SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT IVANOV, K.I. - IVANOV, K.N.
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December 31, 1967
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SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT
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On some special features of action of inhibitors on the kdne-
ties of auto-oxidation of hydrocarbons. (Cont.) 65-4-3/12
features of inhibitors of I, II and III groups, observed under
oxidising conditions, as in TOCT '381-52, are independent from
the concentration of these substances, of the method of calcul-
ating the 4ree of oxidation of the oil (acid number or -the
amount of absorbed oxygen) and the presence of metals (iron and
copper) in the reaction zone. The influence of 25 organic
compounds (containing amine, phenolic groups and sulphide sul-
phur) which were known as inhibitors and their classificationg
based on the differences in their action on the individual
stage of the oxidation p-rocess are given. (Table 3). The res-
ults obtained can be used not only for stabilisation of fresh
Card 2/2 oils, but also oils already in operation. There are 3 tables,
10 figures and 6 references, including 5 Slavic.
ASSOCIATION: Thermo-technical Institute (Teplotekhnicheskiy Institut)
AVAILABLE:
AUTHORS: Ivanov, K.I. and Mlkhellson, A.Ya. 65-10-7/13
TITLE: The Influence of the Degree of Purification of Power*Oils
on Their Ability to Form Water Soluble Acids in the Initial
Stages of Ageing (Vliyaniye glutiny ochistki energeticheskikh
masel na sposobnost' ikh obrazovyvat' vodorastvorimyW
kisloty v nachale stareniya)
PERIODICAL: Xhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliva i Masel, 1957, Vo-10,
PP. 34 -~41 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: An investigation of the dependence of the ability of
transfo rmer and turbine oils to form water soluble acids in
the initial stages of ageing on the degree of -their refining
with sulphuric acid was carried out. Properties of oils taken
from the investigation are given in Table 1. Oils were
successively treated with 93-55' sulphuric acid in 3% portions
neutralised with 3% NaOH, and washed and dried. Thus from
each distillate, samples were obtained of a diferent degree
of purification. All samples were tested for stability accor-
ding to MCT 981-55 (results: Figs. 1-4, Table 2). It was
established that all investigated distillates and oils prepared
from them form, in the initial stages of ageing,.volatile and
non-volatile water-soluble acids in amounts decreasing with
Card 1/2
SOV/65-58-12-10/16
,Apshteyn, R.A. and Mikhellson, A. Ta.
AUTHORS: Ivanov,j~,__j.,,_,,,L
TITLE: T~-w-M-'et-hod for Evaluating the Behaviour of Transformer
Oil During Normal Operation (Novyy metod otsenki
povedeniya transformatornykh masel v ekspluatatsii)
PERIODICAL: Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, 1958, Nr 12,
pp 46-48 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: A method has been developed in the VTI Laboratory for
determining more reliably the behaviour in operation of
transformer oil, i.e. the behaviour after ageing.
The method consists in ageing the oil in a specially
equipped small power transfoSmer with a tank capacity
of 12 litres operating at, 95 C under no-load conditions
at a 100% over-voltage, i.e. with a maximum of 100%
increase in the field strength with simultaneous blowing
of oxygen onto the oil at a rate of 25 ml/iain per 10 kg
of oil. During the tests the oil was heated by the
losses of the transformer itself and also by an additional
140 W immersion heater and a 1800 W hot-plate placed
under the transformer. Due to the fitting of an additional
Card 1/3 tank and circulation of the oil in the zone of the field
SOV/65-58-12-10/16
New Method for Evaluating the Behaviour of Transformer Oil
During Normal Operation
at a relatively high test temperature of 95 � 0.5'C
and saturation of the oil with oxygen, the ageing
process is accelerated and lasts ?50 hours, i.e. the
ageing is considerably slower than in various "express"
methods. The testing of the oil was effected simult-
aneously in two transformers in two stages. The first
stage, lasting 100 hours, enables determination of the
tendency of the oil to form water soluble acids during
the initial stage of ageing; the second stage lasting
650 hours permits evaluating the ability of the oil to
resist ageing over long periods. During the first stage,
the oxygen is fed in continuously, during the second
stage, the oxygen is fed in solely during the time when
the transformer is actually in operation, i.e. 7 hours
per day. At certain intervals samples are taken and the
total acidity, the content of water soluble and volatile
acids, the saponification number$ the content of active
oxygen and hydrogen, surface t(.,nsioa et-c. are determined
Card 2/3 and also the loss factor and tae break-down voltage.
At the end of the tests the quantity of precipitate is
LI
SOV/65-58-12-10/16
New JAethod for Evaluating the Behaviour of Transformer Oil
During Normal Operation
also determined. Between the individual tests, the
transformers are carefully cleaned by heating them
twice over a long period,each time with a new portion
of fresh oil. The here described method permits
evaluating of the behaviour of tran former oils under
conditions closely resembling normal operating conditions.
During the first 100 test hours, it is possible to
evaluate the ability of transformer oils to form low-
molecular water soluble acids at the beginning of the
ageing process and during a subsequent 650 hours it is
possible to determine the behaviour of the oil under
conditions of operation over long periods. Test results
are given which were obtained for some Soviet oils,
one of them containing 0.3% of the anti-oxidant
2,6-di-tert.butyl-4-methylphonol. There are 3 figure5.
ASSOCIATION: Vsesoyuznyy teplo-tekhnicheskiy institut
(All-Union Thermo-technical Institute)
Card 3/3
AUTHORS~ Ivanov, K. I., Vilyanskaya, Ye. D. SOV/'20-121-1-29/55
TITLE: On the Interaction Between the Hydrocarbon lutooxidation
Inhibitors and Alkyl- and Peroxide Radicals (0 vzaimodeystvii
zamedliteley avtookisleniYa uglevodorodov s alkillnymi i
perekisnymi radikalami)
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1958, Vol. 121, Nr ')~ pp. 107-110
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: The authors proved already earlier that some oxidation in-
hibitors of the mineral oil hydrocarbons in the liquid phases
by molecular oxygen are able to retard the oxidation only if
they are added to the substance to be oxidized (white oil =
beloye maslo) before the be,~innirg of the reaction; other inhib-
itors, however, cause this effect if they are introduced in
different stages of the oxidizing processes. It was assumed
that the inhibitors of the first group are able to bind active
particles which initiate the chain reaction (mainly the hydro-
carbon radicals R); the inhibitors of the second group are,
however, assumed to interact with peroxide compounds. These
peroxide compounds are formed in the initiating stage (hydro-
Card Ilif peroxides ROOH) as well as in the development sta,,re of the re-
SOY/20-121-1-29/55
On the Interaction Between the Hydrocarbon Autooxidatirn Inhibitors and
Alkyl- and Peroxide Radicals
action and yield inactive products (Ref 1). Later a third
group of inhibitors was found which retard ai3 well t tie auto-
oxidation if they are added before the beginningbut aie in con-
trast to the inhibitors of the second group able to stop a
developing (not inhibited) process only in its autocatalytic
stage. In order to solve all problems connected with this prob-
lem the authors introduced alkyl (R')- and peroxide (RO') ra-
2
dicals immediately into the white oil during its oxidation in
order to investigate their influence on the activity of the
antioxidants of all 3 groups in different-stages of oxidation.
The first group was represented by p-oxydiphenylazaine, the
second by 4,41-diaminodiphenyldisQlfide, and the third group
by 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-4-methyl-phenone (yanol). Acetyl peroxide
served as source of the hydrocarbon radicals. The peroxide
radicals were obtained from an interaction between cumol hydro-
peroxide and cobalt naphthenate (Ref 5). The results of the
first series of experiments (Pig 1) show that the introduction
of the 'CH 3-radicals in the initiatin.- staSe of the reactien
Card 2/4 accelerates to a great extent the oxidation of the not in-
S07/20-121-1-29/55
On the Interaction Between the Hydrocarbon Autooxidation Inhibitors and
Alkyl- and Peroxide Radicals
hibited oil. The induction period of the process is practical-
ly eliminated (Curves 1, 2, Fig 1). The inhibitors of the first
and third group retard in the presence of the addEd *CH 3- ra-
dicals the beginning of the oxidation of the oil, in contrast to
the inhibitor of the second group (Curves 4, Fig 1). In the
second experimental series the same antioxidants were inventi-
gated with peroxide radicals C 6H5C(CH 3)200' From the obtained
results (Fig 2) we may conclude that the introduction of these
radicals at the beginning of the reaction accelerates as well
to a great extent the oxidation process of the oil. The anti-
oxidants of the second and third group maintain their retarding
effect in the case of the introduction of RO*-radicals before
2
as well as after the beginning of the oxidation, as well as in
the case of addition of these inhibitors to the oil which
oxidizes under the inflaence of the introduced radicals (Fig 2,
B,V). An antioxidant of the first droup does not stop the re-
Card 5/4 action in the case of an introduction of RO 2-radicals, neither
SOV120-121-1-20155
On the Interaction Bet-,~ieen the Hydrocarbon Autooxidation Inhibitors and
Alkyl- and Peroxide Radicals
before nor after beginning of the experiment. There are 2
figures and 9 references, 7 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Vse3oyuznyy toplotelchnicheskiy
institut im. F. E. Dzerzhinsko-o (All-UnionThemotechnical
Scientific Research Institute, 4-meni F.E. Dzerzhinskiy)
PRESENTED: December 27, 1957, by N. N. Semenov, 14ember, Acade:-,y of
Sciences, USSR
SUBMITTED: December 20, 1957
1. Oxidation inhibitors--Performance 2. C)xjdation inhibitors
--Chemical reactions 3. Oxidation inhibitors-Test results
4. Alkyl radicals--Test results 5. Peroxide radicals--Test results
6. Mineral oils--Oxidation
Card 4/4
J,
Oxij~~~~c%rbons in the I JrA id Phase. Collection of Articles) 140800V,.
riki)
essr, In-ta khimicli Os fiz
izd-vo AN SSM 1959 ~34 _p. __13f~;;~u
Denisov-, _Te'.T4 (MZsc~; State Vaiverdity imeni'M. - V. Lowno6ovj.
Characteristics of -the Action of Inhibitors on Side-Chain Decomposition
Reactions 66
Ivanov.,,K.I,_, and Ye.D. Vilyanskaya [Vaesoyuznyy teplotekhnicheskiy nauch-
~6~fiil:~&;;;~tel I skiy inatitut imeni F. E. Dzerzhinekogo (All-Uhion Heat
Engineering Scientific Rqaea=b Institute imeni F. E. Dzerzhinskiyg.
Effect of Inhinitors an the Kinetics if the Autoxidation of Hydro-
carbons T7
The authors investigate the effect of various inhibitors on the
autoxidat:ton of hydrocarbons from petroleua crudes, as well as
various stages in the development of the oxidation process.
Card 4A8
SOV/96-59-9.-12/22
AJUTHORS: Ivanov,. KJT. (Dr. Chem. Sci.) and!
(Cand. Chem. Sci.)
TITLE: Fire-zesisting Turbine Oils
PERIODICALs Teploene:,getika, 1959$ Nr 0, pp 65-68 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: There is iru(,h interest abroad in fire-resist-ing turbine
oils and work on this subject; has also been done in the
All-Union Thermo-To,',Iinical Institute. Besides secvAng to
lubricate and cool the bearings, turIvine oil io used as a
hydraulic fluid in the governor gears where it is undai,
pressli-re. It is this oil- tinder pressure that conz tl rutes
the main fire risk and so sometimes the obje.:;'v I ~3 t:>
replace or~_y this part of the mineral lub-1--icating cii.
The synthetic oil described in the present artiol,a J.~;
interderl to rep_1a,'.e all. the mineral lubricating oil irk tbhs
turbine system. A synthetic lubricant was develop6d
based on organic phlosphorus compounds. The prin,,;ipal
physical propertie3 of this lubricant are compared with
those required by the standard specification and with
those of mineral turbine oil in Table 1. The synthetic
Card 1/3 lubricant has a self-ignition temperature in air cf 74-00c,
it is as close to the sDecification as normal turbine oil,
Fire-resisting Turbine Oils sov/96-59-9-12/22
is not subject to foaming and is not toxic at low
concentrations. A number of tests were made over arid
above those called for in the specifications particularly
in respect of the effect of the material on insulation.
The results which are given in Table 2 show that the now
material has much less influence than mineral oil on most
of the insulating materials used in alternators. A
sample of the fire-resistant lubricant was tested on a
special bearing rig illustrated diagrammatically in Fig 1.
The test results are given in 'Table 3 together with
comparable results for a normal petroleum lubricant7 and
it will be seen that the synthetic lubricant has a good
resistance to ageing and foaming. Sufficient data is
now available to indicate the desirability of making full-
scale tests, perhaps first only in a governor system, but
preferably in an entire turbine lubrication system.
Some small changes will be required in turbine lubrication
systems; for example, the lubricant is of higher specific
gravity thal.11 water and so different arrangements must be
made to drain water from the lubricant tanks. For health
Card 2/3 reasons, it is preferable that the synthetic lubricant
Fire-resisting Turbine Oils SOV/96-59-9,-12/22
should not be exposed at temperatures above 50 OC~ A
four-ton batch of the new lubricant has been made for
testing in service.
Card 3/3 There are I figure, 3 tables and 9 references, of -which
1i
1 is Sovieti 3 are German and 5 are English.
ASSOCIATION: Vsesoyuzn:71.r teplotekhnicheskiy institut
(All-Unio,n Thermo-TechnIcal Institute)
S/096/60/000/011/002/018
E19VE181+
AUTHORS: Ivanoir K I. (Doctor of Chemical Sciences),
vllyanskH~y_a, )~e.D. (Candidate of Chentical Soiiences),
and Luzhetski~~L.A.A., (Engineer)
TITLE: New Developments in the Theory and Praati(~,e of Using
Anti-oxidants in Oils for the Power Industry
PERIODICAL: Teploenergetilca, 1 60
No 119 PP 34 39
TEXT: The theory and practice of the use of anti-oxidants -in
turbine and transformer oils is reviewed. The authors (,Iassify
ant.*.J.-oxi.dants into three groups (see Table 1)., Inhibitors In t-he
second group are able to retard oxidation that has already
commenced, those of the first group are not, whilst those of the
third group can retard the process only in the auto- ca. talytic
stage. The tests were made with white oil but were found to be
valid also for Baku transformer oil. The behaviour of the
d if.-ferent groups of inhibitors depends on their ability to interact
differently with the intermediate oxidation products, namely,
hYdroperoxides and peroxides . Proposed mechanlsms of inhibitor
ar_,tion are given in Table 2,', It is found that the chemical nature
of the functional group o(%ourring in the anti-oxidant molecule
Card 1/3
S/096/60/000/011/002/01.8
E19VEl&
Now Developments in the Theory and Practice of Using Axiti-oxidants
in Oils fo.~ the Power Industry
does not suffice to relate the anti-oxidant to one or other of the
three classes given. i Apparently, the position of the functional
group in the inhibitor molecule is most important. Two Lmpo,.,,ta-nt
praot-Ical conclusions follow, namely: it is possible to use anti-
oxidants in turbine and transformer oils not only when they are new
but also aft-~ir they have been in service and are partially oxidised,
and -it is also possible to reliably stabilise regenerated oil. ir--
which some traces of oxidation products are usually left:
aper.ially selected mixtures of anti-oxidants may 'be used to
stabilise oils, Anti-oxidants of the second and also of the third
groups should be the most effective in retarding oxidation that, has
already commenced, whilst anti-oxidants of the first g:roup arenot
suitable for this purpose,, 'Phis conc.1-asAon has been confirmed
both by laboratory oxidation tests and in the field 'by tests on
turb-ines and t-,-~,nsformers, Theoretical. (,onsiderations are given
why the simijIt-aneous application of anti-ox1dants of' the differew"
groups (1, and 2), (2 and 3), and (I and 3) can giva .',nc;-reased
effeat.'A,-,~3ness,, It is pol.nted. out', triat the pu b L.i s h. works 011:
Cal. J.
B/096/60/000/011/002/018
E19VE184
New Developments in the Theory and Prac:tico of Using
in Oils for the Power Industry
British and American authors are not in agreement on this point.
However,, the laboratory test results given in Tables 3 and 4 and
Figs and field tests show that a suitable mixture of two
additives can be highly efficient in turbine and transformer, oils,
It was also shown that no enhancement of effect is produced wher.
anti-oxidants of the same- rou:p are mixed togeth-or, exrept in the
case of anti-oxidant roTt4 9 (VTI-8), which contains. sulphur.
The importance of secondary properties of anti-oxidants such as
their influenog upon corrosion or electrical properties of the oil
and. partacularly their solubility is discussed, Fig 4 shows the
neutralization value as function of time for a turbine before and
after using inhibited turbine oil containing a mixture of the abo-.re
mentioned. additive VTI-8 and p-oxydiphenylamine. This article goe.--
further than most in naming the additives and. their concentrations
used in the tests. There are lir figures, 4 tables. and 1*7 references:
A Soviet, 6 English and 1 French.
ASSOCTATIONa Vsesoyuznyy teplotel~hnicheskiy Institnt
(All-Union Thermo-Technical Institute)
Card. 3/3
s/oBi/62/rOO/007/027/033
B168/BlG'.
AUTHORS: ~14anoulZo 1_v, Lipshteynt R. A., Mikhell-on, A. Ya.,
Luzhetskiy, A. A.
TITLE: A method of evaluating the operational characteristics of
inhibited insulating oils
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnai6. Khimiya, no. 7, 1962, 550-551,
abstract 7M197 (Sb. "Prisadki k maslam i toplivam". M.,
Gostoptekhizdat, 1961, 290-297)
TEXT: A test-bench method of evaluating the operational characteristics
of transformer oils has been devised (a diagram of the apparatus is givens
Essentially this method consists of testing the oil for aging over a
period of 750 hours in a low-power transformer running without load at
twice the maximum field intensity. In order to reduce the time taken by
the test the aging process of the transformer oil is speeded tip by using
special devices for heating the oil to 950C, for saturatingit with oxygen
and for circulating the oil in the field zone. The quality of the
transformer oil is determined, while the oil is in use, from changes in a
Card 112
S/08 62/000/007/027/033
,k method of evaluating the ... B168YB101
grouD of characteristics - namely, tendency to form low-molecular water-
soluble acids in the initial stages of aging (after 100 hours), general
acidity, quantity of sediment, tangent of angle of dielectric losses
(tan 6), condition of the solid insulationt corrosive attack on coppery
etc. With this method it is possible to make a more objective and
broader evaluation of the operational characteristics of a transformer
oil than by other, familiar, methods. A number of tests were,carried out
by this method on home-produced commercial and experimental oils and also
on imported commercial oils. LAbstracter's note: Complete translation .3
Card 2/2
S/065/61/000/007/005/005
E194/E435
AUTHORS: Lipshteyn, R.A., Ivanov, K.I. and Mikhellson, A.Ya.
TITLE: Assessment of the service properties of transformer oils
PERIODICAL: Khimiya i tekhnologiya topliv i masel, 1961, No-7,
pp.63-70
TEXT: Existing laboratory methods of testing transformer oils do
not assess them fully. Accordingly, the Laboratoriya nefti
(Petroleum Laboratory) of the VTI has developed a method of
assessing transformer oil in small transformers. These
transformers operate at twice the rated voltage and, to reduce the
test time, ageing of the oil is intensified'by heating it to a
temperature of 950C, saiiirating it with oxygen and by circulation
of the oil. The oil iE ~3sessed by measuring the contents of low
and high molecular weight acids, the amount of sludge, the
dielectric loss angle, the condition of the solid insulation,
corrosivity to copper and other tests. These rig tests give
results that are in agreement with YTI experience of the service
performance of the oils in question and data obtained by
A.A.Luzhetskly. Test results on a considerable number of oils are
Card 1/3
S/065/61/000/007/005/005
Assessment of the service ... E194/E435
given, In general, Soviet oils front low sulphur crudes were
unsatisfactory usually because of excessive-formation of low
molecular weight acids or sludge. Even the best of the Baku oils
did not give such good rig test results as imported British and
French oils. Oils produced from high sulphur crudes were also
generally unsatisfactory. Di-terbutylparacresol (DBPC)
effectively improved the oxidation stability of many of the oils.
However, the results of rig tests on inhibited oils are,sometimes
not so favourable as might be expected from laboratory bench tests.
The usual relationship between depth of refining and inhibitor
response is reported. With base oil of satisfactory quality, the
content of DBPC may be reduced from 0.3 to 0.2%, but further
reduction to 0.1% gives poor performance. The All-Union
Scientific Research Institute of the Petroleum Industry (VNII NP)
and the Novo-Kuybyshev Refinery developed a method of manufacturing
hydrofined transformer oil from high sulphur crudes without solvent
treatment. Although bench test results are satisfactory, heavy
sludge formation was experienced in laboratory transformers and,
accordingly, stricter requirements were applied to this oil in
Card 2/3
s/o65/61/000/007/005/005
Assessment of the service ... E194/E435
respect of sludge formation in the fourteen hour oxidation test of
the standard rOCT 981-55 (GOST 98.1-55). The seconcr production
batch of hydrofined oil was also refined by percolation and gave
much better rig test results. On the basis of the work, it is
recommended that if *ransformer oils are made from new crudes by
new refinery processes, or with new additives, they should be
admitted to general uoe,only after being subjected to a 750 hour'rig
test on experimental transformers using the procedure of the VTI.
The existing standard for transformer oils rob'T 982-56 (GOST' 982-~56)
should be tightened up in respect of dielectric loss angle-, and for
aromatic oils in respect of sludge formation after oxidation.
Some tightening up in neutralization value after oxidation is also
to be recommended. When further experience has been accumulated
the standard should be extended to include such characteristics as
colour, interfacial tension, stability of el'ectrical properties on
laboratory ageing, copper strip test and gassing properties in
hydrogen atmosphere. There are 2 figures, 4 tables and 5 Soviet
references.
ASSOCIATION: VTI im. Dzerzhinskogo (VTI im.Dzerzhinskiy)
Card 3/3
27917
s/oq6/61/OO0/011/oo2/o06
111,9110 E194/E155
AUTHORSz, Ivanov, K.I., Doctor of Chemical Sciences,
_7_1EY_an.skaYa,, Ya,D~, Candidate of Chemical Stiencea,
Kazanskiy, K.M~, Engineerg Shilankov, B,F,,, Engineer.,
and Fedorova, J.V., Engineer
TITLE! Service test results with fire resistant turbine oil
"Ivvioll IA"
PERIODICAL, Teploenergetika, no. 11, 196lq 271-29
TEXT~- Work on fire-resistant hydraulic fluids and lubricants
for turbines is proceeding in several countries. For example)
Pydraul F-9 is suitable as a hydraulic fluid but not as a bearing
lubricant. In 195a-59 the Laboratoriya nefti (Petrol-eum
Laboratory) of VTI developed a fi-re-resistant aubst:it-ate for
turbine oil, grade Ivvioll 1A, intended for us 'e bVI-th $a hydraul-i--
fluid and lubricant, Laboratory test results were published by
two of the present &uthore (Ref.38 K.I. Ivanov, Ya.D... Vilyanakaya,
Teploenergetika no.9, 1959) and then an experimental batth of the
material was made for field tests. The viscosity of the material
was 20 centistokes at 50 OC~ the flash point was 218 OCI open cup
Card 1/3
27917
Service test results With fire S/096~61/000/01k/002/oo6
K194/E155
and the fire point .4n air 740 OC. The specific gravity at 20 OC
is 1.17.' The material meets the requirements of the conventional
turbine oil specification in respect of stability and neutrality.
Before the charge was put in the turb-i-ne certain changeo were
made,~ the cylindrical filters in the oi-I tank were replaced by
gauze screens which could be cleaned during operation of the
turbinel the design of one of the main glands wao improved.
In the earl-y period of operation with Ivvioll IA, -foaming was
observed but was cured by the addition of a silic.owe anti-foam
agent to the amount of 0,1% by weights After two or three months'
service the -brass gauze screens in-the oil tank. were attatked by
the fluid, During the entira servite period the vaket-up of firt-
resistant fluid was 200 kgo whereas the amount of ril that. had
been required in a corresponding-peri*d was 800 kg. 'The
difference-is presumably due to the lower volatility of the fire-
.r-asistant materl&l. After a perrio-d of servict the ri3tosity and
neutrality of the fluid were unchangerd and all parts of the
turbine, whi-th were carefully examined, were in good condition.
The fluid was on test for 5400 hour93 during which the turbine ran
without stopping for 120 days7 at 18 hour3 a day fox- 11-0 day3)
Card 2/3
27917
Service test results with fire s/cq6/6l/ooo/oll/002/oo6
E_194/E155
and at 12 hours per day for 45 daya. The water contant of the
fluid ranged from 0.02 to 0.2%. Water is easily removed from the
fire-resistant fluid be,.ause it accumulates on the surface of the
oil tank from which it readily evaporates. The results indicate
that the oxidation stability of the synthetic fluid is better than
that of the usual mineral oil. The fire-resistant fluid darkened
in colour because it attacked the protective paint used-in the
system, Ivvioll 1A is toxic if ingestedg but if normal hygienic
precautions, typical of those used With similar fluids elsewheres
are observed there is no risk on this account. The difficulties
with foaming and corrosion of brass can easily be overcocae and it
is considered that 1,evioll 1A can replace mineral oil in turbine
lubricating and hydraulic systems of the type considered,
There are I figure, 2 tablea and 3 referencess 2 Soviet-bloc anti
I English, The'English language referents reads as follows.,
Ref,lg Harris Product Engineering, vol, XX, 1954.
ASSOCIATIONs Vzesoyuznyy t eplot~akhnich ask iy institut - Mosenergo
(All-Union Heat Engineering Institute and Moaenergo)
Card 3/3
88706
S/07 61/035/001/004/022
B004YB060
AUTHORSt Xvanov, K. I. and Vilyanskaya, Ye. D.
TITLE: Reversal of the negative catalytic effect of aniline in its
action UDon various stages of autoxidation of hydrocarbons
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal fizicheskoy khimiit v. 35, no. 11 1961; 50-57
TEXT: In their study of the effect of oxidation inhibitors upon the
oxidation of hydrocarbons (Refs. 1,2) the authors found that aniline acts
as an oxidation inhibitor if added to the hydrocarbon prior to the begin-
ning of oxidation, but that it speeds up oxidation if added after
oxidation. Aniline thereby differs from inhibitors of the first group
(diphenyl amino, phenyl-fi-naphthyl amine, p-hydroxy diphenyl amine, Methyl
aniline, dimethyl aniline, antipyrine), which, while no more acting as
inhibitors once oxidation is started, do not have any accelerating effect
either; such of the second group (eA-naphthyl amine,o(-naphthol, p-phenylene
diamine, diethyl-p-phenylene diamine, p-amino phenol, hydroquinonet 4,4'-
diamino diphenyl sulfidep p-tert-butyl phenol, benzidine, o.-tolidine),
which inhibit oxidation at all stages, and such of the third group
Card 1/4
88706
S/076/61/035/001/004/022
Reversal of the z,----,-ative catalytic B004/BO60
(A-naphthyl amine, a-naphthol, m-phenylene diazine, diphenyl-p-phenylene
diamine, phenyl-a(-naphthyl amine, di-o(-naphthyl-p-phenylene diamine,
di-A-naphthyl-p-phenylene diamine, o-amino phenol, diethyl-o-amino phenolp
resorcinol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol, pyramidon), which inhibit
oxidation only prior to and in the autocatalytic stage, but no more once
the reaction has attained a constant rate. This difference in the three
groups is due to the different position of the functional groups. 0-1
m-, and p-toluidine behaved quite like aniline. The authors of the present
article wanted to study this behavior more closely. The experiments were
carried out with refined medicinal oil (d20 . 0.8810, V - 32.2 conti-
n 50
stokes). The minimum concentration at whi ch aniline has an inhibit:..ng
or an accelerating effect upon oxidation (2 wqo) is higher than the con-
centration of the other antioxidants (0.1-0.2%). The following experi-
ments were madet a) addition of p-hydroxy diDhenyl c-mine (1st group) and
aniline to oil, beginning of oxidation test, and, after five hours,
addition of further 3clu' aniline; b) addition of 4,41-diamino diphenyl
disulfide (2nd group) and aniline, and, after five hours, addition of 3%
aniline; c) acceleration of oxidation by the addition of 3% aniline five
Card 2/4
V
88706
S/076/61/035/001/004/022
Reversal of the negative catalytic B004/B060
hours after beginning of oxidation, followed by addition of p-hydroxy di-
phenyl amine; d) like c)t but addition of 4,41-diamino diphenyl disulfide.
Results: the reagent of the 1st group (experiments a and c) had no more
an inhibiting effect, while the reagent of the 2nd group b
and d) brdught oxidation to a standstill,. Aniline thus behaves in much the
same way as the RO radical, which is likewise not pasaivated by the Ist
group, while it is by the 2nd group.. it is assumed that aniline enters
into interaction with the reaction products in the case of oil'already
undergoing oxidation to form a radical which combines with oxygen to form
a peroxide-radical. There are 6 figures, I tttible, Pnd 6 references:
4 Soviet-blue and 2 non-Soviet-bloc.
ASSOCIATION: Vresoyuznyy teplotekhnicheskiy institut im. F. E. Dzerzhin-
skogo (All-Union Institute of Heat Engineering imeni
F. E. Dzerzhinskiy)
SUBITITT"ED: April 8, 1959
Card 3/4
Reversal of the ri gative catalytic ...
Legend to Pic. 1. a) acid number of the oill
KO~.-,- b) time, hours.
88706
S/076/61/035/001/004/022
B004/BO60
mg
Card 4/4
1 1, 1' , "," !!"I -?,
s/o65/62/000/007/002/002
E194/E484
AUTHORS: lvanoK_,__~.I., Zhakhovskaya, V.P.
TITLE: I, he nature of water soluble acids formed in the
initial stages of ageing of transformer and turbine oils
"','RIOI)ICAI,: Khitniya i tekhnologiya topliv i masel, no.7, 1962,
58-62
I'EXT: The authors studied by a chromatographic method the
amounts of steaut distilled volatile aliphatic acids occurring
during the early'service ageing of transformer and turbine oils,
it was first decided to study the saturated mono-basic fatty acids
because they can easily be separated by steam distillation from
the other acidic compounds which might be present. The choice
proved justified for in none of the steam distilled materials did
ordinary qualitative tests reveal any unsaturated fatty acids,
phenols or cresols. Samples of turbine and transformer oil from
service were thoroughly extracted with distilled water. The
extract was neutralized with NaOH and concentrated by evaporation,
reacidified and steam distilled. The neutralized distillate was
evaporated to dryness and after dissolving in a auitable solvent
Card 1/2
s/065/62/000/007/002/002
The nature of water soluble ... E194/E484
was put through a chromatographic column. The acids were
removed from the column in order of decreasing molecular weight
starting with iso-valerianic acid eluted by 0.5'1'0 n-butanol in
chloroform. Formic acid was eluted last with 25 to Yr% butanol
in chloroform. The experimental results are tabulated. The
total acidity of the transformer oil ranged from 0.04 to 0.7 mg
KOH/g an.d that of t~e turbine oil from 0.06 to 0.31 mg K011/g.
Th~ amount of volatile acids found by the method described rangell
from a quarter to a third of the total water soluble acids content,
except in the case of transformer oil from eastern crude where the
amount.was very much less. The principal volatile acid in the
samples tested was formic (56 to 8401;)-. Acetic, pi-opionic arld
oleic acids are present in smaller quantities (1-5 to 11.5"U').
The transformer oils tested contained relatively large amounts
('13 to 45") of iso-valerianic acid, There are 1 figure and
2 tables.
ASSOCIATION: VT1
Card 2/2
:IVAROV, K.I., doktor khimicheskikh nauk; MIKEELISON, A.Ya., inzh.
International method of testing insulating oils for artificial
aging. Vest.elektroprom. 33 no.1:5-9'Ja '62. (MIRA 14*12)
(Insulating oils--Testing)
DZHUVARLY, Chingiz Mekhtiyevich; IYAMV-,jKqn9tm~LttA-InA9)dp-4J JORLIN,
Mikhail Vladimirovich; LIPSWEYN, Rafail Aleksandrovich;
MUKHAPSKAYA, Leyli Idamovna; LEVINA, Ye.S., ved. red.;
YAKOVLEVA, Z.I., tekhn. red.
(Insulating oils] Elektroizoliatsionnye masla. [By] Ch.M.
Dzhuvarly i dr. Moskva, Gostoptekhizdat, 1963. 274 p.
(MIRA 16:4)
(Insulating oils)
IF
Owww"NO''
L 13338-63 __P4174/p?r-4, W/19114'
AC(:ESSIQN IIM: AP3002775 S/0204/63,(0031003/0352/0359
AUTHOR- Ivanov, K. I.; Savinova, N. Ko; Zhakhovskaya, V. P.
66'
TIIU* Thermal 5t ability of, aj!SL1_ hydroperwdde
SOURCE., NeftekhimiYa, v- 30 nb.,,3,* 1963- 352-35Tr
__TOPTIG ---TAGS -isomeric d alkyj hydroperwdde d~cOmpositiojfj
a. ky r
ABSTP.&MI 'The investigated isomeric alk-yl hydroperoxides cl.- b
P:
according to their increasing stability against thermal dec`~~ifipoq~tion. Undq~~
thE investigated conditions their stability in io-1 NtionT-1_5~_as ws
secondary, primary, and tertiary alkyl hydrocarbons. In ar. Diert media 0
chlorobenzene solution under a nitrogen atinosphere and at-110G, the directlon
of thermal deCOMP03itiOn is different Por alkyl hydroperoxides of (Ufferent
structures. The primary alkyl-hydroperoxides under these condilt~:Ions decompo$es
nzrily into hydrogen and acid- with the same number of atoy
priL ms. The hydrogen,
sk--leton of the secondary pentanehydroperOdde-2 partly breteks- dami -4th -the
formattion of meth-ane and butyric acid. The tertiary hydropi_-oxL&! decomposes
by a complex radical chain reaction. The composition of tho gaaeous ]chase alid
-Card 1/2
L1333-8-63
ACCESSION NR AP)C-J2775
the nature of the solvent show alarge effect on the directioti and .0 some
extent, on the rate of the a2kyl hydroperoxide, decomposition#, Ther gitseous
oxygen: 13 vigorously absorbed by the solvents of the decomposLig it3or-eric
alkyl hydropez-oxides and even takes part in their decomposition in an inert
solvent such as chlorobenzene. In the treatment of, autm'dd0don gachwlism of
petroleum and of paiaffinic hx*ocarbons espeoially,,, onla must confj!~der not olay
the effect of the decomnosition. in the liquid but also in the gaseauD media.
Ln addition to this the possibility of direct formation of acide during the
decomposition of alkyl hydroperoxides must also be considered. Orig. arto
has: 2 tables.
ASSOCIATION: Vsesoyuzny*,y teplotekhnicheskiy nauchno-1ss1ed6vateltn!.d*y institut
im. P. E. Dzer2vinskogo (All-Union-Scientific Research Institute 6T.Heat
Engi rin
ENCL:!. .00
SUBMITTED- O3Dec62 DATE ACQ: 23Jul63
SUBCODE: 00 NO MF SOV- 004
010
Card 2/2--
GORBAMTKO, A.D.; ZEGER, K.Ye.; ZERNGVA, T.A.; IVANOV K.I *
A-ttl~-
LIIISHTEYN; R.A.; LUZHETSKIY) A.A.; POCOTSKIY, L.I.
Importance of ash content in boiler fuels for electric power
plants. Standartizatsiia 28 no.1%24-25 Ja 164.
(MIRA 17:1)
: I Ivi 1 1:
kand.tekhri.nauk
Organ] ze tbo prrdtiction of honvy-duty coro barrol rnok drilln.
Gor. 7hur. n,),,4-,43-48 Ap 164. (14110. 17:4)
IVANOV, X.L; ANDHEYEV, V.D.j MANZIYENKO, G.G,j IJSIfKGV, R.N.
Invostigating the efficiency of using pistons of variow desijm
for rook breaking. Gor. thur. no'. 121L.5-47 D 165.
(MTRA M12)
I PI
'M W-' GL)
jr, LWkk w ; I II J FjVAN, / r, M
7CT NR, AT6015194 (P, t4 SOURCE CODEt UR/0000/66/000/000/0046/0049
AUTHOR: AleksplevapMo Ps; Ivenovs Ke Is
ORG: none
TITLE: Determining the thermal stability of fuels in a rocking
aiito-alave
SOURCE: Metody otsenki skspluatetsionnykb svo7stv reektivn7kb topliv i
smazochnykh materialov (Methods for the performance evalue.tion of jet
opellants and lubricants). Moscow, Izd-vo Mosbinostroyenlyeg 1966j
6-49
V
TOPIC TAGS: petroleum fuel, fuel thermal stability, fuel corrosiveness,?
fuel deposit formation
ABSTRACT: The effect of moviment on the values of the beat stability
indices of reactive fuels was studied in the laboratory utilizing a
rocking autoolave to simulate the motion of fuel in tanks, Tests run 0.13
T-1 and T-5 fuels and on fuels containing cracked products,%bowed tbat7
the tbermo-oxidative processes In motionless and In agitated fuels do
not differ too significently--tbere is little effect on deposit and i
resin formation and*acidity is just noticeably higher, Orig. arto has.,
3 figures and 2 tables.
conE2vm?lv 14/ SU13M DATE: 1ODec65/ ORIG REF: 001
Wd
IVANOV, K.I.
,%-M'N~-Practically important tasks of the geography of agriculture.
Tap. geog. no.41r206-214 157. (MIRA 1NU)
(Geography, Economic) (Agriculture)
ZVORYKIN. K.V.; IVANOV,_J~..
Tasks of the geographical study of natural and economic con-
ditions connected with agriciiltural production. Geog. I khoz.
no.1:35-39 '58. (MIR& 12:1)
(Agriculture-Rconomic aspects)
v
IVAITOV. Y. J*_-- -""- -
Mnrn attention to goographical studiee In agriculture.
Gnog. v shkole 21 no.5:1-5 S-0 158- (milth 11110)
(Gnographical rennarch) (Agricultural physica)
GEDYMIN, A.V.; ZVORYKIN, K.VaVANOV, K.I.
"k-rarian atlas of the German Democratic Republic" [in German]
and the system of the qualitative evaluation of agricultural
lande in the German Democratic Republics Vopegeogs no.43:
190-205 '58. (MIRA 1215)
(Germany, East--Agriculture--Ha )
(Germany, East--Soil surveyT
IVANOV, K.I.; LEBEDEV, P.N.
Compiling maps of the agricultural use of soil as one of the contacts
between teaching geography and life. Geogo v shkole 25 no.2:38-43
mr-Ap '62. (MIRA 15:2)
1 (Agricultural geography)
_1VANOV, K.T., rod.; EELOTSERKOVSKIY, M.Yu., red.; BOLYSBEV, red.;
GEDYMIN, A.V., red.; GLAZOVSKAYA, M.A., red.; GOLOVENKO, S.V.,
red.; ZVORYKIN, K.V., red.; IGNATIYEV, G.M., red.; KUZNETSOVj
G.A., red.; LEBEDEV, N.P., red.; LEBEDEV, P.N.q,red.;
WITPIKOV, A.N., red.; SHEYNIN, L.B., red.1 GREBTSOV, P.P.,
red.; YEPI~IAKOV, M.S., tekhn. red.
[Accounting for and the evaluation of agricultural land)
Uchet i otsenka sel'skokhoziaistvennykh zemell. Pod red. K.I.
Ivanova. Moskva, Izd-vo Mosk. univ., 1963. 385 p.
(MIRA 16:7)
(Farm--Valuation) (Soils--Classification) (Cadaaters)
IVAN0V,.&j.;,VESK0V, M.I.; KIIOMYLOV., G.S.; MELINIKOV-, SOS" WTAKELI, K.P.
Technological layouts for mining coal without men and without
timbering. Gor. i bkon. vop. razrab. ugoll. i rud. nest. no.1i
49-66 162. (Coal mines and mining) (Automation) (faRA 16:7)
IVAN011, K.I.
1, .... - ~ I~ ~'': ~- '~' ~-7.
Territorial (geographical) production plans in agriculture.
Vest. Mosk. un. Ser. 5: Geog. 20 no.5:3-10 S-0 165.
(MIRA 18:12)
1. Kafedra ekonomicheskoy geografii SSSR Moskovskogo
gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Submitted June 10, 1965.
Ll I ~ I
I V AN,, )~ ., F , 1 , ~ W)LYAN -I , ,-~ 'LANVI, YEN-e!l,
jmrrove tille qu;.jll.t.-i (-),' firil.l. att-I , Gor. zhur. no., 144-.4-/ Ap 165.
(MIRA ISO)
1 1 il
: . I
IMAM, Gy. T.
Functional prc)l,eftIE!-' of oil. firciuced from "I'lazan,
ri,2f-t,4,Hui. no,4:9-11 165.
Chi-
-kLM-,
tu L.
ins
lit! 1111~
Ile
1. IV4,01V , K. I.
2. USSR (600)
"The Basic Features of the Hydrochrmical Balance of the
Preestuarial Areas (of the Volga River and of the North-
am Casrin Sea.)" T=dv GOIN, Issue 4 (16), 1948
(70-129,
9. Meteor-ologiya i Gidrologiya, No. 3, 1949,1M Report
U-2551, 30 Oct. 52.
--ncy -m --ri Tel C-0111,
2 1~i'
1): U-303", 1-1
---------------
USM/Geopby~ics Oceanography ll-,J-)ct ~0--
Turbidity*-
~t~fficient of Light Atteauation as a Function of
,q iAi~ Diameters Qf ra-r-ticles Suspen~--d in Water,"
Ivanov., State Oceanogmphic"Inst, Main Adm
Ot..-94-drometeorol Sv
~P, .or Dok Ak Hauk SSSR" Vol LXXIV, No 5, PP 9225-929
Organized, experiments with kaolin and clayey silt
d;ild in distd water to clarify dependency between
content of suspended substances and coeff of light
attenuation. Found coeff of light attenuation for
vame lengths above 300 =," increazes, reaches max for
USSR/Geopbysics - oceanography 11 Oct 50
(Coutd)
particles with diam of 1.5a., then drops sharply and
asymptotically approaches axis. Suggests wt conen
of suspended substances might be approximated by
detg coeff of light attenuation, inasmuch as former
quantity is usually difficult to det because concn
is negligible, varying 0.2 - 2 mg/:L- in sea vat,=s.
Submitted by Acad V. V. ShuleYkin 15 Aug 50.
SKOPINTSEV, B.A.; IVAWV, K.I. -
Use of photometric measurements in determining ounpencied,particles and
colored hunic compounds in s'ea water. Trudy GOIN no.22:113-131 1 52.
(141RA 12:1)
(Sea water-Analynio) (Pbotometry)
IVANOV, K.I.
Deposition of sediment in the sea off the mouth of the Kura River.
Trudy GOIN no.28:131-136 155. (MMA 9:6)
(Kura River--Sedimentation and deposition)
kand.tekhn.nauk; GMIMATIKOV, Yu.A., inzY.
Investigating the bearing properties of coal pillars in a .9teep
seam, Ugoll 40 no-3:30-33 Mr 165. (MIRA 1814.)
1. Institut gornogo dela im. A.A.Skochinskogo.
IVANOV, K.1.
14anufa-clu-re of cementleus arbolit blocks at the production
center of an interfarm building organization. Stroi. mat.
7 no.7:26-27 J1 161. .(MIRA 2427)
(Zvenigorod District-Building materials indust)
KHESIN Gennadiy Llvovich; BABENKOV, Igor' Sorgeyovich;-1VA'OV
Konstantjn,.-jv,"qyAqh; MELINIKOV, Ye.A., otv. red.;
LEDOVSKAYA, V.V.y red.; IVLEVA, I.P., red.
r
LStress distribution in a boring instrument and in rock;
static and dynamic investigation by the photoelastic method]
Raspredelenie napriazhenii v burovom instrumente i porode;
staticheskie i dinamicheskie issledovaniia raetodom foto-
upr"gosti. Moskva, TSentr. nauchno-igal. in-t informataii i
tekhniko-ekon. issledovanii ugollnoi prou7shl., 1963o 89 pe
(MIRA 17-4)
RUSAKOV, G.K., kand. sellkhoz. nauk; MILYAVSKF-, 1.0., kand.
sellkhoz. nauk; SHILKO, V.P., kand. sellkhoz. nauk;
MARTIVENAS, A.N.; BELIUSKIY, A.I., agr.-ekonom.;
KARPUSUNKO, A.I., agr.-ekon. (deceased3; POS-!ITNYY,
V.M., ekonom.; PANCIEVO, Ya.I., agr.-ekoncri.; hVAGIIEV,
V.M.1 agr.-ekonom.; SOBOLENKO, V.S.; KRAVTSOV, D.S.,
agronom.; LYSOV, V.F., ekonom.; SHLYAKHTIN, V.I.p kand.
ekon. nauk; TSYBULIKO, F.Ye,,; ORIKIIOVSKIY, I.G., agr.-
ekonom.; TATUREVICH, N.M., agr.-ekonom.,; GAIVASH, I.I.;
NOSACHENKOI V.F., inzh.-ekonom.; MUKHTJSULL111, Sh.M.,
agr.-ekonom.; ROZENTSVAYG, A.L.p agr.-ekonorn.; BERLIN,
M.Z.J, dots.; Jy&2V agr.-ekonom.; SILIN, A.G.,
.j. K. I* P
ekonom.; LIKHOT, I.K.; CH&NOV, G.I., kand. ekon. nauk;
MIh'WLOV, M.V., kand. ekon. nauk; GORELIK, L.Ya., red.
[Planning and econon&cal operation on collective farms]
Planirovanie i rezhim ekonomii v kolkhozakh. Moskva,
Ekonomika, 1965. 258 P. (mIRA 18:5)
1. Zavedljyushchiy otdelom ekonomiki i organizatsii kol-
khoznogo proizvodstva nauchno-issledovatellskogo insti-
tuta ekonomiki sellskogo khozyayst-va Litovskoy SSR (for
Martinenas). 2. Zaveduyuohcl-dy otdclom Sttivropallskogo
krayevogo komiteta KPSS (for Likhot).
MARTYNFNKO, I.A., inzh.; MILYAYFV, I.S,, inzh.; TUGAYEEV, T.S., inzh.;
KOTLYARSKIY, I.A., inzh.,* MOREV, A.B., inzh.; WUDRYAK, V.A.,
inzh.; SUDOPLATOV, A.P., prof.; IVAKOL K J., kand. tekhn. nauk;
IGNATIYEV, A.D., kand. tekhn. nauk; KOLYSHKIN. 0.M., kand. tekhn.
nauk; YEREWNKO, Ye.I., inzh.
Industrial testing of the auger drilling of coal with double
spindli. auger,drilling machines. Ugolt 40 no.1:32-37 Ja 165.
(MIRA 18:4)
1. Kombinat Ukrzapadugoll (for Martynenko, M:Llyayev, Tugayev).
2. Gorlovskiy mashinostroiteltnyy zavod im. S.M.Kirova (for
KotlyarskiyI Morev, Mudryak). 3, Institut gornogo dela im.
A.A.Skochinskogo (for Sudoplatov, Ivanov, Ignatlyev, Kolyshkin,
Meltnikov, Yeremenko).
11if fir
1 a
IT
IF
IVANOV, K#K*
Increase the rate of technological progress in construction of
sea and river harbors. Transp, stroi, 12 no,12:1-3 D 162.
(MIRA 16:1)
1. Nachallnik tekhnicheskogo otdela Glavnogo upravleniya po
stroitellstvu morskikh i rechAykh sooruzheidy Ministerstva
transportnogo stroltellstva 9SSR.
(Harbors) (Hydraulic engineering)
.IVAITOV, K.K.; BOGATYREV, M.F.
Fatal outcome after appendectmy. Sov. mad. 25 no.2:110-114
F 162. (IMIRA 15:3)
(APPENDECTOMY)
(DEATH-CAUSES)
1 1 ~j ~-J!
GNUTMIKO, A.A.; ]~_VANOV,--K.K. (Khabarovsk)
Disorders of the ear in acute leukemia. Veat,,otorin. 23 no.2: '
27-32 F t6l. (MIRA 14,-.4)
(ISUMIIA) (DRAFNESS) (EAPd--DISWES)
hTiFIFET'Sy V.Z., karid.tekhri.nauk; ARSST, G.A., lnzh.; IVAPIOV, Yzh.;
SOLODOVNIKOV., V.A... inzh. . . .1.1- .. ...I-- ~'.. .-
Devices for the control of undenrater hydraulic ongineerJng
operationa. Tranap.stroi. 15 no.10252-53 0 165,
. (MIRA 18312)
TOROPOVA, Ye.G.; GAVRILINA, G.V.; LIROVA, S.A.; ITANOV, K.X.
Formation of antibiotic 6613 in cultures of Actinom7cos daghestanicus.
Antibiotiki 4 no,5til-14 S-0 159. (MIRA 13 Q)
1. Institut po isyekaniyu nov7kh antibiotikov AMN SSHR.
(AVTIBI(r, ICS)
(ACTINOMYCES)
T- ----------- -
F
IVANOV, K.K.; KOVALENKOVA, V.K,,,- IL'ICHEVA,, N.P. -, GABRILIHA~, G.V.; LIROVAS.A.
Fermentation concUtionB for organisms producing toy antibiotics
in an experimental plant. Antibiotiki 5 novl:,4,?,-47 Ja-F 160.
(MICA 13- 8)
1. Institut po izyskaniyu novykh antibiotikov AMN SSSR.
(ANTIBIOTICS) (FEWENTATION)
IH
KOVALENKOVAI, V*K.; DAVYDOVAv T.A,; BORISOVA, V.N, Prinimali
,IYARO
:Vq
uchar,tiye; 50KOLOVA# L#B.; PROKHOROVA, T.G.1 SHATILOVA, Z*K.;
MINEVA, L.I.; SEMENOVA, V.So
Obtaining coliwjcin on an enriched medium. Med.prom. 14 no.11:13-16
N 160.
1. Institut po izyskaniu novykh antibiotikov AMN SSSR.
(NEOMYCIN)
'I! 1h 111111
. IVANOV,-K.-V., GAIRILINi., G. V., KOVAIYNKOV, V. K., LIROVA, S. A.,
SOKOLOVA, L. B. (USSR)
"Aerobic Ref.,piration of Actino;hycas circulatus, var. monoVeIni,
Proactino~Vcas actinoides and other Actinomyeetes In Deep Culture
in Fermenters. It
Report presented at the 5th International B-lochemIstry Congrez;s.
Moscow, 10-16 Aug 1961
.TVANOV K K - UVRILTILk. G.V ; KOVATRIKOVA, V.K.; LEROVA, S,A.q
LOVky L.B.; -Prinimali uchastiye- BOY-.'kFf-')KAYA, R.V,p inzh.;
1"I'DICHORMI T.I., Lnzh.; SILATILOVA, Z.L, JnWi.
"ration and respiration of actinomycetes and rwoactinomycetes
sy tibictics in fermentors in relation to biochemical
.nthesizing an v
changes in the culture modia. kntibiotiki 6 no.11:984-989 N 161.
OURA 15:3)
1. Institut po izyskaniyu novykh antibiotiko- A1.91 SSSR.
(ACTINOMYCES) (ATITIBIOTIGS)
IVANOV I
LIROVA, S.A.; DAVYDOVA, T.A.
Determination of the rate of oxygen dissolution and of the intensity
of respiration of micro-organisms.by-meant of gas analyzers. -Lab.
delo 7 no.7:45-48 Jl t61. (HIRA 14:6)
1. Institut po izyskaniyu novfth antibiotikov A14N SSSR,,
(RESPIRATION) (ANTIBIOTICS)
IVANOV, K.K.; LOW, V.S.; SOKOLOVA, L.B.
Respiration of cu.1tures of Actinomyces circulatus var. mono-
mycini. Biosynthesis of monomycin on various culture media.
Antibiotiki 8 no.lsl8-27 3063. (MIRA 16%6)
1. Institut p0 isyskaniyu novykh antiblotik-ov AM, SSSIR.
(AIITIrwyms) (1101-10MYCIN)
(akcTERiOLOGY-CULTURESS AVD CULTURE MEDIA)
GAUZE, G.F.; KHORIN, V.A.; ERAZENIKOVA, M.G.; PREOERAZHE21SKAYA, G.P.
IVANITSKAYA, L.P.; LAVROVA, M.F.; USPENSKAYA, G.A.; GOLIDEMG,
L.Ye.; STANISLAVSKAYAp M.S.; IVANOV K.K.- KOVALENKOVA, V.K.
Monomycin , a new antibacterial antibiotic. Nauch. inform.
OW. nauch. med. inform. ANN SSSR no.109-40 161 (MIRA'16:1.1)
1. Institut po izyskaniyu novykh antibiotikov (direktor - prof.
G.F.Gauze) AMN SSSR, Moskva.
UR/0205/'65/005/,-)02/0243/02h.7
!I T~7
At
radioresistance of :LrradLated animals
SOTJRCE- Radiobiologiyajp Va n
TOPTC TAGS: anLmml, rat, mouse# r tim P itartiem, radiatior.
4
sicimass, single radiation dose, bacteriologic cultvre, antigen,,
lip"', polysewcharidep doeg-adation reaction
P.7 T7 "kT rarz"orr-~-tectiv,~ 4ffect of baoterial antigen aomporento
5379- lfi(' C011 VBJR('-&~r~r idea,, and lipopolysacchaxi:ios) was
i. t 1. t h 91) thFkl, ari de t t 01
Ca
;I
7',
r, 71iiiii
:,I Np
24~hi*a
-Imal,% Vith A a nj?j,O l. r Osol
on
-01
MUR,
m m
IL
i.7
ASSOCIATION- epidemibla-gil
rif
o p!-v qrA M -i ro bc,
PIP I -
'Lo
ur sovit, (-Y11
Taof 0,
3/3
1, F, Hill' P,
'IN,; tfi,l Till; 111 Hi
IVAINOV K.K.; UVAROVA, R.N.; STEPM1,1011fi, L.K.
y
Chenical composition of surface antigens of Salmonella paratyphi B.
Vop. rBd. khim. 10 no.5:4?4-4'19 S-0 t64.
(MIRA 18:11)
1. Otdel radlatsionnoy mikrobiologii i immunologil Instituta
epidemiologii i mikrobiologii imeni. Gamalei ~M SSSR, Moskva.
VIII MI 1
nRLISHCHEIIA, A.P.; IVANOV~ K.K.; SINILOVA, N.G.
Effect" of antigens and the products of their degradation on Lhe
radioresistance of irradiated anirals, Radlobiologiie. 5
no.W43-2247 165,, (Min 18:12)
1. Institut epidemiologii i mikroblologil imeni Gamlel AMN
SSSR, Moskva.
KHASYJiACHTKH, G.D,, kand. telchn. IVANOV, K.Y,, inzh,~ YA,IC'Ft.GOV, I),X
inzh.
Study of new typea of enclosing structures. Transp. strol. 14
no.lOT4,3-47 0 164, (MIRA IS:3)
IVANOV.. K.K. . inzh.
Introducing the use of hydraulic units for tensioning the
reinforcement of reinforced concrete elenents. T-ansp.
stroi. 14 no.12:22-25 D 164. (MIRA 19:1)
I-V AN'17, F. m.
J on tb3 Baaiv rf a
"Raising the rat Content 'n the *Vlj-lk of tht-t EMAt Fri'~Olan Dairy Gattlo
Purposeful Bre3ding Effort." Mlin. HIgher Education USSR, Lgrangrad -Agricultural
Inst., Leningrad, 1955. (Dissertation for the Vlegree of Candidate in Agricultural
S--ences)
SO: 'XI)izimaya Letopis' , No. 22, 1955, PP 93-105
CAL'PERIN, M-A-, ka"d-tekhn.nauk; AR NTOV, V.V.; IVAITOV, K.P., inzh.;
'1,%H-SFJd'MOVA, Z.1. ....... T!'tj,;,.j---.
Studying the effect of prolonged heat treatment on the physico-
mechanical properties of deposited austenitic metal. 8varka .
1:73-85 158. (MIR& 12:8)
(Hard facing--Testing)
(Electrodes-Testing)
(Metals at high temperature)
GALIPERIN., M.A., kand.tekhn.nauk; ARDEMOV,, V.V.2 kand.tekhn.nauk; IVANOV,
K,M., inzh. - -.-I.- -.......-
--------- -- -,
-_ T,endency toward intercrystallite corrosion in austenitic filler metal
depending on temperature and time of aging. SvarIca 2:71-76 159.
(M]M 14; 5)
(Steel-Corrosion) (Metals, Effect of tenperature on)
A~RS: Saychenko, Yu.M., Ivano-,T, K.M. 32-24-6-30/44
TITLE; News in Brief (Kc,_ro_tk-1ye _sodb3hc~~a.)
PMODICAL: Zavoas1mya, Laborator~yaq 1958o Vol 24, Hr 6, pp- 757-758 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: lu.M.Saychenko. of Kazakh State University imeni SX, Kiroir
(Kazakbskky gosudariti~=Vy universitet im. S.M.Ki=m) in co-
operation with G*3. Maksimova worked out a method for the reduo-
tion of the time of ixposuxe in luminescence spectrograms used
for sorting glass. A graph shoym, among other things, that a
quartz lamp serwes as a light source and that light paesea through
the sample into a "horn" where it is absorbed. A o=parison of the
luminescence spectra of various types of glass is said to hw;-e
shown that a decrease of the in-tens-ity of the :Luminescence speo-
tnm takes place with an inerea4a of the iron mutent- in the samples.
K.M. Ivanov of the All-Union Scientific Institute of Coal Research
(VeesoYuznYT. naudmo-issladovatellskiy ugollnyy institut) viork-91
out a speo-ural method making 141 possible to determine zinc in
electrolyte sollxti=5 of up to 0.005%. A spootrograph 13P-22,
a genexator PS-39 7 a mioropbotometer 'YjF -2, as well as an
cam 1/2 autotxansformer TM-10 vAdch regLla*ed 4oltaget f=m 0 to 250 V
-Neww in Brief
32-24-6-30/44
were used. Bismuth was used as inner standard, the method of three
etalons being uBed. A mix-hurt of etalon powder end graphite ma
burned, and for analysis the vlootrolyte solution ma steamed,
dried, and burned with graphite powder. There is 1 figure.
1~ Light 2. Spectroscopy 3. Electrolytes-11-operties
4. Electrolytes-Analysis
Cara 2/2
. . .'4 ": ,,." -; 0
IVU," ~" ;I F - -
of the cooling rate on the propertLes of the austenite-
metal of the weld, Svar,prolzvs 12:7-9 D 163.
(,.jTFLI, 18-9)
1VANOV, K.M.; PWTNUOV, A.M.
Device for bonding standard specimens. Plaut.massy no.6:73-74
160.
NIRA 13:11)
(Plastics) (Adhesion)
Iff 01111"11111i 141,1111"4111, ITINIHI
IVANOII__ ~.- - GAZI ZOVA, 0. ff.
I P--,Nm-
Study of the microstructure of pipes made by irindi-fig on avam.
Plast.massy no.8:29-31 160. (KIU 13:10)
(Pipe, Plaetic-Testing)
IVANOV, Kim Rikhaylovich; RYAZHSK1Y, 0., red.; GOLUBKOVA, G., tekhn.
[seven~.jear plan in five years] Sam' - v piat'. Moskva, Izd-
vo TsKVLKSH "Molodaia gvardiia," 1960. 53 p. (111RA 35:4)
1. Sekretarl Leningradakogo gorodskogo kowiteta Voesoyuno o
Lenitskogo Kommunistichaskogo soyuza. molodezhi (for IvanoT
(Leningrad-Socialist competition)
in~;kiy-,O Fam in
1. 8,--,Y-,)ro--7,apadnyy, inatitat
SA-140ogo khozyays-.v-A, I.eainvrads~ay-a jblastl.
2~ rilavWy zoottldm!k. punkts Reaptiblikanskc!y
.o3r-" pc, ltoro-4-.,
'aborat 4
leningra&lml-a oblasi-2 (Ift.:r Z,)Iotukhin).
IVANOV, K.M., master
Books for climbing 6 - 10 kv. reinforced concrete poles.
Energetik 11 no-7:25 J1 163. (KIRA 16:8)
(Electric lines-Poles and towers)
ADAMOV, O.V.; ~VANOV, K.N.
Length of short threads on pipes of sanitary engineering systens.
Vod. i san. tekh. no.11:15-17 11 '59. (MIRA 13:3)
(Pipe fitting)
137-58-4-6735
Translation from: R(!ferativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 4, p 62 (USSR)
AUTHORS. Tageycv. V.M.,-Ivanov, K.N., Bodyagin, D.Ya.,
Lavrent'yev, B.A.
TITLE. Improving the QUillity Of Steel jnBots and the rechnical arld Eco-
nomic Level of Their Utilization (Uluchsheniye kachestva stall'-
nykh slitkov i tekhniko-ekonornicheskikii pokazateley ikh ispol'-
zovaniya)
PERIODICAL: V sb. : Metallurgiya. Moscow-Leningrad, AN SSSR, 1957,
pp 65-76
ABSTRACT: The re!iults of investigations by Lenitigrad metallurgists in
the theory of crystalli2-ation and the mechanism of the origin of
various types of inhomogeneities in steel ingots are set forth;
new types of ingots for forging and rolling, designed on the
basis thereof, are described. Data on the employment of spec-
ialized forging ingots with smaller shrinkage headswithout
shrinkage head, and with greater taper (10-12%), and on the
use of hollow ingots, are presented.
Card 1/1 1. Steel ingots--Development 2 Crystallization--'rheory A - Sh.
t ft~ikolayevichj SHAKHOVp Mikhail Alekseyevich; ZHWMI-
M
AM., -iftzkr;-f-re-d-.j--bJIILLING, V.A.9 red. izd-va; GVIRTS, V.L.9
tekbn. red.
(New high-strength structural steel 36KbN3YFA with low nickel content]
Novaia vysokoprocbnaia konstruktsionnaia stal* 36KbNWA a-nizkim
soderzhaniem-nike3iao, Leningradi 1961. 17.,-p-, (Lonimpadskii Don '
nauchno-tekhnicheskoi. propagandy. Obmen peredovym opytom. Seriias
Metallovedenie i termicheskais. obrdbotka., no.4) (MIRA 14:7)
(Steel, Structural)
GUBBA, A.A.; ZAKGEY14, Ye~ N.; ZUSMANOVICH, V.M.;
LISITSYN, S*N ; MOZGOV, A.Ya.; PAVLOV, A.S.; PISKORSKIY,
B.N.(deceasedj; USHOMIRSKAYA, A.I.; FINKEL I SHTNO, S.M.;
CHISTOVSKIY, V.B.; SHER, S.Yu.; ADMIOV, O.V., nauchn. red.;
BEYZERMAN, A.N.j nauchn. red.; ZHIVOV, M.S., nauchn. red.;
POGORELTY, P.P.j nauchn. red.; STAROVEROV, I.G.y naucIm. red.;
STESHENKO, A.L., nauchn. red,; TSEYTLIN, M.N., nauchn, red,;
KOKHANENKO, N.A., inzh., red.; VOLNYANSKIY, A.K., glav. red.
[Assembling intericir sanitary equipment] Monta-zh vnutren-
nikh sanitarno-tekhnichoskikh ustroistv. Mookva, Siroiizdat,,
1964. 725 p. (MIRA 17:8)
,Ik~~.4441 0 a of
10 It 11 U 44 It 14 0 61 tt 211 It 2 a. 4, 0 4 off 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iiiiii4l
_AAL_V_Q~ R. 1 14 21 16 It A A 111 11 U U M 0 16 U X to tl it il tj j, a
At a 'IL-fi,
-T V V-L1 I t-' 4-t- k, S t A 9
It ..a .41 Celli-$ I v
00
6 D"mpodfloo of methismial in of the zinc-chrome utsilym. V. A. -00
Pwumov Axt K_ N IvANov f, M." 'I.J. JR.4.) 6. the Wa.
:0 thesis of UeGH is mirsible, *W the wait uptive catalymn -00
04 favor M*011 decomM as well as its synthesis. A study is mack of the dm=pg. -00
actim of the c4wywr ZVO~CrA at ordumy atm premum an th2 meoll sibTady
:0 9 fmmecL The a". prop"am of zoo to crj(h w" 10: 1. 11te CAWY= was Opbi .00
0 ou Fe-fme asbestos to increase Its surface. "a ppuL sbmW be efromd by XuiC(h POO
In= the satm of the nitrates of the metals; when pptg. by Nik the catulyter obtdmtd
0 13 is considerably Jew actim Alta the ppto.. the carbonates an redlu"d by H. Cam --Of
most be taken to avoid excessi sise of timp. during the pnW. of the catwywr. Ilie Zoo
W
ir
;00
40 040
so 0
0
go
ho a
AS
00 0
u 5
1~410 8
A 11 a -L A at TALLUSGICAL 1.11FRATURE CLASSIFICATIOM I too
9z"
Ives
It T-
u 11 10, ;V .
1 9 x it
aft it p tp ty cr 19 of It
a0 0
'0 0 0 a 0 o 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cr 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 q 0 0 0
0_0 0-0 0 0 is so so o 0 * a 0 0 0 0000 0 0 is 0 0 0 o # o a 0 0o0 o * 0 o at
I; a to % a a a a 0 a 4 a a 4 1 a P 0 4 4 Q! 0 9 0 a 0 f 0 0 0 a
0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 a $ 0 0 4-0 0 4.0 a * 0 0 0 0
00
to so
go
so 00
Proportion Of Putt CatAIYWT to asbestos was 1: 1. the totni wt, of Imth being 9.11 C, 96
1
Ap raW.-TheMeOlI (Tom aburctentered a V-shaped gliets tuix, IttAteilita an oil
'
r of
1.
to ISO
t
where It evapd. aM Its vapors Imissed into a dixompa. spit. where they 00
were first heated. then filtered through the catalyzrr. "e products chtained were
cooled to liquefy aDd wit. the undevocapd. MeOlf, the vol. eJ which was measured in a 00
hutM and the lisses wm cotlecteff In gattomettfi; filled with addifird 110). Inifurner 0
so of imp. and spoW.-Ilhe first bubbles of detompr. as appnr at 2#0-8)1; with in.
t their y gradually increases anill becagors particularly noticeable
crMW W pup.
quantit 00
F at 275-M at XW the decoutpit. is already very intrusive. P. and V. MUM it most So
convenient to purrue their investigation at 325', the Mwed of Ixi.Wng in MeOll being
I
, -IM 1. per min. At a greater rate of speed and at a higher temp., P. 1,.
h
k
l 66
00 .
c
ange ts
et p
ace in the character of the dmxnpn. and of the catalyier itself. the
-
WS' while, non
NfeOli decom
5 times faster than at
T
coaden
hl
whit 00
-
.
.
u
e
pg.
cs am
e gs
emitted; then vapors am products of HCHO polynterita", whtrew the eondco-sed
00
product is triazymethylene; the caftlywr blackens and a gray ring of volatilized Zu 00
is formed, Za being reduced at almt Under normal conditiocts of weed and
00 temp. the condensate consists chiefly of MeOlf. whems the gum-s consiot of It, CO go
and COl. SlaWity of Like catal -In sarrentent with the findings of Stnith and
YW. go
Hawk (C. A. 22, 15M) and contrary to the statements of Taylor and lZisdakovskii
00 (C. A. 21, 3FO4) and of P. V. Zimakov (f. Chem. Ind. (Rimia) 3, 1072"(108)). the C(h 0
formed does not act as catslyz" pohm. although it is stiongly absorbed by the cat- 00
00 alyzer. Tile catalym is very stable and after 57 lits. of unintervipted wtck shows no
941
sign of fatigue. HIMMAar, Nw_-iox 00
00 00
00
0
00
00 00
0 6 a 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 a 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0
-I af ---- 4mb A~~Qj
with t
4ft of rttk4
Calm Y,
to.
hum-
if
If t"" at Ca
ftuot. 1.
"ith
V-k
":*b
a,*) Q14 in
of the 8 rrd
Place- ~1~ft of c" the
Petit
d[. Z* 41 3Q. of,
4.qr elf.
bl, Cataippi I
j;74ttivity Zoo 9 -"vv I
lack at the 14 left
of th~ awh as tft,
4" Aft
With R
lb.,k te.
tw
IA~ 4_9
14 Vt,
th
~rsi Colliq
cimmilaft - 4dda 42 at ft?Bt.
C4141 t4 ft" 016% .doltv,
am of
M cook. 73%eAtZf V
all 3
ts ft.
ritt"icia ZM(
t 8u
4. beat lvitAl
I. Of re4ur
mia
tival
t an P.
daa
to
0
pe lion Coutal
t
Iof f",
-1 Z;5 Wall
to
uuiiel~, 14 CC
ju
"so: le mo_
1, V J)
-C. A. I ~k
un,14 4)) ,
0
V
in a C,
rculatinto 1-rem
jaw,
4ovi VN fit,,
41
ftlech. 1r With
4 'Ll
47"k-u 4 at
hir Z P-tuctic', ure.,
~Ocy of "-C'r ialAo"t
mew the C', 0 th
41J.&I 0 ~!#)
d. fine h . k
4it, 11'actin, C nv"t rif
rh SchrKe MCI Fri'
Ydroc~ Iter.11 "til.
Q)4_
Wk. tak
it it.
Athij, it
ro
04 of
fill
ofsoof 141"illat.
Jou
to I'l-1, 401,5 a
(tic
L 4W and
ftqAj"4, 41,11 i*,.
Whik 'I 4exi" n G, Cu
at 310* 4dfln - "ClIN
240t of 91. theo,, - rill.
P"q ppia., Proved fe
M*So 4Cj!j a 4 Init'd most
In
of 4ch t1j"It 211ttl
tcmp- v", airtil"
r 1, 4A$ fit) th,
lot P"_uCt fdy
1:":_rTved It
th rurr.
ft Cm.
__o PrlkV%,
r
a
, 0 0 : Iris 4n
e
-/zoo
"0e
0
coo
f
lye 0
ham
fro,* -
. ill
~_m 4?
4.4d ' * 13
t 0-*31.4
t in 44
--#ft. out
.-,,qute the yicUl be-,wi im CO reached up to 70% when the condensate contalaect
.hout MOA nt MeOll. calf^ BLANC
0*
so
so
so
so
of
00
so
q
i 4 i:i~ i M ;~~ :1~,: I
11111011111~ 4W IV,
MI.III I V INV!, tff MIA 'I WrtIR F" I P I I IW IPT I IN VMi~ 1II
11 j
Ill ~11
-
0 13
a a G a a 0 4
IS 0 0 0 a 0
a
0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 e 0 a 0 0 6 fAvAl"41. 1 0 0 a 6 0 0 41 a 0 0 a 0 0 a 0
03 11 #1 11 It M IS 1& 1; a o J2 it a- a ji z M v a it A-- 11 1) U P. 9 11 11 14 19 0 11 U to
$0 it i
1 U V CC a Or*
a'
I r
a 4
A. L a a 00
00 A Umt-fok
4
t
..D Paco$ .?It% MA 4
-0
00
00 A ,
f$ 'r
MothalsO cattlyzetil. V. A. PLOT-ov AND K, N. IVANOV. J. Grat, Mal. ago
00 0J. S. S. Rat 921~1931), d. C. A. 26, Mi.-Tlii'%y6th61s*fMc0H (turn COnnd
~00
so rest
it, was Stut at to 162 atm., with h*h spred of rvoictins laws throulth the
r=
d
30%
h
f
0 t v
App. an
3
t
e prae, o
vuwm catalywo, ell is a weak culldrit
WOHM-0
f
d
ti
i
b
W
b
d
f
B -60
0 or
ut at
poolortm goo
ac
v
o
ow mostly hydrn-
t ,
spee
gas
g
-
CULIMO Aft FOMcd 10 ift
Oll
KIM
ll th
FIA
M) + 21f
*
.00
so t
e rt"
M:
:
Pm
M
,
O CH. + M.- The addit. all ZnO to Cu produces no appreciable effect, while the addn.
(
l
d
id
df
b1
ff
C
0111111111
f 't n
t"a
u
ec
e
aval
CrAto
e e
ect on thccatalyxii of MrOK, I.Jkeztto,
i
1 4 -
so
Cfs()o bKOITO
fleSective at 11
411 speed of reacting gaws. and instead ov%rcOH. hydro. .
b
d
Th
bi
l
f C
d C
d
Z
O
N
i
l
1 -
car
ms are pro
uce
.
e com
tutt
ou o
an
int an act
ft
ve 3
u.
CO
l
rA 000
0 a catalyst. S. L. MADORIMI-
to 0
so
&S 0
go ro*
us 0
low Zile
L LIUSATURI CLAISINFICATION C-L- ties
%$loll .011 0"T lot 811111
a
7 m
9 AT to alt" L I I Od 0 IN Ill 2 413 a 1
W A I SA
u
I to atlif OrK Stu it
e~
Is 0 a 90049000
0 0 0 0 a 0 e 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 A 0 0 41 0 0 0 6 0 0.0
:
Is 4 q 0 0 0 0 4 a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0