SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT KISELEV, A.A. - KISELEV, A.A.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000722730006-4
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 14, 2000
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

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the rats, at which tbod vis - Wiwi Wi '10,64 6~ the, 1"cordnM7 vivus vab highub
these oondit ions Ahs: authort 66ftell hat:thi I#: compensatory me
Are adequtee , A00 percentage oxygen In arteiial.bliod,
decreased consids4blyt, 11hi2e. VW 0 a, reduction iw the Percentage Mon in
blood from the a.. "'.3190"r9 this reduction was not -large enobgh t,-'
0
maintain the initial Tau#' for AAstimams diffem0*8* In all cases thers-,ims

1~Z
~FCZ~SION 311: AM44W
SA inareass it the rate-: at, i&ob --.w66c vat di"barsed from the ooroury

'VAN 1.71: 1:111--pli'l'.1 [Warif ChU)-knnRl;, KIMIJEV, A.A.
oxnminsiti-3r, ollr' +.hc~ ~,nf*rjry r)f ~kn iil,~cctror. transition
-.O.ll.l,elqpnn(!ln.- to a(111 --ban-A .FiL, *klvgi-. tnla i m-.110231-31137
.N to,
12 -3. 'KIRA P):12)
1. 1,~itjlrj-riA:iMy t,n,mltrstvonn.~y imLVAl-,lj'nt .

USEIEV, A.A.
Calcijlating thn pooition of a ~O-btnd in the abaorption spectrum of
thn NaCI crystal. Fiz. tver-. tela 5 no.110238-3246 N 163.
(HIRA If)il2)
1. UinlngrAdakiy gosudaratvonnyy unIvnraltot.

INIXOV. Yurly IvanovIch; IISIJXV, A.A., rodaktor; VIGANT, Ya. To., takhalcho-
skly r*daktor.
[Radio apparatus; the market of capitalist countries] Radleapparatura;
rymok kap1talistichoeMb stran. Koskva, Vueshtergisdat, 1955. 70 p
(Radio--Apparatus &ad supplies) (Kw 9;5)

11�121" & . .. ' . BMIRNOY, A.B., doktor tokhnichaskikh nauk.
I professor I,-- retmanxent: nauchnyy redaktor; SHIRNOTA, A.?., re"ktor
izdatel'stva; PXUON, M.N.. takhnichaskiv redLgktor
(Gas supply] Gazoonobzhenie. Moskva. Goa. izd-vo lit-ry po strolt.
L arkhttekture. Ft.2. (Transportation. storage. distribution, and
use o! gas] Transportiroymals. khronemie, reepredelente i Ispoll-
zovante gess. 1956. 215 p. (NLRA 10:2)
(Gas distribution)

SHASHKIN, P.I. Insh.j BRAYO I.V., inzho; KISELEV, A.A., inzh.j MASLEMOVSKIT,
L.G.r inih.
Unit for regenerating the vash liquid. Veat.wsh. 41 noo7375-.76
ii 161. (MIRA 1/,-6)
(Cleuing compounds)

XIMM, A. A. j-; -'.
Olldrogen AbsorptIce and Cbwps In the Moctudcal. Properties of Eiramlan
and Its 31=7 Alloys vben Corroded in Water and Steam at Efth ftsveraturee and
ptossures."
"Pasoarch m the Carroslon of Zircmium Alloys in Water aud Stem at Nigh
Texperwtv"O."
papews distributed at the IAZA CW*rewe on Corrosion of Reactor Materials In Salzburg,
Austria,, 4-9 juve 1962.

XI==,, A. A.
Ch the theory of mazir-slectron systems with =fiUad sballso Test,
LGU 17 no.220-12 162o (MIU 15:12)
(lualear shell theory)

KISEIZVp A. A.
Doeignating measurement units in technical literature.
StAndartizatelia 26 no.lo16l-62 0 162. (MIRA lCtlO)
(Weights and measures)

L.; KISILV* A., inzh.; GUBARV, As, takhnik-takhnolog.
Double-dock millet huller. Makh.-elov. prom. 24 no.4:16-18 Ap 158.
(MIRA 11: 5)
1. Upravleniye mukonolluo-krupyanykh i kombikormovykh predpriyatly
Kinisterstya khleboproduktov SSSR (for Khabe, liselev). 2. Voronezh-
skoys oblastnoys upravleniye khleboproduktor (for Gubarev).
(Grain milling machinery)

22 (1) SOY/27-59-3-5/37
AUTHOR: xisq~~_
TITLF: The Profitableness of Training Workshops
(0 dokhodnosti uchebnykh masterskikh)
PER10DICALi Professionallno-takhnichookoye obrazovaniye, 1959, Nr 3,
P 5 (U33R)
AB5T2-_ACT: A number of measures must be adopted to increase the profit-
ableness of school workshops. They must stop producing
articles which are turned out by mass production enterprises,
The Seven-Year Plan provides for the manufacture of machinery
which has never existed before. Some of these machines may
be good objects for students' training. The manufacture of
them will be more profitable than the making of metal-cutting
machine tools, The turning out of now kinds of machinery not
so far manufactured by any other enterprise way release in-
dustry from the necessity of erecting now plants. The schools
should also be adapted to carry out orders of local enter-

1/2 prises which are suitable for training purposes. It is
pointed out that only such technological processes should be

KICIF,T,T,V, A.
Snmpler fnr prontn. Kik.-olnY.T)r0m. 25 nn.6:11 Jn 159.
(CArmal products-AnAlysta) (RIRA L,!:g)

KHKBR, L., insh.; KIS'ZIXV, A.. inzh.
DoublnAtick buckwheat scouring and penling mcbInn. Mak.-alsov.
p-mm. 25 no.3:2 -24 Mr '59. 01IRA 12:6)
(Buckwh"Rt (Grain-milllrW; nachtner7)

-KIaI V, A.,inzh.
Cleaning buckwheat of Inpialties, difficult to remove. Mak.-
elev.prom. 25 no.2:19-20 7 '59. (MIR& 12:4)
Onckwheat-Cleaning)

XISMV. A.
Isproving the tochislogy of sat processlag. Muk#-sloy.pross 21
se.10:27-28 0 155, (KLRA 9:1)
I.OlayRoye upraylealys sukon*llaoy, krupyaaoy i koubikermovey
prouTzhlannosti.
(Out ailliag)

V:J.;
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133-1-9/24
AUTHORS:- Kiselev, A.A., Lapshova, M.P..,and Kul'kova, M.M, Engineers
TITLE- Smelting of Ball Bearing Steel in an Acid Furnace Fired
with Natural Gas and Fuel Oil (Vyplavka sharikopodshipnikovoy
stali v kisloy pechi pri otoplenii prirodnym gazom i
mazutom)
PERIODICAL: Stal', 1958, No.1, pp. 35 - 40 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: An investigation of some technological factors of smelting
and teeming of ball bearing steel on the degree of its contam-
ination aad the nature of non-metallic inclu:3ions is described.
Steel WX15 was smelted in a 50-ton acid open-hearth furnace,
deoxidised with aluminium in the 1FIdle (125 g/ton) and bottom
41eemed into 4-ton ingots. The chs; a consisted of basic open-
hearth steel containing no more than 0.015% of sulphur and
phosphorus and a high quality pig r1BK, Class A. The supply of
this pig and low-sulphur oil was decreasing and this was accom-
panied by the increasing impurity of steel. Therefore, the
furnace was transferred to firin6 with natural gas and fuel oil.
This decreased the duration of heat by 35 min., and stoppages for
hot repairs decreased by 0.5%o. When the furnace was fired .vith
fuel oil alone (0.4 0.5% S), the content of sulphur after
melt out was 0.017 0.020%, on tr;insfer to mixed firing the
content of sulphur decreazed to 0.013 - O.OlEfl-o. This brought
Uardl/5

133-1-9/24
SmeltinE of Ball BearinE Steel in an Acid Furnace Fired with Natural
Gas and Fuel Oil
a considerable decrease in the contamination of metal by oxide
and sulphide inclusions (a cozparison in the form of a table
is given in the text). The influence of various technological
factors on the Clegree of contamination of steel by non-
metallic inclusions was determined by statistical treatment of
data on current production. The following factors were con-
sidered: the influence of the temperature of metal on tapping
(Fig.1); the duration of fettling (Fit,.2) and the amount of
reduced silicon. With the amount of reduced silicon of
0.18 - 0.22%, the degree of contamination is the highest,
decreasing with increasing silicon content in the finished
metal. An investigation of the influence of the amount of
reduced silicon and silicon content in the finished metal on
the degree of gas saturation of the steel indicated that the
maximum content of oxygen and hydrogen corresponds to the
amount of reduced silicon of 0.18 - 0.22% or to the content of
silicon in the finished metal, 0.22 - 0."03%. The contamination
of steel by oxides increases with increasing ferrous oxide
content of slag before de-oxidation (it should not acceed 20%).
It was also found that deoxidation of steel with aluminium also
uvrd2/5

133-1-9/24
Smelting of Ball Bearing Steel in an Acid Furnace Fired with natural
Gas and Fuel Oil
leads to a contamination of steel by oxides; therefore, some
expErimental heats were made in which: a) steel was deoxidised
in the ladle with silicon-zirconium instead of aluminium 7
b) deoxidation with smaller quantities of aluminium. (60 -
100 instead of 125 g/ton) and c) simultaneous deoxidation with
silicon-zirconium and aluminium. The nature of non-metallic
inclusions was investigated on metal from all heats deoxidised
with silicon-zirconium, silicon-zirconium and aluminium, and
on 10 heats produced by the usual technology. The quantity
and composition of non-metallic inclusions are given in Tables
1 and 2; the dependence of the quantity of inclusions in steel
on its temperature on tapping - Fig.3; the dependence of the
degree of oxide contamination on the content of spinels in
inclusions - Fig.4; the dependence of the proportion of spinels
in inclusions on the content of FeO in slag - fig-5; the
dependence of the total amount of inclusions o. the duration
of teeming an Ingot - Fig.6; the dependence of oxygen content
of metal on its tempTature on tapping - Fig.?, and on PeO
content in slag - Fig.8; the influence of silicon content of
metal before tapping on the gau ariturations of steel during
Uard3/5

133-1-9/24
Smelting of Ball Bearing Steel in an Acid Furnace Fired with Patural
Gas and Fuel Oil
this period - Fig.q. Conclusions: 1) The transfer of
smelting ball bearing steel by the silicon-reducing process
in an acid furnace on firing with a mixture of natural gas
and fuel oil decreased the degree of contamination of steel
by sulphide and oxide inclusions and the duration of the heat
bY 35 min. 2) This decrease inthe degree of contamination is
obtained providing a number of technological factors are
maintained: a) the temperature of metal on tapping (gecording
to an inu!-,ersion thermocouple) should be 1 580 - 1 600 C-
b) the amount of reduced 8ilicon should exceed 0.23%; c3 the
content of iron oxide in slag before deoxidation should be
from 15 to 20%. 3) On deoxidation of steel in ladle with
siiicon-zirconium instead of aluminium, the degree of contam-
ination by oxides decreases by 0.35 to 0.60 and that by sul-
phides increased by 0.2 - 0.3; whereupon, the amount of non-
metallic inclusions which can be electrolytically separated
is higher than when deoxidising with aluminium. A special
feature of the inclusions obtained on deoxidation with silicon-
zirconium is their low content of spinels which decrease the
degree of contamination by oxides. 4) The degree of contam-
Card4/5 ination by oxides increases with increasinC proportion of

133-1-9/24
Smelting of Ball Bearing Steel in an Acid Furnace Fired with Natural
Gas and Fuel Oil
spinels and the ntio of A1203/S'02 in the com.-Position of
inclusions. The amount of sDinels and the Al 203/SiO2 ratio
in the composition of inclusions increase with increasin5
content of ferrous oxide in slag before deoxid.,Itions- 5
During tapping of the heat, the content of oxygen in steel
decreases due to deoxidation of steel in the ladle with alum-
inium, decreasing temperature of the metal and self-deoxidation
of steel with carbon. 6) Higher concentrations of oxygen in
steel and increa6ing proportion of total inclusions in steel
correspond to higher tapping temperatures. The following
engineers participated in the work: S.Z. Kupryakhina,
Yu.A. Kartsin and O.S. Zheludeva. There are r- tables and
9 figures.
ASSOCIATION: "Krasnyy Oktyabrl"Works (Zavod "Krasnyy Oktyabr'")
AVAILABLE: Library of ConCress
Card 5/5

AUTHOR:
TITLE:
130-58-4-?/20
Production of Low-carbon Steel in Nen-hearth Furnaces
(Vyplavka nizkouglerodistoy stall v'martenovskikh pe,:hakh)
PERIODICAL: Metallurg, 1958, lir 4., pp 10 - 11 (USSR).
ABSTRACT: Bi-metal strip, cold-rolled from Armcc-type steel
(0.04% C1 0.2096 Mn 0.20% Sil 0.030~~ S, 0.025p-' P, 0.15% Cu,
Cr? Ni each) and aluminium alloj ASM (aluminium with 3.5 - 5.5%
Sb and 0.3 - 0.7% Mg) have been used instead of lead bronze for
tractor (types D-54, D-35) crankshaft lcearin.Cq. The authcr
ou*14nes tile difficulties of prodnzing 'his oteel in open-
Alearth furnaces. Early experience sh,:wed that cracking during
rolling took place when additional. deoxidation with silicon
and manganese had not been effected. After correctinC this
rolling of ingots was satisfactory throlighout 1956, but
separation of the strip was obser7ed. After statistical
analysis of data for 24 heats, the prcduction ixthod was modified
and a further 25 experimental heats were produced of which
only two gave separation of bi-metal strip but more showed
cracking in the blooming mill. After analysis of the reasons
for these faults, the "Krasnyy Oktyab " Works adopted a
production technology with the following main features: only
Card 1/2

130-58-4-?/20
Production of Low-carbon Steel in Open-hearth Furnaces
furnaces with high firing rates are used; carbon content
In the metal on melt down is 0.25 - 0.?0%; rate of decarburi-
sation in the final refining period is not less than 0.0008% C
per minute, which is secured, for a bath with 0.0'/% or less
carbon, by adding 1 000 - 2 000 kg of iron ore to a 50-ton
heat; the slag before tapping contains 18 - 30% ferrous oxide;
deoxidation is carried out in the ladle with 1 400 - 1 ?00 g
aluminium per ton of steel; the content of silicon and
manganese in the finished steel is at least 0.13%.
ASSOCIATION: Zavod "Krasnyy Oktyabr'" (Krasnyy Oktyabr' Works)
Card 2/2

SUSLIN, Petr Nikelayevich; 113XM, AA., rodaher: TIGAIR, Ta.Ta..
tekhnicheskiy redaktoe,
Urerrous metals; the market in capitalist countries) Chernye astally;
ryusk kapi t allot lche~kM stran. MoskTa, Vneshtergisdat, 1956. 222 p.
(iron) (Steel) (iron ores) (MM 914)

TRYIK)V, V.A.; DANILIN, V.I.; LAPSHOVA, M.P.; ORIBINTUN, V.P.; KISILIT. A.A.
Effect of th" temperature of pouring anti the mold shape on the quality,
of steel Ingoto. Top.proizv.atalt nn.6:96-109 158. (MIRA 12:3)
6taml ingots) (Metallurgical plnnts--(~mlity control)

XISILEY. A.A., inzh.; IJMHUVA,
Ghastlys: KMTAKHIKA,
ZHZLUDEVA, Me, 1n%h.
Smelting roller-bearing
gas and fuel oil (vith
Ja '58.
M.P.; XULIKOVA, M.W.; V rnbote orinimmli
S.Z., tnzh.-, tARTSIN, Tu.A., in%h.
steel in acid furunces using natural
summary in English]. Stal' 18 no.1:15-40
(MIRA 11:1)
1.Znvod "Xrnsnyy Oktyabr'" (for Kiselev, Lapshovn, Kullkova).
(Smelting) (Benring metals)

:X)V/1 3-'P-59-10-33/39
AUTHOR: K13elev, A. A. (Engincer)
TITLE: Spotty Segregation in Low-Alloy Steel.,;
PERIODICAL: Stall, 1959, Nr 10, pp 942-946 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Although numerous studies have been devoted to the Inoch-
anism and nature or spotty :3egregatlon and Its
on the formation of imperfections /Rct's. 2,3 and 4: Morenka,
G. F., Stall, 1954, Nr 6; Molchir, Ye. D. and Kozlov, F. V.,
Stall, 10511, Nr 6; Oreshkin, V. D, Stall, 1955, Ni~Lll no
unanimous opinion has been arrived at. With the assistance
of Kullkova, M. N.,and Rootovskaya, L. A. (Engineers) the
author tested the following types of oteel with a view
to the above: 12KhKF, 35KtGSA, 36G23, 15KJiGNTA, and
SKhL-4. All specimenz were molten In natural gas-mazut
fired 150-t open-hearth furnaces by the scrap process.
The author conclu&3 as follows on the basls of experimental
results: (1) most imperfections are observed In the upper
Card 1/2 half of' the ingots and In the zoner, adjacen'- to the center

KISNLXT, A.A.; TOLKTANSKIT. T.X.
Ingot shape and surface defects. Metallurg 5 no.2:19-20
7 160. (KIPIA 13:5)
1. Rokoyoditall gruppy slitka TSentmllnoy savodskoy laboratorit
zwodA "Krannyy Oktyabr" (for liselev). 2. Rachallaik raslivo-
chnogo prolets mrtanovskogo teekhe, zavoda "KrasW Oktyabr'"
(f or Tolrqanskly).
(Steel Ingsts) (Steel--Defects)

18-1150,18-5200 T11 () 06
10
.) V/1,~_--60-2-6/25
AUTHORSi Kiselev, A. A., and Mavehenkovsk-ly, G, F. (Engineers)
TITLE: Low-Carbon Steel f'ov Bimetal Production
PERIODICALi "'tall, 1960, Nr 21, pp 121-123 (US.;R)
ABSTRAM J-31metal strip from low-carbon -,te-el (,^ -.-,,co iron)
arid ALSM alloy Is made by cold Ti,,e maximum
al.lowed amount of addltlon_,~ In Av,,,-,co .1ron lo:
C hin st 5 1, Cu Cr t4l
0.04 0.20 0.20 O,OY.) 0,W25 0.15 0.15 0.15
The ASM alloy conototo of
and balance abAruitrium. on t..,~ i-1--:tent of'
oxidation Arinco Jvon iia.3 a tendt.lw~y cvacklng
(In Lngoto arid bl,lletfl or 11ai,,itnatton (In ready Bimetal).
Adherence to the carefully deve1cI)c,i relting arid pouring
practice is aboolutk-ly in _rd,~r to obtain
L;', "A In hig"`
oultable trietal. 'I
thermal capacity heat tre--attrig 11*iwnacc,.,~. (,,) Steel
Card 1/1-3 in pwired with a clean ourl'ace -)rily t, 1.12 of' the mold

Low-Carbon Steel I*or Blmotal Procluctlon
wIth a oi.11)3equ,.~Ilt C1.1ult Carbon
rontent, al'ter melttng, rani,,es Vrom (11 )
The speed at which C burri.,i out during, the rc-Cining
pe),Lod Inlint be riot jea.3 than O.OoO 1711r1l. In Order
to obtatn cavbon conterit llol.,,w t~,) ','.0 ton";
of' ove hav;D to ho aildtA to the ~!harere per evevy I,,,0
ton.n Of' heat altf.-r-nathw, tlicm vilth Iltne additton.,i of'
800 to 1,600 )(g,. A.,i a 'Qa~~, kototty hol'ure
jjovirhi~, inu3t be not low,ji, t;~:oi '..;PA. a
u'dde (it' 18- F-w
allunjilurn (1,1100 tc..
and addeti wl.th a vlew
to jwoiluco., a mIn I inum I ;t I L 1,,,)n and if~a?)J_Ialooc
.'he melt L)Ilc-i Oil
coriterit,~) In f'Itil.,ilieli niotal. N ) :
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ASSOCIATIONt PLarit "I:va.;nyy ()! '.vil
Card 2111)

KISELKVI A~__A.
Cand Tech Sci - (dise) "Study of the process of forming hot fissures
in steel ingots." Moscow, 1961. 17 pp incl cover; (Ministry of
Higher and Secondary Specialist Education RSFSR, Moscow Order of
Labor Red Banner Inst of Steel imeni I. V. Stalin); 150 copies; free;
(KL, 5-61 sup, 190)

3/13 61/000/002/001/014
A054YA033
AUTHORSt Kisplev, A.A., Engineer, and Yavoyakiy, V.I., Professor, Doctor of
Sciences
TITLEt Improving the Crack Resistance of Steel Ingots
PERIODICAL: Stall, 1961, No. 2, pp. 112-119
TEXT: Cracks originate mainly in low-carbon
was found. In order to study the causes of
out with CT.3 (St.3) and OBM (08 sp) steel
positiont C Un Si S P
St-31 0.19 0.45 m6 0.025 0.013
08 apt 0.10 0.36 0.09 0.021 0.014
During the pouring process it was found that
tallization the solidification of the ingot,
(0.10-0.25% C) steel ingots, it
rissuring, tests were carried
ingots with the following com-
Cr Ni Cu Al
0.21 o.16 0.13 -
0.17 0.15 0.13 0.03
in the initial period of crys-
in vertical direction and along
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Improving the Crack Resistance of Steel Ingots A054/AO33
the periphery, does not take place at a uniform ratei (see fig.2)
Section according to fig.2t 1 11 111 IV V
Time of solidification, min 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.8
Distance of the section from
the bottom, mm ~500 1,200 goo 600 300
Thickness of the akin
in the middle of the edge, mm
61 (edge A
~ 22 26 30-5 33 39
62 (edge B 22 26 32 35 43
Non-uniformity coefficient
of solidification, 61 ' 62 1.0 1.0 0.95 0.94 0.9'
With regard to the spot where the akin is the thickest, the following data
were obtainedi (for ingots with wavy surface)
Section according to fig.2: I III IV V
Interval of solidification, min 1.2 1.8 2.3 2.8
Thickness of the skin, mm
in the corner of the ingot 15.5 23.5 25.0 32.0
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Improving the Crack Resistance of Steel Ingots A054/AO33
in the projecting part
of the wavy surface 23.0 33.0 36.0 37.5
Non-uniformity coefficient
of solidification o.67 0.71 0.70 0.85
The rate of solidification was also studied in 18yrT (18XhGT) ingots (6.1
ton) and it was found that this rate is slower in the surface layers than in
the lower oness at 100 mm from the ingot mold wall in the bottom part (cir-
culation zone or the metal) the coefficient of solidification rate amouats
to 3.9 cm/mino'?, wh le at 65 am depth in the top (1,100 mm from the bottom)
only to 2.3 cm/minoT As to temperature changes, it was found that in the
upper half of the ingot the cooling rate of the outer layersis h'-Xher than
that of the inner layz~rs, while in the lower half of the ingo *he opposite
was observed. This non-uniform cooling on the periphery and towards the
centre of the ingot causes irregular linear contraction in th" initial phase
of crystallization, with alternating compression and expansion stresses in
the surface layers of the ingot, which results in cracks. Another factor
playing a part in fissuring is the relation between the thickness of the
solid and solid-liquid elements of the skin in the early stages of crystal-
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Improving the Crack Resistance of Steel Ingots A054/AO33
lization. When the solid-liquid elements (having a low strength) develop
considerably, the crack resistance of the ingot decreases. The development
of the solid-liquid zone in the corner of the ingot bottom - when the case
is thin - corresponds to the formation of cracks mostly in these a8eas. The
strength and plasticity of the case was studied in the 1,300-1,125 C heat
range (for each 25-500C) with eleotro-heating of the specimens for 7-10 min-
utes. The test results showed that in the heat interval indicated the case
of the ingot sh8we a high plasticity. The strength limit 2of St.3 ingots be-
tween 1,125-1300 C is relatively low (3-0 and 1.2 kg kg/mM respectively),
while the strength limit in the case of 08sp ingots at 12500C is tY 0.1-0.3
kg/MM2 lower than for St.3 steel with a higher C-content. The stiength limit
(for St-3 ingots) in the lower part was found to be about 0.1-0.2 kg/MM2
higher, than in the top, due to the shorter time of crystallization ir. this
area and the more intensive development of the solid-liquid element at the
moment of pouring. In the inner part of the case, in which at the moment of
pouring the solid-liq.Vid element prevails, the strength limit is 0.2 kg/mm2
lower (1.4-1.7 kg/mm-4) than in the completely solidified outer layer (1.52-
1.77 kg/mm~. The main cause of cracking evidently is the intensive linear
contraction of the ingot, which, when delayed, results in contracting
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Improving the Crack Resistance of Steel Ingots A054/AO33
stresses. The appearance of these stresses Is also promoted by the non-uni-
form contraction in the height and periphery of the ingot. With regard to
the effect of impurities (sulfides, FeS.MnS, globular inclusions, oxides) it
was found that these prevail in the parts of the ingot where the case Js in-
sufficiently wetted by the circulation metal. Intensified deoxidation of
the metal (by adding aluminum) increases its resistance to cracking increas-
es. This was observed in the zavod Krasnyy Oktyabr (Kraenyy Oktyabr Plant),
when 1,200-2,000 g aluminum/ton of armco steel was added. The following
data were obtained for these testat
Amount of aluminum added in the ladle,
g /ton steel 1200-1,350 1AOO-1500 1,600-1,700
Amount of heats 6 10 10
Amount of sound ingots, % 46 69 82
When the aluminum content is raised, the amount of oxygen adsorbed by the
metal decreases, which contributes to a reduction in red shortness. Accord-
ing to tests of the Red Oktyabr Plant the cracking of steels with a C-content
below 0.25% can be prevented when their residual Al-content is [A~ t[C] >0.10.
The indicated amount of residual Al can be obtained by adding the following
quantities of Ali
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Improving the Crack Resistance of Steel Ingots A054/AO33
At a C-content of the steel of, d'.: 0.20-0,25 0.10-0-15 armco
the required Al-content, g /t: 1200-1,300 1,350-1,500 1800-2,000
Based on these testa the process of cracking can be summarized as followst
cracks originate mainly in the corners of the lower half of low-carbon steel
ingots with fewer cracks on the bent sides. This type of steel shows a
higher degree of linear contraction, than medium and high-carbon steels. In
the upper part of the mold the contraction of the ingot is even, in the low-
er half, however, irregular gaps form between the ingot and the mold. The
uneven contraction in this area is caused by the effect of the circulating
liquid metal flow on the crystallizing case of the ingot, changing the tem-
perature of the case along the periphery and the crystallization rate. If
the contraction is slowed down owing to the roughness of the mcld surface
or because of the ingot sticking to the mold wall, contraction stresses
arise in the case which are proportional to the linear contraction. Due to
the non-uniform rate of cooling in the lower halv of the mold, opposing
stresses (expanding and compressing) develop and they promote cracking. In
order to increase the crack resistance of low-carbon steels, the rate of
pouring has to be slowed down and cooling accelerated by enlarging the ingot
periphery. This can be attained by giving the ingot a wavy surface. Ano ther
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S/133/61/000/002/001/014
Improving the Crack Resistance of Steel Ingots A054/AO33
effi6iont measure is to raise the residual Al-content to Al i C 0.10.
There are 7 figures and 11 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATIONs Zavod "Krasnyy Oktyabr" (--Krasnyy Oktyabr" Plant) and Moskove-
kiy inatitut stali (Moscow Steel Institute)
F1gure 2a
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Improving the Crack Resistance of Steel Ingots A054/AO33
Figure 2
Change of the oase-thioknese in St,3 ingotat
a - longitudinal templatel b - transverse templates
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Improving the Craok-Resietanoe of Steel Ingots A054YA033
Figure
A
a
w "
14 9
43 ~1
V) H /JW /J w MV *7 74-1 IM 7* 1~ Tb 1-1 WJ
Temperature, OC
Chan a in the strength limit of the case in the
top and bottom (B) of an St.3 ingot at high
temperatures
a - samples from the corner of the case
b - from the central part of the aide
o - from the projecting parts
Card 9/11

Improving the Craok-Beeintance of Steel Ingots
Figure 61 0 0,
A 6
Change In the amount of non- +P "a.'
'o 0
metallic impurities vertically a $4 V4
and in the section of the in-
got case
1- extornal zone
2- intormediate 0 0
3- inner
4- ingot bottom
5- middle of the ingot
6- ingot top
a- sideq remote from the A A
centre 43
b- side, near the center 0
0
Card 10/11
S11331611000100110011014
A054/AO33
(urn
ONE
Amount of globu- amount of sulfide
lar impurities, % impurities %

Improving the Crack Resistance of Steel Ingots
Cd
J~ a
4J9
C:0
0 ~4
a 41
r.0
0 _H
3/133/61/000/002/001/014
A054/AO33
Distance from the corncr, mm
Deformation of the case In cross section
of the ingot (contraction), in the initial
period of crystallization (steel 30T, bot-
tom casting)
A - lower section of the ingot
B - upper section of the Ingot (figures on
the curvest duration of crystallization
of the Ingot, min.)
Card 11/i1
Figure 7

XOSTINj B.A.,, Inzh.; KISELEV A , Inzh.
j__.A.
Attachments and devices for mobile drilling units. Bezop.truda
v prom. 6 no.12:28-30 D 162. MRA 15t12)
(boring machinery)

MATEVOSYAN, P.A.; DANILOV, V.I.; LAPSTIOVA, M.P.; KISELKV, A.A.; LISOV, LV.;
VOLYANSKIY, V.M.
Improving the quality of blooming mill ingots. Stall 23 no.12tlOB6-
1087 D 163, (MIRA 17t2)
1. Volgogradakiy metallurgicheakiy zavod "Krannyy Oktyabr'R.
1 .1

kand. tekhn. nauk; ARNPOV, K.I., lnzh.; LAPSHOVA, M.P.,
inzh.; CHISTYAKOV, V.F., inzh.
Increasing thu density of 45G2 and other structural steel Ingots.
Stall 25 no.12:1090-1091 D 165, (MIRA 18:12)
1. Zavod "Krasnyy Oktyabri".

KISELEV,, A.A.
Theory of the /3-band in the absorption spectrum of Nacl
crystals. Fiz. tvar. tela 5 no.6sl745-1746 A 163.
(MTRA 160)
I. laningradakiy gosudarstrennyy universitets