SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT LAYNER, D.I. - LAYNER, V.I.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000928910004-8
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 13, 2001
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT


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KCC-NC- I CODE; UH/26RE
AT600647 SOURCE
AlYTHOU: L
ayner, D. I.; Kurakin, A. K~
C)PG: State Scientific Research and_PAsjW.jXkqjitv
Eetalworking$ nauchno- "Losledovatel i3kiy i proyelctnyy institut
splavov i obrabotki tovetnykh meta 110y)
TITLE: The.reaction_~Liffufjion of iron in-to aluminum
SOURGE.- Moscow. Gosudaretyenriyy nauchno-issledovatellskiy i proyektnyy institut
splavov i obrabotki tsvetnykh metallov. Trudyp no. 24, 1965- Metallovedeniye i
obrabotka tsvetnykh metallov i splavov Netal science and the treatment of nonferrous
metals and alloys), 124-130
TOPIC TAGS: aluminum, iron, aluminum compound, intermetallic compound/ AVOOO
aluminum, A
ABSTRACI- This investigation was undertaken to resolve the present contro.'.~ersy
concerning the nature of the cbmpounds formed in the solid state diffusion of iron
into aluminum. Electron and x-ray diffraction spectra of bimetallic specimens con-
sisting of Armco A iron and high purity aluminum AVOOO were investigated. The alumi-
num coating of the specimens was of sufficient thickness (2 and 6 14 to yield a
characteristic aluminum x-ray pattern, as suggested by TY1. M. Umanskiy and M. P.
Shaskol'skaya (zhTF9 19641 VYP- 11, t- 14, str. 1283--1290). The experimental results
Card 1/3

L 24432-FD6
ACC NRs AT6oo6479
are presented in graphs and tables (Bee pig. 1), It was found that the solid stete
diffusion of iron in-to.aluminum begins at 350C and gives rise to the formation of the
compotmd FeAl . At higher temperatures (up to 400C) Fe2Al is formed, and at 650C'th6
3 5
formation of AAI takes place.
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ORIG REFf 007/ all- RES: 005

L'28857_66 EVIT 12(c) jr) /Vi p
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ACC NRs AP6010411 SOURCE CODE: UR/0126/66/021/003/0466/0467
AUTHOR: Layner, Do 1.a; Bay, A. S.; Gi~ldengorn, 1. S.
ORG: Giprotsvetqet2kSjkjtkg,~
~TITLE: On the mechanism of the oxidation f iron
lov i metallovedentye, v, 21, no. 3, 1966, 466-467
SOURCE: Fizika metal
TOPIC-TAGS: metal oxidatilon, iron, iron compound, physical diffusion, ion, physical
chemistry theory.
ABSTRACT: There is a discrepancy between two theories of this mechanism. Thus, Pfeil.
(Iron and Steel Inst., 1929, 119, 501) established that the dominant factor in the
oxidation of iron is the diffusion of Fe ions through the scale, whereas Davies et
al. (J. Metals, 1951, 3, 10t 889) and Himel et al. (J. Metals, 1953, 5, 6, 827)
believe tha oxygen diffusion accounts two-thirds for the formation of Fe304 layers
and entirely for the formation of Fe 0 3 layer and consider the diffusion of cations
as the dominant factor in the oxidation of iron. To clear up this discrepancy, the
authors performed a simple experiment: specimens of armco iron were oxidized in air
~at 1000*C until a Fe203layer several microns thick ha4 formed. After this, a plati-
num tag (wire of 100-p diameter) was placed on the surface of the specimen without
removing it from the furnace and the oxidation was continued for several hours.
C.,d 1/2 UDC: 669.018.85: 620.1

4,?~58-66
AWW9~-A~60305.55- SOURCE CODE: UR/0'13/66/000/016/0033/0033
T.
INVENTOR:- Tsvaug A - Rostunov, V. F. ; Qglovnj8,, B. A. ; Turetrkaya,
R. A. Golubtsov, S. A. Laynce, D, va, L. A. Komrakgy
-1. ; Maly3he - --- ___a--Y,
ov, Wl~ I,"; 14asiasin. A. A.
Yezerets-,-'1'VT-'A, Maslyuk-...
ORG: none
ane.~ Class 12, L%TI;L.4
TITLE: Method of obtaining pL -]~-l
fannounced by State Sciemific, Resuarch Institute of State Dcsij_Yn and Planning
na of Nonfcrrous Metals (Gosudarstvennyy
Scientific Resear r the Processi
nauchno-issledovatel'sMy inj'iiu-t^ "Gij)t-otsveLr.)etobral)otlta")I
SOURCE: Nobreteniya, promyshlennyye obraztsy, t(,vurnyye.znaki, no. 16, 1966,1
33
TOPIC TAGS: piienylehlorosilene, chlorobenzene
ABSTRACT: An Author Certificate has been il~sued for obtaining, plhenylchloro-
silanes by the reaction of chlorobenzene with the silicon-coppel, contact mass in
the presence of an activator. To raise the yield of dipheny1dichlorosilane and to
Card 1/2 UDC: 547.419.5.07

ACC NR, AP6030558
increase the efficiciley of the process, zinc oxide, in amounts up to 476, is used
as the activator. [Translation) (NTJ
'SUB CODE: Il/ SUBM DATE: OlDecG4/
Card 2 2 Mt

ACC NR. AP700514i SOURCE CODE: UR/0126/66/022/004/0640/0640
AUTHOR; Pakhomov, V. Ya.; Kunakov, Ya. K.; Kachur, Ye. V.;I~~
ORG: Scientific Research and Design and Planning Institute of the Rare Metals Indus-
try (Nauchno-isaled. L proaktnyy institut redkometallicheskoy promyshlenn03ti)
.TITLE: The effect of microinhomogeneity on the critical points of superconducting
alloys
SOURCE: Fizika metallov L metallovedeniye, v. 22, no. 4, 1966, 640
TOPIC TAGS: critical pointj superconducting alloy, lattice defect, grain structure,
homogenIzation heat treatment, cast illoy
ABSTRACT: The effect of a homogenization anneal on the critical current density of
Nb-46% Ti and alloy-2 was studied. The purpose of this heat treatment was to elimi-
nate intercrystalline liquation which exists in the as-cast alloys. It is known that
the Lorentz force can cause a creep of magnetic current that may result in the loss
of superconductivity. Different. types of metallic defects Unhomogeneities, disloca-
tions, internal stresses, etc.) may act as stabilizers against the creep. For the ex-,
periments, 40-gram ingots were malted in a radiant are furnace with tungsten elec-
trodes in a purified helium atmosphere and homogenized in a vacuum furnace at 15000C.
The homogenized ingots were cold reduced into 0.25 Mm diameter samples. All samples
1/2 UDC: 537.312.62

1 had similar cold reductions. Critical current densities were measured in a trans-
verse magnetic field of 16 kilooersted at 4.20K. The critical current density was
given as a function of ingot homogenization time which ranged from 1 to 5 hours. In
both alloys, the critical currant density was lowered by homogenization. The criti-
cal current density for Nb-46% Ti 6ecreased linearly from about 1.8.104 a/CM2 in the
as-cast condition to about 104 a/cm2 after 5 hours of ingot homogenization. Alloy-2
dropped sharply from 2*104 a/cm? to about 104 a/cm2 after 1 hour of ingot homogeniza-
tion, and remained constant thereafter. All of the samples had a similar disloca-
tion density of 1011-1012 cm-2, characteristic of severely deformed metals. The
microstructure of'as-cast ingots showed intercrystalline liquation, which decreased
as a function of homogenization time. After 5 hours at 15000C, almost all of the
liquation was ab-'ent in both alloys. Analogous results were obtained in the alloys
Xb-75% Zr and 65 BNT in which the critical current density after homogenization
to 7.8.103 _103
changed from-1.3.104and 2.104 and 1.2 respectively. Orig. art. has:
1 figure.
SUB CODE: 20,4/ SUBM DATE: 02Feb66/ OTH REF: 001
2/2

ACC NR:
AP6036114 SOURCE CODE,: UR/0365/66/002/006/0692/06cg
'07HOR: Iayner, L. L; Slosareva, Ye. N.; Tsypin, X. I.; Bay, A. S.
;ORG: Scientific Research Institute for Alloys and the Working of Nonferrous Metals
'(Nauchno-issledovatelskiy institut splavov i obrabotki tsvetnykh metallov)
,TITIE: Oxidation mechanism of titanium alloys containing up to 11% aluminum
1SOUqCE: Zashchita. metallov, v. 2, no. 6, 1966, 692-699
!TOPIC TAGS; titanium containing alloy, metal oxidation, aluminum
LBSTRACT: A study was made of binary titan ium-aluninum alloys containing 0.01, 0.87,
12.85, 5.05, and 11.20 weight percent aluminum. The alloys were twice melted in an arc
4.
~.Lu_"nace with consumable electrodes, and then forged, rolled, annealed, and planed to
ieliminate the oxygen-saturated layer. The polished samples had dimensions of 1.2 x 1.2;
:X 1.5 am, wit]h an opening 2 mm in diameter. A day before the experiment, the samples
;were degreased in benzene and stored in a desiccator. The samples were charged into a
!resistance furnace with a working chamber 150 x 400 mm, heated to the given temperature..
iTeriperature variations in the furnace did not exceed + 5%- In some of the oxperiments`-
!stea.-, was supplied at a temperature of 6000. In this case, the atmosphere of the
ifurnace contained 60-70% water vapor. The rate of oxidation was detarmined by the
Igravimetric method. The effect of alloying on heat resi stance was evaluated from the
Card 1/2 uDc: 620.193,5---'

ACC NR:
AP6036114
relative change in weight of the samples. Phase analysis of -,',he scale and ol" t-he
!layers beneath the scale was done on a Type MS-501 diffractometer. The ex-perij;ental
iresults T.-ithrespect to the relative weight change of the alloys as a function of
14.eri-nerature, holding time, and composition of the gas medium are shown in a series of
le-L-ve-ir and tables. Based on the experimental data it is concluded that two basic
'- - anisrr's Play a role in the process of the oxidation of titanium-aluminum al I oys.
1,01'acbeleration of diffusion through the scale due to a shift of the ionic equilibrium
,as.a result of the entrance of trivalent aluminum ions into the titanium dioxide
2--ttice; 2) slowing down of the oxidat3.on when the amount of aluminum oxide in the
':scale increases to such an extent that there is formed a more or less thick layer of
A12.0 which hinders the diffusion of the titanium ions. Orig. art. has t, 2 figures
ana 4 tables.
SUB CODE. 11/ SIM11 DATE: 21Dec65/ ORIG RU: 0151 OM REF- 012

8W6
S/07o/60/005/00~~,)4ui'VO17
~,Y,3do (1a3S-, 161-3) E132/E36o
AUTHORS: MillvidskiX, 11,1.G Layner, L.V. and
qvsyannikova, S.
TITLE: DendritIc Structure in Single Crystals of SilicoJ
Grown from the Melt b~: ochralski.Is Method.
PERIODICAL: Kristallografiya, 1960, Vol. 5, No. 5,
pp. 817 - 818
TEXT: A dendritic structure -t%ras found in a number of specimens
of single crystals of silicon,~Iorientcd to show the 111 plane
and etched in a mixture of HV, HNO 3 and (CH3CO)20 in the ratio
of 1:3:3. The origin of this structure appears to be cry5tal-
lisation at a temperature below the temperature at which certain
impurities separate out from the molt. Here, dendritic growth
is most frequent when crystals are pulled out of technical sil-
icon (purity 99.7 - 99.80%). Dendrites are developed in-the
Ill planes and when a section across them is cut in the Ill
plane a picture is obtained which is very like that found in the
octahedral slipping in crystal of Ge and Si when dislocations are
developed. In purer materials dendrite formation is coanected
Card 1/2

84126
S/07o/60/005/005/015/0'17
E132/E360
Dendritic Structure in Single Crystals of Silicon Gro%,m from
the Melt by Czochralski.'s Method
with the presence of impurities (Ta, Ti, Fe, Mo) with solubilitiLes
-3 -4,,,-
within 1. ,e limits 10 to 10 6. Ingots grown from supercooled
melts also show this dendritic structure. It is most readily
shown on surfaces which have suffered light oxidation as a
result of etching. The growth of dendrites on slow cooling of
a melt in a vacuum has been observed (on the free surface of the
melt). Tile purer the Si the greater the supercooling at which
dendritic growth begins and the slower the growth is.
There are 3 figures and 3 references; 2 Soviet and 1 English.
ASSOCIATION- Gosudarstvennyy nauchno-issledovateliskiy i
proyektnyy institut redkometallicheskoy
promyshlennost.-L (State Scientific Research and
Design Institute for the Rare I-fetal Industryj
SUBMITTED: April 4. 196o
Card 2/2

89298
S/181/61/003/001/039/042
B102/B204
AUTHORSt Millvidakiy, M. 0. and Layner, L. V.
TITLE: Twine and dislocations in silicon single crystals
PERIODICAL: Pizika tverdogo tela, v. 3, no. 1, 1961, 289-296
TEXT: It was the aim of the authors to study the twin formation in the
growth of silicon single crystals, and to investigate the Interaction
between twins and dislocations. Twine containing Si single crystals,
grown in the [111] and [110] directions by the Chokhral'okiy method were
used for the purpose; the position of the twins was determined after
etching in 10% NaOH at 65-800C (20 min); the dislocation density was
determined from the etch pits in longitudinal and cross sections of
crystals with (111) orientation., For counting the etch pits an MHH-SM
(MIM-8M) microscope was used (225x). The orientation of the specimens
was determined from Laue patterns. The outward appearance of the twins
is shown in Fig. 1 (a - growth axis [111]; b - [1103). The experimental
results indicate that the twin boundary actually hinders dislocations
Card 1/6

89298
8/161/61/003/001/039/042
Twine and dislocations in silicon... B102/B204
from penetrating into the twinned part of the crystal; this is explained
by the fact that on the twin boundary$ dislocations accumulate (Fig, 4)
and form a glide plane. However, it also happens that dislocations slip
through this barrier (Fig. 3) as, e.g., in the case of crystals growing
in the [110] direction. If one assumes that an axial temperature
gradient during the growth of the crystal block is the main reason of
sliding, it is possible to estimate the probability of sliding in the
crystal or in the twin. In this case, the entire tangential stress
acting upon the glide plane t1ill may be calculated, considering the
change in orientation of this plans relative to the growth axis during
twinning. Table 2 gives data on the change in orientation of the (111)
planes after twinning for the three main directions cf growth.
Calculation of the tangential stresses Otan led to the following result:
Card 2/6

S/181/61/003/001/039/042

Twins and dislocati
one in silicon... .
B102/B204
Orientation of the C`tAn with respect to Angle between twinning
original crystal 11111 (in B) plane and pullIng axis
main ci~ystal twin
2.22
[100] 3-76 1065 00 (parallel)

L110]
1.88

.37

40441

C111]
1.89 1 89
: 900
0
3
44 281
19

crt is given ill un
an its,of B, where B P/2A,~P axial load, A cross-
sedtion area,of cry stal. It could be shown th at the dislocation density
in the twin depends on'two essential factors; a) The concentration of
dislocations
which penetrate the boundary1ovia rd the twin from the main
,
crystal, and b) the orientation of .the sliding system in the'arystal
1 .-before and after tw inning with respect to the direction of the main

Card* 3/6

89'298
S/181/61/003/001/039/042
Twine and dislocations in silicon*@* 3102/B204

temperature
5 figureeg' the growth
gradient during
3 tabl,~e and 4,referencest of the main 'crystal.

1 Soviet'-bloc and 2 There are

non-So-,iet-
bloc.

SUBMITTED: )UPPOPAMe
jant~ary 9, 1960 P-mt D 1INGA
ffAOCKI

10
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1100)
4
350161
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74012'
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540441
[411] 1
2 15-48" 1
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53006,

1 r- b -
. 0 ) 'U 24480
S/126/6i/oll/006/006/011
E073/E435
r. L~V~
-ji?s. Mii-vidskiy, M.G. and Layne
TIELE. Microhardness and Dislocation Density in Silicon
Single CrystaI6
PLRIC',DICAL: Fizilk,i metallov i metallovedeniye, 1.961, Vol.11. No.6,
pp, 921, - 921)
T EXIT Th, nacrchardriess of a cr;stal depends not only on
vndivi.dual diilo-a~ion-s but on the collective behaviour of
iarger convrlom---.r'~tion-~ of 6u:::h diilocations, ie, it depends on
the n1utual di.5t!iburicn and the interaction of disl,,-;,--at ions.
Therr~forel. ;' dt.-E., orrelation can be antic:ipaied between
the hardness and th,~ den.Lt~,, of di-.Iocatioris on a given sectio
'
dries-- %yas measured on various
-f a -rys'-al~ The iiiizoliar
rYst'alloizr aphi: plane5 of --,inglt- ~.rysta16 drawn from the
i t in vacuum a...c.;rding to Lhe method -,f CzocAiral~ikv- The
wj i -?haidne-,!3 depends on the method of pieparing iho surface
of the speci-meris for mea-~urernent~, After grinding, the
mi; rohairdness H tmounted to 10-0 kg/mm2. By chemical
i)olishing in cin a. Ld mixture of ~F HN03 (1~2) for 2 to 3 min, the
i-lai d 1/4

210M
S/126/61/011/006/Oo6/oll
Ilicrohardness and Diblocation E073/E435
surface layer which wa!~ internally st.rezi6ed by grinding was
removed ; then the microhardness wai 950 kt;/mm?-. Equal values
were obtained from natural cleavage6 c,f he specimen and
therefore -he-mical poli5hinQ
; can be considered a~ the most
6ultabie method of pr6paring the --pecimen surface for measurements,
The density of' the di6locations was dr-termined on th(. basis of the
cavities formed during in the mixture
HF!~HN03ACH3CO20(l : .3 ~ -5) for 25 to 30 minutes, Simultaneously,
for some specimens: tihe specific resistance and the lifetime of
the non-basic current-zariie-is were dratermined, The
dependence ot tht: mL,roh.trdrke-,s in plarit (111) on the density
of the dislocations In .4511LCOrl single crystals is plotted in
Fig.l~ The increase in mi.,-rohardn,;ss is particularly
pronounced if the dislocation derisi-ty changes with)n the
limits of I x 103 to 2 x 104 rm-20 this results in an increas#--
2
-in the microhardness from 830 to 1250 IrgImm ~ Outside this
range the microhardriess changes i-,iuch less, The changes in
microhardness along the planes (i10) and U00) are also fully
in correiation with the distribution of the dislocation
Card 2/4

2430
S/126/61/011/006/oo6/oli
Nicrohardness and Dislocation E075/E335
densities; regardless of the crystallographic orientation,
the maximum microhardnesE: was always observed at the edges of
'('Ue 6peciric-n and the minimum in its central part. Usually,
SeCtMons i---i-th increased microllardness show a shorter lifetii-.ie of
the minority current-carriers. It was established that a
correlatiou e,~~ists between the microhardness and the density
of dislocations in various crystalloZraphic planes of silicon
s'n-f-le cryttals. The anisotropy in the microhardness of
silicon sinCle wystals drat.,rn from the melt is do-~orniined b
Y
t1lie general d.i~,tri.bution of the dislocations along the cryztal
whic1h is primarily i;ith the U'--rmal conditions
pertaining tbe growing of the cryztal. Achnowl edgments
are expre3sed to D.B. Ki.seleva for her assist-a-ace in carryin.-
out the exDeriments.
There are 2 fi~~;ur-etF, I taL-le and 13 referencee: 4 Soviet
and 9 non---Sc%,j.et. The four latest Eiiglish-l~ni~Suage referc:ices
quoted are,,, Rer. 6 - Wolf, G.A., Tomati, L., Field, IT.J. and
Clark, J.C. SerliLonductors and Phosphors, New Jersey, 1956;
1 ~To
Ref. 10 - Daeli, W. - Appl. Phys. 1 1959, 30, 4, 459;
Card

2h480
S/126/61/011/006/006/011
Microhardriess aiid Dislocation .... E073/F335
Ref. 12 - Roberts , D. . St ephens, P. and Hunt. , P. Nature,
1957, 180, No. 4587, 665; Ref. 13 - Green, CA. , Iflogarth, C.
and Johnson, F. J. Electron. and Control, 1957, 3, No. 2, 171.
ASSOCIATION,- [,.auc,[-ino-issledovatellsl.,-iy i proyelctnyy institut
redle.ometa.111cheshoy promyshlermosti (Scientific
Research and Design Institute of the Rare Metals
I tidus t ry)
SUBMUTT ED Au6ust 12, 1960
Card 4/4

S/032/62/028/004/007/026
B101/B113
AUTHIORS blillvidskiy, It. G., and L_a=_er_-. _L_V.
TITLE: Method of detecting dislocations in Si single crystals
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya la~oratoriya, v. 28, no. 4, 1962, 459-462
TEM. To make dislocations in Si single crystals apparent, a 15-25 min
thermal treatment of the crystals at 850-900 OC in vacuo ( -1-10-5 mm 11g)
and cooling at a rate of - 40 OC/min is suggested. The decorating of dis-
locations with copper in H2 atmosphere is even more efficient. The tests
were made with n-type and p-type single crystals prepared by Chokhraltskiyls
method. Before thermal treatment, the specimens were ground with boron
carbide and V414 (M14) powder. After thermal treatment, they were polished
in acid cP -8 (SR-8) mixture and etched in HP : HNO 3 : (CH3CO)20 = 1 '. 3 %:3.
The pits were counted with an M VJ~l -81,1 (MIM-8M) metallographic microscope.
It was found that the thermal treatment did not change density and position
Card 1/2

3/032/62/028/004/007/026
Method of detecting ... B1O1/B113
of the dislocations. The form of the etched figures obsurved depended on
the heat treatment and on the decorating method. Dendritic inhomogeneities
and stratified distribution of impurities were observed. The thermal pre-
treatment increases the sensitivity of chemical etching as well as the
possibility of metallographically detecting inhomogeneities. There are 5
figures and 4 references: 1 Soviet and 3 nonvSoviet. The three references
to English-language publications read as follows: R. A. Logan, A. J.
Peters. J Appl. Phys., 28, 2, 1419 (1957); W. Dash, J. Appl. Phys., 27,
10, 1193 6956); W. Dash. J. Appl. Phys., 30, 459 (1959)-
ASSOCIATION: Gosudarstvennyy nauchno-iseledovatellskiy institut redko-
metallicheakoy promyshlennosti (State Scientific Research
Institute of the Rare Metals Industry)
Card 2/2

TUROVSKIY., B.M.; LAYNER, L.V.
Detection of dislocations in silicon single crystals with law
density'dislocations. Zav.1ab. 29 no.l1t1331-1333 163.
(NIRA 16:12)
1. Gosudarstvennrf nauchno-issledovatellskiy i proyektnyy institut
redkometallicheskoy promyshlennosti.

ACCESSION NO: AP4012279 S/0070/64/009/001/0092/0097
AUTHORS: Turovekiyr B. M.;_~~r, L_ T.
.TITLE: Formation and structure of 90 degree twine in single crystals of silicon
grown by the Czochraleki method
SOURCE: Kristallograftyal v. qj no. 1, 1964Y 92-97
TOPIC TAGS: silicon crystal, twin crystal, 90 de,-ree twin crystal, crystal
structure, Czochralski method
'ABSTPACT: The formation of 90-degree twins takes place by deviation of the growth
:direction from the [ill] axis and i:; due to asymmetry in the thermal field or to
.disorientation of the seed crystal, or to a combination of these two factors. The
transition from clear faces to indistinct faces during twin growth is accompanibd:.-
by the formation of twin laminae of adjustment. Etca tests show that a zone with
dendritic structure occurs immediately next the face of a 90-degree-twin. X-ray
studies indicate no deviation from monocrystalline structure, however. The most
likely cause of the dendritic structure is local super-cooling, which may occur in
the Czoehralski method because of asymmetry in the thermal field (which is one of
Card 1/2

ACCESSION NOt AP4012279
the causes for development of the 90-dagree twin growth). Orig. art. has: 8
figures.
ASSOCIATIONi Nauchno-issledovatollskiy i -oroyr,.ktny*y institut redkometallicheskoy
prom3fthlennosti (scientific Research and kmning Institute of the Rare Metal
Industry)
SUB1=TBDt 14Feb63 DATE ACQr 19Feb64 ENCL: 00
SIM CODE i PH NO TREEP SOVt 003 OTHER: 002
Card 212

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L 22540-66 P ftj
-_Ijp(c)
ACC NR: SOME CODE: uplol8l/66/008/003/0725/0730
AUMOR: Pavlovp P. V.; Iaynerj, L. V.; Sterkhov., V. A.; Panteleyev., V. A.,
ORG: Gor kU State University imo N. 1. Tioba^.hevsiy (Gorlkovskiy gosudarstve
universiig)
TITLE: On the pro6f of the existence of an autonomous diffusion flux along irio-1
lated dislocations,
SOURCE: Fizika tverdogo tela, vo 8. no. 3. 1966P 725-730
TOPIC TAGS: crystal lattice dislocation, pbysical diffusion, silicon, single
crystal
ntimi
ABSTRACT: This is a c0 tion of earlier work by the authors (M V. T, 922,
1965 and v. 6, 384, 1 where it wM shown Thai iffusion along dislocations
exist in single crystals f germanium kdnd silicon, In addition to the ordinary
Mis
-S~e t
voluA ffirl'usion. hese results differ from those of many others, the
authors present, using the diffusion of indium in silicon as an example, new re-
sults to confirm that the diffusion along the dislocations is much faster than.
through the volume. The investigations were made on "sitting" dislocations.
p-type silicon samples were usedL With specific resistivity 18 ohm-cm and average
dislocation density Nd _.104 CIC22. The samples were cut from a specially grown
Pard 1/2

L 22540-66
ACC DR: AP6009650
ingot., which contained dislocations of only one kind, "sitting" dislocations par-
allel strictly to the growth axis (110). The diffusing indium was tagged with
a 0 4,
In:13-4. The diffusion from the gas phase in quartz ampoules is accur te to I -
torr at temperatures 1010--1270C. The distribution of the Indium was determined by',
Iremoval of layers. In paraUeLwith this methodj. autoradiographic study of the dif-I
fusion was also made to exclude the possibility of simultaneous existence of other
diffusion mechanisms. The data yielded for the diffusion coefficient and diffusio
of 104 C
heat along the dislocations values m2/sec and 77 kr.,al/mole, respectively,
as against 16.5 cm2/sec and 90 kcal/mole for volume diffusAon. A criterion is in-
1troduced, making it possible to estimate the influence of volume diffusion on the
form of the concenteration curve, and it is shown that the diffusion actual3y ob-
served takes place along Ithe dislocations and cannot be attributed to the settling
of indium on tb-? dislocations when the sample is cooled. The dimension of the
effective diffusion region around the dielocationsi is'determined by ari-indepen-
.1 dent electron transport method., and is found to be Of the order of 100 1. Orig.
art has: 3 fig,
-uresp 3.1 formulas, and 1 table.
SUB CODE: 2D/ SUBM DATE: 16JIa5/ ORM WW: 012/ OM REF: 005
Card
(2

L 10986-66 Ea(m)/T1EWP(t)/EWP(b)/EWA((r) LIP(g) JD
ACC NRt AP6000004 UR/0080/65/038/011/2473/2479
AUTHOR: Layner,' Ti.V.; Layner, V.I.; Baronova, Z.A.
ORG: None
Q
TITLE: Ohemical olishin and etching of single silicon arystals for
exposure of dislocations
SOUROE: Zhurnal prikladnoy khimli, v.38, no.11, 1965, 2473-2479
TOPIC TAGS: crystal dislocation, silicon single crystal, metallography
ABSTRACT: Two ternary systems were Investigated in the experiments:
HF-HNO -H20'and HF-CrO-A-H,,O. The system HF-HN03-H?O w" used to estab-
lish tK optimum*regioli f6r the polishing of ik_~st~'~e2wpingle crystal,
and the system HF-Cr0j-H2O for the optimiim region for etching to expose
dislocations."
1~ The of ect of concentration of individual componen# of
the HF-HN03-H 0 system on the quality of the polished surface was,'doter-
mined by setting up a triangular concentration diagram. The diagram was
constructed with data from the study of 230 tested solutions and is
given in the article. A P-1gure Bhows.'the dependence of t',.e rate of sol-
ution of silicon with an ihorease In the concentration of HN03 and the
decrease In the concentration of HP with a varying amount of added water
For exposure o dislocations, the authors studied the etching of
Card 1/2 UDQ: 621.39M8 + 621-31c;.9;92

L 10986-66
ACC NRs AP6000004
chemically polished silicon in the mixture HF-OrO3-H20. These experi-
mental data are also exhibited in the form of a triangular diagram. It
was established that the rate of solution of silicon in the optimum
regions of the system HF-HN03-H20 is approximately 100 times greater
than in the corresponding regions of the system HF-CrOYH20- Orig. art.
has: 7 figures.
SUB CODE: 07 11/ SUBH DATE: 22Apr64/ ORIG REP: 001/ OTH REF:_'004

27-11-10/31
AUTHOR: Layner, M., Instructor at Construction School # 7, Kiyev
TITLE: Training of Concrete Workers (Podgotovka betonshchikov)
PERIODICAL: Professionallno - Tekhnicheskoye Obrazovaniye, 1957, # 11,
p 14-15 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The article contains particulars on the theoretical instruction
of concrete-reinforcement workers at the Construction School
# 7, Kiyev (Stroitellnaya shkola # 7, Kiyev). The students
are required to pass special courses in technology and knowledge
of materials. In general it provides for the study of advanced
methods of labor and of the latest techniques in performing
reinforcement and concrete work. How the training is conducted
is described by a few examples, such as information on the
parts of a building and the order of carrying out construction
work; straightening and sorting of the steel rods, the drawing
out and cutting of the wire rod; and electrical butt welding.
On one occasion the students were shown an entirely new device -
a multiple point welding machine "BHHCTO" for welding screens
up to 2,5 m length.
ASSOCIATION: Construction School # 7, Kiyev (Stroitellnaya shkola # 7. Kiyev)
Card 1/1

IAYM, S., etarshiy nauchnyy sotrudaik; LIKONOV, E., starshiy inzb.
Criteria and economic indices of seagoing freighter
efficiency, Mor.flot. 20 n0-8:3-6 Ag 16o.
(MIM 13: 8)
1. TSentraltnyy nauchno-issledovatellskiy institut morskogo
flota.
(Freighters-Cost of operation)
(Ocean liners-Cost of operation)

VOWTEK, N., nauchnyy sotrudnik; LAYNER, S., nauchnyy sotrudnik,
LIMNOV, E., nauchnyy sot-ruTnII-F-
Dry--cargo Uner fleet of capitalist countries of Europe. Mor.
flot 22 no.4238-39 Ap 162. (MA 15~4)
1. TSentralfnyy nauchno-isaledovatellskiy institut morskogo flota.
(Surope-Freighters)

LAYNER, S., kand.tekhn.nauk, starshiy nauchnyy sotrudnik
Method of comparative evaluation of the operational and
technical efficiency of freighters. Mor. flot 22 no.8:35-36
Ag 162. (MID4. 15: 7)
1. TSentralInyy nauchno-isaledovatellskiy institut morskogo
flota.
(Freighters)

LAYNIERI I-A 30T85
UmAmps', cargo
Ships Cdnstructim
*The Demancle of Cargo-p4osenger Ships
Butern Line," S. V. layner, Candidate
sciences, 4j pp
N*rokoy Flot" No 1
jan 1946
of the Par
In Technical
The planning of now types of ships for the far eastern
area mut ccwider the experiences of Ihe ehips of the
*Bak-hitlin" and. "Anadyr'" types vhich were built in
1929 - 1933. The article discusses the structure of
-the hull, general plan and internal structure of pas-
,:=ervice spaces~ cargo accc6m)dations, and
owsideratione for the nw ships.
30TOD

UMR/Ships - Construction JUIL/Aug 1946
. Ships, Welded
"Devirable Changes and Additions to Reeulations
for the Classification and Construction of Steel
Seagoing Vessels'," S. Layner, 6 pp
"Mor Flot" No 7/8
Welded construction, determination of' measurementB
of ship ribs, new types of ccxgo and paceen6er-cargo
vessels, construction of hulls of tnnkers, JncreaBc
of thickness of bulkheads in cargo holds, etc., are
among the desirable changes recommended.
16T8

LAYNER, S., kandidat t-,khaichookikh nauk.
Studying the strength of ship hulls In operation. Mor.flot
no.8123-27 Ag 147. (HLRA 9:6)
(Ehlla (Naval architecture))

P.1
UM/Amefiedring 14ir 1948
Ships., Passenger
Ships - Specifications -
"Re4uiremento for Passenger Vessels on the Crime&-
Caucasus Line," S. Laynerr, CarAidate Tech Sci, 4 pp
"Norsk Flot" No 3
Neir vessels are based on desien, of vessels now plying
subject routs, Including "Kryu,," "Gruziya," "Mzharis-
tan " "Abkhazlya," etc. Vessels now in design stage
wTA be 1,100 meters along water line, beam about 18
meters, 6 meters draught when empty; speed 32-12
knots, with a capacity for 1,000 tone of cargo; capa-
ble of carrying about 900 passengers omfortably.
These boats will be known as ft.ft7whae type.
61T49

Lrly',i ,
I
I
LAYM,S., kandidat tekhnicheakikh nauk
r-,--.;._--._:,
Respecting hull strength requirements in load spacing. Mor.flot
15 no-9:15-16 S155- (MLRA 8:11)
(Ships--Cargo)

---LAYJLC&r-%-X-,.k&ndidat takhyxicheiakikh nauk.
Fxtensibla movable pillar not fized to the ship bull.
Sudostroenie 22 no.11:41-42 N 156. 0MT,RA 10:2)
(Ships-EquipmeiNt and supplies)

Unaa Sa= V ~,mntrov~i~cbh,; GORYANSKIY, Yu.V., otvetstvennyy red.; SHISHKOVA,
J r . -'- -
~.P, ~ten.r .
[seagoing dr7 cargo vessels] MorHkie sukbogruznye or-da. Ieningrad.
Gos. izd-va sudostroit. lit-ry, 1957. 283 P, (MIRA 11:5)
(Freighters)

LAYNER S.V. kand.tekhn.nauk
- -ni-LU
Method of the preliminary evaluation of a ship type being stud-Led
by comparing it to the beat examples of world technology. Trudy
TSNIIW 7 no.37&81-85 761. (MIRA 15-3)
(Merchant ships)

LAYNER, P.V., kamd.tekhn.nauk; LIMONOVy E.L.
Methods of economic justification for welecting the opti=m
variant of a sea transportation ship'. Trudy TSNIIMF no.29:62-
68 160. (MM 15311)
(Merchant marine-Cost of operation) (Ocean liners)

LUKER-, SV -kand.tekhn.nauk; VOLCHEK, N.Z.; LINDNOV, E.L.
Composition and prihciple technical and operational
characteristics of dry cErgo ships sailing regular ocean lines
and belonging to capitalist tountries of Europe. Trudy,TSKIIMF
no.43:64-80 162. (MIRA 16:2)
(Ocean liners) (Freighters)

LA-yNER, S.V., kand, teklai. nauk
~, --- -,omic ey-amination of the first
operational and ecor
I
ethc~is of
M
serieL built ship. Trudy TSI;-I!',g. rio-56:45-510 164- (MIF,~ 17: 11)

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all ""I. of T#6.lgllk- substancts such 4w "W dutits
m(fiffvirrill Wake. tuft- flower husks, a considerable effect

1 8 diw tit cither components of the fibers Than rellutotte.
i Ch a% it"intia"I. The temp. anti lite likelfilly of the
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"vIr% twit. matter to widistan"s [hot have redwing

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It and Cu. Init not Sit, Bi and Aj. The exi*dments
at r desciribed &W the results are tabulated alod plotted. gee
P even references. A~ A. Boehilinugh =90

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Iv I
00 a sodium zintate wluUou of 1-2.1-14. then too degresats in an alkaline eyanitle
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0 or CAInt4it T tints too it"11.114M Without additi"It of
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lelkwit lot list, tliclhtotry arbi attlithal. halls.
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sinarral Gosudwst.
*
7
=
11festalloubrabolke I S14-Imm 19.%-1934,
'k Rabul
2j-;f-W(lW7): CArm. 7ex1r. 1939. 1, 4114. --The I'Mo-
ins "Irill-t is R~Mmlwildcd hit tile 1114MIllown id fill' 14- !-*a
a tn~tnd pe-Clg: I(Ijvjltjjylw jit,11111st jif lite I-r lit it Imth
cousilsillit4of 114g. 11WIj, bog. NmU and b-It' st, 110 pvt
CN.
14 C
N
l
di
l
A
it 4
ltiv voist
"
L; dollosilOintif all inictiur
ng

_
J totil~ Imilh (46 9. CUPAVOIlA 10) v. NiliSh, Will NJ A.
oid w. NaC' per 1.). and turther pleting lit an w-Ill Igith (;XX) il.
CuSO..51W, 85 a. 11.40, Pitt 1.) at 45' with 25-3U *lisp./- .00
aq' din. In the production of tile binitutal Fc-bra~ a
00 dl . bath cuntg. 45 C. 80 g. VaSO,. 12 C. ZnO
=so
so and IW g.,YaCN per 1. truly be used as lite clectrulyle for
the deputdOun of a galvanic braiii &tximt. This ditect,
method, however. is slow and gives it brit Or sit posit. It
l
t C
IA
ayer ti
is more ilatittaxt4sly it) tirl"t an inirriurdiAte
((sign 41 NaCN bath) ill tit Ni (IR)III a 02111 roult, 2WIt. Zoe
00 1104.1" it) 9. 118111), ill I I. III is C. 1). 14
I oil tilt'$ C%l Ift"ll 'S WillfAir
d
*
a &n"
a
i
Joe

Pin
q;licn Zn
Mill is bath contil. 3o) S. zlisky"71(e)
bath
d go 0
, Thc v. J. In she Lit caw should lit
and2Uq.N#OA#.,j; 1.
150111 sti.41111., thcIllia6stitU; arld tile Kith -holli'l a
l
'
5,
ri
liv life&* I* then fl-tillud lit 37
Nith *U. I
"t
l gas
In 16.1,111, it) 1411, ht '00
0o j xpl.. -1. M (". h
Noe
__00

SETAUtIRGOI AL LITERAT(Iff CLASSOKITICh 0

It"
too
T4

- -1
~ $.Iasi .4. a., 4.(
. --r-
-T " - -4--ir
1 1
-6--l -- - - - - A I I I 11 C44 a..
-
0 14 Is A'F so l%
so D It lf
; .
W J4 Oil RO tttt ITK I 1 0 a I
WLOA 1 140
~
I
4P 0 0 a a
;SS a' of 0 4 00 0 0 0 4 0 o
00 0 to 0 q_o~ *a of so 0a 0 0 0 0 off
f 0 0:0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
so sillso 0 6 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 to 0 0 t
0 0
0 so 0:

00 0 0 *0 0 0 0 0 0 so : :1*9W. .4 4 0 a 0 * 0 0
00,1 lt 1 4 # 6 F I I to it 11 11 w if 16 it to if a P a b it MASPAYIP,N)l UJJ Mh Munn 0 $1 8) o
Aa C sk-A-1- M iX AL-A.A
00 A~ ~-p -0 .1. 1"..
00
O'D

*r6etrodoswuOu of 00ppa-Riew AUCYL L TAIner and E. G. HhAtu-
S novakkya (Korftuiya i RwU # Sti, 19M. 41
(1), 3 to; KAim. flefna. ZAur,
A .
193N. L (11112). V..4bs.. IM. a 9149). j Its Runtaft.1 F:Xfwfi.
ments were carrioxi out with carrfully c1muctl irtka niqla. A wrkm cif nickel,
voillit-r. nickel/copperinickel. and del-its .1th
tOt&I thicknewses of 26. 50. 100, and 21M p, and having a tm)rnposition conr.
spinding to that o0lonel tretal, won, prepared. Tiv, plat.,d rwix .,,n, th.-n
heated for 3-25 hra. at Badly clearxd surfact-a gati, rist, tit
go .3 blisters In the electroplate. Thil 23 (A liltitca %were very 1wrOuil; the WO JA
])
W'M tim
Y Inv fmin porra. 31clallographip and cht,mical analy -* of
~
*
-
thi
i
r

Ien,,
Sucovailively
ed the I)rrwnt-v of diffusion
].
r ..0v"
n .
Fl
t
The triple ver (nickel/copper/nickel) *-;to cluscat tit Monel metal in its
prupert here of the furnace did not affect the diffusion. The
thermally trvakd pla" showet! a very Wh stability to Ill% sulphuric avid

I nx)nk temprruture (a lo-w of 12-15 agstin.t 21 mg. lm.,,dav
a
)r ordinary Mcnel metal); thig filert-A&A stsibiliiy is attributed ill the ill;.
urities in ordinary Sf,-l
id
7=6 0
00
-0.6
ago
z0 0
goo
60 1 ZOO
00 j wo 4
So
S a - & L 1, OEIALI.LFIACAL UTEWOLitt CLAWWATICO U00
so
SO it' "',Z,
;o 0
U ill AV -0 Is
;" R P (tit ofg vif IC(g Kit" ttacwwo I N't ni,
0 , 0 6 0 0
0, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * It a 1 000,00000000000e0040 0
OT418 0 Moe iooo 0000690,6000000 a 4:00 a 00 0000111100*0*001"o,

-AV W_W_ 1111~ *, W #I * * 0- 111, &_ -
ioo 0 0 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 a 0 0 4 see
1 0 It it #0 14 W P a v U 4 0 a it it is x a, 41 it 4i Ad a F, 0
A A,L_A_L__LA_A_A_A_I 2 C f AA 16 CL k
00 .4,00
A UA provement In the add sulfate and bobwate cadmittin
of
'I'solde bath. V. L
00 balha so that they IneY replace the !
Diftler. S. 1. Or6ya and A. Xf. I:afgvl Ittill. A:orr.;si),j 4. -06
%;l1 Iv; A 10 IIKJN): xhim, NfIrral, Zhj'r 2, No. 2" 1:1,14
1 10:1-1) CMAM' CfYIt 41"pollil'i 11TV I'lioli'll ill IIIV;4- ill Of -00
00 1 1411t altvilt. 1. a1."1111 ."Mmit 1" jimilrwivol
111V1%4- ill, v.114-he
~J.ilafllmiou and to obtain is Illic-Ittim Of Ow
00 Adn' of colloids (tirplour, glue, CmU401) to tile Ovid
-00
-00 a Cd I)Jtll Wa4 investignivit at diffeivat Jill VAIIIVS And C. 44. Cd + MW, Wth wall nprratc, at :N)- anti N) 'J. ill,
rile Itc c4thod" wvtv piAled in cancil. Hell dvgrvA%Il ,, 11, allIp.!sq. 41111. will) all addil. of I X./l. glue. Folk.1 -
00 z with Vienna finit and carefully waOivd. Anode4 wore Araill depth'It" writ ubtainvil frum 0
00 j rolled Cd places with a surface 1.5-2 limes as large j,i lite
11111', 35. glue 1. c. d. to-lo molp.!%q. tilt,. trolp. =06
cathode surfaces. The structure of the Pt. was litudiol J-he current efficicury wil., [NJ-144%. The IlliF, b,,th 1,
under a microw-ope ( X 100) anti in each calic cunip2rud -111)crior to the othi-ts because it pcr,llits pw of jk high c l rd 6
00 with the mfucture of the ppi. obtained front it 04C.N). fit thlo ill
I"th -onnected in -irv with the aeij Imth - T 'A X power of the acid Cd balh i4 convdirrabl~ r- 0 0
oe rllr ll'Jn that if flit C-N Will. Tile Cd plljrq fion, an
nlit rolopo.. it tile 114th writ 111"I. in XA.: 1.11i 1mv, we 0
00 1'() t11, (Nil.),S0. M And ANINO.), 1411.0 2.9. IIAIII
I :rillp. 18-W'. Ill Al CAU-4 lite Cd jilslv w.ii 11,111 min ZOO
00 z I I,% it 11-1.11
hick. The cathode efficicticy wai 101-I.IMI;Q. From (lie
06 :11 priltone"Orng. bith the fine4t.grain 4tructum anti denw
- depo-ils were obtained at a courn. of OA s./l. of Imptone Zoo
with a c. a]. of 10.5-1 asup./sq. din. and pit 2-3~2. Th, 00
optinnins conditions for creo" were ik concn. of K g.,'I. of
creut", PH 1.5-3.3. c. d. 0.5-0.8 arnp.:'-q. din. I o,: atill All
denKst and finest deposits from a 11,SU. bath were with 740
lue. For best mults the concit. of loue is 0.5 fl./L. c. d.
.5-1.0 mv./sq. din.. PH 3".6. tainp. 18-20'. Tba
8
f
A I a - S L a littALLUOKKAL LITIRATUNI CLAS11111CATIGO to 0
ISO.,
illit" ~A a.. It,
U I" "o 1, 4- 3 -$_
.a tv IVIVOPM get Ica ir 7 Al~ till 0 0 . I ill
as
as
as o a 4
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0:0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 e 0
00

" 0 -1
000000 0 0 0 4 0 0 ll owzilkt, 44W,~! a a 0
10so oil N wwwivo
4 1 4 1,
too 9 4 1 a II a V 10 Is is 41 #4
'A ",J_f. Is AA Mmi 4 k to I '.
**A 00
06 Al~
00
lokk. 1940, UM 4b, SinjoAh and drwe.4si slettoptils coo)
-00
be obtalurdtilily lit the I)Irwtjvrt)l
~ootlcfiasocitsoloillhvllul- ltisit(tvailtal;et)ut(ondiicluili- .00
e: It; 411`01114tiC Milpill. ill (11C UnItilfonatCd loftli. The cancts. ire 0
14 Sit should)mkorpt at 30 lot./l. and !he 11,SOo at 100 ot.11.
In seld orlevircil)-l" a hiSh c. d. can be wed without the
:i-k of Ipassivily. AtuKics (it clectmlytk- Sri shtmId Iw 9
t4rd to uct-rapor the c. d. and lei dectedst- the Anne. lot the
'bMilet of alit (acor -4o:livv substawell The calbwe I"Awls.
'4611.1 10 ACid S3 Clectrollites is tw1fisible whereas Ill their
00 PA
to wil(I there ill curilldorrable p(AUStrostion but OWY for a
00 see
witall c. d. Pot v. d. of over I attip./iiii. don. the rathcotle
0 * sr I lie forAinablif flet-Ifulytr 4!M L-Mi-
so All ditions are traymmerided fur tintlins. StW4 64, Jf#W. W*
IOU, coroul ur pliorriol 20-30, gum 2.5 S./l.; temp. 20--W; 44114
44-1 V c. d. 2-6 amps./sq. dul. Our wire and sh"Or lo-16 amps,/
L:-- sq. dw.). so Jo
lie's D. Z. Xajnkh
L7-~
AV'
tie P
tolULLUPWAL 1.111111411ilit CLASSIFICATICH tie*
o' Ire
-inia) aAww, it,
Is At 00 At IV n It, P to is ON a 14 it to if a v I or se 2 is 4 3 1 v
01 * ~ie 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 a 0 # 0 : : * e 0 0 0 a
0 elle go go 0 0 0 0 6 06664 0 0 0 91* e 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

I 1 9 18 If a m Id 0 Is If a ILI a It u 13 14 is 16 %1 0 x L Al 61 if if 4
if Al - I- _0 q 0 a
k
AdA iR PIw d 1d#&mM AcM ha Cluvwdam Pbdmw.
12 V. 1. Laiaer &W A. A. Aretixyvm (Y"jfray Shcwmik NewA, TMAW moebur.
Ing. rms. Aftleliow i I(". IM, 612-619; K4m. NP/md, Amr., 1941, 4.
-00
(3), 97; 0. Am., 1043. 87. 6103).-1 In Russiminj JU baAh c4mtaining CK),
MAIM HwSiF,3-I0gm.jJitm bass MAX. workirilc rape (interval of maximum -06
to winimurn rathoilp c-A. at which bright elfrotnium de 'is larnw). -490
Inciraming llkW, ninmvitration tift-n-asm tho mat. catm 114d"at which
.90
bright delmaita am obtainmi. lt.HiF. linaluma bright t"wila at limer
18,1111wratunw ON sit Islurr rmiflpulp :.. alth priff'r rurr"li .00
afflewnev atul larv--r utirkind migro, then th" filtt),
00 Z 000
0
00
ago
00 a**
*0
too
66
so
1,0
mjjALt4f!GJC&L tjffffATWf CtAISWICAIMM CZ-
tiv."Asq. R-0.
jwfiij~ UK a-- M
It sa*wvu ;-i_ 1-6 - i w 'i -
I V, It Aef I Ow 0 0
u it AT 10 Is t ft All,
a *IT 48, 0, If . ; .
00 0 0 0 a 0 4 * 0 00 0 is 64
0 0 0 0 *.,* 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 ke,

to a so 4 41 a a a
.A. ilk U I z &A - I --A __p - A-A
0 * -00
**A .00
00 -00
JIlUWV 04 UNICU0410901111" Md"r-CadWom Allom YA. M. L,nuvisky
IUyper P'Wwnik Sawk Trudor UaAkvr. Ind. 2-itri. Jjrtdll,;-
95-98; KAi-.JZrf.~t.ZAur..1941.4.43~.-.'.. C.Abs..ltw.
37. 4674).-[1n flunian.] Silyrr-eadmixur. stloys were deposited at is, C.
00 1 and c.d. of(J-r"-5 amp.Am.' from an ek-etroly-te containing sibser 30 (in the
form of the evanide comitles). cadmium 16 (in the fom of the cyanitir com.
Pleil, Irw KCN M. KS(lf
J5.jtndK,Cjff,0,7-5gm.rfitrv. CopperfbilwaA zoo
94 a Itood u vAlhotle suit ptAtinum u anode. Itsising the v.d. Incrrant4l the rq-r-
cvntage content ofcadmium in the deposit. X-my anRl.'Washowed that the Is
000 [Attic" of the clectro&poelted al!o%-a werr identical -kith thaw of alloys Zoe
00 j oblailled by rrysWUrAtion from inilts. Iffourever. in the rrgion of thr*p too
0 0 hAAe (alhA-V 44-A7O') Wrt, %IU found anotlkr plutse. tho PhAw. with a
Ll"ll"gonstl lattive, stZir at low tv"ipeniturm,
go a Wee
44 s
Zoo
X00
4C.
ILA jTJLLVf.. ICAL 1,11111allAt CLAWFICAVIC)"
t .
I
1-1083 .11 5- 11.1
U U Alf rW'lAl load* a-lwft
~v " Cr to 0 K It It Cl ki It
0:0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
lea 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 v
0:0 0 0 0 0 0

of ___ - . . . - 4 t C
0 0 0 o 0 * 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 00
0 o 4 0 Goo: 0000 0 4 *060 0404 04 0
0 1 6 1 1 1 10 10 j)1jM spit 1) St x it 4
A 11- f -A A L~
al, x
IND Ak V 4 At
:0 01ROCCIUS APC rq_~fqflfs _045
0 7~4r - -
.04
o: A&f.. 1941. K 24121).--fln'ItUSnian.) SMMtlj And dVjW- fin df'IXA*itS C821 O's
go N- obtaillconly be ij=fnee Of surfav-Pictivr matcrials such as rmA or
T conlt
J~h nul. trat tin should bo kelit at 30 and the sulj~hurir acid .00
at RX) gnuJitre. In acid elertruly-tes a high c.d. can be used with,,ut
theriakofpsativity. Aroxics nfel"irolytie tin 6huuld he um-d to incmam~ the -010
'& CA and dectease, the slime. In the abacu(v of ourfacc-it, live Putmtanme the
cathode pflarization in acid Arctrolytes in negligil&, wherf-AM in their lw-n-
0 z it in "nwiderable. but only for small c.d.; for c.d. > I amp.'dm.t tlw CAth,xie
00 .3S pulariyAtion in small. The conditions mv)mm"ticd am-; Ptannous flullibste '00
.14, aulphuric acid I(X), twwl or phOnol 20-30, gi-in 2-5 grin. filre, 1,,rnlwm.
00 =00
turr 2(~-3(F' C. and e.d. 2-5 P-pa.,dw.' (fur %irv- or Ph"Is 10-15 amig. dm-'). a
400
00
00
Zoo
477
age 0
Cj 0 0
00, ;,so
I-so
'00
4%-%LA ITALLURGKAL LIMATURI CLASS)MATMO ce-
0 2:11 %.)ova -it O%v O.t
U U JLV to LS !BOO
'V !0 19 tY CP tf ft K 91 It lot 19 N1 I I V 0, j~- wxn~3_
0 1~
of 00 0 0 0 a 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 Ct tt R K KW a I
4
0 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0
AIT440 a0 *a 0.0 0 go 0 f 0 of 0 0 0 0 0 6 *Is a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 o 0 a o

L-1,17"ZTRI V. I.
V. I. - The 3s -:)f r~lectr or, I n t, i n q- . 1-94133-46.
I
.1 V. (49-3-)?:~l)
TS679.L?-6 1943

Wo -00
to --4F-
v VIJUS)MIS*11
a-t-!AA 0
of 'Th
0 Electrochemical polijhjug a, Metals
i" of Nickel. v. 1, -ThO Electrochemical polish-
~(Zhvr. kAhn" .00
On Ifumiani Si,ke) ~-sn Ix,
x4i.hol
5"lutio" in a very Rhurt timi.; tb, 111,tinsun, .11,1111"1411v In 'St)
0c j gr. "t") all" '.14' rR1,1,11 im
j
1- 40
s..SLA "TALLUVGKAL LITI&AIIAL CLASSIFKADOM
wee
oes
n51 r x0i goo
,:~
"0' Tw --L- -s-, -fm a 14 a I w 14 5 A]4
Is oIs
4*0

LAYNER, A. 1,
The recovery of alumina and alkali form the waste red slimes of an aluninum.
plant by sintering, jbtaIju= oLNon-Ferroun Met&jvi,, Moscow,, 1946.
Collection of Scientific Works No. 14, Moscow Inst. of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy.
Report U-3391,, 22 April 1953.

Ois, see**
0 toos 0 so 0 0 0

AA
L- t OW1 t(.M11 j,

00 i 0 0
00 luq~lfolvtlt 11411it[4 of coppel Aud its alloys,
r .00
wad
, -- 67,239, (kt. ill illid, copt"r
Wrier. U 'SJ
-
ill AllOYS Art 1.41.11-1 ill a I ~-lln. .4 .1. I.L... .4t
roots temp., StO %sth a puLcutml (A 2-'~ 1,14 v-
M. 11".41
00
so 00
09
00 1 ce 0

00 '3: -0 0

00 r.0 a
00
00
AL a 0
z:O 0
.00 f
'00~

tie*
A 0. j L A m(fAjjiF~KA; UTERAILAC CLASSIFfOrico

'
;

, in i I 4i -
a
it I of w
so 0 so Wo 0 0 0 41 0 111 0 0 0 0 0 0 : dia
re 0: 0 0 00 o 0 0 0 0 0 a o 0 0
**so* 0 i 0 0 9 o * 0 o & o 0 0 00910 * 0000 * o o o 41 o o

0 0 i-0-04 0 0 o 0 0 0 is 0 0 & o I MA
M
T jj! ?*oo ooooooo*
is

1
**
U 5 n
I
b
"
o
R
F
'A It 4
q 4 . J. I,- a #A 91 9
- -t
- 0
-j .
.
,
00 4 $1 A" JA~ 94 91 P
60 Electsolytk polisbj4 and Whic& of copper' 4
19, "It 3,
I ti w). --Tlti% %ludy concefm the rilatitni In-tiAt
00 C-nivil. of 11,110, all't CA. ill c1tvirolytic 1.4i'llilli;

00 It its Ally,. Tile piliAting can be vaim-A ,tit sit

so alotle with(mv ally 'Altr "mill.miclit.. The u.'t
11TO, in the buth 6 4 dominatit (ACtOW and i4 Cf-t-

so lit., led wit It tile fLxtc:;t Of alu.tic 1.4alilation. In
ohi,. the antutic 1-ILrizAtim i, joi-Attr and thv I
0 Cmlc,jl1,tlt1yd,(hv
o: 11.110, ill (fie bAth lumaw, (lie wtimuttl VA. i, I
d
l
hi

00 i,
. I
and the tititurequirtcl for 1xi
ngkIrngthene
the ternp. of the Imth and stirring incrmcm thir ro

13 CA. and sharlen-4 th~ time. It ii preferable to r
the Proms by the potentiaJ rather than by I]
00 Flectrolytic j,,tili~hitjc of eta afj,j its alli)y, i,

0*0 6 *a* v
0000041900000000641
A 10 11 Ill 11 m
tt it
-00

d its 1-00
-- 1 0 1 .
t the
)f Cil
IYO,
it. of ~00
Coll-
"llrd,
up iti
vilcil.
.00
wvr(-,! so
3N11K
Zoe
uirt-4
ulatv 0
c.d. =00
.rcially go 0

~
i
t
~
j
:
c
boo
ACTALUJINKAL LOJOATtall CLAIMMAI-00 ties
X11-01, *00
.1p 0.1 dill ViLilla-l! i;still awmmv Ill
ir -,r -v- T-T w
u it 49 10 LS I AO I 1 11 0 0 ; I : 0 1 42 a 3 1 1
1 ; ; ; ; 1*, a Kc 1.1 It It It at mw ft I 1 141
0 0 0 a Is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 & 0
0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 0 0 o * o 0 * 4 o 0 0 a 0

LAIN-~-'R, V. i.
I e c tro lyt I c po 11' s h- n,-, -_i nd -,3' c,, ' -I -cif inA,ilc ?~osl..-vi, .rof,. riauc:-no -t -
. I 1 11-1 ~ ...
i-zd-,.ro m-ashinostroit. lit-r-, llrA7 !-, -(- -I -'~ - 4,-, f: ~
, /
I S --, 1 ;~ . L 2

C A-
Lpfiftouq galvanic comings % f 1,mire I ,,*,b
I .. # Ifk4 1047. 1:4) ^,, t'h,. 7,vi,
; IV49. 11, 1104 Pfwr- (,.I ifiv 141.011CM111 If
.1
04111 Xt, Cu. "'M VI '.mfmj~ i1jr .11wit-1. %I G M
y
I i If t

'oil
Platingp Nickel
"Ifficient Methods rcr Obtaining ShIn7 Galvanized
Platingp" Prof V. I.,Layner, Dr of Toebalcal. Sciences,
rMan for ziiz Camittee, an Galvanizing far'
00~16 pp
076st luzher i ToW No 4
The~artlcle gives photoamphs of pitting In nickel
~plate, an vall as of various phenomem arising frm
the"Use of peptone x5O and 2 mAphthol, 6 sulphuric.-
s2. Nickel plating by mearA of alectrolysIb ww by
far the moat aff Iclant. Thle is an a=wting procam,
P-4T&t
MR/Metals (C;mtd) Apr 194T.,
I howsver, and peqj~le must be trained for Its efflal ai~t
Varation. Frequent reference is made to eleotrojyte~
nickel plating methods used In the.US.
24"T

V. I.
u M /Galvanizing Apr 1947
Zinc coatings
"The Problem of an Econcmical Methocl of Shiny
Galvanizing," V. 1. Layner, 6 pp
"Vestnik Inzhenerav i Tekhnikov" Vol MII, No 4
Cives microphotos of flava in the zinc covering.
Discusues electrolytic polishing.
T.~11 12DY"I
i2T69

IA'TN ER, V. I., Prof
PA 10AY-I"M
LZO/ketale Jttl/Aug 48
Pickling (Metals)
*Electrolytic Pickling of Metals," V. I. layner,
Prof, Dr Tech Se4 Deput? Pop for Comittee of
Calvanostogy, VSNITO, 6-4' pp
"Teo~ Inzhener I Tokhnik" No 4
TAsts disadvantages of chemical method of plokling.
Dooctibes various types of eleelroohemical pickling.
Gmp~s'show time reqdired varies with current
density, temperature and chemical ooncentratioa.

Layner, V. I.
Technology
(Corrosion and protection of metals) Mosk-va Gos. nauchno-tekhn. izd-vo lit-ry po chernoi i
tsvetnoi meta-11urgii 1.951 Pt. 4 (Fletal coatings, electro-chemical and chemical treatment
of methllb')"~
Monthl.v List of Russian Acegssions, Library of Congress, July 1952. Unclassified.

ud
7
Aavy- vamugil _r,.
and -en Wt~Utilyll
In td. M&X0wZ UO$Udas-., Naueb.-Tekh. Iv
Zemo
L29ChertwliTayttnorm,v.

L HYN Er~ V. I.
JHASE I TREASURE ISLAND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REPORT AID 587 - i
BOOK Call No.: AF639674
Authors: LAYNER, V. I. and KUDRYAVTSEV, N. T.
Full Title: FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTROPLATING. Part 1, 3rd. ed.rev.
Transliterated Title: Osnovy gallvanostegii. Chast' 1. 3-e izd.,
perer. i dopol.
PUBLISHING DATA
Originating Agency: None
Publishing House: State Scientific and Technical Publishing House of
Literature on Ferrous and Nonferrous Metallurgy (Metallurgizdat)
Date: 1953 No. pp.: 624 No. of copies: 15,000
Editorial Staff
Appraiser: Titov, P. S., Prof. Dr.
PURPOSE: The book is intended for engineers and technicians in scienti-
fic research institutions, enterprises and design organizations
dealing with problems of corrosion and electroplating, and can be
useful to students specializing in this field.
TEXT DATA -
Coverage: This work deals with the general principles and the tech-
nology of electroplating processes, as well as with the processes
of the preparation of metal surfaces for the application of metal
layers. It gives the characteristics of metal coatings and discusses
1/2

.,Osnovy gallvanostegii. Chast' 1. 3-e izd.j Perer.' i dop-ol. AID 587 - I
the quality of electrolytic platings as it depends on the surface
conditions and on the plating materials. The book describes the
surface treatment, the electrolytic polishing of metals., the struc-
ture of the deposited metals and the metal distribution in a cathode
surface. Zinc, cadmium, copper, brass, nickel, chromium, tin and
lead plating processes are examined in detail, with attention to the
qualities, corrosion-resisting properties and the practical applica-
tion of diffarent coatings. This work is the third supplemented
edition. Scme chapters are radically changed and new chapters are
added. The book is provided with illustrations, microphotographs
of surfaces, tables and diagrams.
No. of References: Total 167, Russian 160, 1909-1952.
Facilities: B. S. Yakobi, E. K. Lents, P. P. Fedotlyev, V. A.
Kistyakovskiy, N. A. Izgaryshev
2/2

BWMLLOV, Grigoriy Tikhonovich; BIRKGAN, leopolld Nikollay~eviClo.; LABUTIN,
Valentin Petrovich; POMIN.N.V., redaktor; KAMAYETA. 0.M., redakt,)-;
LLYMM, V.I., profesuor. doktor, retse=oYnt; KMS07, I.I., lnzYene.-,
*?WjjWffTft4m,-,VAYNSHTEYN, Ye.B., tekchmicheskiy zedaktr-z-.
[Handbook of an electroplater.1 Spr&voshnik gailvanostega. Izd. 2-e,
perer. i dop. Mcskva, Gos.nauchno-takhr.izd-7o lit-rF po Chernoi -1
tavotnoi metallurgii, 1954. 650 Pe (MLR-A 8:4)
(Electroplating)

LI)y N IR, V 1 -
KIMOTA, K.I.; UA"rZOV, M.F.; BAKHVAlk)V, G.T.; b.Nz,&wBXffKO, N.P.; BERMAN,S.i.;
BOGDANOV, Ye.S.; BODYAKO, M.N.; BOYKO, B.B.; VINOGRADOV, S.V.;
GAGZN-TORN, X.V.; GTZK, T.P.; GOREY, K.V.; GRADUSOV, P.I.; GUSHCHINA,T.N.;
TNCLIYANOT, A.K.; YESIKOV, M,P.; ZDZYARSKIY, A.V.; ZAKHAROV, M.V.;
ZAKWO7A, M.I.. KARCHEVSKIT, V.A.: KOMAROV, A.M.; ERZHENKO, O.T.;
LATM..-V-L.-; MALITSEV, M.V.; MI=, L.Ye.; MILOVANOV, A.I.;
-911610, S.S.; NIKOHOROVA, N.A.; OWKROV, N.F.: OSIPOVA, T.Y.;
OSOKIN, N.Ye.; PERLIN, I.L.; PLAKSIN, I.N.: ~ROKOFIYEV, A.D.;
RUKYANTSEV, M.V.; SEVE=NKO, V.P.; SHRMIN, P.I.; SMIRYAGIN, A.P.-,
SPASSKIf, A.G.; TITOV, P.S.; TURKOVSKAYA, A.V.; SHAKKNAZAROV, A.K.;
SHPICHINBTSKIY, Ye.S.; YURKSHTOVICH, N.A.; YUSHKOV, A.V.;
YANUSHEVICH, L.V.
Sergai Ivanovich Gubkin. TSvet.met. 28 no.6:6o-61 N-D '55. (MIRA 10:11)
(Gubkin, Sergel Ivnnovich, 1898-1955)

4 LI_ 11
FEDOTIYEV, Nikolay Pavlovich,,GRILIKHES, Semen Yakovlevich; _LkYNER,_V,,~,
professor, reteenzent; KHEYFETS, B.L.,kandidat khimicbeskikh
nauk, redaktor; VASILIYEVA, V.P.,rodaktor izdatellstva;
POLISKAYA, R.G.,takhnicheskiy redaktor
[Electrochemical pickling, polishing and oxidation of metals]
Blaktrokhimicheakoe travlenie, polirovanie i okei&irovanle
metallov. Moskva, Goa. nauchno-takhn. izd-vo mashinoatroit.
lit-ry, 1957. 242 p. (MMA 1(1:
(Oxidation, Electrolytic) (Electrolytic poli4lting)
(Metals--Pickling)

Y,17 C P-
Layner. Vladimir I,,, Professor, DoctorS Kudryavtsevo Nikolay T.,
Professor, Doctor.
Osnovy g4llvanostegii (Principles of Electroplating) Chast' II
(Part II) Moscow, Gosudarstvennoye nauchno-tekhnicheskoye
izdatel'stvo literatury po chernoy i tsvetnoy metallurgii, 1957,
3d edition, rev. and enl., 647 PP., 10,000 copies.
Ed.: Chernov, A. N.; Ed. of the Publ. House: Kamayeva, 0. M.,
Tech., Ed.: Attopovich, M. K.; Reviewers3
Gorbunova, K. M., Professor, Doctor; Dokin, N. I.$
Engineer, and Semin, V. M., Engineer.
PURPOSE: The book is intended for engineers and technically trained
personnel in electroplating shops, scientific research
institutions, and engineering design organizations, and may
be of use to university students.
Card 1M

Principles of Electroplating (Cont.)
184
COVERAGE: The book treats of electroplating with noble and rare metals
and alloys. Equipme~nt, theoretical principles and tech*-
niques of electroplating are described in detail. Person-
alities mentioned include: Shvyryayev, G. K., Engineer, and
Korolenko, N. K., Engineer. There are 202 references, 96
of which are USSR, 78 English and 28 German.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Preface 8
Ch. I. Electrodeposition of Iron and Cobalt
Electrodeposition of1ron
Use of iron plating and properties
iron
Composition of the electrolyte and
iron baths
Preparation, control and adjustment
Bleotrodeposition of cobalt
9
of electrodeposited
9
control of the
13
of electrolytes 21
22
Ch. II. Electrodeposition of Indium
Card 2/16

136-3-12/25
AUTHORS: Layner, V. Professor, Doctor and Velichko, Yu. A.,
ginee
TITLE: Galvanothermic Method Of Producing Steel/Copper-Zinc Alloy
Bimetal. (Gallvanotermicheski metod polucheniya bimetalla
stall - medno-tsinkovyy splav5.
PERIODICAL: Tsvetnyye Metally, 1957, No.3, pp.60-66 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: There are practical difficulties in depositing elecu'-ro-
lytically a copper-zinc alloy; copper and zinc, however,
can be deposited separately without difficulty and this is
the principle of the "galvanothermic" method of making
bimetal. The zinc and copper are deposited on the steel
in thin layers which diffuse into each other on annealing.
The investigation of this process is described in the
present article, The steel was first coated thinly with
nickel and then with copper and zinc in acid electrolytes
to give a total thickness of 30 or 90.4. AnnealinG was
carried out in a reducing atmosphere and specimens were
C3
then subjected to microscopic analysis, to chemical analysis
of different layers and to deformation tests. Graphs show
changes in composition with depth for specimens treated
21/2 under various conditions and photomicrographs are also
shown, It was shown that under the above conditions the

136-3-12/25
Galvanothermal Method of Producing Steel/Copper-Zinc Alloy Bimetal.
0
zinc content decreases with increasing depth from the
surface; least variation in composition was found in
specimens heated for three hours at 400 C and then for
four hours at 520 C. Satisfactory adhesion between copper
and steel vvas obtained with a 1 p thick nickel deposit.
2/2 Good adhesion and stamping properties were obtained.
There are 10 figures and 4 references, 2 of which are Slavic.
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress

Yi -I...
122-4-i3Z29
AUTHOR: layne r, V.I., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Pro essor,
anT-Te-Yichkol Yu.A.
TITIE: Copper plating in hydro-fluoric boron electrolytes. (Med-
bebie v borftoristovodorodnykh elektrolitakh.
PERIODICAL: "'Vestnik hlashinostroehivall (Engineering Journal), 1957,
No.4, pp. 60 - 64 (U.S.S.Ro)
ABSTRACT: Investigations on hydro-fluoriG boron electrolytes are
reported containing between 17 and 125 g/litre of copper in
the form of hydrofluoric boron salts. The raw materials for
preparing the electrolyte were hydrofluoric acid, boric acid
and copper sulphate first transformed into copper carbonate.
The method of obtaining the electrolyte is described in detail.
The copper content in the bath was determined by the electro-
lytic or the volume method. The analytical procedure is des-
cribed. For all electrolytes the upper limit of the permissible
current density at different temperatures was determined both
at rest and when sti=ed by air. The porosity of coatinge
(depending on their thickness), the strength of the bond with
the parent metal and the capacity of copper-plated steel to
be deformed in press tools were found. Specimens of low
1/3 carbon steel were degreased, subjected to anodic treatment in
an alkaline solution and plated with a nickel undercoat of

Copper plating in hydrofluoric boron electrolytes. 12 (Cont ~ 29
1 p thickness. It is not necessary "Oo obtain a coml
dense nickel coat. The copper coat forms bridges through the
pores of the nickel. The solution of iron in the pores is
retarded by cathodic polarisation. The adhesion strength of
the copper coat was determined by repeated bending tests, by
the Ericson drawing test and bj annealing. Bad adhesion was
obtained with a very thin (0.2 [t) or a very thick (5 p) nickel
undercoat. The tests are summrised in tables and graphs. The
distinguishing feature of hydrofluoric boron electrolytes,
compared with sulphates, is a much greater permissible current
densit-g. This rises with the concentration of the copper salt.
At 20 C and 17 g/litre copper in the form of hydrofluoric 2
boron salt, good deposits are obtained with a density of 2 A/dm
With a copper concentration of 125 g/litre the permissible
current density rises- to 25-30 A/dm . A high temperature and
stirring of t-he electrolyte help to increase the permissible
current densi4. In the dilute bath an increase of temperature
from 20 to ~5 0 raises the permissible current density from
2 to 5 A/dm , whilst In the concentrated bath the value rises
from 20 to 65 A/dm - Stirring by air increases the pe2missible
2/3 density almost two-f old. Non-porous copper coats from electro-
lytes of medium concentration (80 g/litre) are obtained if

Copper plating in hydrofluoric boron electrol7tes C n
26t.)
'i22-%-l '2'.
30 g thick or above. 50 P thickness is necessary wheinlating
from dilute baths. The coat becomes smooth at a large thick-
ness (100 p). Such coats still retain good adhesion and can
be recomendad for producing bi-metallic strip subject to deep
drawing operations.
3/3There are 6 figures, 2 tables and 3 non-Slavic references.
AVAILABLE:

SOV/149-58-5-14/18
AUTHORS: -Layner, V.I., Panchenko, I.I.
TIT.LE. Electrode Processes in Electro-deposition of Nickel from
Fluoborate Electrolytes (Blektrodnyye.protsessyvVi elektro-
osazhdenii nikelya iz ftorboratnykh elektrolito
PERIODICAL: Izvediya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy, Tsvetnaya
Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 5, pp 124 - 130 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The object of the investigation described in this paper
was to study the effect of various factors on electro4e-
position of nickel from fluoborate solutions and on the
quality of the deposits obtained by this method. For
the preparation of the HBF4 solution, chemically pure
H3BO3 and an BF solution (whose concentration was deter-
mined from its density) were used in the stoichiometric
ratio, H 3BO3 being added (a small quantity at a time)
to the continuously stirred and ice-cooled HF solution.
To the obtained IMP4 solution, also continuously cooled,
nickel carbonate (a small quantity at a time) was added
and in this manner it was possible to-obtain solutions
Cardl/8 containing up to 180 g/litre nickel in the form of

SOV/149-58-5-14/18
Electrode Processes in Blectro-deposition of Nickel from Fluoborate
Electrolytes
fludborate (density approx. 1-5), which could then be
diluted to any required concentration. The characteristics
of the experimental electrolytes (pH = 3 in all cases)
are given in Table 1 which shows the nickel concentration
(N = 1 to 4), the coatent (in g/litre) of fluorine, Fl,
present in the form of BF,OH' the content of fluorine, F 21
present in the form of BF.-, the total fluorine content
F = F1 + F2 1 the B content, the F/B and F/Ni ratios,
the NiCl 2* 6H20 content, and the density at 20 00. Nickel
anodes and steel, copper or brass cathodes were used in
the experiments, the results of which are reproduced
graphically. The effect of the current density
(A/dm2) on the cathode potential is illustrated in Figure 1,
where graphs 1, 2,3 and 4 correspond to the nickel
concentrations of 1N, 2N, 3N and 4N, respectively.
Figure 2 illustrates the current-density/cathode-potential
Card2/8 relationship for electrolytes with no excess of H 3BO3

SOV/149-58-5-14/18
Electrode Processes in Electro-deposition of Nickel From Pluoborate
Electrolytes
(graph 1) and with 5, 10 and 156/litre H 3BO3 in excess
of the stoichiometric ratio (graphs 2,3 and 4). The
results of the tests in which the current-density/cathode-
potential relationship was B8udied for 3K electrolytes
containing no C1 ions at 20 C a6Ld those containing 15, 30
and 50 S/litre NiCl 2' 6H20 at 50 C are reproduce?d in
Pigure 3 (graphs 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively). The same
relationship for a 3N electrSlyte with no excess of
H3BO3 at 20, 30, 40 and 50 C is shown in Figure 4 (graphs
1 to 4). A 3N electrolyte was also used for investigating
the effect of the pH number which was varied between 1 and
5 by means of HBF or sodium iodide additions. It was
found that at pi&= 5 , the electrolyte is unstable and
contains black,, insoluble particles (most l1kely Ni(OH)2 wit
basic Wilts) held in suspension. Pitting occurs and a
dendritic deposit is obtained which at low current densities
Card3/8 (1 to 5 A/dm 2) becomes dark. At pH = 4 , low current

SOV/149-58-5-14/18
Electrode Processes in Electro-deposition of Nickel From Fluoborate
ElectrGlytes
densities result in a dark deposib, while dendrites are
formed at high current densities. At pH = 1 or 2 ,
intensive evolution of hydrogen takes place on the cathode
surface, the evolved gas forming bubbles which adhere to
the cathode and cause pitting. Best qualty deposits are
obtained at PH = 3 . Yield per unit current varies in
all cases between 89.6 and 99.?0161 increasing with increasing
current density and at high pH (3 to 4) values, and falling
sharply at low current densities and at pR = 1 or 2 .
In the next stage of the investigation the anodic processes
were studied. Four ty es of electrolytes were used
containing (in S/litre3: (A) 25 Ni(BF 4)21 68*5 Fl,
138.7 F2 and 34.4 B; (B) same as (A) P11's 15 NiCl2'6H20;
(C) 240 NiSO 4-7"20, 30 H3B03; (D) same as (C) plus
20 NaCl. Cathodes were made of electrolytic nickel or of
non-paselvating nickel containing C 0.2%, Si 0.2% and 3 0.00
(Ref 12). To reduce to minimum the difference between their
Card4/8 true and the geometric surface areas, the cathodes were

SOV/149-58-5-14/18
Electrode Processes in Blectro-deposition of Nickel From Fluoborate
Electrolytes
polished first mechanically and then electrolytically
(to remove the plastically deformed layer). The results,
in the form of graphs showing the relationship between
the anodic current density and the. anode potential, are
reproduced in Figure 5: graph (1 non-passivating nickel
anode in electrol te C; graph (2~ _- as (1) but electrolyte
D used; graph (35 - non-passivating nickel anode in
electrolyte A; graph (4) - as (3) but in electrolyte B;
graphs (5) and (6) - electrolytic nickel anode in electro-
lytes C and D, respectively. When the ratio of the anode
and cathode surface areas was Sa/Sk = 2:1, the yield of
the dissolved metal per knit current was high even in the
absence of chlorides in the electrolyte but for
Sa/Sk = 1:1, a slightly lower yield was obtained. After
the bath was operated for the equivalent of 800 A.hour
per 1 Are of electrolyte the concentration of the nickel-
bearing salt in the solution was*unchanged and only a
slight rise in the pH number was observed. In their
Card5/8 conclusions the authors state that: i) the main advantage

SOV/149-58-5-14/18
Electrode Processes in Electro-deposition of Nickel From Fluoborate
Electrolyte
to be gained by using the fluoborate electrolyte instead
of a sulphate solution for nickel plating is that the process
can be intensified, i.e. higher current densities can be
employed without affecting the quality of the deposit
and yet without reducing the yield per unit current. The
maximum permissible current density can be increased by
increasing the Ni concentration in the electrolyte (up to
3N) and by using higher temperaturesi 4 when the
concentration of H3 BO3in the electrolyte is increased,
the cathode potential is reduced and so is the maximum
permissible current density. In spite of this effect,
which is probably due to partial dissociation of
Ni(BF 4)2 to Ni(BF3OH)2 and to a decrease in the activity
of the nickel ions in the electrolyte, it is recommended
to maintain the H3BO 3concentration slightly (approx.
15 g/litre) above the value corresponding to the
stoichiometric ratio, since free H3BO3 improves the
Card6/8 stability of the electrolyte and makes it less reactive;

SOV149-58-5-14/18
Electrode Pxocesses in Blectro-deposition of Nickel from Fluoborate
Electrolyte
iii) the effect of chlorides introduced in the electrolyte
in the form of NiCl2.6H2O in amounts up to 15 g/litre is
beneficial, since they reduce polarisation. However, at
high (more than 30 g/litre) chlorides concentrations, the
maximum permissible current density is lower and the 0
quality of the deposit is adversely affected. At 50 C,
the effect of the chlorine ions becomes insignificant,
most likely owing to the reduced adsorption of these ions
on the cathode surface and to sufficiently high activity
of the alaode, particularly when made of non-passivating
material. Owing to the latter factor, the fluoborate
electrolytes are quite stable, so that in operation it is
only necessary to replenish the fluoboric acid in order to
maintain constant pH, since the anodic,y-ield per unit
current is slightly higher than the cathodic;
(iv) the optimum value of the pH number of a fluoborate
solution for nickel plating is between 3 and 3.5. At
pH = 1 , the yield per unit current is too much affected
Card?/8 by the variation of the current density, while at

SOV/149-58-5714/18
Electrode Processes in Electro-deposition of Nickel from Fluoborate
Electrolyte
PH 4.5 , the electrolyte becomes unstable and subject to
hydrolysis and dark deposits are obtained;
(v) tendency to pitting is one of the shortcomings
of the fluoborate solutions for nickel plating. This
undesirable effect can be minimised by application of
stirring'and by addition of reagents reducing the surface
tension of the electrolyte.
There are 5 figures, 1 table end 12 references, 3 of
which are Soviet and 9 English.
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut tsvetnykh metallov i zolota.
Kafedra elektrokhimii i korrozii (Moscow Institute
of Non-ferrous Metals and Gold. Chair of Electro-
chemistry and Corrosion.)
SUBMITTED: January 14, 1958
card 8/8

25(l) PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/2693
Layner, Vladimir Illich, Professor, Doctor
Gallvanicheskiye pokrytiya legkikh splavov (Eloctroplating of Light
Alloys) Moscow, Metallurgizdat, 1959. 137 p. 6,200 copies
printed.
Reviewers: A.V. Shreyder, Candidate of Technical Sciences, and
L.I. Stoklltskiy, Engineer; Ed.: A.V. Shreyder; Ed. of Publishing
House; M.S. Arkhangel'skaya; Tech. Ed.: L.V. Dobuzhinskaya.
PURPOSE: This book is intended for engineers and technicians in
electroplating shops. It may also be useful to students of vuzes.
COVERAGE: The author discusses the electroplating. of articles
made of aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, and-titanium alloys.
Preparatory operations and methods of application are described.
Chrome-plating processes for increasing wear resistance and for
decorative and protective purposes are treated in detail. The
author thanks Yu.A. Velichko, G.S. Galimova, Z.G. Smorodova,
G.S. Konstantinova, V.V. Syagina, and T.M. Marenkova for their
Card 1/5

Electroplating) (Cont.)
SOV/2693
assistance. There are 70 references: 7 Soviet, 50 English, 8
German, and 5 French.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Preface 3
Ch. 1. Electroplating of Aluminum Alloys 5
1. General information 5
II. Methods of preparing surfaces of aluminum articles for
electroplating 8
1. Mechanical preparation 8
2. Chemical preparation 9
3. Electrochemical oxide coating 18
4. Zincate method 25
5. Electrolytic deposition of very thin layers of zinc and
brass 37
6. Dtuble treatment in zincate solution 38
7. Treatment in fluoride solutions 43
Card 2/5

Electroplating (Cont.)
SOV/2693
III. Protective and decorative chrome plating of aluminum
articles 51
1. Sequence of operations in protective and decorative
chrome plating of aluminum 51
2. Electroplating of aluminum articles prepared by the
zineate method - 53
3. Annealing of aluminum articles after nickel plating 50
4. Nickel plating of aluminum articles with intermediate
application of thin layLsrs of zinc and brass 61
5. Four-stage -orocess of chrome plating aluminum (Sequence:
Ni-Cu-Ni-Cr) 66
6. Corrosion testing 67
7. Chemical nickel-plating of aluminum 69
IV. Chrome plating for wear resistance 70
1. Methods of chrome plating for wear resistance 71
2. Chrome-plated aluminum-alloy cylinders 78
3. Fatigue strength of chrome-plated aluminum alloys 81
V. Tinplating 87
VI.. Other types of electroplating. 91
Card 3/5

Electroplatini (cont.) SO)r/',-693
Ch. 2. Electroplating of Magnesium Alloys 95
I. General information 95
ii. Freparing surfaces of magnesium alloys 95
III. Porosity of coatings on magnesium 102
IV. Soldering of copper-plated magnesium lo4
V. Electroplating of parts for the [American) artificial
earth satellite 106
VI. Comparative corrosion resistance of magnesium., aluminum,
and zinc after protective and decorative chrome plating 109
Ch. 3. Electroplating of Beryllium 115
Ch. 4. Electroplating of Titanium Alloys 120
I. General Information 120
II. Electrochemical treatment of titanium with a mixture of
ethylene glycol, zinc fluoride, and hydrofluoric acid 122
III. Treatment of titanium with mixtures of acetic and hydro-
fluoric acids and acetic and chromic acids 131
Card 4/5