SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT GEGUZIN, YA. YE - GEGUZIN, YA. YE.

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• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
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• Document Release Date: August 23, 2000
• Sequence Number: 11
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

sov/i26-7-4-12/26
Investigatioll of Creep of Metals and Alloys. 6. Diffusion Creep
of Binary Substitutional Solid Solutions
carried out on wire specimens (0-5, 0.6 and 0.2 - 0.3 mm
diameter for Cu-Ni, Au-Ni and Pb-Sn alloys, respectively),
the loads applied in the case of Cu-Ni alloys being
4.6 by 106 dynes/cM2 at 1000 and 900*C, and 12.2 x 106
dynes/cm2 at 800*c, -io prevent the difference in the
grain size of various test pieces affecting the data on
activation energy, the measurements at various
temperatures were taken on one and the same test piece;
the first measurement at 1OWC, the next one at 900 and
the last at 8009C. It was ensured, in thin way, tkiat tkie
variation of I with temperature was associated oniy with
the variation of _rDb. To obtain reliable data on the
magnitude of activation energy, the measurements were
taken on specimens characterised by various initial
grain size. To deteratine the magnitude 0 values of i1
obtained from the creep curve in the steady creep region
were used. The relationship lnq versus 1/T for the
50Au - 50Ni alloy is shown ixt Fig 7. The value of the
activation energy determined from the slope of the curve
Card 8/12 in Fig 7 and equal approximately 45 x 1o3 cal/mol, is

SUV/12U'-7-4-12/26
Investigation of Creep of Metals and Alloys. 6. Diffusion Creep of
Binary Substitutional Solid Solutions
shown in Fig 2 as a full circle lying on the
theoretical curve. The data on viscosity of the Sn-Pb
flystem at 175 and 1600C are given in Table 3 (column 1 -
composition Sn-Pb%; column 2 - TOC; column 3 - I (in
poises)). These data are reproduced graphically in
Fig 8. The experimental and calculated values of I
(at 160 and 17500 and 0 (kcal/mol) for three Pb-Sn
alloys are given in Table 4. Detailed analysis of the
experimental resitIts shows that the observed concentration
dependencies of I and 0 are satisfactorily described by
Eq (10) and (5). It is shown also on the example of
the AU-Ni syatem that Lite value of the activation energy
in viscous flow can be determined by three independent
methods: (a) from data on the coefficients of self-
diffusion of the components of the solution; (b) from
data on latent heats of fusion of the components of the
solution and an the value of the difference of the
displacement energy which can be found from the
equilibrium diagraw;(c) from data on the temperature
Card 9/12 dependence of the rate of viscous flow. In the last

SOV/126-7-4-12/26
Investigation of Creep of Metals and Alloys. 6. Diffusioll Creep of
Binary Substitutional Solid Solutions
paragraph of the paper the author discusses the
possibility of inter-crystalline adsorption during
diffusion creep. It is stated that in every grain of
a polycrystalline specimen subjected to a creel) test
one has to differentiate between two groups of grain
boundaries and that the continuous flow of' vacancies
takes place from the boundaries of the type a on which
the tensile forces are acting to the boundaries of the
type P (see Fig 10, where the continuous, broken and
dotted lines illustrate the flow of vacancies, atoms A
and atoms 13, respectively). At a givezi temperature the
rate of flow of vacancies is a function of' the load
applied to the specimen * _dktom.% A a%d B move in the
opposite direction since Jb =-3A + JR, where ib, JA and
JD are the flows of vacancies, atoms A and atoms B
respectively. Since in a general came DXO: D�, the rate
of flow of atoms B will differ from that of the flow of
atoms A. Consequently, this flow of atoms induced by
CardIO/12 externally applied loads results in change of

sov/i26-7-4-12/26
Investigation of Creep of Metals and Alloys. 6. Diffusion Creep of
binary Substitutional Solid Solutions
concentration of atoms in the grain. If it is assumed
'hat DAB >DBB, the grain boundaries of type a should become
enriched in atoms in A and correspondingly, grain
boundaries of the type P should become enriched in atoms B.
This results in the formation of a concentration gradient
which is directed against the flow oC atoms of the given
type. The magnitude of this gradient will increase with
the duration of the isothermal treatment under a given
load to a certain value (AO/k (K - characteristic linear
dimension of the order of the grain size), which should
be proportional to the load causing and maintaining this
gradient. The above considerations can be formulated in
the following manner: in a polycrystalline specimen
subjected to a creep test there should take place
intercrystalline adsorption, non-howoZeneous along the
grain surface, as a result of which the grain boundaries
of the type a will become enriched by that component of
the solution whose partial coefficient of self-diffusion
is higher due to the grain boundaries of the type P having
Card 11/12 become depleted of this component. There are I() figures,

SOV/126-7-4-12/26
investigation of Creep of Metals and Alloys. 6. Diffusion Creep of
Binary Substitutional Solid Solutions
4 tables and 23 references, 16 of which are Soviet and
7 English.
ASSOCIATIONt KharIkovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet
. (Kharlhov State University)
SUBMITTEW July 26, 1957 (initially)
January 6, 1958 (after revision)
Card 12/1'2

AUTHOR: GejNzin, Ya. Ye. SOV/126- -7-5-17/25
- ---------
TITLE: Inlibatigation of Creep of Metals and Alloys. 7.
(Ii3sledovaniye kripa metallov I splavov. 7.)
Failure Daring Diffusion Creep (K voprosu 6 razrushenii
pri diffuzionnom kripe)
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, Vol 7, fir 6, pp 742-746
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: This article reports observations made in the metallographic
study of' copper specimens which had either fractured in creep
te-sts or were at a stage preceding fracture. In order to
study changes occui-ring In the vicinity of grain boundaries
copper wire specimens, a considerable length of which consisted
of single crystals (bamboo structure), were used. In speci-
mans of such a structure mutual blocking of neighbouring grains
during deformation is practically Impossible, and therefore
changes occurring In the grain boundary can be observed in
ttieir pure form. In order to obtain specimens with a bamboo
structure a copper wire (99.95;6) of 0.5 mm diameter was
Card alternately deformed In tension by 2-31* and annealed
1/4 at a temperature of 10000C. The

O"OV1126-
Investigation of Creep of Metals and Alloys. 7. Failure Darinpg,
Diffusion Creep
required structure was obtained after 4 to 5 cycles of such
treatment. Creep tests were carried out in a quartz apparatus
at 100000 Pth the application of a specific load of
P :.1 10 kg/cm . The txperiments were carried out in a vacuum
of approximately 10-cl mm Rg. Two identical specimens were
simultaneously tested under identical conditions. When an*
of the specimens had fraoturedtho testing of the second one,
which was in a state preceding fracture, van discontinued*
The external appearance and niorostructure"of the specimen was
studied with a metallurgical microscope. Sections etched
with ammonium persulphato, and unstohed sections, were studied.
In. an inspection of wires which had undergone creep testing the
following points were obseryods
(s.) The original smooth wire which had a cylindrical shape
had assumed a st9lLike shape, after testing an a result of
neighbouring grains slipping with respect to one another
Card along their grain boundaries;
2 /14 (1)) The grain boundaries exhibited porosity. The slipping
of neighbouring grains with reapgot to each other is shown

SOV/126- -
Investigation of Creep of Metals and Alloys. 7. F&.Uure During
Diffusion Creep
In Fig.1, in whieh the external appearanao of separate portions
of the specimen Is shown, and in Fig.2, in whieh the oross-
selations of specimens are shown; in certain areas of the
mierostru*turo fine pores, or chains of pores, oan
be seen (see F!Qgp.&3r)a.tO This porosity mav be the result of
coagulation of vacancies. In Fig. 4 tba atonstrXhug of the
alloy after annealing at looo0o for 4 hours is' shown. in
order that vacancies should coagulate the presence of oxide
particles in the grain boundaries is essential. The formation
of coagulated vacancies in a stressed specimen as a result of
large maorosoopio pores can be confirmed as has been theorati-
ce.11y discussed by Pines (Ref.2) and Maohlin (Hof-3) where it
we.9 pointed out that the a* phenomena lead to a shortening of
the specimen's life. Mirkin (Ref.7) has shown that zones
directly adjoining the fracture area of the specimen exhibit
lower microhardness. The authors explain this by an earioh-
mont of the indicated zone by vacancies. The ap earanao of
Card porosity in the grain boundaries as well as th lip of
3A grains relative to each other lead to an inarea3e in the
speoiflo load, and this accelerates the failure of the specimen.

SOV/126---7-5-17/25
Inv9stigation of Creep of Metals and Alloys. 7. Failure Wring
Diffusion Creep
.Card There are 4 figures and 9 references, of which 5 are Soviet, and
4/4 4 English
ASSOCIATION: Khartkovskiy gosudaretyannyy univeraltot im. A. X. Gorikogo
(Kbar I kov State University imeni. A. M. Gorlkiy)
SUBMITTED: July 26, 1957

66890
17.6100 SOV/126-8-1-7/25
AUTHORS; 9~~4u rl, Ya. Ye. and Ovcharenko, N.N.
!~L
TITLE: Relief of Metallic Powderaii
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, 1959, Vol 8, Nr 1,
PP 38-44 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The experiments described were undertaken to study the
surface condition of sintered metal powder objects,
especially the details of pore form to supplement
Geguzin's earlier work (Ref 6) on spheraidization.
Conditions in the bulk of a copper-powder object during
aintering were simulated by polishing one surface and
wrapping in copper foil (to expose it to a copper vapour
at the constant ex crimental temperature). Annealing was
carried out at 10-3 mm Hg, mean particle size (of
electrolytic copper) was about 50 A and initial porosity
was 35-40%. After the annealing the polished surface was
studied under type Mim-6 and MIM-3 microscopes. It was
found that the polished surface becomes covered with
"macroscopic" irregularities about 100'11i apart (Figs 1
and 2). Each of these irregularities contains the
Card 1/3 step-like "natural" roughness (step size about 0.5 IL

668SO
Relief of :Metallic Powders SOV/126-8-i-7/25
previously described by the authors (Refs 1,3) which,
after prolonged annealing generally (Fig 3) but not
always (Fig 5) have equiponderant shapes. At some
points of the surface a pore is bounded by several
particles (Fig 6). Because pore spheroidization is
combined with formation of natural roughness, the
equilibrium pore shape is octahedral. To check their
previous conclusions (Ref 3) on the role of evaporation
and condensation in the production of natural roughness
further experiments were undertaken. In these identical
specimens obtained by compressing copper powders were
annealed in their ow-n vapour at 750, 800, 870 and 9300C,
with periodic interruption to permit examination of the
surface. The time required to produce a given degree
of natural roughness at the different temperatures was
found. The natural logarithm of this time was found to
increase linearly with increasing value of the inverse
of the annealing temperature (Fig 8). The valus of the
heat of evaporation found from this was 80 x 10 cal/mol.
This is close to the heat of vaporization of copper and
Card 2/3 confirms the importance of vaporization phenomena in

668s0
Relief of Metallic Powders SOV/126-8-1-7/25
"natural roughness" formation,
There are 8 figures and 10 references, 6 of which are
Soviet, 3 German and I English.
ASSOCIATION: Kharlkovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet imeni
A. M. Gor1kogo (Khartkov State University imeni A.M.Gorlkiy
SUBMITTED: April 5, 1958
Card 3/3

A A
A 6.'100 67760
")YOO SOV/1265-8-5-12/29
AUTHORS: Ge!-Ruzin, X&Y&O and Oveharenko, N.N.
TITLE: Investigation of the Aeasons for the Diffusion "Activity"
of Crystalline Solids1ront-0nine DIstortiona. It - On
u
!;J.nE-er1ng Ff F(!t-a15 6f G-ilvanic Origin According to
Eb:perimental Results with E.odels
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov I metallovedeniye, Vol 8, 1950,, Wr 51
pp 714-720 (IISSR)
ABSTRAM In this article results of experJmtints are given in which
a porous solid was modelled by a set of short wires of
galvanic origin, I.e. wirez made by the sam(- process by
which "active" powders aro madc. Rxperiments with such
models represent the n,:)xt*. stpp on thc~ -,tay from tho study
of wire models w1th an undiutorted to the study
of the actual powder nbjeetr~. It can bn a5sumed that
experiments with such model-, may p-oduce, addit.lonal
information on the renson-,,- for Uhr- :;pced and
special. kinetics of volanto coiklxactioyi rl* jv~wdor
Card pressings, Cc~pper vlrn.-~, -).f gaiv:inic orjrir. wpro
obtained in a contirucus plzntijir h:th, the l'iyout of
1/6 "it
which is shown in Fig 1. An ttin-i 'to wiro f 50-70 ~i
diameter wds placed coaXJ411y wivh a ryllndrleal coloper
7~

5 0 V/l
Investigation of the Reasons for the Uiffuz;ton "Activity" of
Crystalline Solids containing Distortion,-:. .11 - On Sintering of
Metals of Galvanic Origin According to Kxpcrimcntal Reuults with
Models
ol(ietrode, and the wlr-~, co-ald be mov-d. at a given rata
alonca, the electrode ;.:L.xi:;. A layer of galvzinlc. copper
was &-posited on the wire, and the thick-ne:;-,; or the
was controll-d by v- 'try3.rjfr tho currint d~,niity or
the speed at whi,~-h the wire was moved, A 11-tubo, filled
uith water, wa-, attaehed to, thp otid tX tho batji for
i1nirorm nickness could
washing the filament. A wirq of
be obtained only when thn opper w-is deposited on a
moving wire. Kxperiments with o-,po3ition on a stationary
wi:re have shown that the latter, duc to a fall in
potential along its length, bacomo: conical, The authors
usod an acid solution under the ronoving ocnditionse.
I = 5A/dm2, rate of motion v :- .1 x IC-2 cia/!;cti. The
wire thus obtained was sized by drawing through a diamond
tie) the diameter of which was approximately 5 p less
Card than that of the wire, As the result, small irregulari-
2/6 ties on the wire surface were Ironed out. The specimens
were prepared by a method used before by Geach et al and ~V

67 76',,
'A'OV/126-8-5-12/29
Investigation of the Reasons for the Diffusion "Activity" of
Crystalline '3olids containing Distortions. 11 - On Sintering of
I..'etals of Galvanic Origin According to Experimental '.Ie-,ult-. with
X'odels
Alexander et al (Refs 7 and 8). Tbo wire was wound in
several layers on a copper real of 8 mm diampter.
Winding was carried out on a special davice in which
contact betwoon tho coils could be controllcd by means
of a microscope (,- load of !~i,)proximntoly 100 ,-, suspended
from the wirn during coilin,-, en3ured rognilar close
contact between the coil-1). rhir, i,.if~.thod was used for
the preparation of specimen.-4 of -I,,,alv-inicII and ordinary
wires. 'rho main exporiment5 wore carried out on wire3 of
120 V diameter. Diffu5ion nnnaling, war, carr4ad out in
vacuum at 7509 870 and 1020 00'. Tho nnncalnd roal:; vero
pressed into AIT-1 plistic which polymerizas at
30 OC. Yetallographic sectionz were prep-.rad from
diameter aections of tho reel. Thi structuro was
injpected after repeated polijhin--, and etchin,; with a
solution of ammonium por3ulph,ito in !.,mmonia. 71osults
obtained in three series of ionthcrm--tl annealini., "Ire
shown in Fig,3 2a-B and 3a-,.,. ?17, 1+ 3howo tM cross

sc,vi26 - 8 - 5-12/29
Investigation of tho 2aisonu for the Diffu7,ion ".', ctivity" of
Crystalline Solids containing -Distortions, JI - On Sintorin,, of
Metals of Galvanic Origin According to ~-A'xpnrimarital 3rsults with
Vodols
section of the wire after ann~anling at 750 0' "or 20
C2 'f A
hours 500). ?igs 52 6 and 7 show the cross-5octions
of wire coilr, after annealing at 1020 OU for various
len,grtho of thae (Pig 5 ;,ordin, ry wirej~ Figs 6 and 7 -
wires of "combined" !ipo men7,), The authoro have gained
information about the temperature depondonce of th,-,
effective ~Ielf-diffusion confficietit ralr-tion!;hin batileon
ordinary copper Do and galvanic copper Di (X - ',,)i/Do)
By using the experimental value of ~, at three
di;!ferent tomporatures,*9 and knowing the activation energy
of the process of self-diffusion of copper in an
,o) (I =
equilibrium lattice C'. Ref 8) p the value of %, .0/:).i
can be estimated, where Ij is the activation onergy
of tho 3intering procosS o galvanic wire?;, A, t-tbla on
Page 718 shows values of Z and I for different
temperatures. The relationship between chords which
%'ard form at the boundary between two wires of galvanic origin
4/6
Yjij one wire of galvanic and one of ordin-iry oriein Yjo

67760
SOV/126-8-5-12/29
Investigation of the Reasons for the Diffusion "Activity" of
Crystalline Solids containing Distortions. II - On Sintering of
Metals of Galvanic Origin According to Experimental Results with
Models
and two ordinary wires Yoo has been worked out
mathwatically. The authors conclude that wires of
galvanic origin become fused to each other considerably
faster than ordinary wires. The approach of galvanic
wires to equilibrium is accompanied by a coarsening of
the diffusion pores which are situated mainly along the
grain boundaries. Fusion of wires of the same metals to
each other possessingldifferent'diffusion activities is
considered. Experiments on combined specimens
consisting of galvanic and ordinary wires showed that
the experimentally observed chords agree in magnitude
with those predicted on the basis of the diffusion
Card mechanism of high-temperature sintering.
5/6 There are 7 figures, 1 table and 10 references, of which
6 are Soviet, 3 English and 1 International.
ASSOCIATIONs Kharikovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet imeni
A.M. Gor1kogo; Nauchno-issledovatellskiy institut
khimii KhrjU

67760
SOV/126-8-5-12/29
Investigation of the Reasons for the Diffusion "Activity" of
Crystalline Solids containing Distortions. II - On Sintering of
Metals of Galvanic Origin According to Experimental Results with
Models
(KharIkov State University imeni A.M. Gorikii;
Scientific Chemical Research Institute of KharIkov
State UnIversityT
SUBMITTED: February 16, 1959
Card 6/6

24 (4)
AUTHORS: Aronova, P. N., Geguzin, Ya. Ye. SOV/32-25-5-37/56
Ocharenko, N, xl~
TITLE: On X-ray Photography at Low Temperatures (0 rentgenografi-
rovanii pri nizkikh temperaturakh)
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 1959, Vol 25, Nr 5, P 618 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In the present investigation the standard X-ray camera RKD
(Fig) was used for taking radiograms at temperatures of liquid
nitrogen or oxygen, The adjusting arrangement and the micro-
scope stage were exchanged for a plexiglass cylinder (fastened
with the adhesive BY-2). A Dewar vessel is then put into the
cylinder, and the liquid nitrogen is filled 1%to the vessel.
In contrast with another type of construction (Ref 1) the
sample-is in the present case in d1rect contact with liquid
nitrogenj this method permits also the investigation of materi-
als of very low heat conductivity. The camera modified in such
a way is successfully used for the purpose of investigating
crystal lattice deformations in rock salt and metal powders.*
Card 1/2

On X-ray Photography at Low Temperatures S07/32-25-5-37/56
There are I figure and I Soviet reference.
ASSOCIATION: Kharlkovskiy gosudarstvennyy pedagogicheakiy institut i
Kharlkovskiy gosudarstyennyy universitet (Khartkov State
Pedagogical Institute and Khar1kov State University)
Card 2,2

18(0)
AUTHOR: Geguzin, Ya. Ye. SOV/20-i24-5-23/62
TITLE: On the Diffusion Activity of a Metal of Galvanic Origin
(0 diffuzionnoy aktivnosti metalla gallvanichookogo prols-
khozhdoniya)
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1959, Vol 124,Nr 5, PP 1045-1048
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: The followinG paper describes some experimental results ob-
tained and 4oals with the possible causes of the increased
diffusion activit.7 of galvanically produced metals, Investi-
gation of this problem may contribute towards explaining the
details of ointering in connection with the pressing of
"active" powders. The shrinking of porous pressed specimens
of "active" powders under isothermal conditions takes place
at a decreasing rate. According to present opinions, this in
a consequence of the reduction of the self-diffusion coeffi-
cient with a decrease of d1stortions, and thus a consequence
of the decrease of the diffusion activity of powder granules
in the case of isothermal annealing. In order to obtain data
concerning the cause of increased diffusion activity and its
Card 1/4 reduction, the atithor carried out sititering tests on models
T

On the Diffusion Activity of a Metal of Galvanic ZOV/20-124-5-23/62
Origin
consisting of galvanically produced wires. These wires were
produced by the depositing of copper from an qcid bath onto
a thin copper base (50-70 p). The author carried out oimul-
taneous investigations of three different types of samples
made from a a galvanically produced wire, b) from ordinary
wire, and oi conbined samples, i.e. with alternating layers
of galvanic and ordinary wire. The samples were annealed at
temperatures 750, 870, and 1,0200. Two fig-ures shcw typical
structures. In the course of the investigation of micro-
structures the following qualitative observations were made:
1) The galvanically produced samples are sintered more
rapidly thar. the ordinary ones, 2) The average linear dimen-
sione of pores formed during the annealing of galvanically
produced wires Increase with progrossing time. The visible
pores are in this case distributed among the elements of
macrostructure. 3) The metal of the coating recrystallizes
more slowly then the metal of the baseq and therefore the
structural individuality of the coating and of the bane is
conserved up to more advanced stag03 Of the sintering process.
Card 2/4 The diffusion activity in the range of various temperatures

On the Diffusion Activity of a Metal of Galvanic liriv/20-124-5-23/62
Origin
may be due to various causes. At temperatures at which micro-
distortions vanish, surplus vacancies accumulate In the lattice,
and the existence of these vacancies Increases the self-dif-
fusion coefficient. These vacancies err about in the lattice,
accumulate in the various impurities, and form a very highly
developed network of surface and macroscopic pores. At high
temperatures, at which the microdistortions of the lattice
have practically already vanished, the increased value of the
self-diffuaion coefficient may be due to the following
causes: As a result of the existence of a developed network
of free surfaces in the metal, surface diffusion makes a
noticeable contribution to the expeximentally observable dif-
fusion current. It is by this that the increased degree of
efficiency of self-diffusion near melting point may be ex-
plained. In the case of diffusion of surplus vacancies on the
boundaries of the elements of micro- and macrostructures there
is yet another cause for increased diffusion activity, viz.
the existence of a very highly developed network of free
Card 3/4 surfaces. Diffusion along this surface makes a noticeable

On the Diffusion Activity of a Metal of Galvanic SOV/20-124-5-23/62
Origin
contribution to the experimentally observable diffusion
current. The author thanks N. 11. Ovcharenko for his as-
sistance in metallographical work. There are I table and
17 references,, 14 cf which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Kharlkovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. A. 1.. Gor'kogo
(Khartkov State University imeni A. 1M. Gor'kiy)
PRESENTED: October 69 1950, by G. V. Kurdyumov, Academician
SUBMITTED: October 4~ 1958
Card 4/4

80977
A? FOOO s/i8o/60/000/03/008/030
E19R~1?83
AUTHORS: Geguzin L Ya.Ye. and Oveharenko, (Khar1kov)
TITLE: On the "Intrinsic Roughness" of a Polycrystal
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR, Otdeleniye teklinicheskikh
nau-k, Metallurgiya i toplivo, 1960, Nr 3, pp 48 - 52 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: It is a generally known fact that a polished surface of a
polycrystal specimen, annealed at elevated temperatures,
ceases to be flat owing to the appearatice of a network
of grooves and/or steps, standing out in relief. This
phenomenon has been studied previously by the present
authors (Refs 2-6), who have arrived at the conclusion q1
that this effect is associated with the anisotropy of the
coefficient of surface tension and who, consequently, have
coined a term "intrinsic roughness" to describe roughness
du.e to high-temperature annealing. L.D. Erlikh, who had
also studied this effect, has recently published a paper
(Ftef 17) in which he postulates that roughening of a
polished surface of a polycrystal during high-temperature
annealing is a result of the deformation of a thin surface
layer, which is caused by compressive stresses, set up
in the surface layer owing to its temperature being higher
Cardl/3

80977
s/i8o/60/000/03/008/030
EIRI/E383
On the "Intrinsic Roughness" of a Polycrys
than that of the interior of the specimen. The present
authors reject these hypotheses and describe the results
of soveral recent experiments which give additional
support to their own theory. Thus, when a piece of copper
foil, folded to form a hollow sphere, was vacuum-annealed,
it was the inside surface that became rough (Figure 1),
whereas according to Erlikh's theory, this effect should
be confined to the outside surface. Again. when a single
crystal of NaCl was annealed at 750 C in an atmosphere
of its own vapours, the (100) plane remained smooth, whereas
roughening of the artificially produced (150) plane took
place (Figures 2b and a, respectively), a similar effect
having been observed on single germanium crystals (Ref 14).
Examination of recrystallized copper specimens, heated
under conditions promoting the onset of "intrinsic
roughnessil, showed that side by side with roughened grains
(Fi.Sure 3b) or twins (Figure 3a) there were grains or twins
Whose surface remained flat; those results cannot be
attributed to the deformation of the surface layer due to
Card2/3 the presence of a temperature gradient. Lastly, polished

80977
s/i8o/60/000/03/008/030
El?a~E383
on the "Intrinsic Roughness" of a Polycrys
Specimens of polycrystalline copper were heated at a
constant rate of heating to various temperatures; the
polished surface became rough at temperatures higher than
800 OC, whereas at lower temperatures, slight roughening
of the surface occurred only after prolonged treatment.
Theso observations disprove Erlikh's hypothesis on the part
played by the temperature gradient in the phenomenon under
consideration, since under the conditions of heating by
radiation, the temperature gradient decreases with rising
temperature of the specimen, reaching zero when the
Specimen reaches the furnace temperature. The experimental
results described above, combined with theoretical
considerations leave, in the opinion of the present authors,
no doubt that anisotropy of the surface tension coefficients
plays a predominant part In the onset of "intrinsic
roughness". There are 3 figures and 19 references, 15 of
which are Soviet and 4 English.
ASSOCIATION: Kharlkovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet Nauchno-
issledovatellskiy institut khimi pri KhGU (Khar1kov State
University - Chemical Research Institut)
SUBMITTED: December 3, 1959
Card3/3

GBOUZZY, Yaje.; OTCHAMMIDD. N.V.
Pro;erties wA stlability of distortions In the crystal
lattice* of an electrolytically prepared metal. Ixv.,wys.uchebO
savq; chernemet, no-3:i65-i68 16o. (MRA 13:4)
1. Kharlkovskly gavudaretvenzWy univermitate
(Crystal lattlen) (Notallography)

.. GMGUZIN, Ta.Te.; STAWSZV, V.I.; BLIRAVLEVA. M.G.: MDUTAN, R.A.; IJAMT,
k.~.;-SMMT, A.A.
Cloucliness (AagihsO) of pellets pressed from ionic crystal powders.
Iristallogrefila 3 no.2:295-302 Mr-Ap 060. (MMA 13:9)
1. V%Lrkovskir f lial Vneveyusnogo nauchto-issledovatel'skDgo instituta
khimIcheskikh reaktivov.
(Bait) (Potassium chloride)

69689
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0 0 (,-rj

/Y. F/00 E193/E483
AUTHORSi q!_*uzin,_Ta.Ye..and Kulik, 1.0,
TITLE: Investigation of Cert in Physical Phenomena occurring
;
Xn the Surface of Crystalline
at High Tom eratur:
Su ances. IV. Analytical Study of the Kinetics of
"Self-Healing" of Artificial Defects on the Surface of
Solid bodies
PERIODICALt Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, 196o, Vol 9, Nr 3,
PP 379-384 (USSR)
ABSTRAM When single crystals or polycrystalline substances are
maintained at elevated temperatures, physical changes
occur which lead to a decrease in the free surface energy.
The object of the investigation, described in the present
paper was to derive expressions describing the kinetics
of the process of "self-healing" (levelling) of artificial
surface defects, in the belief that analytical solution
of this problem would assist in the experimental studies
of the abovementioned phenomena. The calculations were
carried out for a defect whose geometry is illustrated in
Fig 1, this shape having been chosen owing to its
F
LCard 1/9 simp.licity and also because it can be easily reproduced

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E193/E483
Investigation of Certain Physical Phenomena Occurring at High
Temperature on the Surface of Crystalline Substances. IV. Analytical
Study of the Kinetics of "Self-Healing" of Artificial Defects on the
Surface of Solid Bodies
experimentally. In the case of crystalline bodies,
three mechanisms of the process of "self-healing" can
be distinguishedt volume diffusion, surface diffusion
and transfer of the material by the vapour phase
(re-condensation). Although these three mechanisms
operate simultaneously, each of them was analyzed
3eparately by the present authors in order to establish
the conditions under which a given mechanism plays the
predominant part. The relative contribution of the
volume and surface diffusion can be assessed from the
first principles of the theory of diffusion (Ref 3 and 6).
For a given magnitude of the gradient, determining the
diffusion flux, th.% r tio between the volume and surface
diffusion fluxes (.1v:1 ') is' in the case under
convideration, given (Ref 3,5) by c-- DvL/D,&
whereo L - width of the scratchl AN - thickness of the
Card 2/9 layer in which surface diffusion takes place; its ~K

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E193/E483
investigation of Certain Physical Phenomena Occurring at High
Temperature on tho Surface of Crystalline Substances. IV. Analytical
Study of the Kinetics of "Self-Healing" of Artificial Defects on the
Surface of Solid Dodies
magnitude is of the order of the lattice parameter at
temperatures near the meltin point. If L 99 10-4 CM9
6 Q: io-7 cm, Dv/Ds % 10-9 CM2/sec, then c =! lo-3,
ie the volume diffusion flux is small in comparison with
the surface diffusion. Although, in the case of large
scratches (L '-:910-1 to 10-5 cm), this conclusion may not
be correct, the problem under consideration was analyzed
under the assumption that only surface diffusion and
re-condensation play a significant part in the process of
levelling of a surface scratch. The factor which, in the
case of both mechanisms, stimulates "self-healing" in the
existence of a chemical potential gradient along the line
joining the flat surface of the crystal with the centre
(root) of the crack (Ref 3,5). The kinetics of the
Process of I'melf-healing" of such a crack are described
by differential equations derived by Mullins (Ref 3) for
Card 3/9 the -rocess of formation of a symmetrical groove between
.P

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E193/E483
Investigation of Certain Physical Phenomena Occurring at High
Temperature on the Surface of Crystalline Substances. IV. Analytical
Study of the Kinetics of "Self-Healing" of Artificial Defects on the
Surface of Solid Bodies
two adjacent grains in a polycrystalline specimen,
Eq (1) relates to the re-condensation mechanism,
Eq (2) to the mechanism of surface diffusion, the
constants A and B being given by Eq (3) and (4)
respoctively, wheret P - equilibrium vapour pressurel
V - volume occupied by one atom in the crystal lattice;
m - atomic mass; n - surface atom density; D, - surface
diffusion coefficientl k - Boltzman constant;
T - absolute temperaturel o surface tension coefficient
assumed to be isotropict 6 interatomic distance
(lattice parameter). The solution of Eq (1) for the case
of scratch illustrated in Fig 1, obtained for the
starting and limiting cond.1tions given by Eq (5)t taken
the form given by Eq (6). Since, under experimental
conditions, it in easiest to determine the variation of
the depth h of the scratch, an expression for h at a
Card 4/9 given moment was obtained from Eq (6); this expression LK

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E193/E483
Investigation of Certpin Physical Phenomena Occurring at High
Temperature on the Surface of Crystalline Substances. IV. Analytical
Study of the Kinetics of"Self-Healing" of Artificial Defects on the
Surface of Solid Bodies
in reproduced as Eq (7), where i a W/g2 represents
dimensionless time. The relationship between h(t)/ho
and T is represented by curve b in Fig 2. When T in
largo, the relationship described by Eq (7) becomes
asymptotic and is given by Eq (7a). Since at T - It
h/ho = 1/2, the half-time of the "self-healing" process
can be obtained from the formula given as Eq (8). It in
pointed out in this connection that if the half-time
2
ti/2 is determined experimentally and if the vapour
pressure of the investigated substance is known, it in
possible to calculate the surface tension coefficient
from the formula given as Eq (9). With the aid of Eq (6),
it is possible to construct curves, representing the shape
of the scratch at various T. Curves of this type,
Card 5/9 constructed for the re-condennation mechanism, are

69689
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E193/E483
Investigation of Certain Physical Phenomena Occurring at High
Temperature on the Surface of Crystalline Substances. IV. Analytical
Study of the Kinetics of "Self-Healinglt of Artificial Defects on the
Surface of Solid Bodies
reproduced in Fig 3. The solution of Eq (2) describing
the kinetics of "self-healing" of the crack, illustrated
in Fig 1, by the mechanism of surface diffusion was
obtained for the starting and limiting conditions, given
in Eq (10). The general solution in given by Eq (11)
from which a formula (Eq (12) ), describing the variation
of the depth h of the scratth with time, was derivedi
in this formula - 16 at/ t represents dimensionless
time. For I > kq( 1) can be determined with the aid
of an asymptotic function, given as Eq (12a), from which
it will be seen that the depth of the scratch varies with
timij, according to h"'t-1/4. Curve a in Fig 2
represents the relationship h/ho a 9(C). Since at
h/hj) a 1/2, the half-time of the "self-healing" process
(taking place by the mechanism of surface diffusion) can
be calculated from Eq (13). From Eq (4) and (13) a
Card 6/9 formula for the surface diffusion coefficient can be L~l

69689
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E193/E483
Investigation of Certain Physical Phenomena Occurring at High
Temperature on the Surface of Crystalline Substances. IV. Analytical
Study of the Kinetics of "Self-Healing" of Artificial Defects on the
Surface of Solid Bodies
derived in the form given by Eq (14). Thus,
experimental data on "self-healing" of surface defects
by the mechanism of surface diffusion can be used for
determining the coefficient of surface self-diffusion.
Qraphs, showing the varying of the profile of the scratch
in time, are reproduced in Fig 4. Regarding the
relative parts played by these two mechanisms in the
investigated process, they can be assessed by considering
the ratio y of the half-times of the "self-healing"
processes, which is given by Eq (15)- it will be seen
th;tt,y depends, to a large extent, on the width of the
sc a h t 0 which means that the re-condensation
mechanism, insignificant in the initial stages of the
"self-healing" process, may play the predominant part in
its final stages. This is due to the fact that as the
width of the scratch increases, so does the diffusion
Card 7/9 path, whereas the rate of transfer of the material by the

0689
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E193/483
lnvestigation of Certain Physical Phenomena Occurring at High
Temperature on the Surface of Crystalline Substances. IV. Analytical
Study of the Kinetics of "Self-Healing" of Artificial Defects on the
Surface of Solid Bodies
vapour phase is independent of the distance.
Unfortunately, in the absence of data on Do,
no qualitative assessment of the magnitude of y can
be roade. However, there is no doubt that as the
temperature of the substance approaches its melting
point, the part played by the re-condensation process
becomes larger since both Po and Do increase
exponentially with rising temperature and the heat of
evaporation is always larger then the activation energy
of surface self-diffusion. The present authors
calculated the approximate value of y for several
metals characterized by low vapour pressure. To simplify
the calculations, it was assumed that the surface
diffusion coefficients are isotropic and that the
crystal lattice in the vicinity of the scratch in in the
state of equilibrium, ie free from micro-defect a,
Card 8/9 Taking Do 10-4 to 10-5 cm2/gec, n Z 1015 cm-2

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E193/9483
Investigation of Certain Physical Phenomena Occurring at High
Temperature on the Surface of Crystalline Substances. IV. Analytical
Study of the Kinetics of "Self-Healinge, of Artificial Defects on the
Surface of Solid Bodies
And I ~ 10-4 cm, the following values of y were
obtained for copper, silver, gold and nickelt
ycu ce 1o-4; yAg % 10-31 YAU Mio-61 yNi -, io-3.
There are 4 figures and 8 references, 6 of which are
SovAet and 2 English.
ASSOCIATION:Khar1kovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet
Kharlkovskiy filial 1RYeA (Kharlkov State University
. . . . . . Kharlkov Branch of IRYeA)
SUBMITTEDt JulY 3, 1959
Card 9/9
5

GEGUZIN, Ya.Ye.) OVOWNW) NON,
processes occurring on tj]e surface
Investigating certain Physical
,af crystalline solids at high temperatureSs Part 5, Self-corr6c-
+Acm of defec, ts purposely produced on the ourfacO Of polycrystalline
-6OPper. Fize met& I wta-Uoved. 9 no. 4:569-577 AP 160,
(Km 14:5)
L Khar kovsiciy gosudaretvannyy universitet im. A.M. Gor1kogoe
I (Metals at high texperatureo)
(Surface tension) (Diffusion)
/02-5
It
5.2 jj~vy
40015
S VtOW jLC'
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for
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of
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tyJ43 jeo 90 jo 'C "J'C- 0 Of 61
V~ao 'jje C.100 SA St SL t.,ee f'.V- C, 0
00C, VaINL2, ible GO. 1peirs' 4L4L%xs 'Pd loe J'ar a'~
-0 IL 035 .0-%j0 mep Cat C
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VLC' ev, ay
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01, 151-,o , tj.11
tt.'olr
0:11
are

80883
s/j.26/6o/ooq/o6/oo/O25
Investigation of Reasons for DiffusioAn-l'AlOMity" of Crystalline
Bodies with Distortion3 V. Reasons for the Diffusion "Activity"
of Metals with MacroscopAc Strur-tural Heterogeneities
atomic vacancies nor reduction in the barriers for their
movement can explain the observed facts. fie goes on to
consider the role of the networic of boundaries and cracks
between the macro- and microstructural elements and micro--
cracks. Although systematic data on diffusion coefficients
along boundaries are not avallable. there are sufficient
i;o compare the solid, boundary and surface diffusion
coefficient for some metals (table). Some direct evidence
on the im ortant role of boundaries, etc. is available
p
(e.g. Refs 15-20, 22, 23, 40). Similar evidence is
provided also by work on the influence of pressure on poly-
crystalline bodies (Pefs 25-28). On the basis of these
views and a simplified model in which undisturbed lattice
alternates with flat gapP ((.omb--1ike structure) the author
provides semiquantitative estimations of the contribution
of boundary and surface di.ffusion to the observed diffusion
flow. He estimates Clio rate of* "healing" by diffusion of
Card2/3 an isolated pore and examine,; the. rolo. of boundaries.and
nP, 777

80883
s/i26/6o/ooq/o6/ooV/025
Investigation of Reasons for DiffusIE01VA/AcHN'ity" of Crystalline
Bodies with Distortions V. Resons for the Diffusion "Activity"
of Metals with Macroscopic Stru< tural I-lo-A.crogenoities
cracks in the s-LnterLng of a cylindixcal pore and shows that
Kuszinslcyla (Ref 24) vleW5 oil this Dire incorrect. He
tamphasises that th#- idea.1i prw;ont(,d in the present article
??rovide no aupport for the vlow (Ref 2)) that the volume
;3brinkage of powders during !itntviing is due mainly to the
diffusiona.) movement of material along particle stirfaces.
,rhere are I toble and 110 references, 25 of which are
Soviet, 7 Englist). 21 German and 6 international.
ASSOCIATIOW Khar-lkovskiy gogudarstventivy universitet Im.
A.M. Gorlkoso (Khar',kov State Universitv LnienL A.M.
Gorlkiv)
SUBMITTED- January 25, 1960
Card 3/3

81903
S/126/60/010/01/005/019
Zlll/E335
AUTHORS: Geguzin, Ya.Ye.., Kovalev, G.N. and Ratner. A.M.
TITLE: Investigation of Certain Physical P cesses Taking
Place on the Surface of Crystallin%odiec at High
Temperature. V1. Method of Determining Coefficients
of Surface Self- and Hetero-diffusion in
Crystalline Bodies W
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov it metallovedeniye, 1960, Vol.10,
No.1, pp 47 - 57
TEXT: The mthors point out that comparatively little information
is available on diffusion on surfaces. They describe their work
to develop a method for determining the surface-diffusion
coefficient and the thickness of the layer in which such diffusion
occurs. The latter has been found to be thicker (Ref-3) than
indicated by calculations where Fisher's model (Ref.1) was used.
In their method many plates (about 100 microns thick) are made
into a pack, along one polished surface of which (perpendicular
to the plates) a radioactive isotope of the diffusing element is
deposited (Figola), There is little direct contact between
Card 1/4

81903
S/126/60/olo/01/005/019
Zlll/E335
Investigation of Certain Physical Processes Taking Place on the
Surface of Crystalline Bodies at High Temperature. VI. Method
of Determining Coefficients of Surface Self- and Hetero-
diffusion in Crystalline Bodies
plates. Diffusion occurs both within a plate and along its gap-
adjacent surfaces, and also from the latter into the plate: a
characteristic distribution Is obtained(Fig.1b). From this, with
equations developed by the authors, the self- and hetero-diffusion
coefficients can be calculated, using a simplified representation
(Fig.2); graphical methods can be used (Figs-3 and 4) for
calculation. The authors go on to discuss the possible role of
gaDeous diffusion, showing that with their size of interplate
gap this cannot be significant: the critical gap width is given
by the square root of the product of the Burface-diffusion
coefficient and the life of an atom on the wall surface. This
conclusion was verified by a special series of experiments in
which iron strips were arranged between two plates, one covered
59
with a layer of Fe . Two sizes of gap were arranged between
strips (Fig.5). Radioactivity of the plates was determined,
Card 2/4

81903
S/126/6o/olO/01/005/019
9111/E335
Investigation of Certain Physical Processes Taking Place on the
Surface of Crystalline Bodies at High Temperature. VI. Method
of Determining Coefficients of Surface Self- and Hetero-diffusion
in Crystalline Bodies
excluding surface diffusion, after annealing at 680 0C. The
authors report preliminary determinations of surface self-
diffusion in alpha iron. Armco-iron strips 9 x 10-3 cm thick,
3 x 10-1 cm wide, were studied by the pack technique, diffusion
annealing being effected In oxygen-free argon at 550, 600, 64o,
650 and 68o 0C. Fig.6 shows an autoradiograph of a specimen and
Fig-7a the distribution of radioactivity with distance from
specimen edge. Fig. 7b gives plots of functions derived from
Fig-7a. Data relating to surface diffusion In alpha-iron are
tabulated and the logarithm of the surface-diffusion coefficient
is shown (Fig.8) to be linearly related to the reciprocal of
absolute temperature. The surface-adjacent layer in which
surface diffusion takes place was found to be several hundred
atom layers thick: no explanation is available of the existence
Card 3/4
Y

61903
S/126/60/010/01/005/019
3111/X335
Investigation of Certain Physical Processes Taking Place on the
Surface of Crystalline Bodies at High Temperature. VI. Method
of Determining Coefficients of Surface Self- and Hetero-diffusicn
in Crystalline Bodies
and temperature stability of such a layer.
There are 8 figures, 1 table and 16 references: 11 Soviet
and 5 English.
ASSOCIATIONS: Kharlkovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im.
A.M. Gorlkogo (Kharlkov State University im.
A.M. Gortkiv),
Ukrainskiy institut metallov (Ukrainian
Institute of Metals,
Khartkovskiy filial IREA (Khar1kov Branch of
IREA)
SUBMITTED: January 25, 1960
VK
Card 4/11

1/0
AUTHORS;
Geaazins Ira. Ye
Mbarenko
67911
S/020/60/130/03/015/065
BO14/BOi4
TITLE.
PERIODICALs
Self-healing of Defects on the 3urface of Crystalline
Bodies at High
Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR,1960, Vol 130, Nr 3,
pp 537 - 540 (USSR)
ABiTRACT% The authors first discuss experiments made by P,I* Lukirskiy
(Ref 1) which showed that spontaneous processes occurring on
the surface of crystalline bodies at high temperatures lead
to a decrease in surface energy, The present paper is intended
to study the decrease in surface energy in the leveling of a
surface with mucroscopic defects, The defects are healed by
volume diffusion, surface diffusion, or substance transport by
the gaseous pha3e, It is noted that volume diffusion is
negligible in this case. According to equation (1), the self-
diffusion coefficient of the surface is determined from the
leveling rate, Tha surface tension of the solid phase is
calculated from equation (2), The uniaotropy of surface tension
Card 1/5 is not taken into account by the above-mentioned formulas. Th*,,

67911
3elf-healing of Defects on the Surrace of S/020J60/130/03/015/065
Crystalline 3odios at High Temperatures B014/BOi4
"half-lives of healing" were compared to one another according
to (3) in order to determine the relative part played by the
two mechanisms in healing. For crystals with high vapor
pressure, especially for ion crystals, the substance transport
by the gaseous phase Is described to be predominant In healing.
This was confirmed by experiments on the healing of scratohee
of rock-salt crystals, Text, the authors describe experiments
on high-temperature leveling which were made with copper free
of oxygen. Annealing was carried out Oin a vacuum,oprotectiveo
argon- or hydrogen atmosphere at 600 C, 7W,r,,850 C, and 950 C.
An interfernmeter was used for ob:-.ervations. The diffusion
coefficients de~crmined from the leveling kinetics are
consistent with those mentioned in publications, In view of the
fact that a smooth profile of the scratch developed in healing,
the authors assumed that the surface was covered with a thin
amorphous layer. They arrived at this conclusion because of
similar results obtained for glass. This is, howeveri inconsint:n-t
with electron diffraction studies carried out in experiments
with metals. In this connection the so-called Bayley layer in
Card mentioned. It is assumed that thia behavior reiulta from a thin,/

67911
Self-healing of Defeoto on the Surface of 3/020/60/130/03/01~/065
Crystalline Bodies at High Temperatures B010014
hyperfine surface layer whose elements are strongly deoriented.
Accordingly, the coefficient of surface tension seems to be
aniaotropics The resistivity of the thin layer to recrystalliza-
tion apparently consists In a partial disconnection of the
structural elements, which is caused either by condensates on
the surface of the structural elements or by oxide layers.
There are 2 figures and 12 references, 8 of which are Soviets
ASSOCIATIONt Institut khimii pri"Khar-kovskom gosudilrstvennom universitete
ime A&M* Gorlkogo (Inatitute of Chemintry at Kharikov State
University imeni A.1i._G_or'kiy)
PRESENTED: October 8, 1959, by P.A. Rebinder, Academician
SUBMITTEDt September 28p 1959
Card 3/3

5/020/60/135/004/017/037
B019tfBO77
AUTFORt Geguzin, Ya. Ye.
TITLE: The Influence of Pressure on the Coalescence Process and the
Healing of Microporosity in Crystals
PERIODICAI: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1960, Vol. 135, NO-4, PP. 829-832
TEXT: The influence of a universal pressure on the coalescence and healing
of micropores caused by plastic deformation was investigated. In the first
part, some estimates of this influence are given on the basis of the
following-equationst G-SZ
Alpr - Ir - I tr - io('+ rkT
~p iP - Joexp(-PR/kT)
r denotes the vacancy excess of the defective surface with a radius r if
a pressuxe P is applied to the crystal; ir and IP are the vacancy conoen-
trations near the defective surface or far away from it; jo is the vacancy
concentration in the crystal without pressure; Gis the surface tension;
Card 1/3

The Influence of Pressure on the Coalescence S/020/60/135/004/017/037
Process and the Healing of Microporosity in B019/BO77
Crystals
and R is the volume of a vaoancy. The change of vacancy concentration under
pressure is considered to be caused by the change/of the pore radius. An
effective radius -r - r/(I+QkP) is formed, with 4-r 267. There is a critical
pore radius above which the pores start to grow by decreasing excess
vacancies or other pores. The critical pore radius is given by
J./~J)267Q/M The relation between the critical radii under pressure
and without pressure is given by r* - r*/(l-PP) with r0126. From these
estimates it follows that the healing o? micropores is very pressure-depen..
dent. Experiments with single crystals of sodium chloride and polycrystal-
line copper showed that the estimates and conclusions were correct. Single
crystals of sodium chloride subjected to plastic deformation lost their
transparency. Annealing under normal atmospheric pressure at 5000C brought
back thei= transparency after 30 minutes. Annealing at 5750 and 6500C under
pressures of up to 50 atm accelerated this process considerably. The Cu
specimen was annealed at IOOOOC and pressurized up to 50 atm. Here again
a coalescence of the pores and a collecting recrystallizati:)n was observed
in the metallographic specimens. These results are explained by the fact
Card 2/3

The Influence of Pressure on the Coalescence S/020/60/135/004/017/037
Process and the Healing of Microporosity in B019/BD77
Crystals
that the portion of the diffusion coefficient which is determined by the
diffusion of the surface is larger in bodies with microcracks. Estimates
showed thnt this portion outweighs the portion of volume diffusion by a
factor of three. I. M. Lifshits, V. V. Slezov, and L. M. Polyakov are
mentioned. N. N. Ovoharenko and L. N. Paritskaya are thanked for their
help in thea experiments. There are 4 figures and 8 references.
ASSOCIATIOM Kharlkovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. A. M. Gor,kogo
(Kharlkov State University imeni A. M. Gorlkiy)
PRESZNTED: June 27, 1960, by P. A. Rebinder, Academician
SUBMITTEDt June 20, 1960
Card 3/3
77F

FEDORCIMNO, Ivan Mikhaylovich; ANDRMVSKIY, Rostialav Alekaandrovich;
BALISHIN, M.Tu,j kand, tekbn.nauk,, reteenzent; BOOK, B.A.j, kaM.
tikhn.nauk, retsenzent; prof., doktor fiz.-mat.nauks
rettsenzentj SLMSONOVj O.Y.9 prof.p doktor tekbn.naukp retsenzent;
P)KROVSKAYA, Z.S., red.; KADASMICH, O.A., tekhn. red,
[Principle of povdar metallurgy] Oanavy poroshkovoi metallurgiis
Kisvp Izd-vo Akad.nauk USSR, 1961. 420 p. (HIU 14-.12)
(Powder metallurgy)

11 (90
AUVIORS: Geguzin, Ya. Ye. and Folyakov,
TITL_*-': Investigations in the field of
effect of a uniform pressure on
macro-defects in ion crystals
20129
S/161/161/UO3/CO2/027/050
B102/B212
L. M.
crystal ceramics. Il. The
the healing kinetics of
PERIODICAL: Fizika, tverdogo tela, v. 3, no. 2, 1961, 520-527
TEXT: The presont paper Is a continuation of Ref. 13 (Geguzin and V. I.
Startsev, Kristallografiya, ~, 2, 1960) and brings results of an experi-
mental and theoretical investigation which has been performed to study
the influence of uniform ressure on the healing of defects (coalescence
of poren and micro-orack93 occurring during plastic deformation of NaCl-
crystaln. Samplesomeasuring 5 * 6 - 15 mm (natural rock salt) have
been heated to 650 C for two days and after that cooled down slowly.
Samples without any defects have been selected for the test. In order
toprodui:e micro-defects (of one macnitude smaller than the wavelength of
visible light) in these samples they have been deformed with an exponential-
ly increasing load. An increase of light scattering could be observed
Card 1/0

20129
Investigations in the field... 3/181/61/003/002/027/05C)
b1021B212
during the deformation process. The mean loade applied (cf) varied be-
tween 1250 and 1350 g/mm2. Th:n I the de orned samples have been exposed
to heat treatment in an autocl ve (60 cms) under uniform pressure (argon).
After this, the light scattering has been studied at room temperature
using an ultramicroscope. Several test series have been performed, in
order ts obtain useful results (isothermal treatment at 400, 500, 600,
and 7001C at 1-50 atm, during T - 30 min). The results are shown in
Fig. 1: 1 - (io-ib)/('n-'b) as function of pressure at four different
temperatureal where i. is the intensity of the light scattered in the
crystal, in is that after cryntal deformation, ib is the intensity of
the background. rhe time dependence (v) of the light transmittance of a
crystal at p - const, T - const (5000C, 1, 30, and 70 atm) has been
investigated in another test series. The results are shown inoFig. 2.
The temperature dependence i(t) at a constant h8ating rate (10 /m~n)
has been studied also for 1 and 30 atm. At 100 C a noticeable healing
procesz; can be observed. The results may be interpreted in terms of the
diffusion theory. At given test conditions and a given value of the
relative superBaturation of a crystal having the vacancies 0:1 11 ) there
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20129
Investigations in the field... S/18 61/003/002/027/050
B102XB212
is a critical defect dimension r*, at which defects larger than r*
coagulate at the expense of those smaller than r r is given by
r 26Q/At U, where 5? is the crystal volume per atom. It can be
expected that a uniform pressure promotee this coalescence, i.e., heals
small pores. The excess vacancy concentration 6 P near the ourface of a
Ir
pore with a radius r (under the influence of pressure p) is given by
A'p p, where ia the vacancy concentration near the pore
~r " jr ip fr
surface, that far from the pore. These two concentrations are de-
termined by (I + -~l 5~4 ), JP - Fo exp(-pg/kT). The change of
Ir ' fo r kT
if a pressure is applied, may also be expressed bythe change of the
pore radius (r is substituted by "r): 26 -Q . I , Ld 5? - exp(-pS?/kT).
- kT r kT
r
For pQ/kT < 1 , Tr - rAl + ap), where a - r/2cf; analogously, the following
Card 3/5

Investigations in the field ...
S/181/61/003/002/027/050
B102/B212
expression is valid for the critical dimensions if pressure is aprlied:
r ro/(I-Pp), where 0 - r#126. It is shown that experiments car. be well
0
described with these formulas. The experiments also show that under
otherwise equal conditions the same healing effects (observed via light
transmittance) may be obtained by either raising the temperature or the
pressure. I. M. Lifshits and V. V. Slezov are mentioned. There are
4 figures and 13 references: 12 Soviet-bloc.
ASSOCIATION: Kharlkovskiy filial IRYeA Fiziko-tekhnicheakiy institut
AN SSSH Khar1kov (Khartkov BrRnch -f TRYeA, Institute
of Physical Technology AS USSH, Rharlkov)
SUBMITTED: May 30, 1960
Card 4/5
M_

GEGUZIN, Ya.Ye.; OVCHARENKO, N.N.
Investigation of certain processes on the surface of single crystals.
Part 3. Kristallograftia 6 no.2:239-243 Mr-Ap 161. (MIRA 14:9)
1. Kharlkovskiy gosudar3tvennyy universitet im. A.M.Gorlkogo
(Surfaces, Deformations of) (Rock aalt crystals)
:'7 a~"j ~-,-r,.;
, ~; -

GEGUZIIIj Ya.Ye.j OVCHAUNKOp N.M.
Investigating certain physical processes occurring on the surface
of crystals at high temperatures. Part 7: Rofe of viscous flow
in smoothing out roughnesses on the surface of a solid, Fize
met. i metalloved. 3.1 no. 5s807-" My 161. (MIRA 140)
1, Institut khJjdi pri Khartkovokom gosudaretvennom universitets,
(Surfaces (Technology)) (Viscosity)

S/126/61/012/00'L/005/020
B193/480
AUTHORS; G:~uzin, Ya.Ys., Ovr-harenkof N.N., Paritskaya, L,N,
TITLE: Investigation of certain processes taking place on the
surface of crystalline sqbstan,~es at el6vated
temperatures, VIII. Con~erntng the t;haracter of
levelling tip of s--rrt--hes on distorted surfaces of
polycrystalllne coppvr
PERIODICALi Fizika metallov i met6llovedeniye, 1961 Vol.12, No.1
pp.42-46 + 2. plates
TEM The results of an earlier invebtigatirin carried out by the
present authors (Ref.l: FM 196o. 9, No.4, 569-, DAN SSSR, ig6o,
130, No.3, 537), showod that the pro~-esa of lerelling up of a
scratch on a flat surfare of a POLY:rYstalline specimen Is affected
by its structural state. Thu,3, it s,~ratch on the surface of a
specimen that had undergone prolonged pr6liminary annealing did not
disappear upon subsequent holding (it elevated temperatures but only
changed Its profile In acerrdAnte with the orientation of the Srains
relative to the polished surface, On the other hand, a scratch on
the surface of a preliminarily deformtJ speg.-imen levelled up at a
rate which Increased with in-,rej&ing degrt:e of preliminary
Card 1/4

S/126/61/012/001/005/020
Investigation of certain E193/E480
deformation. The object of the present invebtigation was to
obtain additional data which would help in formulating an
explanation of these effects. To thIs end the change of the profile
of scratches on the surface of both ele~:troLytic.ally deposited and
cast, prolycrystalline copper wAb studied. The scratches were made
with the aid of a diamond pyramid indenter with an angle of 136*
between opposite faces. The tests were zarried out in hydrogen, on
specimens wrapped up in coppe: fall to minimize the effect of
volatilization. An interferotneter was itaud to keep track of the
changes in the profile of the 5ztAtthem. In the first series of
experiments specimens of op V eleztrudeposited at a current
density of 0.5 and 10 amp/J5, and Lt cast copper specimen (turned,
ground and polished) wert ~,tudied. Upon holi.ing at 950*C,
scratches or oil these threu bpezimens levelled up. The rates of
levelling of scratches on copper electrodeposited at 10 amp/dm2
and on the cast specimen with the surfaze daformed by ma-chining,
were about the same and faster than that. of the scratch made on
copper, eloctrodeposited at 0.5 amp/Jm2. In the second series of
experimentai, similar specimens wore used whlt-h. however,, had been
given a four-hour annenl at 950"C before Inscribing the scratches.
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S/126/61/012/001/005/020
Investigation of certain E193/E480
The preliminary annealing slowed down the rate of levelling up of
scratches during subsequent heating for all three specimens. The
rate of atilt-healing of the scratch on copper electrodeposited'at
10 amp/dm2 remained faster than that for copper deposited at the
lower current density. Since the density of electrodeposited
metal decreases (in the case of thin deposits) with the distance
from the first deposited layer, the object of the next series of
experiments was to study the behaviour, of scratches inscribed on the
surface of copper electrodeposited to a thickness of 0.5, 1, 2 and
3 U on annealed, copper &trip cathodes. It waa found"that the
thicker the deposit the faster was the rate at which the scratch
levelled up on subsequent heating. Finally, it was found that
(other factors belng equal) the rate of levelling up of scratches
inscribed -an electrodepoatted copper depended on the direction of
the,scratch relative to the d*irection of the current during
electrodept).sition. The results obtained are discussed in terms of
the effect of struttural defe,;ts on the self-diffusion mechanism of
levelling tip of the surface zi~zat-~hes. It is postulated that the
experimental facts may be explained It it is assumed that side by
side with eurfac:e diffusion, subsurface diffusion takes place In a
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s/126/61/012/001/005/020
Investigation of certain ... E193/E480
layer which is considerably thicker than the interatomic distance of
the metal. The fact that the profile of the scratch remained
smooth during the levelling up prozess In all the cases studied was
attributed to small degree of anisotropy of the coefficient of
surface tension of copper, and to the presezi:e of misorientod
elements of a dispersed structure in the surface layer. The
results of the present investigation are in agreement with those
obtained since by J.M.Blakely and H.Mykura (Ref.7: Act& met., 1961,
9, No.1, 23). There are 9 figures and 7 references: 5 Soviet and
2 non-Soviet. The two references to English language publications
read as followat Moore A.J.W., Acta met, 1958, 6, No.4, 2931
Blakely J.M. and Mykura H, Acta met., 1961, 9, No.1, 23.
ASSCCIATION: Institut khimli KhGU Kharlkovskiy gosunlversitet
(Institute of Chemistry, KGU Khartkov State University)
SUBMITTEDi October 3, 1960
Card 4/4

S/126/6i/012/oo6/o15/023
E021/E535
AUTHORS: Geguzin, Ya.ye. and Paritakaya, L.N,
TITLEi Recrystallization in polycrystals with macroscopic
pores
PERIODICALI Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, v.12, no.6. 1961,
900-907
TEXT: The influence of pores on recrystallization in of
practical interest since components made by powder-metallurgical.
means ofton contain pores. Pores can also form during the
process of' creep of metals and alloys. The retarding influence
of pores on the movement of grain boundaries is first discussed
from a theoretical point of view. Results are then given of
experiments carried out on porous brass from which the zinc had
been partially removed at a high temperature, and on polycrystnlllxv~
copper in which pores had been introduced by thermal cycling.
The retardation of grain boundary movement by pores during
recry3tallization is shown by microphotographs of cx-brass. The
poresprevetnt the movement of the grain boundary in their immediate
vicinity causing the grain boundary to become bent. The
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Recrystallization in polycrystals -, S/126/61/012/006/015/023
E021/E535
experiments on copper were more complete. Recrystallization of
porous copper was carried out in an argon atmosphere. A polished
surface was observed during recrystallization and microphotographs
were taken at various stages. It is shown that the boundaries
which are thickly populated with pores are extremely stable and
do not migrate over long periods of time. The migrating
boundaries are locked at pores and thus become bent. The
observations agree with the theoretical expectation that, from
energy considerations, a pore should be situated in a grain
boundary and not within a grain. The effect of pressure was n1so
studied, using samples of porous copper, the pores of which were
mainly in the grain boundaries. Annealing was carried out in a
water-cooled autoclave at a maximum pressure of 100 atrit produced
by argon, Under these conditions the number of pores decreased,
and the average grain size increased with increase in pressure,
There are 5 figures and 14 references: 9 Soviet-bloc and 5 non-
Soviet-bloc. The four latest English-language references read as
followat Ref.21 Burke J.Trans.AIMME, 1949. 180, 73j Ref,3s Beck P.,
Holzworth. M., Sperry P. Ibid, 163- Ref,7. Mullin W. W, J,Appl.Phys.,
1957, 28, 333; ]Ref,8; Greenough A,P. Na-ti3re, 1~1.50, !66, ')04,
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Recrystallization in polycrystals ... S/126/6i/O12/oo6/oi5/O23
E021/E535
ASSOCIATION! Kharlkovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im.
A. M. Gorlkogo
(Kharfkov State University imeni A. M, Gor'kiy)
SUBMITTED: March 20, 1961
Card 3/3

p-1 Vq ~j"620/61/141/003/006/021
24-1 ?104/BI25
AUTHORS: Goguzin, Ya. Ye., Oveharenko. :1. N,_ iT. P...-itskaya, L. N.
TITLE. Interactions between vacancies and Frain bounduries
PERIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Doklady, v. 141, no. 3, 1961, 603 - 606
TEXT: When studying the physical properties of polycrystals at high tempera:-
tures where the mobility of atoms and vacancies is very high, the inter-
action between vacancies and grain boundaries plays an important role. The
authors investigated the grain boundaries as locations of prevalent con-
densation of excess vacancies and the formation of macroscopic pores and
grain boundaries as preferred places for the discharge of excess vacancies
from the boundaries of the polycrystal. It is assumed that pores located at
grain boundarifis will consist of two semi-pores. The profile of such pores
is determinkA by the mutual orientation of grains and by the surface energy.
The existence of surface energy between grains will change the equilibrium.
conditions along fracture lines of the pore profile, and this will cause
pores to move along the boundaries (Fig. 1). To estimate the angular change
of the fracture line of the pore profile, the relation d' - 247 (C08& _00800
ik 0
Card 1/3

U
5/020,61-/141/003/006/021
Interactions between vacancies ... B104~B125
is introduced, vhere 6' denotes the surface energy at the boundary. The
0 E
author finds the relation ot* 0 (A - ln26"4), where the po--nt angle of the
0
pore is zeroo and obtains ok*,;x,,20 - 300. Here, E. - Gb/4t(l -V)j V)~
A = 4V I - v)Bk/Gb 2, where G denotes the shear modulus, b the Burgers vectox;
V Poisson's ratio, B k the dislocation energy of a nucleus. This represen-
tation explains why grain boundaries partly free of pores car be observed in
metallic polycrystals. The formation of grooves along grain boundaries at
the crystallization boundary is ascribed to excess vacancies in polycrystals,
which are due to various causes. The effect of the pores on the formation
of grooves between grains is attributed to a coalescence process of the
pores. This assumption in corroborated by various experimental data on the
bulk distribution of grooves. There are 4 figures and 7 references: 4
Soviet and 3 non-Soviet, The two references to English-language publicatiom
read as follows: W, T.'Read, W. Shochley, Phys. Rev,, 78, no. 3 (1.050);
W. W. Mullins, J. Appl, Phys., 28, no. 3 (1957).
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S/02 61/141/003/006/021,
Interactions between vacancies... BiNYW25
ASSOCIATION: Institut khimii Khstr'kovnkot;o -..-jtv(-nn:)go universiteta
im. A. M. Gor1kogo (Institute of Chtimistry :)f Kharlkov State
University imeni A. M. Gor'kiy)
PRESENTED: June, 20, 19619 by P. A. Rebinder, Academician
SUBMITTED: June 120 1961
Legend to Fig. Is (a) Diagram of the change of the ore profile under the
influence of an intermediate-phase surface energyj N) pore located
symmetrically to the boundary; (c) pore located anymmetrically.
TV
Fig. I
IN
Card 3/3

11 02
U120 611141100410061019
is B102 B104
AUTHORSt Geguzin, Ya. Yo., and Paritakaya, L. N.
TITLE% Effect of expansion of a localized porous zone in a crystal-
line body
PERIODICALe Akademiya nauk SSSR. Doklady, v. 141, no. 4, 1961, 633 - 835
TEM The authors theoretically and experimentally investigated the
expansion of a porous zone in a metal when heated. The object under
observation was a crystalline body consisting of a porous and a compact
part, the latter surrounding the former. The process of coalescence was
accompanied by a diffuse expansion of the porous zone with the internal
energy of the system decreasing and its entropy increasing. From the
thermodynamical standpoint this process was similar to the expansion of
an ideal gas into the vacuum. It is theoretically described on the
basis of formulas for the,diffusion of vacancies (B. Ya. Pines, ZhETF,
16, 1, 1946) . In the porous zone, the concentration of vacancies is
74her than the equilibrium concentration hence a vacancy flux 111 be
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32302
S/020/61/141/004/006/019
Effect of expansion of a ... B102/B104
observed through the interface between porous and nonporous zone, which
is given by jm -D L_~- - D 2a A- ( 0 - coef f icient of surface ten-
b r aV kT
sion,11 - volume of an atom, Db, Da, - diffusion coefficients of
vacancies and atoms, respectively, 1: - mean radius of the pores). New
pores are formed on the vacancies diffused and, therefore, this process
equals a shift of the interface into the compact zone. This effect
differs from the diffusion effects which occur at the interface of two
different metals as a result of the variety of the partial diffusion
coefficients (Kirkendall effect, Frenkell effect). A series of experi-
ments were carried out to verify the theoretical resultat Cylindrical
samples of an initial porosity of 15~# were molded from copper powder
(grain size- 50P). They were annealed and, at the same time, partial
sintering took place. Subsequently, they were molded in small copper
tubes with. the press plunger also consisting of copper,and the porous
copper cylinder was entirely surrounded by nonporous metal. Then, the
samples wetre subjected to heat treatment at two different temperatures
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Effect of expansion of a 0.0
32302
S/020/61/141/004/006/019
B102/B104
and different holding times and, finally, the radial dis-.ributions of
pores were examined metallographically. It became obvious that the
pores primarily diffused into the nonporous metal along the grain
boundaries, and that chains of pores were formed. After 50 hr holding at
10600C, the copper jacket became completely porous. There are 4 figures
and 8 referencest 6 Soviet and 2 non-Soviet. The two references to
English-language publications read as follows: R. Resnik, L. Seigle,
J. of Met. 2, No. 1 (1957); A. Smigelskas, E. Kirkendall, Trans. AIME,
T. P. 2071 (1946).
ASSOCIATION& Kharlkovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. A. V. Gort-
kogo (Kharfkov State University imeni A.M. Cor'kiy)
PRESENTED: June 20, 1961, by P. A. Rebinder, Academician
SUBMITTED: June 16# 1961
Card 3/3

PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/6339
Ge azin, Yskov_YeYAAyemJ_Ch_
Makroskopicheskiye defekty v metallakh (Pikeroscople Defects In
Metals) MDecow, Netallurgizdat, 1962. 252 p. Errata slip
inserted. 5450 00085 pr1nted.
Ed.: A. K. Natanson; Ed. of Publishing House: Ye. N. Berlin;
Tech. Ed.: L. V. Dobushinakaya.
PURPOSE: This book in intended for scientific and engineering
personVel of metallurgical and machine-building plants and
scientific research Institutes. It may also be useful to
students of schools of higher technical education specialim-
Ing In the field of physics of solids,
COVERAGE:, The book reviews theoretical and experimental studies
of the mechanism and kinetics of processes taking place at
high temperatures In metals with macrodefects (scratches,
ridges, cracks, poresp etc.). Important characteristics of
Card 1/v/

Macroscopic Defects in Metals
SOV/6339
metals, such as heat resistance and rupture strength,
are discussed. The author thanks S. Z. Bokshteyn, M. A.
Krivolglaz, I. V. Smushkov, I. N. Lifshitz, and A. K. Natan-
son for their comments and assistance. There are 358 ref-
erences: 218 Soviet and 140 non-Soviet.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Foreword 5
Introduction 7
Ch. I. Vacant Sites in the Crystal Lattice 11
1. Vacancies In the crystal lattice 11
2. Supereaturation of the lattice by vacancies 20
Ch. 11. Roughness of the Surface of Crystalline Solids 29
3. Single crystal with equilibrium shape 29
4. Microroughness of crystal faces 32
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S/12o/62/000/001/013/o6i
E073/E335
AUTHORS: Goguzin, YaoYe. and Shpunt, A.A.
TITLE: Producing thin crystalline scintillating plates
by the high-temperature forming method
PERIODICAL- Pribory Ltekhnika eksperimenta, no. 1, 1962,
59 - 6o
TEXT: In solving problems relating to spectroscopy of
elementary particles the necessity arises of using very thin
scintillating single crystals. The production of such thin
films from massive single crystals by grinding involves
17
considerable difficulties. The authors produced such films
by hot-forming small pieces of CsI(Tl) single crystalS in a.
press mould between two parallel plates at 500 - 600 Ce 9
load of about 0-5 tons was used for producing a 50 - 60 ~t thick,
2 CM2 film. The resulting films were optically transparent and
did not suffer "ageing", which had been observed for thin plates
produced by pressing-finely-disperse-powders. The energy
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S/12o/62/000/001/013/o6i
Producing thin crystalline .... E073/E335
resolutions of a typical series of thin CsI(Tl) film a18 btained
in investigations with a-particles, E =-5-3 MeV (Fo were
as follows:
No. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Film thiclmess, IL 100 80 100 80 110 100 120 90 90 90
Energy resolution, -
8.2 8 7-3 7-Z 6-3 5.8 6 7 6 7.2.
The above data indicate that plastic deformation of a CsI(Tl)
single crystal at an elevated temperature does not impoverish
its scintillating properties and that the films are suitable for
use as scintillators. There is 1 table.
.-Abstractor's note: this in a slightly abridged translation.1
ASSOCIATION: Vsesoyuznyy nauchno-Issledovatellskiy institut
Card 2/2 monokristallov (All-Union Scientific Research
Institute for Single Crystals)
SUBMITTED; May 20j 1961

3/226/62/000/005/001/007
9202/9135
AUTHORS: Goguzin, Ya.Ye,q and Ovcharenkog N.N.
TITLE: Microscopic pyenometry of solids with microcavitios
PERIODICAL: Poroshkovays metallurgiya, no.5. 1962, 15-19
TEXTs it is observed that instead of using the experimentally
difficult and occasionally ambiguous method of low scattering of
X-rays in determining the volume of discontinuities (cavities)
where
?pyen
Pxrsy
it in ponvible, when A is small, to use ordinary metallographic
method as long as the samples are subjected to high temperature
6nnealing prior to metallographic observation. The annealing
causes diffusional coalescence of the cavities which increases the
overage covity size. With cubic lattices, and certain other
reservations it in possible to connect tho pycnometric. and X-ray
porosity and the number of thermal treatment cycles (n) with the
energy of vacancies formation V 0 vizi
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Hicroscopi.c pycnometry of solids ... s/226/62/000/0031001/007
E202/EI35
I Vpycn
U0a-KT log I
exray
Usin copper it was found that for n = 5Q (with tempering from
65o fC). the number of pore N~-2.5 x loO cm-3, the average size
of pores L = 2.7 - 3 x 10-t cm, i.e. epyen = 0-999925 I?xray
and UO = 20 - 22 kcallmol. The above method is particularly
suitable in studying the formation of friable electrolytic
deposits and in other comes where there are small discrepancies
between o and There are 1 figure and 7 tables.
.pycn exray'
ASSOCIATIONs KharIkovskiy ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni
gosudarstvennyy universitet in. A.M. GorIkogo
(Kharskov order of the Red Banner of Labour, State
University imeni A.M. Gortkiy)
SUBMITTED: February 5, 1962
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3/226/62/000/005/002/007
Z071^435
AUTHORS: Paritakaya, L.N.
TITLE: On the diffusion coalescence of pores in crystalline
bodies with a boundary network
PERIODICAL: Poroahkovayn m*tallurgiya, no-5 1962, 20-25
TEXT: Coalescence of pores was studied in polycrystals,of
electrolytic copper and of cast copper after first subjecting the
latter to 100 cycles,of heat treatment; quenching from 650*C in
cold water. Specimens of porous copper (10 x 6 X 2 mm3) were
annealed in a vacuo at 900, 1000 and 1050*C for various periods
up to 27 hours. Then, the size distribution of pores was studied
metallogrisphically in arbitrary cross-see'tions of the specimens.
For this purpose after each annealing.treatment a layer of about
0.5 mm thick was mechanically removed from the surface of the
specimen; according to control experiments the layer removal
has no distorting effect on the distribution of pores. The effect
of grain boundaries on coalescence of pores was studied by
determining the time-dependence of the average size of pores both
in the interior of the grisins and at the grain boundaries. These
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S/226/62/000/005/002/007
On the diffusion ... E071/E435
experiments were conducted on specimens given a preliminary
stabilizing treatment an a result of' which the total length of the
grain boundaries remained practically constant (luring the
experiments. The average size and the rate of growth of pores
at the grain boundaries were somewhat greater than those of pores
inside the grain boundaries. In addition, the time-dependence of
the total length of the grain boundaries in unstabilized specimens
was also determined. Tt is shown that at an early stage of
annealing there is int-eraction between the boundaries and the pores;
the stage of' detachment of the boundaries from the pores is
followed by a stage of transfer of a part of the pore3 to the
boundaries which in time become stable. The experimentally
observed coalescence of pores in its advanced stage can be
described b;~ the,~inetic law_previously established for single
crystals; 11 --t 3 (where R -mean pore size, t - time).
In regions rich in pores, coalescence may not be accompanied by
sintering - a decrease of the total volume of pores, taking place
with the aid of the diffusion mechanism. There are 7 figures.
Card

S/226/62/000/005/002/007
On the diffusion ... 9071/z435
ASSOCIATION: Kharlkovskiy ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni
gosudarxtvennyy univermitet im. A. M. Gorlkogo
(Kharlkov Order of the Red Banner of Labour,
State University Imeni A.M. Gorlkiy)
SUBMITTED: February 5, 1962
Card 3/3

GJSG+L'[N, IcL.Ye.; LIFSHITS,
Mechanism and kinetics of "healing* an Isolsted pore in a
crystal-line body. Fix. tver. tela 4 no.5:1326-1333 My 162.
WIRA 15: 5)
1. Kharikovokly goaudaretvonnyy univoreitet imerd A.M.
Gorlkogo.
(Diffusion)
(Crystal lattices)

h3l1h
S11811621004101110121049
B1021B104
AUTHORSt Geguzin, Ya. Ye., and N. N. Ovcharenko, N. N.
TITLEt Kinetics of thermal etching at interfaces of annealing twine
in gold and copper
PERIOVICALt Fizika tverdogo telat' V. 49 no* 11, 1962, 3110 - 3116
TEATs The kinetics of the development of "thermal-etchJng grooves" &long tXI
the lines where the interfaces between coherent annealing twins and parent
grains intersect the free grain surfaces were investirated experimentally.
A theory for this process has been developed ~y W. W. Mullins (J. of Appl.
Phys. 28, 3, 1957); see also J. of Appl. Phya; 22, 448, 19511 Phil. Nag.,
6, 67, 937v 19611 Acta Metallurgica, 5, n6. 6, 346, 19571 and Kristallo-
grafiya, 6, no. 1, 1961. The theory for the formation of symmetrical
grooves is mentioned (01 911 - W). Anisotropy of &; is
taken into account, and 2 (GsoinP 4cr ATIAJ coop) (see Fig. 1 ). The
ol Wr
.results obtained by Mullins are used to calculate the rate at which a
groove 1:3 deepened at the interface of twine
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s/iel/62/004/011/012/049
Kinetics of-thermal ... B102/B104
I . ( ., -, 2
D ?.Q1v
10- (YkRt-3-1)" - 0,
where Dsis the surface diffusion coefficient. Vi'; the lattice
constant,l). 1/&2 (surl"ace density). Eq.(5) is valid for small angles of
~- In general, grooves of various depths are formed along the lines
where the interfaces of twine intersect the surfaces of the samples. If
J,h - h2-hIand assuming.cosg'!-l the following expression is obtained
,1h =Td3,
(7).
T = 2B'1' = 2 D"7'Q'v
Experiments were made dir very pure gold and copper samples. The shapes of
the prof'Lles were measured with an11411-4 (MII-4) microinterferometer. The
annealing twine either were found to be symmetrical, i.e. the profile
showed notches only, or they were antisymmetrical, i.e. the profile showed
notches and cusps alternating. Such formations were observed in gold as
well as in copper. Most of the investigations made With antisymmetrical
twine were made with gold annealed at 9500C. The value for Qt/V amounted
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S/181/62/004/011/012/049
Kinetics of thermal ... BIN/B104
2 3 2 go, -8
to 64 er cm , where r - 1.4-10 erg/cm 4.07*10 cm, D 9-4,10-6t/sec
T_ 9594. The effec - + 2196- confl with
a
nd 0 live boundary energ;
cosp=~I was found to be 148 erg/cm 2 -ej-2119d'a 20 erg/cM2 and
fr/Irz 0.014, which agrees well with values from other authors. There are
i s
7 figures.
ASSOCIATIONt Kharlkovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. A. M. GorIkogo
(KharIkov State University imeni A. M. Gor'kiy)
SUBMITTEDi June 12, 1962 "Ift
Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of the dell
forces acting on a notch or cusp. - --Wl-
ell,
61 ~110.,
L
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0115
8/181/62/004/011/013/049
B100102
AUTHORSt Gegusing Ya. Ye.t and Oycharenkog N. N.
TITLEs The anisotropy of the coefficients of surface diffumion of
metals
PERIODICAL: Fizika tverdogo tels, v. 4, no. 11, 1962, 3117 -.3123
TEXTj A study ia made of the influence wh1ch natural rugosities on the
surface of crystals exert on the anisotropy of the coefficients D a of our-
face diffusion. D was obtained from the smoothening, due to diffusion at
9000C, of the wedge -a ha ped scratch produced on.the surface of polycrystallbo
samples of Cu, Fe and Au, To prevent the.amoothening being affected by
!evaporation or by oxygen the samples were wrapped in foils of the same
material and annealed in an atmosphere of dry hydrogen. The depth h of the
wedge-shaped Bcratchee was determined by an interferometric method.
h - h' 1, where-h is the interferometer depth of the scratch, d the
d 2 1
distance between the interference lines and A the wavelength. The scratch
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S/181/62/004/011/013/049
The anisotropy of the coefficients ... B100102
intereecta the steps of the-grain surface in thv-different grains of the
polycrystal under different-angleo. Depending on the mutual positions of
the scratzh and the steps, the scratch has different depths for different
times of annealing. The data show that the value of the self diffusion
coefficient D,, along the steps of the crystals exceeds that of the
coefficient D, perpendicular to the stepa (Fig- 7) by 1.5 orders of
magnitude. As a first possible cause of the difference, the relation
between Dj. and the coefficients D1 and D2 of the two surfaces formed by
the step is discussed. The existence of potential traps which increase the
activation energy of diffusion in the corresponding direction is given as
the second possible cause of the difference. For further clarification,
the temperature dependence of D, and DT is to be studied. There are
7 figures. It
ASSOCIATIONs KharIkovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. A. M. GorIkogo
(Khartkov State University imeni A. M. GorIkiy)
SUBMITTEDs June 12, 1962
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7777

S/070/62/007/006/010/020
E132/E435
AUTHORS: Goguzin, YA.Ye. Koryakina, V.V., Kharitonova, L.S.
TITLE: udies of proces3es on the surfaces of single crystals
IV. Ifigh temperature processes on the surfaces of
arbitrary sections or ionic crystals
PERIODICAL: Kristallografiya, v-7, no.6, 1962, 903-909
TEXT: planes not naturally occurring were cut,by sawing followed
by polishing, on single crystals of NaC!, KC1 and LiF. They were
cut corresp(;nding to the planes (1210), (130), (140), (150) and
(180). Initially the planes were flat to the limits of the
resolving power of the inicrointerferometric method. The specimens
then underwent thermal treatment during which,their surfaces were
examined by the microinterforometer at'intervals and the structure
of the relief was determined. In the first series, specimens of
NaCl were annealed in quartz ampules. At 780 and 750*C some loss
of weight wits observed. Asymmetric steps appeared having one
large flat ;side and one stooper stepped escarpment. Those were
called the simple and complex slopes respectively. With time the
character of the steps changed non-monotonically being sometimes
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5/07o/62/OO7/oo6/oiO/O20
Studies of processes ... B132/E435
diffuse and iiometimes coarser. Five such alternations were
observed for (120)-cut NaCl before a final shape resulted in
which both slopes were 26*35' which is close to the angle of
tan-l 0.5 which the (100) plane makes with the plane cut.
If at is the surface energy of the initial surface then
at = as + sc (as is the surface energy of the simple slope and
pc that of the complex slope). It has been shown that
cos 0 where A is the angle of the complex slope. This
.~ratio was plotted against time for each cut. In a second series
"e,'heating took place in an isothermal enclosure where material which
evaporated did not return to the surface. No diffuse stages were
observed even for 50 hours of annealing. A further series chocked
that the transport of material occurred through the gas phase by
noting the slowing which occurred when nnnealing was carried out
under 80 atm of argon. There are 8 figures and 2 tables.
ASSOCIATION: Kharlkovskiy gosudarntvonnyy universitet,Vsesoyuznyy
institut monokristallov (Khar1kov State University,
All-Union Institute for Single Crystals)
SUBMITTED: December 28, 1961
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S/126/62/013/002/oo6/oig
E032/E314
AUTHORS: Ratner, A.M. and Geguzin, Ya.Ye-
TITLE: Study of the origin of diffusion activity of
crystalline bodies with defects. VI. On the
effective diffusion coefficient in polycrystalline
bodies
PERIODICAL: Fizilca metallov i metallovedeniye, V# 13, no. 2,
1962, 214 - z18
TEXT: It is pointed out that the.true diffusion coefficient
should depend not only on the presence of a network providing
paths of easy diffusion displacement of atoms but also on the
presence of individual macroscopic defects such as pores and
cracks. The authors discuss in the present paper the diffusion
of matter (in the special case - a tracer isotope) in poly-
crystalline bodies with a developed network of intergrain
separation boundaries. It is assumed for simplicity that the
diffusion coefficient along these boundaries D. is independent
of the structural properties of the boundaries. Since this
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s/i26/62/0l3/Oo2/oo6/olq
Study of' the origin of o ... E032/E314
coefficient is assumed to be considerably greater than the
body-dil'fusion coefficient DV 9 the material diffuses mainly
along the boundaries and only "leaks throuAhIl into the grains.
Two limiting cases are examined, namel-- >> 6 and 4 Z-,~, e ,
u-here -C is a characteristic linear dimension of a grain and
,6 is the depth of penetration of the material into -the body of
the grain during a particular experiment. Expressions are
derived for the effective diffusion coefficient of the poly-
crystalline body in terms of the statistical properties of the
distribution of the above boundaries and the coefficient D.
An estimate is also made of the upper limit for the linear
dimensions of a pore or crack, for which the effective
diffusion'coefficient remains unaffected.
There are 3 figures-
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S/126/62/013/002/Oo6/oig
Study of the origin of .... E032/E3111
ASSOCIATION: Vsosoyuznyy institut inonolcristallov i
stnintillyatorovKliarllcovslciy gosuniversitet
(All-Union Institute of Single Crystals and
Scintillators, Khar1kov State University)
SUBMITTED: March 27, 1961
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S/126/62/013/004/015/022
Elll/E435
AUTHORS; G aritskaya, L.N.
TITLE: Inter-grain channels on the surface of a polycrystal
with macroscopic defects in the structure (in porous
bodies)
PERIODICAL; Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, v.13, no.4, 1962,
591-598
TZXT: In defective-structure bodies the effects leading to
normal formation at high temperatures of channels along grain
boundaries can be intensified. With porous bodies the process
can be complicated by the diffusion of vacancies from pores to the
specimen surface along the grain boundaries. Modern views are
that boundaries play a very important part in the compacting of
porous bodies and suggest that sintering is accompanied by
intensive development of inter-grain channels. This effect of
pores can also be considered as being a pore-coalescence effect.
The object of the present work was to check the correctness or
those views and to oonfirm them qualitatively, thereby obtaining
additional information on the peculiarities of diffusion processes
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Inter-grain channels
in bodick; with
compacts). The
qualitatively the
development on
Specimens wrapped
8000C. For an
treatment of W.W.Mullins
poi-ous bodies,
vacancies from
coefficient for
coefficient of
observations, such
Sintering can be
(through the arrival
7 figures.
S/126/62/013/004/015/022
Elll/E435
macroscopic defects (particularly in powder
interferometric method was used to study
kinetics of inter-granular channel
copper specimens with various pore-type defects.
in copper foil were annealed in hydrogen at
evaluation of the kinetics the authors extend*the
(J. Appl. Phys.', v.28, no-3, 1957) to
taking into account the additional diffusion of
pores. They show that the effective diffusion
the process is 20 to 30 times greater than the
surface diffusion: this is in line with other
as the disappearance of surfacj scratches.
explained in terms of surface channel development
of vacancies) and'disappearance.' There are
ASSOCIATION: Kharlkovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet
Institut khimii KhGU (Kharlkov State University
Chemistry Institute KhGU)
Oo#
SUMNITTED: July 17,J961
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P
3/053/62/076/002/003/004
B117/B104
AUTHORS Geguzin, Ya. Ye., Oveharenko, N. N.
TITLE: Surface energy and processes on the surface of solids
PERIODICA'~: Uspekhi fizicheskikh natik, v. 76, no. 2, 1962, 283 - 328
TEXT: This is a survey on progress achieved in the investigation of
processes taking place on tile surface of single solids which are in
equilibrium with their own vapors. The survey comprises studies dealing
with the following problems: Method of determining the surface energy of
solids; "natural roughnesell of crystal surfaces; variation of tile surface
profile of single crystals and polyerystals, development of intergranular
thermal etching grooves; liquid films on the surface of cryatalline
bodies. Finally it in pointed out that further studies must be under-
taken and a few problems are posed whose solution is of great importance
for the development of this branch of solid-state physics. e. g., working
out experimental methods for determining the surface energy of solids;
study of processes taking place on the surface of solid alloys; effect of
gases dinsolving on the surface, on surface tension. Apart from being
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S/053/62/076/002/003/004
Surface energy and processes ... B110104
of purely scientific interest, studies of surface processes may also be of
great practical importance. This refers above all to the possibility
of producing perfect surfaces by applying the so-called "thermopolishing",
a procedure which produces a smooth flawless surface by applying high
temperatures without necessitating special treatment. V. D. Kuznetsov, 1.
V. Obreimov, Ye. S. Trekhov, 1. M. Lifshits, V. 11. Slezov, A. A. Chernov,
P. I. Lukirgkiy, G. G. Lemmleyn, 11. 0. Kliya, 1. A. Oding. M. G.
Lozinakiy, 3. E. Khaykin, 11. P. Bene, Ye. D. Dukova, A. I. Bublik, B. Ya.
Pines, L. S. Palatnik, Yu. F. Komnik, A. V. Shubnikov, K. Mazanets, Ye.
Kamenskaya, M. G. Shaskollskaya, 1. hl. Lifshits are mentioned. There are
37 figures, 5 tables, and 127 references: 64 Soviet and 63 non-Soviet.
The four moEt recent references to English-language publications read as
follows: John p. Gilman, Direct Measurements of the surface energies of
crystals. J. Appl. Phys. ~I (2) 2208 (196o); R. Euernsey and J. Gilman,
Proc. Soc. Exper. Stress Anal. ;960;_11. hlykura, The variation of the surface
tension of nickel with crystallographic orientation, Acta Metallurgica
(6), 570 (1961); J. M. Blakely, 11. I~ykura, Surface self diffusion
measurements on nickel by the mass transfer method, Acta Metallurgica 2
(1) (1961).
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GEGI!Zl"t Ya. Ye.
"Eelvavlor of Isolated rorosity In cry.-Aalc a" high temrer:~tures
under the Ef:7ect o~% Gas rressure."
TITLE: The "ixth All-Union conference on Fow,]~r '~'et~llurmrv (Keld at
I- - Q 1 1,
M,osc.ow, 21 Nlovrmber 1962
SCURCE: Foroshkovaya metallurglya, no. 3, 1963. r. 110

RAMTS) V.L.
Study on cryatal coramice. Part 3,, lzv. vyB. ucheb. zav.; fis, no.
4:106-112 '63. (MIRA 16:9)
1e Kharlkovskiy gosudarstveraiyy universitet i Vscsoyu-.nyy nauchno-
isaledovatellskiy inBtitut =nokristallov.
(Ceramics)

5/181/63/005/003/029/046
3102/B180
AUTHORS: Geguzin, Ya. Ye., and Dzyuba, A. S.
,rITLE: Interaction of macroscopic pores in a solid
?ERIODICAL: FIzika tverdogo tela, v. 5, no. 3, 1963, 891-896
:VEXT: The atthors consider two relatively large pores close to one
another and calculate the possible distortions of the stress and diffusion
fields caused by their interaction, and assess the kinetics of the
processes accompanying the approach of their centers. This was
experimentally studied with macroscopic pores 10- 1 -10-2cm diam in
artificial X&C1 crystals grown by the Stokbarger method. Samples with
suitable, close, pores of equal size were selected and studied under the
microscope. The pores were healed by heating in an autoclave (argon
20-30 kg/cM2:,)700-7500c). The experimental results are plotted as
1/10 W f(d/d , where 1=L+2R is the distance between the pore centers and
d-2R, the pore diameter. The experimental values lie on the theoretical
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S/1 8 1/63/005/003/029/046
Interaction of macroscopic pores in ... B102/B180
curves, calculated from
2'
V~./R R2 R )2 , where v is the rate with whichthe pore
(LtR) (ltL/R
centers approach. There are 5 figurea.
ASSOCIATION: Kharlkovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. A. M. Gorlkogo
(Kharlkov State University imeni A. M. Gorlkiy)
SUBMITTED: October 299 1962
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j'j&d4_63 EWP(q)/W(_m)/BDS . AFYTC/ASD JD,_
JACCESSIM NR: A113001292 S/0181/63/005/006/16V/1696
1AUTHORS: Oe-guzirt, YR. Ye,; Kovalevi G. N..
1ITME: Investigation of diffusio4 on the surface of polycrystalline metals
'SCURCEi Fizika tverdogo7~~ A no, 6, 1963, 1687-1696
jtCK-C TAGS; sur:'Iace diffusion, Ag, Ni, Au. dislocation, oxidation-reduction,
flaominated sampl,i1j, vacancy
!APSTRACTi'The authors have made use of a method previously advanced by them (Ya.
lye. Geouzin, G. H. Xovalev, and A. M. Ratner, FMM, 10, 1, 1960)--the "lairdnated
isemple" method-to investigeto surface diffusion in the systems Ag*-Ag, Ag*-Nit and
1P,cr*A-.x (the asterisks representing the diffusing component). The coefficients of
jsvrface diffusiom they obtained are shown in the following expressions%
D,Aj'-Ajr'-0.3ezp =I~Sw
DAl-fil-22.4expt-16000
r; -IThe'authors determined the thickness of the surface layer in which diffusion take
-20 at
plsoe to be on the order of 10 omic layers. They discuss several possible
Card--
z-, ~41