SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT KONTOROVICH, I. YE. - KONTOROVICH, M. I.

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• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

KONTOROVICH, ISAAK~TIMOVICH.
Ter:rdcheskaia obrabotka stali i chuguna. Dop. v kachesfxe uchobn. posoblia
dlia teklin. -vyssl,.. uchebn. zavedenii. Mlosknra,
6~3 P. -411us. ports.
Biblioi,yaphy: p. (6~~O)-6-i3.
(Heat treatment of steel and cast iroh.
DTP,: T1T73l.Y,6)i2
SO: Manufacturin-r, and I-lechanical Engineerin.- J.n the Soviet Union
1~ 'j ?
Library of Congress, 1953e

PHASE I TREASURE ISLAND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REPORT AID 34o*- I
BOOK Call No.: TN672.v8
Author: 4ONTQ~OVk H -and VINOGRADSKAYA,, YE. L.
. Q__j_j,_)qp
Full Title:- TRANSFOR14ATION OF*AUSTENITE TO LOW CARBON STEEL WITH
VARIABLE CONTENTS OF CHROMIUM AND MANGANESE
Transliterated Title:- Prevrashchenlye austenita v*malouglerodistoy
stall a peremennym soderzhaniyem khroma i
margantea
Publishing Data
Originating Agency: All-Union Scientific Engineering.and Technical
Socloty of Machine Builders. Urals Branch
Publishing Housei State Scientific and Technical Publishinf House
of Machine Building Literature ("Mohgiz')
Date: 1950 No. pp.: 8 No. of copies: 3,000
Text Data
This is an article from the book: VSESOYUZNOYE NAUCHNOYE INZHENERNO-
TEXHNICHESKOYE OBSHCHESTV0 MASHINOSTROITELEY. URALISKOYE OTDELENIYE,
THERMAL TREATMENT OF METALS - Symposium of Conference (Termicheskeya
obrabotka metallov, materialy konferentsil) (p. 73-8o~ see AID 223-11
Coverage: The experimental data on the effects of different cohaen-
trationsof chromium and manganese on the alloyed steels! -
stability and on transformation of austenite arO discussed
1/2

KONTOROVI
.Nature of the hardness of stable and metastable structure
in the iron--n lg& ~as em,. f , 1-.. "fitoroVlclt~fij A, A,
CoIll. Vc %yert. flit rided ni IWO -8(X)" and tile Vickerg hardtimi
%vai deld. tit the slitface. ind at 0.021 min. intervak from tile
mirface by MICCC-Sive MMOVII of nitrided layers betwuen
haniness detris. Sperimens qiienclicil after ifitriding [fail :i
I'mirface hardness of 22.1-3-10 and a max. hardne~,s, ranging
till it) 700 for specinivis n1tricled at M)', ,it adkitwice WIG-
0,10 flint. front tile surfacti. Sliceirfienti id(rided al. 67~0'
and conIcd slowly had a surface hardncss of XJU decrea5mg
imiforittly to J.'30 a t a depilt of 0.22 mm: Islicrosropic
e\amn. of the nitrided specimens. indicated that (lie wlid
sobi. of N in (nitrided ail-stenite) 1111011 gloly Conling
mideriverit tutc-ctnld devoinjin. ivith formation of :i filixt, of
tilt., n alld -e' plta-.ws having a llaylllleq~; of I-F ~ Nifli,;Cd
0
wisteiflic confg. over 2~',) N did not traiisform wlwn
ritiencherl; when the N concti. w.ls below 2(~`o a qlartt-witic
~trueture ww; formed; when IN was very low a ferrite-
ifitr:dc mixt. sintilar to troo-ititte and sorbite wis fornitti.
Nitrided atistenite had a har;lticss of 22(~-264), idtrided
martr;)5ite 560-M. ferrite-nitride inixt. 350-5(9), nitrided
ferrito, 130-160, nitrided pli,,Lqc,,z havinp a volummir stritc-
turcNIAS-OS7. and the mixt, of nitridt-F, oil tile tilitfare 221--
310. It. W. Rsithitiami

) -- I-.-- - - - ---- -- - -
"On the Nitriding of Steel for Surface Strengthening," pp. 61/80 in
Modern Methods of Heat Treating Steel by Dom Inzhenera i Tekhnika imeni F E
Dzerzhinskovo. Gosudarstvennoye Nauchno-Tekhnicheskoye Izdatellstvo %shinostroitellnoy
Literatury, Moscow (1954) 404 pp.
Evaluation B-86350-30 June 55

Av e-,"ll C- iV
--------------
CC- 'i-
X
t i Eqwc *Fikc(r(cxl lfaa~m
Cabon sweChromfum Sltgc% lifol..fe etekircuagmve ax''
fiz*r7GpvvTt"h4!L"V endl, hramlstel stallakh. .'
a I- I Kwtam Wm__di Viriftsidi. Uctaffb-
Cdrd i 9 fioqi4M, m hug.i V. 21-25.
ET, of uts of heating an u=fmmatim temymtuto =a
SM sabitfe dmcturcs; effwt at I
and r t1a e cat hastfng an tmmfa=uff4a U=. 1. .1
an rftWMy In rcbdan to tempaafac jwd
ute E bmt(ne; effmtIof Cr fn C #,-r1 ou ftamfcm=tloa t
pen and (ftre, Graphs, tabLey. 2 rcE
=1H Tt6

KONTOROVICK. 1.T6.
"--W W"I id-- :z
Influence of ~ I quantities of certain alloying constituonts on
tempor brittleness* Xis.met. i metalloved. 3 no-3:553-555 156.
(Steel-Peittleness) (KLRA 10:3)

I.ONTOROVICH9 I.Te., doktor tekhnicheskikh nauk, professori VOSEGCHMO,
. Wis& W%fiener.
Critical te"erature of the transition betveen the viscous state t
aid the sent-brittle state in stractural steel. Metalloved.i
obr.set. no.5:19-24 My 056. (mm 9:8)
1. Noskovskly avlatsiowW tokhnologichookly institut.
(Steel, Structural)

KONTQROV!q
.A,jab, professor, doktor tekhnicheskikh nauk; VINITS11T. A.G.,
*'~z~"Inzhener.
Iffect of electric heating on phase transformations of carbon an&
chromium stools. Trudy XLTI no.30:174-186 '56. (KM 10:2)
(Steel-3sat treatment)

--JWUW nauk; DARCHINOT, I-N-,
professor, doktor takhnicheakikh
~r. -
4WI., "'*
inshen .
Invest:gating
the transformation of pearlite to austenite. Trudy
VATI no.30:187-195 156. (MM 10:2)
Marlite) (Austanite)

Role of
uic wtrt an
lurdriess tben-felf Orimuly with IncrewinateMpknnif teinp,Z;
1A
7-~ At whk
thi fmcwr4w"ied fro.4 C-brous to "mixcd w"?
+u' a I ~,-T
P~tfl r"Lltd 1, n w"11. --.1
I and Ill 'A!1 3 1-~+

137-58-5-10535
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 5, p 236 (USSR)
A UTHOR: Kontorovich, I. Ye.
TITLE: On the Stability of Austenite and the Hardenability of Steel (0b
ustoychivosti austenita i prokalivayemosti stali)
PERIODICAL: Sb. tr. Mosk. vech. metallurg. in-ta, 1957, Nr 2, pp 156-
162
ABSTRACT: An investigation is made of steel containing 0.14% C, 0.76-
0.79% Cr, 2.75-2.80% Ni, and the same steel with 0.10% Be ad-
dition. Magnetometric analysis is employed to plot curves of
isothermic decomposition of austenite, and the hardenability of
the steel is determined by the end quench test. The major cri-
terion formerly employed to judge the hardenability of steel -
incubation time in the temperature interval of minimal austen-
ite stability - is invalid in the case of Be alloy steel. When Be
is added to the steel, the length of the incubation period does
not undergo any significant change, while the hardenability of
the steel increases markedly(a critical section 2.5 times as
large will harden throughout).,(The increase in hardenability is
Card 1/2 accompanied not by a rise butby some diminution in grain size

137-58-5-10535
On the Stability of Austenite and the Hardenabilify of Steel
from 5 or 6 point to 6 or 7 point, and not by a decline in the temperature of
Ar transformations, but by an increase therein by 100C for Arl and by 150
for Ar3* In the presence of small amounts of Be there is a significant de-
cline in the rate of austenite transformation. This is related to the effect of
Be on hardenability. The effect of Be on the rate of transformation may be
related to a diminution in the number of centers of crystallization coming into
being per unit time and to the rate of crystal growth. The change in the para-
meters of crystallization on addition of Be to steel is related to the fac. thai.~
Be concentrates primarily in the boundary layers and has little effect on
change in the chemical composition of the grain of the solid solution. The
change in the nucleation rate in the boundary layers of austenite grains
creates compressive stresses within the grain, and these make it difficult
for austenite to transform to martensite or to a mixture of ferrite and cemen-
tite. The extent of this pressure depends upon the thickness of the boundary
layer, and this is related to the amount of additive stabilizing the grain
boundary.
1. Steel--Hardening 2. Austenite--Stability L. M.
Ca rd 2/2

137-58-6-13376
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 6, p 319 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Kontorovich, I Dalyayeva, L. 1.
TITLE: On the Changes in Properties of Nitrided Iron After Tempering
(0b izmenenii svoystv azotirovannogo zheleza posle zakalki)
PERIODICAL: Sb. tr. Mosk. vech. metatlurg. in-t, 1957, Nr 2, pp 163-175
ABSTRACT: The hardness of nitrided Armco iron was investigated after
the latter has been subjected to tempering at temperatures of
600-7500C for periods ranging from 15 to 60 minutes. It is
established that the hardness of a nitrided layer after tempering
is attributable not only to the concentration of N achieved in
different zones in the course of the nitriding processes, but
that it is also related to variations in the N content which occur
during repeated heating processes, the duration of which is of
great importance. At relatively low temperatures of heating
(6000), maximum hardness of a layer containing E + LT '
phases is obtained only after a considerable exposure. At
increasing temperatures and greater rates of diffusion of N
into the iron, shorter exposures are required to achieve maxi-
Card 1/2 Mum hardness; variations in the duration of exposure affect

137-58-6-13376
On the Changes in Properties of Nitrided Iron After Tempering
also the hardness of zones with columnar crystals as well as austenite-
martensite zones. Every value of tempering temperature has a corres-
ponding optimal exposure time. By means of a proper selection of optimal
heating temperatures and holding periods it should be possible to attain a
high degree of hardness directly on the external surface of a nitrided layer.
A.M.
1. Iron alloys--Hardening 2. Iron alloys--Heat treatment 3. Iron alloys--Phase
studies 4. Nitrogen--Metallurgical effects
Card 2/2

137-58-4-8439
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 4; p 303 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Kontorovich, 1. Ye., Semenchenkov, A. T.
TITLE: The Structure of Alloys of the Titanium -aluminum System
(Stroyeniye splavov sistemy titan -a lyuminiy)
PERIODICAL: Sb. tr. Mosk. vech. metallurg. in-t, 1957, Nr 2, pp 176-186
ABSTRACT: The structure and certain properties of Ti-Al alloys of up to
67 atomic % of Al were studied. The alloys were made of sponge
Ti 99.80% pure and sheet Al 99.99% pure, the residue being
0.0035% Fe, 0.0025% Si and 0.0050% Cu. Smelting was in an
arc furnace with water-cooled Cu bottom plate and a W electrode
at Z50-300 mm Hg Ar atmosphere. During smelting the alloys
were shielded from saturation by gases (02 and N?) having a
powerful effect upon their properties. Ti alloys with 8, 15, 30,
44, 57, and 67 atomic % Al were made. The specimens were
annealed in quartz ampoules exhausted at 13000C for I hour, at
9600 for 50 hours, and at 8500 for 200 hours with subsequent
quenching in water. Microscopic analysis was employed; hard-
ness and microhardness were also studied. The work confirmed
Card 1/2 the existence of phase regions in the Ti-Al diagram and revealed

137-58-4-8439
Ti,-e Structure of Alloys of the Titanium -a lumi,_,m System
the structure of the alloys with up to 67 atomic % Al. It was shown that spec-
imens hardened from the (-" region undergo diffusionless transformation of the
,ephase into spicular (~K' phase by a 0_;:\ reaction. When alloys containing
P
>15 atomic % Al are quenched, a solid 0( solution is found in the (X+P region.
Al very effectively increases the hardness of Ti, which rises from 200 units
for pure Ti to 507 for an alloy containing 44 atomic % Al When the Al
contents are still higher (up to 67 atomic %), hardness drops to 415. Alloys
containing high amounts of Al (57 and 67 atomic %) and S+TiA13 region-5)
are excessively brittle.
E.K.
1. Al.uminum-titanium all.oys- -Mic rost. r kie Vtve 2, Aluminum-titanlim a1loys
--Properties
Card 2/2

/~a V
AUTHORS: Kantorovich I. Ye. /and Voshedchenko,
B. M. 126-2-19/35
TITLE: Influence of overheating on the properties of heat
treated structaral steels. (Vliyaniye peregreva na
svoystva termicheski obrabotannykh konstruktsionnykh
Staley).
PERIODICAL: Fizika Metallov i Metallovedeniye, 1957, Vol-5, No.2,
pp. 340-348 (USSR)
ABSTRACT; There is no generally accepted opinion on the influence
of the initial austenite Brain on the microstructure,
fracture and the mechanical properties of the steel
after repeated recrystallization. The authors carried
out experiments with the aim of establishing the influence
of the character of the micro-structure and the
appearance of the fracture on the mechani 'cal properties
of certain structural steels after preliminary over-
heating and subsequent recrystallization within a wide-
range of temperatures. The experir4ents were carried out
with specimens made of three grades of steel with
chromium contents between 1.49 and 0.75% and Ni contents
of 3.67 to 1.48%, the chemical compositions of which are
given in Table 1 P-340. Plates of 100 x 60 V2 mm
Card 1/4 were heated at 5601, 1000, 11009 1200 and 1300 for
75 minutes and then cooled in air. Following that, the

126-2-19/35
Influence of overheating on the properties of heat treated structural
steels. of steel l2X2H4A (tempered at 650 OC, cooled in the
furnace and tested at 2OuC). The graphs, Fig.2, show
the influence of the temperatures of double recrystalliza-
tion on the impa8t strength of structural steels
(tempered at 650 C9 cooled in the furnace). The graph,
Fig 4 shows the change of impact strength of two of the
tes;ea steels as a function of the temperature ofo
preliminary overheatiag (final hardening from 850 C in
oil, tempering at 650 C followed by cooling in the
furnace? testing at 200C). Figs. 3, 5, 6 and 7 represent
microstructures after various treatment programmes.
Comparison of the mechanical properties shomothat these
either do not change at all or increase slightly with
increasing temperature of preliminary heating and final
.hardening. In the case of impact test of structural steel
specimens at temperatures corresponding to the semi-brittle
state, intergrain formations also have an influence, in
addition to the influence of the structure of the
austenite grain. Depending on the subsequent cooling
speed of the steel two types of structure may forml namely,
Card 3/4 a martensite-troostite structure with a definite
orientation relative to the crystallographic planes of

AUTMRS: Kontorovich, I.Ye.. Voshedahenko, BAL. 32-ii-37/6o
- -------------------
TIM: Detenination of the Critical Interval of Brittleness in the Zz-
tension of Samples With a Swath Surface (OpredelerUe kriticheafto
intervala khrupitasti pri rastyuhsn'J gladIdIch obrastsov)
PMODIGAI4 Zavodskaya. Laboratorlya, 1957, Vol. 23, Nr Ii, pp. 1362-1365 (USSR)
ABSTRAOT: It is said in the Introduction that this field has not yet been
sufficiently Invvstigated, above all became the brittle destruction
of the amoth samples Is difficult to attaft even at - 1960 0. and alla
became of the lack of suitable methods of determination. In this wo*
a method for the determination of the critical temperature of brittle-
ness In the case of extension up to fracture of the amseled smooth
samples of constructional stools is described. As samples the steels
1212MA and 231218 A IS form of rods 11 11 75 = vere used. ?kV were
tint hardened at i2OV In oil and vers then annealed at 6500 (Within
60 min.) with following cooling in the furnace ( -500 par honi). Nore-
from tAw "shortened "prin mumples" were made. rit may be sean, from
the drawing that the bolts have a length of 58 m, are provided with a
threads and the threadless part boa a lang% of 30 m). Tests vers
carried out an a traction engine "P5" at a -4-1 stress of 500b kg,
Card 1/2 and extension me autowtically recorded. Extension In the case of

32-li-37/6o
DeterMIUStion of the Critical Interval of brittleness in the Extension of Samples
With a Smooth SurfAae
cooling down to 1960 wao carried out bjy the application of a thermc.-
stat systen consisting of a vessel which we mounted an the traction
shaft and was filled for cooling with liquid nitrogen or, bemuse of
the loss Im temperatures of liquid nitrogen, with liquid nitrogen
diluted with gasoline. The vessel contained the sample whiche sorswe
an to the two ends of the shaft, was owmeated with the *motion
engine. A thermocouple was 01"tically RM-ected with the sample. In
the omrse of a series of tests carried out up to the point of br~*JdA$
the diagrams of the extension of the samples were constructed. In-
yostiptione are described which were carried out with a view of
avoiding certain kinas of fracture caused by tearing. There are 4 fig-
ures,
AVkIWL3: Library of Congress'
Caxd 2/2

P,o /U To C- i-1
Aj
o
Xv
NL
Js
13.
12

SOV/ 137-58-9- 19964
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 9, p 268 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Kontorovich, I.Ye., Voshedchenko, B.M.
TITLE: Effect of Isothermal Ouenching Upon the Temper Brittleness of
IZKhZN4A Steel (Vliyaniye izotermicheskoy zakalki na otpusk-
nuyu khrupkost' stali 1ZKhZN4A)
PERIODICAL: V sb.: Metallovedeniye i term. obrabotka. Moscow, Metal-
lurgizdat, 1958, pp 104-111
ABSTRACT: An investigation is made of the influence of heating temper-
ature in isothermal quenching and tempering, and of the effects
of methods of cooling upon the temper brittleness of Nr 12Kh2N4A
steel. Specimens were quenched from temperatures of 800, 900,
1100, and 12500C in a potassium nitrate bath at 380-4000, being
held for 15 minutes, and were tempered at 350, 450, 550, and
6500 with cooling in water and in the furnace. In quenching from
8000 and tempering at 4500 the critical temperature of brittle-
ness is minimal. An increase to 12500 in the temperature to
which the metal is heated for hardening increases the critical
temperature for brittleness from -30 to -F 1400. An increase in
Card 1/2 the tempering temperature from 450 to 6500 with water cooling

SOV/ 137- 58-9-19964
Effect of Isothermal Quenching Upon the Temper Brittleness (cunt.j
reduces the critical temperature f2r. brittleness in the entire interval of
temperatures for hardening and increases the value of ak'
F. U.
1. Steel---Mechanical properties 2. Steel--Temperature facto.'s 3. Stesel--Teat ff.CAhc;,dn
Card 2/2

SOV/126-6-5-8/43
AUTHORS: Kontorovich, I.Va- and Mermellshteyn, Yu.hll-
TITLE: Influence of Grain Sizes on the Diffusion of Carbon in
Iron (Vliyaniye velichiny zerna na diffuziyu ugleroda v
zheleze)
PERIODICAL: Fizika Metallov i Metalloveder--iye, 1958, Vol 6,
Nr 5, pp 812 - 818 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: A distinction is made between diffusion through grain
boundaries and grain bodies, the former being faster in
some cases than the latter. T]Ius, in such cases,
diffusion of an elemerat th-rough a polycrystalline metal
aggregate is faster than through a monocrystal of the
same metal, this being mainly due to the distortion of
the lattice in the boundary layers of polycrystalline
metals (Refs 1, 21 4). However, this does not apply to
diffusion of various elements through brass (Refs 3, 5).
By applying radioactive silver to brass (Ref 6). it was
found that the depth of penetration of silver through
the grain boundaries was greater than through the grain
bodies, the activation energy of diffusion through the
grain boundaries being estimated to be half that
Cardl/6 occuxring through the grain body. 14i, Pd and brass

SOV/126-6-5-8/43
Influence of Grain Sizes on the Diffusion of Carbon in Iron
diffuse into commercially pure iron preferentially
through grain boundaries, but small quantities of
Til V, NbMo and B retard the diffusion of nickel along
the grain boundaries (Refs ?,8). The diffusion of
silver throu h low palladium Fe-Pd alloys is inter-
crystalline ~Ref 7). Self-diffusion of lead is independent
of grain size (Ref 9) but the diffusion:ate of radio-
active isotopes of lead through fine-grained lead is
considerably greater than through coarse-grained. All
these data refer to systems forming substs-tial solid
solutions. For interstitial solid solutions, the
diffusion conditions and the en-irgetic state are different.
Thus, it was found (Ref 11) that the depth of diffusion
of nitrogen into fine-grained iron is less than into
coaree-grained so that the grain boundaries retard dif"
usion. The influence of grain siza on diffuc~ion of carbon
in iron was studied by carburisation. The change in
diffusion rate in relation to the austenitic grain size,
in which diffusion proceeds durinG carourisation, was
7
established. The change in austenitic grain size under
Card2/6 definite heating conditions can be found from the change

SOV/126-6-5-8/43
Influence of Grain Sizes on the Diffusion of Carbon in Iron
in the original ferritic grain size, as there is a
fundamental relationship between the two. Cylindrical
specimens of Armco iron, 15 am long and 14 mm dia were
compressed bY 3, 5, 7, 91 12, 11-, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 65%
in order to get various grain s1ses. After defgrmation,
one part of the specimens were a-ranealed at 680 C for five
hours, after which the recrystallioed as well as the
unannealed specimens were weiEhed and carburised in solid
media. In order to establish the effect of temperature on
the grain size, one part of the deforned s-pecim-ens -m:e put
into an iron tube which was sea'lled at both7ends and placed
into thecartuidsatLon pot. Thu-s-, t-hiese specimens, whilst
being heated under the same coaditioas of temperature, vere
isolated from the carbuxising Cax-burisation was
carried out at 950 C for various periods of time, after
which the specimens were furnace-cooled to room temperature.
Thel were then cleaned and re-weighed and the gain in weight
per unit area was worked out. The depth of case and the
grain size in various portions of the specimens were
Card3/6 determined metallographically. The austenitic grain size

SOV/126-6-5-8/43
Influence of Grain Size on the Diffusion of Carbon in Iron
was obtained from the cementite network in the hypez-
eutectoid case of the carburised specimens, using
Saltykov's method, in which the grain surface area per
unit volume is calculated. Results of weight increase
of the specimens in relation to different conditions of
carburisation are shown in Figure 1. The quantity of
carbon absorbed per 1 cm 2 of sLtrface area of the specimen
increases with decrease of surface area of the grains
per unit volume (,E S) which is equivalent to a
coarsening of the structure. There is a linear ralatiom~-
ship between the quantity of carbon absorbed and Z S .
This also holds true for prolonged heating conditions,
but the absolute quantity increases and the difference in
gain in weight for the coarse and fi-ne grain states is
even greater. Specimens which underweat recrgstalli-sation
prior to carburisation gained in waight as the structure
became coarser and the L S decreased, but the quantity
of carbon absorbed was less than for un--recrystallised
specimens. Also the difference in weight gain of specimens
of different grain size was less than for specimens
Card4/6 carburised immediately after deformation. This indicates

SOV/126-6-5-8/43
Influence of Grain Size on the Diffusion of Carbon in Iron
that carbon absorption depends on grain size as well as
on the energetic state of the grains. For specimens
which did not undergo recrystallisation prior to carbux-
isation, the depth of carbon diffusion increased with
increase in grain size (see Figure 2). The carbon absorbed
during carburisation is concent:~ated preferentially in t'-~--e
layer nearest to the surface (Fi -gure 3). For specimens
carburised after preliminary carbuxisation the d-p'vh of the
diffusion layer also increases T.J-th increasing grain eize
(see Figure 4) but the depth of car"bon diffusi6-,,l d1--ing
r,arbur.-'-sation in recrystallise-d specimens is consiidere~~-2.y
less than in deformed specL-irens. Increase of soak-ing time
causes an increase in the case depth (see Figure
This is due to growth of austert-i-lic Ere-ir-9 which rer-'-..;.ces
the quantity of grain-boundary material and hence enables
carbon to diffuse more deeply. As the grain size decreases
so the amount and size of separated cementite increases.
Hence a refinement of structure causes carbon to concen-
trate in the surface zones and opposes its diffusion in
Card5/6 depth. As the grain size increaseE; the cementite separated

SOV/126-6-5-8/43
Influence of Grain Size on the Diffusion of Carbon in Iron
in the hyper-eutectoid layer becomes thinner and distributes
itself preferentially along the pearlite grain boundaries.
As the number of ZS per unit volume increasEs~ the
quantity of cementite increases, the quantity of pearlite
decreases and islands of ferrite form. Such anomalies in
micro-structure are shown in Figures 6, 7 and 8.
There are 9 figures and 11 references, 4 of which are
Soviet, 3 German and 4 English. I
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy vecherniy metallurgicheskiy institut
(Moscow Evening Metallurgical institute)
SUBMITTED: March 5, 1957 (initially)
May 28, 1957 (after revision)
Card 6/6

IONTOAUTIGH.-j.Tv,., doktor tokhn.nouk prof.; YOSHEDGIMNKO. B.M., ~mnd.
takhn.nauk-
i1frect of heat treatment on the lachanical proportion of
structural steels at low teMeratures. Izv.vys.ucheb.zav.;
chern.met. .2 no.7:79-9 A 159. 04IM 13:2)
1. Moskovskly vachornty metallurgicheekly institut. Bekonew-
dovano kafedroy metallovedenlya I ternicheskoy abrabotki
Moskovskogo voichernago vatallurgicheskogo instituta.
(Steel, Structural-Heat treatment)

86940
S/149/60/000/006/015/018
AOo6/Aooi
AUTHORS. 52a"vich I Ye Semenchenkov, A. T.
TITLE- The Effect of Alloying Elements on Properties of Titanium-Aluminum
Alloys
PERIODICAL: Izvestlya vvsshikh,uchebnykh zavedeniy, Tsvetnaya metallurgiya,_ 1960,
Vat. No.*6, pp'. 144-148
TEXT: The authors studied the effect of various alloying elements (V,' Cr,
Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu', W, Mo, Nb and Zr) on alloys of titanium with 2 and 4 atomic %
aluminum. For comparison alloys without Al were also investigated. The alloys
were prepared from magnesium-thermic titanium (99.5%) containing ir %.- 0.1 Fe,
0.06 Mg, 0.06 Si,-0.04 C, oA N2,, 0.02 H2Y 0 1 0 and < 0.03 Ni. Electrolytical
metals of 9~.7% purity were used.as admixture;. ~he alloys were melted in a her-
metic are furrace with non-consumable tungsten electrode and a water-cooled copper
bottom. The alloys were homogenized at 1000,C 'for 50 lirs. To prevent oxidation,
during annealing they were soldered into evacuated double quartz ampoules. Powder-
like Ti was placed in the external ampoule to absorb oyygen penetrating from the
atmosphere. After annealing, the alloys were forged into rods from which specimens
Card 1/2

86940
S/149/60/000/006/015/018
A006/A001
The Effect of Alloying Elements on Properties of Titanium-Aluminum Alloys
of 4 mm in diameter and 60 - 70 mm length were made and subjected to microstructuml
analysis, and measurement of electric resistivity and hardness. It appeared that
the alloyi-rig elements had different effects on the properties of the alloys in.-
vestigated. Hardness and electric resistivity were most increased by Co, Fe and
Ni; the effect of Mn was less, that of V, Cr, W and Mo still lesser and a mini (fitim J",
effect was produced by Zr and Nb. The main cause of this is the atomic
The greater iz the difference between the size of atoms of the solvent ard
cf the dissolved element, the greater an effect may be expected. The type of
the crystalline lattice is another factor affecting the properties of Ti-Al alloys.
There are 6 figures and I table.
ASSXIA"TON- Moskovskiy vecherniy metallurgicheskiy institut (Moscow Uight School
of the Metallurgical Institute) Kafedra metallovedeniya i termiche-
skoy obrabotki splavov (Department of Metal Science and Heat Treat-
ment of Alloys)
SUW-TIM.,- October 3, 1959
,'ard 2/2

68624
/,P 9100 S/126/60/009/02/011/033
11114E~a5
AUTHORS: Kontorovich, I.~eo..and Yeme ya 5 L.G.
TITLE: Transformations0and Properties of-Iron-nitroge Phases
After Isothermal Holding
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, 1960, Vol 9, Nr 2,
pp 216 - 223 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Comparatively little work has been published (Refs 3-6)
on the structure of iron-nitrogen alloys after rapid
cooling. The author's previous work (Refs 4,5) enabled
tempering structures-obtained with various nitrogen
contents to be determined. In the present work the
authors describe.the study of the kinetics of phase
transformations in such alloys by analysis of structures
obtained after isothermal holding and hardening.
Specimens were of armco iron, nitrided for 6 hours at
670 0C and cooled rapidly to 200-600 OC. After
attaining the selected temperature, specimens were held
in the bath for various times and quenched in water.
Figures 1 and 2 show microstructures of nitrided layers
after 5 and 30 min, respectively, holding time at 600 OC;
Cardl/4 the micro-hardness (determined with a type PHr-3 machine)

68624
S/126/6o/oog/02/011/033
E111/9335
Transformations and Properties of Iron-nitrogen Phases After
Isothermal Holding
of each layer Is marked. Figures 3 and 4 show micro-
structures after 8 min holding time at 550 and 500 0C,
respectively. Figure 5 shows macrobardness (Vickers) as
a function of depth for various holding temperatures:
each has a maximum. Maximum hardness after a short
holding time and that of the products after complete
decomposition 0 hours' holding time) is shown
(Curves 1, 2, respectively) as functions of holding
temperature in Figure 6; the depth of the maximum-
hardness zone is shown as a function of isothermal
holding temperature in Figure 8. A schematic repres-
entation of austenite stability at different temperatures
is given in Figure 7. The authors conclude that the
surface film of the layer obtained after n1triding at
670 OC consists of a mixture of c and y' phases
and changes little on lowering holding temperature or on
rapid quenching in water; the layer is probably formed
Card2/4 during holding In the nitriding process. Decomposition

Transformations and Properties of
Isothermal Uolding
68624
s/i26/6o/oo9/O2/011/O33
Iron-ni fjl'/E3Rases After
ogen
followed by hardening-a-martensite-type transformation
occurs, giving very hard products. The products of
austenite decomposition in iron-nitrogen alloys at sub-
critical temperatures are similar to those of iron-carbon
except for the apparent absence of needle-like troostite.
There are 7 figures and 6 references, 3 of which are Soviet,
I English and 2 German.
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy vecherniy metallurgicheskiy institut
.(Moscow Evening Metallurgical Institute)
SUBMITTED: January 8, 1959, initially;
September 24, 1959, after revision. 41
Card 4/4

S-/-129/61/000/001/002/013
911IM35
AUTHORS: Bokshteyn, S.Z., Doctor of Technical Sciences,Professor;
Gubarevaq N.A., Engineer; Kontorovich I Ye t Doctor
of Technical Sciences.; and-P te of
Technical Sciences
TITLE: Peculiarities of the Diffusion of Carbon in Iron
PERIODICAL: Metallovedeniye i termicheskaya obrabotka metallovt
1961) No. 11 pp. 10-14 (+ I plate)
TEXT: Work by two of the authors (Refs 1-10 and by others
(e.g. Refs 29 3) has shown that diffusion is often non-uniform.
This effect could be associated with difference in the activation
energy of diffusion (Refs 8-10). In this present work the authors
studied diffusion of carbon in technical purity iron (0.03% C) and
iron alloys with 0.03% C and 0.14, o.64 or 2.93 Si - Some alloys
also contained a third component: 1+. 56 or 30~ '' Nit 0.36 or 1.61% Alt
0 88, 3.77 or 14-13% Cr, 0.21 or 3% Mo, 1.19 or 4-97% W, 0 .1 or
2:29% Ti. This enabled the influence of carbide-forming and non-
forming elements to be compared. Pr smatic specimens 20 mm high
and with a 10 mm base were used. C14 was deposited on the surface
Card 115
S/129/61/000/001/002/013
Ell1/El3 5
peculiarities of the Diffusion of Carbon in Iron
from barium carbonate or from special specimens containing this
isotope. The first technique was used for studies in the gamma, the
Auto-radiographs were obtained on
second in the alpha states- a
type OiAKOV (NTKFI) plates, contact prints being examined mi ro-
photometrically with a type M~_I+ (MF-4) instrument. The diffusion
coefficient was calculated by the method of Bokshteyn et al (Ref.11).
Microstructural analysis was also carried out. Autoradiographs and
microstructures for iron at 950 IC are shown in Fig.la and b.
Autoradiographs at 550 11C for a ha iron (unalloyed and with o.64%
1 and b.
Si, top and bottom, respectively~ are shown in Fig.2a sion of carbon
Fig.5 shows plots Of darkening against depth of diffu
(top curve) andoalong boundaries (bottom curve in each
in the grains 0 e of
of the two diagrams), for ferrite (550 on), The influenc
concentration of the different alloying elements on depth of
diffusion (mm) in iron at 95o OC is shown In Fig.6.
Card 2/ 5

B/129/61/000/001/00.2/013
Elll/E135
Peculiarities of the Diffusion of Carbon in Iron
Fig.7 shows,relative darkening with respect to distance into ferrite
griin for carbide fo rming (left-hand graph) and non-forming (right-
hand graph) alloying elements. The lef t and right ends of the plots
relate to the grain boundariis.; the remaining space, corresponding
to 0.30 mm. relates to the body of the grain.
74
7
sp
01

'9
7
,

-R

0.3 1.38%,01
Te

Card 4/5 Fi g .7 0 IV:_:

s/129/61/000/001/002/013
Elll/E135
Peculiarities of the Diffusion of Carbon in Iron
The work shows that carbon diffusion in both alpha- and gamma-iron
occurs unevenly, the grain boundaries and adjacent alpha solid-
solution regions becoming enriched with carbon. The diffusion
coefficient for grain boundaries is 3-1+ orders higher than for
inside grains. Alloying modifies both rate of diffusion and
distribution of carbon within the grain; depending on the effect
of the element on the gamma region. Alloying reduces the
carbon-concentration drop between the boundary and the body of
the ferrite grain.
There are 7 figures and 11 references% 7 Sovie t and 1+ non-Soviet.
Card 515

doktor tekhn.nauk; VULIF, D.A.. inzh.;
SEKEY., A.G., inzh.
Direct electric heating of vire for patenting. Stall 22 no.2:
179-180 F 162. (MIRA 15:2)
(Wire-Heat treatment)

S/137/63/000/002/023/034
A006/A101
AUTHORS: Kontorovich. I. Mermel'shteyns Yu. A.
TITLE: The effect of the grain size upon carbon diffusion in steel
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy z M o. 2, 1963, 3, abstraot"Ml
hurnal etallurgiya, n
("Sb. tr. Moak. vech. metallurg. in-ta", 1962, no. 4, 48 - 52)
TEXT: The authors studied the behavior of C in 12XH3A (12KIff3A) steel
containing in %: C 0.15, Ma 0.5, Cr 0.75, Ni 3.0. Specimens, 11 mm in diameter,
were'subjected to cold plastic deformation with 3- 65% reduction and carburizing
at 9250C during 8 and 16 hours., The amount of C absorb6d.is calculated from the
increase in weight; the grain size is determined by the secant method. The dif-
fusion depth of C is determined by metallographical analysis. It was found tkiat
at a coarsening'of the grains from ZS - 41.5 to 28 =2/mm3, the weight increased
from 3.55 to 6.2 mg/cm2. The amount of C absorbed depends much more upon the
grain size-than upon the duration of holding. It was established-that the re-
fining of austenite grains causes a decrease of both the surface diffusion and
the depth of the layer with C absorbed. The C absorbed is mainly concentrated
Cara 1/2

S_/_137/63/0oo/W2/032/034
Aoo6/Alol
AUTHORS: Kontorovich, I. Ye., Vul'f, D. A., Sekey, A. G.
-FITLE: On non-oxidizing heat treatment of a I X 18 H 9 T (ahiftqr) steel
strip using electric preheating
ARIODICAL. Referativnyy zhurnaLl, Metallurgiya, no. 2, 1963, 121, abstract 21693
("Sb. tr. Mosk. vech. metallurg. in-ta", 1962, no. 4, 65 - 73)
TEXT: The authors established techniques for the non-oxidizing;heat- treat-
ment of a lKhl8N9r )steel strip (excluding etching). It is recommended to pre-
heat the strip for quenching (to 1,150 - 1,1700C) during 5 - 10 minutes in a
muffle inductor with a transverse magnetic field in shielding atmosphere (argon)
and to conduct subsequent quenching in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. Non-oxidizing
heat treatment yields on the surface a very thin and dense passivating film, ex-
eludes metal loss during the formation of scale and etching. The use of non-
oxidizing heat treatment with high-speed electric heating makes it possible to
produce highly efficient automated continuous cold-rolling-heat treatment-lines.
The economical profit of non-oxidizing heat treatment of the strip is confirmed
approximate technical and economical IqdIces.
Abstracter's note: Complete translationj A. Babayeva
r
Card 1/1

ACCESSION NR: AT4040797 S/2685/63/000/002/0031/0040
AUTHOR: Kontorovich, L Ye.; Vinogradakaya, Ye. L.
.TITLE: CiFidd-atiZ reZe of low and high alloy steels at high temperatures
*SOURCE: AN LatSSR. Institut avtomatW i mekhaniki. Prevra~hcbenlya v splavakh I
jvzaimodeystviye faz, no. 2, 1963, 31-40
:TOPIC TAGS: steel, steel oxidation; low alloy steel, high alloy steel, oxidation'resistant
steel, steel A, steel U8, steel 38KhA, steel 40KhNMA, steel EZh-2, steel D, steel V, steel:
;G, steel D, steel calorizing, steel composition, high temperature steel, calorization film
~composition, high temperature diffusion
!ABSTRACT- Samples of nine steels (see Table 1 In the EnclosurO were tested for up to 210
:hrs. at 960C or up to 50 hrs. at 1000C, either prior to or after calorizing (49% Al, 49% A1203;
A NH4Cls 5 hrs. 900C), to determine the effects of chemical composition on resistance to
oxidation at high temperatures. It was found that calorizing improves oxidation resistance of
,high alloy steels. For steels with the highest resistance, improvement was noted during the'
"initial oxidation period, while the effect was eildent over extended periods for steels with
;substandard initial resistance. Chemical composition of the core continued to affect wddaUon
1/3

iACCESSION NR. AT4040797
;resistance even after calorizing, due both to diffusion processes occurring during prolonged I
exposures to high temperatures and, -equally so, to the varying composition of surface filras
;forming during the calorization of various steels. Orig. art. has: I table and 4 graphs.
WSOCIATION- Institut avtomatiki i mekhanild AN LaWR (rustltute of Automation and
~Mechanics, AN LatSSR)
ISUBMYrTED: 00 DATE SEL: 15Jul64 ENCL: 01
NO RE F SOV. 002 MHER: 005
SUB CODE:' MM
fit
d 2/3
0
4 0 0
0.41 37 0.77 1,72 0,25
41 0*6'
0118 .65
0
Ezh-2 W ~.U 13.1 -
11
0.11 Jo3 0.71 16.3 25.4
"8 n1o3
~OO.'4
0.41 GIs 0.53 13.4 * 6.25
1 6.3
0.46 . 0 I.S -
046 0
V 0.3 O.W 0.34 14.2 44 2.5 0.25
0 Q.W
G .. 0.56 22,s I
1067 2.33 -
D
Table 1:
e,
Cara 3/3

L 13goo-65 :-7,4T(m)/L-WP( (t;)/EWP(k)/-.?(b) Pf_4113u-4
4P ~,a
1113D(!-)-3 JD/F,.'/JG/4K
ACCESSION NRI AT4046833 S/0000164/000/00010147/0149
A av
'AUTHOR: kon-t-ar o-itch- _k U L Y 0 s. tul inZ
;TITLEt Effect of titanium.11nd molybdenum an the recrystallization and
strengthening of niabrum alloys
E: AN SSSR. Nauchny*y aovet po probleme tharoprochny*kh avlavov
:SOURC to.
issledovaniya staley i splavov (Studies on steels and alloys). Moscow#
:Izd-vo Nauka, 1964, 147-149
I 1 .1
XOPIC TAGSt niabium.alloy, niobium, -titanium aLloy, niobtum mo,tybdanum
!alloy, alloy recrystallization, temperature, alloy hot hardness, alloy I
:tensile strength
ABSTRACT: The effect of individual alloying with 2, 5. or IGZ Ti. or
with '1, 7, or M Ko, on the rearystallization temperature and mechan-
ical properties of ntobium alloys has been investigated. I~Niobtum.
Nb-Ti- and Nb-llo-alloyin:gots were vacuum-arc maltg-d- forg'ad at 1500-1550C
-into bars 30 mm , in- -diameter t,,_VAC%tUM-&nnG aled forfil br at 1400C and
11600C ~ f or NV TL -and _,Kb Ma alloys,' -respectively g and then cold-forged
;with a 70% reduction into bark 15 ma~Ln diameter. The temperature at*.-
iCard I/ 3'~f

L 138oo-6$,
.ACCESSION UR ATO -33--
the beginning of recrys tall i zation was determined by measuring the
hardness of the alloys annealed at 800-1600C for 1 hr in a vacuum of
5,10-5 mm 11g. The most marked softeninq was observed in Nb-Ti alloys
12, 5. or IOZ TO and Nb-Mo alloys (5 or 7% Mo) after annealing at
9100-950 and 1150C. respectively. The hardness of the Nb-10% Mo alloy
decreased gradually as the annealing temperature increased to 1400C.-
c r o gtructure analysis 6hrwed that unalloyed Nb begins to crystallize
at 1050-1100C, llb-Ti alloys with up to 10% Ti, at 1000-11DOC, and
Nb-~'o alloys with up to 7% Ho, at 1150-1250C. IQ W-10% Mo alloys. nev
recr!.qtallized grains appeared after annealing at 120OC; at 1300C,
L(le primary recrystallization ended and a marked grain growth began.
Hot hardness and tensile teste were conducted at temperatures up to
lin a vacuum of 5-10-4 mm Hg, The ttat results showed that the
hot hardneso of unaLlo-yed W and -Nb-TL rind Nb:-Mo- aLloys decrease$
appreciably at 900-950c',, although alloys with IOZ Ho have a sub~qtan_
OR
;t" tiaI17 higher hot hardness than Mb and Nb-Ti alloys. Alloying Nb with
10', Ti decreases the tensile strength of Nb alloys, whereas alloying-
vip-h 2-10Z Ho significantly increases it, e.g., from 20 kg/mm2 in
V'j unalloyed Nb to 45-50 kg/mm2 in annealed alloys with 7-10% Mo at ~100M
OrtS. art, hast 3 figures.
card z/3

i
Card 3/3 -- --

2--
E Pad iir--(c MX-.41JDI
L~~
W-/j
ACCESSION N-R: AP5018179 UR/0148/65/000/007/0145/0149
669. 15-194:669. 2624. 66. 046. 51:620. 193. 91
~IUTIMR- Kontorovich, 1. Ye., Boshedchenk-o, B. M., Buntushlkin V P.
_MTT ILE.- Effect of alloying elements on the aging of a IQ1511;85~ go] id solution
SOURCE: 5--TjZ. Charnaya met urglyaL,' no. 7, 1965, 145-149
TC)PTC- TAGS: nickel alloy, chromium alloy, aluminum: titaxilium, molybdenum, ttmagraten,
~-,-,~Jal ~. al loy lian-lening, alloy structure, alloy aginl:,F,,'Khl5N85 a-Hov
ABSTRACT: Thb effect of
mid Co on the change in the structure and
rf flle7~0 ~h-nu~ri nickel-cl`Lromium- solid solution MilFiNIM.5 w-p-s lnvesiif~ated.
-Z -jf Nlil 5N35 containin one of the following elomfnU, 7 i 0
2.05-14.60"r Ivio, or pre,~)ar- ~-,v sintering
4:
, - - 1 ~-! - ~4'
n-C pov.'ders, and were studied
8 0 C !TI air, and after aging at 68flIC for various po-i~,dH w* time. 10:letillo-
-tlilodL; wore used, 'Uld 1-110 dpfl~;:~% tri,
%-iriou.~ phases, as %veli as the macrnhar~~ietis of tht -,verfa (i(3L,(!r-
.-'~e data obtained for the changes in structure and propertics. lead, Lhe amhors to
--cl-siorw concerning the mechanism of the hardening process durmg quenching
cafo'

:--L 62599-6-5
ACL;ESS-ION NR- AP5018179
-I c ex ah s e
it
f ,hq, iflov,3, The presence of molybdenum and tun~Fq ompi oy d
Ilig 11
-11,tiji-e ~jpd 11
u, UiaL of nickei, Orig. alt. haa:
ZISISOCINTION: A-Tostmvaldy vechemik MGMUlargichesk-ly institut (Divioscow Evening
MetaligilgigaL basltitute~
T:
SIC, M,17TT E D- 13VTar64 ENCL! 00 SUB CODE: MIN
NO REF SOV- 006 OTHER: 000
Card 2/2 /1-

-KO-N-TQKV1QH.,-,;~jeq, doktor tekhn. nauk; KOLESNIKOVI A.P., inzh.;
TAMARINA, A.M., inzh.; TKACHENKOI V.I., inzh.; TSERLYUKY M.D., inzh.
Increasing engineering properties of steel castings at low
temperatures. Stroi. i dor. mash. 10 no-4:32-33 Ap 165.
(MIRA 18:5)

KONTOROVICH _.I., Ye. ; LAYNTUI, Ye.V.
Standard nets of off-baBe projection axes for a hexagonal tightly
packed lattice* Zav. lab. 31 no. 12tl480-W,3 165 (1411RA 19tl)
1. Moskovskiy vechernly se-tallurgicheakiy 3nstituto

"0
(04~~4p(WVZWPM IJP(C) Kiw/iv/j(l
kCC Ngo AP6003302 S=Cz CODE: OR/0129/66/000/0011001910021
THOR: Kontorovich 1. Ye.- Vashedchenko,'B H.; Buntushkin, V. P.
'G. Mollcow Aveging KjtallurAical institute (Koikovskty vachernyy metallucgicheskLy
Y
Istitut)
ITLE: Effect of molybdenum an the propertiem of Khl5H85 Ni-Cr alloy
5 ij 1-1
)URCE: Metallovedeniye I termicheskaya abrabotka metallov, no. 1. 1966, 19-21
TIC TAGS,. nickel containing alloy, chromium containing alloy, molybdenum, metal
.rdening, hardness, metal dding, phase compoattion / Khl5H85 Hi-Cr alloy
;SI?ACT: Melts of this alloy, containing different proportions of Mo and Cr (2*05.
20, 4.10 and 14.6% Ho and 15.2, 16031g and 13.0Z Cr, respectively) were pre-
red by the powder-metallurgy methodJ e c6preaaicn-molded specimens (lOxlOx7O mm)
re'sintered at 1180'C in ahydrogen.atmosphere for 4 hr with subsequent cooling in a
ream of hydrogen. Following hardening at 1090*C for 8 hr and aging at 680% for
to ?0 hr the properties of the specimens were investigated* Radiographic aad chemIcal
,see' analyses showed that the malts containing up to 4.10% No after hardening have a
.ngle-phase, austenitic structure, uhile the melt with 14,6% No has a two-phase auo-
initic structure; the second phase, which segregates around the grain boundaries, is
Iyb4enum-rich. The density ~f the welts increases with increasing NO COntd*t: fOIICW-"
ird 1/2 UDC: 669#14.018.45128

-C
R, WAVO 3 TO
9 T--enching the specific weight of the melts with 2.05,4.1 and 14.6% Mo increased
0.13, 1.8 and 4.6%, respectively, compared wLth the Md-free Ni-Gr alloy. The hard-
sa of the alloys increases with increasing Ho content: the specimens with 14.67.
hAve a hardness of RV - 335 compared with 217.for the Ho-free specimens. no
#tion of Mo also enhances the 'electric resifitivity of the alloys. After aging 24
at 6800C the alloys acquire optimal hardness, since any longer aging causes a
:rease in the hardness of the austeniteo The variations in hardness following brief
tng apparently are a consequence of Intragranular processes -- the redistribution
alloy elements and, possibly, the-variation in the density of dislocationse Orise.
t. has: 2 tablesp 3 figures.
8 CODE: 110 130' 20/ SUBM none/ 00 MW 1 '000/ OM REF: -000
24,k

NR- AP6003302 SOURCE CODE: UR/0129/66/000/001/0019/0021'
AUTHOR: Kontorovich, I. Ye.; Voshedchenko, B. M.; Buntu-hkLEQ.V?'CE COPY
I
MOt Movow gv*ntn$ Moollurgical Inatituto (Mo3kovski vache
'MtyjTVjft_UAirgic askiy
r ~9~1_
institut) U-by I
TITLE: Effect of molybdenum on the properties of Khl5N8~ tk~Vcara*otogy Division
L_
SOURCE: Metallovedeniye i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, no. 1,1966, 19-21
TOPIC T&GS: nickel containing alloy, chromium containing alloy, molybdenum, metal
hardening, hardness, metal aging, phase composition / Khl5N85 Ni-Cr alloy
ABSTRACT: Melts of this alloy, containing different proportions of Mo and Cr (2.05,
2.20, 4.10 and 14.6% Mo and 15.2, 16.3, 15.25 and 13.0% Cr, respectively) were pre-
pared by the powder-metallurgy method. The compression-molded specimens (lOxlOx7O MM)
were sintered at 1180*C in ahydrogen atmosphere for 4 hr with subsequent cooling in al
stream of hydrogen. Following hardening at 1080*C for 8 hr and aging at 680*C for 1
2 to 20 hr the properties of the specimens were investigated. Radiographic and chemicai
phase analyses showed that the melts containing up to 4.10% Mo after hardening have a
single-phase, austenitic structure, while the melt with 14.6% Mo has a two-phase aus-
tenitic'structure; the second phase, which segregates around the grain boundaries, is
molybdenum-rich. The density of the melts increases with increasing Mo content: follou--
Card 1/2 UDC: 669.14.016.45'28

~ACC - NRt AP60343827 --SOURCC06DE~-uR/0149-/661000/005/012~-./0128
AUTHOR: ..Kontorovich, 1. Ye.; Layner, Ye. V.; Rastorguyevi L. N.
O'RG; Moscow Evening Institute of Metallurgy (Moskovskly yecherniv Retallurgicheekly
TITLE-' Effect of heat treatment on the texture of titanium alloys with electro--!
deposite d chromium and nickel
"'SOURCE: IVUZ. Tsvetnaya metallurgiyd, no. 5, 1966, 124-128
TOPIC TAGS: electrodeposition, mtal grain structure, x; ray diffr.-tction analysisj
cnroma.um -plating, annealing# nickul plating# cold. rollings titanium, titanium allov
_VT1 titanium, OT4 titanium alloy
ABSTRACT:. Texture.of VTl commercial-grade titanium and OT.4 titani.im alloy cold
rolled with 20-301 reduction and plated with chromium and nickel *Jas been investi-
.kated, In the initial condition or after vacuum.(5-10'4 Hg) annealLing at 600, 700, oz
*800C.-for 30.min, x-ray diffraction patterns showed that the dispe-'sion of texture
-in VTl and OT4 alloy was more sharply expressed and the slope of t.!e basis plane to
the rolling plaqe was greater compared to the texture of titanium :olled with a
reduction of 75-97%. Annealing increased the angle between the lling and the basi
planes in OT4 alloy, but the opposite effect was observed in VTl ..loy'. The texture
of electrodeposited chromium and nickel has axial characteristics No structure re-
lationship beEween the titanium base and the chromium layer was c ;erved because
Card 1/2 UDC: 669.546.821.54L' 76.542.65.74
ACC NR: AP6034382
chromium was deposited on a hydrated titanium substrate which pr,
growth. Orig. art. has: 2 figures and 3 tables.
SUB CODE: ll/ SUBM DATE: 19Jul65/ ORIG REF: 007/ .&H REF:
I

240)
AUTHORS: Levin, B. Ye., Kontorovich, L. I.- SOV/46-23-3-29/34
TITLE: On the Report by N. A. Smollkov and Yu. P. Simanov (Po dokladu
N. A. Smollkova i Yu. P. Simanova). "Properties of Solid
--ow MgFe
11 (Vol 23, Nr 3, P 307) ("Svoystva
Solutions NiFe
0
0
2
2
4
4
tverdykh rastvorov NiFe 2 04---* MgFe 204(t.23, No 3, str.307)).
On the Problem of Thermodynamics of the Reactions of Ferrite
Formation (K voproau o termodinamike reaktsiy ferritoobrazo-
vaniya)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR. Seriya fizicheskaya, 1959,
Vol 23, Nr 3, P 419 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The formation of ferrospinels in solid phase takes place
during the production of ferrites from pure oxides. In the
temperature range of up to 1,3500 approximatelyg applied to
the production of ferritest the liquid phase is either not
formed at all or in small quantities only. The thermodynamic
analysis of ferrite formation shows that the formation of
ferrites in the solid phase is characterized by a system with-
out degrees of freedom. There is a thermodynamic probability
Card 1/2 of ferrite formation from pure oxides at temperatures of up

'On the Report by N. A. Smollkov and Yu. P. Simanov. SOV/48-23-3-29/34
"Properties of Solid Solutions NiFe 0 --0-MgFe 0 1# (Vol 23, Nr 3, P 307)-
2 4 2 4
On the Problem of Thermodynamics of the Reactions of Ferrite Formation
to 2980 K and below. Depending on the presence of impurities
the ferrite formation from technical substances proceeds in a
complex thermodynamic:system and may be characterized by
several degrees of freedom. It is possible to determine the
probability of the course of ferrite formation in these cases
on the basis of experimental thermodynamic characteristics of
ferrite formation. From publications (Refs 1-5) it was possible
to obtain data on thermodynamic properties only in the case
of magnesium ferrite (MgO + Fe293 . MgFe204 ). There,are
5 references, 3 of which are Soviet.
Card 2/2

1.01TATION sqv^893
PWR I BOOK EX
vo 3tva=
8
:
Vaesoyuznoys sove3ho hanlye po fizi 6, flzIkO-kh-'-tco*skI;
!
1
11
1959
forrItor I rizicheakin canovam ikh priamtrenlY2. 36 . 3k
Forrity; fizicheeklys I fIZ1kO-khlMIche3kIye avc"tvs. Dckl&dY
orts)
Re
s
ti
e
.
p
(Forrites; Physical and Physleochomic&2 Proper
d

.
Ninsk, I d v0 AN BM, p, jrsta slip Inserte
z _ 1960. 655 -
4,000 copies printed.
Sponsoring Agencies. gauchoyy sovgt p0 magnetiz= AX -'-"SR. Otdol
fIxlkj tvardogo tols I poluproyodnikov AX SSSR.
ZdltorI&I board: 160P. Rd.: I. N. Slrota. Academician Of the
Academy of Sciences aMR; a. P. Belov. Professor; Is. 1. Kondor-
-
P
r0
skly, Professor; 11. N. POlIV&n9v; Professor*. R. V. TolesnLn,
-
t
r
e o
ts, Candida
fessor; 0. A. 3molonakly. professor; N. X. Shol

r
Physical and Rathematleal Sciences, 1. X. Smcl,xz .1'01 and
l
T
h
ec
.
-7avotly,
L.A. RAshkIrOVj Rd. of Publishing House. 3. Kho
Sd.: 1. Tolokhan*vlch.
-MPOUs-ra-fa-Vo-oV-ro-Tn-Cin-d-id-fdf-phisle.tst3. PhY31 C&I Cho MI
Mdla electronics engineer@, and technical personnel engaged in
the production end use of rarromagnotLe materials. It may also
be used by students In advanced courses In radio electronics.
physics. " physical ch*mlstr7.
COVIRAOX: The book contains reports presented at the Third All-
Union Conference on Porrlt*s hold in ItInsk. bslc~.sslan M.
The reports deal with magnetic tran*for~atlo=. electrical and
galvanomagnotic properties of forritos, studios or the growth
or ferrite single crystals. problems in tb* choxical and physt-
tochealcal analysis or rerrites. studies of forrites having
rectangular hystereals loops and =ultIco=pon*zt ferrite systozz
exhibiting spontaneous rectangularity. problezz In =aVnetlc
attraction, highly coercive rorritoo, magnetic spectroscopy.
forromagnetIc resonance. magn*to-optlcs, pft"IC&2 V-11nelples of
using ferrite components In electrical circuits, =isotropy of
electrical andmagnotle properties. etc. The CO=LtZ*e on Mag-
netism, AS USS (3. V Vonsovskly, Cha_-.~) OrganlZed the Can-
terence. . References iccompany Individual articles.
Porrites (Cont.) sorA893
,
7. V., X 3akhnovich and B. Kh. Soe-n. Do-
_jLts
-
-
o
_X.
'
"1
Lion
p
_DTr
Or -n 9 -t-riataent
in an
Oxidizing Atmos
h
ere
p 170
11, A. Xffect of Cooling Rate an the F.&V_
~etle
=Ve
.. &no r"st CODPOBItIcn Of the System NIO-zno-P.
0 17V
2
3
A
')4
B'Lsbklrov, L. A.
-A. P
PAILln
and N
it
S
'
.
,
.
.
.
Irgt&. Xnvesti-
gatlon or the Rignotle Propertloo or the T*r~.ry Sjmtse,
XlF4204_PV&204-ZnPG204 183
T Some Proportion and Rlcro3tructu" or
:Wff11jjPWpjV
~
UM Forritem 196

2
-
tlg.tl.n or the C.n.tant or Me Rag-
h_44
_v
v;
T
T
.
.
.
.
A.,.,t,.,, .,
,
,
. r lyer"tallin* Nickel and J0A49MeX4=
Forrites by a Nothod of Approaching Kagn*olua S&tur.&tl -an 199
Card TAB
card 4Ae

~ . a e oil W ,
F444-jit-o-
k 1, 11 jI isa'4 11 'S I# 'R J)'')
oo a
so J, j
00
0o 91 5048. DETMISITIONS OF SMU ANOWS OF ORGLIUC bDUHUR IN GM45. -00
lAb., 1947# _*0
111inekayn, A. A. ndkontorovichp L. M. (Zavodskaj
12, 29-321 Chem. Abstr_,_,'19411__UV U15). -06
he method consists in combustion In a furnace
go ii! . 2tO S02, absorption
in neutral 3% N 0 resulting in oxidation to S04- , and measurement
o a!-':, of the electricil2conductivity of the solution or titration with 0.0 =00
g:. Of, or C H
11 IIAOH. in gas mirtures with known contents of.CS2 4
,48, result
00 a, were quantitative at a rate of flow of 300 1/#r and combustion at zoo
*0 7M-800A; under these conditions, N in the gas does
am Presence of
00 :11 not intorfere, as no N oxides ormed. Bell& 7000 and at too Zoo
*0 high ratoe of flow, combustion to incomplete; above eMO results o
Mej are high. ~iood agreement wIth gravistotric daterminationa. At
4, loweab S contents, 1 mg./cu.m., the or-or attained 10-15%. 'rho com- 410
bustion takes 30 min.and subsequent operations 15-20 min., as against
6 60 aeveral hre required by the gravimtric method.
A I t AVITALLUCU'At MURATLtt CLASWICATICO E-Z"
Its*
ov,
_;6 W i r i -6 - 0 -r--T-rI
TTI U St I, I IF 14 a
V ry 11 If (V KRafts Raft [car
~7
IM
0 0 *'o 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 0 * 0 9 0 0 9 41 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 0
0 40fo 00 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 V* 0 0 0 0 0 9 e 0 0 0 0

C

WolumeWe de:terminadon of innIvure in 2~-!tzr--T V
L11 I'
-G*sV=61.~ InaLrasy tedaki 1932 Y witbou-t
or bi-ank ttAt 6 dtw-ib~NL If iix~~
-57-
Card
- ---- -------- ijWF-
U hysicai-Chemistry Thermod7tsmics, Thermochenistry, Equilibria,
Physical-Chemical Analysis, Phase Trani3itions. B-8
Abs Jour; Parerat. Zhurnal Kh'-' , No 2, 195B.- 382D-
tem1perature of aqueous solutions of I of various concentration.
A description of the used equipment is given.
Card P-/2 -58-

KONTOROVICH, L.H.; KLIIVKE, V.A., kand.tekhn.nauk
Physteochemical constants of nitrates. Part 2. Trudy GIAP
no.7'31-37 '57. (KIRA 12:9)
(Nitrates)

KONTOROVICH,. L.H.; SOLOVOY39VA, I.G.; IZVCHENKO, G.T., kand.kh1m. nauk
Determining the nitrogen content of ammonium malts by the formalin
method. Trudy GIAP no.8:243-245 '57. (MIRA 12:9)
(Ammonium salts) (Formaldehyde)

EDNTORDVICR CHINW, G.T., kand. khim. nauk
Use of infrared rays for-desiccation In determining the moisture
content and insoluble rji~Uua of salts. Trudr GIAP no.8:246-247
'57. (MIRA 120)
(wts) ~iln'frared rap)

IWAMENt A.V.; LEVCHENK09 G.T.; SERINA9 G.N.; BOBROVA,
V.P.; STEPANOVAJ, V.A.
Chromatographic analysis of acetylenio hydrocarbons. Zav.lab.
28 no.2:146-148 162. (IMIA 1~0)
I* Gosudarstvemyy naUChno.-Iseledovatellskiy i proyektnn
institut azotnoy promyshiennosti i produktov organicheskogo
sinteza.
(Hydrocarbons) (Chromatographic analysis)

SAVELtYEV, V.P.; KOVALISKAYA, A.V.: BERUKOV, F.V.; GALKIN, Yu.P., KROKHOTIN,
A.I.; Slllr-,GUBYJN, V.V.; EPSh-M-11, A.L.; TSIRKIN, Y.Z.; LA7RUSFJIIA,
G19AREV, A.A.; KONTOROVICH, L.M.; KOROLD, V.N.,- USTD4ENKO, I.L.;
RUMAICOVY S.N.; POLUSHKIN, M.K.; LIBE, N.A.; IVANOV, N.P.; D'YACHEPIKO,
U.1.; FILIPPOV, I.F.; KHUTORETSSKIY, G.M.; VARTAWYAll, G.P.; RUSOV, Ye,Kh.;
BARKAN, L.Z.; KOLONSKAYA, L.M.; GORBATENKO, F.I.
Inventions. Energ. i elektrotekh. prom. no-4:39 O-D 164.
(MIPLA 18:3)

KCROLEV, V.N.p inzh,; TSIRKIN, M.Z.,t inzh.; IAVRUSHM, N.S.,, inzh.;
I, inzh.,- GUBAREV. A.A. 0 inzh.; Prinimal
uchastiye MELISWEYN,.L.G.
Twulation of.bar winding heads.of the.stators of,hydrogenerators and
turbogenerators. Elektrotekhnika 36 no,8:16-18 Ag 165. (MIRA 18:9)
lo Ieningradskiy filial Vsesoyuznogo nauchnc>-Jssledovatellskogo in-
stituta elektromekhaniki (for Mellshteyn).

MINTS, L.Ye., starshiy nauchnyy
red.; KONTORQUC j L
H J...
NOVOZHILOVI V.V.p piiof.,
SHEVCHENKO, G.N.p tekhn,
sotr.,- NEMCHIINOVj, V.S.,, akademiklotv.
WIEV, I.A., red. toma;
red. toma; K
red. toma; LUCHKINA, A.11.9 red. izd-va;
red.; GOLUB', S.P., tekhn. red.
(Transactions of the Scientific Conference on the-Application of
Mathematical Methods in Economic Research and Planaing] Trudy Ha-
uchnogo soveshchenlia a prizenenii matematicheskikh metodov v eko-
nomicheskikh fssledovaniiakh i planirovanii. Moskva$, Izd-vo Akild.
nauk SSSR. Vol.l. [General problems in the use of mathematics in
economics and planning] Obshchie voprosy primeneniia matematiki v
ekonomike i Planirovanii. 1961. 291 p. (MIRA 15:1)
1. Nauchnoye soveshchaniye o primenenii matematicheskikh metodov v
ekonomicheakikh issledovaniyakh i planirovanii. 1960. 2. Cblen-
korTespondent.Akademii nauk SSSR (for Kontorovich).
(Economics., Mathematical)

S/125/61/000/003/0.'-)9/016
A16i/Ai,,23
AUTHORSs Safonnikov, A.N.; Medovar, B.I.1 Kontorovich, L.Ye.j Kh1mushin,
F.F.
TITLE: Heat-resistant 3W793 (E1703) alloy welded by electro-slag prc.-eaB
with plate electrodes
PERIODICAL.- Avtomaticheskaya svarka, no. 3, 1961, 68 - 74
.TEXT: The E1703 alloy is a substitute of the 30435 (E1435) and U602
(EI602) nickel alloys used for combustion chambers and rings in gas turbines. It
has a slightly higher heat-resistanee at high temperatures than E1431- and nearly
the same as EI602,. gLnd a high ductility. Its chemical composition is-tha -Pol low-
ing: 0.06 - 0.1:*;d~`-1;;0.8% Si- '90.7% Mn, 40.C" S, 40-030% P, 20 - 23% :,'L, 35
- 40% Ni, 2.5 - 3-54'w, 0.7 - 1.2% Ti, or 1.2 - 1.7% Nb, 4 0.5% Al, 0.05% Ce':'
The article presentv .'details of ele~tro-slag welding tests with E1703 alloy forg-
ings with 120 by 120 mm cross section area, produced by the "Elektrostal"' Plant.
Plate electrodes used as filler metal had the same width as the forgings being
joined, and 12 to 18 mm thickness. The welding equipment consisted of a A-550
apparatus and a TALC-3000/1 (TShS-3000/1) transformer. The A-550 welder parmit-
Card 1/3

s/i25/6i/coo/on3/009/016
Heat-resistant 90703 (E1703) alloy welded by.... A161/A133
ting plate electrode feed variations in a range of from 0,9 to 17 m1h had been
described (Ref. 21 Opyt vnedreniya avtomata A-550 dlya elektrcshlakcvoy sv&rki
plastinchatym elektrodom. Avtomaticheskaya svar%&, nc. 11, 1959). Four t~rpea Cf
flux were triedi three fused fluoride type AO-6 (ANP-6), AW-b-7 (ANT-'T), atia
AW14 (W-14) and nonfuBed A4-1 (ANF-1) (fluorite concentrate"I. The latter
flux proved not suitable for the EI703 alloy because of a dangerous defesl~ - the
weld metal did not fuse with the base metal. [Abstracter's note. -711he zhe-mical
composition of the fluxes is not given.! The following welding technolegy is re-
commended as a result of experiments welding the EI703 alloy with K1703 Plate LOO,
electrodes and the base metal dimensions as above (120 x 120 mm): Plate elec-
trode 12 by 120 mm, 1,500 4-2,000 amp, plate electrode feed velocity 2.24- 2.5'
m/h; starting voltage 33 v; voltage in established process 284-31 v,. either
ANF-14 or ANF-7 flux; flux quantity of 300 9; slag pool depth of 18 mml~ gap
between welded elements 40 mm. The soundness of joint is illustrated in a Photo.
The mechanical strength of welds was slightly lower than that of the ba-=e metal,
but the heat resistance was cloz-e to the one required by specifications. 1'. is
stressed that the required quality of welded Joints is only possible when the
prescribed process technology is followed strictly. Hot cracks are pc.Bsible when
the metal pool is deep. The rupture strength of the welded joints amountea ~.c
Card 2,/3

S/12,=/61/000/003/009/016
Heat-resistant 703 (E1703) alloy welded by.... A1611AI33
about 75% of the heat resistance of base metal. Technician B.R. Kleinerman is
mentioned having participated in the tests. There are 6 figures, 3 tables and 4
Soviet-bloc references.
ASSOCOATIONS: Ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Znanemi Institut elektrosvarki imeni Ye.
0. Patona AN USSR ("Order of the Red Banner of Labor" Electric
Welding Institute im. Ye.O. Patona AS UkrSSR) (A.N. Safennikov and
B.I. Medovar); L.E. Kontorovich and F.F. Khimushin (Moscow)
SUBMITTED: june 8, ig6o
00"
Card 3/3

1.1-soo
32960
S/125/62/000/001/007/011
.36/D'l*
Do ~L 3
AUTHORS: Safonnikov, A.N.i Medovar, B,I. (see Association); Kont..'--z)-
Vic Khimushin, F.F. (Moscow)
TITLE: Electroslag welding of VZhlOO (EP126 brand) iron-chro;:le-n-ickel
heat-res-istant alloy by a plate electrode
PERIODICAL: Avtomaticheskaya svarka, no. 1, 1962,, 59-63
TEXT: The authors describe the technolo y developed for the electros"ag-
welding o1-8XOO (VZh!00) (3n126 [EP126j) brand iron-chrome-nickel heat-
resistant alloy by a plate electrode. This alloy, which c=tains less nick.-
ol than the3W703 (B1703) alloy, is recommended for -carts vorking at high
temDeratures and undn!r considerable loads; the chemical comDos-ition is as
follor's: (in %) 0,04 0, 0.51 Si, 0.27 h1n, 19. 6 Cr, 27- 8 Ili, 4,78 W, 2.90 Mo.
1-05 Nb, 0 2 IT O.OuS B. The eleci-ooslagr weldinj~ experiments were carried
out with 9; x ~O' mm forgings by means of 90 x 700 mm forged plate electrodoo
whose thickness varied from 12 to 35 mm. The welding conditions Wern as
lollovis: welding current - 1,200-6,000 ampo ~--l `0-40 v, eie,-trod,~ fe'~(!
0.9-5,0 m/hr, depth of slaG~ pool - 10-22 AH~-6 (ANF-6), AFJ~.,--7 (ANF-7)
Card 1/3

32960
Electroslag welding of S/125/62/000/001/007/011
DOWD113
andnH4-14 (ANF-14 ),welding fluxes were tried. The butt-joint -ap variei
.Lrolm 30 -~o 42 mm. Preliminary tests showed that weldinG with large currenrs
and low volt-ages caused hot crystallization cracks to form in the weld medal.
Increasing 'the voltage when welding with AITY-6 flux sometimes led to the ap-
pearanc- of slight-cold shuts and slag inclusions ir, the weld metal a-and
the fusion line, Perfect welds were obtained with AIiF-14 and AIU-7
under the following welding conditions: welding cur_rent -- 1~500-1.80C;
electrode feed - 2-3.5 m/hr; idle-run voltage - .53 v, weld-Ing voita,~,-
30 v; gap --- 36 min, depth of slag pool - 22 mm; lhickn,2ss off platQ elks
trode - 1^4 mrn. After heat treatment)t*he hardness of Hhe aeld Metal
ed that of the base metal. When a VZhIOO electrode zas used, the tiltimtift,,
ot-rength and yield limits of the .,,reld metal at room. tewperatt~re were -A
the limit5 of the baee metalt for extension and uc-ntrcct ion this: pe_rce~ t,,-,
was 50-6VIb an-! for 40~a. At 6500C ~he ,il-limatil st_,-I-n-~" "J'
weia ,new wan about O(Y;'o of that of the baso motall~. I'lic
contraction valuev of the weld met'al LLpPro,LC'IW_4(, 1,1'!0,;(,' 0i
Tests for long-term heat-rcsi~;tance sho-ued Thai' tlhe ~,,;-Dld wa,~ not, i-,
~r-rior to the base metal n this res-ne::t. The a--- fc.'I"
Card 2/3

L 1"22-_W EWF(k)/EWP(q)/EWT(m)/BDS AFFTG/ASD-. F-P-~4
ACCESSIM HR: AP3001117 8/012-5/63/1000/007/0029/0033
AUTI[M- Saftnaikov, A. M.; Kbataravin& L- Ye- Woscov);
TIM: . Electroslp-g we of KhION129-bM chro3dun-nickel steels- (si6q6-.,=69CA,'-*
de fb
E1696M) )tith a flat electro I
Avtcmaticheskaya avarkm., xto- 7, 1963., 29-33
TOPIC TAGS -. EI696 steel electroslag welding, E169(A steel electroslag velding,
E1690,t steel electroslag welding E1696 Pteel veldability, 10-20-type steel weld-"
.4-696 steel veld prope
ing, B . rues" t1696 steel rupture life
ABSTRACT: of Ei696 (go x9o =), EI690.1 (go x go =), and E16q(A
(120 x 12.0 nfn) chrcmi=-nickel steels were electroslag-welded with forged flat
electrodes made of the same steels and E1435 and E1437B alloys EATSI Himonle 751
and Nimonic 8M. respectively]. The fluxes used were ANY-7 and AIM-14, coatein-
ing respectively 1.2 and 141IVp silicon dioxide, 78-4 and 61.4~ calci= fluoride,
and 2.6 and 4.% aluminum cecide. (Flux AITF-14 also acntained 74 1490.) In wea-
inG -dith the E1690-1 electrode,,bot cracks occurred In the velds vhen hi& current,
and hi~~h welding speed were employed. Lack of fusion was noted with the use of
Card 1/3

T, 14422-~63
ACIMSION Nft: AP300111T-
the AIV-T flux. Welds made with B1435. electrodes were f1carless. mae E16q6,m
parent metal,, the Fu696m electrode used,, and the weld metal obtained vith M-7
flux had roughly the some crmposition- 0.04-0.06% C, 0.32-0.4% si, 0.38-0.4%1
7 Hn. 11.20~3_1.47% Cr, 23~2-23.6% n-P 1 35-1.53FP' MO - 2.04-2.88% Ti 0.3570.70~
.0 .020~ B. Welding cause! a slight los's of Ti and Al.' After an-
Al. and 0 15-0
nealing at 1170C for 2 hr and aging e1. 750C for 16 hr, the room-temperature
-tensile strenqthpf the weld metal, 78.4-- 90.8 kg/M2, and of the welded joint
76.8-78.2 kg/mm"- were lower than that of the parent metal (86.8-104.7 k MM2).
The corresponding figures for yield strenoh were 48.5-70.3, 48.0-4-8.81 and i
62.4-7o.2 kg/nM2;. for elongation, 12.0-17.2, 14.8-16.3, and 20.8-126.0%; end
for reduction of area, 16.4-31.2, 24.9-35.5, and 19.7-30.3%. At 700C, the
difference in properties was considerably less: the weld and the parent metal-
had, respectivelytensile strength of 72.6 and-69.2-76.0 kg/Mn2; elongation
of 5.6 and lo.2_2o.W,.; and reduction of area of'13.6 and 14#7-28.01%a. Com-
'pared. with the hardness of the parent metal (HB 260) the veld-mete.1 hardness
HB after
in -ile as-welded condition was much lower; however., it rose to 180-200
he-'-. trea`tment (the specifications call for EB 265). Welds made with the
-)7B electrode had a hardness of EM 220, whi6 increased-to IM 265 after heat
Card 2/3

- - - - - -- - - - -
L 14,1*22,~63 -
ACCESSION 0: AP3001117
eatment. In.stress-rupture tests at 700C, the Joints welded with the nxk~5_
alloy electrode haA very poor heat r"istance end rupture 3,jTa.,*der . a stress
of 30 kg/mm 2 was only 5 -hr; the Joints welded with the EIM -b~&d E1690.Nj elec-
trodes under a stress of 40 kg/M~2 had a_rUptur 2~
e 116'_Of 63-16 hr and 15
281 hr (specifications. call -for 100 hr). Welding of E1696 and E !696A steels
1which contain no molybderrian) Produced sufficiently ljqat-re istant elds Pro
s w
P
vided the electrodes used were of the same composition as the steels
,,,being
welded. The welds, however, were very susceptible to hot crap Vy-,
king.,,~ich could
not- be prevented by conventional me-ans. It is possible that the weldebility of
these steels can be improved by the electroslag melting of the parent metal.
Orig. art. has: 4 figures.and 3 tables.
A19=1ATION: Institut elektrosvarki im, Ye, 0. Patona AN USSR (Electric Welding
Institute, All-USSR)
SM-ME D: l6mar6l ACQ: 02-h63 ENCL: 00
SUB CODE-- MA, ML W M7 SM. 001 0=: 000
Card 3/3

KOMROVICH, 1-1. 1.
"On a 11ethod of Solution of Some Problems of the Diffraction Theory,"
Acta. Phys., 1, No. 3, 1939.
Leningrad Industrial Inst.
x

KOI-ITOROVICH, 1,11. 1.
"Concerning the Screening or Shielding Effects of Closed Grids,"
Journal. Tech. Phys. vol. 9, No. 24, 1939.
Leningrad Industrial Inst.
A practical methcd for calculating mesh screen dimensions by evaluating
a solid screen of equal dimensions.

It M Of 17 0
6 1 1 11 m It 4 It to 4 2, u I So Olin 11 U 11 -
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..P Perpt.l.t$ 1-1,
00 -0*
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00 IMI
-I&AM bumml b dw &Rod keelms- of wm
00 0 M. L
so & AM) UnMV, 1" 77, so
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PIP
lbeffoal braitlidows of capwiwn it mudw boo. goo
*0 ne wattwmtw expv"i" of the
0o rouw to comm mnly of -h-r
differemw wualkww the KQujk" of which am
so
ollumd by sn appm. nwthod. I-Of WWII SYPCI
00 of CPxkn a W"pb %*'6m is obumcd %Ntwh
40 a embles the ialtmim of thr hot* Proaft. dinuo-
00 X sk" And ille pnvwtim of Ow wW dObdric to tv
cakukow. VW approx. "tim is awnromd wth goo
00 s off"In A"%Va* ft*Aiom omahw by "Umai-I in. C;O a
sWation of the onowl ddkwmial c4tialloto Olki
found to tv In avownwa. r.
XOO
111*0
to
00
Do, U A 1 0, 1 L A CTALLUCrICAL Uttlaftillf C&AWMATION Itloo
'Ut 01.T it,
jr --F
go-, .3 a a 3 *i- 9
19 14 0 Iq (I tv I
1 10 0 0! -U
400000 *0 00 0004 0*:Oo;; 0 060
ZOO' 0 0 0 0 0
00 09 : : :~ * 0 o 0 s : 00 0, 00
006000000000004 :400000

A -C-j-.j-L 19 1
004
F4
0141 GeV
#
0
9
r4oc(Stef A.0
00

so

M Slactreaseen"k raw Through
0
0 IN a WavfteW (In Russlan.) M. 1. Konu

rh
T
00 .
..rxw of rech"i"I PArvies (U.S.S.R.Y, V.
'0
"
3
1047
M-Sea
P
'
.
'
.
,
,
ll&Wc squatloss are given for an Infinite length of
a tubular wayspIde made from perfectly con-
ducting material and divided by a perfectIr con-
ductin
f
r
t
d dl
h
dl

*0 o
e
e per
a
ragin perpen
cu sr to
sp
the axis of the tube. A statistical method I*

90 employed In the solution of the problem.
00

oil
"k
1; S 4. S L AWALLUNGICAL LjTtPATIA~t CLASSAFKAVOW
view, j1V'V)j..
.09
=00
4;0 0
zoo
NOW
al I %111141~ it a.. "t pullialt! Sitill lut G-V All
U is 10 so CA A S V FW 0 4-9 1 OF 0 9 a a 3 1 V
" ; " U, V? LF 0 a a tr xa x it it4 n I
0 : '0 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 0 0 * * 0 0 0 0 0 0

~.O~;TO'L%O.T'111. M. I .
Kontorovich, 11. 1. Onerational calculus and the non-stationary phenomena
in electric circuits Leningrad, Gos. izd-vo tekhn.-teoret. lit-ry, 1949. 214 p.
Fiziko-matematicheskaia biblioteka inzhenera (50-21900) QA432.K6

UBSR/Physics - Geometrical Optics; Elec- Nar 52
trodynamics
'Derivation of the Lavs of Reflection of Geometrical
Optics by Means of an Asymptotic Treatment of the
Diffraction Problem.." M. I. Kontorovich and Yu. K.
MuravIyev
"Zhur Tekh Fiz" Vol 22, NO 3, PP 394-408
Derives an asymptotic formula for surface integrals
of oscillating functions (method of stationary,
phase). Using this formula, establishes the coimec,
tion between the laws of reflection of geometrical
244T100
Optics and the laws of classical electrodynamics,
sta,rting from an integral formulation of the dif -
fraction problem. Submitted 8 Aug 51.
~4

244Tloo
I-A

ICONTOROVICHt M1MTT, TOSIFOVICH. N15
61-1.41
. K8
1955
Operatsionnoye Ischislenlye I NestatsionarrWe Yavloeniya V.
Elektricheskikh Tsepyakh (Operational Calculus and Non Stationary
Phenomena in Electrical Circuits) MoskvR, Gostekhizdat, 1953.
V. Diagra
Includes Bibliography.
Lib has: 1953
1955

E
7
sequNten tie it iiev'ratutottapinae it tiioti it it a ).I(, t", I) wiel-
lal't Explinx. [Operational talculu-i and noti
4
ho,.k
tht ippii-,".. -ii ~,~I Ow- Lapiacc
in electric circuit thc!Ory. For iht~ int;*it part, it is writtfn-i
for those whr, have completod on)v thv (-O~ -it a f-v
other topics re.g. Fourier series and ititugrids. ii~id con-
iour integration) vvnuid be. ne,.Ce~i'try -it tinics. MoA of the
book is devi-ited to a strictly torwial, aliau~,t cwwry. in-
troduction to the Up(ace transformation. with ma-ny
examples showing its application fly SiMIA" VILN-tric Z-,r-
(-Ijlt,~ Pr,~Horr,- ~!Iv . !I ", 1114~ "It
,i;~ Nl,%iin invrr~i,.;i fi~
i.j r
NI
i.orturiatt i~at a tew 5imple but a_s~tui to
.noch-imcal and electru-niechani(al ~:i
madt I R E Ga-.ke..' % 1,.. i~

U
-R/L
oo -lectronic.9 - Circuits FD-2530'
K 0 IV T- C' v i r- a, 171 jr
I ~'.d 1/1
Pub. 90 - 1/12
Author : Kontorovich, M. I., Active Member, VNORiE
Title : Basic Equations of a Tube Oscillator Under Steady-State Operating
Conditions in the Presence of Grid Currents
Periodicals : Radiotekhnika 10, 3-12 1 qS_~5_
Abstract : Stating that the influence of grid currents on the operation of
a self-excited tube oscillator has not been sufficiently clarified,
the author derives equations of a tube oscillator under conditions
of steady state oscillations, taking into account the influence of
grid currents. An oscillator with automatic bias is used as an
example of calculations. Diagrams, graph. Three USSR references
(1939, 1940)
Institution : All Union Scientific and Technical Society of Radio Engineering
and Electric Communications imeai A. S. Popov (VNORiE)
Submitted : December 23, 1954

IONTOROVI m
Shortenod oqu&tiozg for *Isctron-tube Oscillators in the pres~nco
of grid cumatse ftudy LPI so,181t5_17 556 (N1" 1011)
(Oscillators. Blectron-tubs)

9.258o, 9.3260 7
17-178 4
SOV/109-5-2-17/26
AUTHOR: Kontorovich, M. I.
7
TITLE: On t7e Qu e s t oping Equations for Auto-
Oscillators
PERIODICAL: Radiotekhnika i elektronika, 1960, Vol 5, Nr 2,
PP 310-322 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: An equation wl -th a smaal nonlinearity, describing
the behaviour of a tube oscillator with an arbitrary
finite number of degrees of freedomis analyzed,
Equations with finite differences are developed and
used for setting up abbreviated equations and also
for periodic solutions. Some specific cases are
analyze'd, and a method of developing higher approxi-
mations is indicated. Introduction. The theory of
oscillators, especially of those generating the
probably most important sinusoidal oscillations,
has been studied by many scientists, but of these
Card 1/19 many investigations, only a relatively small group deals
On the Question of' Developing Equations for 7-7784
Auto-OSCA11-a-tOM ~r')A'1~109-5-2-17/26
with the general methods of analyzing problems with
small nol-111nearity, and are of' a type convenient for
11se by engineers, Among this 9"OuP, the author first
mentions the works of Yu, B. Kobzarev, who developed
the moz5t widely used inethodIof average steepness-
N. M. Krylov and N. N. B090*YW10v describe in their
monograph, "New Methods of Nolililieav MechaniCS)"
a so-called "symbolic.method". N~ N. Bogolyubov and
Yu, A. mitropollskly describe several methods in
their monograpYij "Asymptotic Methods in the Theory
of Nonlinear oscillations". s. I, Yevtyanov did apply
the 11sym-bolic method" of Krylov and BogolYuh0v to
problems of radioengineering (theory of auto-
oscillators), The theory of tube c)s.,--illators was
intensively developed by the investigations of
Academicians L. I. Mandelshtam, N~ D. Papaleksi,
A..A. Andronov, and other Soviet sGientists. Van der
Fol made valuable contributions concerning the estab-
Card 2/19 113hing of oscillations in auto-osciliatorsz UP to

On the Question of Developing Equations 77784
for Auto-Oscillators SOV/109-5-2-17/26
the present, the methods of investigating transient
conditions in tube oscillators stand separate
from those concerned with determining periodic
conditions In systems with small nonlinearity. An
attempt is made in the pre6ent paper to combine
these two methods, and to give such an interpretation
as.would dedL[Ce the method of Poincaret and the
asymptotic methods from the same common premises.
In addition, this paper also has the purpose of
simplifying the calculations necessary for the
setting up of differential equations of tube
oscillators. For this purpose methods of operation-
al,calCUILls are used. In the present paper, a
tube oscillator with an arbitrary finite number
of degrees of freedom, in general under the in-
fluence of an external force, is analyzed. The
grid currents are not considered in t'-is. case,
but this could be done. Equations for the estab-
lished mode of operations of a tube oscillator
Card 3/19 considering grid currents for an autonomous system

On the Question of Developing Equations 77784
for Auto-Oscillators SOVII09 _5-2-17/26
have already been developed by the authcr(Trudy
Leningradskogo politekhnicheskogo instituta (Works
of LeninGrad Polytechnic Institute) Nr 181, 1955).
(1) Development of Basic Relations. Figure 1
shows an auto-oscillatory or potential-auto-
oscillatory system, assembled on a three-electrode
tube.
C
g.
Card 4/19

01, UIQ QuesLioil of Developing Equatiorls
for Auto-Oscillators
Card 5/ic)
7Y 784
SjOV/109-5-2-1V126
The grid current'is assumed to be zero. The rectangle
on the figure ohowa a system consisting of constant
inductances, capacitances, and resistances. The
constant anode feed voltage E, and the varying
voltage e = e(t) are considered as located Inside the
rectangle. The tube current Is designated by 1,
the operating Impedance between contacts ab by Z;
a feedback coefficient k = k(p) as ratio of'voltages
on contacts ac and ab (modified per Laplace) is
Introduced under the assumption that the emf's inside
the rectangle are zero and the voltages uac and u ab
exist 6nly due to current'i. Taking the linearity of
the r6ctangle scheme -into account and using the method
of. superPosition, the equations are written:
Ila 114 = P + + P,,., e),
lig it,,, =(iZA. + Fg, E + Fg'Z e), i(11 C1 its).
Here and further on, the dash above a letter denotes
On the Qu .estion of Developing Equations 77784
for Auto-Oscillators SOV/109-5-2-17/26
.,t value transformed per Laplace. Fal p Fa2p F,lp and
to are rational fractions of p and have an obvious
g2
meaning, i.e.p Fal is the transformed voltage on
contacts ab related to R, when e = 0 and current
I = 0 (anode circuit interrupted). The other co-
efficients are determined similarly. -It is usually
assumed that the current in the tube is determined
by the governing voltage u =. u + Du where D
e .9 a
permeability of tube, and thus I = f(ue ). System
(1) can now be reduced t.o one..equationt
(k + D) Zj(iie) - B (11g, + DY.1) - e (Fjj + DF02). (2P.1--
Card 6/19
Since the s stem consists of concentrated parameterss
Equation (Z can be modified as:
`4
nr T'k~vploDiiw, Eouations 7776'

aaaSap qq-u ailq jo uoTq7enb~ T*eT4UGJaJJTP Oq4 9MOTTOJ
0~ f
+
:.R4Tqutnb umou:qun aqj 'PGATaap sT a joj uol4pnba
TVT4uDJ9JJTP Dql Id -TOJ'I'0T4VATT0P OATIODdSOa aqq
put 'a put a 'a joj a put g 12 2uT4nqTqsqns aaq4~inq
(d) r1) Ifl = 3.(d) A
lp
(of) Inp
6-1 A P-ItD
q?,/),T-F-9-60TAog 9,'OltTTT090-O4nV aOJ
SUOTI-enba !3uTdoT9AaCr JO UOT4sanZ) aLIq u0
61/9 pavo
(on) f Qj = Oil
1PuTSTjO qq4 joj guoT4vnba aqq
lp9ATJGP DJV SUOTqoUnJ 9,qj woji MON
esuoT4ounj pauuOJSUPJ4 9q4 aoJ SUOT4U"')a
+ og) + 18 A g - =a-
~~ = yn (&n) oo - on
'(U ......z -0
P
0d) A A
(Id) ('Yd) R
W + =On
U
sjOqtTTT3s0-O4nV "OJ
AG -Inb aTll 110
slloTqvnba guTdOTOA, Jo IIOTqs,

on the Question of Developing Equations 77784
for Auto-Oscillators SOV/109-5-2-17/26
and needs for its determination n Initial conditions.
'n
The term I u determined by Eq. (10) contains
Ic = 0 k
in itself n independent arbitrary constants, which
can be used forthe satisfaction of the required n
conditions. Thus for E any partial solution of the
differential equation which can be set-.up from (:Ll)
as outlined above may be taken, and it Is not nec-
essary to take the general Integral. It is furtber
assumed that the system is close to th,--, conservative;
wherefore, Pk = CLk + JWk have a small real partCL,,.
The current I Is also a6sumed small. The periods of
the separate oscillations,are selected Tok 27r/wok
and To = 27r/W. I and therefores
7101VI = Toji2 .04)
Card 10/ 19
Oil the Quo"'tioll Of T(VI
for AULO-OSCI 0
0V1.1 0 2 - I
Poi, aoelectod IVIiilt-, time Interval (t t < t
1 2
tile 'aPPv0x11w-_tt(:.(1 sw1ution 01" (10) Vor tile assix-ned
c0l'Se"W'Uve ~-,ystei;i Is found by tile niethod of
Icoe~,olve approxilw-
ttlons:
Ilk.
Ilk, (1) Ilk
W
where f or s 1 the intecral of the rigit side is
taken equal zero. Prom Z15) the value of u k can
be determined at-, Ltily point of tile Interval At
expressed through tile values of the same functions
at the beginning of the interval. Dividing the
Card 1l/ 19 avbitrary time interval Into partial intervals At,

On the Question of Developln:.-
~07.1/10~-; -2 2 J
fol, Aufl-o-Oscillator.-', j -17/,(
(15), substitutlng t., for t Developnient of
Equations for Slowly Chan)ring Compley AmplItud6s.
Equations (17) are low transformed Into a shape
more common in the theory oC oscillations; they
can be connected with the method oC periodic solutions,
by the small pav;uiieter (Poincai,et Is met'hod) . By-
passing this problem, It Is pointed out that If a
periodic solution is possible, It can be found by
making uk(tr-F TO) = u,(:(tr). Equations (17) are
used for.setting up so-called abbrevIated equations,
or equations for slowly changing complex amplitudes.
From (15) and (17) after several transformations, the
shortened equations for a system with an arbitrary
number of degrees of freedom are dui-.Ivt~d:
du, (2 t)
RPAI - i(')Ok) + CAI Uk' (0-
Card 13/19 Using the eyr-essions for ck' Eq- (21) iL transformed

On the Question of beveloping Equations 77784
for Auto-Oscillators SOV/109 5-2-17/26
into:
(p4 - itook) tik I I + (kk .,J. D) ZkSh.
di-
Here, J.nd6x k denotes that 1c,', (p) and Z,,(P) aloe ta~':en
for p = J Wok' Equations (23) resei,,ib Ba r ~, k1h, -1 ~i n Is
equation for established processes, and are a
generalization of it for a nonsteady process in systems
with many degrees of freedom, the last equations
(as compared with '21) requiring an additional
condition--absence of close roots of equation
V(p) = 0. For the special case, ofter. encoantered
in practical applications, when the system contairts
closely tuned and weakly coupled circuits, (21)
valid, while (23) are not valid. For an autcnornouo
system with one degree of freedom, the averar.:-e stleep-
Card 14/19 ness Is:
bn the Question of Developing Equations 777811
for Auto-Oseniators SOV/109-5-2-17/26
2 rt
12) 1
-In
where Wo(-L- t) + CP and ~D is argument of ul(t).
(3) Analysis of Some Special Cases. In cases when the
frequency of the external force is close to the
frequency of one of the oscillations, or if two
close frequencies are prespnt,.it is advisable to
transform the previ-ous equations so as to combine
the oscillations of close'frequericies Into onp. (a)
Frequency of the external force Is close to one of
the shown frequencies. A combined frequency is
introduced a,id equationi
40
(Pi + cis) it' -(PI - iv)) E~ehf. (26)
2
Card 15/19

On the Question of Developing Equations 77784
for Auto-Oscillators SOV/109-5-2-17/26
Idu
V- (i(..) fu-' + V'Uwj ~7 + V (iwj itU (2
d F3 dt dl
Here, F can be substituted by Su, where S1=
average steepness and u = complex amplitude of the
combined uI and u2' (4) Setting Up Equations of
Higher Approx1mations. The equation of the first
approximation was developed above by replacing in
Eq. (19):
Ilk Vi + 2) - Ilk (11) = (Pk - jlOok) TUk (1,) + Ckr,
(U u.., u,,; E), (19)
the differences by derivatives. To obtain the
equation for.the second app3~oximation, the well-known
relation of the theory of interpolation must be
usedt
Card 17/19

On the Question of Developing Equations 77784
for Auto-Oscillators SOV/109-5-2-17/26
Ax Af = A/ - .1 A2/+
If the differences of a higher order than the
second are small, only the first two terms need be
used. Thus, the following equation is developedi
d(lk t7' Al 0 + 7') +Pk (f)] 13P, (t) - P, (t
_dt IN W -T. 2 + T)J, (30)
where Pk(t) is given by Pk(t r by replacing tr
with t. All calculations are made with precision up
to the third order terms (keeping the second order
terms). Conclusions. The developed difference
Eqs. (19) give the periodic solutions describing
the behaviour of tube oscillators. From these
equations are developod Eqs. (21) and (23) de-
Card 18/19 scribing a system of nonperlo.dic processes, and

(~p, 9.4310
AUTHORS:
TITLE:
PERIODICAL:
ABSTRACT:
Card 1// 23
77958
SOV/109-5-3-12/26
Kontorovi Pellikan, S. G., Frolov, V. IT.
Investigation of a Transistorized LC Oscillator
Radiotelchnika I elektroniica, Vol 5', Nr 3, pp 439-449
(USSR)
For investigations of' transistor self-oscillators,
the triode is sometimes substituted by an equivalent
scheme with constant parameters, but ~iis is possible
only for small oscillations; hence,the investigation
of the most important aspects of transistor oscillators
Is excluded. Another group of scientists applied the
approach used for tube oscillators, thus, considering
the transistor oscillators as a nearly conservative
system, which Is also possible only for limited con-
ditions, because the voltage changes ol' the transistor
oscillator must be close to sinuooidal. The present
paper~investigates the oscillator operating with
nonsinusoidal oscillations and with certain limitations.
Notwithstanding a certain Idealization, it Is possible

Investigation of a Transistorized LC
Oscillator.
771ID58
SOV/109-5-3-12/26
to determine the frequency of self-oscillations, the voltage
and magnitude of the induced currents. All these investiga-
tions were made for plane triodes, tinder operating con-
ditions where it is possible to ignore the inertia of
the transistor. The experimental data agree very closely
with the theoretical calculations. 2. Setting of
the Problem and Basic Relations. Figure 1 shows a
self-oscillator with a plane transistor (triode). For
this scheme, the oscillator equation can-be written as
rn 11 nt-m -
Card 2A3
Fi- e&=
(JU6 + LiL) + iLR,
dt
Fig. 1. Schematics of' the
oscillator: (b) base; (k) cathode;
(c),capacitance.

Investigation of a Transistorized LC T(958
Oscillator 3011/109-5-3 -12/216
To these equationo the following relationo "givIng the
characteristics of' the triode have to be added,
il; ~ iH (I.,II;, e6), I))
C
For practical application, the most Important case L,,
when L