SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT KRUGLOV, N.A. - KRUGLOV, S.P.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000826720001-5
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: December 30, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 19, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

Vffect of aminazine and mepasine on carabellar and medullary
inhibiting processes. Farm. i toke. 22 no.2:99-lo4 mr-Ap 159.
(MMA 12:6)
1. Laboratortya, chastnoy farmakologit (zav. - doyetvitel'nyy
chlon AHN SSSR prof. V.V.Zakunov) Instititts, farmakologii i
khinioterapii AM SM).
(CIFSUMLLUM, physiol.
inhibe processes, off. of chlorpromazine &
vachtal (Rue))
(KUULLhR OBIONGATA, phyeiol.
same)
(CHLORPROMAZINN, effects
on cerebellum & melulla oblongata inhib.
processes (Rils))
(AUTONOMIG DRUGS, effects,
pacatal, on cerebellum & medulla oblongata
inhib. processes (Rue))

KRUGLOV, N.A.
Ilffeet of some analgesic and narcotic substances on reciprocal
Inhibition. 7~am.l tolm. 22 no.6t488-493 N-D 159. (MMA 13--5)
1. laboratorlya chastuoy Yarmakologii (say. - daystvital lrqy
chlen AMN SSSR prof. V.V. Zakumov) Instituta farmakologii I
khlmloterapil ANN 58 M
(AnWISICS)
(NARCOTICS Pharmaool.)
(INHIBITION)

Km-GLOVj N. A.
"The Effect of Analgesics of the Morphine Group on the Process of
Sensual InhibitiorP
Second International Pharmacological Congress, Pr,-.gueq Czechoslovakia
20-23 August 1963
Institute of Phannacology and Chemotherapy,Moscow.

Kf-UGLOV. N.A.
'Effect of the porphina group analgesics on central inhibi-
tory processes. Uch.zap.Inot. farm. i khimioter. AHN SS3K. 3a -
65-75163. (MIRA 16:9)
1., Department of Pharmacology (Head - Prof. V.V.Zakasov,
149mber of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Medical Sciences) of the
InBtitute of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy
(AKLLGFSICS) (INIIIBITION)

-V
US,qVComvzdcations - Radio MAY 1947
. Modulation
"Plate A"vAauaulation," N G Kruglov" ' pp
I'Vestnin I V-L 7, No 84
General ".~,"sZon of the plate modulation
system, Used and approved in radio station
at Riga. Dosirability of system foreconomic
reasons is stressed,
T16
IR

Modulation', plate
Trane4tters
"A4tmatic Plate Modulation of Radio Broadcasting
Tropemitters.," N. 0. Krugloyp Iblap 18 pp
'Iftaotekh" No 2
bescribee nev method called autoplate modulation
vWch doubles the efficiency vith normal modulation
sad Aqubles the pover of the tubes caqwtred to Class
0 plate modiLlIation. . It Is based an the principle
e ly'amplify blgh-fre-
that tubes in'cascade not on
've-soiew b*4 a 0- U40 a, plate modulators

~66 ST ! ~i!
so
so I A-A .00, 10 vo "i
so
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of LE OWPA on" in mo& so
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md I
oe fl. map nd so
up by ON" devu ad am& AOLM
0* Nab* of WOFAM sadoxy ""m 0
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ka
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goo
MW
00, twAid 61 isk Ow Ow WA*AOW mr1w
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P'l .4 0
400
boo
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400
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Tri -11~4
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0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
0 0 00 00 00'* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 4 0 O's 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 6 a 0 0 0

Sub 23 Dee 52 10501f-Anode !l,odqjati,,j
'n'f""Cow E'lectrical of
or the T,)CJ -'n;linmarin -
-ree or
Vechern
- los ky
j ~ a,
e in
52
7j,
. Idi,, ors.
r
ast of
-,-ec)jjcaj
J nces).

&RLGI,Ovj 11.
IfAutomatic Pl4te modulation In 'Ow-POwered transmitters.0
SO. Radiop Vol, 8 P P- 45, 1952

"Ell 'I*;,
Radio - Transmittvirs and Transmission
Auto-anodic modulation In low-powered transmitters., Radio, ',o. 6,
9. Monthl List of Russian Accessionn, Library of Congress, ';uva-iber 1952 Uncl.

KRLrj1DV, N. G.
"Question of Plate Modulation 7,adio Tekh., JulYs 1954
7-7-r~ Xg.

USSR/Electronics Self-anode modulation of 'transmitters FD-1053
Card Pub 90-1/12
Author N. G. llr~lov
Title Some problems of self-anode modulation
Periodical Hadiotekhnika 9, 3-21, Jul/Aug 1954
Abstract Author discusses the equivalent circuit 7nd certain problems
of the.theory of self-anode modulat.Lon; indicates the most
essential characteristics of the operation of basic aelf-anode
modulatioLcircuito (i.e., with automatic bias variation and
controllable bia4; and briefly examines the problem of the inertia
of self-anode modulation. Four references; USSR, 1946-1952.
Schematic diagrams; graphs.
Institution
Submitted 3 March 1951

KRUGIDT, N.M.
Carry out ship repairs In a satisfactory manner. Rech.transp.
18 no.12:21-22 D 159. (KmA 13:4)
1. lachallnik slushby sudovogo khoxyaystya Volshokogo ob"yedinanannogo
recbnogo parokhadetvas
(Ships-Vaintenance and repair)

la=TXH, Mikhail Illich; XRUGWV. N.F.. retsenzeat; MARSUROY, Y.N.,
retsenzent; KOPAVICH, Te.l., redaktor; MADV ".BY, L.Ta.,
takhnichaski.v redaktor
[Rapair andinstallation of equipment in textile enterprises and
light Industries; the general partJ Remont I sontash oborudovaniia
pradpriiatil takatillnoi I legkoi promyshlonnosti; obahcbmia chast'.
Moskva. Goa. nauchno-tokho. lid-vo Ministerstva legkoi promyshl.
338R, 1956. 310 P. (HLRA 919)
(Machinery)
"MR

L( C, nd F,- ti '-c1. t k::~ t' t m.-ulial public
w J' I I I t IL:! cil' Vitebsk, tile of
C;O, nA~i- to h:i.:rcvc~;.e%t of' t*,I," -oanitf-ir:,- of thc-
cit 6 . 25 (Duril n. rm; --,L-ate Cr,iu- oi` Lienin In-~t of
Adv~-,nced Traininc of Fl--cAcinn-,; im S. M. Kirov); nU.i,10~--r Or COT',iUS !'0t
-.--lven; pr.1c;e not i-ivk.~n; (KL, 21.-60, l,',0)

SOV/96-59-8-22/2p
AUTHOR., Kruglov, N.V., Candidate of Technical Sciences
TITLE: Vibration Standards for Turbo Machines
PMUODICAL: Teploenergetika 1959, Nr 8, pp 85-87 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Standards of permissible vibration have been drawn up for
steam turbines and turbo blowem and considerable exper-
ienoe of this subject is available. However, vibration in
high-speed gas turbines is not fully understood. Experimental
investigations are difficult; for instance, strain gauges
cannot easily be applied to high-speed blading. Vibration
measurements can be made on external surfaces of the frame
but in the main this gives information only about main
shaft vibration and does not disclose the sources of high-
frequency vibration. On the basis of experience with
machines running at 3000 to 5000 rpm numerous standards
have been drawn up for permissible vibration. They usually
define permissible amplitudes of vibration on the main
bearings. Many factors that influence vibration in machines
such as !,-learanaes, lubrication, wear of bearings, output,
Card 1/4 foundation arrangements and others are not taken into

SOV/96-59-8-22/27
Vibration Standards for Turbo Machines
account. Vibrati-:)n cannot be limited simply by restricting
the amount of rotor unbalan3c, for unbalance is not the
only oause of -vibration. It will be seen that existing
vibration standards are empirical and of somewhat limited
validity, e7en for machines running at 7-000 to 5000 rpm,
and the most that oan be said about machines running at
25000 rpm is that the amplitude of vibration should not
ex,.,eed a few microns. However, since nothing better is
available -the bestv uae possible must ba made of existing
standards for medl,,;n-speed machines when evaluating per-
missible -71bration in high-speed machines. The existing
standards have ac~,,ordingly been analysed and the resul.tg
e %,
alressed as graphs of vibration against speed. In curve
, amplitude of vibration is plotted against speed in
log/log coordinates; In -,urve (b) permissible values of
amplitude are related to speed in linear coordinates.
Existing standards are so written that the graphs are straight
lines on log/log paper, 'but the slope differs between stan-
dards. There is another method of asses3ing 'the intensity
Card 2/4 of vibration besides the amplitude. name1j, the magnitude of

SOV/96-59-8-22/27
Vibration Standards for Turbo Machines
the maximum acceleration, or the dimensionless ratio of
this acceleration to gravity. Existing standards all permit
some increase in this ratio over the speed range 1500 to
5000 rpm. On the basis of the analysis, one way of defining
permissible vibration is to assume a constant value for the
product of amplitude and speed. If the existing standard
values are extended to machines running at higher speeds
with the additional limitation that at 30000 rpm the acce-
leration should not exceed 2g, then the formula for limiting
amplitude of vibration becomes:
A-x2n2 2
900 g
This formula gives a permissible amplitude of 2 microns at
30000 rpm and 20 x 10-3 mm at 3000 rpm, this latter value
corresponding to the usual standards including GOST 5908-51..
The proposed formula also gives acceptable values for
machines of intermediate speed. In some cases it may be
Card 3/4 permissible to use a higher acceleration than 2g,, but in

SOV/96-.59-8-22/27
Vibration Standards for Turbo Machines
no 3ase should the amplitude be greater than the recommended
maximum value on the graph. It will probably be found that
the recommended standard is conservative, but It should
only be relaxed when considerably more experience has been
gained. Tnere are 2 figures and 3 Soviet references.
Card 4/4

- I I *',
'I-. I

T' ~
V.
ZAKMSKIY. Iviin Pitrovich; KRUGIA)V, Oleg Vladimirovich: KIMPWOV, Y.I.,
otvotstvonny7 red.; WIT'6G'-A--.-', --iiihn a red.
[Underground psification of coal in the Donets Basin] Podsemnaia
gazifikatelis kmmontWkh uglai v Donbsese. Moskva, Ugletakhizdat,
1957. 26 p. (HMA 11:4)
(Donate Bosin-Coal gasification. Underground)

IMWLOV. O.V.
. -, ~' ~' ~~ T-~
---""O""~Calculation and alignment of oriented boreholes for underground
coal gasification. Podsemegas#ugl, nool:39-45 '57. (KIaA 10:7)
lo Lislohenskaya stantelya 'Podsougas.1
(Mine surveying) (Coal gasification, Underground)

11 mummok
Suwary of overatl*ns at the Lisichamak 'PodlecroW plant during
1954-1956. Podion.gat.ugl. no.2.*31-38 157. (KLRA 10:?)
1. Linichanakoq& stantsiya "Podseagas.,
(Donets Basin--Coal gasification, Underground)
(Livichansk--GAs producers)

KRUG ~~OV, -0. V. I YUDRCROVSKIT, I. H.
SomR romprka on V.I. Pronin's nnd D.A. Sokolov's nrticle "Methods of
baring inclined directionAl borpholRs.* Podwem.gm%.ugl. no.1:70-72
158. (MIRA 11:4)
1. Sinichmnskaym etmntsiyA "Podxsmgs-x.'1 kmntorA opytnogo napravlannogo
buronlya.
(Boring narhinery)

ZHIRNYY, A.To.; KRUa1DV, O.Y. - POWSI11, I.A.
rVA4A
Connecting aM putting Into operation boreholon for underground
gasification, Podx"m.paz.url. no.2%43-44 159. (MIRA 12:9)
1. Lisiclhanskara stantsiya "Podzeagal", nektor 10*15 Va"90YUSU060
natichno-isslodavatel'okogo I proyeVtnogo inatitnta podzemnoy
gaHifikatail ugloye
(Coal gasification, Undorground) (Boring)

XHUGIDY. 0.V.; TU4BOROVSXIY, I.M.
Deviation of the gallery In drilling directional boreholes.
Podzem.gas.ugl. no-3:43-49 159. (MIRA 12 -.12
1. Lisichanskaya stantslya "PodzeWx,"
(Boring) (Coal gasification, Underground)

-U.WGWV, O.V.; YUDBOROVSKIT, I.H.
Calculation of the inBeribed action radiua of Mine face motore
and boring equipment In directed hole boring. Podzen.gas.ugl.
no.4:42-46 159. (MIRA 13-4)
1. Lisichanskaya stantsi7a "Podzemg&z.6
(Boring) (Lisichansk-Coal ganification, Underground)

YUJ)IN# I.D.# kands klibn. nauk;-XfU1G1,(j-Vj P.V, (deconved);
NAYUKOV, va,
Certain dependence of the heat of comimation of gas on the
rate of tile flow in the gasIfIcation channel. Trudy
VNI1Pod-zemgaza no.12:19-27 164. (MIRA 18:9)

Zarladka bortovykh kislorodnykh ballonov. (Vestnik vosdushnogo flota, 1937
v. 19, no. 8, p. 50-52, illus,)
Title tr.s Ch&rging of oxygen cylAndere for use on board aircraft.
TL504.V45 1937
SO: Aeronautical Sciences and Aviation in the Soviet Union, Library of
Congress, 1955

-ACC-'NRi AT'7-0"44i_(_/V) SOURCE CODE: UR/2531/66/000/199/0107/0113
AUTHOR:__jjjaovL. R.A.
TITLE: Measurement attachuent*for a ground-based puls*d-li~ht cloud-
height indicator
ORG: none
SOURCE: Leningrid. Glavnaya geofiziches,kaya observatoriya. Trudy,
no. 199, 1966. ~eteorologicheskiye pribory i avtonatixatsiya mateoro-
logicheskikh izadreniy (Meteorological instruments and the ahtomation
of meteorological measurements), 107-113
TOPIC TAGS: meteorology, meteorologic instrument, cloud cover, cloud
level, weather station, automatic telemetering weather station, pulsed-
light cloud-height indicator
PURPOSE AND COVERAGE: The author reviews the various advantages of the
pulsed-light cloud-height indicator over instruments using the triangu-
lation technique in measuring the heights of cloud bases. He considers'
that the former shows the greatest promise for use in automatic-tele-
metering weather stations. Howeverl he points out thatp at present,
4

ACC NR, AT7004446
this Instrument has three significant shortcomings: 1) the pulse tubes
are good for only 1000 separate measurements; 2) remote operation does
not exceed 100 m; and 3) the instrument must be operated manually. The
Hain Geophysical Observatory has developed an attachment for lot-pro-
duced pulsed-light cloud-height indicator, thus eliminating the cited
disadvantages and making this indicator adaptable to automatic-tele-
metering weather stations with remote operation up to 5-7 km. A bl *ock
diagram of the indicator and attachment is given In Fig. 1. The article
also contains a circuit diagiam of the attachment. It is stated that
the instrument error does not exceed 71 of scale. For lower and upper
measurement limits of 50 and 1000 a, the sensor d.c. output voltage Is
60 and 3, respectively. The operating principle of the attachment and
indicator is explained in some detail. The attachment, which measures
210 x 270 x 190 am. in connected to the cloud-heLght indicato 'r by a
short 12-strand cable and to the automatid-instrumentation unit or con-
trol console by a 5-strand cable 2 io 7 km long. In 1963, laboratory
tests were conducted with a prototype system in which a 5-km-long com-
munication line was simulated. For comparison purposes, cloud-height
measurements were made with and without the'attachment. The results
showed'no appreciable differences between the Indicator readings and the
measurement-attachment readings. A table of the test results of 21
Ueasurements'shown'that In 11 cases the readings were LdentLcal, In'5
cases-they d ffered by only 10 a, and In-3 cases, by 20 m. OrLg. art.
has-; 2 figur!A and, 1 tabl'o.
2 /4

ACC NR AT 70044 46

radiator
rad Is 2
*-#ON receiver
Fig. 1. Block diagram of It 1
pulsed-light cloud-height Indicator -
I.ndicator add mefourement
attachment.
1-pulse tube; 2-IEU-1 pho-, I
to-multiplier and ;preampj
3-rectifier; 4-video am
fier; 5-sweep generato
6-time-markiganstator-,
7-power source; S-AGC and
. limiter; 9-measurino unit; i
6
10-relay unitj a4d 1l-.
Viower source
L

pulsid-4ight,
cloui-height
indicator

sensor
I

output I - -

measurement.
FrIam auto- I

mitio program . I
attacbment
unit
10
Card 4

RIAT7004446
rw.A. X-67-41

Y'k *]
USSR/Phy'sical Chemiatry Solutions. Theory of Acids and Bases, B-11
Abst Journal; Referat Zhur - Xhimiya, No 1, 1957) 489
Author: Vinnik, M. I., Kruglov, R. If.,, and Chirkov,,N. M.
Institution: None
Title: Acidity of Aqueous Solutions of Hydrobromic and Hydrochloric Acid
Original
Periodical; Zh. fiz. khimii) 1956, Vol 30., No 4, 827-836
Abstract: The indicator method was used in measuring the acidity Ho of aqueous
solutions of HBrM and UC1(II) over the concentration ranges 0.275-
56-52 wt percent and 8.9-40.47 vt percent) respectively. From the ex-
perimental values of R values were calculated for (f]110 + fB)fBH +
(III) and fB/(fA - fB3'(-TV). The standard state is choden such that
the acid ionization constant /W1Q, : 1. It is shown that the ratio
III increases with increasing copcentrations of I and II and the ratio
IV Is practically independent of the concentrations of I and Il and is
equal to one. For aqueous soluttons of I and II up to 16-17 ml, the
acidity Ho is numerically equal.to 109(affidcA), where allA is the
Card 1/2

U.58R/Physical Chemistry - Solutions. Theory of Acids and Basesj, B-11
Abet Journal: Referat Zhur - Xhimlya, No 1, 1957~ 489
Abstract: activity of the acid determined from the emf or from the vapor pres-
sure and CA- Is the concentration of the halide ion.
K A D AIA U S,~
Frz /Ikz-~ A4 os k v4
Card 2/2
C P );~O

VMIK. M.i.: EMLOT, R.N.; CHIRIOV. B.M.
Acidity fu6tione of boron fluoride in phosphoric meld solutions.
Zhur.fis.khim. 31 no.4:832-835 Ap '57, (?P-EA ln-7)
1. Akademiya nauk SSSR, Inatitut fisicheekay khtail.
(Boron fluoride) (Phosphoric n^fd)

W
28131
;3ystrQ i bez puterl uhraM uro-,Ihay, dosrochno vy:-,-A~dtl plan kblt.-Pu~,a utovuk,
(7.a(ladii partorj7arii,,atsiy). lolshevik Kazakillst'allap 0-16.
I
KR:Jr,LUJ, S. :rovvtly, (fast.), witho~.it aiq losses, reap the liarve.,,t,
thiis sufficient to civlplete the plan of vraiiLs Oread) stor-'ng-~. x--.atA preservinv).
nrO')IeM L)f :)artyls ori,anizalUun). :Solsrievik, r..icaknst-alli, 1)L,), ;t0o~', [3age
SO, LEMPIS At 34

Yru,~Iov, S.
Illnvestiration of th(- convective hcat. Pxchan.,~(-_ bpL-:el-n ! r-Tanlilatred
riterl-il -ind ni -ns llo-.4." MIn Higher Mucation ",oncow Ordor
of Red Danner etrolnum Inst ill,"rll AcId("nict'll 1. GubkIn.
i1olcow, 1.956 (Dissertation for the degree of Candidate In TPchnical
Sciences)
YZi?hnpva lo~to-jlsl
, - 15, 1956. ?-:Orcow
N n .' I

KRUGMV, S.A.
KRUGWI, S.A., Cand Tech Sci -- (dies) "Study of convective beat
exchange betueen granular material and gas flow." Moe 1958. 13 pp (Kin
of 111gher Eduo MSR. Moe Ordor of labor Rod Banner Petroleum Inat Im Acad
.J..M. Gubkin). 3.10 copies (KL.. 20-58p97)

KRIJULOV, S.A.; SKOBW, A.I.
Investigating conveotive heat transfer 'between a granular material
and a gas stream, Xhim i tekh. toPl- i masel 3 no*3:23-30 Hr 158.
(MIRA 110)
1.Moskovskiy naftyanoy institut im Wcademiks. I.M. Oubicina.
Heat-Transmission)
luidization)
4

KRUGLOV, S.A.
Heating apparatus with a granulated heat-carrying agent; some
problems of design and utilization. Trmdy KII no.23:101-115
158. (KM 12: 1)
(Petroleum--Refining)
(Beat engineering)

VIKEHM 0 Goergiy L'vovichj_XNjgjn,_SWyAy A1Okfi=dxvyjq_4j__USKAKOV,
A.,A.p inzh.p retBenzent; YEFMOVA, TeD., ved, rad.;
VOROBOYE-VA, L.V.0 tekhn. red.
(Principles of the design -"-equipment and machines for
petroleum refineries] OBnovy konBtruirovaniia apparatov J
mashin nefteparerabatvvaiushchikh zavodov. Moskva# G-oso
nauchno-tekhn. izd-vo, neft. i gorno-toplivnoi lit-ry,, 1962.
110 P. (MIRA l512~
(Petroleum refineriea-Equipment and supplies)
Z,

'GLOV S.A.
PAVELf A.; 5KOWD I.; FJIU v
Reat exchange in a fluidized bed betwcer. a gas flow and the
particles of a solid heat carrier. Izv. vys. ucheb. zav.;
neft' i. gaz 8 no.1:59-62 165.
O"ITRA 18:2)
1. Moskok,;,,,.Ly institut neftekhimicheskoy 1. pro-myshlen-
nositl ~,,jni akadcml~a I.I.I. Gubkir.A.

KATTZTXT, Mikhail Alaksandrovich; SKMIOTA, Klaydiya Alakeandrorna;
SILIVISTROVICH, B.I., nauchnyy redaktor; WU redaktor;
LYMXOYSUYA, N.I., takhnichaskly redaktor
(Porous silicate products) Poristye silikatnys isdeliia. Moskva,
Goes izd-vo lit-ry po strotto naterialan, 1956. 106 p. (KW 9M)
(Building materials) (Silicates)

WHlTAKIR, T.; SOLOVIYNV, S.M. (translator]; SOROKER, V.I., doktor tekhaichs-
skikh nauk, redaktor; KRUGLOV, S.A., redaktor; GIADKINH, N.N.,takhredaktor
(Lightweight conorets in the United States. Translated from the
Inglish] LaSkis betouy Y $Sbho Paravoil a angliis.*-ogo S.I.Solov!ava,
pod reds V.I.Sorokera. Moskva, Goa. izd-yo lit-ry po stroit.
materialam. 1956. 147 P. (KIRA 100)
(United States-Lightweight concrete)
W.,
tj ;1!j

T~ r, -, r - r i T
XAPIANSKIY, Yakov lazaretvich; WINICH, I.M., nauchny-y red.; PHUGLOV, S.A..
rod.; GUSNSON, P.G., takhn.red.
EBuilding yards with combines for concrete work] Poligon a betoni-
ruyushchin kombainoz. Xoakva, Goa.izd-vo lit-z7 po stroitamaterialamp
"I. lol(ppr;..t o...t.) (MIRA 11:2)
"N
L

YUILMYXV. Alsk-sandr Ale',-L;ayevich; SUSHIKOV. A.A..
OUGLOV, S.A aktor; PYATAKOVA. N-11.,
Eilquipment for prestressing] Oborudovaula
8rmirovantia. Moskva, Goe. izd-vo lit-ry
1957. 198 p
(Prestressod concrete)
nauchnyy redaktor:
t9khnicheskiy redaktor
dlia napriazhennogo
po, str9it. materialam,
(JqLRA 10:10)

pi u &4C V ""%, //
KRIVITSKff. Mikhail Yakovlevich, kand.tekha.nauk: YOIMOV, Baum Semenovich,
inzh.; IINKRASOV, N.D., doktor tokhnonauk, nauchrVy red.LjSRj4UN-j,~,.
S.A., red,,- GILRIISOU, P.G., takhnorad, 0011-
01"P"lant manufacture of elements from foam cement and foam silicate]
Zavodskoe izpotoylanie izdolit iz penobetona i penosilikates Moskva,
Goo. izd-yo, lit-ry po atroit., arkhit. I Fitroit. materislam, 1958.
158 P. (MMA 11:5)
(Precast concrete)

S., inzh.
Designs of asbestos-cement wall pansle. Stroi. mat. 4 no.11:9-14
N '5 8. (Asbestos Cement) (Walla) (Kmi nji2)

XRUGIDV, S., inzh.; SOIDLOVSKIT, N., inzh.
Yactory-made asbestos cement construction elements and products.
Zhil. strol, n0-5:17-20 159. (MIRA 12t8)-
(Asbestos cement)

KRUGLOV, S. 10
UM/ketallurgy - Cast Iron, Tftbnology gap 52
"Production of High-Strength Cast Iron in Small Fowd-
ries," M. M. Vyshemirskiy, S. 1. Kruglov, Engineers
"Litey Proizvod" No 9., pp 27-29
.Cites~ difficulties experienced by small foundry
shops due to necessity of having devices for making
Mg alloys and for introducing these alloys into ladle.
Attempting to develop simple and inexpensive tech-
nological proce 9, suggests Mg-ferrosilicon with
20-25% Mg and 5;-60% Si as alloy most suitable for
modification of metal in ladle in process of obtain-
ing high-strength cast irons. A lication of alloy
eliminates double inoculation vlig Cu-Xg and ferro-
silicon Vh1ch occurs In usual process. 23"
PA 233TS2

DEMINP V.N.; KIR!jG,,OVI S. L.
S
OMO problems of reference and informntion work (MIRA 1-1:2)
NTI no.llt42-43 '63. In rore!gn countries.

KOLCIIIIISM M. L. K RUGIDV S. L.
Science ana technology dcaumoditation in an infomation system.
NTI no.4,9-18 165. (14IRA 18:6)

DFMINP V.N.; KRUC-LDV, S.L.
Some problema in reference and Inforr-aticn work !n f'inreign
countriea. Ft. 2. NTI no.1215l-414 163. (BUPA M6)
- -11% a I
vir

U_T_~
AVA HOR: Kruglov, S. F., 56-4-43/54
TITLEs A Comparison -'ofthe t-Energy of a Synchrotron measured Calorime-
trically and by Ionization (Sravneniye kalorimetri-
cheskikh i ionizationnykh izmereniy potoka energii r-luchey ot
sinkhrotrona)(Letter to the Editor)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal Eksperim. i Teoret Fiziki, 1957, Vol. 33, Nr 4, pp. lo6o-
-1o62, (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The measurements were carried out a synchrotron LFTI at 85 Key-
By both methods the energy of the Frays is measured which is ne-
cessary to produce I Coulomb charge in a a ecial chamber. When the
calorimetric measurement is employed, the7-energy is absorbed in
lead cylinders (R - 5,5, Ll - 11cm, L2 - 4cm) of different length.
The temperature rise of the lead is calorimetrically measured. The
results for the two cylinders differ by 2A'. When the second method
is employed, the dependence of the ionization in a thin-walled cha-
mber on the thickness of the absorbers which are placed before the
chimber is measured. C, Al, Cu and Pb are used as absorbers. The
data obtained by means of this method are except the Pb-measure-
ment in agreement with those obtained by the first method within
the limit of error. The second method was also applied tco thick-
walled chamber. The measurement results of all 3 series of measu-
rement agree within the domain of maximum erroro,There are 3 tab-
Card 112 lea.
i 9, 1, INM

.A Comparison of thet -tuergy of a Synchrotron Measured Calorime- 56-4-43/54
trically and by lonizatiori
ASSOCIATION: Leningrad Phyaico-Teohnicul Institute All USSR (Leningradakiy fi-
ziko-tekhnicheskiy inatitut Akademii nauk SSSR)
SUBMITTED: July 11, 1957
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 2/2

?4(3)(7)
AUTHORt K r i g 3 0715 7- 28- ', 0 - " 3/4 0
TITLE: Calorimetric Measurement of the Energy Flux of r- Radiation
From a Synchrotron(Kalorimetricheakoye izmereniye potoke energii
I-luchey ot sinKhrotrona) /'/ _< A,
PERIODICALt Zhurnal takhnichookoy fiziki,Vol 28.,Nr 10, PP 2310-2323 (USSR)
ABSTRAM This paper starts with a description of the principal features
and of the principles of operation of the calorimeter used in this
,.vork. The experiments were to disclose information bearing on a
cimparison of the various methods in use for the measurement of
the energy flux of the I-bromaotrahlung (Ref 6). The design of the
calorimeter is described. It is applicable to measurements of the
9:iergy flux offradiation with a limit energy of the spectrum of
500-MeV. The tetuperature rise was measured by means of thermistors.
The calibration of the calorimeter was carried out with the help
of lead-canned cylindrical heating elements. It is assumed that
the design of the cylinder adopted gu%ranteas a good thera;al con-
tact of the heating element with the medium. The maximum error in
the calibration did not exceed I %. Curves describing the calori-
meter sensitivity were'plotted fcr cylinders with a length of 11
Card 113 and 4 cm. The energy flux measurements were performed at an

Caloftmetric Measurement of the Energy Flux of 7-:28- 10- 53140
r-Radiation From a Synchrotron
Emax , 45, 65,and 85 MeV. The rerul ts given in UeV Der I Coulomb
of charve (in the standardized c6pper chamber) are in the range
of 45tO 85 MeV independent of EZ~qx' a t!ili~,kness cf 15 =,i of copper
of the frontal wall of thiq chW-er being chosen. E max is the
maximum energy of the spectrum. The differenca of the results ob-
tained with cylinderB of differert length dc no', vary by more than
3 %. The maximum error in thp meaulirements of the energy U, given
in MeV/Coulomb does not ex-jeei 4 %. At present studies are under
way which are intended to yield a 7criparie~,n with the ionization
measurements with a calorimeter by investigating the absorption
of the energy of the r-bremsstrahlit:.S in -;ari3us materials. A.P.
Komar showed constant interest in the wcrk, Z. Kovarzh and I.V.
Lopatin assisted in the measurem,3.nt, . N.N. Chernov was head of the
synchrotron crew. There are 9 figuree, 4 table3., and 13 references,
1 of which is Soviet.
Card 213
U., -

Calorimetric Measurement of the Energy Flux of 28-10-33140
r-Radiation From a Synchrotron
SUBMITTED: December 3, 1957
Card 3/3

6/139/094/06/021/034
E032/Ell1+
AUTHORS: Kruglov, S.P., Kov rzh, Z., and Lopatin, I.V.
TITLE: Relation between the Roentgen and the Energy of Gamma
Radiation Incident per Square Centimetre
PERIODICAL: IzvestiA vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy, Fizikat
1959, Nr 6, PP 139-144 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: It is usual at the present time to express the intensity
of gamma radiation 2btained from accelerators in energy
units such as w/cm;e or MeV/cm2.sec. However,
frequently another unit is used, namely, roentgefi/min.
On the other hand, it is well known that the roentgen
loses its significance as a unit above 3 MeV. The
present authors have used the calorimetric method to
establish the connection between the roentgen and the
energy in MeV/cm2 for Emax = 1+5, 65 and 85 MeV. The
amma rays were produced by the synchrotron of the
f
eningrad Physico-Technical Institute of the Academy of
Sciences, USSR. The experimental arrangement is shown
Card in Fig 1, in which T is the synchrotron targets 3 is
1/4 a lead screen, K is a collimator, M Is an Ionization
chamber monitor, mr is a clearing magnet, KA is the A/

6M3
S/139/59/000/06/021/034
9032/911)+
Relation between the Roentgen and the Energy of Gamma Radiation
Incident per Square Centimetre
calorimeter7 CT is an adjustable calorimeter table,
C is the standard ionization chamber (13 mm copper
front wall), HK is a thimble chamber similar to the
Victoreen chamber (volume = 2 cm3), and ) is a lead
jacket (3-1 mm thick). The distances between the
various parts of the apparatus are indicated, and are in
mm. The gamma ray beam diameter was determined with
the aid of an X-ray film and was found to be 5.45 cm at
the standard ionization chamber. The intensity of the
gamma beam was found to be uniform over its cross-
sectional area to within 2-3%. Recombination effects
were found to be negligible.. In the first stage of the
experiment the calorimeter was used to determine the
energy of the gamma rays necessary to produce one coulomb
of charge in the standard ionisation chamber,. The energy
necessary to produce one coulomb of charge in the
Card monitor was also determined. From these determinations
2/4 it was found that at Emax 85 MeV the required factor
was 4.25 x lo18 MeV/coulomb in the standard chamber.

S/i3A4/000/06/02l/031+
8032/9114
Relation between the Roentgen and the Energy of Gamma Radiation
Incident per Square Centimetre
The second stage of the measurements consisted in the
determination of the charge (in coulombs) collected by
the Victoreeen chamber corresponding to 1 coulomb
collected by the standard chamber. This gave the value
of the ratio V/S where V refers to the Victoreen
chamber and S to the standard chamber. The ratio
V/6 = a then Indicates that a charge of a coulombs
collected in the Victoreen chamber is due to a gamma ray
energy which produces in the standard chamber 1 coulomb
of charge. Knowing the volume of the Victoreen chamber,
it is thus possible to determine the number of roentgens7
and knowing the area of the beam at this chamber one can
determino the number of MeV/CM2. The ratio of these
quantities gives the factor MeV/cm2.r. Experiments
showed that at 85, 65 and 1+5 MeV this factor is
1.68 x 109, 1.65 x 109 and 1.56 x 109 MeV/cm2.r,
Card respectively. The maximum error is 7-8%. Fig 2 shows
3/4 the results of the present work together-with those of
other workers. Good agreement is found for the values

69163
S/139/59/000/06/021/034
9032/3111+
Relation between the Roentgen and the Energy of Gamma Radiation
Incident per Square Centimetre
at 1+5 MoV, which is the only point in common with the
previous determinations.
This paper was reported at the Inter-Collegiate
Card Conference on Accelerators (Tomsk9 February 1956).
4/4 There are 2 figures and 6 English references.
ASSOCIATIONi Leningradskiy fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut, AN SSSR
(Leninarad Physico-Technical Institute. Academy-DT-_
SUBMITTED: December 27, 1958

EMLOV, S.P.; LOPATIV, I.V.
Realtionship of absorbed energy wA lonixation-for Y-quants, of
Imae 85 Key. Zhurstekh.fise 29 no.2:~73-275 r '59.
(UM 12t4)
1. Iftsiko-takhnichasidy institut AN AM, Leningrad.
(Gamma rays)

/0 69427
S/139/6o/ooo/oi/ooi/o4i
AUTHORS: Kruglov, S.P , Kovarzh, Z. EOW/Up"atin, i9vo
TITLE: -C-ompari-s-o-T-of-7fonisation and Calorimetric Measurements of
the Intensity of y-rays from a Sync hrotron
ghebnykh zavedeniy, Fizika,
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh u
1960, Nr 1, pp 3 - 11 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: It has been shown (Ref 1) that there is a discrepaficy
of 25-300.0 between y-ray energy-flux measurements by
different methods. The present paper is concerned with
the physical reasons for this discrepany and describes
experiments which have been carried out using -the 85 MeV,
synchrotron of the Leningrad Physico-technical Institute
of the Ac.Sc*, USSR. The y-ray flux was measured both
by the calorimetric and the ionisation methods. In
the calorimetric method the y-rays were absorbed in a
lead cylindrical absorber and the temperature change was
measured with the aid of a thermistor. Absorbing cylinders
11 cm and 4 cm long were used. The calorimeter employed
is shown in Figure 1. In this figure, I is a perspex
container, 2 is a steel chamber, 3 are polished plates,
4 are steel pillars, 5 are stirrers, 6 is an
Cardl/6 aluminium plate, 7 are aluminium foils, 8 are bras 8 14K

S/139/60/000/01/001/041
~912/A~l
Comparison of Ionisation and Calorime C a'surements of the
Intensity of y-rays from a Synchrotron
flanges, and all the dimensions indicated arc in mm. As
can be seen, two identical calorimeters are employed in
order to reduce the effect of fluctuations in the external
temperature. The thermistors in the two cylinders had
equal temperature coefficients (to better than 0.590 and
were included in opposite arms of a Wheatstone bridge.
The cylinders were well insulated from the chamber 2 and
from each other. To achieve th4a they were suspended on
thin threads in a vacuum of 10 mm 11g. The surface of
the cylinders and of the mflectors 3 was carefully
polished to reduce radiation losses. The envelope I was.
thermostated. The instrument was calibrated with the aid
an
of a special hoating element which communicated/accuratoly
known amount of energy to the cylinders. The calibration
curve for a cylinder 11 cm long is shown in Figure 3. The
accuracy is indicated by the dotted lines and is 4, 1%. A
photograph of the calorimeter is shown in Figure 1.
Card2/6 Figure 4 shows the disposition of the apparatus in an act 1

69427
S/139/6o/ooo/oi/ooi/o4i
Comparison of Ionisation and Calorimet ~q~20610urements of' the
Intensity of y-rays from a Synchrotron
experiment. The y-ray beam which leaves the collimator K
passes through the monitor M , a clearing magnet M1-
and enters the cylinder LL of the calorimeter KJJ.
A standard ionisation chamber C is placed behind the
calorimeter in the path of the beam. The charge collected
in this chamber per unit energy of the y-beam depends only
on the Laximuzn energy Emax at a given temperature and
pressure. The measurements were carried out in two stages;
First, the energy of the y-beam necessary to produce one
coulomb of charge in the monitor ionisation chamber M was
measured using the calorimeter. Next, the ratio of charges
collected, during equal times, by the monitor and the
standard ionisation chamber C was determined~ The
product of the two quantities gives the result. The second
method employed was as follows. A thin-walled ionisation
chamber was placed inside a block of a material. A
measurement was then made of the iotiisation in the chamber
Card3/6 as a function of the thickness of the material in front of
it (transition curve). Since, in the case of complete

69427
S/139/6o/ooo/ol/001/041
ET~24E~l 4rements of the
Comparison of Ionisation and Calorimetr e SU
Intensity of y-rays from a Synchrotron
absorption of the y-bonm, all its onergy is, in the last
analysis, use&,in ionisation, it follows that the
incident energy U of the y-ray can be related to the
ionisation in the air-filled region of the chamber by Eq (1),
where W is the energy necessary to produce one pair of
ions in air I M is the ratio of the ionisation losses
per cm of padin the substance employed and in air
(averaged over electron energies) and I(t) is the number
of ion pairs per cm of path in the air gap at a depth t
If ~ is independent of t then the integral
71 (t)dt Is equal to the area tinder the transition curve.
Figure 5 shows the ionisation chamber which was used. The
high-voltago electrode B and the collecting electrode C
wore iii the form of aluminium toils. 0.05 iTtm thick. The
back-scatterer P also serves as the second high-voltage
electrode. The depth of the working volume is 2 cm, With
Card4/6 such a dimension of the air gap, electrons scattered
-M
'Mg
NY

69427
S/139/6o/ooo/oVooi/o4i
E2~24F_ajl
Comparison of Ioninatlon and Calorimetr e ur,ment, of the
Intensity of y-rays from a Synchrotron
through large angles will be deflected sideways and
will not contribute to the ionisation. All the measure-
.ments were extrapolated to zero thickness of the air gap.
The experimental technique was similar to that in the case
of the calorimetric method. It was found that the calori-
metzic method is the most direct and accurate. The only
assumption in this method in that all the absorbed y-ray
energy is converted into heat and this holds provided
chemical changes and changes in the crystalline structure
do not take place. The transition-curve method for high
Z materials (lead) gives a low result. The main reason
lies probably in that the extrapolation to zero thickness
of the ionisation chamber cannot be assumed as linear.
However, in the case of low Z materials such as carbon,
aluminium, and copper, the agreement between the calori-
metric method and the transition-curve method is
sufficiently good. There are 9 figures, 1 table and
Card5/6 9 references, I of which is Soviet and 8 are English.

6
S/139N/G00/01/001/041
2(,E
eWrements of the
Comparison of Ionisation and CalorimetP22 u
Intensity of y-rays from a Synchrotron
ASSOCIATION: Laningradskiy fiziko-teklinicheskiy institut AN SSSR
(Leningrad Physico-technical Institute of the Ac.Sc.USSR)
SUBMITTED: December 27, 1958
Card 6/6

S/057/60/03Q/04/05/009
19~/ 02000 B004/BO02
AUTHORSs Kruseloy. S. P.. 1.9pat no It V9
TITLEt Investigation of the Energy Losses of &_Dremsstrahlung Beam
From a Calorimetric Absorber. I
PERIODICAM Zhurnal tokhnichookoy fisiki, 1960t Vol. 30, No. 4,
pp. 424-432
TEXTt no authors discuss the calorimetric measurement of the energy of
accelerator bremestrahlungs. Since the absorption of the total energy of
T-radiation yields too large Pb-absorbers with low sensitivity, small
absorbers are used, and a correction of the energy loss is necessary.
The present paper deals with the measurement of this energy lose.
Processes developing in the absorber by r radiation are described, and
the following second ry effects are discusseds 1) -f-quanta which under-
went a Compton soatt:ring; 2) -r quanta from the annihilation of positrone
and electronstA) bromastrahlung of the electrons. The intensity of the
radiation leakage ;as measured by means of a plexiglass ionization
chamber (Fig. I ig. 2 shows the experimental setup by means of the
Card 1/3
MARI

81108
Investigation of the Energy Losses of a Britas- 3/057/60/030/04/05/009
trahlung Beam From a Calorimetric Absorber. I B004/BO02
:
ynchrotron of the authorO Institute. The measuring chamber was arranged
n a circular path at different angles 6 with respect to the absorber.
The standard used was an ionization chamber placed upon the beau axis.
All data obtained at 760 torr and 200C were referred to its indications.
The measuring chamber was calibrated by means of Cc 6o and 120 key X-ray
tubes in the rentgenometrichookaya laboratoriya VNIIM (Radiometrio
Laboratory of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Metrology
imeni D. I. Jdendeley.!~Y) (Heads M. F Fig. 3 shows the depend-
---i-n-ce -offbe -ohamber sensitiveness on the thickness of the plexiglass. In
the experiment, a linear absorption coefficient of T - 0-50 +0-03 cm- 15
was obtained for all 0. Fig. 4 shown the radiation leakage reduction in
plexiglass at different 0, and Figs- 5-7 and Table I give the angular
distributions of the energy losses 6U measured in three different ab-
11 orbers. The results were calorimetrically examined (Table 2). The authors
found the radiation leakage to be anisotropic, a fact which explains the
hift of the absorption maxima. The second maximum at 1400 is not affect-
:d by the diameter of the absorber (Fig. 89 Table 3). Hence, It was
concluded that a gamma beam can never be completely absorbed, since
Card 2/3

81108
Investigation of the Energy Losses of a Brame- S,/057/60/030/04/05/009
atrahlung Beam From a Calorimetric Absorber. I BO04/BOO2
1.5% of the incident energy is always irradiated in angles wider than
900, and the energetic albedo of Pb, i.e. at E. - 85 mev, has the
fmax
value of 1.5%. The authors thank Professor A. P. Komar for discussions,
and Z. Kovarzh for his assistance in the measurements. There are 8 figures,
3 tables, and 10 referencess 4 Soviet and 6 American.
ASSOCIATION: Fiziko-takhnichaskiy inatitut AN SSSR Leningrad Unstitute
of Physics and Technology of the AS USSR, LsniqgEad
SUBMITTEDs August 289 1959
Card 3/3
t-Y7
MT t.'N=
pYi
T.

8h564
S/O 57/60/030/011/00 9/009
B006/BO54
r,3 0 0
AUTHORS: Komar, A. P. and Kruglov, S. P.
TITLE, A Quantum Meter for Measuring the Bremsetrahlun Energy
Flux From Betatrone, and S3aqhZrc!tr"nd Its Investigation
at EImax < 100 Mev17 f
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal takhnicheakoy fiziki, 1960, Vol. 30, No. 11,
pp. 1369-1380
TEXT: The demands made on aninstrument for measuring bremsstrahlung
energy flux are theoretically met by the now quantum meter developed
by Wilson (Ref. 7). Wilson tested the instrument in theE ymax range from
300 to 800 Mov. The present paper gives the results of quantum meter tests
in the range EImax < 100 Mev,in which the independence of the instrumentaltr
factor on E,m,x and on the diameter of the gamma beam at the input of the
instrOment is not so clear as at high energies. The authors also give a
mathematically accurate theory for the quantum meter which was missing
Card 1/ 4

84564
A Quantum Meter for Measuring the Bremsetrahlung S/,057/60/030/011/009/009
Energy Flux From betatrons and Synchrotrons, B006/BO54
and Its Investigation at E ?max < 100 Mev
in Ref. 7. In chapter I, they describe the operation of the quantum meter
and the theory of transition curves, and discuss its use for energy flux
measurement. The design of the quantum meter is illustrated in Fig. 2,
and the instrumental factor (for argon, CO , and air filling) is thorough-
ly calculated. Table 3 compares the theoreilcal and experimental in tru-
mental factors (for argon and air) in 1018 Mey/coulomb units. Cha pt:r II
describes the methods and results of the authors' experiments. F Ig. 6
shows the experimental arrangement. First, the authorsstudied the de-
pendence of the sensitivity of the quantum meter on a parallel shift of
its axis with respect to the beam axis (Curve 1, Fig. 7). The curve ob-
tained is symmetrical, and shows a minimum when displaced by about 7 cm-
For comparison, the authors give the curve measured by Wilson at
Eimax - 800 Mov (Curve 3), as well as the curve obtained from an improved
quantum meter; this curve (2) shows no minimum. The diagram of Fig. 8
illustrates the sensitivity of the instrument as a function of the angle
of rotation round the beam axis. Fig. 9 shows I K/lC - B(E 7max )/A, where
IK/IC is the ratio of the currents of the quantum mete- and of the stand-
Card 2/4

8456h
5 A Quantum'Mster for Measuring the Bremsetrahlung S/05 60/030/011/009/009
Energy Flux Prom^,Betatrons and Synchrotrons) B006YB054
and Its Inveollgillon at E < 100 Mev
11 Imax
0 ard; B(Eymax) ie the constant of the standard for a given E,M,Xl and
A is the instrumental factor of the quantum meter (Table 3). Finally,
the results are discussed in chapter III. The most important 'result of
experiments made in the range Eymax - 53 4 85 Mev was that A showed
a very email energy dependenoet even at lower energies. At Elmax - 300 Mev,
for example, A is only 4.5% smaller than at Eymax - 85 mev. Some explana-
tions are offered for the increase of A with decreasing E I. Tamm
Ymax
iand S. Z. Belsn'kiy are mentioned. There are 9 figures, 3 tableoland
20 references: 5 Soviet,and15 US.
ASSOCIATION: Fiziko-tekhnicheskiy inatitut AN SSSR Leningrad
(Institute of Physics and Technology of the AS USSR.-
V) Leningrad)
SUBMITTED: March 25# 1960
Card 3/4
-Al

84564
A Quantum Meter for Measuring the Bremestrahlung S/05 60/030/011/009/009
Energy Flux From Betatrons and Synchrotronsj B006YB054
and Ito Investigation at E 100 Mev
Imax
0
mr
4 r
~O
Fig, 6: Experimental arrangement
T - synchrotron tazgetl a - lead ohioldl KJ1- collimatorl M monitor
~q (4.0 g/cm4 A1)j mr- magnet which purifies the quantum beam from electrons;
X - quantum meterl 0 standard ionization chamber.
Card 4/4
R

dw-
KRUGLOV, S. P. and Phy -Math Sol, -- "Comparison of ionizing and oalorimetrio
t~ ~14u~ I
measurementa of 0-i -radiation energy trom electronia aceeleratores"
Lon, 1961 (Radium Inst im V. 0. Khlopin, Acad Soi USSR). (KL, 1-61, 183)
_19-

3/058/63i/000/002/007/070
A059/A101
AUMORS: Kruglov, S. P., Lopatin, 1. V.
TITLE. Determination of the energy dissipation of a I-beam from the
absoroer of a calorimeter for E 'r-max , 85 Mov.
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal, Flzika, no. 2, 1963, 70, abstract 2A4!)7
(In collection: "Elcktron. uskoriteli", Tomsk, Tomskly un-t.
1901, 192 - 202)
TEXT: The nature and the magnitude of the energy dissipation of a 'r-beam
from the absorber of a calorimeter are studied. See also RZhFlz. 1962, 5B44.
(Abstracter's notei Complete translation]
Card 1/1

KRUGLOV, S.P.
Comparison of ionization and calorimetric measuremento of an
energy flux of brawastrahlung from a synchrotron. Zhur,*
tekh. f12. 31 no.9:1092-2103 3 161. (HIM 24:8)
1. Fizito-tekhnichookiy inatitut imeni A.F. Ioffe AN SSSR,
Leningrad.
(Bremetrahlung)
(Synchrotron)

250
3/057 61/031/007/01Vq21
B1047B2206
4,,(,a40
-*UT~Ro~ Kruglov, S. P. and Lopatin, I. V.
TITLE4 Electron spectrum forming in light substances through
bremostrahlung with E 80 Mev
:&ax
PERIODICALs Zhurnal teikhnicheskoy fiziki, v. 31, no. 7, 1961# 076 887
TEXTs The authors describe a method for the,calculation of electron
spectra of light substances. Introduction and first paragraphs deal with
the measurement of the energy flux of r radiation according to Bragg-gray
(L. H. Gray, Proo. Roy, V,)c., 156Ai 579t 1936)' and determination of the
spectrum of the eleotronu developi4 in the substance. The behavior of
the electrons and photons in the substance in which cascade showers dev
-d ot th
op, is described by the complicated integro ifferbntial equations
cascade theory. Exact solutions of these equations are not known, and
approximations by S. Z. Belenlkiy (deceased) and 1. P. Ivanenko (UPN,
624, 1959) are referred to.- Since the energy, beginning from which the
cascade processes clay an importantpait, is the' greater the lower the
atozic number, these procesues may be neglected for 14ght substances

MEMBER

3/05 61/031/007/019/021
Electron spectrum forming... B104YB2o6
(graphite, water, aluminum)t if the energy of the photons and electrons
does not exceed some ten Mev. In this case the electron spectrum may be .40~
ddtermined by calculating the initial energy distribution of the al6otrons
produced through jr-radiation by taking their moderation into account.
L6, 419, 1954) proposed such a calculation which is$.'
H. Brysk (Phys. Rev.,
.
however, complicated and requires much time. Brysk et d. (Am. J. Roent-
genol., Radium Therapy, 74, 323, 1955) gave a simplifica-tion of this methodo
The authors develop a method for calculating the electron spectra in light
substances, following the method developed by D. Va-Cormarol: et al. (Brit.,
J. Radiol., 25, 3699 19521 Nucleonics, 12, no. 10, 40, 1954). The
authors obtain expression

N(E) N '(to) N (Ej dE,.
dEO (3)

for the energy distribution of the electrons where Sz in the total
moderating power of the substance in Mev/cm. The ap4otrum by L. I. SAiff:
(Phys. Rev., �J, 25?, 1951) was used for calculating the initial energy
distribution of the electrons (Fig. 1). Fig. 2 shows the dependences of
the differential croBs sections of the Compton effect (curve 1) and those
Card 2/6

25036
S/C)57/61/051./007/019/021
hl-ctron np,~ctrum forming.,. B100206
of pair formation (rurve? ?) in aluminum on the photun -rnergy at -fixed
electron energy, CurvF? 5 it; ttv, sum of tho t-fic ,ross 13f-ctions, i. P-, it
gives in Mev the total number 11 (Ec"I hi)) of the Plectr,.)na and poflitrons
of a givl?n enprgy E,,, which ar- prorlij,-d by ,tie photon rir I cm 2. From
thiu tho total numbf!r of fAoct,rorin L-4 lhd-n c-11k:Ulatf'A Wil'ti
K T!wk
h V) 11 ~ Y,, , h 9) itt)). Th,!, e ra 1) h t I 1 -1 rm I n ~, .1 -oi I i ic 3 -1 f I n t, og ra I a
hp,
e.
of 01- fonn N ( E'l 9 W,Jh9 ar-, qjvpr, in a labl,--- with the aid of
which rhe initini erivrgy iiistribution of tho cleAtong pruillir~ed in
graphito and aluminlim bv %Any 1-rarjia~ion w,~h th,~? maximtim -ri.~rgy of 80
Mev~ may b~- calnulati,rj. The n,jtht_,r~, f,irther ~h- wo9kening of
th- r- rvitatirin with ppn~,tration Iopth wh~-ri -akiilating the
Pn-rgy disfrillutit,n of the r,--p,:. Thi! ~ riiaisit i,Jr: i,7, ,b.5ijm.!d to
change -xponfiz.Ailtlly with thi. J-~O~h. In thin tio, auth~,rs refer
Cari
7_77-

Elor~trori spectrum forming ...
2';') 3 ()
to G. Whtt#-Grodatein (NDS ciiruInr, ~85, 191~7). F lov 1, giv-) R graphical
represontatic.in ef th., ow rgy (I j Dt r ibut. ,onu ,I* t tio ~ I,,(, It orm 3 ft I W111,10UH
,1,~pths in Al and graphitf!, calrulatf-d I%y fc~rmula 11). Th-, rolt-1101-:3 thank
Professor A. P. Komar for tht! nill 7. I*c..r ~tss-kstanca
with the cal-.Oaticow- Th-rs~ i.~Y- nnl _I-) Y-f-rt?ncesi
5 Snvi4~--blo,7! and 24 non S(lvii,,' V
ASSOCIATIM F17iko-t(-ktmjrjj_-v,~,jy j-i.,;fjt-jt im A I-ffo AN 3SSR
Loningi-nd A F 1~.ffo,
AS I '3S R 1--n * rw t - i
.1
SiFBYTM:Dt Auglist
Card 4/6
.7

S/05~7E2~C 31/012/007/013
B
J, B104 B112
~H
A
U 0 Xruglo-v,_S._ P..
TITLE: Comparison of ionization and calorimetric measurements of the
energy flux of synchrotron bremestrahlung. II
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal tekhniche9koy fiziki, v. 31, no. 12, 1961t 1451-1461
TEXT: In a previous paper (S. P. Kruglov, ZhTF, XXXI, no. 9, 1092# 1961)l
the author compared results of bremostrahlung measurements by the Indirect
ionization methodl with those achieved by the direct calorimetric one.
The determination of ionization current curves in a slotted ionization
chamber, as proposed by W. Blocker et al. (Phys. Rev., 12, 419, 1950),
was shown to give much smaller values of the bremostrahlung energy flux.
The following potential causes for the deviation are examined: 1) energy
losses from radiation leakage and photonuclear reactions; 2) under-
estimation of ionization losses due to electron scattering out of the
chamberl 3) inapplicabilitr of the Bragg-Gray principle. The relevant
corrections are determined. In light elements, the deviation was found
to result from the neglect of the radiation leakage from the absorber and
Card 1/3

31721
B/057/61/031/012/007/013
Comparison of ionization and... B104/B112
by enerly consumed in photonuclear reactions. In elements with higher
(Pb, Cu , the deviation is caused by a wrong consideration of the
ionization losses from lateral electron scattering. New measurements
were made with a so-called extrapolation chamber with continuously
variable gap. 'With itt lateral electron scattering could be determined
very exactly. Bearing in mind the radiation leakage and photonuclear
reactions, the results agree well with those of calorimetric measurements.
The quantometer proposed by Re Re Wilson (Nucl. Instruments, .1, 101, 1957)
-was of great importance for the measurements. Professor A. P. Komar in
thanked for interest and help, I. V. Lopatin for help with the
.measurements, and the leader of the synchrotron team for cooperation.
There are 8 figures, 2 tables, and 18 references: 3 Soviet and 15 non-
Soviet. The four most recent references to English-language publications
read as follows; He We Koch, J. M. Wickoff, Phys. Rev., 117, 1261, ig6o;
We Re Dixon, Can. J. Phys., 31, 785, 1955; Proceedings of the Third
Annual Rochester Conference, December, 18 - 20, p. 23 and 26, 1952; R. L.
Walker, J. G. Teandale, V. Z. PeterBon, J. I. Vette. Phys. Rev., 21, 210,
1955-
Card 2/3

.41
I
S/057/ 1 031/012/007/013
Comparicon of ionization and... B100112
ASSOCIATION: Fiziko-tekhnicheakiy institut im. A. F. loffe AN SSSH
Leningrad (Physicotechnical Institute imeni A. F. Ioffe
AS USSR, Leningrad)
SUBMITTED: October 3, 1960
Card 3/3

S/057/62/032/011/012/014
B104/B102
AUTHORS: Kruglov, S. P., and Lopatin, I* V.
TITLE: A study of the energy leakage of a bremastrahlung ray from
tho absorber of a calorimeter. II.
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal tokhnichaskoy*fizikivv- 32, no. 11, 1962, 1599-1403
TEXT: In Part I of this paper (S. P. Xruglovt I. V. Lopatin, ZhTF, 30,
424, 1960) the angular distrioution of the energy leakage from absorbers
of length I - 120 mm and diameters D - 55, 75, 95, and 120 mm was studied
for an energy of E-,M.x 85 Mev. The diameter of the ray on the surface
of the absorber was d 35 am, in some measurements it was 20, 45, 60 or
80 mm. Now the same experimental arrangement is used to determine thm
dependence of the energy leakage from a cylindrical lead absorber as a
-function of its diameter and of its length for different values of E,m.x
(Figs. 2 and 4). Using these results, the energy leakage from absorbers
of different lengths is represented in Fig- 5 as a function of the energy
leakage from an absorber of length 120 mm. The curves enable the energy
Card 1/5

S/057/62/032/011/012/014
A study of the energy leakage.... B104/B102
leakage of different absorbers to be estimated if that of an absorber
120 mm, long is known. Absorbers shorter than 60 mm are found to be
unsuitable. The fraction of the ray energy carried away by the
transmitted component is estimated on ths basis of the papers of L. 1.
Schiff (Phys. Rev., 83, 252, 1951) and G. White-Grodstain (NBS Circular,
No- 583, 1957) (Fig. 6). An experimenter developing a calorimiter has to
determine thooo absorber dimensions that will guarantee a given energy
leakage. For this purpose a large number of diagrams based on the
results obtained are given, supplying the desired dimensiona for a lead
absorber with different & ymax (50, 85 and 300 Rev). There are 7 figures.
ASSOCIATION: Fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut AN SSSR ims As Fe Ioffej
Leningrad (Physicotechnical Institute AS USSR imeni A. P.
Ioffe, Leningrad)
SUBMITTED: June 15, 1961 (initially)
October 30, 1961 (after revision)
Fig. 2. Energy leakage as a function of the absorber diameter. Legend:
The curves 1 to 5 refer to the ray diameter of 209 35, 45, and 80 am.
Card 2A

584
8/02 62M 02/008/018
5/0
B17SYBI04
AUTHORS: Komar, A. P., Acadelnioi&n AS UkrSSR, Krugloy, S. P., and
Lopatin, 1. V.
TITLE: Sensitivity determination of a quantometer for energies of
15-300 Idev
PERIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Doklady, Y. 145, no. 20 1962, 309-311
M
TEXT: A quantometer is used to measure the area ST i(t)dt bounded by
0
the ionization current i(t) and produced by I-Lrradistion of a body. This
area is proportional to the energy current
- 6
U -2 S
69 T
where ,)is the energy consumed for the production 9f ion pairs; * is the
electron chargel is the mean ionisation losel 6 2 Is the density of the
matter; and 6 9is the density of the gas. The value of 8 as determined
Card 1/3

Sensitivity determination of a...
S/020J62/145/002/008/018
3178/B104~
with a quantometer for Emax > 100 Nov differs from S by I %. In thAs casel
the sensitivity of the instrument is 0 . I . -f. ~Z -!-, where X0 is the
V (jQ 63 X0
plate diameter of a multiplate ionization chamberp and ; is the mean
spacing of the plates. At energies of --* 100 Nov# 0 ronaini constant. Tor
6
very low energies, C* - -1- --4 -1- -L and q increases by 2.5 % as
W~ 6 ZXO ST
Emax drops from -100 to'15 Nov. Yor these energies it is necessary to
compare 'the data with a calorimeter. The experimental arrangement is
shown in Fig. 1. The curves obtained for the sensitivity of the quantometer
are normalized using experimental data, ana the sensitivity can thus be-
represented an a functio:6 of 3max in V&P range 15-3W May. The error is
less than 10 There are 4 figure$*
Card 2/3

S/02 62/145/002/008/018
,Sensitivity determination of a... B178YB104
ASSOCIATION: Fiz1ko-tekhn?icheskiy inatitut im. 1. P. Ioffe ALkademii nauk
SC-SR (Physiootoohnioal Institute imeni A. 1P. Ioffs of the
Q
Academy of Scienoes USSR)
SUB."UTTED: April 14, 1962
%i
Card 3/3
$
Fig. 1

L 17334-63 EWT(m)/BDS' AFFTC./ASD/AwL AR
ACCESSION NR: AP3004889 S/0120/63/000/004/0053/0058
'i AUTHOR: Krugloy, S. P.al JMatiq, I. V.
TITLE: High- s ens itivity calorimeter for measuring enerily flux of
bremostrablung up to 10 sup -5 v
1 SOURCE: Pribory*i t
ekhnika eksperimenta, no. 4. 1963, 53-58
TOPIC TAGS: calorimetert bremostrahlung, energy flux
ABSTRACT: The calorimeter is intended for measuring weak bremostrahlung
from betatrons and synchrotrons. The article describes the following design and
development points: 2 x 10-6 to 2 x 10-s' w energy to available for the abiorber of
a thermistor-type differential calorimeter; two 7. 5-cm-diameter. 8-cm-long
cylindrical lead absorbers are used. the absorbers are heat-Insulated and placed
into a thermostat-controlled oil bath: Wheatstone -bridge measuring circuit is
used; calibration, errors, and corrections for incomplete absorption of the beam
ellrY., lVial"" ~4 -iW-11;~- 1j, I.,
P~'

'ACCESSION NR: AP3004889
"Theputhors are thankful to
by the calorimeter; techniques of measurement.
A. P,-KEmar for discussing the project and making a number of valuable com-
ments, and to V. M. Suvorov for his help with the experimental work on the
synchrotron. " Orig. art. has: 6 figures, 8 formulas, and I table.
ASSOCIATION: Fiziko-technicheekly Institut AN SSSR (.Physico-Technical
Ynatitute. AN SSS
SUBMITTED: 09Aug62 DATE ACQ: 28Aug63 INCL: 00
1 SUB CODE: NS NO REF SOV: 006 OTHER: 003
lCard

L 18474-63 EW(M)/13DS A"TC/ABD
!XCESSIONN AP3'k05500 S/0057/G3/033/008/O9d9/0053
A Lrl-, I GR: .1t. 11. Xxruglov , S. P. ; Lo p at in, L V.
TIMX. with a "!;tandard'I ionization chamber
cnargy measurement
'01;121;: Zhurnal tc1dinichoalmy fiziki, v.33, no.8, l9C3j 3,119-01.3
I:cp--c OnO.-Z.", moasurommit, 1;i=ia-ray , Lransstrahlung, ionization chamber,
standard instrwant
A:,'jT;L%CT-, Tho "alandard ionization clia:,ib,,~r in a ai;aplu 130 zin diamator cylindri-
Cal with coppar ond plotas that wns built *and calibrated at the Physical-
Institute, Lunin.-rad, with thv intention that it be copied elsewhere and
employed, with tho Luningrad calibration, ns a secondary standard for the measure-
nont of the onorgy flim in collimated gi,.;2-ray boars. The construction of the cham-
ber is shown in tho 1~nclosura. Tho Instrument Vas calibrated against a caloriziatcr,
usim, sync',.rotron b.-c.,isatrahIun[;, over t:ia rar,,;a from 15 to 00 MeV. TI-e scnsitivi-
ty is about 2:.!O-j'9 coulo;,.b/.~:cV nnd varics by abo-.tt over t.iis ranr,c. The
liitivity aloo vnr!Q5 sli_,-htly with tho b--.-ua di;=.Ltor, drop7,inG by about 5'16 ns the
1;n-a-i 4.1ia;.~otQr is i4ticronsed from small valLics to It- =. The napor also briefly
Card

L 18147h-63
instrmient, consivAn.,; of rt standard capacitor ard an elect;-onic
for wa!;urijij; the cur.-wit. "Tho authors express thoi:*
Vratitude to V.S.1.31mv, I.P.I,ly*suv, V.M.S,-wor~w, 1.,'..Pronin and Yu.X.Poroskolxo,,,
r- '
Nk,;io participated I'l tile measuromonta. Orig..u.,t.has: G figures.
1~1;30C 1 IT I (Y,;: :'ivJ'~~o-taldinichoskiy
Whyslico-technical
lllll~'TED: :;~)Jlllllil
Ct
Cord 24',
im, '. It ut i,,. A. Z. I of f o -Ul SSSR, Leningrad
Inntituto, AN SS!;;.)
AM ENCL: 01

KOMAR, A.P.; U~GLOV, S.P.; IDPATIN, J.V,
Comparison of absolute energy measurements in a beam of
bremBetrahlung conducted in laboratories of various countries.
Zhur. eksp. i teor. fiz. 45 no.3:824,-825 S 163. (KERA 16s10)
1. Fiaiko-tekhnicheakiy institut imeni A.F. loffe AN SSSR.
(Bremastrahlung-Measuisment)

ACCESSION NR: AP4018371 s/012o/64/000/001/0088/0090-*""-
AUTHOR; Kruglov, S. P.; Lopatin, 1. V.
TITLE: DArapolation ionization chamber for high-energy gamma-ray
measurements
SOURCE: Pribory* I tekhnika ekaperimenta no. 1, 1964, 88-90
TOPIC TAGS: ionization chamber, extrapolation Ionization chamber,
bremostrahlung spectrum. absorbed energy, aboorbed energy depth distribution,
Ionization chamber variable*aIr gap
ABSTRACT: A new extrapolation chamber Intended for mcaouring Ionization vs.~
airgap relations in described; It was used for measurements with 15-85 May
br eras strahlung. The chambqr gap Is adjustable within 45-1 mm, with a etting
error of -
0. 03 mm or legs, which permits extrapolation of j)pccifIc Ioniz:tIon,
down to a zero airgap, The chamber permits varying the thickness of test
.Card

ACCESSION NR: AP4016371
material from I to 450 mm (isao Encloeure 1). The chamber allowed a clarificas
tion of the cause of a discrepancy between the garnma-quanturn energy measured
by the calorimeter method and same measured by ionization -cur rant vs.
thickne9o,of,materlal curve8o lohization lonnan were misjudged because of the
lateral scattering of electrons which reoulted in an energy stream under -
estimated by 25% and 15% for Pb and Cu, reopectively. "The authors wish to
thank A.'P. Xomar and V. N. Dy*nlkov for their asnistance in developing the
chamber.-" Orig. art, hats Z figures.
ASSOCIATION: Fiziko-takhnicheakly inotitut AN SSSR (Physico -Technical
Institute, AN SSSR)
SUBMITTED: .17Jan63 .'DATE ACQ: IOMar64 ENCL: 01
SUB CODE: NS NO REF SOY: 002 OTHERv 003
Crd