SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT KASHCHEYEV, V.N. - KASHCHUK, V.A.

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• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

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AMEX q!iqf-sllfR

ILYUSHCHFNKOV, M.A.,, SAVITSKIY, K.V.; KASHCHEYEV, V.N.
Increasing the abrasive capacity of the corundum and carborundum
grain by vacuum thermal treatment. Izv. vys. ucheb. zav,; fiz. 8
no.1:178-179 165. (M RA 18:3)
1. Sibirskiy fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut imeni akademika
Kuznetsova.
'-2

L 20398-66. T. lip(o)
ACC MR: AP5022466 SOURCE COVE: GE/0036/65/011/001/0371/0380
AUTHOR: -Kashcheyev,~V. H's,
ORGt Institute of Ys Cs, Academy.of Sciences of the Latvian SSR,
Riga (IFANL)
TITLE; Greents function method in the theory of ferromagnetism
SOURCE: Physica status solidt, v, 11, no, 1. 1965, 371-380
TOPIC TAGSt ferromagnetism, spin system, Green function, heat
capacity
ABSTRACT: The limits of applicability are established for the dif-
ferent decoupling,procedures in the Greenva function equations of
the spin system of an Heisenberg ferromagnoto Orig, art...has
51 formulas. (Based on author's abstract]
~SUB CODEt 20/ SUBH DATEt l2Hay65/ ORIG REF% 012/ OTH REV% 025/
Card 1/1 Z!!-

ACC NR& Ar6024850 SOURC13 -CODH: UR/0371/66/000/002/0022/0031
AUTHOR-. KaShcheyeV, V. N. Kascajovs, V.
ORG% Institute Of Physics, AN LatSSR (Institut fitiki AN Latv* SSR)
TITLE: On Informablon. obtainable with Lhe aid of critical magnetic neutron
scattering
SOURCE: AN LatSSR. Izvestiya. Seriya, fizicheakikh i tekhnicheakikh nauk, no, 2#
.1966, 22-31
IMPIC TAGS- neutron, neutron scattering, neutron critical magnetic scattering,
neutron scattering information
ABSTRACT: A review of literature beginning with the discovery of the critical magnp,.:
tic neutron scattering effect in 1953 (by if. Palevsky and D. Hughes, Phys, Rev. 1953,
92, 202) and ending-with some 1965 references, is presented with constructive critical
comments of the author and his consideration on information obtainable by the method
of critical magnetic neutron scattering. Comments are directed essentially upon prob-
lem elucidation and upon the devising of decisive experiment*. Topics of information
which could be galtied from the critical magnetic scattering effect (e.g. informati *on
on the spin system of ferromagnetics) are discussed. A number of.new experiments re-
lated to the effect are proposed, Author thanks B.V. Kuvaldin and Yu,V. L*pin for va-
luable comments.
SUB CODE: 20/ SUBM DATE: 22Apr65/ ORIG REP: Oil/ 01H REP: 038
Card
----------
- -------------

K4SHCMEV, V. N.
Kashcheyev, V. M. "The wear of steel under the friction of a
smooth-cut file and determination of hardneso 'jy the scratch
method as dependent on cold-worldng 11 Trudy Sib. fiz,-t,3khn.
_L
-n-ta, Issue 26) 1943, p. 25-31, Bibliog: 5 items-
SO: U-5241, 17 December 1953., (Letopis 'Zhurnal Inykit Statey, No. 26, 1949)

KASHGHMV. V.N.
Abrasive effect of lelectrocorandtim* and carbocorundum gramilen in naing
various grade adhesives. Podshipnik no-7:22-26 Jl 153. (KLBA 6:8)
(Abrasives)

X&OCHFITLFV V N
Preliminary cold hardening and alrasive destruction of a
metallic amrface. Sallkhozmashina no.1:31 Ja'55. (MLU 8:3)
(Metals-Testing)
Fr
51 -4

USSR/PhysicS_ ----Abrasion FD --3161-
Card 1/1 Pub. 153 17/26
Author Kashcheyev, V. N.
Title Destruction of the surface of a metal as a function of the angle of shock
of the abrasive particle
Periodical
Abstract
Zhur. tekh. fiz., 25, No 13 (November), 1955, 2365-2368
The process of abrasive destruction of a metal surface and the process of
scratching are related in character (V. D. Kuznetsov, Fizika tverdogo tela
[Physics of the solid body], Tomsk, 1947; Ye. N. Maslov, Osnovy teorii shli:-
fovaniya metallov [Principles of the theory of polishing of metals], Moscow,
1951; V. N. Kashcheyev, MTF, 23, No 4, 1953). Rigidly held abrasive grain
with a binder (circle, bar, etc.) acts upon the surface of the polished body
most frequently by means of shocks, the normal component of the force of the
shock against the body being relatively great especially in the presence of
vibration and considerable heating of the ax-le. The author discusses~his ex-
periments showing that the abrasive capacity of grains depends upon the an-
gles of the shock and also upon the p7asticity of the standard. He makes
the assumption that the position of maximum wear must depend upon the speed
of shock since the metal will be more friable the higher this speed. In the
experiments abrasive was allowed to fall through a funnel upon metal (Cu
e.g.) held at various angles etc. Six references, all USSR.
Submitted October 6, 1954

KAZIICIMY--PV Y
"Nonlubricated Friction of Certain Metal Pairs" p. 86-93, in book Research
h in the Physics of Solids, Moscow, Izd-vo A14 SSSR, 1957. 277 p. Ed. Bol'3hanina,
M. A. Tomsk Universitet, Siberskiy fiziko-tekhnicheskiy, institut.
Personalities: Aynbinder, S. A.; Klokovaj E. F., and Kostetskiy, B. 1.
Materials K tested: hardened steel SbKh 15, annealed medium-carbon
steel, and bronze OTsS -6-6-3. There are 6 figures and 7 references,
5 of i4iich areXUM Soviet.
This collection of articles is meant for metallurgical physicists and for
engineers of the metal-working industry. This book contains results of
research in the fiedl of I failure and plastic deformation of materials, mainly
of metals, Problems of cuting, abrasion, friction, and wear of solid materials.
(metals) are discussed.
(31

SOV/137-58-11-23467
Translation, from: Referativnyy zhurnal. Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 11, P 232 (USSR)
AUTHOR-S.- -Kashcheyev, V. N., Kisele,v, G. I., Polosatkin, G. D.
TITLE: Wear Resistance of Carbon Steels at Elevated Temperatures
(Iznosostoykost' uglerodistykh staley pri povyshenriykh ternpera-
turakh)
PERIODICAL: Dokl. 7-y Nauchn. konfcrcnt5~iV',' posvyaslich. 40-letiyu Velikoy
Oktyabrlskoy sots. revolyutsii. Nr 2. Tomsk, Tomskiy un-t,
1957, pp 49-50
ABSTRACT- Wear of steels containing various quantities of C'(0. 04, 0. 23,
0. 57, 0. 68, and 1. 040/0) was investigated at temperatures of 20,
100, 200, 300, 400, and 5000C by the method of mutual grinding
and by the method of wear in a stream of abrasive particles, The
hardness of the steel was evaluated from the magnitude of an in-
as well as
dentation produced by a cone-shaped penetrator (H.,.,
from the results of scratching the specimen with the same pene-
trator (Hts). It is demonstrated that as the concentration of C
Card 1/2 in the steel is increased the Ht. value increases throughout the

SOV/ 137-58- 11-23467
Wear Resistance of Carbon Steels at Elevated Temperatures (cont. )
entire range of temperatures (20-5001) concurrently vAth an increase in either
the 0-b or the Hk. Depending on the C content, the wear resistance, which is
determined by the method of mutual grinding, varies also in accordance with
the variations in G-b. A qualitative relationship between wear resistance and
strength characteristics ( a-b, Sk, and Ak) is established: Minimum wear is
observed in specimens possessing maximum strength. At elevated tempera-
tures, the strengthening effect of the cementite is greater, in the case of
steel 15KhM, than the effect produced by the addition of Cr and Mo.
L B.
Card Z/z

SOV/137-59-1-1166
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal. Metallurgiya, 1959, Nr 1, p 158 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Kashcheyev, V. N.
TlTLE: On the Dry Friction of Some Metallic Pairs (K voprosu o sukhom
trenii nekotorykh metallic he skikh par)
PERIODICAL: V sb - - Issled. po fiz. tverdogo tela. Moscow, AN SSSR, 1957,
pp 86-93
ABSTRACT: The author studied the behavior of identical metals under conditions
of dry friction (F), strong seizing, and a possible directional transfer
of metal. The experiments were conducted on an apparatus which had
a mandrel with a ring (R) of 40-mm diam set on it rotating at a con-
stant rate (36 rpm). A second R of the same diam, set on a bracket
and rotating at a different rate was pressed against the moving part
of the apparatus. It was established that wear of R made of the same
metal (hardened ShKhl5 steel, medium-carbon annealed steel, and
OTsS-6-6-3 bronze) depends to a great extent on their mutual sliding
speed and that at a low speed the wear of the rapidly revolving R is
greater than the wear of the one revolving slowly at a constant rate,
Card 1 /Z whereas upon an increase of the sliding speed the ratio of wear is
4-~

On the Dry Friction of Some Metallic Pairs
SOV/137-59-1-1166
reversed. At certain speeds of mutual sliding of the R's an appreciable directional
transfer of metal, which is caused by the process of cold seizing, is possible. F
of a pair of hardened ShKhl5 steel R at a speed of 9.3 m/sec was accompanied by
an insignificant decrease of the hardness of very thin surface layers. A bronze
ring wears out faster than a steel R under F against an R of hardened steel, which
fact is explained by the relatively unfavorable seizing occurring between dissimi-
lar metals and the weak tendency of bronze towards frictional hardening.
A. N.
Card 2/2

AUTHORt KASHCHEYEV V.N. PA - 3566
-
-
'
TITLE1 of Mineral Grains Abrasic Properties by means of
On
W
F0~41ir
Mutual Grinding. (Sravneniye abrazivnykh avoystv mineralinykh
zeren po metodu vzaimnogo shlifovaniya, Russian)
PERIODICALt Zhurnal Tekhn. Piz., 1957, Vol 27, Nr 5, PP 1100 - 1105 (U-S.S.R.)
ABSTRLCTi In order to check the papers by KUZNETSOV (Do klady Akademii Nauk
33SR9 19529 Vol 84, Nr 5 and Nr 6 as well as Zhurnal Tekhn. Piz.,
1952, Vol 22, Nr 9), the tests described here were carried out
on an elelrocorundum.block with a microstrength of nore than
2000 kg/mm , which was ground together with steel Sh1h 15 which
was hardened up to HRO - 62. Silicon carbide, which in ground
together with normal TKOotrocorundum, has an 1.8 times greater
resistance against wear if boron carbide powder is added. By
grinding ap Al-Cu-alloy (25% Cu) together with hardened ShXh 15
.steel better cutting properties of the silicon carbide with re-
spect to the alloy and better cutting properties of the electro-
corundum-with respect to the steel are found. Experiments carried
out by grinding together in those cases in which destruction has
a percussion-vibration character and forces that are vertical
to the grinding surface predominated, showed the effect of the
normal deatruative'stresses for brittle bodies. It was shown that
Card 1/2 by the grinding tobet!.k!-.'-r of hardened steel and eleotracorundum

KASHCHEYEV, V..11,.; TKACRENKO, N.Ya.
-&*~
-00P.' Friction of bronze against bronze at different speeds and loads.
Izv. vya. ucheb. zav.; fiz. no.2:171-173 058. (MIRL 11:6)
1,Sibirski7 fisiko-tekhnicheakiy institut pri Tomskom goeuniversitate
im. V.V. Kuybysheva.
(Bronze--Testing) (Friction)

24(6)2 18M SOV139-59-1-9/31fi
AUTHORS: Kas and Voytsekhovskaya L.N.
TITLE: brasive Wear of Alumin'=*Magnesium Alloys at Various
Temperatures (Abrazivnyy iznos splavo-i alyuminiy-
magniy pri razlichnykh temperaturaldi)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy, Fizikaj
1959, Nr 1, PP 57-62- (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The abrasive wear and "hot" hardness of alloys of
aluminium and magnesium of various concentrations has been
investiaated at various temperatures.. Spec~imens, cast
into a chill mould and subsequently annealed5 were studied.
They had the following concentrationsz o7 1, 4, 87 16
and 20% by weight of technically pure magnesium, the
remainder being technically pure aluminium. The following
temperatures were selected for testing: 2'0, 1007 200, 300
and 400 OC. The face of a cylindrical specimen of .5 mm
diameter, gripped in tongs, was rubbed against the flat
.surface of a slowly revolving electro-corundum disc of
medium hardness and grain size, bonded with a ceramic
material. The apparatus. described by Kiselev (Ref 7),
Card 115 enabled wear against a continuously changing portion of
the disc, i.e. along a spiral path. The wearing specimen
V1 0,
MR

SOV/139-59-1-9/31~
Abrasive Wear of Aluminium-Magnesium Alloys at Various Temperatures
and the abrasive disc were situated inside an electric
furnace. The temperature was measured by means of a
thermocouple7 the hot junction of which was placed close
to the wearing specimen. The norma' load on the specimen
L
was always constant ( 3 kg). The amount of wear was
estimated by weighing the specimens before and after the
experiment with an accuracy of up to 0.1 mg. In Fig I
the dependence of the total wear of alloys on their
concentration at various temperatures is shown. In Fig 2
the dependence of total wear of the same alloys on the
temperature of testing is shown. Fig 3 accommodates the
left hand corner of the aluminium-magnesium equilibrium
diagramg together with wear resistance curves for the
alloys under investigation. The reciprocal of the total
wear is taken as wear resistance. In Fig 4 the relation-
ship between rubbing force and temperature for alloys of
the concentrations investigated is shown. The hot
hardness,whi2h was tested by the same equipment at the
above indicated temperatures,was taken as a characteristic
Card 2/5 of the mechanical properties of the alloys. The hardness
was calculated by the formulaso

SOV/139-59-1-9/3)+
Abrasive Wear of Aluminium Magnesium Alloys at Various Temperatures
Hk -P
It
whea!,3 P is the load in kg, d is tile diameter of
iiapression in mmi. In Figs 5 and 67 the Telationships
between hot hardness and (~onnentration of the alloys at
various tamperaturas, and hot hardness and testing
temperature foT various oon-_entrations, are shown. The
wea-r by firmly grippGd abrasive grains leads to local
destruction of the metal by scratching, An effort has
been made to fin"' a relationship between the -: 'rolume of
metal removed from the surface and the extent of plastioi
deformation brought about by s--ratohing, whir-h is
expressed by the so-rjalled"piling-up" of metal.. Specimens
containing 0.8 and 16% Mg, were scratched at a load of
0.750 kg. Scrat--hing was carried out at 20, 200 and 1+000G
at very low speel. In Fig 7, a typical cross-section of
the metal surfa-e. is shown.
' ,perpendi~,ular to the s~:rat-_h,
'If S, is the cross-sectional area of removed metal, and
Card 3/5 S2 the cr oss- sectional area of piled-up metal, then

BOV/139-59-1-9/31+
Abrasive Wear of Aluminium-Magnesium Alloys at Various Temperatures
Sl
-81 - S2
will tend to unity when S2 tends to zero. The more
tlastic the metal, the greater will be -q . In Table 1
he test results are shown, As the temperature is raised,
so 'q tends to increase. It appears that 11 is
characteristic of the brittleness and plasticity of
scratched metal. As a result of the above investigations
the authors have arrived at the following conclusions:
(1) The abrasive wear of alloys at low temperatures is
the lower, the greater the magnesium content of the alloy
and the greater the static distortions at a constant bond
force. This does not apply for high temperaturesq as the
melting point of the alloy and the degree to which it
softens begin to exert a decisive influence.
(2) Between the wear resistance and hot hardness of the
investigated alloys there is only a qualitative relation-
ship, and that only at low temperatures of testing: the
Card 1+15 reater the hardness the greater the resistance to wear.
The concentration of saturation of the solid solution

SOV/139-59-1-9/34
Abrasive Wear of Aluminium-l-lagnesium Alloys at Various Temper~'tures
by magnesium at various temperatures of testing does i.~~ot
exert any influenr~e on the wear resistance curves of the
alloys.
(LO The friction force does not to any extent characterisc
the resistance of alloys to abrasive wear.
There are 7 figures, 1 table and 7 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: Sibirskiy Fiziko-takhniohaskiy institut p:-i Tomskom
Gosuniversitate imeni V.V. K,,-,ybyshava (Siberian
Physico-Teohnical Institute at Tomsk State U-nivarzit7l
Card 515 imeni V.V. Kuybyahe-,)
SUBMITTED: July 4, 195~1

18(7)
AUTHOR:
SOV/143-59-3-17/20
Kashcheyev, V.N., Candidate of Physical-Mathematical
1 'enc e 9
TITLE: The Problem of Metal Destruction in a Stream of Abrasive
Particles (K voprosu o razrushenii metalla v potoke
abrazivnykh chastits)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy - Energetika,
1959, Nr 3t PP 131-141 (USBR)
ABSTRACT: Ash erosion is one of the frequent causes of boiler
failure. Therefore, the author describes a method for
determining the abrasive properties of a loose abrasive
material. He determines the wear resistance of steel
using the rotating-ring method, as shown in figure 2.
The test results are shown in three graphs, figures
6-8. The author points out that low-carbon steel, for
example 15KhM, was less wear resistant to abrasive
particles than steel with a carbon content of 1.04%.
The favorable influenc6 of carb8n is felt especially
at temperatures between 400-500 C, where steel with
Card 112 0.04% carbon content showed a lesser wear resistance.

SOV/143-59-3-17/20
The Problem of Metal Destruction in a Stream of Abrasive Particies
Further, the author established some relations between
the wear resistance in a stream of abrasive particles
and the mechaniSal characteristics. The greatest
strength at 300 0 corresponds to the highest wear
resistance. The lowest strength at 500 C was connect-
ed with a low wear resistance at the same temperature.
The oxidation process must have a great influence on
the wear of carbon steel. Once, the strength proper-
ties of the oxide coating are different from the ana-
loguous properties of steel and, in addition, the
fastening of the oxide coating to the metal surface
has a certain influence. There are 7 graphs, 1 dia-
gram, 2 tables and 16 Soviet references.
AS50CIATION: Oibirskiy fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut (Siberian
Physical-Technical Institue) Laboratoriya rezaniya i
treniya (Laboratory for Cutting and Friction)
SUBMITTED: July 21, 1958
Card 2/2

68869
6/139/59/000/05/010/026
AUTHOR: Kashcheyev, V.N. R091/8191
aenaW~~f Wear Resistance of a Metal in an
TITLE: On the ep n , 0
Abrasive Stream on its Surface Hardness, Ac4uired by
Mechanical Working
PERIODI*%'J'AL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniyj
Fizikaj 195% Nr 5t pp 5B-63 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In abrasive wear it is assumed that preliminary working
does not affect wear resistance of metals. The surface
of a ring made from cold-rolled commercially pure
aluminium, (65%deformation) was subjected to impact by
abrasive particles, as shown in Fig 1. The linear
peripheral velocity of the ring was 26 m/sec, and the
grain sizes were 500 to 600 p. The loss in weight of
the ring in milligrams corresponding to the consumption
of a definite portion of the grain was recorded. The
ring was then annealed at 400 OC. If the hardness
according to the Shore scale fell from 15 to 8 and the
microhardness from 55 kg/mm2 to 31 kg/mm2l the wear was
Card assumed not to have suffered any change. Rings of
1/6 carbon steel containing 0.1% and o.68% carbons after
machining with corundum on an abrasive cloth Nr 21+0 at

68869
S/139/59/000/05/010/026
3091/B191 '
On the Dependence of Wear Resistance of a Metal in an Abrasive
Stream on its Surface Hardness, Acquired by Mechanical Working
approximately 5.1n/sec as the last operation, were tested
for hardliess Vith TP and PMTZ machines7 and were
subsequently subjected to wear in a stream of slowly
falling abrasive electrocorundum. of 500 to 600 )1 grain
size. 1000 g of grains were used in one experiment.
The rate of revolution of the rings was 2990 r.p.m.,
theirvi'diameter was 120 mm, their width 15 mm, the height
of fall of the grains 900 mm, the diameter of the
abrasive stream 8 mm and the duration of the experiment
approximately 50 minutes. The wear was determined by
weighing on analytical balances to.-an accuracy of up to
0.1 Mg. The surface of the above rings was subjected
to rubbing against a medium carbon steel ring of 50 mm,
diameter and 2 mm width; the side-face edges of the
ring became rounded. Rubbing was continued for several
hours by rotating both rings in one direction, i.e. pure
C C. r CL slip without free play took place. One of the rings was
2/6 displaced along its axis which caused hardening along
the whole surface. The speed of rubbing was approximately
5 m/see and the compressive force on the rings was 2000 g.

68869
S/139/59/000/05/010/026
9091/13191
On the Dependence of Wear Resistance of a Metal in an Abrasive
Stream on its Surface Hardness, Acquired by Mechanical Working
Ample machine oil was applied. As a result of friction,
the microhardness of the rings increased considerably.
Their further treatment in the abrasive stream by the
previous method showed a distinct drop in wear. In
Figs 2 and 3 curve 1 shows the summary wear of a low
carbon steel which had not been submitted to metallic
friction. The initial diamond-pyramid hardness at a
load of 5 kgm was 11+3 kg/mm2, the initial microhardness
of the ring surface at a load of 50 g was 148,kg/mm2.
Curve 2 shows the summary wear of the same ring after
its surface had hardened as a result of metallic
friction, after which its hardness of 143 kg/mm2 had not
changed; the microhardness at a load of 50 g had
increased to 588 kg/mm2. Curve 3 shows the summary
wear of a high carbon steel ring which had not been
submitted to metallic friction. The initial hardness
Card was 21+5 kg/mm2 and the initial microhardness of the ring
3/6 surface at a load of 50 g was 420 kg/mm2. Curve 4
shows the summary wear of the same ring after its surfaced(
had rubbed against that of a medium carbon steel by the

68869
S/139/59/000/05/010/026
E091/E191
On the Dependence of Wear Resistance of a Metal in an Abrasive
Stream on its Surface Hardness, Acquired by Mechanical Working
above method, which caused a small rise in hardness to
257 kg/mm2 and aggeat increase in microhardness of the
surface to 657 k mm2. In connection with the above
results the determination of the influence of
preliminary working of the steel, by polishing on an
abrasive cloth, on the wear resistance of the steel in
an abrasive stream was of interest. An annealed medium
carbon steel ring of 110 kg/mmZ'hardness was subjected
to wear in a stream of OKS abrasive particles of 250 to
600 grain size. The test was carried out by the same
method as shown in Fig 1 but with the difference that
the grdins were falling not along the tangent of the ring
surface but at right angles to it. 1000 g of grains
falling from a.height of 46 cm was used for each test.
The cross-section of the grain stream was 17 X 1.5 mm2,
the ring diameter 120 mm, its width 20 mm, the number of
revolutions per minute 6000, and the duration of the test
13 to V+ minutes. The amount of wear was determined by
weighing on analytical balances to an accuracy of up to
0.1 Mg. The results of these tests are shown in Table 1.

68869
S/139/59/000/05/010/026
3091/8191
On the Dependence of Wear Resistance of a Metal in an Abrasive
Stream on its Surface Hardness, Acquired by Mechanical Working
In order to find out whether phase transformations or the
usual hardening due to plastic deformation affected the
wear resistance to an abrasive streap, experiments were
carried out in which the alloy D161W and commercially
pure aluminium, copper and nickef-were tested. Fig 1+
shows the results of wear of a ring-shaped specimen of
the Duralumin alloy-YD16. Fig 5 gives the results of
wear, in an abrasive stream of 0KSl grains of
approximately 500 p diameter, of annealed and subsequently
hardened (by rubbing against steel rollers) ring-shaped
specimens of commercially pure aliminium, copper and
nickel. An analysis of the above results leads to the
conclusion that the increase in wear resistance in an
abrasive stream, after hardening of the surface by
friction, was brought about only for alloys which undergo
phase transformations (steel and D16 alloy). In this
Card case, as a result of friction (steel), a very great
516 increase in hardness is observed. Friction of
commercially pure aluminium7 copper and nickel is not
accompanied by a great rise in hardness and does not

68869
8/139/59/000/05/010/026
B091/9191
On the Dependence of Wear Resistance of a Metal in an Abrasive
Stream on its Surface Hardness, Acquired by Mechanical Working
cause a change in their wear resistance to an abrasive
stream. It appears that the main reason for the
increase in wear resistance of surfaces subjected to
friction is the formation of wear-resistance structures
as a result of specific phase transformations which
take place during friction.
Card There are 5 figures 1 1 table and 16 references, of
6/6 which 11 are Soviet, 4 German and 1 English.
ASSOCIATION: Sibirskiy fiziko-tekhnicheskiy inst-itut pri
gosuniversitete imeni V.V. Kuybysheva
(Siberian Physico-Technical Institute of the
State University imeni V.V. Mybyshev)
3U%1'1TTBD; January 20, 1959
Tomskom.
Tomsk

KUZNBTSOV, V.D.; KASHCHLITBV, Y.N.
Hardness of metals and their wear in a stream of abrasive
particles. Insh.-fia.zhur. no-10:93-96 0 159.
(MM 13:2)
1. Sibirokiy fiziko-takhnichaski7 institut, Tomsk.
(Hardness) (Mechanical wear)

S/139/6o/000/01/oo6/041
19,F2_00 B073/E435
AUTHOR: Kashcheyev V.N.
I ~~ _V1
TITLE: -W_ea`rPof Aluminium-Magnesium and Aluminium-ZincV1 Alloys
in a Stream of Abrasive Pariicles at Elevated
Temperatures
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy, Fizika,
1960, Nr 1, PP 38-45 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The abrasive wear in a stream of corundum particles
was investigated for Al-Mg and Al-Zn alloys containing
respectively 0, 19 41 81 16 and 20 wt S of pure
magnesium and 0, 19 2, 10, 20 and 35 wt %, of pure zinc,
rest pure aluminium. The experiments were made at
various temperatures between 20 and 400*C. The rate
of abrasive wear as a function of the magnesium and,_
zinc content respectively is entered in the plots.,.'
Fig I and 2. Fig 3 shows0a plot of the hot-hardness
(at 20, 100, 200, 300, 400 C) as a function o~f the
magnesium content (%); Fig 4 shows a similar plot for
Card 1/3 AI-Zn alloys. Fig 5 and 6 show respectively

694AZ
S/139/bO/000/01/006/041
E073/E435
Wear of Aluminium-Magnesium and Aluminium-Zinc Alloys in a Stream
of Abrasive Particles at Elevated Temperatures
Card 2/3
the dependence of the abrasive wear of Al-Mg and
Al-Zn alloys on the test temperature. Fig 7 and
show vespectively plots of the dependence of the
hot hardness of Al-Mg and Al-Zn alloys on the test
temperature. The results indicate that static
distortions in alloys which are caused by the presence
of atoms of the alloying elements lead to an increase
of the wear resistance at low temperatures, whilst at
high temperatures the wear will usually increase the
more intensivelyg the higher the degree of alloying.
This behaviour is attributed to a drop in the fusion
temperature with increasing content of the alloying
element in the alloy. The hardness in the hot state
does not determine unequivocally the wear resistance,
although there is a qualitative correspondence between
these characteristics within a certain range.. The
concentration of the limit saturation solid solutions
does not appear to be characterized by any specific
RAJK~Z4~PFX-N-'N
-W

69432
S/139/60/000/01/006/041
E073/E435
Wear of Aluminium-Magnesium and Aluminium-Zinc Alloys in a Stream
of Abrasive Particles at Elevated Temperatures
effect on the wear resistance. There are 8 figures,
and 9 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATIONiSibirskiy fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut pri Tomskom
gosuniversitete imeni V.V.Kuybysheva
(Siberian Physico-Technical Institute, Tomsk State
University imeni V.V.Kuybyshev)
SUBMITTED: February 24, 1959
Card 3/3

Wear of duralumin from impacts by abrasive particles during aging.
Izv.vyo.ucheb.zav.;fiz. uo*2%235-236 160. (MIRA 13:8)
1. Sibirskiy fiziko-tekhnicheskiy Institut pri Tomskom gosuniveraitete
im. V.V.,KVbyaheva.
(Duralumi-a)

B/145/60/000/008/008/008
D211/D304
AUTHORS: Ka4iQuev, V.N., Candidate of Physico-Mathematical
M.encelsp Pang Glazkov, V#Mo, Engineer
TITLE: Wear of metals in a stream of abrasive particles of
various hardness
PERIODICAL; Izvestiya vyeshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Mashinostroye-
niye, no. 89 19609 1~2 - 138
TEXT: The article deals with the resistance to war of commercially
pure metals subjected to the impacts of abrasive particles of vari-.
ous hardness# The wear resistance of Pb Bi Sn, Sb, Alp Cd, Mg, Zn
and steels C60H (S60N) and CT37 (StP~ were investigated using
coal, slate, calcitep magnesite and OKC 1 (OKSJ) as the abrasive.
The wear of these metals was a function of the hardness of the ab
rasive, the modulus of elasticity i.e. Young's modulus of the mat;-' :
rialp and also the coefficient of rigidity of the lattice Ka The
author states that the wearp expressed in mm3f of metals of various
hardness rises sharply if the hardness of the abrasive is compara-,
Card 1/10
j
wit

VIL'i I D
AUTHORS:
TITLE:
PERIODICAL:
21321
B/143/60/000/012/005/007
A163/kO26
Kashcheyev) V. N., Candidate of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences; Glazkov, V. M., Engineer
Comparative resistance to wear of some metals in a flow of
abrasive particles at increased tempe6tures
Energetika, no.*12, 1960, 74 - 77
TEXT: The article deals with the resistance to wear of some metals
in a flow of abrasive particles at increased temperatures. The author fur-
nishes data on experimental tests carried out with the following types of
steel being used in engineering and boiler construction; 20-type steel sub-
jected to thermal treatment by tempering on laminar and granular perlite;
15Am(15KhM)p 310 (E10), r13 (G13 I X12 (Kh12), CX8 (SKh8M) and 1X18H9T
(MM9T) steels; and ZK20 (VK20i hard alloy. The wearing tests were per-
formed with the help of an installation shown on Figure 1. OKC(OKS) grain,
J.
having a hardness of N,!~'- 21100 kg/mm2 and a size of 500 - 600 mk, slowly
and evenly reached the cylindrical surface of the disc via hopper (1)~ a
Card 1/5

Comparative resistance to wear of .....
21321
8/143/60/000/012/005/007
A163/AO26
special device (2), and a vertical tube (3). The steel disc (4) rotated at
a speed of n = 3,500 revolutions per minute. The metals to be tested were
fastened into wedge-shaped notches on the circumference of the disc. They
had the form of laminae with a cylindrical working surface of 15 x 20 mm-
The overalldiameter of the disc was 120 mm and the linear speed of the disc
rim points 22 m/sec. The disc was set up in an electric furnace (5) lined
on the inside to keep the temperature on an even level. The escaping grain
was recovered by container (6) and used again, since its abrasive power re-
mained unchanged. The temperature was maintained with the help of AATP
(LATR) operating with an accuracy of � 100C and fixed with thermocouple M-
The 20-type steel on laminar perlite was tempered at 8000C for 30 minutes
and subsequently cooled down at a rate of 15 - 20 degrees per hour by pass-
ing the critical points. The tempering on the globular perlite had bean
carried out at 7700 C for minutes with subsequent cooling at a rate of 60-70
degrees per hour. In the course of each testv lasting for 180 - 1902 4 kg
of grain was used. The wear of the inserts was determined with an analyti-
cal balance and by hydrostatical. wejgbLng. The VK20 alloy possesses the best
wear-resisting properties, and the 20-type steel, tempered on globular per-
Card 2/5

21321
S/143/60/000/012/005/007
Comparative resistance to wear of .... A163/AO26
lite, the lowestp according to the results obtained. It is interesting to
note thatq if the initial hardness of the VK20 alloy is about 10 times
higher than that of the 20-type steel, the wear of the latter is greater by
only 3.6 times at 5000C, and by 5 times at 200C. In spite of the consider-
able mechanical differences between the materials selected, the wear of the
metals in the abrasive flow did not make them so much different from one
another. It may be assumed that the resistance to wear of the 1Kh18NqT,
SKh8M and Kh12 steels, and that of the VK20 alloy, is mainly due to their
low corrosion at 500OC- In fact, when rotating the disc with the metal
pieces at an ambient air temperature of 5000C for 180 minutes without feed-
ing of grains, the weight of the 20-typeg 15KhM, E10, and G13 steels decree--,
ed by 0.1 - 4.2 mg, that of the Kh12 steel and WO alloy increased by
0.4 - 1.1 mg, and the weight of the SKh8M and 1Kh18NqT steels remained un-
changed. The author concludes by pointing out that the highly-manganous
G13 steel did not reveal any high wear-resisting properties, although its
hardness increased after tempering and cooling during test intervals, while
that of other materials decreased. There are 4 figures and 6 Soviet refer-
ences.
Card 3/5

21321
S/143/60/000/012/005/007
Comparative resistance to wear of .... A163/AO26
ASSOCIATION: Sibirskiy fiziko-tekhnicheskiy nauchno-issledovatellskiy insti-
tut pri Tomskom gosudarstvennom universitete imeni V.V.Kuyby-
sheva( Sibrian Physicotechnical Scientific Research Institute
at the Tomsk State University im. V. V. Kuybyshev).
PRESENTED: at the meeting of the staff members of the Department for the
Physics of Solids
SUBMITTED: March 8, 1960
Card 4/5

--,,..213[21
S/143 60/OCO/012/005/037
Comparative resistance to wear of Al YA026
FiGure 1: Experimental device
Card 5/5
MINIMUM!

2:~521
S/l39/6l/000/002/oi6/oi8
E073/E535
AUTHORSt Kashcheyev, V. N. and Qlazkov, V. M.
TITLE: Resistance to Abrasion and the Bond Forces of the
Metal Lattice
PERIODICALi Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenly, Fizika,
1961, No.2, PP-156-159
TEXTt Wear of a metallic surface as a result of impacts by
abrasive particles on its surface is a recurring problem. Whilst
in some caaes the aim is to increase the resistance to abrasive
wear, in others it may be desirable to increase the abrasive
effect of the moving mineral particles. V. D. Kuznetsov and
V. N. Kashcheyev (Ref.1) described experiments on the wear of
technically pure annealed metalsby a flow of abrasive particles
carried out for the purpose of determining the relation between
the wear resistance, the hardness and the Young modulus of metals,
The results did not yield an unequivocal dependence of the'wear
resistance on the hardness and the Young modulus (data from the
literature). However, the graphs show a general tendency of an
increase in the resistance to wear with increasing hardness and
Card 1/6

21522
Resistance to Abrasion and ... S/139/61/000/002/016/oi8
E073/B535
Young modulus. The investigations of M. M. Xhrushchnvr and
M, A. Habichev (Refs.2-6) sh ow e d that for pure metals in the
annealed state there is 'a direct proportionality between the
relative resistance to wear and hardness. Spoor and Newcombe
assume that the wear resistance of metals will depend on the
elastic properties. According to them, the abrasion wear will be
the lower-the higher the moduius of elasticity. According to
B. M~ Rovinskiv (Ref.10) a square relation exists between the
resistance to abrasive wear and the modulus of elasticity.
Ac.cording to. M. M. Khrushchov and M. A. Babichev (Ref.13) the
following relation applies to a large number of metals, alloys
and minerals in the case of wear by rigidly embedded abrasive
grainst const El-3
where c - relative resistance to wear, E - modulus of elasticity.
According to the data of the authors of this paper, the relations
governing the destruction of metals by freely hitting abrasive
grains differ from those pertaining to embedded abrasive grains.
Card 2/6

21521
Resistar,-,.e to Abrasion and S/139/61/000/002/oi6/018
E073/E535
Therefore, experiments were carried out for the purpose of
establishing a relation between the abrasive wear by means of a
stream of abrasive particles and the modulus of elasticity
determined directly on the specimens subjected to wear tests.
According to K, V. Savitskiy (Ref.15) the resistance of metals and
alloys to abrasive wear depends not only on the strength of the
interatomic bond but also on the structural state. In the case of
considerable temperature rise, the structural factor may be
predomi'aant. From this point of view metals and alloys which
are in the metastable state are of particular interest. It is
necessary to assume that only under otherwise equal conditions
will the wear resistance be determined unequivocally by the Inter-
atomic bond forces. The experiments were carried out with
annealed specimens of Pb, Mg, Sb, Bi, Zn, Sn, Cd, Ni, Al, Cu and
low carbon (0.04%) steel which were in the form of linings of equal
dimensions with cylindrical active surfaces of 13 x 21 mm . These
linings were fixed onto the periphery of a bronze disc of 120 mm
diameter. The wear tests were carried out at room temperature by
means of a test-rig as shown in Fig.l. A certain charge (3 kg per
Card 3/6

215a
Resistance to Abrasion and S/139/61/000/002/016/oi8
E073/E535
experiment) of abrasive grains of goo-600 u was Doured into the
bunker 1 and allowed to pass at a slow rate, using
a special device 2 wxtn a vibrating needle, through a rectangular
cross-section vertical tube from a height of 50 cm,onto a disc
rotating at 600 r.p.m. and carrying the specimens under test. The
gap between the front wall tip of the tube and the rotating disc
wfts about 4 to 5 times smaller than the average dimension of the
used grain, therefore, the air flow which was drawn into the gap
could turn the falling grains about their centre of gravity with-
out carrying them away. The slow rate of feedIng the abrasive
grains was necessary to prevent the bouncing off grains from
screening falling grains. The wear of the specimens was determined
by weighing with an accuracy of up to 0.1 mg. The bouncing off
grains from the internal space 5 were cnUected in the container 6
and recirculated. The obtained results are plotted in terms of
the resistance to wear, 1/mm3lvsg modulus of elasticity, kg/mm2 in
Fig.2. Each point represents..the average of 5 to 10 experiments.
The modulus of elasticity wai's determined by ultrasonics in
the Physics Laboratory of the Tomskiy politekhnicheskiy institut
(Tomsk Polytechnical Institute), using a device designed by the
Card 4/6

21521
Resistance to Abrasion and ...
S/139/61/000/002/016/018
E073/E535
Senior Lecturer A. A.2Botaki. The following values of the
Young moduli E, kg/mm Were obtainedt Ph - 1800, Bi - ~000,
mg - 4330, Cd 5465, Sn - 564o, Sb - 6oao, Al - 7190, zn - 10030,
Cu - 12550, Ni 21920, Fe - 21810. It can be seen thaL the
resistance increases with the Young,modulus. The results als6
show a linear increase in'the resistan'ce to abrasion with
increasing rigidity, K, of the crystal lattice. Plotting the
dependence of K (or the value me2 which is proportional to K) on
the elasticity modulus (experimental values), it can be seen that
the relation between these is reasonably linear. The modulus of
elasticity and the characteristic temperature are charact-eristics
of the bond forces of the crystal lattice; they show little
dependence on the temperature and on the structUre,which does not
pipply to the resistance to wear. Although there is no accurate and
unequivocal relation, it can be stated that, generally speaking,
there is a close relation between these values and the resistance
to abrasive wear will be the hIgher the higher the modulus of
elasticity or the value of MO There are 4 figures and
15 references: all Soviet.
Card 5/6
2

Resistance to Abrasion and ... 0-/139/61/000/002/0!6/018
E073/E535
ASSOCIATIONt Sibirskiy fiziko-teklinicheskiy institut pri
Tomskom gosuniversi'tete im-ni Vi, V. Kuybysheva
(Siberian Physico-Tuchnical Institute at the
Tomsk State University imaiii V. V. Kuybyshev)
SUBMITTED; July 2, !960
-k
04
14
fe

4 6
?0-Y AW
PHC.

KASHCHEYEfy V N kand.fiz.-matem.naulj' ILAZKOV- V,M*. inzh-
Mechanism of the destruction of a metallic surface by the free izqxLet
of an abrasive particlee Izvevysouchebazave; energ- 4 no-4:80-85
Ap 161, (MM 14:5)
1. Sibirskiy fiziko-tekhnicheskiy nauchno-issledovateltakiy institut,
pri Tomskom universiteteimeni V.V.Kuybyaheva. Predstavlens. otdelom
fiziki tverdogo tela,
(Mechanical wear) (Metals)

25921 S/126/61/012/001/013/020
19 8200 E193/E480
AUTHOR; KashchqyAK,,_.VN.
TITLEt Friction-induced'deformation of the surface of steel
and its effect on resistance to abrasion wear
PERIODICAL: Pizika metallov i metallovodeniye, 1961, Vol.12, No.1,
PP-108-117
TEXT: It has been found'by many workers that strain-hardening
Attained by conventional methods does not increase the resistance
of metals to wear by abrasion and does not affect their hardness.
as measured by the width of a scratch inscribed by a pointed
indenter under small normal load'. At "he same time it has been
shown by the present author (Ref.18: Izv. vuzov, Fizika, 1959, No-5)
that friction-induced deformation of a steel surface increases its
resistance to wear by abrasive particles (impinging freely on a
rotating test piece) although the resistance to wear by abrasion of
pure aluminium, nickel and copper cannot be increased by this
treatment. The object of the present investigation was to find an
explanation of this effect. The experiments were carried out on a
medium carbon steel test piece in the form of-a wheel of 120 mm
diameter and 20 mm face width which, in the diametrical cross-
Card l/ 7
.. ... . ........

25992
Friction-induced deformation ...
S/126/61/012/001/013/020
E193/E480
section', represented an I-beam so as to reduce its weight to a
value sufficiently low for the application of a micro-analyt-lcal
balance to estimate the weight losses due to wear. In the
surface hardening tests the *test wheel was rotated in contact with
fast rotating loaded discs of various materials (steels, bronze,
glass and thermo-corundum) without or with the application of
various lubricants (mineral oil, water, mineral oil plus 0.2% oleic,
acid). The degree of surface hardening was determined by micro-
hardness measurements carrIed out under the load of 20 g. Two
methods were used to study the wear resistance of the test piece.
In one, silicon carbide powder (500 to 600 u particle size) was
Allowed continuously to fall from a height of 90 or 50 cm on-to the
cylindrical face of the test piece rotating at 3500 or 6000 rev/min,
and after 11 to 12 minutes the loss of weight of the test piece was
determined. In the other, a loaded (250 9 load) strip of emery
paper (No.100) was wrapped around the cylindrical surface of the,
test piece (the angle of contact being 140*), rotating at
300 rev/min for 20 minutes; again, the degree of wear was
determined by measuring the weight loss. The results of the first
Card 2/7

25921 S/126/61/012/001/013/020
Friction-induced deformation E193/E480
series of experiments can be summarized-as follows.
(1) Dry friction against a low-carbon annealed ateel.disc
produced the highest degree of surface hardening on the normalized
test piece whose micro-hardneen increased from an initial value of
127 kg/mm2 to 964 kg/mm2 after this treatment, and a correspondingly
high increase in resistance to wear, the loss of weight being
18.2 g after, and'40.2 g before, the treatment. (2) Twofold'
increase in the wear resistance, determined-by the silicon carbide
powder method', was observed'on all specimens whose surface micro-
hardness increased'above 500 kg/mm2. (3) Although the surface
hardness of the test piece, rotated in water against steel WX15
(ShKh 15) increased' from 127 to only 249 kg/mm2, its resistance to
wear increased considerably, the weight loss changing from the
initial 40.2 g to 28 g I similar results were obtained on test
pieces rotated against dry glass discs. In the next series of
experiments the effect of sliding speed between the surface of
the test piece and that of a low carbon steel disc on the degree of
surface hardening was studied'. It was found that at sliding
spee-ds greater than 2.6 m/sec and at the normal load'of 1000 g,
the degree of surface hardening waa unaffected by the variation of
Card 3/7

259 S/126/61/012/001/013/020
~fl E193/E48o
Friction-induced deformat on
the Sliding speed*, the micro-hardness remaining constant at
860 kg/mm2 up to the speed of 11.6 m/sec. At low speeds (0.1 m/sec)
and normal loads (300 9) the surface hardness increased from the
initial 127 to a final value of 285 kg/mm2. Similar increase in
surface hardness (^nd in resistance to wear) was caused by
machining on a lathi. In the next series of experiments, thw
resistance to wear b,, abrasion-with bonded abrasive particles
(emery paper) was st~Aied, , The following 4 test pieces of medium-
carbon steel were:usee.; (A) a test piece annealed for I hour at
8oo9c; (B) a test piece surface-hardened by friction against
steel ShKhl5 and then tempered at 500*C: (C) a test piece
annealed at 800% and then mazhined on a lathe; M a test piece
annealed at 800% and then surface-hardened by friction against a
steel rod, lubricated with mineral oil. The mic Eo-hardness of
test pieces A to D was 120, 201, 351 and 679 kg/mm respectively,
the corresponding weight losses due to abrasion by a loaded emery
paper strip were 62.6, 34.5, 27.9 and lo.8 g. These experiments
were followed'by metallographic examination of sections of surface-
hardened specimens which revealed that the surface layer etched (in
Card 4/7
25921 S/126/61/012/001/013/020
Friction-induted deformation ... E193/E480
a 4% aqueous eolution of HN03) more rapidly than the
undeformed material of the core and that the friction-hardened
layer was not identical with the Ao-called*t1white zonert, observed
by 14.V.Rastegayev (Ref.23i Metallovedeniye I termicheskaya,
obrabotka, 1959, No.12). Analysis of the above des-,ribed'results
led the present author to believe that the obaerryed-increaae in
wear resistance of friction-hardened', medium-carbon ateel may, be
associated with phase-transformationB taking place during the
frIction-hardening treatment. Consequently, it waa considbred'
necessary to carry out aupplementary experiments on a low--,arbon
ferriti-z (transformer) steel in which the y-ragion is zomparatively
narrow-and in which the austaniti~; state Is more difficult to
dttain, on a high-~arbon steel X10 (U10) and'on an austeniti--
steel 3511.T (MrIT)t the latter two being surf ace-hard-enad- by
friction at & t6mperature-above the beginning of martensiti--
transformation and then cooled slowly to room temperature in order
to eliminate the Possibility of th6 formation of martensitw. In
the case of the transformer sta6l, surfai;e-hardened by frl-:tion at
room temperature, the micro-hardness inctreased from 208 to
340 kg/mm2 but wear resistani,
,a was
Card 5/7 Pra,-ti~~ally unaffa~c_tad: in the

S/126/61/012/001/013/020
Friction-induced deforMIARn ... E193/E480
case of steels U10 and EYalT, surfai~e-hardened by friction at
300 and 130% respectively, the increase in hardness was
insignificant and so was the im.-rease in the wear resiatanz:e. it
was cone-luded therefrom that the Increase in resistance of the
medium-4:arbon steel to wear by abrasion, attained by frii:tion
surface-hardening, In assoziat6d with the spec~'fi.- martensitic
transformation (y4a) in the surface layer. Thi3 zan be inferred
from the following factat (1) The absence of any in::rease in the
abrasion resistance of pure metals whose surface had'been deformed
by friction. (2) The absence of any 1-hange in the w6ar
resistance of steels UIO and MIT, whose surface had-been deformed
by friction in an electr-:Lc furnsz~e, heated above the- tamper-ature of
the beginning of the martensitiz: transformation in -these steels.
(3) A relatively sMall increase in the wear resistance of the-
ferritic steel with a narrow y-range after the frittion-hardening
treatment, (4) The considerably higher etching rate of the -
friction-hardened surface layer --ompared with that of the adjacent
undeformed part of the test piece. (5) Oc--asional increase in the
abrasion resistance not accompanied by a large increase In the'
hardness of the friction-,hardened'layer, and the absence of any
Card 6/7

25921 S/126/61/012/001/013/020
Friction-induced deformation E193/E480
increase in the abrasion resistance of materials, surface-hardened
by the conventional mechanical treatment. (6) The decrease in the
Ifidth of scratches inscribed on the surface of the friction-
hardened specimens. V.V.Chernyshev, B.I.Kostetskiy, L.S.Palatnik
are mentioned for their contribution in the field. There are
4 figures, 5 tables and 25 referencest 23 Soviet and 2 non-Soviet.
The reference to an English language publication reads as followst
Walsh N.C. J.Appl.Phys., 1957, 28 (9), 96o.
ASSOCIATIONi Sibirskly fiziko-takhnichookiy institut
(Siberian Physicotechnical Institute)
SUBMITTEDs October 31, 1960
Card 7/7

KASHCHEYEV,_3[,IL; GLAZKOV, V. M.
Abraesive wear of prestressed nickel. Fiz. met. i matalloved.
14 no.4:608-612 0 162. (Mim 15:10)
1. Sibirskly fiziko-tekhnicheskiy nauchno-isffledovatellskiy
institut.
(Nickel-Cold working)
(Mechanical wear)

KASHCHEYEV ?~fE 1N I
starshiy nauclmyy sotradnilf; SIOIP nauchnyy
notrudnik
Effect of temperature conditions in a frintlon unit on its wear.
Izv. vys. ucheb. zav.; washinostr. noX:.-!,K---167 163.
(MIRA 17: 10)
1. Tomskiy gosudarst-venny-y univer~3itet.

USHMMT, V. P.
"Abrasive Grain and Abrasive Destruction of the Surface of a Solid Body.t~-
Cand Phys-Math Sci., Tomsk U., Tomsk, 1954. (RZhFiz, Nov 54)
Survey of Scientific and Technical Dissertations Defended at USSR Higher
Educational Institutions (11)
SO: Sum. No. 521, 2 Jun 55

7"
KASHCII4nN, V.V., inzh.; OuLULL11I V.K., inzh.
Reducing E~ccidenta in Kirghizia mines. Bezop. trLda v prom 5
no. 2:14-15 F 161. (I-Mk 14:~)
1. Gos 'ortekhnadzor Kirgizskoy SSR.
6
(Kirghizistan-Mining enginooring-Safety measures)

BUSHMICH, D.G., starshiy nauchmy sotrudnik; KASHCUTWA, G.M., mwahly
nauchnyy sotradnik,
Diagnostic significance of the agglutination of virus-coated
bacteria in trachoma. Oft.zhur. 13 no-7:387-391 -158.
IMIRA 12:1)
1. Is Mrrainokogo nauchzo-iseledovatellskogo ins"tuta glazuykh
bolemey i tkaneToy terapii imeni akademika, V.P. '-.jatova (dir. -
profs, N~A. Puchkovskaya.).
(MJUNCTIVITLS. GRANULAR)
(BLOOD-AGGLUTINATION)

BUSMUCH, B.G., doktor med.uauk; X&SHCHEMA, G.M,, mladshly nauchnY7
sotradnik
frequency of the detection of trachomataus antibodies In trachoma
patients. Oft.zhur. 15 no.l-.34-38 160. (UM 13
1. 1z Ukraitokogo uauchno-iouled. okeperimentalinogo Inatituts.
gleLznykh bolezney I tk~nsvoy torapil, imoul akad. T.P. Filatova.
(direktor - prof. N.A. Ptwhkovskaya).
(ANTIGENS AIND AITMODIES) (CONMOTIVITIS, GR&NUUR)

BARKOV., N.N., kand. ekon.'nauk; Prinimali uchastiye: POWMAREV9 S.A.,
inzh.; YELISEMA, T.V., ihzh.; MOLYARCHUK, G.V., kand. ekon.
nauk; IVANOT L.N., inzh.; KA_-S
ACHffEVA,_,T.N., inzh.;
LEGORNEVAO V.I.J. lnzh.; KUZIMIKA, T.T,, 1nzh; INOZEMTSEVA, K.N.,
inzh.; YANDOWVSKIYj N.A., inzh.; PAVLOVA Ye.A.4 starshiy
tekhnik; VOtKOVA1, I.S.o atarshi7 inzh.; 6kARIYANJ, G.S.Y
tekhnik; VOROBIYEVA, L.V., tekhn. red.
(Seasonal and weekday variations in railroad freight trans-
portation]. Sezonnaia i vnutrinedellnaia neravnomernost'
gruzovykh parevozok na sholeznykh dorogakh. Moskva, Tram-
zheldorizdat, 1961. 95 P. (Moscow. Veamoiusnyi nauchno-WIDdo.
vatel'skii institut zheleznodorozhnogo transporta. Trudy,
no. 249). \%
(MIRA 16:4)
(Railroads-Freight)

SOV/ 137-58-7-14063
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya., 1958, Nr 7, p 12 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Treyger, I.N., Kashcheyeva N.A., Savranskaya, A.F.
TITLE: Determining the Reducibility of the Sinter at the Zaporozhstal'
Plant (Opredeleniye vosstanovimosti aglomerate na zavode
"Zaporozhstall 11)
PERIODICAL: Byul. nauchno-tekhn. inform. Ukr. n. -i. in-t metallov,
1957, Nr 2, pp 84-89
ABSTRACT: Improvement in the methods of determining the reducibility
of the sinter makes it possible to run 20-24 analyses per day
instead of 5. The sinter sample taken is 200 g in the 8-10 mrn
fraction at 800�5'C. The gas flow is continued for I hour 25
min, and the rate of gas passage is 3.4 liters/min, the total
gas consumption being 290 liters. For better employment of
the furnaces, 2 reaction tubes are assigned to each (to permit
one tube to be charged while the other is cooling). Their design
has been improved: size is reduced by 60 percent, the Fe
crucible is replaced by a screen floor, and the method of seal-
ing the reaction tube has been changed (bolted flanges have
Card 1/2 been replaced by a threaded cover). Three reaction furnaces

SOV/ 137-58-7-14063
Determinin- the Reducibility of the Sinter at the Zaporozhstall Works
0
have been installed. Blast-furnace gas may be used instead of producer gas.
Blast-furnace gas containing 107o C02, 0. 57o Oz, and 30. 5~o CO acquires
the following composition after being passed through a 3011/0 caustic or pyro-
gallol solution: 0. 50/o C02, no 02, and 32. 807o CO.
G. F.
1. Ores--Processing 2. Sintering furnaces--Performance 3. Gases--Applications
Card 2/2
mums

SOV/133-58-10-30/31
-AUTHORS: Treyger, IN, Savren kaya, A.P.
TITIR: Tin Recovery from Waste Products of Tin Plating
(Izvlecheniye olova ft otkhodov luzheniya zhesti)
PERIODICAL: Stall, 1958,IiNr 10, PP 957-959 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: During hot tinning of white tinplate, only 80% of tin is
actually consumed for tinning-,the remaining 20% is
transferred into waste products. A chemical mthod of
recovery of tin from the waste products is proposed. It
consists of dissolving waste products in hydrochloric
acid and, after dilution with water, tin is precipi-
tated in the form of sponge by zinc. Tin sponge is washed,
pressed into briquettes and smelted under flux. Tin
recovered in this way is suitable for the manufacture of
white tin plate. The solution of zinc and ferrous chlorides
which remains after the separation of tin sponge, is
treated with 30yo hydrogen peroxide to oxidise ferrous
iron to ferric iron, which is then precipitated with
25% ammonia (pH = 2) . The precipitated ferric hydroxide
is separated either by settling or centrifuging and the
Cardl/2

SOV/133-58-10-30/31
Tin Recovery from Waste Products of Tin Plating
remaining zinc chloride solution is evaporated to a
BP-gr- 1-52-1.54, purified from sulphate ions by treatment
with CaCl 2 and used as a flux for tinning.
There is 1 figure.
ASSOCIATION: Zavod "Zaporozhstall" ("Zaporozhstall" Works)
Card 2/2
--MR-P

HF YE- i1'-1
AKII-12Np,. A,po, Imnd, tekhn,'nauk; GB=' V.A., inzh.;,.-KA3HOH1WA, N.P.,
;nzh. KUZNIJT, X.Ya. JUzh.; SKYOMSOV, A.L.
CHUMAGIN, V.S,, jush.
Utilizing waste nitrogen from oxnen plants as a protective Amios-
phere for metal heat treatment in furnaces. Test. mash. 38 no.4-.-
10-4Z AP 158. (MIRA 11-23)
(Hetals-Heat treatment) (Protective atmospheres) (Nitrogen)

KASHCFEYEEV, N. T.
KASHCHEYEV, N. T.: "Ways of improving the economy of the repair of au-
tomatic brakes of freightcars on the railroads of the USSR."
Min Railways USSR. All-Union Sci Res Inst of Railroad Transport.
Moscow) 1955, (Dissertation for the Degree of Candidate in Technical
Sciences.)
Source: Knizhnaya letopis' No 40 1956 Moscow
"I'M

Mechanization of oil drainage from tank care. Zhel.dor.tranap.
41 no-8:59-61 Ag 159. (MIRA 12:12)
1. Zamestitell nacballnika Glavnogo upravlaniya vagonnogo
kbozyayatva
(pe;roleum-Transportation) (Tank care-Cleaning)

IITOZBUBBV, V.G., insh - KASHCHMI, N.T., inzh.
Increasing the operatIional reliability of automatic brakes. Zhel.
dor.transp. 42 no.11:27-30 It 1600 (KIRA 13:11)
Milroads-Brakes)
TIM

KASHDMBT, N.V., inzh.
Using machiner7 in Making prefabricated room units. Mekh.
stroi. 17 no.4;16-18 Ap 160. (KTU 13:6)
(Prec4st adiierete construction)

KASHCHI-YEV, N.Y., inzh.
The over-all mechanization of the loading and unloading of cement.
Mekh.stroi. 17 no.2:14-16 1? 160. (MM 13:8)
(Imoading and unloading)
(Cement-Transportation)

TSEFT, A.L., &kp-de-miki KASHCHEYEVA', T.V.
Chemical concentration of -manganese o-res from the Ikat-Garga
deposit. Vast. AN Yazakhc SSR 19 no.12330-40 D 163. (MIRA 17612)
1. Akadmlya nauk Xazakhakoy SSR (for TSeft').

KASHCHEMA, T.V.; TSZFT,'A.Z.
Value of the plf at which the preaipiate begins to form in the pro-
cesses of manganese precipitation from solutions of its salto.
Trud,v Vost.-Sib.fil. AN SSSR Ao.25:43-51 160, (MIU 13:9)
(14angeneee)

TSEFT, A.L.;-.XASHCHEYX7Aj T.V.
Precipitation of manganese from simple and complex solutions obtained
from the treatment of manganocalcite ores. Trudy Vost.-Sib.fil.
AN SSSR no.25:34-42 160*' (MIRA 13:9)
(Manganese)

3/137/62/000/001/035/237
AO6O/A1Ol
AUTHORS- Kashcheyeva, T. V., Tseft, A. L.
TITLE.: Precipitation of menganese hydroxide at constant pH of the solution
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, no. 1, 1962,23, abstract 10175,
.("Izv. AN KazSSR. Ser. metallurgii, obogashcheniya i ogneuporov"-,
1961,=. 2, 33-38, Kaz- summary)
TEM The process of hydrate formation in dilute solutions of Mn chloride
was studied by the method -of precipitation at constant ~H. It was ''established
that at pH'8.5 - 9.5 the concentration of Mn ions in the solution varies from
4.2 to 0.07 g/liter,.and pure Mn hydroxide is precipitated out.
G. Svodtseva
[Abstracterts note: Complete translation]
Card 1/1

N.P.; VYACHESLAVOV, PX; e
jig ~tf,~ A, Y A.
Study of some "structure-sensitive" properties of Ni-Co
galvanic alloys. Zhur. prM. khim. 36 no.11:2474-2477
N 163. (MIRA 17:1)
-.4

6-1 // 17 et D.
vARLAmOV, V.S., kandidat takhnicheakikh nauk; PEDAYAS, V.M., Inzhener;
GRIGORASHVILI, Ye.I., inzhener; EASHCHMVA, Te.D., inshener;
ASSYEVA, A.A., Inzhener.
Production of synthetic fatty alcohols. Mnal.-Shir.prom. 23 no.70-7-30
15?. (MLRA 10:8)
l.Veasoyuzny7 nauchno-iseledovatel'skiy institut shirov (for Varlamov,
PedayaB) 2.Shobekinakly kombinat.sintaticheskikh zhirnykh kislot I
zhirnykh spirtov (for Grigorashvili, Kashcheyeva, Aseyeva)
(Alcohols)
-n-

VARIAMOV, V.S., kand.tekbn.nauk; PZDATAS, T.M.; GRIGORASHVILI, Te.l.,
inzh.; KASHORYMA, Te.D., lub.
Production of aliphatic alcohols from liquid petroleum
paraffin. Masl.-shir.prom. 26 no.2:23-27 F 160.
04M 13:5)
1. Vsesoyuzny7 muchno-lasladowatellakiy inatitut zbirov
(for Varlamov, Pedayas). 2. Shebakinekly kombinat sinteti-
cbeskikh Shirnykh kislot i zhirnykh spirtov (for Grigorash-
vili, Kashcheyeva)o
(Paraffine) (Alcohols)

RASHEVSKAYA, S.T.; KASHCHEYEVAP Ye.S.; MOSTOSLAVSKAIA, E.I.
~,,
Formation of dinitro-substituted derivatives during nitration of
-phenyl ethyl alcohol* Zhur-ob.khim. 33 no.12:399&4002 D 163.
(MLIZA 17 -' 3) 1

9,'A IAROV, I.A.; KASRCEZMA, Z-1-
Application of primar7 suture after 24 hours. Feldsher e-- akush. no.2:
52-53 Feb 51. (CIML 20:8)
1. Idelchansk, Voroshilovgrad Oblast.

SOKHIN, V.G.J. inzh.; )WgPK~PH. A.11t, inzh.
Design of the pickup units of metal locators* Sbor. trud. VNIINerud
no.2:112-123 162. (MM 16:3)
14 VsesoyumWy nauchno-issledovateliskiy institut- nerudnykh stroitell-
nykh materialov i gidromekhanizataii.
(Mbtal deti6t-ors')

KASHCIIUK, A.P., inzh.; KIJRDIKOV, -Bi A.; SMOLOV, V.B., doktor tekhn. naA;
Ye.A. , kand, tr-khn. nauk
Universal transistorized digital-analog function generator.
Priborostroenie no-5:15-17 My 165. (14IRA 18:5)
~Nl

MIN A no
7 rTi f q-i 9 rp
t I

A mine section which had lagged behind is now coming out in front.
Magt.-ugl.4 no-8:13 A9'55- (MLPA 8:10)
1. Nachallnik uchastka. shakhty no.1-2 "Gorskaya* Voroehilovgradekoy
oblasti
(Donate Basiu--Coal mines and mining)

KASHCHIJKR M.G., inzh.
Welding with a small diameter powder wire, Svar, proiZ'T4 no#4s
34,L35 Ap 165. (MIRA l8t6)
1. Bryanskiy filial MPKTI Priokskogo soveta narodnogo khozyaystva.

A.G. , inzh.
Pmwde- w1re for semiauto,.latic. welding of cast iron without
additional arf~ sbAe-ldin.a. S-ra--. proizv. no.8:24--25 Ag 165.
(.1,111-Hp. 18: 8)
1. Bryansklly filial RPKTI.

3HCHUK, V.
Letter to the editors. Izv,~ i vys. ucheb. zr--.; chern. met.
5 no.10:208 162. i (MIRA 15:11)
1. Tomskiy politekhnicheakiy inatitlita-
(Tool steel-Testing)

EASHCHUX, V.A., inxh,
9
Cast high-opped steel with cobalt. ISv*v7svuchebgZILV&;
chern.met. 2.--,.no,8:l13-116 Ag 159. (MIRA 13; 4)
lo Tomakiy politekhnichaskiy institut. Rekomendovano kafedroy
metallovedaniya Tomskogo politekhnichaskogo inatituta.
(Tool steel--Ketallography)

89676
S/129/61/000/002/009/014
I 2,b E073/E335
AUTHOR: Ka2bshuk,_M~~ ~ineer
TITLE: Cast Cobalt High-speed Steels
PERIODICAL: Metallovedeniye i termicheskaya obrabotka
metallov, 1961, No. 2, pp. 40 - 1*2
TEXTt The author studied the influence of cobalt on high-
speed steel of the following average composition:
1.5% C; 20% W; 5.5% Cr; 5% V. Six experimental heats were
produced in a high-frequency induction furnace. The chemical
composition, in %, of these six heats was as follows:
Heat No. C _W Cr V Co
1 1.55 20.08 5.52 5.01 -
2 1.53 20.19 5.65 5.17 5.65
3 1.49 10.12 5.58 5.21 12.48
1, 1.61 20.24 5.48 5.25 16.oo
5 .1-50 20. 18 5.40 5.09 20-41
6 1.47 20.14 5.46 5.13 26.81
Card 1/8

'89676
S/229/62/000/002/009/024
E073/E335
Cast Cobalt High-speed Steels
The crucible of the furnace had a capacity of 2 kg and had
an acidic lining. Factory scrap of steel F'19 (R18) and
ferro alloys were used as a charge and also specially prepared
high-carbon pig iron. Prior to teeming 0.196 Al and 0.22% Ti
were introduced. Casting was by means of a centrifugal
machine into chill moulds. The quality of the cast tool,
its cutting properties and mechanical strength are determined
by its structure, Fracture photographs showed that all the
experimental steels had a fine-grain fracture. For the steels
from the heats 1-4 the macrostructure did not reveal dendritic
structure. However, for the steel from the heats 5-6 a
definite orientation of the grains was observed, which is
characteristic for a dendritic structure. The as-east
structure of cobalt high-speed steel appears to be a hardening
structure consisting of martensi""es austei-Nitej a carbide
eutectic and carbides that are uniformly distributed along
the entire polished specimen in the form of individual
Card 2/8
34 F,-E

89676
S/129/61/000/002/oog/ol4
E073/E335
Cast Cobalt High-speed Steels
grains. With increasing cobalt content, the quantity of
the residual austenite increases in the steel after casting.
In the as-cast stateg the hardness values were as follows: with
0% Co HPtC 54; 5.6% Co - HRc 63-5i 12.5% Co - HRc 64;
16% co HRc 6o; 20.5% Co - HRC 52; 26.8% co - HRC 48.After cas-
ting into' chill moulds the plates for the cutting tools were
subjected to a treble tempering at 650 0C, with a holding
time of lhour. The measured hardness values (HRC) after
temperaing once, twice and three times were as follows
Temper- Cobalt contentg %
ings 0 5.6., 12.5 16 20.5 26.8
1 54 64.5 65 63 61-5 51-5
54 64.5 67 66 63-5 51-5
54 64.5 67 68 MO 51-5
Card 3/8

89676
S/129/61/000/002/009/014
E073/F.335
Cast Cobalt High-speed Steels
It can be seen that for the steels I and 6 the hardness did
not increase during the process of treble tempering. Absence
of a secondary hardness in heat 11 can be explained by the
insignificant quantity of residual austenite obtained as a
result of incomplete quenching of the steel. In the steel
from the heat 6. the absence of a secondary hardness is
apparently due to the high stability of tempering 0of the
residual austenite; additional tempering at 560 C brought
about a decomposition of the austenite in the case of heat 6.
After additional temperings, the hardness of the steel from
heat 1 was HRC 56 and therefore this steel cannot be recommended
for use in cutting tools without a full heat-treatment cycle
applied for forged high-speed steel. The stability in the
red-hot state of the tested steels is characterised by the
maximum temperature of four temperings, each lasting one hour
up to which the steel maintains a hardness not below HRC 60.
Individual specimens were tested for each of the heating.
temperatures. It was found that Co increases the stability
Card 4/8

89676
S/129/61/000/002/009/014
E073/E335
Cast Cobalt High-speed Steels
in the red-hot state of the cast steel. Machining tests were
made on lathe cutting tools using the method of longitudinal
turning. The plates of the experimental steels
(8 x 15 X 28 mm) were clamped'into a holder. The cutting
tools (Y = 120, (X =. 80 , tP = 450, (P I - 15 0,_ t = I mm) were
tested on a thread-cutting lathe on steel (9KhS) of
hardness HB 240 with a machining speed of 32 m/min, a depth
of cut of 2.5 mm and a feed of 0.5 mm per revolution without
using any coolant. Data on the service life are given in
Table 3. Blunting of the cutting tools occured without
chipping-off or flaking of the metal. Bending tests were
made on 4.5 x 4.5 mm, 52 mm long, specimens. The heat treat-
ment (except for heat No. 6) consisted of treble tempering
at 650 0C for 1 hour. Specimens from heat No. 6 were
subjected to bending tests after heat treatment, as shown
in Table 3. The bending strengths of the steels of the
heats 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were respectively 158, 2o6, 189,
2
163 and 126 kg/mm, The following conclusions were arxived at:
Card 5/8
V

89676
S/129/61/000/002/009/014
E073/E335
Cast Cobalt High-speed Steels
1) during the process of cooling of the castings in chill
moulds the steels from the heats 2-6 were quenched from the
highest possible temperatures. The structure of the investi-
gated steels was more fine-grained than the structure of steel
R18,, cast in chill moulds.
2) Heat treatment of the tools from the experimental cobalt
steels cast in chill moulds consists only of tempering.
3) If over 20% Co is introduced, dendritic structure can be
observed after casting. The Co increases the quantity of
residual austenite during quenching, the red-hardness and the
machining properties.
4) Tools from the tested steels containing 20% Co have a
satisfactory strength.
5) The author recommends manufacturing cutting tools.by
casting into chill moulds of steels containing about 1.5%, C,
20% Wt 5.5% Cr, 5% V and 16-20% Co. There are 1 figure,
3 tab1e.4*&ffd*'9 Soviet
Card 6/8

89676
S/129/61/000/oo2/oog/014
E073/E335
Cast Cobalt High-speed Steels
Table 3: Service Life of Cutting Tools Produced from the
Experimental Steels
Heat Heat-treatment of Plates Prior to Hardness Service Life,
No. the Tests HRC )i
R189 The one usual for this steel 63.5 100
f orged

2
Treble tempering at 0
560 C
for I hour each 65.0 520
3 Treble tempering at 0
560 C
for 1 hour eat6h 67.0 1010
4 Treble tempering at 0
560 C
for 1 hour each 68.o 1630
5 Treble temperingat 0
560 C
for 1 hour euch 70.0 241o
6 Tempering at 670 OC for 1 hour,
followed by double tempering at
560 0C for I hour each 66.o 2820
Card 7/8