SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT KAGAN, Y. - KAGAN, Y.

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• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
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• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 10, 2001
• Sequence Number: 20
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

YAWMR. S.D.; KAGAN, Tu.N.; PAUL'. V.1.
Determinatilon of plasm parameters by the double
Leneu-n.11, no.22:75-78 156.
(Blectric discharges through gases)
probe method. Test.
(KM 10:2)
(Blectrons)

KR C, R N, '~J, M -
SUBJECT USSR / PHYSICS CkRD I / 2 PA - 1304
AUTHOR XAGAN, JUX., PERELI, V.I.
TITLE On the Mobility and the Space Charge of Ions in an Inhomogeneous
Field.
PEnIODICAL Dokl.Akad Nauk, 1082 faso. 2, 222-225 (1956)
Issued: i / 195Z- reviewed: 9 / 1956
The most important interaction process of ions with atoms of the same gas Is
the pure charge exchange without any important modificthtion of the velocity of
the particles concerned. In some cases of practical interest the fields in the
layers are so strong that the average energy of the beat motion of atoms is
small against the energy taken by the ion on a free path. Therefore the atoms
may be considered to be at rest, and the product of the 6-functions of the ve-
locity components v xtvy'Vz may be taken as velocity distribution funetion, At
first, the kinetic equation is given for the case that the direction of the
field (E(z) is at every point identical with the positive direction of the
Z-axis. This kinetic equation is then transformed anti adapted to initial con-
ditions. The solution found is explieitly given and specialized for tile limit-
ing case of a constant field E - const.
Next, the expressions for the drive velocity and the concentration of the ions
for inhomogeneous fields are given. The usual opinion that the drive velocity
at a given point depends only on the field strength at thin point is correct
only if the modification of field strength along the free path is small its
against the field strength itself. In this case the expression for the drive

and
PEREL', V, 1.
"On the Limited Movement of lons in the 'Viell-Aty a:i' a Ball?, -,r
OU 1,
pp 69-71, 5 ref
Abst: The article exaj-,dnen a sounding balloon located irt a plasna
at such a low pressure that tt is possible to d1sregav(1. ccllistozriB ot'
charged particles with ato,-m of the ggm. It is ul~own thaL a limitation
of movement is possible under ordinary conditions If ~t Iz mnsu:zed tiiat
the potential cllanGes j;radually.
C,--ienL:Lfic Notes
SOURCE: Uclierxyye Zapiski Petrozavcdskogo Gas. Un-ta 0-
of the Petrozavodskiy State University), Volume 4, No. 4 -- physical-
Mathe,mtical Sciences, Petrozavodsk State Publis',-An,, 11 use (.1' Karel' -
i3l.a:~a, ASSR, 1957
sum 1854

AUTHORS: Kagan. Yu. M. and Perell, V. 1. 51-3-3/24
TITLE: On the motion of ions and the shape of their (spectral)
lines in a positive-discharge column. I. The directed
motion of ions in a low-pressure discharge. (0 dvizhenii
ionov i konture 1kh liniy v polozhi-tellriom stolbe
razryada. I. Napravlennoye dvizheniye ponov v razryade
nizkogo davleniya).
PERIODICAL 'Optika i Spektroskoviyall (Optics and Spectroscopy),
-303 (U.S.S.R.)
19 7, Vol.2, Fo-3, pp.298
ABSTRACT: Theoretical paper. It is usually assumed that ions move
in an infinite homogeneous medium under -the action of an
electric field constant in magnitude and direction. In a
real positive-discharge column, in addition to the applied
longitudinal field, there is also a transverse electric
field and ions escape towards the walls. This effect is
more pronounced at low pressures. It shows up in the pressurE
dependence of the displacement and the width of ionic emissior
lines when observed along the axis of the discharge tube.
A kinetic equation for the ionic motion is solved to find
the velocity distribution function of the positive ions in a
Card 1/3 cylindrical discharge tube. It is assumed that the ions ere
formed inside the tube and that they perish at the tube walls.
Collisions of the ions with atoms are jaeE-lected (t_'his is

51-~-3/24
On the motion of ions and the shape of their kspectral)
lines in a positive-discharge column. 1. The directed
motion of ions in a low-pressure discharge. (Cont.)
T = gas temperature, M = the ionic mass, k = Boltzmann'B
constaLat. For a discharge tube filled with mercury at
3 x 10 4 Hg pressure, with a qurrent of 0 3 A, 8 2 -2
z = 7 x ly sec-1, E = 0.1 V.cm-1, kT/M = 1.~ ix 10 cm sec
we have, for Hg+ ions, vz = 5 x 102 cm sec
_~7 8 2 _2
vz , 1.6 x 10 cm . sec
The shape of the ionic emission lines observed along the
tube axis is given in a diagram. It can be regarded as a
Maxwellian distribution with ionic drift velocity (2xj&cm_qac7l
Card 3/3 under the above conditions) superimposed on it.
There is one figure a-ad ten references, 6 of which &re Slavic.
SUBMITTED: September 17, 1956.
AVAILABLE:

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- - ~ I I , I ~ 1 - i , , . I 1 11 . , !, :1 1 11 ! I ! I 1 1 ~. !
, . . , I I il. .1

A i
KILGLN, Tu.M.
Probe measurements I& low pressure plasma [with ffwM&r7 In Maglight
P*15219 Vast, L4ze use 12 xo*4163-78 157. (KM io:4)
(IlectrIc discharges through ganes)

M, till t I.-A
N, jq, p,, q W,"

"702

AVMORSS 4ramav.kiy, T.L., IAkOy

Trmsl X.Prt an the $"..I Alll-ci.. Conferees. .. Ga.
Xlw%r.fti.m, Moe
1--c.
FMOCICAL, Radiotokhnikm I dlaktr*WLkA. 1959. Tax 4. wr 8.
VP 1358 (ussill
AWrRACT 3 The conference# a" *rg4al-d b3r the Ad-34-MSIt- the
VIAL.try at jUghor gd.c.tj.. ad M.-o. 3t.t. UAL.-.%ty.
'M-- sweat Am D.AA,ty DUrlag
f the a
.:
the 07%.". Operation of OL hrg.1 (a.. p 1306 of
%he jqAmAj).&.V. X"osp"aw - The Xat~e at a Btriat*4
positl'o c.lufte.
-ft. 7hecry of Prob" tar

ft.x. rAg_ t &I. - "he j%.jtj,. cloo,o or a Di.4harxe
% g&.- -
%
I -
". at the P-ea... or the
Intl
Annib.ilati.. *C %be X.g.tL,% I.- a. Their Cmaectr.ti.s
ta Lb. C.Ima..

---I, - -A.-^Z- S..ttrias.
MiD
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T%~L. Ul-sovich - -1-ray L"t hy ch"gad partial " Car
OacillatS." is Pla-mo (the L&mg-Lir
V"6d")m and OTb* Thoax4 of Saa-lisear PL~ Oaclllatio"u.
I.Q. X.kr-ftwvL.k 'D.padeace, at
A. Wi7s"r-alic ad. &I-- of A P.4s*
Dl"b-rg* - tka lltect.t at the 94.4tradmal.
.
AsA - efe-mattoft of Light
$"to - the Anode of . a.. Discharge (a- v 1301 of
She 44%ra.L).
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A- *a at simary xLxt~ws or I.-%
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W.6. Stpaoa~ Ad T.1 1~h-k* - -Z~m t%smoa,oaa
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V.G._j&S&gAQy "a V.B-Azs~j- - -The P-.,jbLIj&j or
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Tooper.sur.. 3y Mo." of Sparl, Dioakarg-

66702
2-KII20 soy/jo
ALMORSS Gr&b~-kiy, T.L., Luk~y.fto~, G-1- and
3irot..k.2 X.G.
T1TLRt Ii.-Port an the Soon.4 A.LI.Ui.n Confer.". a- Q--
Slectramic.
r9=0DICAL: Rdio%6khnlXA I sLoktrobika. 1959, Val 4, Ur 8.
vp mg - &353 jUSSR)
IJL-&A&--,JLXY -ad X.G. ..I.. net. , X-ray
ladL.tia. Doing pulse 0j..h.rS...
Jsk~fJirabrav_aad x.M,_3,ukoMk.y. dealt with the Investi-
9-tian of the ceuer- radiation &.
In abouber. with Coud ti.8 vell.. gin 41.0h.rg..
-f-A"or-Mor- at &I' !"'- ... t1S-t1-- Of the GAO 01.4horg.
in 0 COULO&I Cb"b.r'.
3-p!~0q9titit at 01. - 'A Turn of Via." in Transverse
l"AnOtLa ri*,d..
_!-_G~X&M&X2X_"D&ta on the Division of a C~athode 3pot
an NOrcurY In A Low-pressure Art* (a** p 1289 of the
Journal).
Cnaland) - "A No- Theory or the Cathode Spot-
It1w. C.L- I. . HydrOS.. Discharge
With Stationary and PU4. La.d.".
-;.G. 11skrashm!Ach an4 A"~JAbud - oCurrout DistrLbutloo, an
%h. 3mxf. . of 8loctra4.. I. Zl.ctri. Pulse Di..harg.s..
_AX~a w34aa. lpr*PGrtiN. Of C- 01dChArS*8 In Low-soLtago
1. 11.1ag" countorso.
I "tqzk und Y.L_GrAmxSkU - 'Cooparloon or tbV
;Mlalan Lou 1. the 1..t.pao or Itydrog" (H
ned D)-.
L.A. A3w_V-&A.Ra zommainicated &one results so the pro-broakdown
"t Palo" at I.. pr.o.ur.s.
-14
to
~.k of see. XmifurantLeft
On the wav~-Ilh. phomam... $.a j.-4Le.%ArS* pla-me.
24, drv~"~ dealt with Ib* probjen or the d*S%ro1moti*m
at Us. ea.F46 of Co. z I.- . .I.. dL..uargam.
oconvaction Im.to6ility or & vZoese, String".
Mt=-ad T-P_ Sh.fr-ow - 'Theory of ^ III&-
compor.tur* Pluans
TUa fifth soctLon, was presidad ower by X-A. la;rta" Lad
dealt w:th klghtroq~y currents in Sao**. The following
potporm are ramas
V.To.__$*jfi!Lt - olormation at Ultra-bx9b vr*q%mM4F pulse
11riehorse. I. Inesm (La.ma,.
Q.X. ftt._~.k - of the B.."ary C.MALAI- On
t"-parietfa-m &OW maintemence of miab-croquency VL*zhardeso.
_z_j_JhLULLA . .1. - -Zmv.o%Lg.%L*m at, . Self-int.l..4
iatra.blzb rr=my ruloo viecharge -4 the Pr".-- of
its
ona Q_j__3_LW_ - -Sne. *#.Ql%. of th.
Inw-tit tL.A &C it,* FarmatUn of
__; Dinzit-Sone.
-Caad.ctLvXty or V.Okly land..d
Co'diti". of T.-I.LLam Tran
DL..h-S. at At-.ph.rL. Pr ... . ....
mTU& r.latlomahlp between the Character-
Fr.q..=7 Crr-% -4 the Direct
QAX zrZx-_Tm-._wa*.
analysed the at tl-. 41514-
Pa--- &A ch* -Ind.-
tube.
3.M._LooejLkjy and t.P.__M-AW1r.LA dealt with the
PvIlo.bility of the Drab. method to hLAX-fr.quancy
discharge* toee p 1238 of the Jo~b^l)
Th. p.,.r b7 V. To. Hit-" at -I- was ;*...ad 'to th,
air the Itr-bjzh fr.9u.-Y pl-woo, bY
a'aaMe of the stork 4fract.
G.3. $*late :Lot-;I, , dO.It with 4h- P,.Ul&i& or oluCtrit
fields In V &b ...... jtsc:m_.% at 1~
J"n,L&c4Q_of Rumouls read a paper entitled 'ULCU-
tr.q.."y Discharges I
Th* ~rh -C th. .1AAh d.woted to the problee.
f plaawo and its r&dL&tLam; the sweiian 4&S Frgx'-:!=
by V.A. F.%rt%-,jt, Th. 1:POXI war. r..0
-Me F -t,Al '9~rob. ..,h... f FL__
?4.maur-Out- in
ASLaa=,C ad A.G.
..at Or plas" by M.'p. f He.. Spectrometer of
the T-tait Ti.0.
A.VR,,bc.. ."y - *ApplLc on
~7

AUTHOR. Kagar~, Yu. M. SOY/48-22-6--i6ln'-
.( IV6;
TITLM ~` ~~ mo p3Azm*,)
t e in a Plasma (0 dvizhenli iono-, v
PERIODICAL~- Iz-;e3tiya Akaaamii nauk SSSRp Seeva fl-riahaskaya, '958- Vol- 22,
Nr 6~ pp. 702-707 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: It is sa-d ir. the introduction that thiis problam. 13 of greaz im-
Pori;anoev but t'-At It haA hitherto not been possible to de*;e=ine
thi valocity distribution of the ions in the plasma, A spectro-
scopic method was worked out (Refs 1-5) for the pArpose of in-
reatigating tht course of the 14mces of iona of a diacharge tube
az we,11 as for the inrestigation of ion trawi ai3placemnts along
the discharge axin, The ooo-arrence of o. Dopj~le-r effect makes It
poasibiq to cbtaln da-ta cor~oeming the velooity of ion drifts,
-he disvzib-ation of icon energy, and alilic, concerning the "teurper-
a-7-ir-t" of 4-ona. In order to obtain the nectselt ad-itions of
ry co
diachargAs in the case of inert psen (0,1-3 torr anA up to
5% A =-1 aarrent dirzity) , a di.scharp tubt iphii~h is narrowed in
the middle was usei in thin case, Diag;rnms snow the atrpendence of
ion drift Teloc-Ity on preasure in the case of' differvnt ampemgetj
Car,! 1/1 of tiat discharge crixTqn+, 1y. argon, kryptons amd xenon. Two furth,!r

Or the Uo'lion of Iora in a plaima
SOY/48-22,-6-16/28
dix~grarm illustrate the depirs3enov of the utmperature." of .,he
ion. gas T on preseure adong the ',-.ube mad t1mi depeadmie of mun
'I t,=pemRre" T and thi -temperattire* of ion pL-~ T* on pressum
in tla-ii cross seotiar, of the tik. -.~. Furft,-;s:-- rtitearch. wo,..Ac in -ftds
ft-)13 ms car-iea o~A vrth tna dindharp 47,;:t-e t1h1c1 was widened
vp tc, 4 - d 0 1,,~ L'415 n
im, th-~ mi Aor-.- prob,~u vir,- f te ed V solaering.
In thi i way it, wum pon3lblt- -.o m~mure crr,:mvrrr%-ri0n of the
~11 F) Nla &YJ vile k-mpe.,:fttur-? M;9 of ~,hf~ gaz (Ref 8).
Th~ depenltnae of 11. an.] Te on th-9 ampump i-.Nf -.*aa dis,~harga at
6L -~ressu-r-i of p to:~-- with -:L-upect lo anor, in heri shown
by ~. d--A'agram, Two f---rih-jr diagrams th-3 Points
of -.hs- drif c Treloo~.ty for -n!or,. and arZon. ionk in 1heir
Own. gas az well &-s in kryp)~ou and xemon- In :xmaluil.or. It ia
poirtei uat Thai ',.t haA mlliher,%) b-,en posa:!~-Iet to g"-e only a
qua.Utat-i-re expla:ndpdor. of the date, al-.LOn,41 for inteYft-.0mq!tri3
mea,,)urements~ cpantitative oomparlson !.;i , tomvir- -s-till im-
possiblt because of the effa-,+ proau.--~,!l by dvi rareff-'cution of
Card 2/3 gas d-.;ring interfermetric, meas-urment a-s well a8 becamse of the

AU-2iiOiC~:
11B id OD I CAL:
ABiST.d&CT.
Card 1/5
Yj-1- I and Pe j.-O 1 V. I
Y-an, -,"U. U1.
On the Motion of Ions and t-he -hatlpe of lojiic Lin,~--:-
i 11".) - J.
..n the Positive CoDimp. of .-i Discha-!~ II. Rad;al
Motion of Ions in a Low-Pressuro
(0 dvizhenii ionov i konture liriiy ii~ncv v pclozLit
ellnom stolbe razryada. II. Radiallii:)ye d-rizheniye
ionov v razryade nizkoEo davleniya.)
Optilm i Spektroskopiya, 1958, Vol. IT, TIrr . I
pp- 3-8. (USSI:i)
In Fart I (Ref.1) the authors solved the k-ir-et-,,.-
equation for a distributien function for ions in a
cylindrical low--pr4a~ss-uru dischari-3 tube, takinf~ into
account both the lon,,,,itudinal and traasvorse fields,
volume ionization and loss of iori--: at the v:aIlS,. The
present paper deals with x-adial -mcticr, of ions -,nd
vrith calculation of the effective teT,*Tcra'.,-,iT,E- for
motion of ions across the tibe. Ati. a~lf,,rc,--.Jnate

1. i i,!1 i I fl `1 1 1 lilt
4 - -1 126
On the fillotion of Ions and tli,.~ bhapu of' loni.3 Lino.-, in Wie
Positive Column of a DischarL;e. II.
is described and used for detei7Linotio-n of `,-h,~ --adial
part of the velocity distribution fuaictlon of 'ji-o-no, in
the positive column of a low.-pre s sure di~,(:Iialrre. it
wa-- assui,,ied th.-It, It IOW PrO2.'jill'Of; 'rwlial part of
the distribution furic~tion does no~.- dr:.,nend on the
lonGitudinal field. B5, rii,~nns, of thi:7, approximate
method, velocity of the drift of ionS and -the
effective ionic temucrattii:o were foT_uid. as ftnictions
of distance from the di,:,cha.rbe---;i:ubQ ax_-s~ An
expression for the 1-ffective teuperat-ure was found. in
terms of the shape of ionic linos ob~-.ei-ved across the
tube. The observed shape )'L ionic lines, (urrider
Doppler conditions) depond.,_- es,-.-,,:;.,ntial1y on t1ne nature
Card 2/5 and lifetime of the excited ionit, state. Tl,,:-,r-3 are

51- " -1-1/26
On the Lotion of Ions and the .','hapo of Ionic Lines- in the
Positive Column of a Discharge. II.
two simple cases: (1) Formation of excited ions, in
atom-electron collisions, and instantaneous radiation.
Li this case the shape of ionic lines does not differ
from that of atomic lines. (2) Forniation of excited
ions occurs in ion-electron collisions, and radiation
is instantaneous. In this case -the shape of ionic
lines will be determined by the velocity distribution
function for ions, and this, dic.,tribution r-an be
obtained from spectroscopic observations. In case
(2) the ionic line shape observed across the tube
Ehould be stronGly broadened, compan)d with the atmi.,,
line shapes. Such a broadenino, mas observed in
Card 3/5 ar-on (Ref-3), but not at low pressures. No low-
0

_,~l -As--l-1/26
On the Motion of Ions and the Shape of Ionic Lines in the
Positive Column of a Discharge. II.
pressure experimental data seeines to oxi-st. The
results obtained in this paper, wlrinC the approxiimte
method, could also, in principle, be obtained from
the General expressions of Ref.l. T'he authors show
t'-aat for (A) the distribution of potential across
the tube, (B) the radial velocity distribution of
ions, and (C) the mean and mean square values of the
i-adial velocity of ion--, the approximate method E;ives
results which are very close to those Given by the
exact theory. The approxiriate nlethod, besides being
simpler to apply, has the adva.-ita,~e that it can be
generalized to the case of hi0i pressures. --.L'Iie
Card 4/5 2resent paper is entirely theoretical. 10'0 re is

51- 4 -1-1126
On the 1.10tion of Ions and the Shape of Ionic Linos in the
Positive Column of a Discharge. II.
1 fiG-ure, 1 table, and 3 references, 2 of which are
Rassian and 1 American.
ASSOCIATION: Leningrad Institute of Precision blechanics and
Optics. (Leningradskiy instit-ut tochnoy mekhaniki
i optiki.)
SUBLITTED: March 5, 1957.
AVAIIABLE: Library of Congress.
1. Ions-Motion
Card 5/5

7_1
AUT1101W Ka6an, Yu.M. and Perel', . V.I.
MU: on, ~11e' blotion. of IGnt3 and the Shape of the-ir Lines
in a Positive DischarL;e Column. III,, A Directed
Motion of Ions in a Dischari!;e -Lt an Arbitrary Pressure,.
(0 dvizhenii icriov i konture ikh liniy it polozhit-
ellnom, stolte razi-jada.)
R;RIODICAL: Optika i Spektroskopiya,. 1958, Vol.111, Nr.3,
pp.285-288 (USSR),
ABSTRA-CT: In the preceding papers (Refs.l.-2) tile autho:!s con-
sidered motion of ions in a positive column of a
low-pressure discharj~e, taking into account longitudinal
and transverse fields, bulk ionization and loss of ions
at the walls. The present paper deals with directed
motion of ions near, 4-he ayiss of' a cylindrical discharge
tube viorkine, at an arbitrary presuur(,~ The method
of dcaling with the problea is tiie s,:ux- as that in
lief 2 Tile authors obtain ar- e:qor4cs4on for the
velocity of direoted uotion of Ions ' From the
expression the prcjection of thc, -j,.~locJt-y on the
discharUe-tubv axis v Can bf-', foinld, For low
Card 113 pressures the avoraL;e ktille, oil., ir 2: vin-4.211 ~"0110".1s,

5'
pe of their Lines i~r_ a Positive
On the Motion of Ions and the Shap
Discharge Column, III.
froia the expression obtained i-a tLis paper is given
lie
by 7r z = a/z, where- a is the C celerati on of ions
in the longitudinal constant clectri-,~ field, and z
is the number of ionizations per unit tirae. The
exact value of V fo'r low pressures obtained in
Ref.1-2 is given ~y 71Z = 0.69 a/z. For high
pressiu,es the expression obtained in -the present
paper yie Ids the value Vz = 3,'~~. ah/16u,., . where
1.12 = WIM, T -is the ga3 temperature, TA is the ionic
0
mass, and ~ is the mean free path of the ion.
Because of lack of experimental data quantitative
comparison of theory with experiment is not possible.
The authors point ouu Lhut the resu 'Its obtained in
the present paper hold only ne~ij~ tj.,e discharCie-tube
axis. In the approximate deducLio:a of these results
terms containing sqiam,,s and hirjher powers of the
Card 215 acceleration a viere included,, 11~ was assumed that

~", !.-- 4 -`~-1/30
On tile raction of Ions w-id the LrAiav) of their Line~,, in a Positive
DischarGe Column. III.,
either tile lonUitudinal field was small or that
1/Z -::~ X/U, at any value of the longitudinal field.
The paper is entiivly thecoretical. Theia are 6 Soviet
references.
ASSOCIATION: Institute cf Precision Ylechani(~,,; ani-I Optics.
(Institut tocimoy iiekhaniki i optiki.)
SUBUITTED: July 11, 195?.
1. Tons---Yoticn
Card 3/3

AUTHORS: Vagner, S.D. , Kagan, Yu. It. , Romanova i, Ye. V.
TITLE: The Influence of a Magnetic Field Upon a High
Frequency Discharge (Vli~aniye zragnitnogo polys. ra
vy.gokochastotnyy ra
PERIODICAL: Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta,Serip- fjz'j,"
khimlfr' - - 195B, Vol. 1 Q Nr 2 , pp. 15-17 (ESR
ABSTRACT: For the determination of the plasma parrunoters of a highfrequ~-Icy
discharge the two-probe method (Refs 1,2,3) ras developed. Thij
improved method was employed by the authors for meazuring the
plasma parameters of a highfrequency disalmrge in a wealc
field. The dependence of the temperature of the electron gas T,.
and of the concentration of the charged vLrticles n on the c-.iri-ert
in the solenoid is shown (table 1). Te a~ii n are average quan-A-
ties obtained from a number of measur~n*n-ls and agrese Aell vitri
each other. The T values Ytere determined by the methods d"crlb~--"
in former papers CRefs 1 .2). The re3U.ItS obtained by the tvx)
methods are, pmctioall~y, in agreement. The second method auike!;
it possible to judge the presence of a Nla:xwell electron M.'stri.
Card 1/2 bution according to velocitleA. The cKnmoteris tics worked olat

The Influence of , a Magnetic Field Upon 54 -10 - 2-,V 1
a High Frequency Discharge
by this method showed that in the plasm a hl;~-,hfrequenqy diri-
charge the electrons retain Max-,,ell'3 vale ity d1stribution :A.-io
in the presence of a weak magnetic field ?k . Ft may be seen f rorr, Vne,
table that the temperature of the electrion gar r, r3rons a littlf.
with an amplification of the magnetic field, Tbe`con,:~entralicn of
the charged particles on the tube axis increasea --th nrqp1]ifica,-
tion of the magnetic field from 0-50 ~'tnted by abo"I'--t 12 jiz
Am unt. As already mentioned, the tot.ii~urat,%ire milties of tht e2f!.--
tron gas obtained by means of tAw L--.%--nro1)v method are d~'t.ermirlej
by the distribution of the groupti according -to r~:-
locities. This distribution n,. J int -V-ret! A.tf-. t-aat of core
inert electrons, which are dca!L ,ith by Larigpuir's probe xcth~)d-
There are I figure, I table, aiv'l of which are
Soviet.
SOLITTED: July 7, 1956
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 2/2 1. High frequency disoharges--.Magnetio factors

AUTHORSi Kagan, Yu. M., Peroll, V. 1. 56-1-19/56
TITLEj On the Motion of Ions in a Mixture of Isotopes (0 dvizhonii
ionov v smesi izotopov).
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal Eksperimental 'noy i Teoretioheskoy Fiziki, 1958,
Vol. 34, Nr 1, pp. 126-128 (USSR).
ABSTRACTi The present paper determines expressions for the drift veloo-
ity of the ions of isotopes in an isotope mixture..k pure
charge exchange is considered to constitute the basic problem
of the interaction of ions with stoma. In connection with the
problem of isotope separation in a d.o.-discharge, the question
of the mobility of an ion in an isotope mixture is of growing
interest. Blank's law for the mobility of ions in a mixture
does not hold in this case because of the possibility of a
change in charge between an ion of one isotope and an atom
of another isotope. Here a mixture of two isotopes with con-;
centrations 11, and N2 of the neutral atoms is assumed. The
concentrations of the ions are said to be N, end, N2 and their
distribution functions with respect to Yelocity are denoted
by fl(v) and f2(v). The influence of the ions on the distri-
Card 1/3 bution function of the atoms with respect to the velocity

On the Motion of Ion3 in a Mixture of Isotopes. 505-1-191J6,
consideration the collisions of the ions of the isotopes
with the particles of the third oomponant. In the case of
strong fields an aocurate result is obtained for the drift
velocities. There are 3 references, 2 of which are Slavic.
ASSOCIATIONt 'Ien!mared Iwtitzte far PmaLsion %ebanies and j0ptics
(Leningradskiy institut tochnoy mekhaniki i optiki).
SUBMITTEDt July 12, 1957
AVAIUBLEt Library of Congress
Card 3/3

On Some Characteristics of the Positive Diuchargc SoV/54-59-3-a/21
Column at Low Projoures and High Discharge Current Donuitic.,j
on the axis and the wallo of the tube, the longitudinal field
E, and the number of ionizations, per electron for -unit of time
z were dotorminad. Figure, 1-4 ohow the ourvoij of the depanilence
0 j
T and n on the amparaC;o of tho diocharl-o currunt. Tho course
e a
of these curves on the axis and the valln of -the tube is
different. The minimum occurring in theSe curves is considerably
weaker on the walls. Conoontration n e increases monotonously
with increaoing amporage. With risinG prevoura T decreases on
U e
the walls, and the concentration i=.reasaii at all amperagen.
A complicated relation is observed on the axin. The temperature
has a minimum at a certain proseure for all aiaperages,only at
very small amperages it decreases monotonously with rising
pressure. At certain pressures n ehas a naximum on the axis.
The mentioned processes are explained by a dilution of the gas
duriag the discharge occurring in the central part of the
positive column. Thia is in agreement zith the observations
made by ShWchtin. Table 1 shovis the values ccnp,ited for z and
Card 2/3

On Some Characteristics of the Posit'~vc Discharge SOV/54-59-3-3/21
Column at Low Pressures and High Discharge Cuirert Densitica
the value measured for E. From the me%--aremenb of the Doppler
shift toward and opposite to the direction of the field the
directed velocity of the ions was computod, Table 2 shows the
values of A and -v z . Car-~,-e v, versus titeat: pressure has a
maximum. In conclusion, the author3 thank Professor F. B. Prish,
Corresponding Member of the AS USS111, for the interest he showed
in the work. There are 4 figures, 2 tables, and 9 Soviet
references.
SUBMITTED: April 15, 1959
Card 3/3

24M
AUT11ORSt Kagant Yu, M., Pere I V. I. SOV/54-59-3-9/21
TITLE: 011 the Influence of the Finite Life on the Contour of the
Ion Lines of the Positive Discharge Column
PERIODICAL: Vestnik Leningradskogo universiteta. Seriya fiziki i khimii,
1959, Nr 3, pp 49-50 (USSR)
A13STRACT: The finite-life of the excited state of an io-n may cause a line
shift if the ion in an excited state in the electric field
assumes a velocity comparable to thermal velocity. In the
present paper the problem of the line contour is dealt with
under c9nditione which make it necessary to take the finite life
of the excited ion state into account. The authors proceed from
the distribution function of the particle velocity
). If a particle radiates after the time t after
f(v
'V
'V
xo
zo
70
eE
excitation, it attains the velocity v 7 +
t during
B zo m
v
this period. An expression for F(V
v is found (1) for the
X
y
distribution function of the velocity of radiating particles
which in Its nontour coincides with the observe-d line contour.
Card 1/2

On the Influence of the Finite Life on the Ccntour Sr-N/54-50-3-91121
of the Ion Lines of the Positive Discharge Column
The expression 7' - 7- + 't P-E (2) ia obtnined for the moan
z zo m
velocity in the field direction by partial integration and in.
similar way, the mean square valocity in the field direction:
V2 v2p(vxvy,.Z)dv &, dv + 27-ICIL + 2(TIL )2
z .4 x Y
z z z M M
0
It' denotes the mean 1.1fe of the excited atate. The formulas
1-3 cannot be used if the duration of the excited state is
longer than the period tetwoon the collisions of excited ions
and atoms. In this case the collis'.ontmmst be taken into
account, howeverg formula (2) may be uzed for a rough
calculation, and the time between the collisions may be
substituted for 'V . In a vertical field action v becomes
0
equal to zero in the formulas. The line shift is then brought
Card. 2/2 about by the finite life of the excited state.

Z.,Um,-,RrrIA, V.1.1.; KAG""11, yugm.
Some positive column charactPrIstics of a gat discharge at low
presnurps and Inigh discharge current dannitima. Vest.LGU 14
no.16:44-48 159. (HIILA 12:10)
(Electric discharges through gaeas)

2,40) SOV/48-23-8-14/25
AUTHORS: Zakharova, V. M., Kagan, Yu. M., Pei-ell, V. I.
TITLE: The Positive Column of Discharge in the Diffusion Procedure
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR. Seriya fizicheskaya, 1959,
Vol 23, Nr 8, PP 999-1003 (USSR)
ABSTRACTs In the introduction of the present paper some older articles
of non-Russian scientists on the positive discharge calumn at
low pressures are mentioned in addition to articles published
by B. N. Klyarfelld. An equation for the balance of electrons
and ions (1) introduced by L. Frost is given, This article in-
tends to obtain some relations by Frost's theory for a compari-
son with experiments, and to apply the comparison to the posi-
tive column of Hg, Ar, and K. In the first part, the drift
velocity (2) is given by Frost's approximation, besides the
approximation for potential distribution and concentration W-
By means of the latter the balance equation (7), a formula for
the number of ions per unit of length of the column, and a
formula for the ion current density (9) are developed. In the
second part, experiments of Langmuir and Tonks (Ref 2) are
Card 1/2 referred to, and the equations (11) for the plasma boundaries

SOV/48-23-8-14/25
The Positive Column of Discharge in the Diffusion Procedure
are given. Formulas (12) deliver the drift velocity and ionic
concentration near the plasma boundary, equation (13) given
the average velocity of tons. An approximate formula (16) is
given for calculating the thickness of the layer. Equation (17)
supplies the potential difference between axio and wall of the
tube. In the third part, the calculated results are compared
to experimental results. The temperature of the electron gas
was determined by means of a search e1mctrode, the electron
density was found by formula (18). The chargoa measured in
Hg-, Ar-, and X-vapor are summarized in the diagrams of
figures 1 to 3, and it was found that there iii good agreement
with theoretical values as long as diffusion procedure may be
assumed. There are 3 figures and 13 referencea 5 of which are
Soviet.
Card 2/2

Tl
off
gill j...?
' ';PS
is
r, A
r z
MIEE
fig
tin 5 21!
~i -P:i I
------------ - --------

5/057/60/030/04/()7/009
B004/BOO2
AUTHORS% Zakharova, V. M.9 Kagan,-Tu. M., Muatafipj_K..,S-, Perell,
TITLEi Probe Measuring Under Middle Pressures
PERIODICALt Zhurnal tekhnicheskoy fisikig 1960g Vol. 509 Ko- 49
pp. 442-449
TEXTt It was the purpose of the present paper to investigate the
applicability pf the Langmuir probe for measuring the characteristic
plasma valueslat pressures higher than 1 torr. The authors derived
equations (4), (5 for the ion currents directed upon spherical and
cylindrical probes with strong negative charges, and their current
densities (equations B-10). Furthermore, *qua ti on (11) is given for the
plasma potential V . The following method of measuring the characteristic
plasma values is suoggested2 a) the electron temperstvre Tg Is determined
by meals of the two-probe method given in Ref * b) the electron con-
centrations-0 tion!'('4)p (5) md by appi
,are determined by means of equa a Y_
ing the electron section of the characteristics. The effeetive cross
Card 1/3

Probe Measuring Under M--ddle Pressures 3/057/60/030/04/07/009
B0041 ,002
sections of the ion overcharge, gas temperature, and i:oncentration of the
normal atoms must be known for the determination of the lowconcentra.-
tion noo . The theoretical calculations are experiment(L11Y proven in Og
vapor at 10 -1 to 1 torr. Table 1 shows that the valueti noo of spherical
and oylindrical probes are in good agreement with caloulattons. Further.
mcre, plasma measurements were carried out in noon and argon at I to
20 torr,50,200, and 400 ma, and in Rg at 10 torr, 0.5t I-Ot 1-59 and
2.0 a. Table 2 gives the field voltage* of Be rd Ar, Table 3 the values
of T , Table 4 the density of the ion currentjand Table 5 the values
e
of noD. The T 6 values were taken according to Ref. 14 and measurements
by 0. P. Boohkova. The dependence of tho electron conaentre.tion dietri-
bution on pressure in the case of lie and Ar, is given in Figs. I and 2.
These Figs. show that a pressure increase is accompanied by a compres-
sion along the axis, and differs for Be and Ar. The column contraction
observed, and the difference between calculated and measured wall cur-
rent related thereto, indicate that the Schottky theory no longer holds
true for the pressures applied. The authors finally investigate the
11B
Card 2/3

Probe Measuring Under Middle Pressures S/05't/60/030/04/07/009
B004/DOO2
possible effect of electron- and photon emission on the result of their
method, and prove this effect to be very low. They mention a paper by
N. P. Penkin, and thank Professor S. E. Frish for the interest he took
in this paper. There are 2 figures, 5 tables, and 16 referencess
10 Soviet, 3 American, I British, and I Japanese.
ASSOCIATION: Leningradakiy gosudarstvennyy universitot im. A. A.
Zhdanova (Leningrad State University imeni A. A. Zhdanov)
SUBMITTED: 1july 16, 1959
Card 3/3

S/057/60/050/008/010/019
B019/B060
AUTHORSi Kagan, Yu. M., Mustafin, K. S.
TITLE: The Velocity Distribution Function of Electrons in a
Positive Discharge Column of Mean Pressure
PERIODICALi Zhurnal tekhnicheskoy fitiki, 1960, Vol, 30, Ko. 8,
pp. 938 - 947
TEXTt With reference to papers by Smit, Druyvesteyii, and V. Ye. Golant,
the authors devote the first three sections of the presen.~ article to
deriving the velocity distribution functions of electronsVin the positive
columns in neon, argon, and mercury under consideration of elastic And
inelastic impacts. They obtain formulas (8), (20), and (26), and ?Ascusa
them. The fourth section deals with the shapes of distribution functions,
and in Tables 1, 2, and 3 the measured temperatures of ele,:,tron gr.a are
compared with those obtained by calculation. Moreover, the measurLd axial
electron concentrations are compared with those calculated in Tabled.; 4,
5, and 6. In the discussion of results in the final part, reference is
made to the satisfactory agreement achieved in the first three tables, and
Card 1/2 -1~9

The Velocity Distribution Function of Electrons S/C)57/60/030/008/010/019
in a Positive Discharge Column of Mean Pressure BO*19/BO60
it is stated that the nonelastic collisions must be considered at
pressures below 1 torr. It is further shown that while thore is an inter-
action between the electrons, it exerts little influence on the
calculation of the electron gas temperature and of the oriented velocity.
This influence is discussed. The authors finally thank V. Ye. Golant and
V. I. Perell for thE-ir discussion of results. There are I figure,
6 tables, and 8 references: 6 Soviet and 2 American.
ASSOCIATION: Leningradskiy gosudarstvennyy universititt im,. A. k. Zhdanova
_(Leningrad State University im,, A. A. ZhdanoT)
SUBMITTEDi February 15, 1960
Card 212

XAGAN, TV, .' ."
07clotron resonance In germanium and silicon and the roll of
negative efiective masses. Zhur.ekspA teor,fiz. 38 no.6:
1854-1865 Je 160, (MIRA 13:7)
(Germanium)
W1100n)
(Cyclotron zboomwom)

ZAIMAROVA, V.M.; KAGAN, Yu.M.-
Spectroscopic determination of ion mobility in a mixture of
inert gases. Opt. i spektr. 10 no.4t547-549 Ap 161. (IURA 24:3)
(Ions-44igration and velocity)

S/051/61/011/003/002/003
E032/r.314
AUTHORS: Kagan, Yii.M. and Koretskiy, Ya.P.
- - ---------
TITLE: A Direct blethod for Measuring the Mean Half-life
of Excited States of Ions
PERIODICAL: Optika i spektroskopiya, 1961, Vol. 11, No. 3,
pp. 308 - 311
TEXT: In this method, an electron beam is used to ionise
and excite gas molecules so that ioAs in excited states are
produced. If the gas pressure is such that the half-life of
the excited ion is smaller than the average time between
collisions of the ion with the gas atoms,and if there is a
constant electric field in the region where the ions are
produced, then the excited ions will have a preferred direction
of motion.. By measuring this velocity one can determine the
average'half-life of the-excited ions. The relation between
the ion drift velocity v . and the half-life in the excited
state is (Ref. 41 Yu.Kagan, V.Perell. Vestn. LGU,No.16,49,1959)
v e E
2
Card 1/4 M

ijll'T~
A Direct Method for ....
2-66 4 1
s/on/ft/oll/003/002/003
E03 2/4-:13 14
'where e and M ALre-'-.the charge and mass of the ion and
E is the electric field. The average drif.t velocity v 2 can
be measured'from the Doppler shift of the ion line, i.e.
v 2 eE
6% = ~. = %- -
L-
c Me
(2)
In the present work,the authors have used the apparatus shown
schematically in Fig. 1. The source of electrons was in the
form of the tungsten cathode K , which was a
spiral 1.4 cm long and 0-5 cm in diameter. The wire diameter
was 0.25 mm and the heating current 5 A. The positive
extracting electrode A I was at a distance of.2 mm from the
cathode. The second positive electrode A 2 was at a distance
of 2 mm from Al . The apertures in A I and A 2 were
rectangular (0.4 x 1 cm 2). The collector A and the anode A
Card 2/4 1 3 .2

V1.1 14 Wip !I
jGG'+j
S/ 05 l/ 6 1/011/ 003/002/ 003
A Direct Method for ro32/r,.3.l4
%,rare at some potential. Ions produced as a result of
collisions between the electrons and the atoms experienced the
field between the grids C. and C2 (0.5 mm inesh). The
potential between A2 and K was about 250 V and the electron
current through the Sun was about 5 mA. The field stren3th
between C 1 and C 2 was 120 V/cm. The tube was filled with
spectroscopically pure helium at a pressure of 3 x 10- 2mm HS).
The line He II X ::e 4686 ik was investigated with the aid of
a glass two-prism spectrograph. A Fabry-Perrot etalon was
placed between the collimator and the prisms (spacing 5 and
10 mm). The small Doppler shifts were measured by the method
described by Frish and J~agan (Ref. 5 - Zh11.TF, 17, 577, 1947)-
Half-lives between 0.7 x 10-9 an&l.l X 10-9 i;ec were obtained.
These are in agreement with quantum-mechanical estimates.
Card 3/4

S/051/61/ou./m/oWoo.
A Direct ~Iethod for .... B032/r,314
Thert- are 5.figures.and 6 references: 5 Soviet and
I non-Soviet. The English-language reference quoted is:
Ref, L. 1.1axweil Phys. Rev. 38, 1664, 1931.
October 19, 1960
_~
Aj
F
C", C,
Al
F
4/4

3/656.61/041/003/011/020
00 9)
AUTHORS: Kagan, Yu., Maksimov, L.
TITLE: Transfer phenomena in a paramagnetic gas
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal ekeperimentallnoy I teoreticheakoy flziki, Y. 41,
no. 3(9), 1961, 842-852
TEXT: Based on a study of the kinetic equation for molecules with
rotational degrees of freedom, a theory for the transfer phenomena in a
paramagnetic neutral gas, which is located in a magnetic field, has been
developed. With the help of this theory it is poosible to derive all
fundamental rules. The Dresent study is limited to linear, diatomic
molecules at temperatures, where the rotational motion can be treated with
classical mechanics and where no vibrational degrees of freedom have been
excited. For such a case, the kinetic equation readm as follova:
8f 'Vf + a (f raf-l (2.1).
Rt + v la M) - Irt lot
M - [-AH-1 (2.2), where 1~1 denotes the magnet'ic'moment of the molecule. The
Card 1/6

28758 9/056/61/oill/003/011/020
Transfer phenomena in a paramagnetic gas B125/BI02
magnetic moment is obtained as a mean value of the undistmrbed state of the
-, x
A it , 1 (2 40 denotes the Bobr
molecule: Y 1 -3), where 7 - Aog/l~ (2-4).
magnston, g the gyromagnetic ratio, and 9 the total momentum of the
molecule. For the molecules considered the energy of the interaction
between spin and axis (for sufficiently high temperatures) is small with
respect to the rotational energy. Then, for M:;Of% the folloving relation
holds: IZ2g 00/M (2-5) with a --St -8+1, ..., S. 3 denoter the spIn of
the molecule. The kinetic equation (2.1) furnishes, in first approximationt
f - f (0) [1 +~j (2.8), and maintaining the first non-vanishing terms,
--0uvInT+ m IIjUA--Y6Ik'II')x
2kT (
X 'Vok + allot _ 2 61A, 'vat + (mul2O~Voj
Jill- -'YX-A -F -ax-I Wr- - ---g- -w-)-xi-I -
+ y [MHj " f(0) = J,,T (X),
W
1(0) I(D) xt) W
Card 2/6

21758 S/056/61/,041/003/011/020
Transfer phenomena in a paramagnetic gas B125/B102
is obtained. In general, the collision probability W is unknown. For a
small non-sphericity the following relation holds approxicately;
wdr,*dr,' . tvgdo, (2.14)
zV X [P, (Cosgm) + P2 (COs JFMJ) + P2 (COs P3 (C(*
91M 011)],
where g and denote the relative velocities before and after a
collision, do the differential elastic scattering cross section, neglecting
the non-spheridity. P 2 represents a Legendre polynomial. The thermal
conductivity tensor for the general case is given by:
(5 =1010 I -1C01 1 T(O)
Y. = k (2 kT/m) T T ), T- ~-S
1k 4 ki ki + 1
When limiting oneself to the terms with p .1 and q4-2, the kinetic
2 2
i 'HIjax va H.i
equation -uj(u +M 7/2)f(0) +yf(O)l 9t k,) will have the.
approximate solution
Card 3/6

287.58 S/051;/61/041/003/011/020
Transfer phenomena in a paramagnetic gas B125/B102
T441 + Tt,'.Jl,, + T,'Ar.q"klrnp (3.5). K
V'! 11'k (it, 1/2), Vk=UA (MI 7 1), M'), (3.6
T' = T1010. T2 = 7-LOOt, V - T"10. (3.7)-
The coefficients of (3-5) are given in a mathematical appendix. The therml
conductivity of a paramagnetic gas located in a magnetic field becomes
anisotropic, i.e. , the thermal conductivity %ill depend on the orientation
of the magnetic.,field with respect to the temperature gradient. If the
angles between H and VT are different from 00 or 900, then the heat flux
will have a component normal to the temperature gradient. The Senftleben
effect is completely determined by the following expressions:
Y,+11h (ijbik + c',HIHAIHI) Xs, (3.24)
3q' (3 + 4ijil (7 4- 47M
C, 0 + no) 0 + 411) T + TP) -(r
Card 416

28758 3/056/61/Oill*/003/011/020
Transfer phenomena in a paramagnetic gas B125/0102
I H 11
AXIAt - XIk (XiO11-0 = HOE,-;-+-T ~ ~C"b,, + c,,"* (3.26)
and
(A")' A"
IP 1 .1' 5 (3.271
;VU ~-Ba 3 A" A'
At a fixed temperature, the Senftleben effect is only a function of the
ratio H/p; this agrees with basic experimental results. The temperature
dependence is closely related to the shape of the scattering cross
section of molecules. For the change of the thermal conduotivity
coefficient, and any values of 1, the following holds:
AxJ_1Ko