a form wh% uw,. . t= Zoe,
of the onnovattaticin of @ofuto to parts a the compound
specirturn, This Is compared with some experimental values
in 9110, OWAS of the diffU111001 Of C (RtO FO at I IOW C. for 61 -3
hr.. and is found to agree cxtvcme@y well.-Z. S. B.
I-- rqL
&uA
4A@ f6tXLS

USSR/Metals - Pearlite
Jul $0
"Theory of Pearlite Growth," B. Ya. Ly-ubov, Inst
of Metallophys, Cen Sci Res Inst of Ferrous Met-
alS
"Zhur Tekh Fiz" Vol XX, No 7, PP 872-879
Presents mathematical physical study of concen-
trations C of carbon in austenite, pearlite, etc.,
(ca" Csj Cf., cpp Cac, etc.) as functions of V
(atomic volume of carbon), T, rho (radius of cur-
vature of interphase surface). Sets up two-di-
mensional partial differential equation describ-
ing diffusion (C vs x,y,t; D: diffusion
USdk/ketals - Pearlite
(Contd)
164TE57
Jul 50
coefficient of carbon in austenite; So: periodic
interplastic distance in pearlite)@ Submitted
3 Mar 49.
164IM7

The Influence of the stresses ' Ing In the disfnte
of solid solutions 9a the rate of growth of thejuLdsLpflan'town
pbAce. B. Y,,OrLyubov. Zhur. Tekh. Pis. 20, 1.144-52
11, 490; cf. C.A. 47, 9126g.
10305g.-Calens. are reported @hicfj show that strLsses
adsing from trartsitiorts in structure in Cite system Fe-C
accelerate the growth of the ferrite grains It is @-stin%ed
that the stresses developing in the gro-th of the midei of
the new rhase lie within the elastic limit. Under the m-
duence o these stresm the max. of the curve %howing the
mte of growth of the nuclei Is raised considerably ,n,j di-@
placed to lower ternO. M. G Nfjor,@--

Rate o( Growth of the Nuoleus of a Now Phase During (he
otbermal DeCOMIN sition of a 80114 solution. -1 '4
'If"K(a Y , Wd Nauk S.S.S.R., 1950, 72, (2t_@-2T7,31t-!
1,9150, 44, 10126).-Iln Itussian]. A theoretical
expression was derived to w-count for a slower rate of growth
of small nuclei than that given hy the diffumion rate of the
solute. This slow rate is espceially noticeable in the liptn.
of a new Shaso from a supercooled hyTocutectold solid soln.
b.'ing ifferent compn. and structure. Two processes are
necessary for the growth of isuch nuclei: re-farmatior of the
solute lattice and movement ofsoluto atoms acrom the nucleus
interface. In the Wtial stage of nucleus growth, when its
size is just above tile critical size, change in the solvent occurs
slowly and the solute concentration at the surfacoofthe nuclews
is almost unchanged. However, the equilibrium concentra.
tionofouch a nucleus is largo. At this stage the rate of growth
is wholly determined by the kinetics of latti" deformation.
Beyond a critical nuclous size the rate of growth is determined
&-t4j M I Ch IV)

1A 17/2T011
USSR/Physics - Steel 21 00t 50
Influence of Concentration Stresses Upon the
Speed of Lateral Growth of the Pearlite Grain,"
L. I. Aleksandrov, B. Ya. Lyubov, Inst of Metal
Studies and Phys of Metals, Cen Sci Res Inst of
Ferrous Metallurgy
"Dok Ak Nauk" Vol LXXIV, No 6, pp lo8i-lo84
Math treatment of diffusion eq to clarify compara-
tively great speeds of decay of sclid soln for temp
where speed of normal diffusion is small. Sub-
mitted 22 Jul 50 by I. P. Bardin.
17M1

AlaKSANDROV, La..;-J@WBOT, R&Ta.. kand. fiz.-mat. nauk.
Iffect, of concentration stresses on the rate of pearlite grain
edge growth. Probl. metallovedo i fiz. met. no.2.1256-270 151.
(Steel-Ketallography) (Strains and stresses) (MA 1114)

zkQdc@ 41111 hodwrosid ve 41 Cho mmudeft ar".
U. Via. Lyubm D#4&dy Akd. Ndsk S.S.S.R. 78,
fq&Wtgsl).-^ (kCQMkW AWY111414 is 11111114112 Of KUMYU-
f"Ov's MMUnim of "Istsumsite fortmallon (d. ZAar. jrfkh.
of a doubtly-oorwave letto with M-C R. where H is the mi.
thickness Wall R if the rotim. the Vol. of the crys"I is
rllJPPJvWIhvvurf,kv&svoI*:.RI- Tbricksticstmain
dw cly"Al C"Mft a displamawal of the cuirface larwrit jw@
portionitj to 0 ttmft (be to*kmm W (he cc yaw.whirfir 0 de.
Iwatta an crystakWisplik factum. The classic defurtita.
I ion about Ike crystal is an I!* order of ill N. &W It thip V4.
affected is 4w Aii/3, Then the elissitic cmfgv is an the cwtkt of
,prifil", whem -I o'GleantlGlo Ike dicar toodulum. The
to"
y. AP. as the rricult cif Amirminto &
y't;I is. -AF
A - ( sok"1112) + #.Owftl +
'J'F
ttist [be frtot-emmy chana accompanying
'be tnutdom"dom 01 a tutit Vol. of amatertite to mairtensite,
aticl a Is thir imiurface cocM. The most probabit
relatitrv
dimsecusionsi 01 the m4"ittisite crystal. fouvA by setting
4&F - 0 for coust. Vol.. am a 3,11.14 n
4. -4p"U&O"j
fur Ow rate of raqlW Smirlb, to. P.;@ of crowth In thickut".
to, aft dwrived and the4i Casio is ft/ra - 2e/3vil. wbkb 1144
a max. valm 9; 203-tff.,ft. no It - I" - WoMA& The
rate of todlaj crow(h is always tbo cm-Atitc. Attew the
tv"hicif tif twimitritticy belie"Cl 41to SUS491114-1 and timistrmito
OW 111111111411 44 The m4ste"out tritymal rrmtins con,it At it.
OW value. Ro. Thu thiclimess may im-ream to the cquil-
A F. arith
value ahm@A) it A)"tecrraw,
4mrsaj,,, temp dtv, the rquil thtc%"M. Tlhb ti-
(Oct Wit licto tr(mirt"I liv Kurtivusimm It, "Us* CA-
P6.4k. 'f iortfiatioci mvw- liti-V tl- equil tbkkn-, I,
vffvctt@% t@c A G Ga v
V4* - NX& r7l", V24@ 4 &U

LYUBOV, B.Ta., redaktor; HIMTLOTA, T.T., takhnichaskiy redaktor
[Problems of astallograpby and the phrelcu of metals; third
collection] Problamy metallovedeniis. i fiztkl ustallov; tratit
sbornik trudov. Moskva. Goa. nanchno-takhn. tzd-vo lit-ry po
chernoi i tsystuol metallurgit, 1952. 384 P. (Kicrofilml
(KLRA 7:10)
1. Moscow. TS@ntrallrqy nauchno-Iseled,ovatellskiy institut
cbernoy metallurgii,
(Metallurgy) (Hatallography)

VA.
USSR/Metals - Steel, Structural Analysis Apr 52
"The Field of Stresses Originating During the De-
composition of a Solid Solution Near the Spherical
Nucleus of the New Phase," L. N. Aleksandrov, B. Ya.
Lyubov, Inst of Metal Studies and Phys, TsNIIChM (Cen
Sci Res Inst of Ferrous Metallurgy)
"Dok Ak Nauk SSSR" Vol LXXXIII, No 6, Pp 833-835
Analyzes effect of stresses, caused by decompn of
solid soln, on growth rate of new-phase nucleus and
applies results obtained to calcn of stresses 'in-
duced in supercooled austenite (T= 9930 K) of hy-
poeutectoid concn around sepg ferrite grain. Sub-
mitted by Acad I. P. Bardin 29 Feb 52.
223T48

n c f
n w-, 1 v T T T'@
st of RuEsian Accecs4

MSR/Metals - Structural Analysis j ur, 52
"Influence of the Concentration Stresses on ti-,e Dif-
Eusion Processes in Solid SQolutioLs," D. Ya. Lyubov,
R. S. Fastov, Inst of Metal Studies ana Phys ol:
Aetalu
"Dcl@ Ak Nauk 3SSR" Vol I-XXXIV, Vo 5, pi, 93@-)-941
Using phenomenological method, develops eq of dif-
rusion which takes into consideration elestic
stresses caused by nonuniform distribution of r@Ls-
solved substance in solid soln. These stresse--, de-
creasing with equalization of concn affec' dLffusion
process, sometimes to sitch an e;:tent that-,
223T54
disregarding them may result in considerable discre-
pancy between calcd and exptl data. Submitted by
Acad I. P. Bardin 12 Apr 52.
223T54

USSR/Engineering - Heat, Processes Aug 52
"Heating Lump Materials Under Conditions of Counter
flow," G. P. Ivantsov and B. Ya. Lyubov, Cen Sci
1'.es InGt of Ferrous Metallurgy
"DAN SSSR" Vol 85, 140 5, PP 993-995
Develops soln of problem posed as follows: load
of balls of given dia and initial temp moves at
steady rate down shaft of given height and cross-
section; gas of definite initial temp is blown up-
ward through shaft; it is required to find temp
field in single ball as function of time., and
239T62
variation in gas temp along shaft. Equations ob-
tained permit to calc heat exchange in blast fur-
naces with greater precision then could be done
by approx method previously developed by B. I.
Kitayev. Submitted by Acad I. P. Bardin 19 Jun 52.
239r(2

USSROhysica - Reat Conduction 11 Sep 52
"Initial Heating of Immobile Layer of Spheres by
a Current of Hot Gas," G. P. Ivantsov, B. Ya. Lyu-
bov, Cen Sci Res Inst of Ferrous Metallurgy
"Dok Ak Nauk SSSR" Vol 86, No 2, pp 293-296
Discusses soln of the problem concerning the
initial heating of the layer of lumpy material by
means of a current of hot gases, taking into ac-
count the temp drop with respect to thickness of
the piece. Sets up the eqs involving radius of
spberes, initial temp. temp of gas, velocity of
235To6
the gas, cross section for the gases, etc.
Sol-ves by means of Laplace transformations.
Stftitted by Acad I. P. Bardin 6 Jul 52.
235Tlo6

LYUBOV, B. Ya.
Dissertations "The Theory
Dr Phys-Math Sci, Kharlkov
Moscow, No 10, May 54)
of Isotherndc Phase Conversions of Metals and AUoys.'
State U, Kharlkov. 1953). (Referativnyy Zhurnal-Khixiya,
SO: SUM 318. 23 Dec 1954

LYUM, B. Ya.
Metallurgical Abst.
Vol. 21 MaY 1954
Structure
*Thi- 96d Of Pw* 2146razation ArLdug During Decom-W
PodUon d a loud NU a on eug
of the New Ph=. W@ N. Ate ndrov and 5. i@&-I @1,151xjv
(Dkkdy AW. Na.T779.T-TJ.-T, 91, (3)1-
Russian]. Hath. Equations are developed for the. rate (if
growth of spherical nuclei from staponuturated -olid soln.
which take into consideration the effect of plasti, duf(,ruia-
tion, and they are applied to isothermal growth (if rprrite
from austenite. The chief conclusion reachud im that the
strcs--es set up by the transformation cause. the proec.,is to be
autocata!@-tic. 6 ref. (TraoAlated by th-- U.S. National
Science Foundation (NSF-tr-95)).-D.'.M. 11.
N((ChM

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LYMOV, B. Ya.
(Boris Yakovievich)
"Tdeory of Isothermal Phase Transformntions in 1,ctals and ;,Iloys,"
(Dissertations), Academic Degree of Doctor in Physiomathematical Sciences,
based on his defense, 27 February 1954, in the Council of Kharlkov State
U im. Gor'kiy.
Central Sci Res Inst of Ferrous Metallurgy.
W@-14- 3,054,772, 2 Oct 57

HUXE-ROrMY, William; LYIJBOV, B@T.&., redaktbr Ctianslator]; SHLISSKIY,
Ya.P., redaktor R; anslA&O..
[Atomic theory for students of metallurgy. Translated from the
English] Atomnaia teoriia dlia metallurgov. Perevod a angliiskogo
i redaktaiia B.IA.Liubova i IA.P.Sellaskogo. Moskva, Gos.nAucho-
tekhn.izd-vo lit-ry po chernoi i tovetnoi metallurgii, 1955. 332 p.
(mLRA 9:4)
(Atomic theory) (Electrons) (Metals)

LYUBOV, B.Ya.,redaktor;BWKNR, O.G.. tekhnichaskiy redaktor.
[Problems of physical metallurgy and the physics of metals; fourth
collection of papers] Problemy-metallovedeniia i fiziki metallov;
chetvertyi sbornik tr-idov. Mosk7a, Goe.nauchno-takhn.1zd-ro lit-r7
po chernoi i tavetnoi metallurgii, 1955. 6-10 p. (MLEL-, 8:9)
(Hatallurgy)
6- qII 79, 1-1 JxL "7-

USSA/Solid State Physics - Diffusion, Sintering, E-6
Abst Jou-nal: Referat Zhur - Fizika, No 12, 1956, 34750
Author: Borisov, V. T., Lyubov, B. Ya.
Institixtim: None
Title: On the Theory of the Method of Determining the Diffusion Coefficient frm
the Boundaries of the Grains of Metals
Original Periodical: Fiz. metallov i metallovedeniye, 1955, 1. No 2, 289-302
Ilbstract: Mathematical foundation and a refinement are given for the method of
determining the diffusion coefficient from the boundaries of grains of metals,
based on the Fisher model (Fisher, I. C., Jr. Appl. Phys., 1951, 22, 74).
/ '0'r / - 1 -

L y U 13 0 V) 6, Y@q'
Category : USSR/Solid State Fhysics - Fhase Trcnsrormation in E-5
Solid Bodies
Abs Jour ; Rof Zhur - Fizikp, No @, 1;,57, No 6616
Author :Lyubov, B.Ys.
Title :4Meory of the Growth of Cantors of P Now Fheso in iscthermpi
Decomposition of Austerite.
Orig Fub :Tr. Nauch.-tekhn. o-vq chernoy metillurgii, 195.r,, 5, 30-44
Abstract :A thecretical analysis has becr, made of the zrovith of certers
of a new phase in the isothermal decomposition of supcrcooled
austenite. The new phnse (ferrite, cementite or pearlite)
differs frcm the initiel cpe (custenite) both in its structure
as well as in its composition. Consequently, the redis-
tribution of the dissolvad metter combinev in the phace
transition with the transition of the solvent from ene
structural form to Pnothor. The kinetics of the process of
the growth of tho contor arej doterminod by which af the
particular components of its simple procesoco ceuoon a min-
imum rate of dispIRcomont of tho boundary botwoon the phases.
Thuo, for example, a schematic analysis of the growth of
the ferrite center (Dckl AN SSSR, 1952, 84, 277) shows that
Card ? 112

USSR/Crysta--s. B-5
Abs Jour Referat Zhur 1@himiya, 14o 6, 1-957, 183C6
Author B.Ya. L
nibccv, B.I. Maksimev.
Title '11eory -f retermination Methods of Concentration --12rerl-
dcnce of Diffusion Factors in Solii Solutions.
Ori..u Pub Probl. metallcv,@d. i fiz. matallov, sb.4: 1955, 543-569
Abstract The theory of a new method tc deterrLne the dependence of
the diffusion factor D on the concentration c is given.
A special method to determine D = f(c) by means of radio-
active indicators is developed. It is shown by examples
that in case cf thick layers, thE; new method y1eld's re-
sults close to results yielded by Matano's method, and
that thu usual methods of determination of D with radio-
active indicators yield values of D close to the mQan
val,ies in the concentration interval in question.
lard 1/1 - 68 -

KAMSHETSKAYA, D.S., kandidat fiziko-matematichaskikh nank-,
; ROSENEW, IF.M. , =II&T-a
kandidat fiziko-matematicheakikh n =2 T- L
takhnichoolcikh van .
"Metallograph.v.9 S.S.Shteinberg. Reviewed by D-S.Kwenetskala,
B.IA.Liubov, V.M.Rotenberg. Stall 15 no.l-.95-96 Ja 155. (MIRA 8:5)
1. Organizatmiya VNITOM pri TsKIIChH.
(NotallographY) (Physical metallurg7) (Shteinberg, S.S.)

An6i
bi*#ons
uo
P74M
w7 In, @ - -. @ 11 - i 1.

T j T
ACC NRI AF6Oi8526 ODE: UR/0181/66/008/006/1685/1689.
AUTHOR: Lyubov, B. Ya.; SolovIyev, V. A.
ORG: Central Scientific-Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy im. 1. P. Bardin,
Moscow (Tsentrallnyy nauchno-lasledavatellskiy institut chernoy metallurgii)
TITLE: Kinetics of disintegration of dislocation cracks on the polygonal walls of
edge dislocations
SOURCE: Fizika tverdogo tela, Y. 8, no. 6, 1966, 1683-1689
TOPIC TAGS: crystal dislocation phenomenon, ci-jstal defect, crack propagation, meta-
stable state, surface property, relaxation process, brittleness, hardening
ABSTRACT: The authors analyze the decay of metastable dislocation cracks on poly-
gonal walls of edge dislocations, the decay being the result of diffusion aver the
surface of the crack. It is pointed out in the introduction that formation of d-is-
locations along one side of a crack is energetically favored and that the diffusion
on the surface of the crack is the more likely mechanism of disappearance of disloca-
tion cracks at low temperatures. The time evolution of the diffusion of the atoms
over the sjxface of the crack from the base of the crack, which is under compression
into the mouth of the crack, which is under tension, is described and the dislocation
distribution produced during such an evolution is calculated. The decrease in volume
accompanyIng the crack disintegration Is also calculated as well as the relaxation
times characterizing the process. It is concluded that dislocation cracks should
2

ACC NR: Ap6o18526
disintegrate as a result of diffusion on the vertical polygonal walls of its disloca-
tions, with a decay time that depends strongly on the number of dislocations forming
the crack. This disintegration probability is the cause of the experimental cliffi-
culty of observing microcracks. The process counteracts the development of cracks
and consequently prevents brittle failure. The effect of this process onjja@reni@
produced by heat treatment is briefly mentioned. Orig. art. has: 24 formulas and
2 figures.
SUB CODE: 20/ suBm DATE: i3oct65/ ORIG REF: 0031 oTH Ru: oo4
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LYUBOV, B.Ta.: ROYTBURD, A.L.
Unsteady period In the nucleation of new phase centers
during isothermal phase transformations in a airgle-
component system. Dokl. AN SSSR III no-3:63o-633 N 156.
(MLRA 10:2)
1. Institnt metallovedent7a I fiziki metallov TSentral'nogo
nauchno-isBIedovatel'skogo instituta chernoy metallurgii.
Predstavleno akademikom G.V. Kurd7umovym.
(Phase rule and equilibrium)

, -
3
Translation from Referativnyv zi-.urnal. ig5b. Nr 2 p 42 4USSR)
AUTHOR. Lyubov, B. Ya
TITLE Physicoma0ernatical Methods for Analyzing the Kinetics of the So',,.-
dification and Formation of the Structure ot,a Metal Ingot f.Fiziko-
-matematicheskiye metod\; anahe,,a kinetiki zatverdevaniva i formiro-
vaniya st-ukt,irv metalliche-skogo sl,.tka)
PERIODICAL V sb, Fiz -klini osno,,\,, proiz-, a st@!; Moscow. AN SSSR.
1957, pp @' @9 - -148 D:sI a iron
tran,sforination on alloying corresponds to the change
of that of the self-diffusion. From their equation the
authors conclude that alloying can reduce the rate of
rearrangement of the iron lattice to such an extent that
it becomes rate-controlling.. To calculate the rate of
grow-th of pea-rllte gralns depending on diffusion of carbon
in alloyed austenite, the authors use their previous
(Ref 12) results, allowing for the considerable infliLence
Card 2/4

sov/i26-8-2-10/26
Contribution on the Influence of Alloying on the Kinetic3 of the
Pearlite Transformation
of concentrating strains on diffusion. Calculated values
of pearlite-transformation rate are close to or considerably
higher than experimental for unalloyed or chromium steel,
respectively. A form of the diffusion equation is solved
by the authors in their previous manner (Ref 12) to give
relations for pearlite-growth rate in the formation of
ferrite-carbide mixture where this is limited by
diffusional redistribution of the alloying element in
austen-ite. They conclude that t1ais could not be the rate--
controlling factor for chromium, nickel, manganese and some
other alloying elements with a high activation energy of
diffusion, but could be for elements such as molybdenum.
The authors then deduce kinatic equations for 'the pearlite
transformation for control by iron-lattice rearrangement,
by carbon diffusion and alloying element diffusion. They
calculate kinetic curves for 50% transformation of austenite
in unalloyed (Figure 1) and alloyed (o.4*01 C, 8.500 Cr) steel
and consider a steel with 0.5@o Cr and o.4% C; then compare
Card3/4

sov/126-8-2-10/26
Contribution on the Influence of Alloying on the Kinetics of the
Pearlite Transformation
calculated and experimental results. With over 2.50'0 Cr,
the pearlite transformation rate is governed by the poly-
morphic transformation. TheIr results show that the
views of Frye, Stansbury McElroy (Ref 'q) that the
rearrangement mechanism is rate controlling in eutectoidal
unalloyed steel are incorrect. There are 2 figures and
18 references, of which L4 are Soviet and 4 English.
ASSOCIATION. Moxdovskiy gosudar,-;tven-nyy iiniversitet (Mordovskiy
State University)
Institut, metallmadeniya i fiziki metallov TsNIICh1N1
(Institute of Metallurgy and Metal Physics of TsNIIChM)
SUBMITTED; June 14, 1958
Card 4/4

PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION sov/4344
Soveshcbaniye po teorii liteynykh protsessov, 4th
Kristallizatsiya metallov; trudy soveshchaniya (Crystallization of Metals;
Transactions of the Fourth Conference on the Theory of Casting Processes)
Moscow.9 izd-vo AN SSSR, 1960- 325 P. 3,200 copies printed.
Sponsoring Agency: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Institut mashinovedeniya. Komissiya po
tekhnologii mashinostroyeniya.
fLesp. Ed.: B. B. Gulyayev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor; Ed. of
Publishing House: V. S. Rzheznikov; TLach. Ed.-. S. G. Tikhomirova.
PURPOSE: This book is intended for metallurgists and scientific workers. It
may also be useful to technical personnel at foundries.
COVERAGE: The book contains the transactions of the Fourth Conference (1958) on
the Theory of Casting Processes. [Tbe previous 3 conferences dealt with
hydrodynamics of molten wtalB (1955) solidification of metals (1956), and
shrinkage processes in castings (1957@1. General problems in the crystal-
lization of metals, inc1nding the crystallization of constructional steels,
Cs.0-1f6-

Crystallization of Metals (Cont.) SOV/4344
pecial propertles, cast iron, and of nonferrous al-ioys, are
alloy steels with s
discussed. EL-cognition is given to D. K. Chernov and N. T. Gudtsov and their
students, B. B. Gulyayev and A. G. Spasskiy, for their contributions to the
understanding of the basic problems involved in the theory of crystallization
of ferrous and nonferrous metals and alloys. Academician A. V. Shubnikov is
also mentioned in connection with his work on the planning of research on
crystal formation. References accompany several of the articles.
TABLE OF CONTENTS-
Foreword
3
Gulyayev, B. B. Crystallization of Metals 5
I. GENERAL PROBLEMS IN THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF METALS
Lyubaj.B. Ya. Calculation of the Rate of Crystallization of Metal
E-Ucrip -V-01&1-- s 35
Mirkin, 1. L. Crystallization of Complex Alloys 43

32291R
3/,-, "/@;10/00 2/027/,@-2-/
Z i Ir.
3.1a. anL -@'a so S
TITLE: Cn t.ic i-Iroblem @)f Diffusion in a PlasticaLl-,-
Defor:.-,cd '.ediu;::
-izi'-a ;:;c@allo-z i -.:etallovedeniye, 196@, Vol. lf-@
L
N 313' @12
.o. 2, :,
T 7".1e iorl: of S.A. Dowi@-,,r 1) and
2) is said to coutain 2rrors. :-'oreovo2r, --lese
-ot ta':e into account t"12 -.)os--iblc variation of
diffusion coefficient D ti:-.-.e. Sim,-.-ons and Dorn (-Icf.
have obtained a diffutsion ccp@ition 'Lr:iich is not subject to
a
L..e latter 1ii-.i-itation, altholi,.-Ii met'liod is Unnecess, r ly
involved and difficult to un(lerstand. The present aut:io--s
report -- clearer derivz@tion Df t:ie diffusion ecuatioa for a
plastically deforming mediu;:i and indicate the met:-@od .,'icreloy
this equation can be solved. Let i be the flow density
of the diffusinZ substance, v: the velocity of displacei-.ien---
of t:-ic :-.iediuri at a given point and c the concentratijn.
TI--e e.-c-)ression for j is
C,-rd 1/3

32291 R
On the Proble;-.i of .... EO32/E314
j D (t c + vc
Tl,-ic con--Anui,@y ez-.uatiDn and t'-c fact that tl,-,e medium is
incor.:)ressible lead. to t'ic followin@; equation for t'ie one-
di::,.elisionz-.1 case
y...
dc wC d,
- D (t@ - v ,
of o.0
In t'lae case of a :iomoScneous ::-.odiu-i
i
v
(2)
Cr C is tlie t.iicl:ness of t:ic S-)ecii-.ien, iliicn is a
.unction of tilme, and
is t:@e L-Iist@ll-lce t'-? surface of t',.e s eci..-,on
Cnrd2/U" C-,- IZO-10 ou.ler ii.--ed

3229 1R
10/ 0 U 2/ 0 2 7/ 0 2,
-:10 1- o o
L
C o: -. :1) i n i n L; '-7 cl s a n C. (2)
oc
D a)
of
--:ic bour.C,-.ry conditions ein,31oycc: v.-it:a Eq. are
oc v6j.,-, ac
0 rlpll x 0 r1pli x
ox,l
Usin@@ tlie substitution
In
D Wj dt'.
W)
C a:: c: CS

32291R
26/60/010/002/02-7/02-' /,@X
On t,-ie @,roble:-., of ....
where is t7,e t.-iicl-ness of t,,e s--)eci:-ien at the init -i@ I
0
instant of tir.-io, Eqs. (3) aad (31) can be transformed to real
, r J-,C.
at d@2
ac dc
.,i en 0 t'ie solution t:),@ s equation can be
to be ('-:yunts :@ef.
C 11.
or C C0 (X) = C is the concentration a" t:-.e i-ni--ial
instant of ti:nc. in t',e ccse w'.,ere a tain layer of t.-.c -,*--f-'
Card LI/US

32291R
.1 L *. 10 @:17 01) 1 (1, n 0 f. . . .
s.!I@@'Gancc is doposited or. surfoce of the s:)cc.4i:,,cii
G %6 (x) and 6 e c: ei@ afunc t on
0
--o ',:I-.c f o 11 o,.,,i n,- e.,.;)r c s .5 i o n
A
41 i,xp
ID W) e- di' 4e2. (1) .1 D it') ecit' (7)
u
e ln
As I*ias been )ointed out abov2, Zq. (7) -.,as obtainec: ')y
Si..i..ions (Rcf. _7@) by a very -.1ore com-)licated met'lod.
an initial ste-) chan@;e Li. t:le concentration, as is zlio
case -.-rit'n thick layers (co c wh on x ' 0 ,
co = c 2 wh on 0 Eq. (6) yields
Card 5/3

32291R
s/126/60/010/002/027/--2-2
On the Probleni of E032/E314
C2 C C
C 2
C, - CI C2 ICI
rf
2 2
Wi e
T.ie solution given by -7q. (3) i-,; -i,Dt nonmal :sable with respect
to x , i.e.
c(-:, t)dz / const.
0
for all instants of time, as sl'.oulcl be t7ie case v.-'ie'n
tiii'cImess of an incomn:-,ressible material is alterecl. C C:
Card, 6/6

On the Problem of
3229 IR
S/126/6o/olO/OC2/027/028/x-x
E052/E314
other hand the volump iiitogral of the concentratic)n
evaluated for a rectangular parallelipiped .-:lt:i unit crc)z;@-
section at t = 0 and constant volume should be equal to
a constant, i e.
cdx dy dz = SW c (x t)dx - A
0 S
and since S . e le @ e"C , tiie normalisation condition bf@comes
00
c(x, t) dx =
0
A Ae E(t)
S ( t
(9)
The expressionsfor the concentration @@iven by Dovnar and
Romashkin (Refs. 1. 2) are in error because they do not
Card 7/8

32291R
S/126/60/010/002/027/028/xx
On the Problem of E052/E3i4
satisfy the normalising condition (Eq. 9) @@iven here
(Abstractor's note this is an abridged translation)
There are 4 refprences- 3 Soviet and 1 non-Soviet
ASSOCIATION Institut metallovedeniya 1 f iziki meta-I lov
TsNIIChM (Institute of Motal lurgy and Pli,,sic s
of Metals TsNIIChM)
SUBIMITTED March 28 1960
C:Ird 6/6,

A? D's-6 0 68985
AUTHORS- Lyubov, B.Ya., Roytburd, A.L. S/02o/6o/131/02/024/071
BO13/BO11
TITLE: Energy Relations in'lartensite Tran8formatiorl
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1960, Vol 131, Nr 2, PP 303-305 (USSR)
ABSTRACT-, The authors derive the energy relations mentioned in the title under
the following simplified premises: The pure shear k along the habit
plane (gabitusnaya ploskost@) zx is selected as the deformation with
an invariant plane, The presence of a net of dislocations on the
interface allows to neglect the deformations within the martensite
crystal. The forces acting upon the martensite crystal from the
deformed matrix, oomDensate with the forces of the surface tension
on the interface between the phases. These premises are bound to
influence the numerical results of computation to a certain degree.
This can, however, be taken into the bargain, because the investiga-
tion under review aims at determining only certain general rules.
Therefore, the anisotropy of the elastic properties of the material
is also neglected with a view to simplifying calculations. The
stressed state and the energy of the deformations occurring with the
formation of an isolated martensite crystal; carw be solved by solving
the plane problem of the theory of elasticity, This solution holds for
the region situated outside the elliptic hole (at the edge of which
Card 1/3 the dislocations u - ky + ax; v - ay are given), Here, x and y denote

68985
Energy Relations in Martensite Transformation S/020/60/131/02/024/071
B013/BO11
Card 2/3
the coordinates of the point at the edge of the opening, u and Y
the components of the shift toward the x- and y-axis respectively, k
the shear, and a the dilatation parameter. By using function-
theoretical methods one finds the following relation for the specific
energy of elastic deformations; E0 - '@"(1+ 1) k2+a2 b
2 1 2 V 2 a
+ '@- '2@ + A4 (1 a . Here, A denotes the shear modulus, a
2 b
and b the semimajor and semiminor axis of the ellipse (which con-
stitutes the cross section of the martensite crystal) and X- 3 - 4-u
holds. V denotes PoissonOs ratio, The free energy of the system changes
with the formation of a martensite orysial which is coherent with
the matrix, by AF - -(AF 0n - C)ab + Aa + Bb2 + as, Here, A F 0
denotes the change in the fichemical" energy in the transition of a
unit volume of the old phase into the new modification, and d denotes
the surface tension. The authors then determine a relation for the
energetically optimum dimensions of the martensite crystal, With
increasing growth of the crystal the ratio b/a decreases and tends
toward a certain limit. If dila+aticn does not change (a-0), the
relation b2 /a - const holds for the growth of the crystal, I.e.,

68985
Energy Relations in Martensite Transformation S/020V60/131/02/024/071
B013/ 1,011
the curvature of the elliptic surface of the crystal and of its growing
edge remains constant. From the standpoint of thermodynamics the
growth of the crystal is of interest only under a certain condition
which is given here. There are 3 figures and 7 references, 1 of
which is Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Institut metallovedeniya i fiziki metallov Tsentrallnogo nauchno-
isaledovatellskogo inatituta chernoy metallurgii (Institute of
Metallurgy and Metal Physics of the Central Scientific Research
Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy)
PRESENTED: October 19, 1959, by G.V. Kurdyumov, Academician
SUBMITTED: October 15, 1959
Card 3/3

ATHHORS -Lyubov, B. Ya., Roytburd, A. L@ 3/020/60/131/04/025/073
B013/BO07 W
TITLE: Temperature Conditions on the Surface of a Growing Martensite
Crystal
PERIODICAL3 Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1960, Vol 131, Nr 4, pp 809-812 (USSH)
TEXTs The authors of the present paper made the attempt of estimating the
temperature conditions at various sites of the crystal surface in consideration
of its shape. The solution of the problem of thermodynamic growth of the
martensite crystal furnishes the true value of the moving force of this process.
Mention is made of various earlier papers which are based only on qualitative
considerations, whereas the solution of the afore-mentioned problem requires a
quantitative investigation of the relations between heat emission and heat
conduction from the growing surface. The shape of the crystal, which is
usually not taken into account, is of great importance to such investigations.
The martensite crystal may be described as an elliptic cylinder with a small
ratio b/a of the semiazes of the cross section. From the minimum condition
holding for the energy of distortions of the crystal it follows for the radius
of curvature of the crystal edge that q - b 2/a - (A/B)a + 26/B. In this case it
Card 1/4

Temperature Conditions on the Surface of a Growing S/020/60/131/04/025/073
Martensite Crystal B013/BO07
holds that A - /L(I + 2/2 1 B + (1/z))x(k 2 + Q2 )/2; 3 - 4 V;
a and Ic denote the coefficient of linear expansion and the shear modulus of
macroscopic deformstion in the conversion of martensite, )LA@ and Y' - the torsion
modulus and Poieson's ratio of the austenite die, a - surface tension at the
interface between austenite and martenBite. As soon as the crystal dimensions
exceed a certain critical size, the rate of growth in the longitudinal direction
is determined by the rate of shift of those dislocation9which form the inter-
face between the crystal and the surrounding die. In this direction the crystal
grows with the constant rate v, so that Q - 1 vt + 1-6 holds. The determination
B B
of temperature on the edges of the crystal can be reduced to the determination
of temperature on the vertex of a parabola moving along the x-axis with
constant velocity. aT . L2T . 1 aT holds for the temperature field round the
aX2 aY2 5@ 31t
crystal, where -X denotes thermal diffuBivity@ The solution of this equation
obtained for the corresponding conditions is written down. This solution can
be used also in the case of a time-variable temperature field. q is approximate
Card 2/4

Temperature Conditions on the Surface of a Growing S/020/60/131/04/025/073
Martensite Crystal B013/BO07
ly constant and equal to 2a/B in the first stage of the process with t