SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT KUVSHINSKIY, YE. V. - KUVSHINSKIY, YE. V.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000927930008-3
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 13, 2001
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

Thermoelastic Phenomena In Synthetic Rubbers at Adiabatic 57-1-o-1-5/33
Deformation Reaching the Break.
tion a reduction of the heat emission was observed within the
range of strong tensions a short time before the break, caused
by the solidification of the material.
There are 2 figures, I table, 5 Slavic reforences.
ASSOCIATION: Leningrad Polytechnical Institute imeni Kalinin 9. 1. (Leningrads-
kiy politekhnicheskiy institut Imeni 9-1, Kalinina).
SUBMITTED: April 1B, 1957.
AVAILABLE! Library of Congress.
Card 2/2

IV I I Ir
AUTHORS: Votinov, M. P., Sullzhenko,L. L., Kuvshinskiy, le-V- 57-lo-16/33
TITLE: Thermoelastic Phr-nomena in Rubbern out of Natural Caoutchous at
Cyclic Deformation(Termouprugiye yavleniya v rezinakh iz natural'
nogo kauchuka pri taiklicheakom deformirovanii)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal Tekhn. Piz., 1957, Vol. 27, Nr lo, pp. 23o7-2313 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The thermoelastic propertiea of the n1tural caoutchouc were
investigated according to the method of tile adiabatic expansion
in tile cycle: expansion- shrinking. The deformation velocity
amounted to loo % per second. The patterns differed by vulcani-
zation mode 'and the kind of the dispersed filler. It is shown
that the initial stages of the extension in the case of non-
filled (X,4,5) and filled (A t@,1,8 to 4) rubbers are character-
ized by a heat emission equivalent to 'tile deformation work.The
further deformation is accompanied by an emission of the surplus
heat effected by the crystallization of the rubber. Furthermcre
it in shown that tha beginn of crystallization and its degree de-
penda in the case of a given prolongation oil the vulcanization
process as well as on tile nature of the dispersing filler. Rub-
bers of greater inflexibility crystallize not so well. The active
filler- and the channel soot supports tile crystallization to a
greater extent than chalk and silica gel. A deformation velocity
Card 1/2 of 100% per second guarantees the aciabatic course of the measu-

Thermo,!Iaatic Phenomena in Rubbers out of Hatur;il Cuoutchoun at 57-10-16/'/5
Cyclic Deformation.
remento without additional measures. It is determined that the
mistakes in the quantitative analysis of the processes in rubbers
in the case of adiabatic extension are connected with the igno-
rance of the real amount of the specific heat and with the in-
exactness in the determination of the prolongation in the case of
shrinking which is especially essential. There are 5 figures and
5 Slavic references.
ASSOCIATION: Polytechnical Institute imeni Kalinin M. I., Leningrad (Poli-
tekhnicheskiy institut imeni M. I. Kalinina, Leningrad)
SUMMITTED: April 18, 1957
AVAILABLE: Library of ConEresa.
Card 2/2

Ile 1 VJ,
AUTHORS; Votinov, go P.,, and Kuvahinskiy, Ye. V. 57-11-17/33
TITLE: Regularities of the Transformation of Work into Heat at
Adiabatic Deformation of Rubbers obtained from Buty"aoutchouc
(ZaMnomernosti prevrashcheniya raboty v teplo pri adiabaticheskom
deformirovanii rezin iz butil.Jauchuka).
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal Tekhn. Fiz., 1957, Vol. 27, Nr 11, pp. 25514-2572 (USSR).
ABSTRACT: The thermoelastio properties of rubber produced from butyl.-Caouto
chouc according to the method of abiabatic extension were inveatio
gated. The authors show that in the case of non-filled rubbers the
begin of crystallization occurs at an extension degree of X>7.
Vulcanization products with a gas:-soot filling do not crystallize
at a deformation of up toAc*.,6. The initial stages of deformation
are accompanied by a cooling-down of 1OC. The analysis given here
made it poasible to prize the regularities in a rubber produced from
butyl-caoutchouc without filler in the case of extension as well as
to determine the lack of crystallization processes in rubbers with
soot filling up to 9-fold extension.
There are 1. figure and 3 Slavic references.
Card 1/2

57@U-17/33
Regularities of the Transformation of Work into H&:At at Adiabatic Deformatica
of Rubbers: Obtained from Butyl-Caoutchouc.
ASSMIATIONT Polytechnical Institute imeni IA. 1. Kalinin (Politekhnicheakiy
institut imeni @1. I. Kalinina).
SUBMZTTED,: April. 23, 1957.
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress.
Card 2A

KMHIN3YJY., E. V..9 IFUDETO G. A., WaWVV, S. E. tuid EIMONOV, 14. 1.
"Mechanical Rupture of Hard Polymer Materials."
report prenented at the Conf. on Mechanical Properties of Non-YietallIc Solids,
Leningrad, USSR, 19-26 May 1958.
Inst. High Molecular Compounds, Aced. Sci. USSR, LenlnioTad.

A=11RS: Sidorovich, A. Y., Xuv:ih1n3ktyt Ye. 0 -,..J
T 1 T L-',': Determin@ttion of Dynamic Mechanical
Materials by the Excitation of Bei,.di-:,g V.4brutio:-.5 @rl @.L
Plate Fejtrainei at One End(Opredele:@Iye
che-.Aikh kharakter!'.3t@@.k nat,@r-,,Llov metld-3:@
baniy izgiba v to:ikoy pl;inti;ie, z-azi,,itoy oln@@m
PERIODICALt Zhurnal tekhnicheskoy fi--iki, 1958, ':r 8,
PP 1759 - 1767 (US3R)
AB 3 TRA C T t In this paper a theory of the deter=-,..ution of
mechanical churacter4sticz of mater-:al.3 from v,br-13..
with a thin plate restrained at one end 3 deve.2cped. Exiating
theories are based upon the aB@,;U,-.Ptior: that ta,:.gent of
the los3 angle is smull anl that the dy!@a7_
the loss angle vary with frequency U3 in FA KelVln
Foykht body (Refs I and 2). Since na-.-riala Were tr- be Ir-
vestigated which exhibl,t a great lo:3@3 and

p_radual ly vary -K@ t- e f r,-, -i,.
churacterigtics of whicn
a theory had to be fieveloped de:,e.A,@;.ce

of the3e propertit,.,s wil thin t,.e '., im-4 --3 fzi@ W 4. dDf
f
Card 1/4 the re3onance curve. Equuti-c:.3 de:i -, --, z.-.t-s c-.;r,;e:3

Determinatlon of Dynamic Mechanical Characte:i:,,tics
.of Materials by the Excitation of 1--nding Vibratioi-,:-, ir, a T'ni.,'. Plute ',Ie-
strained at One End
of materials with a lo:jo aiKle a.,, hign @.ip, tg@ were deduzt@d.
The functional relatio!,.s of this ju,-ntity -,,: -, t iu Ilk' s- 'N i J " h
of the resonance curve aiid s@tlh thi! ra,io of ;,=pli-
tude3
Y
resonance :n order to .91:e-,ify t, @, c 1 i :7. t sof
applicability of the formulae deduced t!@@.- in trie
determination of the loss angle and of t",e modulus
of two models were analyzr-d. Th,@-se models "re the Keiv'r. -Foyk@@t
the Maxwell (Makavolll body whi.-@@ diump,
and I rically
opposite cases of a pronour.ced vai,i.,@tioi,, of witi.,
the frequency. Since all formulap wt,-,ro J(.,TAC@A t?ie
asnumption that tg6 and thti ab9oIuto'v..1,.;L of t!.,L dynarnic
modulus IEdl is indqperia,@nt of th.,,@ it -JV:,.3 dooired
to know the conditions wnich e
frequency depe!-dence. Thio ,:; t,.e ca-3,@ -.;i*-,-::. .. variatio'l of
Card 214

')e f I e , @ @
ermination of Dynamic Illechanica!
of @Ilateriala by the Excitation of Bending 7ibra t i o ri.,. i r, a L :-, i-,late Re-
strained at One End
tg 6 I< 0,6 whereas outiide of th i aI i ::. i ttI ji 3t i f i , ',Le
only after a critical analysis of 11'% e y d u, p er, I k! 71 z
The maximum error encountered in a bol- 4y @i,, tg's - o
I jtj0:j @ t@..
is 9,5ifo. A method for the l 4 _j@, ,, r i Z, I @a cul"I't,
is pre3ented. From the atlulyf3is of t,,.e errc,--:3 11, bo
concluded that this anethod 2ec-,;n,.3 a@.ceptaM-,., for tl.e
of the two models in question at leas'for of tes
not exceeding 0.6. There are 4 figur,@3,
ences, 0 of which is 3oviet.
ASSOCIATIO'I: Institut vysokomolekulYILrnyk,h noyedit:eniy A," .;.;Ji(
(Inotitute of Iligh-Molet.-Ular Co,-..p,)urdj,A.3
Augiiqt 2, 1957
Card 3/4

Deter@mi nation of Dynamic Mecharical '7 - '! " ::. , - @ :; - ;@ - @ -- @l -
- I/ , ) , , . @, I
of I'laterials by the Excitation of Bending 7ibr;@tiGr.3 4.., @- Re-
13-trained at Ono End
Card 41-4

,.UT110113, Vololin, 7@ Kuvrhinnkiy, Ye. V
TITLE: The Influence of Vulc;in17:itinn on t`,o DiolcictrA;c zro;.,erties
of Rubl)ers on the B,isir, of Hubor (Yliyanije viilk-iniz:-tn-,i
na dielektrichesUye, ovoy!1tv,I rn orn,)vo 'w,-tuchuk-.i CKC-Y,'Q

PERIODICAL: H
Zhurnal tc)')1nichf!,jkoj fi7iki Vol 111' 7,
1424 - 1427 (U'@':R)
ADSTRAM The vari.,ttion of the dieloctr.c jjro@)erties on tne tasis of the
div1n:o,1 styrene rubber C"-- "
diiring the :@ulfur vulcanization
in the prenence of the Lt@rator diphenyl gunnid-ine was ob-
served., For thin purpooe .;ljries of vulcanizers were investi-
t:atod which differed accoril-ing to their sulfur content and
vulcanization time, The of the conlitional-equilibrium-
-modulus E
was assumed to be characteristic for the vulcani-
Y-P
zation depth. It is accorlin, to thc. stref@o which
remains after the relaxation f,)r ono ho,ir it 6oOC,Thc possibility
of unini, this amount for thi,,-. purpore was proved alrc-ady earlier
by the %uthors (Rof 1), inventi,7Ltion of t@-,e dielectric pro-
p,_,rties of the vulcani:-.er@,, Yr@Ls cnrrir@d out by of -in auiio-
CaA 1/4 -frequency I)ri;l e., It is nhoirn t':,,:Lt wi,@th tr;(-, incrca.@-,e of the

7
The Influence of Vulcani@,-.@ion on the D-',.'rctric 5
@roperties of Rubbers on tte Baoiz of S'S lo,,. :iul.,@or
v-ilcanization depth the VLrlfiC,,Iti()Il
which is cc-nifir:-ed by tht@ immedinte of thi3
quantity carrJed olit it t,.c; VNIISK 1.7ieni Le'lwlev. Th@@ increase
of thf@ vul@-ani-n'Aion ie-,th lr@a(ls to th;! increane of t'.I(-, Maximum
value for tg.,@,Thls effect 'L3 explained 1,y t-e fact th.it the
nu,mber of the w1hesion placco - of the i,olar culfur brid,,-es -
rions Yith t@ie IncrorqQ of the vulcani7,ition depth, It is ohown
th,,J the "a(.ti-,r:Aion of t"r.e dielectric relaxation pro-
ceso in the invc@sti,,:nted temi-,er.Aure rani-e is equal in the ca3e
of all vulcanizern (2@i - 2 *Ircal/mole). i:c-. does not depend
On the vulc-Lniv..,,.tion depth, :,!@xi-@t of t@,t-, viere detected as well
in the rail,,;e of high temperitures, Th-se are especially visible
in the case of rubbers which -i.-e to -i sm-.11 extent vulcanized,
and v-mioh in the of rubbors .-,,Iich nre to ;,. Freat extent
vulcanizod -1 :-,o -.31 with th-, "requency alteration
q1j . sp naxima @ hift I I
-@cr In orfler to detect this
rv-@inc to t,.,- te-mier.-Aurr, @cale
,
phenom,mon of t-@- vt@,re cfkr-,-iet1 out in th, . case
C.,-,rd 2/4 of rul,,I)er mj@@tur.-Iw:- -@hi,--" 'L(,lon,,: to the

The Influence of Vulc,-nization on the ')i.-icctric 57-Z-3-7-10/35
A'2roparties of Rubbers on tits Basis of S,3---'OA Rulj@er
dispensing of the vulcani,.,..:-.-; (ctmaric acid, za,nesium oxide,
rubberax, diphenyl guani.di:,e, nulfur), On thin occasion it
was found that the oocurrer.ce of a hiCh maximun value of tg@
in the range of positive te.-.paraturen is c,.-_.iised by the presence
of diphanyl Guanidine in rulAer,. The presence of other Ingre-
dients in rubber up to four parts by weiGht loss not influence
considerabl.y the tanperatura dependence of tg@, The experiments
showed that diphenyl ouanidine has a high electric conductivity
which is to a @,reat extent dependent on the temperature. The
pre3ence of ouch a subatance in tho) r1abber In dispersed state
in bound to lead to the develop:@ient of the "unusual" temperature
dependence, ;.,a to the "Watnerll losses (Ref 3) which according
to their nature are conduction loosen. The vanishing of the
"Wap-ner" 1OBSe3 With the Increase of the vulcanization depth
is connected with the projrernive deconponition of the diphanyl
guanidine Thus the inyesti@;ition of Vine dielectric properties
uf rubhern at different Yuleninization qtaj,^,o offers the posoi-
bility of inYejti,;i&t1ng the kinetics of the sulfur vulcanization
Card 3/4 process and to obnerve especially the conourption of the

The Influence of Vulc:tntz;--,tion on the Dielectric -7-10/35
Properties of Rublers on the Basis of Rubber
accelerator the diphenyl :uanilina There !ire 4 fio@,,;rea,
2 tables,and I
ASSOCIATION. Lentil,., rad 8,:Iy politeklinichr'i,; 1:@iititut 1:r. I Kitlinina
(Lenin:,rad Folyt,!chnimll 1!--tit'Ite i-.f!ti I!
SUBMITTED: JuIj 11, 1957
Card 4/4

7 6/5 rj
AUTHORS: V,-? 1; d -IL' r,, V @ P, -K,jv.-hin@ik.;,Y, Ye. V.
TITLE: Or, the @f 7111-1.8,-3t -I,-- _r, Plarts Uc-ir_z the
'Noth, d .,f For.,,-@ a%l Vel@-Pj" and the Means fcr !*.3 Elimination
(Ob effektt@ ". I@c iloat@ I In t;- 1 romiyal" v u-tanc"lkakh, real i..
j-,i,-4h@,h'OL mpt,-d I'n; @y Lfk; i pi;t 1 yo@,ro tiatraneniya)
:.A
PERIODICAL: Zhurna.' @A* z iki - :95c@ V-, 1, 26, NT 7! pp." 452-14513
(USSR.)
ABSTRACT: The xansrA Lf wori(t,,g,- f rrqn.@n-: @ @i_; in pl ant,.i uoing the "method
vf for:@- and i,,@ IIM@kii,@d at thp hij.;h-l-equency
@iide by a rr,lm@-r J The-qe lead to 'the fai@t that
the m6a-,u@ea i- - parl, (,4' ir:redz;x,.--e alcpts an abourd
neaati7:o@ The -a,,ath-,rj in-3otiVated the rules Governing
ouch an sff,?,J of nepat;:a frictic-n an we-A- 1 as the caUDOB
f@,r i@i dp,:tAl I tlhz@ -aacez, ccnnected with the
th@:. t,',,.-:r@,lynam4:c transformer anI
with flo: ri,- hzfr' @ii .8hOWTi: III
I f 0)
Cay d 13 hc- r,!5!rli@orA 4:,@ tle

- .. @77 29 7-16,171"
On the Effe,;t of plants 1J.'j-
11 i ni; th.? "Yeth cf For@: e
and Velocity" anrl the f r I'-; : --,n
M"Virq: @Lrvl the Wi!h !3-aa'jl mass
rh-@ co-I'L tI3 L--ary rif@id, thj mzareri@'! 'if the
s-ipp-rl m4--jt )- r.,.-- --jr4d-tcti,@-, and no part@-' vi-ist exi3t in
the b,ly @-f th@@ tna+ (;ive way. i f, kdenot9i the
a@id it), fla . phi - a hit ' iepend!-nt )n the f-r e qun-jr@@ Based an
the in *.iI,0 :L:-, .@f @he phitie fr:?q-a,-n-y dc..
pezr.fitv zi rho g -3 f ,jrd: ', ) The diff-ren-e between
*h@? exp-.r;m-4r.I.x'- da@a and r@,+ predlrtior,@-- I- f the:,ry, i.e.
r12- ds: fr,.jm rl.,.ist m.-ainly bri attributed
t, .- -th-@- pha,,n y 2) The anomaly
of @,hc- pnriae y ron5 i3tj of the superpoDi.-
ti@7@ c..' th;! adldit.'- A (it *ha Da,;i @. phase fre-,
(I'lef .-,r d-r pj:@d d t ang-tilur fri-qu2nzy.
3) Thta :f ),I th-3 fx@quen.!jr rnakea it
- '! -1 1 17@
P., irt- a o-,),irrt in a nimpl@? may unl *c
al p e it i@ 4 @" A I
again mak-3c, i! pco33it!!.t! t- t-xtend
t.hg w(,rkj-g ray.ge: --f ii)f? -jpp-:L-r-3As the met;,c'd of for,.-'?
and
Card 2/3 Tn@, f Z M ' KE

.;u il 57-23-7-16/35
On the Effe-t of "llegative Friction" in Plants Using the "Methua of Force
and Velocity" an-1 the Means for Its Elimination
The direct measurement is based on the electric equivalent
of the mechani-,al inpedance E which by the formula (1) is
connected with the mechanical impedance of the inve3tigated
6yatem ZM.
X denotes the factor of the electromechanical coupling de.-
pending on the construction of the apparatu3, which is
experimentally determined. There are 2. fiCures, 1 table,
and 9 referen,@sq, 6 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Loningradakiy politekhnicheskiy in3titut imeni M. I. Kalinina
(Leningrad Polytechnioal Institute imeni M. 1. Kalinin)
SUBMITTED: Ju1Y 11. 1957
Caxd 3/3

investigated
28
:11 b r V I T) ,,I t-
if. lift t, "t t I
25,
posit'
2 vulcanis"%, &gents for natural rubber were
by
L
)MIe
f an samples vhich had not been previausly stretched. The com-
Ej
by the

28 -
i" to
in

AUT110R.; i Yolekhirta, Yo 7@ 7 6 '@2 V4 7
TITLEs Kinetion of the High Preiisure Pclymcr zation of Illethy1raetha-
orylate(Kinetika polimerizatsi-L rn,:,t@7,zetakrilata pri vysokikh
davlenlyukh)
PERIODICALt Zhurnal f izicheskoy ir !Ii r-, i i59 , 7-:@, 1 , 32, Nr 5, 016-
(USSR)
AMRAM The present work is a of Vereshcha-
Ein, 7.A. Derevitskayri and Z.A. 'Ref 1) with the main
attention in the ki:-,Pt,.ca beini@ paid to the irje(,tpd polyme-
rization. BenzoylI,er(,xi,AI(! wa,) ujod to 0,2 per@:ent DY weit:ht
and the experiments were cayried pt at @ressures of 1 kFICM2
at 5o-700C and of looo-4500 k91rIM at 25-5000. The kinetics
were determined accordinF tf, th3 d2lato:-,,etric =ethod by which
means polymer.zation depth.9 f atout 3o,t could be deter-
miriod with an accuracy of 0, w.. iuith ;;rnssure3 of above
lo3o kg/cIM2 the dilatometrir methcd acrordin@: to Ye.V. Kuv-
shinskiy and A,3. jeraenova (ii?f "I wa5 applied. For filling
the ampuules with the a t3pecial' vac-,um 1.1ant was can-
structed the ocheme oi' which aq well as the wurking tec!inijue
Card I/
5
are jiven. From a @:ra:hically s:.own curye can, be eeen thzA the
I

Kinetira of the High Pret3aure Pulymerizati(.jn uf 2. 5 - 014 7
Ye thy ln)e thacrylate
course of polymerization can be divided int:, four sections;
the exDerimonte on the influence of the injectior- concentra-
tion on the polymerization kinetics cr. the other hand show
that the noment of reaching the same polamerization depth is
inversely propottional fLnd the renc-ti.-n velocity ia directly
proportional to Y-r,The temperature depe:,,'Jence cf the reaction
velocity is shown by a nu!@.ber cf isobar3 while frum a di@%o.7ram
it can be seen that with the increase of pressure the activa-
tion heat decreases and thar. on the other hand tEe rise cf
pressure effects an inc.-;)ase of the @olymerizatior, velocity.
The increase of the polymerization degree was first ob3erved
by Norriah and Bro.-,k.@an (Ref 6). wnille tre increase of the
polymerization velocity and the _Jncr_a!,,, of the molecular
weight, not observed -.n the casp of styrene, is explained by
the occurrence of the jolly effect, @',.nally the authors point
out that in using ki;gh ncJ!,.ew elementary reactions
of polymoilzation were obi3erved. There are 9 figures, 1 table,
"Ild Io references. 7 of are juviet.
Caxd 2/3

Kinetics of the High Pressure Folymerizat!@;n of
Uethylme thacry 1 ate 32 - 5-b/4 71
ASjOCIATIO:13 Politekhnicheskiy institut jim, Kalinina Leningrad
(Leningrad Polytechnical Instituto imeni h'
;.@I, Kalinin)
SUBYITTEDs November 9, 1956
Ao ryl i@ o i 11 jymt,
A! L.Ys.i 3 tluthem,it
Card 313

VOTOOV. M.P.; SUBBOTIN. S.A.; SkYOUTOVA, T.V.; MPYTOVSKATA, S.P.; KUYSHINSKIT,
To. V.
Investigating the crystallizability of 'SKI" vulcanized rubber b7 the
method of adiabiatic stretching. 7yookom.soad. I no.711016-1020 n 159.
(MIRA 12-11)
1. VuesoyuzW7 nauchno-iseledovatellski7 Institut sintaticbee)cogo
kauchuka.
(Rubber. @%rnthetic)

SOV/181-1-9-2C/51
AUTHORS: Bessonov, M. I., Kuvahinakiy, Ye. V.
TITLE;: Cracks in Transparent Plasticn, Their Growth and Struc';ure
PERIOLICkLz Fizika tyerdol3o tela, 1959', Vol 1, Nr 9, PP 1441 - 1447 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In the present paper the authors describe an interference
method for the investigation of cracks in the interioz of a
transparent material. They inve8tigatcd the growth of cracks
in samples of rectangular and round cross section fron poly-
styrene and polymethyl methaerylatel(PM ) with 2% plastifier
dibutylphtbalaTTe-.7-he cracks were produced by the action of
some kg/MM Figure 1 shows a typical-picture of micr3cracks
formed In the PMMA in penetrating:light. Figure 2 is a
schematic representation of the possible observation direct-
ions. Next, the authors discuss the investigation results
shown In numerous figures (photos are enlar�ed 22, g(p 6oq
or 1204. Figure 3a shows PIMMA (d - -5 kg/mm , to-20 (-) a side
view in penetrating light; the cracks nenetrate 0.2 I.o 0.3 mm
into the depth of the material. Figure 2b shows the Lnter-
ference picture of such cracks; strip sets of the shipe of cut
Card 112 parabolas superposing one another (Fig 2b'). Figure 4 shows

Cracks in Transparent Plastics, Their Growth and 3tructure SOV/181-1-9-20/31
the reconstruction of form and dimensions of such a crack
(the interference picture was taken under green light with
0.5314) carried out by means of the data obtained from the
interference pictures. The angle from the crack walls en-
closed in the central part, was found to be.-, 25', the diat-
ance between them at the surface @-- 4/4,. A small number of
internal cracks was found in the sample interior (Fii 5).
Figure 6 is a schematic representation of an instrum?nt for
the observation of the crack groWth. Figure T shows & series
of six pictures descr@bing 0the crack growth in the virious
stages (PM , 4 kg/mm , 20 C). Figures 8, 9, and 10 )how
pictures of indiviAual cracks, figure 9 is the only )icture
showing cracks in polystyrene, figure 10 shows a sinjle large
crack in oriented PM . All details concerning the toiking of
such pictures are dealt with cloael*. There are 10 f:,gurea
and 12 referonce3, 9 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATIOri: Institut vysokomolekulyarnykh soyedineniy AN SSSR Leminprad
(Institute of High-molecular Compounds of the AS L76SI-
L a n I-ng-r-WYT
SUBMITTED: may 5, 1958
Card 2/2

BESSONOV, R.I.; huVSHINSFIT. YO.V.
Cortain chartictnristics of tho destruction of unnnaled
polyntyrane. Vysiak6m.soed. I no.10:1561-1565 0 '59-
(MIM 13:3)
1. Institut vysoknmnlakulyarnyVh soyadinAniy AN SSM .
(Styrene)

28(5)
AUTHORS: Bessonov, M. I., Kuvehinakiy, Ye. V.
TITLE: Determination of Creeping in Solld llolyizora
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya laboratoriya, 195?, Vol 25, Nr 9, PP 11 7-112C
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: Since hitherto.there had not buen a generally used mothoi and
standard device to toot the creeping (C) in polyme:-s, the
present paper describes a proper methoJ used in tho Institute
mentioned in the Association. The tests are carrie4 out at
conBtant temperature and constant tensile stress o:f the sample,
To record the course of accumulation of deformatiois the
(C)-curves are plotted automatically, this bei;ng especially
necessary when the speed of (C) is great, as under high
tensions. Microsam8l:s (Fig 1) were tested, which aad been
heated to 10 to 11 ver the softening temperature (ST) be-
forehand and then slowly cooled down to room tempo.:-ature. The
(ET) of the sample is determined according to the nethod of
the Institut fizichookikh problem All SSSR (Institute for
Physical Problems of the AS USSR) (Ref 1). The graph of a
Card 1/3 horizontal thermal chamber (Fig 2)-, in which atretzhing is

Determination of Creeping In Solid Polymero
SOV/32-25-9-35/53
carried out under observation of the sample deformation through
a measuring microscope and recording the deformaticn. by an
electric rhoochord transmitter, as well as showing the loading
mechanism, is presented. The latter can work in tic ways
with a disc and counter weighip no well as with a figured
eacenter. Calculation methods for the two types of loading
are mentioned. Visual deformation measurements are usually
made without correction for "boundary effect". The above
mentioned transmitter was linked to a bridge circuit (Fig 4),
this again linked to a recording potentiometer of type E2P-C9
(scale 30 mv). The absolute maximum moasuring error of da-
formation was + 0.005 mm. The temperature stabilization in
the abovementioned chamber was achieved by ineans of a
direct current - bridge circuit of type UMV and a roverning
.0 1
millivoltmeter of type MRShch9r and was + 0-5 with+'.n the
temperature range +20 to +200 . There ar@e- il fignireo and 9
referenoon, 3 of which are Soviet.
Card 2/3

Determination of Creeping in Solid Polymers
SOV/32-25-9-35/53
ASSOCIATION: Institut vyookomolekulyarnykh ooyedineniy Akaiemii nativ. 535P
(Institute for High Molecular Compounds of the Acadez@y !
Sciences, USSR)
Card 3/3

28(5) SOV/32-25-9-37/53
AUTHORS: Sidorovich, A. V., Kuvshinakiy, Ye-.- V.
TITLE: Device for the Determination of the Heat Dilatation of
Films and Threads
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya laboratorlya, 1959, Vol 25, Nr 9, pp 1124-1126
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: In investigations concorning the hardening of polymers (P)
it is most appropriate to test the linear dilatation of
thin (P)-films. Through high-vacuum treatment at increased
temperatures low molecular matter and particularly moiature
can be practically entirely removed from ouch 3amrlos.
orientation of the macro-molecules in the film, ollizh
during the production of the film and becomes vi.,ii')lo oi, ioat-
ing in form of shrinkage and deformation, cun be r,!m3v,31
-h va,,uur
through prior heatin;t of tho nample in hij, - - lo
over the glazing temperature. An apparatuF) was constr@ictdd
which allows quant tative linear dilatomotric, analy..iin In '.he
vacuum (10-2 _ 10-@ mm, fig) under dyndmically strictly oontrolled
time and tenperature conditions (20-2500). The samples can
be cooled os heated with homogeneous speed in a rangi of
Card 1/3 0,50/h to 2 /h, or can be kept tit conntant temperi,turp with

SOV/32-25-@-37/'3
Device for the Determination of the Heat Dilatation of Films Thre-a-10
an accuracy of + 0.20 for several days. At the 3amo UL,e @,s
the dilatometri7c- neaeurements the sample can be veiphod. The
apparatus (Fig 1) essentially consists of two irjaaa c,, rlinlers.
In the upper cylinder there in a quartz spiral balnnc#i to
which the sample is fastened with a quartz threai, so
it hangs in the lower cylinder. To the lower end :)f thq jaTple
another quartz thread is glued (with the adhesive BF-2), co
that its lower free end hangs into a tapering par; of the
lower cylinder, which is fused together. The lowe:- end of
the quartz spiral, as well as the free end of the quartz
thread hanging from the sample are examined with one cathoto-
meter MIR-1 (with ocular micrometer A119-2) each. @'he lower
cylinder is situated in an electrical oven. The tvo gla3c
cylinders can be evacuated. An installation is used for thermal
control (Fig 2), containing among other things an automatic
transformer LATR-2, millivoltmeter MRShchPr-54, two resistors
of the sliding contact rheostat RSP, as well as a sQund frequen-
cy generator 3G-10. Meaourement of the heat elongation of thin
quartz threads showed that with frequent heating and cooling
very little elongation resulted. Tests concerning the hardening-
Card 2/3 and softening process of atactic polystyrene throu;h radical

BOV/32-25-9-37/55
Device for the Determination of the Heat Dilatation of Films and Threads
pol;merization Bhored (Fig 3) that only in the ra3ge over
110 the state of polystyrene is clearly determinid by
temperature. With lower temperatures the length o.' the sample
is dependent on prior thermal treatment. There ar3 3 figures.
A330CIATION: Institut vysokomolakulyarnykh ooyedineniy Akademii nauk SSSR
(Institute for High Molecular CompoundB of the Academy of
Sciences, USSR)
Card 313

5.3'j'30, 5-4100

AUTHORIS Sidorovich, A. V., arid
TITLE: Antst)tropy ot' Tii@!vr@:I! t,-)., F I y 1, J,.-l
ulltdireclJori'll ly Ho I I i-
PE11IODICAL: zhurnal tekhnicilo2sl,:oy IT-
J, j-'r)
1271-127P (US,"311)
ABSTRACT: (-CF,,-CF,)-)
f'Ilms In either low-,PItidinal. ol,
Is sub,'ected to iicat Lri:- and cool 1.1, a-d anisatropy
studied throLqh vieasurement-3 of it,@i t I 1,@- rm. a I c w@, f I' L (-,- i (I. nt-
of' llnear expanslon and c-@:' nha,,e transitlon.
;.1
Sample filln's %-;ere heated "CJ'D 41
'__-;O,
C, @"col@-(!
to -22-50 C, 'Ml Illf-ti heal---d C. Ti.,
temperature chanl!-
cs
.
mLn. It hp,-is buun o*1j--@-i-'l,-,,,i "I' 11: ior) I I
cill-if'.3 sho..." a ht;-,h
coef'I'tc-, I c)V
Card I L direction (if' v;,111119" is (All'. :1

Anisotropy of'
Poly tetraflUOI'CetWICrIe Unidin-,ctLorially
Rolled
ASSOCIATION:
In ClInin rol lk.,(] In t,hc T i
on ly in I'i Im". 1.0 n 1;1@- j
whether, thesc, z
thermal ariLsutxupy ut'
undirectionally i.o
2 U. K. Rit-Uy, 11. A. P,-.u m, C
583), 19119; Y., %`C
RV,
3. Nut. h"I'..
F. A. , Roi,c_-Pts, D. ITE. ,
1OL35, 1%1; KivbJr, R. F., J. 1! 7"'1"
C. E. P,.,
nly, All, 5'.'JISH)
SUEMITTED: April 18), Llj@q

SIIP1'60100210-1221035
BOO@/BO14
AUTHORS% Lebodev, G. A., Kuvshin8kiy, Ye, V.
TITLEi
Rules Governing
methacrylat and
the Deformation of Amorphous Ppj_ymithyl-
Polyvinylacetatelby Cold Extractim
I I
PERIODICALs Fizika tverdogo tela, 1960, Vol. 2, No. 1, Pp. 96- 05
TEM The article under review shows that it is pos3il,le to el:)nfrate
polymers below the temperature of vitrification continuously (without
constrictions) and to study the stroso-strain curves quantitatively. Sam-
ple3 with a cross section of up to 1 =2 were subjected to tensile tests
in the temperature runCe +20 -' +160`C. The authors studied pol:(vinyl-
acetate (PVA) and polymethylmethacrylate (MMLA). The chanCes ir the
length and cros3 section of the samr1e5 were examined visually and
photoFraphically. Analyses of numerou3 experiments have shown 1hat stress-
strain curvei usually show peaks in their initial nectionn If !he sample
@Ioes, not tear up to an elongation of - 10 per cent. Contractioiis were not
observed in every caoc (Fig. 1), It may te as2umed tYat the density of
Card 1/3 /C

Rules Governing the Deformation of Amorphous S11 13 1/'60/002 /0 1 /2 210 "15
Folymethylmethacrylate and Polyvinylacetate s00131BO14
by Cold Extraction
the m3terial chanFes o@ly slightly during the tensile te9t, Tatle 1 :@ho%:,
that the change of Ob ) does not exceed 2.5 1.4' at a df@Free -)f elor.Ci,-
tion of In addition te) the strosn-strain curves of PVk foil,
Fig, 2 showri drawinCq of namplos elorigated to differOnt OxtOntB. It was
011@tithllihed that the existence of a peak need not be caui;(,d by contrac-
tion. The development of a contraction is always accompanied by it
11plateaull on the stress-strain curve (Section AR in FiE. 1), Reli.xation
occurs in addition to elastic deformation (Fig. 3). It was provec that
the increase of stress is actually due to elastic deformation. A theory
of the process of elongation is established on the basis of u gvreralizs-
tion of the relations of Maxwell's theory concerning viscoun-ula,@tlc
media, Theoretical stress-strain curves characterized by a steel) rile and
a flat drop are represented in Fig. 4. The descending branch of the
curve (Fit,. 4b) represents the dynamic equilibrium between the in:rease
in strosn and itu relaxation. A differential method was developed for
analyzing the intermittent stress-8train curve (Figs. 5 and 6). 1'. is
suited for an exact and reliable determination of the differentia..
Card 2/3 A:

Hui,, rT @' :17 the Deforwition of knorphoun S/18i/60/002/01,'22/035
Polymethylmethacrylate and Polyvinylacetate BOOB/BO14
by Cold Extraction
modulus of normal elasticity E and of the rate of relaxation UZ at
at
various stages of deformation. There are 6 fi(rures, 2 tables, and
3 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATI'M Institut vysokomolekulyarnykh soyedineniy AN SSSR, leningrad
(Institute of High-molecular Compounds, AS USSR, Leningrad)
SUBMITTED: April 14, 1959
VC
Card 3/3

13F,S5011OV, M.I.., KUVSHINSKIT, Te.V.
Relation I)etweqn the static breakdown and defornation of
solid amorphous polymers. Vysoicom. aced. 2 no. 3:397-403
Mr '60, (MIRA 13:11)
1. Inatitut vyookomolakulyarnyich soyedinenly AN SSSR.
(Polymers) (strains and stresses)

7 - Ll 83824
S/ 190,1601o02 / jj.)rlo 141,31
:2-409 It 0 0 4 /B C)
AUTHORS: Sidorovich, A. V., FuvshinfikiLl, Ye.
TITLE: Thermomechrinicil Study of Amorphous tirvl Cry5talline P c I ym @-Tzi
PERIODICAL Vytjokomolekulyarnyye soyedino.@niya, 1)@O, Vol. 2,
pp. 778-704
TEXT : The authors of the present paper inten,JeA to fin] (@10 r,ex
ujtico can be classified amonp the known plastics hy inve@--t4j i thpm
;fi ng
thermomechanically. They used an apparatus dencribed in Refq. A. 1, .
50 mm long, 2 - il mm wide, and 0.05 - 0.') mm thick polymer strips 'Aerb
studied by uniaxial, uniform atretc@injy tinder a load of 20 100 kelCM2,
w'th linear temperature rise in tile ranre from -150 to 2500C %nd a veloci-
ty of 0.4 to 100 0C/h. From among the amorphous polyr.-.ero, po@y!jtyreile,
polyethyleneterephthalate, and the styrene rubber copoly!:.er. of the tyLP
CKC-ao (SKS-00) were studied (Figo. 1, 2). Frr.-m stmoni, crys-illir-,2
polymers, isotactic polypropylene, polyethylene, poly tetlraf @ucroe'tl zlene
and polyethyleneterephthalate (which was caused by heatini- t,@ cuer
into the crystalline state) were invest igat el (Firo. Defcrmutic-n
Card 112

83824
Thermomechanical Study of Amorphous and S/ I 901t',0/0021 /0,:) @1/0 14,101 r
Crystalline Polymers B004/BO67
in amorphous polymers depends to it hi,-,her lei-,reo c,,-, @itrotchinv tiri@tn irl
cryc3 ta I I i ne polymers. As is shown i n F ig. I re tc.i. (,,i I Y,-, tyr4@
itq n r i gin a l 1 on th s joon it ,j the !j r t h i n i, fl o r, I r; f I I
Y. @ r i s e I by o t. r e t c It i ri it n I the ri, t i- c. ', h eti t r. @,- i 1 -1 o f t t, it L ! e i; r i
tu r e 4 s I o -.N . I n t lie c a a e a f c ry s t a I I i tie 1) o I y me rn - h c),h ev e r t hi@ I.1, i e :-:; G -
nechanicul curve is more complicated and cannct L s-, c Ina ra f. e r i z e J by the
scftening temperature alone. Three section.9 wty be 11 s *6 1 n i- i , :, @. e @ I , r i M -_@ I y
the region below vitrification, the region of colrl fIc-A, :in'! ti.e r f- ; o ri
of melting. For these polymers the followine, crin be. Jptt!rn@ ned by t I i r m, C
meshanical investigation: aoftening temparatura of the p -1 r
melt ing temoerature of the crystalline part, anJ the temperatiir@ c f cf, I @j
flc"X. On the basio of thernomechanical rurvezq. the ! " e) 15
11 @ , 77, .
cf elymers of the same type may be compzir;iJ 13) -A Y
under the influence @f expcr',mentil Dr-1-
,:Use .91 amcrphous polymers. There are P, fif_7ure.@ ref,@r,@-r.-es:
2 British. and I French.
ASSOCIATIO11 I n.9 t i t u t v y a o k o m o 1 e k u 1 y a r n ylk h , o y I i r, en i y
Of High-moloculur Comiwunij-( f tl@v
SUBIMITTED: February 4, 1960
Card 212

sliai/60/002/007/005/042
B:jo6/BO70
AUTHORS; Aero. E. L.I. Kuvshinskiy, Ye.__V.
TITLE: The Fundamental Equations of the Lfoory of El ast i t:@,o f
Media With Rotational Interaction (if Particles
PERIODICAL; Fizika tverdogo tela, 1960, Vol. 2, No. 7P pp, 139')-1409
TEXT: The clausical theory, which in based on thit ansumption of central
forces acting between the molecules, in not able -:o de!3cribe many
phenomena, for example, the propagation of short saves of sound. In order
to be able to explain certain anomalies in the dy-amic elasticity of
plastics, the authors have developed a phenomenol:-gical theory of
elasticity of complicated media, taking into acco-;@nt the rotatiural
interaction of particles. In this theory. the par--.iQles are regaided
not as points, but as extended objects whose diatance from each cther
is equal to their diameter. The action of the par-;icles on one aiiother
is described by a system of forces and moments. A:.-cordinE; to the
schematic diagram of Fig. 1 , equations for the eq.tilibrium of fo:-ces are
Card 1/3

The Fundamental Equations of the Theory of' Ii/iol/60/002/007/305/042
Elantii@.ity of' Modia With Rotational Inter- bC36/B070
action of Particlea
got up, and the interaction of particles in contact with one another is
investigated. The motion of a part of the medium en::losed by a surface
is investigated, the equation of motion is Bet up, Lnd expressions for
the asymmetric stress tensor dikf (Fig. 2), and th(3 micromonent tongor
1'ik are discussed. Later, the deformation energy W :tf an el@_,ment of the
medium is investigated by taking into account the v-Aume- and surface
forces and moments. Equations (13) - (16) give intpi:-ral equations fcr W.
The deformation energy per LLnit volume is finally g,ven by
dL (59 + dev Ilikdrik' Since, drik is a deviatcr (drii-0)
ikdeik /C-
dr is the symmetric part of the tenser Oik,
Pikdrik=- dev ;lik IM clik #lik
Ls the "Pure" deformation tensor of the classical t@eory, The properties
of the tensor rik are investigated, and it !a designated as the 11tenior
of small torsion and bending". The authors then inve-3tigatp "he elastic
potential and Hooke's law for an isotropic oubotance of a constant mass,
Card 2/3

The Fundamental Equations of the Theory of S/'181/60/002/007//00',/042
Elasticity of Media With Rotational Inter- B006/BO70
action of Particles
in which the interaction of particles leadu to, die-.ribution of forceE
and moments on the surface. For the potential, formula (35) is found,
eik and rik being given by (33a) and (33b). A generalization of the
equation of motion is then given, the relation between the componentE Of
the deformation tensor are studied, and it is shown that the same
relations hold between the components of e ik and rik tensors (identity
theorem of Saint Venant). There are 2 figures and 7 references: 3 Swiet,
2 French, and I Indian.
V/C/
ASSOCIATION: Institut vysokomolekulyarnykh soyedineniy AN SSSR
Leningrad (Institute of High-molecular Compounds of t@e
AS USSR, Leningra
SUBMITTED: December 3, 1959
Card 3/3

s119016010021010100BY026
BG04/B054
AUTHORS: Vershininti, M. P., Ku v sh in a kYe. V.
TITLE: Study of the Mechanical Destruction of Polymethyl Vethacry-
late and Polystyrene on the Basis of Ch,,-ino,-ing I,'.:)Ie:ul,,ir
Weight
PERIODICAL: Vysokomolekulyarnyye soyelineniyn, 1963, Vol. 2, ".). 10,
PP. 1466-1493
TE'XT: The reduction of the molecular weight of polymers in mecha-lical
crushing observed by various investigators induced the authors to carry
out the following experiments: Chips were cut off on a turning lathe from
rods of polymethyl methacrylate with a.mo@ecular -heig',t determinel vis-
6
cosimetrically in benzene between 0.58 10 and 8.4-10 , of polyst,trene
with a molecular weight between 0.14-106 and 1.4-106. The thickneis of
chips was varied between 3 and 75 P, the turning spee-3 between 1.') and
70 cm/sec. The intrinsic viscosity 111cu, tof the chips was deternined
as . I I
a function of the initial intrinsic viscosity fqj,nit (.Fit7. 11. The
higher the initial molecular welght of the polymer, ani the thinner the
lard 113

Study of the Mechanical Destruction of -1/190/6C)/032//010/008,'026
Polymethyl Methacrylate and ?olyatyrene BOO 4/BO c4
on the Basis of Changing Molecular Weight
chips, the more hicutt decreased. This effect is @iscussel as a :onse-
quence of the destruction on the surfacen newl,-, formeJ during cutting
(Fig. 2); a "destruction depth" g = (A[jYffl)-h, -Ahere h is the t-,ick
ness of the chips. Fig. 3 shows the function g . pj(h) which is no; linear.
Further, the authors experimentally determined g/h L[J]MLas a *"unction
of the cutting speed v (Fig. 4), and the funct ion g fj h77) (Fi,@- 5).
The latter yielded a family of curves with linear initial sectionj having
the same tangent. The authors therefore assume diffusion processe3. They
tried to find a universal curve g1h - f(Y-1/@v@h . The destruction d!pth
should be determined by the diffusion coefficient D. Fig. 6 shows that no
universal curve but another family of curves was obtained. The value of
D was found to be jo-4 CM2 /sec which does nP a5ree either with the
order of magnitude of the gas diffusion (10- CM Isec or with thit of the
temperature coefficient of heat conluctivitj (10-@ cm@/sec). Thus, the
destruction processes do not only depenfl on the rupture of chemicil bonJs
on the cut surface, but they enter Jeeper layers of the =@terial, develop
with time, and are limited by factors ahich are not yet known. Th@re are
6 figures and 10 references: 16 Soviet EirA 4 IJ-;-
4
Card 21,1

Study of the Mechanical Destruction of S/190/60/002/010/00@/026
Polymethyl Methacrylate and Polystyrene B004/BO54
on the Basis of Changing Molecular Weight
ASSOCIATION: Inotitut vysokomolektilyarnykli noyedineniy j%N SF;SR
(Institute of Ifigh-moleclilar Compoun-Is of the AS USSR)
SUBMITTED: April 21, 1960
Card 3/3

3/122/ ',1`000
A161/AO29
AUTHORS: Bessonov, M.I., Engineer; .,Zakharov, Engineer; hlpakl Yj-
Ye.V., Doctor of Physicsatid Mathematics
TITLE: Experience in Determining the Mechanical Properties of Plastics in
Microspecimens V/
PERIOMML: Vestnik washlnostroyenlya, 1960, No. 7, pp. 41 - 45
TEXT% A new mechanical test system for plastics, requiring specimens of
only 30 to 50 9 (100 times less than In 'the existing test methods), has been de-
veloped by Institut vysokomolekulyamykh soyedineniy AN SSSR k1ligh-Mol cular Com-
pounds Institute of the AS USSR) in cooperation with industrial InstitUtes. The
test system includes tests for softening temperature, specific impact resistance
and tension, and, for specific cases, for creep and long-time strength (Ref. 2).
The specimens are disks of 10 mm In diameter and 4 or 2 mm thick, loxPA4 and 15x
IOA mm plates, and. two-lateral blades of 15 to 35 mm long, up to 4-mm wide and
with 8 mm transition radil.. The softening point In determined In an WPIJ (IFP)
apparatus (Fig. 1) developed by A.P. Aleksandrov and Yu.S. Lazurkin ani built in
the workshops of Institut fizicheskikh problem AN SSSR (Institute of Pnysical
Card 1/3

S/'122/6[j/(-,GO/(07/
A161/AO2',)
Experience In Determining the Mechanical Proper-ties of Plastics in Microsi.ectmens
Problems of tho AS USSR). The apparatop cc,nsist.9 ci' a copper tray wi!@ olg)it
cavities for specimens, a heater placed between the 'ray and the asbeglos ro%er,
a resistance thermometer of 0.1 mm nickel wire wound on mica, an asbes'.os-lined
hood and a support with dial Indicator. The thermostatic system is 11,-Ustrated
by a diagram (Fig. lb The te,3t consists In determining, the penetratlon Ie-pth
of a needle (Fig. 2). The curve shape, as In thin graph. ahow!j the difference
between a "linear" plastic, like organic glass, and "three-dimensional", like eb-
onite and escapon. The softening point Is easily found for 'the "lineax" plastics,
only approximately for "loosely joined" (escapon) and not at all for "firmly
joined". The "IFP- test takes 4 - 8 h, Impact resistance Is tested with a "Din-
stat" pendulum frame described in a French source (Ref, 4) on a plate tpectmen;
the tension test machine is shown in a diagram (Fig- 4) and is used for finding
the normal. modulus of elasticity, relative elongation In rupture, etc. As is
kPown, the mechanical characteristics of plastic-, very considerably de@end on the
speed with which the load is applied, and on temperature, but there if yet no
industrial machinery for -determining such characterlst.Ics on "m1crospecimens" and
the described special machine (Fig. 4) had to be built. Detailed desiqn descrip-
Card 2/3

3/122/60/00/007/005/0 11
A161/AO29
Experience In Determining the Mechanical Propertien of Plastics in Micrcspectmens
tion Is given. FiKUL'e 4b shows pickups of the machIne conn.@-:*ed Intf., a tr1rige
fed from a '13f"-10" (ZO-10) sound generator by 6 volt cur:-en'. wltfi a '),Vo cycles
frequency. The bridge unbalance is proportional to the applied load WX In am-
plified. The applied force ranges are 0 -- 5 kg, 1!> - 30 kg &nd rj) - 20(- kg, the
accuracy is within 1% or the limit load; the t1jermostatic and @,ryostat:c systF@m
makes possible te3ts In a temperature range between -120 and 42r.-OOC. rl.e elonga-
tion diagram Is recorded on tape. As can t@e seen In two graphs (Fig. 6,/where
assl' d ebcn-
the results of tests with normal and "micro"-specimens on or anl@_Zjl an
ite are compared, 1@he microspecimens" show practl,.ally tne same resulu. It Is
mentioned -that the new test system ls.analogous tc, the tests described In Refer-
ence 1. The tests are In use since 1954, There are 6 f1gures and 5 references.
2 Scvlet, 2 English and I French.
Card 3/3

1'5 (5), 26
AUTHORS 1 13 010/ B
Zukharov, S. K., jidorovi,@h, A.-77-
TI T L t; Anowero to the Inquirt A',o,i', tio,
azi,i I,'-echanical llropertieii r)@'
I
Pji,'RIODICALi Zavodakaya laboratoriya, 19CO, V(- I
AB?'TRACT z The t(jzt nethod aril the
renomnunded fcr th-j.
In the inf; titiitu o i' I,h ,i t
namples werc ca r r i n d r, t- titC
munded. ror &.-terri.ini.-., fAi,. '1-1 1
plaotica zLnrl tho,-J;.-
facto have to bc,. I
ture upon a Certai 11 pi-uj)'@ I ty 1!@t
terinticL; Of only thi.@
L I
ovur, Jifforencoo of t.
vwIti""Ilted, thu
G@.ted within a wide
Card 1 /2 Tru-nuile strongth (IIIVIII@'

Airi-mrs to tile Inquir-j ALcut the Twit Llr 0 ""o C@
thf., I )1Y S i CCL I 111d 1 P VC 1)01' ' i e,; (If' I'I T i'tlI
dotQrmincd at a sir,,-,Ie
lowl ratc.) which C:tt'.
the durability antl
dctermInin,,, thL
of tempe rature uf ;.u:n 1 1.
rixed and not of the i@ e
purpose of usabill ty n f f,@ i, L)Ikt.
the determination tcchnilut. i-.-u- 1
apparatus for detez7mim-Tyj@ L.
(Martens, Vick) : ,, , -, @-.:; :.
tuted by new and mo,lcnii ii,. -*J U
metholil of the denrity
and univerral method of .,Ii tt- -a I 11 -
zation. There are C ri-..i r i tl,-,e f @A@ :tl-
ASjOCIATIOUs Inutitut AN
(Inutitute of lli@@h C A',
Card 2/2

28 (4) S/032/60/026/cl/033/052
AUTHORS: Sidorovich, A. V., Kuvahinakiy, Ye. V. B010/Boo6
TITLE: Apparatus for Thermomechanical Investigation of Polimeril by
the Method of Monoaxial Elongation
PERIODICAL: Zavodakaya laboratoriya, 1960, Vol 26, Nr 1, pp 100 - 102 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: An apparatus (Fig 1) was designed for testing thin uniformly
heated plastic samples under uniform stress (at monoax1al elonga-
tion). A temperature range of -150 to +2700 at heating- and cool-
ing rates of 2 to 60OC/hr, loads of 20 g to 3 kg, and 3ample
elongations of 0-50 mm can be applied in the test. Sam;)le strips
having a test length of 50 mm, a width of 2-5 mm and a thickness
of 0-05 - 0-5 mm are tested. The apparatus contains a levice for
uniform sample elongation by means of an electric deformation
@19
primary element, a thermostating unit, to control heat-.* *ng and
cooling rates, and a unit for recording sample deforma,-.ion and
temperature. At the one end, the sample is clamped to it fixed
holder, and at the other to a holder attached to a wir4i rope.
The horizontal wire is guided over a pulley, the pan w*.th the
weights being attached to the depending end. The pulley has a
Card 1/2 scale# and is axially firmly attached to a disk. The latter is

Apparatus for Thermomechanical Investigation of S/03 60/026/01/)33/052
Polymers by the Method of Yonoaxial Elongation B01OYBOO6
adjusted as rheochord primary element of sample deformition. The
sample itself is placed in a horizontal cylindrical chimber
which can be heated by a heating element or cooled by liquid
nitrogen. The heating element is fed by an autotransformer of
the type LATR-1 and the nitrogen is circulated bya UYT pump.
Commutation of the current in the heating element and switching-
on of the pump are effected by means of an electronic EPV-01 71
potentiometer Furthermore, an RSP rheostat, SD-2Alectric
mot-or, KVT-6 otentiometer, LS-12'rectifier, PP potentiometer,
and an 1-4-94 VImicroammeter are used. The circuit scheme applied
to recor sa@mple deformation and temperature is illustrated
(Fig 2). Thermomechanical curves for crystalline polyethylene
terephthalate obtained by means of the apparatus desexibed above
by applyinq various loads and a temperature increase cf 0.90C/min
are given (Fig 3). There are 3 figures.
ASSOCIATION: Institut vysokomolekulyarnykh soyedineniy Akademii nallk SSSR
(Institute of High-molecular Compounds of the Academy of
Sciences, USSR)
Card 2/2

3/0 3 2/@, @,'O 2 6 //0 12 /0 18/0 3 6
3020/K-6
AUTHORS: tessonov, M. I., Vaahchenko, V. S., and Kuvehinakiy a.".
IMWW"WMW
TITLE: Determination of the Surface Cracking Resistance of
Transparent Plastic Materials on Wedge-ehaped Sasplea
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya laboratoriya, 1960, Vol. 26, No. 12,
pp. 1390-1391
TEXT: The surface cracking resistance may be characterized by aeane of the
tensile stress, at which the first visible cracks occur within a given time
interval after application of load, or by determining the surface under
stress in the case of a pure banding teat, at which the first cracks occur.
A further possibility is offered by the occurrence of cracks on the surface
of plastic materials sometimes after having been wetted with oreanic liquids
For being able to judge the surface cracking reaistancep these nethods are,
however, unsuited. V. R. Regell (Ref. 7) suggests the curve v, ; f(c), i.0,
the determination of the time interval T from the instant o tress being
applied to the sample up to the occurrenaS of the first cracks i.s a func-
tion of the tensile stress a for the purpose of characterizing 1he surface
Card 1/3

Determination of the Surface Cracking S/032/60/026/012/Olt;/036
Resistance of Transparent Plastic Materials B020/BO56
on Wedgo-ohaped Samplos
cracking resistance of plastic materials. In the present paper, i% is also
suggested to characterize surface cracking resistance by means of the rela-
tion To . f(c), where the sample has the shape of a truncated wedge. The
cracks at first occur in the narrow sections of the sample, and only later
on the broader sections. A cracking front forms, which gradually ohifts
from the narrower to the broader sections of the sample. The vidth of the
sample at the place of the "front" is periodically measured, the -;ime since
the beginning of the stress is noted, and from the thickneag of the sample
and the tensile force, the tensile stress corresponding to 1 0 is oalculat-
ed. The wedge-shaped samples (gig. 1) were sawed with a circular iiaw. The
ang,le of the wedge was about 5 , the maximum width of the sample iiaB
0-9 mm, Lind itu minimum width 3 to 3.5 aim. The thickness of the sampled
was 1-4 mm, and their full length 55-60 mm. Before the experiment.j were
made, the samples were heated to a temperature, which was higher by
10 - 20 0 than the fusion point of the given material. In the case of the
shape of the samples selected, the stress dropped from the minimun to the
ma,cimum section to aboutthe half of its former amount. The reaulta obtained
Card 2/3

Determination of the Surface Cracking .
Resistance of Transparent Plastic Materli-.Is 13 0 20.
on Wedge-shaped Samples
by wedge-shaped and ordinary samples were in
the purpose of calculating the relation io .
@nd in the second case 11 samples were used.
investigation, using a test cell, wao in the
second case about 18 hours. There are 2 fijru@ej
3 US, and 1 German.'
good agreemunt (Fig. 2). For
f(a), in the first case tuo,
The total time noodel for the
first caiie about 8, und in the
and 8 references: 4 Soviet,
ASSOC IAT ION: Institut vysokomolekulyarnykh uoyedineniy Akademii nauk SSSR
(Institute of Highmolecular CompounAs of the Acadeny of
Sciences USSR)
Card 5/3

BICSSONOV, M. I., insh. ; ZAKWOV. S. K.. inzh. ;. MS-HINSKIT. To. V., dc ktor
fiz.-matem.nauk
Using microspecimens for studying the mechanical properitat of
plastics. Vest.masho 40 no-7:41-45 Jl 160. (MIIA 13:7)
(Plastics--Testing)

s/w/61/003/001/038/042
B102/B204
AUTHORS: Antuflyev, V, Vol Votinov, M. Po, Kuvehinskiy, Ye. V., and
Savin, A. Go
TITLEt Investigation of the ageing processes of titanium-o)ntaining
ceramics by means of electron paramagnetic reeonanot
PERIODICAL: Fizika tvardogo tela, v. 3, no. 1, 1961, 286-288
TEXT: It was the purpose of the present paper to study the electrical
ageing of titanium-containing ceramics by means of electron paramE.gnotic
resonance (epr). The investigations were carried out with capaci,;or
ceramics (87% T102, 5% Zr02, 2% BaC03, 6% A1203, and 6% Sio paste, burned
in the usual manner@; the specimens had the shape of tubes @28 mm long,
wall thickness 1 mm) and were partly electrically aged (1600C, 70C v
constant voltage)o The aged specimens were denoted by Ka, and thcee lot
in their original shape, by Koo For the investigations, an epr radio-
spectrometer with h-f modulation (I Mc/sea) of the magnetic field wae
usedl the epr signal was recorded by a recorder in the form of the first
Card 1/4

S/181/61/003/001/C38/042
Investigation of the ageing processes ... B102/B204
derivative of the absorption curve. In the case of a fixed frequency of
the shf generator of 9300 Mo/sso, the field could be varied between 1000
and 4000 gauss. At 3000%j no difference could be found between the epr
spectra of Ko and Kai in both cases only 1 weak broad line (with 9=,.4.14)
van found. Therefore, all further experiments were carried out at T70K.
At this temperature, Xo showed a complex spectrum between 1000 and 4000
gauss; the spectrum of Ka was similar, but the lines with g= 1-97 and
1-93 were 1-5 times more intense, This part of the spectrum was mo-re
accurately investigated. During ageing, the concentration of
paramagnetic defects increased, and the electrical conductivity was
100-1000 times increased. An attempt is now made to find out why, Ln
spite of this considerable increase of conductivity, the intensily of
epr signals increased only 195 times- The opinion is widespread th,it
ageing of titanium ceramics is related to a reduction of titaniuml ihue,
Ko ceramics, which had been chemically reduced in different ways, wore
investigated. The degree of reduction was determined from the time for
which the specimens had been heated in CO at 9000C. After having bven
heated for 10 minutes in CO (KO-10), Ko had an epr spectrum which wE.9
Card 2/4
-1@4 51'TJ-7

S/181/61/003/001/C"8/042
Investigation of the ageing processes ... B102/B204
exactly the same as that of the original Ko. With further reducticn,
intensity and width of the line with 9':-.1.93 increased, the line with
9 =1.97 remained unchanged in contrast to the effect produced by
electric ageing. After 60 minutes of reduction (KO-60) the line with
gtO-93 was so broad that it overlapped that with g,=1.97. The
concentration of paramagnetic defects in Ko-60 was higher by 3 orders of
magnitude than in Kof Thus, in the case of chemical reduction, only the
concentration of 1 type of paramagnetic defects is increased, in
electric ageing, however, the concentration of 2. In the pure com;onents
of the ceramics, no eEr signal was found, not even (T102) in the case of
irradiation wit h 7.10 r y-radiation from Co6o. The authors thank 1. Ya.
Kunin for his collaboration, and I. D. Fridberg and K. Ye. Lisker for
placing the material at their disposal. There are 1 figure and 3
Soviet-bloo references.
Card 3/4

s/ial/61/003/001/036/042.
Investigation of the ageing processes... B102/B204
ASSOCIATION: Politekhnicheakiy Institut im. 14. 1. Kalinina (Polytechnic
Institute imeni M. I. Kalinin); Institut rjsokomolekulyarnykh -
soyedineniy AN SSSR Leningrad (Institute of High-molecular
Compounds, AS USSR, Leningrad)
SUBMITTED: July 21, 1960
Card 4/4

SHUROVICIII A.V. ;. UVAINAH, Tv.V.
i - - -- - I -
Characteristics of the thermal expansion of polyethylene te:@ephthalate.
Vysokom. ooed.3 no.W61-163 F 161. (MIRA 14:5) 1
1. Inatitut'vysokomolokulyarnykh soyedineniy All SSSR.
(terephthalic acid)
/0

89588
Cd r-O 0
AUTHORSt
TITLE:
3/190/61/003/002/001;/012
B101/B215
Layus, L. A., Kuvahinakiy, Ye. V.
Effect of the molecular weight on the strength of
oriented amorphous polymers
PERIODICALs Vyaokomolekulyarnyyo noyedineniya, v. 3, no. 2, 1961,
215 - 222
TEM It was the purpose of the present work to study the effect of the
molecular weight of criented polymers on their strength in that range of
molecular weights in which the strength of isotropic polymers is i1o longer
affected. Stressetrain curves of oriented polymers also had to b@y plotted.
Pol vinyl acetate (PVA)g polymethyl methacrylate (PMUA), and pOly3tyrene
(Ps@ were used for the experiments. From the solutions of these Dolymers
films were deposited on glass plates and then dried in the vacuum for
3 - 4 days; the temperature was gradually increased up to 900C f3r PVA
and 1500C for PS and PMMk. The molecular weights were viscosimetrically
determined. The softening temperature was determined by plotting the
Card 1/7

89588
S/190/61/003/002/006/012
Effect of the molecular weight .... B101/B215
thermomechanical curves. Strips of 4 mm width and 10 mm length of 100 -
- 15Nk films were subjected to preparatory drawing at increased tempera-
tures. The ratio A between elongated specimen and initial length was bet-
ween 2 and a maximum of 200 - 300 for PVA, and 15 - 16 for PMMA. After
drawing the strips had a thickness of 10 - 15 and 50 - 60@L , wkich was
optically determined with =14)8-1 (IZV-1) apparatus; their width amoun-
tea to 0.6 - 2.5 mm. The stress-strain diagram wa8 taken of a 10 mm strip
of specimens thus treated. A table gives the data of the specia.ena
studied, and the experimental conditions. Fig. 2 shows the strtse-strain
diagram of PVA which consists of three sectionsta steep first scetion M,
~ flat central section (II) in which maxima may occur for PVA and PS, and
~ steep terminal section (III) leading to the break. The shape of the
curve depends on the elongation X. PWLA and PS showed the same behavior.
The upper part of Fig. 5a shows the breaking stress 6 b (aP in the Fig.),
and the lower part shows the breaking elongation E b (EP in the Fig.) as
functions of preparatory drawing A. Fig. 6 gives the tensile strength of
isotropic and oriented polymers as a function of the molecular -veight.
Card 2/7

3/19 61/003/002/0)6/012
Effect of the molecular weight B101%215
Hence, a dependence of tensile strength on the molecular weight which does
not exist in isotropic polymers was found in pol era oriented by drawingt
E. 1. Barg (Dokl. A11 SSSRr 84, 257, 1952, Ref. 5@m, A. V. Stqpanov (Zh. eks.
i teor. fiziki, jj, 973, 1949, Ref. 14), and P. P. Kobeko (Amorfnyye
veshchostva, Izd. AN SSSRI 1952 str. 234 (Amorphous Substances, Publishing
House of the AS USSR, 1952, p. 234) Ref- 15) are mentioned.
There are 6 figures, 1 table, and 15 references: 10 Soviet-bloc and 5 non-
Soviet.- bloc. The 4 references to English language publications read as
fOllOV731 W. H. Carbthers, F. J. Natta, J. Amer. Chem. Soc-t 5-@, 4714r.
1933; A. M. Sookne, M. Harris, Industr. and Engng. Chem. )1, 4-8, 19451
Sh. T'achikava, Rayon a. Synthetic Textiles, 32, no. 3, 31, 43, 19511 )2,
no. 7, 32, 42, 1951; P. Y. Flory, J. Polymer Sci., 11, 37, 1953
A3SOCIATION: Institut vysokomolekulyarnykh soyedinenly AN SSSR
(Institute of High Molecular Compounds of AS USSR)
SUBMITTEDs June 16, 1960
Card 3/7

51190161100310021CO61012
Effect of the molecular weight ... B101/B215
XapaerrepucTfflra 3[CXOABUX 00,7NMePON. Yeaornx KX JIM-
vapilTe-Ibnod ouTnwxn x pexwx irenuTanxil
Table: Properties of the ini-
tial polymers, conditions of TtuntpsTypt ToAtiepwTypi C"Poe"' Ropwrb POO.
X0.1. Ilp" pml@. TnWrRX" are-
their preparatory drawing, and sm Xv.01 T T ItO2 su'rAwlix
P. 'a. Zcen.
experimental conditions. T,. 'C P. Y600-
L e E;e-nd t 1) Molecular weight, 0
MV. 106; 2) softening tempera-
ture; 3) temperature of pro-
paratory drawing; 4) rate of
preparatory drawing, %/secl
5) rate of stretching of ori-
ented specimens, % see)
PVAI b) PSI c@ MIA
Card 4/7

11
0 45 0 70 2,55 0,53
0:25 46:7
1 70 2,55 0.55
45
0, 40,5 70 2,55 1 0.55
@D nOnffCTJtVOJq
0 10 100 120 2
55 0.14
0 58
: lot 120 2 55
: 0.14
0
88 92 it() 2 55 034
1:00 102 11110 2:55 0,14
Ct)1l0;1 NXOTHJ1UeT2 K plf.'IaT
0 CZ 124 170 00
10 0.14
0:65 t21 170 2 55
: 0. tA
1,30 122 t70 10, COO 0.14
1.30 122 170 2,45 0.14
2.70 114 170 to.00 0,14
2,70 t1A 170 2,55 O't4

Effect of the molecular weight ...
Fig. 2. Stress-strain curves
of oriented PVA.
Legend: a) Soiid curve:
Mv - 0.450010 dashed curve:
MV - 0.25*10'1 Mv - 0.15-10
The numbers in the curves give
the degree of preparatory
drawing.
Card 5/7
61relCM2
3000
ZOM
S1190AM103100210061012
B101/B215
so 6

ol

IUU IOU
Fil-L

Effect of the molecular weight
Fig. 5a. 6 b land Cbas
functions of preparatory drawing
for FVA. 6'
Legend. 1) Mv -0-15'10
2) Mv M 0.25*106
3) Mv - 0-45-10
Card 6/7
89588
S/19 611003100210061012
BlOIYB215
6p,
-
Z&V
OXON
;a

S1190161100310021CO61012
Effec-t of the molecular weight B101/B215
Fig. 6. Tensile strengths of
polymers ae functions of their
molecular weightB.
Lagendt ) and 2 PVA;
3) and 4)1 PSj fl and 6) PMMk;
a) oriented; i9otropic.'
O'P 9/cm
ZOOZ
A4
11 41
I-,'
t 5
Card 7/7

BESSONOV, M.I.; KUVSIIINSKIY,__@e..V.
Kinetics of the grovth of Railver" cracks in transparent solid Folymers.
Fiz.tver.tela 3 no*5:1314-1323 Vq 161- (iam 14:6)
1. InBtitut vysokomolekulyarny" soyedineniy AN SSSR, Leningrad.
(PolymerB)

;I CI 1. 2
C
S11811611003@0
01D
22D 3 31021D201
AUT EM it S - Bessonov, 14. 1. and Yuvshinskiy, Ye. V.
"'TITLE: Characteristic features in the d ev e I c.-.ent of
crack*s in solid polymerz
FaZRICDICAL: Fizika tverdogo tela, v. 3, no. 2, 1@'61 , 6o,7_6ic
'A:,XC-: A study has been made of the nicrcqcojAc growth and the str-.;c-.;re cf
(polym metnacr.:IatE d-
des'ructive cracks in an organic Llas3 methyl
butyl phthalate). The authors worked by the method of Control-I'd dlestr,@;C-
tion, where a single destructive crack forms by a slow and '!a+ develo ."aent
@,he experiment is graphically represented in Fig. 1. The sreci::en
were 50 X 20 X 4 =3- A microsco'pe with larCe focal !---+I- was u.3ed for the
observations made at room temperature in the direction denoted 'iy I. 7@,. 0
Groups of interference frinGes were observed near tl@e tip of th,,, crack,
during observations in the reflected light: a @;roup of ver-, , diltinct narrow
frinGe3 on the tip of the crack, and a group of broad blurred f7inges be-
hind these (this is not observable in the trarismitted 1'r-ht)
ad with it, w.. - :,r the crack
Grows, the narrow fringes move ahe t h ou t c h a ri g --' n i: th e i _- 3 ha pe
Card 1/2

I-L
@t.) `42
S/18 61/003/Cn.2/O,-C/09'rv
'I i C@
Characteristic featum in ... V1201
The broad fringes change their shape and shift, the 31it surface 1.4splays a
reddish coloring (in the reflected llcht) which, however, disap@earo on
heatinG. Results are compared with those of a previou!i @Ref - 7: 7 T"'
1, 1441, 1959) in which the authors studied the f3tructure and th@ growth
cracl'3 formed in "silver" by the impres.9ion of transparent solid polymer
into the latter. There are 3 figures and 9 re-lrerenneq: 5 and
3 non-Soviet-bloc.
ASSOCIATION: Institut vysokomolekulyarnykh soyedlneniy U; SSSR LenirE;ral
(Institute of Hi6h-molecular Compounds AS USS2, lenin,-,rad)
SU3,'-'I1.T:M: July 2, 1960 4
Fig. 1
Card 2/2

1021E104
U'r H c R's 1, 1 e v , G . A -. a n d K u vs h 1 no k i v , Y,,@
T 1 T L Structural charact-ri:@tic.-, )f tfo@ 11:;ilver" in roi
u@ethyl methacrylate films,
PER"O'll Fizjka tverdogo telti, v .,, no
The struf-ture of the so-called "silver" cracks which form in the
deformation of polymethyl methn('rylate ,ind volyvinyl ti-etate @A t(mper@,tur(,-I;
below the vitri fication point Wus ,,,tudi.ed vvith th" @..ici of th,@
M@@/ ! (",KU - 1 Tt 'NIS shown thut the@;e ",.trongrly Iii.,-nt-scattering (@racvo are
fil!i?d witf) polymor nubstiincv;i shotit, nature, w,,k@,, For the production
of these cracks various filmo w4@re "long.Ated ;it of 11:1 to
Subsequently, microphotograpl,s @,-re takt,,n ir tran.,;mitted, :ind
obliquely reflected light. The nuthcrs ilso mrvi@_- intirference ,icture.3 with
1901-1ill'!11-1) interference MiCrO.BCOT)f@_ It -A;:is fourA tht 20-"C-,,i@ @eep nnd
about 10-P wide curioil'crm cvack@,-, fhich vk,@
flllc@l with porous polyjn,?r who!@e uptio@il propertic;! difft_,r4,-d
from the oriwinal pro,ertien- Th(, in th,@ A.c;&ijd v@ry fine
Carol 1/2

S 'I'l /61
-it ructural chara-@ ter i it ic.,i of
B 1 02,/B 104
tr,insver@ie cracks connecting the edges of the -m-cr, cr%ck
ments -Nith treatment at different temper%tures (up to
obviously due to the hei,t the "silver" filline, the critcks shr,.nks
(,compression). TLP cracks did not dis%ppear upon, he%t tre@,tment
defornation of the films. This could be easily achi@-v4-d by at
:00M @ernpor,,_iture ,@Ithough the cracks remained ur.,it.r the -Acros@!ore.
Ther.-.- are 6 figures and (i references; 4 Soviet :-nd 2 non-Soviet. The
latter read as follows: B, Maxvell, L Rahm. Ind. E'n,- C K @_, m I ? A. P,
1r.,219 C_ Psiao, J. Sau@:r. J, Appl. Phys. 21, 1071, 111150,
ASSO(, 1.@@ TION: Tns ti tu t vynokomol okulyarnykh sop.md i r,ri AN SS'R L-ningrad
(Inntitute of Hi@,h-molecular COMC)OLInds AS U S S RL-n:
SUPM Llrlr;.:I): Apri 1 10,

.2 '01
1. (@o ID
a
Q1
-7 0
.j.
c
@j
10, f
A r
d
10
rat
r'j
29740
!()C) I

T@ C
p, e r e 2,
c a
i
-
The t 7

thread
2

0 F 2 ) K
C, f 13 @ @; ( I'
f j 0 0
F013
)nl@
l
t e rang
@ -31
"c-1
kw
,
sm
i
3
m

Tl @j t I c
b
@
,
@
r n d. 1 on

U
f on

f

29740 ,
s/i go,16,, /oct.@,,o - j'O "0
T'---rmomechanical prop(-:@rties Bi ,0/3101
do not coincide at low teinperat,-ir@-, t:; they ?!-i at, hiwh
S,impllitq cbtfiinf-d in n,,jrro-,,i fractloi,,t',
1110i Oot,! O*--welgia @Jia) anti noil,lusn-rsion Aepori;itinc-3
f o:@ I-e r t I The UN w-@-re mi,-:@ns of'
.bc--jtor,, of V. N. Tsvetkov ii,. th- IVS AN SSSR
m@o 4 2.
.10 and C.') vil 2 ke/':,in hc! fc.
@7,
t ::,n :3 correoponclinE to the sta-rt of I I r.
(e V 12',OC); (2) only it h, 1@
( 7) there i - n o e 3 9 n t al d i f f - r b- -7,
150 dild 170'C; \3
iorifr,artirnated polymers and ther fruct,.on@ ..,e r@su:*S c*---.-..,.
-:-p-lrid-l to thosr, obtained by V A Karg"i. T@ 1,
r r@@
k i in i 1 5 30, 19 49) 31 nc af t.*- r th.7,
'Lit) riv - unlou,lillw - hi,al-ing tih- @nl I -s,ig ro t
lii@@hly -Iuotic and the rrinal-expan.9 i oil i f o z-:.-, a t.i on@ 0 1.- x 1 .3 t I
f[70 = , 2
c@ f D 1 y s ty rene 4 in benzor@,%-) th 0- ": anI 2) ki-j'cz- A7 I
rt-@atirig rate also ,rolica'@- ii` of f1cx-
is foct4-1 %Clui.-Ilt',
curv, f
mtdr!r ordinary t e ri t,, 1, t. *1 1 o r,, L, 7 rk-

BIC'
Art,.vilrir d.,fint t,,ori fl
Ei p
;,.I S54.
I ym@! ro i 5 1 c nqb I L 51 cr. --4 1
Ye y K
and P P KObek@.
17
Ill @'n
ASSOCIATION: Inat,.tut vyankom,-
C S T,, 3 3 R
of H@.gh m -,c i n
YJ B II IT TD C.

I o 1 /61/00 3/011/03 5/056
BIOB/B138
AUTHORS: Sidorovich, Ye. A., Kuvehinakly, Ye. V.
-------------
TITLE: Shook compression of rubbers
PERIODICAL: Fizika tverdogo tela, v. 3, no. 11, 1961, 3487-3494
TEXT: Some time ago, the authors developed a KC (KS) pendulum type
elastometer (ZhTF, 16, 4, 877, 1956). With this device strain data can be
obtained from cylindrical rubber specimens and compared with theoreiical
results. The shock-atreas signals as picked up by a piezo-quartz
dynamometer (L. A. Layus. VINTI, Peredov. nauchno-tekhn.i*proizv. opyt,
t. 32, 1958) are fed into an )Iio-l (ENO-1) oscilloscope. The force during
the impact time is
F,= VW (oe-"rl sin (w.1 - 2?),
sin, lp
Fir = VOU wxe-4m'sin (taxt (2)
rennectively for a Kelvin-Voigt and for a Maxwellian model (subscrt?te K
Card 1/3

-/181/61/003/011/035/056
Shock compression of rubbers P108/B138
and 114, respectively) . V0 denotes the -nendulum velocity at the beginning
of the impact, M the pendulum mass, the,-Is are the natural frequencies of
the penduln. The experiments showed that the Max%,,ellian rather than tie
Kelvin model is applicable to shock deformation of rubbers. The force
during the impact In a monotonic function of' time ani with no sudden rise
at the beginninp of impact. Resilience Y,as found to be independent of the
nize of the specimen. Accordinp, to the 1,',axrellian theory its logarith:a is
directly proportional to the Impact tImP. i'he experiments showed,
however, that resilience either does not chanpe at all or rises slightly
.;ith decreasing Impact time. This study led to the conclusion that In
general the Maxytellian model is applicable althoufrh It cannot be used .' 'or
an accurate prediction of frequency course. The Kelvin model holds trite
only for substances with a high resilience, i.e., having lon mechanicaL
losses. There are 4 figures, 1 table, and 4 references: 3 Soviet and
1 non-Soviet. The three references to English-languaire publications riad
as follows: L. Mullins, 1. R. I. Trans., 22, 235, 19471 Rubb. Chem.
Technol., 20, 998, 19471 Ye. V. Kubshinskiy, Ye. A. Sidorovich..Rubb. -"hem.
Technol., 32, 3, 662, 1959.
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1-1/ @8 1/61/003/011/035/056
Shock oompression of rubbers 3100/B138
ASSOCIATION: Vaesoy-uznyy nauchno-lesledoval-4.' @,k_j inatitut Dinteticheakcgo,
kauchuka im. S, V. Labedeva (All-Union Scientific
Research Institute of Synthe-..c if.@,ner imen! S. V. Lebtdev,
Leningrad)
SUBMTTTED; June 23, 1961
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Go
2 96-1:9
S/12o/6i/ouo/oo4/O31/O34
E1911/E355
AUTHORS:,, Volodin, V.P., Kabin, S.P@ and huvshinskiy, Ye,V.
TITLE- Measurement of the dynamic mechanical properti@s
of rubber in the frequency ran@;p froi-.i O@01 to
4 000 c,p.s.
PERIODICAL. Pribory i t ekliniha eksperiment a, no. 14 , 1961,
P. 179
TEXT, A previous work (Ref. I - this journal, 1957,
No. 5, 86) described equipment for determining the dynamic
mechanical properties of rubber in the frequency range of
loo to 4 Ooo c.p.,s. It was shown that, in principle, the
apparatus could be used for loi.,or frequencies and this lins now
been done. Measurements of the shear modulus and tangent of
mechanical loss angle can now also be made in the frequency
range of 0.01 to 100 c,p,,s. The output of an ultralow-
frequency generator is amplified and applied through a resistance
to the coil of a vibrator, A peak voltmeter is used to nonsure
the voltage drop across the resistance which is proportional
to the stress applied to the specimen It al-go measures the
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S/120/61/000/00!1/031/C34
Measurement of El 911 / E3 5 5
alternating component of the output voltage from a capacitantive
pick-up which is proportional to the displacemwit of the
specimen, A phasemeter is used to metrinure the
between the voltage corresponding to stress and that corres-
ponding to strain. Measurements can be made in the temperEture
range -30 to +60 OC,, Test results are quoted for shear modulus
and tangent of mechanical loBs angle as functions of frequency
at a temperature of 15 OC for C.@,b (SKB) base rubber Thus
at a frequency of 0,01 c.p.s.. the shear modulus is
2,6 x io6 dynes/cm2 and tan 6 0,,17,, GAt a freqj4ciicy of 1CO c p .9.
the corresponding figures are 4 x 10 dynes/cm and
tan 6 = 0,,3 C.P-s-
There are 2 figures and I Soviet-bloc roferetice,
ASSOCIATION: Leningradskiy politeldinichoskiy ijustitut
(Leningrad Polytechnical Institute)
SUBMITTED-, November 17., 1960
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22334
S/1 91/6 1/003/005/'00? 00"
711 0 5 1 IS 72- 3124/32 18
AUT*-.ORS: Bessonov, M. I., Kuvshinskiy, Ye. V@
TITLE- The relationship between de:-tructicn, deformation, nnd
crackin- of solid amorphous polymers
PERIODICAL: Plasticheskiye massy, no. 5, 1961, 57-65
TEXT: The principal results of studies performed in recent years on t',,e
relation betheen the destruction of solid amornhous volymers and 'heir
creep and cracking are presented. The relationship betv;een tempo:,ary
dependences of the strength of solid amorphous polymers and their creep
is first dealt with (Fig. 1). The common exponentinl relation be -Aeen
life and stresi of the type -r -Ae-10 holds only for acetyl Cell'.11)13e in
the %hole range of temperatures and stresses concerned. In every test,
the creel) curve was determined until the specimen cracked. Fiw_ ? shows
the creeo curve of acetyl cellulose (AC) in the coordinates E and log -r.
At any stress, creep curves of AC must be S-shaped. In general, the creep
curve of the polymer in the coordinates E lo@7 T must be This is
En indication of the complictAel time dependence of the rate of creep
Card 1/-q@ @

22334
3/1 gilt" iiloc)01100@@/00 ?/007
The relationship between destruction... B124/?218
deformation accumulation. Experimentally, the depen,Jence of log -T on
1, , 40 , and 6 , at 60CIC, for a copolymer
lo- (1/v) for ebonite at 20 '0')C, for A!,
of methvIr acrylate and methricrylic acid (,-NIMA) at 20", and for -.,oly-
styrene (PS) at 200C yielded a straight line. The reltiti@,n between -r Firil
v can be expressed by the empirical equaticn 1/1-r- vm/c (m tin,] (., aie
constants depending on temperature and the type of poly=er), T--i! relation
indicates that destruction and deformation are entirely dif4'--rent. inter-
dependent processes. Destruction and deformation rites ch-Ange unpropor-
tionally with varying stress. This io illustrated by Fii;@ 4. He;ttlng
tests indicate that destruction is a local process covering small areus of
the material. Therefore, it is not directly related to the defornation
accumulation in the entire specimen. The destruction was examinei by a
microscopic study of the crackinj@ of solid, ,imorphouj, transparent nolymero
(organic glasses). When transparent nclymer3 crac@, their crack.@ gi-ter
intensely in the reflected light T;-,e rr-it,ors developel t@-e oo-called
"face" process for observing alich cr%@,ks (M. I. Bessonov , Ye, 7.
FTT, 1, 1,141 (1959)). The dumphell-ohapei opecir..,@r,, izi on tht microscope
stage and subjected to constant tensile ntress (Fir- 5'?. Tt,,e f,,,:es of
the specimen are polished O@@ervatic;!@@l @,- r.,.rAe @n reflected 1:,ri,t, ujin@,
cr:-r-a 2/'C' @

.223A
t rj,@
cr c c (I r, 11 l7o -
I..". V c
.12-.- C 1,C
o n.
or. 1,-? r c r,r T"':
o n
1: S, r,rL:C:-7 7::;' c r
c c r--, c t io n
to t,p
2 0 T@,- --cfeience
7-
7 0 0 r Rocoler; Froc.

VOLOrAll, V. P. ; ri'Bill, S. P. ;
lteaBurlng dynamic and :7@echanical propertle@; of rubber in
the frequency range frcm 0,01 to 4,GOO h,,,rtz. i,rib. J t.3;:h.
eksp. 6 no.4:179 Jl-Ag 161. ('IIFJ, 14-.?)
1. Leningradskiy polltekhnichenkiy Inatitut,
(Rubber-Teuting)

8/1 8IJ62/004/01; /007/052
B104/B102
AUTHORS: Kuvehinskiy, Ye. V., and Sidorovich, A. V.
TITLE: Ways to develop a quantitative theory of vitrificition
PERIODICAL: Fizika tverdogo tela, V. 4, no. 12, 1962, 3403-34)8
TEXT: This is a critical survey on studies since 1936 on the relaxation
theory of the vitrification of amorphous bodies. It is shown tnat the
relaxation theory, although well known, gives only qualitative results,
and that systematic investigations of vitrification are lacking. To
develop the theory further, the following stu'dies are proposed:
(1) experimental investigation of rules governing property charges of a
substance during heat treatment, compression and elongation; (2) confirma-
tion that when a function of state is established this enables the behavior
of a substance under any course of treatment to be predicted; (3) explana-
tion of a kinetic equatlon on the basis of the general conceptJ.ons of
molecular relaxation. The equation of state
Card 1/3

S/181/62/004/01,-/007/052
Ways to develop a quantitative ... B100102
ctu f P. j4ki A, (dQ dU dP
iE dt
dt (Tp-) o. st
(4)
lu
jP
is derived for the function of state
Uz= U a,; 0; p; q, r) U(-'; 0; P). (2)
dt
where
(!@'-')=A,(aj; a,., 0; p) =A, (a,; 0; A. M-
.dt
a inner parameter of the substance, 6 - temperature, p pre:isure,
q dg/dt, r - dp/dt. From (4) it follows that the proposed er)eriments
must be of very varied nature, but the experimental conditions -an be
exactly determined if temperature and pressure vary according t3 a
previously fixed law..
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3/181/62/004/01'-'/007/052
Ways to develop a quantitative ... B104/B102
ASSOCIATION; Institut v ookomolekulyarnykh soyedineniy AN SSSR,
Leningrad Mstitute of High-molecular Compounds AS USSR,
Leningrad)
SUBM.ITTED: July 2, 1962
j
Card 3/3

U,ginG !TIT for
of pojT,:a,-r-, Zav.labc 2'@
ar.1 ne s

AID fir. 972-31 21 Hay
MECHANISM OF RUBBER' WEAR (USSW
Rudakov, A. P., and-Y2.-V,_&@vshins@ki . Vysokomolekulyarnyye soyetti-
neniya, v. 5, no. 3, Mar 1963, 417-423. S/190/G3/005/003/020/024
The weii,- of rubber has been studied at the Institute of Macromolecular Com-
pounds, Academy of Sciences USSR, with special equipment permitting 1) vis-
ual observation and cinemicrophotography of the phenomena ocaurring a:; a
smooth steel indenter slides back and forth on a rubber surface and 2) s, udy
of the effects of the number of indenter passes, contact pressure, and g kse-
ous medium. The experiments were conducted at room te mz@erature with
filled butadiene (CKB, CM ), butadiene-styrene.( CKC-30-A ), carboxylited
(CIM-30-1 ), Isoprene (natural, CHM ), and butyl rubbers and with unfilled
CKZ and nairit. Rubber wear was shown to be the re@ult of degradation.
The rubber surface becomes tacky, and the wear mezhanism is a contina-
ous rolling up and removal of this tacky surface layer. In some cases tle
presence of oxygen affects the nature of the wear: the wear of isopren(
rubbers in air was shown to differ from that in Ile. In air, it is accompanied-
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AID Nr. 972-31 21 may
IECHANISH OF RUBBER WEAR (Cont1d) S/190/63/005/003/01ZY024
by the separation of an oily liquid indicating the development of oxidatio-l, which'
is also observed in the case of CKC-30-A . Tile wear.processes of CM and
CKC-30-1 in air and in He are identical. It is also shown that the degradation
of rubber is not associated with the evolution of the licat of friction. Changing
the temperafure of the experiment affects the development of the process con-
siderably. For example, at temperatures above the softening point of poly-
methyl methacrylate, its wear is similar to that of rubber, but at lower tem-
peratures the wear is different: particles are chipped off of the unchanj:ed
material. The results of the study lead to the general. conclusions that -:he
wear of rubber is closely linked to the development of mechanochemical de-
gradation. BAO)
Caxd 2/2

ACCESSION NO: AP3006764 S/0190/6*5/005/W)/l 593/1397
AtMORSt Tomanko, D. A.j Volodint V. P.j Bidorovioh, A. F-i Kuvshinskiy, Ye. V.
TITLE: Thermomechanical inventiCations of polyisobutylene by means of dilat-.on and
penetration
SOURCE: Vy*sokomolekulyarny*ye aoyedineniya, v. 5, no. 9, 19631 1393-1397
TOPIC TAGS: polymer, thermal oxidation, single axis elongation, polyisobutylene,
amorphous polymer, thermomechanics
ABS'MACT: The low-molecular-weight polymer was prepared by mearis of thermal
oxidation decomposition of the hi(;h-molecular-we1j;ht product, 110atin,-, the latter
in air at 160-170C for 50 hours. The characteristic molecular voightsl! , ard "w2
were 0-55 x 106 and 1.86 x 106 respectively. The method of invt!stigation
consisted of single-axie elongation of a film atrip under a con!itant force, and
penetration by a 3-am cylindrical indentor under a gTadual tempiirature rise. The
rezults sho-z behavior of polyioobutylens analogous to other linuar polymers. As in
other amorphous polymer deformations, a sharp branch in the thermomechanical. curve
of polyi9obutylene shows a superelastio behavior. Orig. art. has: 4 figures.
Card 1/2

ACCESSION NO: AP3oo6764
ASSOCIATION: Tnntitut vy*sokomolekulyarny*kh ooyedineniy AN S:iSR (Institute of
Compounds AN SSSR)
DATE ACqt 308ep63 r-XC L t00
SUB CODEs CH NO REF SOV: 008 OTMM: 000
Card 2/2
I
- -.-- -

KTISHINSKIY, Ye.V.; AERO, E.L.
Continuity theory of asymmetric elasticity, allowing for "iitornal*
rotation. Fiz. tver tela 5 no.9t2591-2598 3 163. (MIIA 16:10)
1. InstAtut vyqokomolekulyarnykh soyedineniy AN SSM, Lenin?rad.

LAYUS, L.A.; KUVSHINSKIY, Ye.V.
Structure and mechanical propertie3 of *oriented" amorphou:i linear
polymers. Fiz. tver. tela 5 no.110113-3119 N 163. (@CRA 16:12)
1. Institut vysokomolekulyarnykh soywIIn,-niy AN SSSR, Leningrad.

-7
L3500-65 ENT(m) /a, F(WWO
ACCESSMi NR* ATS004096
AUTHOR: Rudakov, A. P - Kuvshin V. f(-. V.
q'-1 _ _ '
@."'tITLE: We r of rubb4 on a smooth indentr.:
SOURCEt Nauchno-tekh Inich,@skove soveshchaniyc@ po, f-Maionnorlu iznosu ivzin.
1@t r
--E@sccw' 1961. Friktsiannyy iznos rezin (Frictional. 4t?ar of
Moscow, Izd-vo Kbimiya, 196's, 46-155
r
on,
TOPIC TAGS: rubber, rubber property, rubber reseavch, wear fricti
mechanical working
iABSTRACT: The wear of rubber depends @-,i% its pro@Perties and oxi -OnV,tirm7, undar
which it is being urnd. Wear Is, tv..)" aiways the., result Of' b 1-1 t
also vesults from sliding along a Gir,--ollh surf@ic-i. The hypothosis that
is deter-mined by thc claatic; strength chara,."tcrisuics of rijbber ccmtr@;(Hr@ts the
ire thesri,!,, which id,-mntify Wcar,
findinga of many experiments. Neverthel.er!s, there
of rubber with mechanical destrl;ction. Here, an t@i! contra,-Y, it is telieved that
processes associated with fatigue.pl.ay a decisive Consequeutly
which occur during rubbing of a rubber surface with A m--oth inlentor vere investi-
gatc-A. A special device was constructed for thi-@ pur-1,4:1@ie (soe. FiF,. I of the En-
Card
WIN

L 3501.3@65
ACUSSIM UR: AT5004096
a rubLer s lecirzn,
cloutire). When the indentor is
the latter remains unchanged for ii cer-t,:,i.- 1- aft,@-, 1,Hn cy-
are fome-d. Thene
lindrical pellets
to the. c---otion of the indentar. Due to th@@ -1,4jwl "!:11 upp-,@v
becom--s stl/ky anet The eypemm-iits W
and SKS-300T.Iubber and with natural Y.-Wbb-er. wa!@ fo@,ml that rurfac-e- oxi-
during the we ar of SKI 1 ined .-md !i@irtiraI
dat v prace@-ras take place 0
rubber. The destruction of rubber during indentor tFeatv,@C-zit C,@@L-I.nnt be, attriIlu"L(]
to thc heat liberated due to friction. Orig. art. h i--@ ti ai-A f! r- 11
ASSOC IAT 1011 none
SUBMIMED- OSAug64 ENCL: 01 U- i@ 0 L,
110 Fix sov. 005 OTHER: 003
1 Ccrd 213

L 35cjh3@-65
ACCEISSION HR: AT5004096
Test Equipment
1 - indentor; 2 dynamometer spring; 3 - HIR-1 nicroscope; 4 K-9 micic-,Cope;
5 - motion picture camera; 6 synchronous motor; 7 reductlon gearbox-, 6 - Ulu-',
mina@or with flashlight; 9 - rubber specimen; 10 - lack stand; 11 - ZG-30 genera-
tor; 12 - GMK-1 mechanical vibration generator; 13 flashlight power stpply
14 - synchronizing switch
Card-

AMMION N-Ri AA009147 S/0190/64/006/Ocl/0052/0057
AUTHOWS: Layus, L. A.; Kuval-Linskiy, Yo. V.
,, I iolid po tam
TITLt@- Isometric heatiM as a nettiod oV @--tudyinr, oriented amorphous lyrr
SOURCB: Vy*sokomolekulyarny*ye soLruninendya, v. 6, no. 1, 1964, @2-57
TO?10 TAGSt polymer., solid polyner, a,,i3ijj1ioiis )olymor, orientation, -)riented
pol,@mer, stretc:i, isometric lyjatir,,., t,Gf(jr.ration, stress, stratch vcl:)city, macro-
molecule orientation, deerce of oriou'u-ation, iuooatric heating dia!;ran
XTISTPUCT- The proposed method of .4son,@,,ric heating is similar to the ther=-
mechanical method. In the first the otress is ininsured under constant ftfor,.iation
and -,r-ndual increase in temperature, in the second method the defor:--'at�On
under constant stress is being recoruled. The naterial for the preser.", irvesti-
@;ation consisted of polyvinylacetat.,, ('01. wt. 790 000) and po3Tne'Jrf1,r::c'h-
acrylate (KNI) (Mol, wt, 710 000) film --inds L)O microns thick, 2 r.-.% wide, an.; 20
mri long. These barAs were held ininlbile in a vo'rtical position by tvo clamps, '.@Ie
upper being connected with a dyna,-,owotcr. The setup was placed in a chamber
equipped with a heatine system to provide a -;radual te:%perature rise at a de3ired
Card 1/2