SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT KRISHTAL, M.A. - KRISHTALIK, L.I.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000826510016-2
• Release Decision: RIF
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• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Sequence Number: 16
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

LHISHUL.-H.A.; GORYACHEV, B.A.
FXfect of 4olding during the irduction tempering of low-carbon
Oteel. Isv. vysI. ucheb. zav.; chern. not. 5 n0.9117&179 162.
(KM 15:10)
1. Tullskly melthanicheskiy iutktut,
(Stse:L-Heat treatment)

S/126/62/014/002/oo6/ol8
EIII/E192
AUTIIORS: Krifihtal, M.A., and ~Jokrov, A.P.
TITLE: Data processing in reaction diffusion
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, v.14, no.2, 1962,
200-204
TEXT: A getieral method of determining diffusion
coefficients is described and applied to molybdenum and tungsten
solutions in a- and y-iron. The method is especially interesting
for elements forming substitutional solid solutions in a- and
y-iron, arid relates to the situation where an a-phase layer grows
through diffusion on the y-phame specimen. The-diffusi~n
specimens were prepared from electrolytic iron arid alloys of
Fe + Mo if/w W, and Fe + 1.90,,j w1w Mo, respectively. The method
of' melting and annealing was described in MI, v.12, no.3, J961,
389. For tungsten the diffusion coefficient in a-iron was
9.6 x 1.0- 11 cm/sec at 1090 aC and 3.2 x 10-9 at 1280 'C; ill
y-iron 5.6 x 10- 11 at 1090 *C and 1.4 x 10- 9 at 1250 OC; for
Card 1/2

S/l26/62/O14/0o2/oo6/o1(j
Data procesming in reaction ... Elll/E192
molybdenum the values were 7.0 x 10- 12 at 800 and 3.3 x 10-9 at
1250 OC in alpha, the values in gamma being substantial3y the samc
as for a-iron. The activation energy for diffusion of tung.4; -,n
in a- and y-iron was 71.0 and 81.0 kcal/f atom, respec~iv(.j-,, .!%,a I'_..
the entropy change 17 and 23 cal/g atom. C. respectively. For Mo
the diffusion activation energy is 57.0 kcal/g atom in both a-
and y-iron, the entropy-changc values being 9 cal/g atum. ,C.
There are 2 figures and 2 tables.
ASSOCIATION: Tullskiy mekhanicheskiy institut
(Tula Mechanical Institute)
SUBMITTED: October 20, 1961, initially, and
~jarch 20, 1962, after revision.
Card 2/2

S/126/62/014/006/013/020
E193/E383
AUTHOILS: --Xr-taht a' bi.Ai- and Golovin, S. A.
TITLE: Internal friction of hardened steel
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, ve 14, no, 6,
1962, 913 - 916
TEXT: A widely hold opinion is that the internal-friction
peak observed at about 200 OC in heat-treated or work-hardened
steel is associated ifith the diffusion of interstitials (mainly
carbon and nitrogen) to the regions of dislocations formed during'
or thermal treatment. Since the Increase in strength
due to either treittment is determined mainly by the density and
mobility of dislocations, there should.be a direct relationship
betwsen the characteristics of the internal-friction peak at
200 C and the mechanical properties of hardened steel. It was
in order to check this hypothesis that the present investigation
was undertaken. Using both published and original experimental
data, the present authors have constructed curves showing the
increase in the UTS of steels 5, 50 and '/7i-so(U7A) as a function
of either the height or the area of the 200 C peak. Typical
Card 1/3

S/126/62/014/oo6/ol3/020
Internal friction .... E193/E383
results, which confirmed the authors' hypothesis, are shown in 2
Figs. 4 and 5- In Fig. 4, the increase in thf UTS (,~Ao-, kg/mm
of steel 5 is plotted against the height (Q_ o ) of the peak
202,Ccles,
studied; the experimental points, denoted by r triangles.
and dots, relate to specimens hardened, respectively, by a) quen-
ching and furnace-tempering; b) stire-draving and c) quenchin 2d
Xn Fis- 5, /_N0-(R mm
tempering by passag6 of' electric current. g~ )
of the,same spaoimons of xteell 5 it plottod againat tho area . I/
(5, rtwi-) of tho internal-friction peak. The most interesting fact
revealed by these graphs is that points obtained for specimens
hardened by thermal and mechanical tr,,eatment lie on the same curves*
This indicates that the nature of the hardening processes in both
types of treatment are basically the same and throws new light on
the mechanics of thermomechanical treatment. There are
5 figuross
ASSOCIATION: Tullskiy mekhanicheskiy institut
(TulA Mechanics Institute)
SUBMITTED., May 25, 1962
Card 2/3

PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/6510
Krishtal, N. A.
Diffuzionnyye proteessy v zheleznykh splavakh (Diffusion Processes
in Iron Alloys) Moscow, Metallurgizdat* 1963. 277 p. Errata
-ilip inserted, 2500 copies printed.
Ed.: A. A. Zhulkhavitskiy; Ed, of Publishing House; L. M. Gordcn;
Tc-~h. Ed.: 0. P. Obukhovskaya,
F-t-IR-LOSE: This book Is Intended for scientific research workers and
-:,n,31nners investigating diffusion and diffusion processes. It
may also be aseful to engineerF specializing In heat treatment
of metals,
'JOVERAGE: The book describes methods applied to determine diffusion
,I,oefficients and gives specific values for a number of _Jfon-lase
alloys. Various mechanisms of diffusion are reviewed. The book
1-!~uludes data on diffusion mechimism; Kirkendall effect; formation
,,-.f porosity in body-centered J1.-.,a and its alloys; and the effect
.,.-f -allcylng elements on parameters of diffusion of carbon,,
G,117d

DiJiiA.r_-,Isn Processes (Cont.)
SOV/6510
va,;anoies, and elements which form substitutional solutions
iki binary, ternary., and quaternary alloys. Methods of deter-
mination of the concentration of vacancies are reviewed and
peT'Anent data for a number of alloys are presented. The
--rfeot of alloying elements on diffusion and self-diffusion
ir. iron alloys is discussed. The calculation and sthtistical
developed for establishing the llmltirg factors 1n
~..--'qple.x diffusion processes takIng place Ir. iron alloys during
the-ir heat treatment and thermochemioal treatment are described.
The author thanks Professors B, Ya. Fines., A. A. Zhukhovitakiy.,
and 1. L. Mirkin. Each chapter is accompanied by references,
mG3tly Soviet.
TABI-8 OP CONIENTS
5
Introduction 7
Gard 2/ 5

Diffu3ion Frocesses (Cont.) sov/6510
1. Theory of Diffusion in Metals and Interstitial or
Substitutional Solid Solutions l;
1. Diffusion mechanism 1
2, Diffusion parameters 54
Ch. 11. Methods of Determining Dirfuolon Coefficients 78
Analytical method
2. Tagged-atom method
j
3. Me tall ographic Methods 92
4. Meth3ds of detexmJz&g va=M carAntration An 13xn allcys 105
1"I. Diffusion of Carbon and Other Elements Forming
Interstitial Solutions In Austenite and Ferrite 114
1. Diffusion of .-arbon In austenite 114
2. Diffusion of qarbon in ferrite 117
3. Diffusion of carbon In alloyed austenite 122
4. High and low temperature diffusion of carbon
in austenite of annealed and quenched specimens 144
Card 3/5

Diffusion Processes (Cont.)
5. Diffusion of carbon in alloyed ferrite
Q. Diffusion of nitrogen., boron., and hydrogen inlron
7. Vc-chanism of tb* effect of alloying elements on
the di 1. carbon in Iron
ffuaion C
~W. Self-diffusion in Austenite and Ferrite
1. Self-dlrfuBion in unalloyed iron
2. Effect. of alloying elements on the self'-diffusion
,if iron
3. Concentration of vacancies in iron and its alloys
4. Determination of coefficients of vacancy diffusion
in alloys
5. Mechanism of the effect of alloying elements on
vacancy diffusion In austenite
Ch. V. DiMsion of elements Forming Substitutional
Soltition In Iron
Sov/65lo
14
M
157
167
167
172
176
194
202
212
Coard 4/5

Diffusion Proceseds (Cont.) SOV16510
1. Diffusion parameters of certain elements 212
2. Effect of alloying elements cn the diffusion
of tungsten and molybdenum in iron and its alloys 220
3. Diffusion of several elements from the same source 2.'-01
Ch. V1. Kinetics and Mechanism of Certain Diffusion
Processes in Iron Alloys 246
1. Determination of the limiting element of diffusion
Involving processes with a known functional relation-
ship between the process and the diffusion rates 246
2. Determination of the limiting element of diffusion
involving prooesses with an unknown functional ,
relationship between the process and the diffusion
ra.tes 272
AVA31AYJM: Library of Congress
SUBJECT: Metals and Metallurgy
ND/z /,eb
C ard 5/5 2/4/V14

S/148/63/000/001/012/019
B071/E151
AUTHORs Kriahtal, M.A.
TITLE: Microdefects of diffusion layers in iron alloys
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniyo
Chernaya metallurgiyal4no.1, 1963, 111-116
j
TEXT: The structure of the diffusion layers formed by the
diffusion of molybdenum into iron and its binary alloys was studied
In order to confirm the possible occurrence of diffusion porosity
in body centred iron phases, and to determine conditions necessary
to minimize this porosity. Electrolytic iron and its binary
alloys containing 5% (atomic) of tungsten, chromium, vanadium and
silicon, with less than 0-004' of carbon, were used. Tungsten wire,.
0.07 mm diameter, or molybdenum foil 0.04 mm thick, was spot-
welded to specimens prepared by induction melting under argon,
followed by forging and homogenizing at 1200 OC for 20 hours*
L
Diffusion was brought about by annealing for '0-58 hours in sealed
quartz tubes under a vacuum of 10-4 mm Hg, followed by water
quenching. The structure of the diffusion layers was almost
identical at all temperatures, microscopical examination (X 2000)
Card 1/2

hicrodefects of diffusion layers... s/148/63/000/001/011/019
E071/E151
showing the absence of ititermetallic compounds. In the diffusion
zones of molybdenum and tungsten, diffusion porosity was observed
(minimum microhardness). Tungsten sharply Increased the diffusion
.of molybdenum and inhibited pore formation. The diffusion
porosity in the a-solid solution of molybdenum in iron, and the
l1near rate of advance of the porous zone with annealing time,
provide direct experimental proof of the vacancy mechanism of
diffusion in body centred iron. This was also confirmed by the
diffusion of chromium into iron.
There are 8 figures and 1 table.
ASSOCIATION: Tullskiy mokhanicheakiy institut
(Tula Mechanical Institute)
SUBMITTED; April 1, 1961

KRISHTAL, M.A.; FIRSANOV, I.I.; VA2M, Tu.I.; GOIDVIN, S.A.;
KAKS3MOVP S.K.
Mechanical properties of statically and dynamically defozmd
alloys. Pis, met. i metanoved. 15 No.2005-309 F 163.
1. Tullakiy makhanicheakiy inatitut. (MIRA 16:4)
(Allo"-Testirw)

KRISHTALV M.A.1 HDKRGVj A..?.
Mechanism of diffusion in body-centered iron. Fiz.zet.i netalloved.
15 no.3s456-459 Mr 163. ( M A 16W
1. Tullskiy nekhanicheskiy instituto '
(Crystal lattices) (Diffusion)

YMSETAL, M.A.; GORYAGHEV, B.A.
Characteristics of changes in the properties of hardened steel
during induction heating, Fiz. met. i met&Uoved. 15 no.6:
819-823 Je 163. (MIRA 16:7)
1. Tullakiy makhanichookiy inatitut.
(Steel-Testine) (Induction heating)

KRISHTAL, M.A.; BARANOVA, V.I.
Temperature dependence of vacancy concentration in iron-chromium,
iron-molybdenum alloy5. Fiz. met. i astalloved. 16 no-4:626-628
0 163, (KIRA l6tl2)
1. Tul'skiy mekhanicheskiy institut,

0/02 63/149/001/011/023 i
B I Oil XB 186
A7jj';OPS I Zhukhovitsklyj A. A.# Krizib-tal, 14. A.
"."ITME's On one case of a realization of the theoretical strength
PE"410DICALs Akademiya nauk SSSR. Doklady, v. 149, no. 1, 1963, 88 - 89
TIAT; Plantic deformation and 4estviction of metals and alloys occur'
usuully at tensions less than that obtained in tho theory of interatomic
bondi this divoreence is caused by the dislocationo. Here it is shown
+ h'- + + I" - ranGe P~L -++ 4' " "r-roLrt. --atiarl4l E; 4 6 deor"s-ed at N;
v.
decorm-ition rqtos. Whon the quency of deformation in within the
r--~ctrum of solid body vibrations tha enerey is accumul2tcd on the gliding~
Plan03 and destruction ensuas. If the ratc of F-,Koar deformation is greater
than the velo'nity of sound the OnerCy 1A dispersed along the gliding planem
it in poasiblo that in the rant;o of 3ubionic deforrnmtion ratea the Newton
!va io oatinfieds it in asnu.-,md that the energy r,~-,oval is proportional to-
*i,,: 2(-,u-!ro of the shear deformation rrit,!. The expreaclon v) - k?c~ for
t.-,Fj coefficient of viscosity may ba u9od for treating reoults obtained in
Card 1/2

S/'020/65/149/001/011/023
On a cage of a realization ... B104/B186
---%P~urirrv~nts using pulsation mothoda with great def ormition rates. Pere,
tho dcncity, c is the oound -,ilocity, 13 the lattice period and k
ic a factor.
;5(J,I;TIC.1N: Tullskiy mekhanicheskiy inatitut f"'ula 2echanical Inst
itute)
Tl--"D: OcII-obar 23, 10,621, by P. A. Rebinder, Academician
T~TD 00-obar 18, 1962

ACCESSION NR: AR4041607 S/0137/64/000/005/1040/IO41
SOURCE: Ref. zh. Metallurglya, Abs. 51242
AUTHOR: Krishtal, M. A.; Golovin, S. A.; Pudoveyeva, V. P.
TITLE: Measurement of threshold of cold brittleness of metal by method Of
internal friction
CITED SOURCE: Sb. Relaksats. yavleniya v met. I splavakh. M.,
Metallurgizdat, 1963, 120-122
TOPIC TAGS: cold brittleness, inetal, internal friction
TRANSLATION: Internal friction was Investigated at low temperatures (from
-90 to +200) of steel 5 and low-carbon steel (0.09% C); In' parallel was studied
a of given steels.Flat onmples (S) were attached contilever-wise and placed in
chamber cooled with liquid N Free oscillations of sample gave fast removal
of load applIed toward the enTof sample, Vibrograms of free osciliations of
Card l/ 2

ACCESSION NR: AR4041607
sample were recorded by optical method and processed by usualinethod. Values
of decrement were taken with maximal normal stressAr6 kg/mm . Temperature
dependences of internal friction were removed during heating of cooled chamber.
Sample of low-carbon steel before measurements was subjected to hardening
and subsequent plastic now by extension of 1516. Tin Interval from -30 to -75*
for this steel sharp lowering of Internal friction is observed, caused by man-
ifestration of cdd brittleness in steel. Measurements Of ak show its drop in the
same Interval of temperatures and confirm that the indicated temperatures are,
for given steel, the upper and lower thresholds of cold brittleness. Analogous
temperature dependence of internal friction is obtained for steel 5 preliminarily
annealed in vacuum at 100" for 1 hour. Data on change of inteinal friction. show
that upper threshold of brittleness for. steel 5 amounts to -750 and lower, to -900,
Results of measurements will agree with data on a k of a sample without notches.
The conclusion was made that by the method of Internal friction It is possible
rapidly and sufficiently reliably to show the upper and lower thresholds of cold
brittleness of ateel,
SUB 'CODE: MM ENCL: 00
Card 2/2

& A I "In kf;; IT. a v n e r -,j

4

t- U;
7 1-4
-3 0-11 lij

1 .1. ll~

ACCESSION NR: AT4040403 B/0000/63/000/000/0353/0356
AUTHOIL Krishtal, M.A.; Golovin, S.A.; Pudoveyova, V. P.
-TITLE: Energy dissipation in some alloys at low temperatures
'SOURCE: Nauchno-takhnicheakoyei3oveshchaniyopovoprosamkolebaniyauchotonrasseyanlya
energii. 4th, 1962. Rasseyanlye energii pri kolebanlyakh upruglkh Blatem.(Energy dissipation
during vibrations of elastic iystem); "dy* sovoshchantya. Kiev, 1zd-vo AN UkrSSR, 1963,
-353-356
TOPIC TAGS: steel No. 5. steel 35 GS, low carbon steel, cold biAttleness threshold, low
temperature energy dissipation, damping decrement, Impact toughness
ABSTRACT: Damping decrements in flat samples of steel No. 5 (vacuum annealed I hr.
'at 1000C), steel 36GS (normalized) and a low carbon steel (0.09% C, hardened, deformed
15%) were measured in relatlon to temperatures ranging from -100 to 20C (methodology do-
scribed). Analysis of the results obtained, placed the cold brittleness thresholds of thd three
named alloys at -75 to -90, -68 to -86 and -30 to -75C, respectively. Parallel measure-
ment of impact toughness produced closely corresponding results, especially for unnotchod
Card 1/2 .... ...

ACCESSION NR: AT4040403
'Bamples; the damping decrement method is therefore recommeilded for measurements of
cold brittleness thresholds. Orig.'art. has: 4 figures.
'ASSOCIATION; none
SUBMITTED: 23Nov63 DATE ACQ: 28May64 E N C L.-,' 00
~SUB CODE- MM NO REF SOV: 002 OTHER. 000
Card 2/2

KRISE.IAL, Mikhail Aronovich; FIGUZOV, Yueiy Vasillyevich; GOLOVIN-
Stanislav Aleks(ryovich; GARBER., A.I., prof., retsenzent
(Internal friction in metals and alloys] Vnutrennee trenie
v metallakh i splavakh. Moskva, Izd-vo Metallurgiia, 1964.
245 p. (MIRA 17:6)

jmgt&.2~~.
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-,LnnL of the mectianism
I h- 7111! MT-~

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KRISHTAL, M.A.; BAROOVA, V.I.
Peaks of Internal friotion in alloyed ferrite. Fiz, met, i metalloved,
18 no.3s464-467 5 164. (MIRA 171l1)
1. Tullskly politekbnicheakiy institut.

JAISHTAL, M.A.; DAVYPOV, Yu.i.; FORVAGHKV, V.D.
Local spectral method of the quantitative determination of carbon
in steel. Zav. lab. 30 no.8:950-952 164. (MIRA 18:3)
1. Tullskiy mekhanicheakiy institut.

"Zi-I
-. - -, w

t 12170-6 6 PWT (m)/EwP~ t)/EWPj TJP(c) JDIJ'OfIJG
ACC NR- A:16000175 UR/0148/65/000/009/0133/0138
AUTHOR: Krishtilt M. A.; Da"dov, Yu, 1.
ORG: Tula Polytechnic institute (Tullskty politakhnichaskiy institut)
TITLE: Effect of chromi Ind tungsten on the thermodMatc activit of carbon in
SOURCE: IVUZ. Chernays. metallurgiya, no* 9, 1965, 133-138
TOPIC TAGS: thermodynamic characteristic, carbon, iron base alloy, chromium
containing alloy, tungsten containing alloy, oustanite, metal bonding
ABSTMCT: Since the experimental determination of the activity of C in re alloys
usually infolves a time-consuming study of the equilibrium concentration of C in a
melt with a gaseous mixture (CO-CO 2 or CH -H2) of known composition, the authors of.
fer a quicker method of determialng,the r9itive activity coefficient (imett) of C
C
in multicomponent systems compared with the binary system Fe-C for which the C acti-
vities have been satisfactorily measured. Given the lama atomic concentrations ac
of G In iron and in alloy, f"-"t may be determined as follows:
C It
Card 1/2 C it a COZ4 ) NC - coast, ___UDC: 669.112*3*66-971

L 12170-66
ACC NRi AP6000175
where Smelt and aTO are the C activLties in the alloy and In Iron, respectively. The
C C
effect of Cr and W an the thermodynamic activity of Cin Fe-base alloys was invest-
igated in specimens containing up to 6.3% Cr and 11.6% W following their annealing at
950 and 1150*C.-It was found that the equistomic concentrations of Cr and V have a
virtually identical effect on the activity of C but their effect on the diffusion of
C differs greatly. For example, a 4% (at.) Cr concentration (3.7% by wt.) reduces the
effective diffusion coefficient D. In the alloy by 50% as compared with 0ain iron and
D of W (12% by wt.). by 90%. The corresponding changes in the true diffusion coeffL-
clent Dt of C are 10 and 80%, respectively. Hence, the retardation of the diffusion
of C in the presence of Cr is chiefly due to the effect of Cr on the thermodynamic
diffusion factor. Like Cr, W reduces the activity of C, but It reduces even further
the wbility of C atoms (kinetic factor), which to apparently attributable to the
greater increase in the bonding f~irces in austenite on alloying with W as com9ared
with Cr. Orig. art. has: 3 figures, 8 formula**
SUB CODE: 11, 20/ SM DATS: 23M&r65/ ORM an: 009/ OTH on: 004
t.. I*o_)
,4 2/2

FRTSHTALI, M,A,; DRAPKIN# B*Ft.
unit for the simultaneous determination of the slAsticity moduli,
aheart and vibration decrement within a wide temperature range.
Zav. lab. 31 no.11:1391-1393 165. (MIRA 19al)
1. Tul'skiy politekhnicheekiy institut.

ACC-rAtrI76-003307 SOURCE CODS: UR/0129/66/COO/001/0031/0042
AUTHOR:
Titenskiy, S. G.; Sirenko. T. A.
iORG: Tula Polytechnic Institute (Tul'skiy politekhnichaskiy institut)
TITLE: Embrittlement of austenitic stee in weldedigintaZ
q Y, 7771 ~ - "? i" , 11 1-1
SOURCE: Metallovedeniya i termicheakays obrabotka-metallov, no. 1, 1966, 37-42
TOPIC TAGS: austenitic steel, steam boiler, welded joint, brittleness, creep
mechanism, metal grain structure, solid solution / I Khl4Nl4V2H (E1257) austenitic
Cr-Ni steel
ABSTRACT: The authors present the results of an 4 nvestigation of the c.~,anges in the
structure and properties of lKhl4Nl4V2H((EI257)laustenitic Cr-Ni steell'in the welded-
-joint zones of boiler steam lines foll9;fngprolonged operation at steam parameters
of 580-585*C and pressure of 180 atm. The outside diameter of the steam line was 219t=
and the tube wall thickness, 27 mm. When originally delivered the tubes of this steel 11 - - _1
had an austenite structure with isolated inclusions of excess phases and a pronounced-
nonuniformity of grain sizes of austenite; this nonuniformity reduces the steel's ___
I opera tin&-qual i ties--and-eventual ly-leads- to--decompositidn-of _the__-y_-_s-ol1d so ution. As
!-the time of operation of the steemlines grows longer, grain-boun(_ triges
and leads to the formation of cracks and embrittlement in the near-oeld-zonet This con
UDC: 669.15-194:669.24126:620.178.2
I Cad

L 15704-66
ACC NR, AP6003307
be prevented by periodically repeating the heat treatmeni of the welded joints at
intervals of 18,000, 24,000 and 50,000 hr of operation of the steam lines: 1-hr auste-
nitizing at 1050-1100*C eliminates the internal stresses that had arisen during the
work of the steamline and thus increases relative elongation by 15% and impact
strength by 65%, thus roughly restoringthe original strength characteristics of the
steel.. This also leads to the dissolution of the excess phases previously forming at
the grain boundaries and within the grains, to a greater coherence between at~stenite
grains and to a sharp deteriorntion in the etchabili ~y of the steel, which is a sign
of increase in the bomogeneity of the solid solmtiontand of a restoration of the
steel's original structure. Origi art. has: 6 figures, 2 tables.
SUB CODE: 11, 13, 20/ SUBM DAM none/ ORIG REF: 004/ OM RIF: 000
r~,4 2/2 5yV--;

L 07891-67 NTH/ ItWW
,ACC NI. AP6024817 SOURCE CODF~ UR/0096/66/000/008/0027/00'
~Uvioftl Uish!tIl Mt As INctor of technical aciances, Professor); Kry7,b&noYjkiy&--,*r0
iv, A, (M-gimor))-sir -no T As Candidate of technical sciences); Titenskiy$ S, of 0
a 0_ r.
TI(6ndidate of too " c a
,ORG: Tula Polytechnic InstitutepTulaenergo (Tullskiy politekhnicheskiy institut
Tulaoneilfol
TITLEt Change in the struoture and nrtMffties of heat resistant steels in the IC
Ijoints of steam, *1 4 1 .. MaIAIA -- -- - X
-pipes
,SOURCEt Teploenergetikaj noo 8j 19669 27-31
austenitic steel,-
TOPIC TAOSSA heat resistant mtAelp,rhase transitionImetal heat treatment pip@,
elastic stress / IKhl8Nl2T Apstenitic steel, lKhl4Nl4V2M Aptenitic steel
ABSTRAM The article reports on't'he effect of length of -servidg and of subsequent
repeated heat treatment (pustenizing) on the structure, phase composition and
parameters of the crystal lattices as well as the elastic and strength characteristics#
of austanitic steels Types lKhl4n4V2M and IKhlBN12T. Steam pipes made of these
stoels, with an outside diameter of 220 mm and a wall thickness of 27 mm) were worked
up to the appearance of*failures in the zone around the joints, for different times
(from 18,000 to 50,000 hours) at a temperature of 5800C and a pressure of 180
atmospheres* Results.of the metallurgical aM structural analyses are shown in tabulAr
Card 1/2 uDat 62o.183,669.14.olO.45.621.791,053

L- 07891,-67.
ACC NRt AP6024817
and graphic form. It was found that the nonhomogeneity of the initial structure of
the austenite in the steels investigated lowers their use characteristics# Long
,service under extreme conditions brings about decomposition of the gamma s6lid
solution, and the separating out of secondary phases (complex alloyed carbistuj-&-l
intermetallic compounds;,and secondary ferrite); this is more intense in the zone
~-r-ouncf the joints. In the process of worki g the stoole) the elastic and strength
properties are improved5 but the ductilit lie decreased; this is a sign of coarsening
of the grain structure in the zone around the joints, and is one of the reasons for
failure of the steels. In operation with those ateelo under extreme comditions., there
are observed processes of shear and grain boundary diffusional creep*/-'In general, the
data from the metallo aRhic analyses Ithe tests of the mechanical propertiesj, and
tests of the io-ag term strength confirm the possibility of regenerating the structure.'
and properties of austenitic steels to values close to the initial one 11 and of
increasing their service life by periolic austenizing. Orige arts hast 8 figures
and 2 tabless
l
SUB GOD31 U/. IBM DATE t none/, (RIt) RM 005
Card 2/2

ACC NRt AN6032638 (A) Nonograph
UR/
Kx1sht;-,,,, Rll~hail Aronovich; PUrkin, Iosif Llvovich
Cree, and fracture or alloys (Polzuchest' I razrusheniye splavov)
i.bucow, Izd-vo "Hetallurgiya," 1966. 190 p. illus., biblio.
.5,000 copies printed.
TOPIC TAGS: iron alloy, lattice defect, dislocation migration,
creep mechanism,, alloy creep mechanism, metal heat treatment.,
alloy heat treatment, heat resistant material
PRUPOSE AND CUVERAGE: This book is intended for scientific workers
and engineers concerned with special alloys, and also for engineers
specializin., in metal and alloy heat treatment. The book contains
LO
Information on the changes in the structures and properties of
alloys, particularly of iron alloys, induced by prolon,~ed use at
high temperatures and stresses. The problem discussed appears to
be of considerable importance inasmuch as it Is connected with theo
and practices adopted for the use of heat-resistant materials in
power-machine buildingo aircraft and rocket production, and in some
other branches of industry. Different creep mechanisma specific
for prolonged use of alloys.at various levels of temperature and
stress are compared and respective quantitative kinetic principles
are discussed. Publications dealing with the change in the struc-
ture and properties of alloys under,the affect of prolonged use for
rnrA ') A UDC! hbQ-011-7

ACC NR: AY,6032638
many thousand hours are summarized., and ways of selecting the proper
alloying elements and structure of iron alloys suitable for work at
high temperatures and;stresses are indicated. The authors thank
Professor A. A. Zhukovitskiy for his valuable comments.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Foreword -- 5
Introduction -- 7
Ch. I. Crystal Lattice Defects at Creep and Failure of Metals and
Alloys -- 16
1. Spot defects in crystal lattice 16
Types of spot defects --'16 -
Fonnation of spot defects -- 19
Methods of evaluating the concentration and mobility of
vacancies -- 23
2. Dislocations -- 30
Geometrical features -- 30
Interaction and migration of dislocations -- 36
Interaction of dislocations between themselves and spot defects 41

AICC Nifi -14;
ld,.ratlon of dislocations in the zone of stresses at low and high
defon~iatlon rate -- 51
Ch, II. Diffusion Processes and A,,in(,, of ileat-Resistant Alloys 58
1. Principal lavis-governing diffusion processes at creep and
failure -- 58
Phenomanolo6ic and statistic theories of diffusion 59
JUrkendall and Frenkel effects -- 72
2. kii)C; mechanism and properties of multicomponent beat-
resistant alloys -- 84
Ch. III. Creep and R,ilure at Righ Temperature 106
1. Phenomenolo-ic theory of creep and delayed failure -- 106
2. 1.,echanism of the creep process -- 120
3. Idnetics in various mechanisms of the creep process -- 139
Mechanism of dislocation migration with Coltrell's atmospheres 139
E.echanism of diffusion creep -- 141
Specific features of creep in connection with plastic deformation
events -- 152
Mechanism of creep along grain boundaries -- 156
Dislocation mechanism of creep -- 160
4. Structural changes and certain specific features of the mechanism
of alloy failure at high temperature -- 170

ACC NRt 638
References -- 184
SUB CODE:11,W SUBM DATEt 2 lviay66/ ORIG REP: 141/ OTH REF: 105/
I Card 4/4

YR1.'-*,IITAI,lp -N.". inzh.
Homograms for determIning the coefficlent of heat roleann
dur!ng the lamanary flow of water In duuts. -'-iA(jutrotm1fi `0
no.53"2-33 Vq 164. (AURA 17A)

KRISHTALI, R.D.v inzh.
Nomogram for determining the coefficient of heat release by water
during boiling. Sudostroania 29 no.10:40 0 163. (MIRA 16:12)

KRISHTALI, V.D.
Nomogram for the determination of the logarithmic mean temperature
differencei Sudostroenie 28 no,7:37-38 JI 162, WIRA 1518)
(Heat exchangers) (Nomography (Mathematics))

KRISRTALI, N,D,, Inah.
A-1-JU,
Graphic calculation of heat transmission coefficients. Sudostroenie
29 no.7t27-30 Jl 163. (MIRA 160)
(Heat-Transmission)
(Marine engineering-Graphic methods)

KRISRTALI, O.P., dotmant
'l-,
Myri&poda In the K&Uev Biogeogmpblcal Preserve. N&uk.%&pJiSv.un.
8 no.6:13-26 149. 0= 9: 10)
(Kaney District--Kyriapoda)

KRISHTALI,O.P.[Kryebtall, O.P.]p doktor biol.nauk, oty. red.;
I---S NTKMVK, R.S., red, RIZM, V.P.[Pqzhko,, V.P.], red.;
KHOKHANOVSKATA, T.I.lMkbanovalka, T.I.], tekhn. red.
[Materials for studying the history and natural resources of the
Kanev PreservelMaterialy do vyvehennia istorii ta pryrody raionu
Kanivolkoho sapovidnyka. Kyiv, Vyd-vo Kyivalkoho univ., 1962.
151 P. (Kanev Preserve) (MIRA 16:1)

KRISHTALI, V. I.
Determining optimal Jules level in evaporating apparatuse Ss",prom, 27
no.9:23-24 '53. (VI-HA 6:11)
1. Gruppovaya laboratoriya Kurakogo sakhavoklotresta. (smar Inftstry)

KRISHTALI, V.I.
x .
Improving the operation of boiler units. Sakh. ~prom, 32 no,5-.29-31
My 158. (MIRA 11:6)
l.Kurskiy eakheyoklotreat.
(Soilers)

KRISHTALIO VVIO
wInformation bulletin on optimum thermal &M operating conditions
and therml control In best-st4g-ar factories." Reviewed by V.I.
Krishtall. Sakh. prow. 33 no.1:76-77 A '59- (MIRA 12:1)
(Sugar industry-lquipment and supplies)

U- --- - K- RI S -H-TAL I -- V-. -I -,- - - - - - -- - -
Nficient methods of burning liquid fuels. 5akhprom. no.4:45-49
Ap 16o. (MYRA 13:8)
1. Gruppovaya laboratoriya Kurskogo sovnarkhosa.
(Idquid Iluels) (Heat engineering)

KRISHTAV, V.1,
Improvement of the condensate system. Sakh.prom. 34 no.6:58-59
Je '60, (MIRA 13:7)
1, Gruypovaya laboratoriya Karskogo noynarkhoza.
(Karsk--sugar manufacture)

ACC NRi' AT6030871 SOURCE CODE: LR/0000/66/000/000/0176/0180
IAUTHOR: Krishtall, V. Z.-, OstAanu, V. N.
ORG: none
NITLE: Synthesis of relay systems which we Insensitive to component defects and dis-
!tortions of the input excitations
6: Moscow. Institut avtomatiki I telemakhanLki. Abstraktnaya I struktumaya teo-
releynykh ustroystv (Abstract and structural theory of relay devices). Moscow,
o Nauka, 1966, 176-188
TAGS: system reliability, statistic method, boolean algebra, boolean function,
tatic analysis
SiUCT: It is assumed tbat'the relay system is insensitive to d failures of a car-
in type, if for r failures of the type (C ;S r ;S d) the system realizes a given algo-
thm accurately and that there will be at least one (d + 1) th failure of the same
pa which will cause the system to realize incorrectly the same algorithm. The fail-
a of two state system elements may be defined as I - 0. or 0 - 1. The failuro of
a system is defined as an incorrect realization of the value of the variables it is
rther assumed that the distortion of the input signals and the failures of the am-
nents are independent and that failures of a given type have identical probability

Xed-N 8 71
of bccvrmnce. The failure is said to be symetrical. if the probability of 1 -* 0 in
equal I-o the probability of 0 4 1, and nonsymmetrical, if the converse is true. The
terms 4-stable system, and (do,dl)-stable system are defined as describing systems in-
sensitive to d symmetrical failures, and -those insensitive to do and di nonsymmetrical
failur---s respectively (do + dI a d). The following cases are consideredt. Synthesis
of d-stable relay systems for reliable (distortion-free) input signals. Synthesis of*
(do,dl)-stable relay systems for reliable input signals. Realization of redundant
configurations in minimal disjunct normal form and minimal parenthetic form for the
case of symmetrical failures. Relization of noncontact d-stable relay systems. Syn-
thesis of d-stable relay systems-with distorted input signals. EAch case is analyzed
and a mathematical wcpression defining the desix~ed system.is synthesized. Boolean
functions are used. Orig. art. has: 4 figureag 7 fomulas.
CODE: 09,12/ BUSH DATE: O$Jun66/ ORIG REFs .007/ OTH REFt 001

_L_065j_7_b7 --- NT(
ACC NRa AP6016137
AUTHOR: Krishtall, V. Z. (Moscow)
IOR'G: none
4/
TITLE: Method of synthesizing relay mechanisms insensitive to asymmetric failures
SOURCE: Avtomatika i telemekhanika, no. 5, 1966, 103-116
TOPIC TAGS: system reliability, circuit reliability, delay mechanism, circuit failure,
logic element x
ABSTRACT: To improve the reliability of relay systems and minimize failures, structur-
al redundancy was introduced into the delay block and into the logical block simultane.
ously. In this study, all distortions and possible damages to the element were reduc-
ed to the element's output. Thus, a failure was defined as an erroneous translation
of a variable at at least one output of the element. Failures are said to be symmetric-
al when the failure probability of the type 1 - 0 equals the failure probability of tbi
type 0 - 1; in the opposite case, the failures are said to be asymmetrical. With a
certain set of conditions, a relay system B is insensitive to do failures of the 1 -o- 0
type, and to di failures of the 0 - 1 type; when the system is (dodl), it is failproof
provided that certain additional conditions are satisfied. The synthesis of (dud,)-
failproof relay aystems with reliable inputs wasmade. Boolean functions of & certain
SOURCE CODE: UR/0103/66/000/005/0103/0116
Card .1/2 UDC: 62-507

L 06537-67
f-ACC-Nk,-AP66ii~i
Itype in a minimal disjunctive normal form were obtained, defining the falproof state
of the system. Algorithms for the minimization of the obtained Boolean functions were
constructed. A method of intr-oducing redundant inputs and structural redundancy with
unreliable inputs was also studied. Orig. art. has: 6 formulas, 3 figures, 1 table.
SUB CODE: 13/ SUBM DATE: 25Apr65/ ORIG REF: 006/ OTH REF: 003
Card 2/2

DANILOV,V.I.; KRISHTAL, 'ru.A,, kand.fiz.mat.nauk
Spontansous crystallization of mannite and orthochloronitrobei3zol,
Probl.metallove(hi fis, met* noo[l]:45-61 149* (MIRA 1114)
1,Laboratorlys, kristallizateii, TSantralinoge nauchno-iseladovateltakogo
institute, chernoy metallurgit, 2,,Chlea-korrespoodent AN USSR (for
Danilov).
(Solidification) (Mannits) (Benzene)

IRISHTAL, Tu.A., kand.fix,-mat,pauk
,,---~--'Irethod of calculating surface tension and activation energy by
the rate of crystal nuclei formation curves. Probl.metalloved,
i fix. met. no.[l)j62-69 149. (MIRA 11W
l.Laboratoriya kristallizataii TSentrallnogo nauchno-issledovatel'skoco
instituts. chernoy metallurgii.
(Metal crystals) (Solifification)
(Surface tension)

IUMIftal .08 Apr 49
Liquids, Supercooled
Crys-.n- '.zatim
c" "The rormation of Crystallization Centers in Super-
awled Liquids: VI, Spontpneous Crystallization of
*=Ito and Ortho-Chloron: x6benzene," V. 1. Daullay!
Tu. A. Krishtal, Inst YAt&llophys, Cant Sci Rea MM-C.,
of Perrous Metal, 9 pp
"Zbur Ekaper i Teoret Fiz" vol XIX, No 4
Studied depend ency of speed of formation of
crystallization centers upon super-cooling in numit a
and ortho-chloronitrobenzone, Obtained curves for
this dayandency. ftaluated energy of *Atlyatlon
38AW109
USM/Physics (Contd)
Apr 49
and surface tension on the nucleus-liquid boundary.
Subm1tted 23 Sep 48.

USSR/ Physics - Crystallography
Card 1/1 Pub. 22 - 19/48
Authors : Krishtal, Yu. A.
Title : The problem of experimental testing of the Metal growth theory
Periodical i Dok. AN SSSR 98/3p 395497, Sep 21, 1954
Abstract The relation between the rate cd' growth of o-ohloronitrobenzene and the
temperatw-e (surercooling), was investigated. The role of the rata of growt)'.
factor, in deteimining the structure or polycrystalline substaaces, is dis-
cussed. In the case of substances void of any foreign admixtures the growti
factor depends largely upon the temperature at which crystallization takes
place. Formmias expressing the rate of crystal growth are included. Seven
references: 5-US3R and 2-German (1929-1951). Table; graphs.
Institution * ...
Presented by: Academician G. V. Kurdyumov, April 22, 1954

50)
LUTHOR: --Xzishtal, Yu. A.
___I -
TITLEi On the TeMPeTature Dependenne of the
t-Nitrobenzaldehyde and Benzophenone
zavisimosti skoroati rt7!3tr% kriotallov
berzcfenona)
SO V/'. 63-58-4- 54/47
Spebd of Growth of
Crystals (0 temporaturnoy
t-riltrobentalidegida i
PERIODICAL: Nau,,,hiiyye doklady .,yashey shkoly. Metallurgiya# 1958, Nr 4,
,PP 197-202 (USSR)
ABSTRAM The dependence of grcwth speed on subcool-ing in the range of the
s
mall hT was inlreqtigated h~,,ze for t-nitrobenzaidehyde and
I
len7,oplhenorR crystals by way (-,f experiment. The data obtained
were oompared with the tha~?:retical formulae (1) and (2). On
acciunt cf euch nompar-son, the t-onstants K 2 and K3 as well as
the a,;tivation on-grgi Q were eatimated. K 2 is the aotivation
energy of the transition of the molecules from the melt to the
crystal facs, evaluated to I mole of material. K 3 is a quantity
t-, the work reiuired for the formation of a two-
dimensional nucleus. The g!,,)wth sperid of the crystals was
Card 1/2

On the Temr-ipat~aro Dtipei.,dtn,;e :f ,he Speed .-.f SOV/I 611-58-4-144/47
Gtrrw~h ef 1; anJ Benz~phsn,)ne Crystals
mpasured by the meth~,d fcrmerly described in the paper (Ref 3)-
The!-e ay-e 4 fig,;res, 1 and 8 references, 4 of which are
3
ASSOCIATIONs Dneur,.petr, vski-f zh.-,J. transporta
(Dr-.,,Di,jp9t7,-;-sk for Raf-lway Traffic Engineers)
SUBMITTED: Jan-iazv 1i, 1959
Card 2/2

- 658M - ---- ---- - ---
S-o 0 141'~J/
3/148/60/000/0r)3/012/018
A161/A029
AUTHOR: Krishtal, Yu.A.
TITLE: On Diffusion-Free Crystallization Pf Binary Metal Alloys
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenly. - Chernaya metallurgiya,
1960, No. 3, pp. 110 - 116
TE(T: The phenomenon of the so-Qalled diffusion-free crystallization which
is possible along with crystallization corresponding to the equilibrium diagram
(diffusion crystallization) at a high rate of cooling of liquid alloys Is d1s-
cussed. The possibility of such a crystallization has been shown by Popov (Ref.1)
Both crystallization mechanisms have been revealed also in some salid transfor-
mations, e.g., austenite decomposition in steel (Ref. 2). The author suggests a
theoretical calculation for the To(x) curve in the phase diagram determined by
the equality of the thermodynamic potentials of t~e j~qlld and 1,iquid phases, and
calculates the ToW cunres for the"Ag-!Cu,`Al_iS1;"Bi-~bb andVe-ftr (Fig. 2) sys-
tems. The shape of the 0 (X) ourvei-SeTween- Ge'lliquid-us anT ti7e solidus lines
(dotted lines in Figure P. diagrams) proves the reality of the overcooling values
necessary for diffusion-free crystallization; in diagrams with eutectio point
Card 1/4

85808
s/148/6o/ooo/bo3/o12/018
On Dif fusion-Free Crystallization of Binary Metal AlLcys A161/AO29
(Figs. 2, a and b) lesser overcooling values suit the Ag-Cu system with higher
solubility and the T,(x) line is nearer to the liquidus line. Both crystalliza-
tion mechanisms were revealed in experiments with the Bi-3b system (Fig. 2,b).
The interdnndrite segregation in the solid solutions obtained in this system was
Investigated by polarization of light reflected from the surface (method suggest-
ed by M.A. Krishtal) and by microhardness (Ref. 9). DetailB of both methods are
C,Iven. In both methods the proof was obtained that both mechanisms o-f'orystalli-
zation were acting. There are 4 figures and 9 references: 7 Soviet, 2 English.
ASSOCIATION: Dnepropetrovskiy institut Inzhenerov zheleznodorozhnogo transporta
(Dnepropetrovsk Institute of Railroad Transport Engineering)
SUBMITTED: December 26, 1958
Card 2/4

E'ff,~ct cf the temperature of hardening on thri Intornil frietion
In Fe - Si alloys. Fiz. met. I metalloved. 11? no.l-.111-:16 Ja
165, (MIRA 1824)
1. rnniropetrovskly rw tall ijrgicheskiy institut.

KRISHTALEV, V.V. - ,--
~ Preparation of microsections of rayon fibers. Khim. volok.
no.4t64-65 165. (KIRA 18:8)
1. Cherkasakiy zavod iskusstvennogo volokna.

I
IMISHTALICVICH A,X.,
Basic physical qualities of the nrtificial ear. Probl.fisiol.
akust. 2:101-108 150 (MIRA 10:11)
1. Akustichaskaya laboratoriya Vaesoyuznogo Nauchno-iseledovatellskogo
instituta metrologii. Leningrad.
(HWING AIDS)

nIgHTALLPTICII,A.B.; RIKSKIY-ICESAKOV,A.V.
Remarks on the determination of microphone sensitivity by the
reciprocity method. Trudy Kom. po akust. 8:46-50 155.
(KUIA 8: 8)
1e Voesoyuznyy nauohno-iseledovatellskiy institut metrologil
im. D.I.Mendeleyeva,
(Microphone)

KRISHTALNVICH,A.H.
Testing *artificial earO instruments. Trudy Kom.~po akust.
8:82-92 155. (min 8:8)
.1. Voesoyusnyy nauchno-looledovatel'okly Inotitut metrologii
D.I.KendeleyeTa.
(Microphono)

24(0), 50)l 6(2) PRASE I BOOK EXP1,01TAMN SOV,42215

Vaosayusnyy n&u41%no-Imsl*dov%t~l,skly Institut wotrologil Iment
D.Z. mendslay*W&

Reforaty nauchno-Leale4ovatollskikh robot; sbarnik Wo.2 (Scl-tLI'la

a*,*
Arab Abstra tal Collection of Articles. Wr 2) Moscow.
*
;
3tanda"gis m - 139 P. LOW copies printed.
.
Additional Sponsoring Acencys U=. go"tot standartov, &or I
ImmeritolInyM pribarov.
3d.9 3. V. RoanotInai Twet" Id.t M. A. londrat-yowa.
PURPOSEs Those report* are intended for scientists. ramaLrchers,
and engineers engaged In developing standards. measures. and
Rages for the various Industries.
COVPAO13 The volume contains 128 report* on standards or ft"aura-
sent and 4ontral. The reports wam prepared by scientists of
Institutes or the XmItaL atandartov. imer I lmorltel*nykh
pribarov pri, 3ovets Ministrov SSSR (Commajosion on Standards~
Measures. and Measuring Instruments under the US= Council of
M
inisters). The participating Institutes &"A vwnm -
Vaesoyuznyy nauchno-Losle,40vatel-skly, inotralogil Uwal D 1
04-ley*va (&II-Umion Scientific fteawarth Institute or ;1e;_
rologY Ifteal D.I._*mndmlw3w) In LAmIngradl Sverdlovsk bramcm,
of this lnstltuteS VXIIX - Vaosoyuzhyy nauonno-loaltdowatel
Lastitut Kcaltato, standamove mer I izm*rltellny= prIborov
(All-Union Salent4ria Research Institute, or the Comodaml
o
c
on Standards, Ressures. and Mdasurl"g Instruments), crea
od
t
from MOINIF - Moakovskly Scaudarst"rmyy Institut aar I
I=wrltol-nYkh priborov (Moscow state institute of Measures
and Measuring Instrument&) October 1. 1955, WTIPTKI -
T*eaoYuznyy mauchno-Iseadovatellakly rjzLko.t
ch:skikh I r&dlot*kJ%nlcbosklkh Ismoronly (All-Unlon
Re *arch Institute or rhystcotecnnical am Madlo-ongin*ering
Measurements) in womms KhOlKIP - Kharl"vskly gasudaretwenn"
lastLtut mar I lsaorltellnykh prLborov (Khar-kov State In
or Measures and Meaw4ring Instruasatm). and ROXMIr - Novo
lnst
btrokly
gosuderst
ltut aor I lzmarltellftykh pribormv
enyy
.
:
,
,
(NOV021 irsk 3tat Ins I tut of Measures and Measuring Instru-
go personalities are atntlon*d. There are no mrarorces.
for, vezzay Developing "*%hod&
(YNXIFTRI
.
-d
4
TS
;
-
-
..
-
businov,
.
Card 25A?
In the 0.26 - 20 F149AcYc1*
Apparatus for Chocking 59140 Motors
Range
or
Asoustig Masurownts (Brodgkly, A.D.. WItor. Candidate
T."misal Sciences)
N.A. (VWIZM). ZAtot)dlng the Method of MatsurIng
Kalum,11
0jo-
.
-
j - - 0 Bars at High " Low Pre4lu"CION
lijund treasures up to 2
by the Standing-W4VQ 14-thOd
X. (VWZZM). Developing the Calibration of Micro-
1211
91l. A.
,
the-Fret FleW by the RoctPr"ItY Method 13~
Rusako. 1.0,, an4 A.M. KrIALL121,Tleft - (VKILM). Do-japIng Wality -
ContivI Nelbods for 701-940008
KrIght (VNllpqj. Developing methods for Det-raInIng
4torlatics or Loud-sp*aksrs and for Tooting
23r
klarapnones by Directivity
L&jWgh1novs, N.A. (WHIIX). Developing the Method or Chocking
Card
Noise 1jeters Under Conditions of the Noisu and Speo
Spectnm

1MISETALVICH, A. __R~
"on Improvement of Accuracy of Microphone Calibrations in the Field at
X Low Frequencies."
paper presented at the 4tb All-Union Conf . on Acousti.-r., Moscf--w, 26 Mlay - ~ Jun 58.

KMETALEVIGHS A.N.
Increase in the accuracy of calibrating microphones at low
frequencies. Trudy inst. Kome stand., more i izm* prib. no.61t
29-36 162. (MIRA 16%/,)
(Kicrophone) (Ilectroacousties)

IRISHTAUVICII A N - PUSTOVALOVA, T.A.
p
Works to irmure the uniformity of audiametric measurements.
Tnidy inst. Kom. stand., mer, I lzm, prlb. no.730-12 163.
(MIRA 17t6)
1. Vseiioyuznyy nauchno-isaledovatellskiy inatitut metrologii
im. D.I. Mendeleyeva.

#T-. T
TM lions In mixed solvents. 11~L. 1. M141.~.
1.1-%-2104,1011to Fis.-Kkim. Aji, . -- -- T .
J., -A U
20. 370-MV969).-IfIlde nil's e(pintlen for ealer. the
w.tivity CMIT . of emmmil "is -4 a true 10111. Is devrl%~ttl
farther to Include multicomponent true solai, A Kvneral
eq tation Is deflved for flit wly. of A substance In a mixt. of
2 solvents. UVm some simplificetion of this tillia(lon It
btcomcs Identical with that Of%richevskjL(C.A. it,
41W).' In No - Ns' In JV#~ + iY;*-Fn No%-whrte No Is the
saly. of the substance in Me raised solvent, No' and No'
ore Ilia a-A!,bilitics of the substance In the fit and 2nif gnt-
vents, r"P., by themselves, unit jVg* and Nj* are the mote
fractions of solvent I and 2 In the mixt. The tipplicability
of tbI5 equation "as tested on the soly, of S in btimcne +
C111401, and tolue"t + CtI1401. IfgCIj In benten't + C1116-
Ch. llgl;ri in benzene + CjII,CI,. and rinphthal-nt In bris-
zcne + CZi- The expil. rtsults were In gorM nri"ment
with the theory. Af. lfofch

AUTHOR: Krishtalik, L.I. (Moscow) 76-11 -V35
TITLEs On the Theory of the Retarded Discharge (K teorii zamediennogo
rasrYada)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal Fisichaskoy KhWi, 1957, Vol- 31, Nr ii, pp. 2403-2413
(USSR)
ABSTRACTs By means of the method of the activated complex, the dependence of
the overvoltage of hydrogen on the nature of the metal and thaf of
the solvent is investigated within the framework of the theory of
the retarded discharge. A procedure similar to that suggested by
M.1. Tavin [Ref..51 in used, and an equation. with the aid of which
it is possible to calculate the absolute amount of overvoltage is
obtained. The lacking of a direct relation between the overvoltage
and the potential jump mlue at the limit of electrode dissolution
as well as with the amoxmt of the chemical electron potential in
the metal and the solvatation energy of the proton is shown. An im-
mediate dependence of overvoltage on the energy of the specific
adsorption of solvent molecules as well as of hydrogen ions in add
or basic ions in alkaline solutions is found. It in shown that the
Card 1/2 Morze function for the adsorbed hydrogen can be represented in form

On the Theory of the Retarded Discharge 76-114/35
of an expression with only one parameten - the energy of the
bond meta3/Wrogen. The computed amounts of overvoltage and of
the activation energy agree with experimental data. There are
4 figures and 43 references, 25 of which are Slavic.
SM3XrMD' April 5, 1956
AVAILABLEt Library of Congress
Oara 2V2

5 (4)

A 13TH OR:
SOY/76
_ZZqhl~j -33-8-7/39
TITLEt The Rate of the Elementary Stages and the Mechanism of the
Cathodic 59pay,ation of Hydrogen. I
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal fizicheskoy khimii, 1959, Vol 33, Nr 8, PP 1715-1725 (UMN
ABSTRACT: Various possibilities of electrolytic separation of hydrogen are
discussed. The author starts from a theoretical calculation of
the stationary rate values of the elementary processes of the
trruisformation of hydrogen ions into adsorbed atomic and
molecular hydrogen and the reverse reactions by the method of an
activated complex. The calculations wore carried out on the
assumption of simple adnorption (without interaction of atoms on
a homogeneous surface). The stationary values of the degree of
filling of the surface, the density of the polarization current,
and the current densities of the direct and back reactions of
discharge, of electrochemical desorption, and catalytic
recombination were calculated an functions of the potential.
"rho results obtained for metals with different adsorptive energies
pointed to the following mechanisms of electrolytic hydrogen
separationt (I) A retarded non-activated electrochemical
Card 1/2 desorption W. (II) a retarded discharge with electrolytic,

The Rate of the Elementary Stages and thellechanism of -IOV/76-33-8-7/39
-the Cathodio Separation of Hydrogen. I
or (III) catalytiG removal of hydrogen atoms from the metal
surface. (IV) a retarded electrochemical (D) of hydrogen atoms
adsorbed from the gasoous phase (adsorption-chemical mechanism).
(V) a retarded electrochemical (D) taking place after discharge,
and (VI) a retarded discharge with a very swall free surface
determined by an electrochemical (D). In case of some cathodes,
there are probably two branohes of the polarization ourvet either
arallel to each other ( III~ and (IV) ), or intersecting
(1) and (n), (VI) and M . The dependence of the over-
~
tension on the binding energy M - H has a minimum conditioned
by the aimultaneous influence of EM-H on the activation energy
as well as by the degTee of surface filling. It is assumed that
marginal currents of the discharge (and of the electrochem:k*cal
(D) ) of a high absolute value (order of magnitude 10 a/cm4 and
up) are effective here. There are 11 figures and 11 referenceep
6 of which are Sovll.et.
SUBMITTEDj November 27t 19571
Card 2/2

5 (4) S/076/60/034/01/019/044
AUTHORs Krishtalik, L. I. (Moscow) B008/BO14
TITLEs The Rates of the Elementary Stages and the Mechanism of
Cathodic Separation of Hydrogen. II
PERIODICALt Zhurnal fizicheskoy khimii, 1960, Vol 34, Ir 1, PP 117-126
(IJSSR)
ABSTRACTs In continuation of an earlier paper (Ref 1) several possible
mechanisms of cathodic hydrogen separation are investigated
here. The fact is taken into account that also the activation
energy of the inverse processp i.e., ionization is finite.
Furthermore, it is assumed that the Ionizationrate is In-
d;pendent of the potential. Thus, the ordinary discharge
p 00998 (c4- 1/2) can take place only in a certain potential
range. Activationless discharge and barrierless ionization
must tako place in the negative range (a(. 0, A - i), and
barrierless discharge and activationlese Ionization in the
positive range (oc - 1, 0 - 0). Similar considerations also
bold for electrochemical desorption and adsorption. The con-
(;,~rd 1/2 clusions drawn in this paper are based on the ordinary scheme

The Rates of the Elementary Stages and the S/076/60/034/01/019/044
Mechanism of Cathodic Separation of Hydrogen. II BOOS/BO14
SUBMITTEDt
of potential curves (Fig i). The limIts of the various types
of discharge and electrochemical desorption are illustrated
in figure 2. Two ways of calculation are suggested. The limits
of ranges with different mechanisms of hydrogen separation
calculated in the first way are shown in figures 3 and 4,
those obtained in the second way, In figures 5 and 6. Figure
7 illustrates the values of exchange currents. Current density
and the degree of surface occupation are shown In figures 8
and 9. Figure 10 contains the calculated values of constant a
for various mechanisms of hydrogen separation. A table lists
the experimental values of constant a and b. The calculated
values are in close agreement with experimental data. M. 1.
Temkin is mentioned in this paper. There are 10 figures,
I table, and 25 references, 13 of which are Soviet.
April 16, 1958
Card 2/2

KM4TALIK,, L.I.1 MELIKOVA, G.L.; KAT.TNINA,, Te.Ge
Effect of electrolysio.conditions on the stability of graphite anodes
in a chlorine batht, Zbur.prikl.khim. 34 no.731537-151+2 Jl 161.
(MIM 14M
(Electrodes, Carbon) (Electrolysis) (Chlorine)

I
__- - -- - -- -- --- - ---
KRISHTALIK,, L.Lj MELIKCYVA# G.L.; KALINIXAp TG*G*
Kffect of electrolysis conditions on the stability of graphite anodes
in a chlorine bath. Zhur*prikl.khim. 3,4 no.7sl543-1547 J1 161-
(Electrodes, Carbon) (Electrolysis) (Chlorins) (MIU 2417)

KRISHTAUK
Effect of electrolysis conditions on the stability of
grapbite anodes in a chlorino bath* Zhur.priklekbime
34 no.80807-181L " .161. (MIU 140)
(Cblorinq) leactrolysio) (Electrodes, Carbon)

KRISHTALIKp. L.I.
Dependence of the porwability of an asbestos diaphragm on the
pressure in the absence of an,electrie.ourrent. Zhur. prikl.
khim. 36 no.8tl776-1782 Ag 163. (MIJU 16t1-1)