SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT M.I. FRADKIN - N.G. FRADKIN

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• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000413530001-4
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 13, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

Detection of anomalias in the ... s/56o/6l/ooo/oo8/oio/oio
EOWE514
heminphoro of InrKo negative magnetic anomalion (Rof.41
B. M. Ynnovnlriy. Znmnoy magnotim. N. . GITI, 1953), 1. o. r0,,,, on&
in which tiin ningnatic, field otrength in lower than the norrmai'
field ntrangth. A. J. Dooolor (Hof.5t J. Geoph. Roc., 611, 71,
1959) has ou~,Xoatod that negative anomalies may act no ain!:z for
the charged partioloo in radiation balta. V. L. Gin=bur-, haz
pointed out to the pronant. authorn that T. D. Carr, A. G. Snith
and H. Bollfinzon (RafAt Phyn. Rev. Lett., 5, 41o, 1960) have
discusnod the variation in the intenzity of radio-uravea of Jupiter;
and have pointed out that the longitude dependence of thin intan-
sity becomon undaratnndablo if it in assumed that there are
magnetic field anomalien on Jupiter. In auch rogiona the charged
particle concontration will be enhanced and there will be an.
incranno in the radio oniaoion. This affect mAy be analogous to
the increano in the intensity of radiation in the roZion. of
magnetic anomnlion reported in the present paper. Acknowledgments
are oxproafte,' to Professor V. L. Ginzburg and Profecoor
N. A. Dobro-1-1 for their advice. Thera are 2 figures and
6 references; 4 Soviet and 2 non-Soviet.
SUBMITTED: December 27. 1960
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KURNOSOVA, L.V.; LOGACHEV, V.I.; RAZORENOV, L.A.; )LRADKIII, II.I.
Radiation effects at a great altitude. Prir.,da 50 no.4;85-87
Ap 161. (KIRA 14W
Io Fizicheskiy inatitut im. P.N.Lebedeva AN SSSR, HDakya,
(Connie radiation)

KURNOSOVAp L.V.) LOOACHINt V.1.1 IJAZOREMOVO L,A.1 I-ROKIN, m.1.
Radiation effoots at a great altitude, Priroda 50 no, 4;86 Ay 161.
(MIRA 14W
(Altai Territory-Coal)
0

32285
D226/1)304
AUTHORS: Kurnonova, L-Va, logachov, V.L. Xolobyaninn, T-N-t
Razoronov, L,A,, 51rotkin, 1,A., and Fradkin, ILL
TITLE; Discovery of radiation anomalies over the Atlantic
Ocean's southern nart at heirht-i of 310 340 km
n,).
I I 1~7 no. 8,
t.7 hn
y
flow of (0-
N,~,ar th onuato.~ 1"'I mt.~, CrI
w r~n
being
anonalouoly high radiniian -A*n(:111,~--~ tie of the ,%tlan-
tic Ocean's southern part (250 and 50113, Cc, wid 55'~",;). A SouthLrn
anomaly, situated betwuon 50 - 650S and 50017 - 400--, vas detected
at a height o~4 340 km. An increase in the intensity was recorded in
the northern hemisphere in the area 60 - 650111 and 130 - 1700E. This
Card 112 -

3228~
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Discovery of radiation anomalies D228/D304
anomaly was only observed on one orbit of the catollite's trajec-
tory, is unstable in time and in poonibly related to the outer ra-
dintion belt. In the authors' opinion the South Atlantic and Sou-
thern anomalies are connected rith The existence of large nogntive
magnetic-anonalies in the southern hemisphere, i.e. regions in
which the magnetic field-strength is less than the normal intensity
for the given geomagnetic latitude. [Abstractor's note: Complete
Translation),
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32719
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21-(0000 D045/DI14
A11THORSt Dracun, G. S., Kurnosova, L. V., Logachev, V. I.,.R
_a1zorenov L. An
31rotkin, I. A., und Fradkin, Lt. I.
TITLEt Equipment for invostigrating the nuclear components of cosmic rays
installed on space rockets and artificial earth satellites
SOURCE: Akademiya nauk SSSR. lakusstvennyye sputniki Zemli. No. 9,
Yoscow, 1961p 06-110
TEM Equipment installed on the third Soviet artificial Earth natellite
and on upaco rockets, for invostigatinC the nuclear conponentB of =:-mic
rays, in described. The results of the measurements carried out with the
aid of the described devices have alreadjv been published in previous issues
of the journal. All the devices consist of the followine basic elements:
a charged particle detector (intogral Cherenkov counter); an electronic
system for amplifying signals, for selecting the required ionizinz events and
for otorina them; and elements for matching the photomultiplier output with
the input of the electronic circuit and the output of this circuit with the
radiotelemotric system. A block diagra= of a unit for recording the nuclei
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32719
V560/61/000/009/G09/0,09
Equipment for investicatini; the D045/D114
of coomic ray3 in Civen In fig. 1. The Cherenkov counter can be uced for
investigating temporary chanCen in the intensity of the nuclear coz.ponvnt
and the dependence of thin intensity on distance from the Earth. Thrv advan-
tat;eo of the counter are that the radiotechnical device used is relativeL,
zimple and that a sufficiently large number or particles can be rc,-i3tered
por unit of time. Tho.dinadvantnee of its use is that the quantity of licht,
divided in the detector, and the numbnr of photooloctrons taken from *1111,
cathode of the photorultiplier In small, and conouquently the value of the
output pulse in small and largo statistical fluctuations occur. A device
for measuring the characteristics of Cherenkov counters and aeveral anpects
of calibration arc denoribod and Illustrated. It in ututed that the in3tru-
i,:(.-nto for meaouriji(; the nuclear components of cozzic radiation inctalled on
tho first and second space rockets had an additioneLl channel designed for
rek;istoring radiation in an area of increased radiation ;ntensity. A VhM
increase in Intensity wan observed at distances of 27-10-' km (first roc Zet
and 17-103 kin (second rocket) in an area later called the inner radiation
belt. A block diagram of one version of the electronic system is shown In
fiG, 17- As can be soon from the figure, information on the condition of
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32719
S1560J61100010091009100~
Equipment for in-ioatiCatinG the ... D045/1)114
tho trii;Corn of the nocumulatinG nystrtm can be trawimittad through the
radiotel,_,r.jntrio system. The followina partfi of the radio system are des-
cribod'and illustratods emitter folloyor; flip-flop-callfi; and rurszation
collo. The described parts voro used in doai~;nin,,, devices for r.Qa.-,urinC;
nuclei bcyond the cdae of the atmos,,horo; depending on the probl=s not
vrid the -otital conditiont~, a final coloction of the parw.-iotern wsw i;,~ade and
cnijentinl chant;oo ir, individual elements carried out. Two diaj;rwj nro in-
eluded ahowinG the "ranaomont of dovicou for roGiutorin.-, nuclei vith (1)
3 nnd Z :> 15, Pnd (2) Z > 2. The authors thank radio tachniclan
A,arovakiyj laboratory worker V. RaZhin and donif;nor G. YoC;orov for their co-
operation. There aro 29 fiCuros and 7 Soviet references.
SUBLUTTED : April, 17, 1961
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11-ILI60 D299/D302
AUTHORS: Ginzburg, V. L., Kurnooova, L. V., Logachev,
V. I., Razorenov, L. A., Sirotkin, I. A., and
Pradkin, M. I.
TITLE: Study of chnrged-partiole intensity during the
flight of the 2nd and 3rd Sputnike
SOURCE: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Inkuootvennyye oputniki
Zemli. no. 10. Moscow, 1961, 22-33
TEXT: During the flight of the 2nd and 3rd Sputniks, the flow
of charged particles at g1titudes between 187 and 339 km and
latitudes of -65 to +65 wan recorded by means of a telescope
consisting of 2 ro%va of gas-discharge countere;.the telescope was
part of measuring equipment for cosmic rayo. As a result of the
measurements, the intensity of the charged particles and its
latitude dependence were determined. The counting rate Ncand
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33305
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Btudy of charged-particlen... D299YD302
the global intensity J gl at various latitudes are listed in a
table. It wav found that at all latitudes the recorded intensity
was several times higher than the intensity of cosmic rays re-
corded in the stratosphere and in free space biyond the earth's
magnetic field. This difference in particularly noticeable in
the region of the geomngnotio equator, where the measured inten-
city was nix times that of cosmic rays. Several regional anoma-
lies of Intensity were observed, apparently related to the anoma-
lies of the earth's magnetic field. For the entire track of the
space-shipo, detailed graphs were made of the time dependence of
the intensity and hence of its dependence on geographical coor-
dinatea and altitude of the space-ship. From these graphs, mape
were made of the intensity distribution on the earth's surface.
It is noted -that, with repeated passage of the space-ship above
the came terrestrial point and almost same altitude, the recorded
intensity differed sometimes from that on the first passage; in
some cases, the intensity was almost double. This difference
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Study of charged-particles... D299/D302
was particularly noticeable at high latitudes. As the orienta-
tion of the apparatus changes during the second passage, this
difference in intensity may not be real. The obtained equi-
Intensity lines for the south-Atlautic and nouthern anomalies
constitude a slight refinement to the earlier obtained data (in
the references)i the maximum number of counts in the southern
anomaly visa 60 per second, and in the souih-Atlantic anomaly it
was 70 per second. The anomalies are particularly. great in the
Southern Heminphere. The intensity distributions in the anomaly
regions, recorded at altitudes of 306 - 339 km and at altitudes
of 167 - 265 I= during the two flights, differ from each other.
Thi3 difference is apparently due to the different flight-
altitudes. The connection between the nnomalous ntructure of the
radiation belts and the snomalie3 of the earth's maGnetic field
is evident; it %-,rould be 11')'~.ovor' to th.'tt the
regLonal ruioiaUico of the 'Llit! uz~I.Uilo (~Ilrfac
have a oubstaatinl Influ,3nco on c'laf~,Pfl-plirticle flo':; L,-.) to
altitudes of 200 - 300 km. The many in the South- and
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Study of charged-particles... D299/D302
North-Pole regions, their disposition and variation, suggest
that these anomalies are the edges of the outer radiation belt
of the earth. The latitude 4ependonce of the intenaity In shown
in a graph (for the Northern Hemisphere); it tu noted that.at
high latitudes, the increase in intensity ceases. The obtained
data on the Intensity distribution give evidence of the edge
effects of the radiation belts at 200 - 300 km altitude and of
certain peculiar features not observed previously. In particular,
the great temporal anomalies are noted; thus, the "northern ano-
maly" recorded on August 20, 1960, at 7 hr. 40 min. (world time)
and the couth-polar anomaly recorded on December 1, 1960, at 14
hr. 22 min. These anomalies are apparently due to solar activity.
The line of least intensity (the "radiation equator") is shorn
In a figure. With regard to the composition of the radiation,
it is likely that the increase in the counting rate (as compared
to that from primary cosmic rays) is due to protons with E P >
60 Mev; although no definite conclusion is possible as yet, it
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Study of chargod-pnrticlee... D299/D302
Is assumed (as a working model) that the inner radiation belt
if formed by protons and that the number of electrons of energies
higher than --12 Mev is small. The above results confirm the
existence of a high-intensity region down to 200 km altitude
(from 1000 km). On the other hand, the radiation at 50 - 150 km
is practically independent of altitude. The altitude dependence
of the intensity (for 200 - 2000 km) is ahown in a figure.
Tentatively, the altitude h and the atmoopheric density can
be expressed by the values:
h, km 100 150 200 300 400 500
V ,gm. CM-3 10-9 10- 11 10-12. 10-13 2 x 10-14 2 x 10-15
h, km 600 700 800 900 1000
P .gm* CM -3 6 x 10-16 2 x 10-16 6 x 10-17 3 x 10-17 10-17
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a layer of matter of the order of 4 gm/cm-2 at an altitude of
200 - 300 km. Assuming recorded proton energies (in the equa-
33305
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Study of chftrgod-particies.. D299/D302
On the basis of the incomplete data available, the internal
radiation-belt in the equatorial region for altitudeD above 400
600 km can be approximated by a very simple model, where only
ionization losses are taken into account. At higher latitud
the pattern is more complicated; it becomes necessary to rcnder
more precise the componition, spectrum and altitude-variation
of the charged particles. At altitudes below 400 600 km,
considerable deviations from the formula J ----*P- occur. This
is due to diffusion of the particles in a direction transverse
to the magnetic field; this diffusion mechanism Is related to
collisions between particles. A second diffusion mechanism
exists, related to the presence of electric fields E which
cause particle-drift. The diffusion processes require further
investigation. Finally, the radiation dose in estimated beneath
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3310"
315601611000101010031016
Study of charged-particlea... D299/D302
torial region) of B > 60 14ev, the daily radiation dose conati-
P ~
tutea approximately 30% of the permissible doze. In the region
of the south-Atlantic anomaly at 300 km altitude, the radiation
dose is by an order of magnitude higher than at the equator.
There are 10 figures, 1 table and 10 references: 7 Soviet-bloc
and 3 non-Soviet-bloc (including 2 translations). The reference
to the English-language publication reads as follows: S.
Yoshida, G. H. Ludwig, J. A. Van Allen, J. Geophya. Rea., 65,
807, 1960.
SUBMITTED:, May 15, 1961
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3719)
Zj() 0 (aft, 'fsaz') S/56o/6i/ooo/oil/005/012
B032/E514
AUTHORSs Ve prik.-Ya.M., Kurnosova, L.V., Razoronov, L.A.,
,tradkin. II.I. and Chukin, V.S.
TITLE: Experiment on the development of photographic
emulsions on board the second cosmic spaceship
SOURCEt Akademiya nauk SSSR. Iskusstvonnyye sputniki Zemli.
no.ll.-Moscow, 1961. Rezul'taty nauchnylch
isalqdovaniy, prov4dannykh vo vromya poletov vtorogo
i tratlyago koamichaskikh korablay-sputnikov, 35-41
TEXT: The second Soviet cosmic spaceship carried stacks
of thick nuclear emulsions. Owing to the fact that the spaceship
remained in orbit for a considerable time, the number of particles
recorded in the emulsions was very largo, which could complicate
subsequent scanning and identification of particle tracks. It was.
therefore, necessary,to develop the emulsions before too many
particles hAd been recorded. An account is given in the present
paper of how the emulsions were in fact developed on board the
spaceship. The operation was carried out in four stages, nam*lyt
1) exposure of the emulsions to the radiations for a given time,
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Experiment on the development ... 5/560/61/000/011/005/012
E032/S514
2) development, 3) storaga of the emulsions (latent-image centr
produced during this period could not be developed), 4) subsequ:,.It
laboratori analysis on the Earth's surface. The whole operation
was carried out in A hermetically sealed container. The emulsion
stack (20 unbacked eraulsions 300 P thick each) had to be so
arranged that after the exposure the emulsions could be separated
from each other and the developer let in. This was done by a
piston device (a schomatic drawing of tho latter is reproduced).
After this operation the developer was removed and a stopping
solution was introduced. The emulsions remained in this solution
until they were returned to the laboratory for final treatment. It
was found that relativistic tracks were easily visible in these
emulsions, although the sensitivity to the latter turned out to
be somewhat lower than usual. Two particle-track microphotographs
are reproduced to illustrate the possibilities of the method.
There are 3 figures.
SUBMITTEDt JulY 7, 1961

KUM,10"OVA, L. V., LOGACHE;V, V. I., RAZORENOV, L. A. and ITADKIN, hl. I.
Observation of the Radiation Anomalies at the Altitudes of 200-',100 km"
Report presented at the International Conference on Cosmic Rays
and Earth Storm, 4-15 Sep 61, Kyoto, Japan.

h2126
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AUTHORS: Ginzburg, V. L., Kurnosova, L. V., Razorenov, L. A., and Fradkin, M. 1.
TITLE: Some investigations of the cosmic ray nuclear component and of the radiation belts of
the earth on Soviet satellites and rockets. Review.
PERIODICAL: Geomagnetizm i acronomiya, v. 2, no. 2, 1962, 193-232
TEXT: 1) Measurements on groups of nuclei with Z Z-: 2, Z ?~ 5, Z j; 12 to 14, Z "'2: 15, Z ;_~ 28 to 30,
and estimates of the relative intensity of the stream of very heavy nuclei (Z > 30) indicate that the nuclear
component of cosmic rays drops very sharply in intensity from Z Z 28 to Z > 30. 2) The nuclear-compo.
nent intensity increases in correlation with the solar activity; at energies E 109 eV, some selective accelera-
tion mechanism on the sun accelerates preferably the heavier nuclei. 3) Measurements of the latitudinal
effect show that, at energies between - 1.8 and 7.5 BcV/nucleon, the energy spectra are identical for groups
of nuclei with Z 2! 2, Z 2; 5, Z ;~ 12 to 14 (differences in spectral indices do not exceed 10 to 20%). 4) The IN
charge spectra of nuclei indicate that the ratio of the Li, Be, B nuclear group to the Z > 6 group is 53 + 15 %.
5) The intensity maximum of the outer radiation belt shifted 104km towards the surface of the earth during
the time interval between the launchings of orbital spaceships I and 11 (from January to September, 1959).
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Some investigations of the cosmic ray...
S/203/62/002/002/Wi/017
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6) At altitudes of 200 to 3W km in the 65N to 65S belt the radiation count is in excems of what could have
been expected from primary cosmic rays; on the equator, the global radiation intensity is 6 to 7 times as high
as the cosmic ray intensity. This phenomenon remains still unexplained. 7) Two radiation-intcnsity ano-
malies were discovcred,viz.,the South-Atlantic anomaly at an altitude of 340 km and the Southern anomaly
at 194 to 340 km above the Antarctic coast, both being closely associated with the geomagnetic anomalies.
In August and December 1960, the lower boundary of the South-Atlantic anomaly was mapped at an atti-
tude of 265 to 306 km. There are 15 figures, 7 tables and 70 references.
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FRAILKIN, M. I., TOLSTOV, K. D., VEPRIK (fnu), KURNOSOVA, L. V., RAZORENOV, L.A., CRUKIN
"Controlled exposition of nuclear emulsions on sputniks"
Fourth International Colloquium. on Photography (Corpuscular) - Munich, West
Germany, 3-8 Sep 62
7~

S/04 62/026/006/014/020
3, B1.25YB1 02
AUTHORS: Ginzburg, V. L., Kurnosova, L. V., Logachev, V. I.$
Razorenovt L. A*# and Fradkin, M. I.
TITLE: Temporary increases in the intensity of the nuclear cosmic-
ray component induced by solar activity and investigation of
the radiation intensity at altitudes 'from 200 to 300 km
PERIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Izvestiya. Seriya fizicheskaya, v. 26
no. 6, 1962, 782-798
TEXT: During the flight of the second Soviet space rocket more than
100 nuclei of Z>15, more than 3000'0f Z> 5 and more than 30,000 of
Z>2 were measured by means of two Cherenkov counters working independently.
On the second and third Soviet space ships a current of charged particles
was measured by a telescope consisting of gas-discharge counters at
altitudes between 187 and 339 km, in latitudes ranging from -650 to'+6507.-
Variation in number of heavy nuclei with Z >15 was considerable but, that
of a-particles was smaller. At altitudes from 187 to 339 km the counting
rate of the telescope was several times greater than otherwise by reason
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S/048/62/026/006/014/020
Temporary increases in the ... B125/B102
of the solar activity. on the equator, at an altitude from 306 to
339 km, the global intensity is 1-36 and in higher latitudes 3.3 particles.-
cm-2 sec -1 . The charged-particle flux intensity of the anomalies in the
southern part of the Atlantic Ocean exceeds that in the corresponding
geomagnetic latitudes by two orders of magnitude. In 330 km an area of
smaller intensity separates the South Atlantic Anomaly (a "sleeve" of 'the
,inner radiation belt) from the Southern Anomaly connected with the outer
radiation belt. The particles recorded in the equatorial area are protons
of at least 60 111ev or electrons of at least 8 Mev. There are obviously
very many particles of smaller energy in the anomalies. The line of the
smallest radiation intensity lies in an altitude from 187 to 339 km and on
the western hemisphere farther south than the geometrical equator. In.
higher latitudes, owing to solar activity, the intensity of particle
currents is subject to considerable temporal variations. The actual
mechanism of acceleration and ejection of heavy particles on the sun is not
known hitherto. There are 12 figures and 2 tables.
ASSOCIATION: Fizicheskiy institut im. P. N. Lebedeva Akademii nauk SSSR
(Physics Institute imeni P. N. Lebedev of the Academy of
Sciences USSR)
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AUTHORS: Xurnosovat LeVet Logachevr V.I*# Razorenov, L.A, and
Frad'.tin, X. I.
-Oferent huclear groups of the
TITTLE: Bnergetic spectra of diA
cosmic radiation as.,measured by 9herenkov detee.tors
in ship-satellites
PIERIODICAL: Akadcmiya nauk SSSSR. Iskusstv .ennyye sputniki Zeali
no.12, 1962p "oscow, 16-30.
TEXT: The oncrgetic spectra of diffe tent nuclear grougo within-
'e of 109 - 1010 evAucleon were*investigated in the second
the rtung
and third Soviet space chip-satellites. In the former three indepen-'.
dently,functioning Chercesov detectors were used: one of the inte6
ral ty2e rocordodnuelti with charges Z ;o 5P Z ~, 15, and Z '> 3q and
two detectors of the differential type recorded the charge of nucloi
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3/560/62/000/012/002/014
1063/1263
Energetic.spectra of different nuclear....
fromhelium ul? to oxygeii. The directions of the nuclei -.-tore detera-
ined by a cosmic-ray telescope. Sir;iil,-lx instrui-.1ents in the t'.,Iird
ohip-satellite recorded nuclei With th,1 foliowin,; char,3cs: Z ,* 5,
Z *?- 12 Z 3: 31 - 34 and; Z > 34 he intensiV o~ each n
U I ue] ear
[!roup was jie,,sured within the SeoGraphical latitude ranGe of -650 to
+650. Considering the low-e-nergy limit of charged particles arrivir4-,-
verticolly'at each geomagnetic latitude the integral spectra of the
-nuclear (,-roups weri ded-,xced. from flux measure-ments alt; the different
gcomngnetic latitudes. 3ach spectrum reprcvented an average of both
idcntic,-a plus and' minus latitudes. The dependence of the flI;x of
nuclci wit-Ii Z > 2, Z -!, 4 and Z 'a 12 - 3-4 'on the latitude as
measured in the third ship-satellite was similar within the experi-
mental error. An increase o-.L' the fluiC with 'latitude* var,- obs-rvcd
for latitudes from 00 u
P to 450, thereafter the flux remained prac-
ticaliy constant,.-Mie intej;ral energetic spectra of the different
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Bnergetic spectra of di-A"forent nuclear.;. 1063/1236
-ie be,
niielear groups ahowed the sia;. havior. The low-enorery cutoff of
the pqxticles wa,-~,obzorved to occlar at 450 latitude in3tead OP 500-
550 (hieh-latitude Cutoff). This is explained by the enorgy thresh-
old o4l the detoctor:9. (2.2 W/nuclcon). The.integral spectra for
energies. hio-har thLui tho tarashold value were assumed to be represen-
ted by a power function. The power-Lidex of each group was.racanured
1.from the slope of the straigat line obtained when the flux was nlotted
against the energy per nucleon in a doubfe'logarithmic scale. R0
si,-IlilLic--nt difference was observed between the power-indiccs for
nuclear C;roups h%vi~ig Z ) 2 P Z ?, 4 - 5Z ?, 12 - 14 as me asured in tho Ix
-third ship-satellite. The value of tha poWir-,index of nuclei with
Z ?, 15 as measured in the second ship-satellite was somewhat hiGher
thaft the values of the oth&r nuclear grMips, but, aa there is not
sufficient dati for stwatistical analysir~ in thiW group, no conclu-
sionscan be made nbout its spectrum. There arp 8 figures and 7
-tables*
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ZUTHORBI Xurnosovaj L*Veg Razorenov, L.A., and
Fradkin, M.I.
------------
TITLE; A case of a short"term increase of heavy nuclear
intensity during the fli,~ht of the third sate'llite
space-ship
SOURCEg Akademiya nauk SSSR. Iskusstvennyye sputniki
Z emli . no. 12 1 Mus Lip 1146 ;Z, 394
TEXT; This incre,~tse was observed during the 24 hours
flight of the third Soviet space-ship on December 1, 1960. Nuclear
components of the -coE;mic radiation having Z_~~ 5,Z-'> 12~4.49 31 + 349
Z > 34 were detected by a Cherenkov detector og the iniegral 'type,
iwhereas for nuclei with Z ;;o,2 the differential type was used. Only
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.A case of a short-term increase...
.nuclei with total energy higher than 1.4 - 1-5 beV/nucleon were
detected. All the measurements were carried out at latitudes higher
than 500, thus the recorded mean intensity of the nuclear component
of the cosmic radiation was pratatically independent of this fnetor.
bn December lst, 1960, an increase in intensity, lasting about 12
min was observed between latitudes 50-700. The intensity of nuclei
with Z> 12t-14 increased up to 2.8 1 1.4 times its mean value; no
significant increase was observed for nuclei with Z>.,.5 and Z>
3,2. For
.the first half of the same period the increase was significant also
for nuclei with Z','~-2 (2.7 *-1.3 times the mean value), Nuclei with
.2 >34 showed an increasedintensity simultaneou3ly with that of the
lighter nuclei. Similar results were obtained from the second Soviet
cosmic rocket (Xurnosova, LeVe, Razorenov, L*A., Fradkin, M,I.,
Akademiya nauk SSSRt Iskusstvennyyo sputniki Wnlit no.6. 1961, 132).
,Gard 2/3

3/560/6 210001012100 3/0-14
1663/1263
A case of a short-term increase... -
Simultaneously with this nuclear intensity incre,-tse, an outburst
in the solar chromosphere of the 14 class was observed, as well.as
an incrense of the solar radio emission at ~h6 freauency of 208 14c..
The.concurrence of these events-buggests thAt relativistic*nualei
'are generated on the sun. 'The increa3ed-intensity of nuclei with
Z71.2 could be the result of a preferential accelerntion of the
heavier nuclei, whereas the hiGher number of the aL particles may
be explained by the relatively high abundance 'of helium in the sun,
so that a large number of these particles 'are-involved in the acce-
leration.process. There is-1 figures The EnZlish-language refere-
no& is: O.E.Yichtel, D.B.Gusel Phys, Rev# Lett., 69 19619 4956
SUMITTEN September 12, 1961
Axd 3/3

GrNMURG, L. V. KURNOSOVA, V. I. LOGACHEV, L- A. RAZO,:iF.JOV, '-.
-.,~=iry cosmic radiation investigation.
I d;a,
,:por;; submitted for the 8th Intl. Conf. on Cosmic Rays (IUPAP), Jaipur ~1-1 .
2-14 Dec 1963

KURNOSOVA, L.V.,- RAZORENOV, ~.A.j
Increase of short duration in radiation intensity recorded
August 20, 1960, during the flight of the second spaceship-
satellite. Isk.sput.Zem. no.l5t66-70 163. (MA 16:4)
(Artificial satellites) (Solar radiation-Observations)

SHPI'ER, Yu.G., kand. fiz.-matem. nauk, otv. red.; FRADKIN, M.I.,
red. 1 1, -
[Geo- and heliophysical effects in cosmic rays and
auroras] Geo- i geliofizicheskie effekty v koemicheakikh
luchakh I poliarnykh aiianliakh. Moskva, Nauka, 1964. 157-p-
(M1RA 17:12)
1. Akademiya nauk SSSR. Yakutskiy filial, Yakutsk. Institut
kosmofizicheskikh issledovaniy i aeronomii.

r, 2h6"-65 Fsi? W/Fss-2/1,wr (i)/rnrr, (mqln (v)-1-/r-WG (v) /Fcc,
T'T/GW-2
p9 -5/,Ff7r -)s,,,Pj 4,1
ACCESSION NR#. AT4049950 8/2504/64/026/000/0003/0016
AUTHOR- Kurnosova, L.V.!' T-~-
L.L.' Frar-1kin, M-1. r34-1
TITLE: Some results of cosinle ray studies inade witly Sov!et satelliten Prid rocketg
SOURCE.
AN BMR. Fizichouldy Inatitut. Trudy-*, v. 26, 1994. Kosmicheskiya luchi
(Cosmic rays), 3-16
TOPIC TAGS: cosmic ray, solar burst, Corenk-ov radiation, Carenkov counter, radiatlon
!:)Clt, southern anomaly, gaa4facharge counter
&BSTRACT- The study of the 9~tclear component of cosmic rays using integral and
fifferential Cerenkov cotuiteirWis discussed. Nuclei with charges Z >- 2, Z -> -5, Z 15
:untd Z % 28 were mrasured In free space. The differential counter had a ge-nmetric
.- ( The data qtiow the flux of heaVy
ac'orrZ 2.5-10 m 2. ster and aperture a ~~27 *.
iu~-Ipl in be very slight. 11o energy spectra and chemical con porition of cosinic rlys
analyzed, data being bruken down Into 10' intctrv,~df3 of geomagnetic ia-titude 'o--
3rr, 5, the lowor part of the f I gure (c) shows the chromospher-.e bursts (abscist;a = world
[the hatched areas indicate Umes of papsage of the sat,!1litc through Lh-n polar
03rd 3/4

1; 24693-65
A'-'CESSIONNR: AT4049950 ENCLOSURE: 02 /9
Ceomagnetto r&=1Q--=YZ2 Radlaff)-a intensiky
dd tude particlesm k I 1=2ir), 3r-d-S-pace v ide
oec-lx ster Artleles, Gowit globrl Cowit ratp, Global
em-2meel rate, ImT.% Intensity, Imp- aeec- Intensity,
Imp - See particleg purticlea
xcm-2 x CM-2.
See- I
0. 310�10 0124-0,01 018M .0.03 1,460�M3 0.0,
O'G3 .(n 1,57�0,04 (),75 v1�0 0a.
10 280�8 0,M10,01 t'0�0 I f 7�0't 0,76Z~0.06 f36�0:01'
20 310�10 0,19:0,01 t.3 : [ +0, 1 1,8�0
9p, 1 2 0--Q't '.I
2 z oe'z t 5�0 4 2
40* 730�60 0-46�(),04 5 2�0.2 2:)�-0:2 2:710,1
iMgm 7:o, 13 21a
j'j3j 2.2�0 2 9�0 3 4
50 21 314,1
T-11 2?OG�
No -0, to 2"6105 i
ly ZIK(*�40 ~
CCU-!
"I able I.. D-ata from Bateulte atudJas.

(2 )ISIJIV n 'E", ( t'S (11 -3/7-,
b
ACCE 3S DDN NP AP5002104 (7.9 S/0048/64/028/()12/2039/2 44
AtMIDR: Ginzburg,V.L. ; 1~ujMoscjva,L.V. Lo r. v Razorcjxov,L.A. ; Fradkin,1,11. 1.
T ITLE .investigation of rayA'Aeport,_J~11-Union Conference on the
Ff.ysi,:~ of Cosmic Rays hold In Hoscaw 4-10 Oct 19
6OURG,'- AN SSSR. Izvestiya. Seriya fizicheskaya, v.28, no.12, 1964, 2039-2044
TOPIC TAGS.- cosmic ray cataposlition, cosmic radiation, solar radiation
,iSS~,'RACT: The paper gives solected data on p~:iipary cosmic rays in the region. of
nuclei, obtained during flirhts of Sovio- %i~ i c e and coviparative
t
obLained by means of rai;J,-os.qnde3. 11 rAbstracter's note: The particular 3putniks
and da,es are not given, but these may be specified in the referenecs-7 'fne com-
parative data were obtained lay means of photographic emulsions and Cere-lizov coLui-
tr.rs. A table lists the values of the L/S ratio; another table gives the values of
thv percentages of Li, Be, 0, C and N and heavier nuclei roferred to the total
flu,~ with Z;-:' 3. The satellito and balloon data on the L/S ratio ~Irv reasonably
consistent; the agreement is flomewhat poorer for the percentages. Figures give
data on the fluxes of alpha particles, nuclei with Z 5 and nuclei with Z :-::;12
A/2

L 9-1186-65
ACCESSION HR: APS002104
for ai.flerent energies; the flight tr,%jectory corresponding to a brief flare-up in
solar activity; and variations with time of the counting rates of the space vehi-
-
as-counter telescope and Corenkov ting nuclei with Z > 6. From
g counter d toc
crief analysis of the data it ta inferred that 1~ ere may be different cosmic ray
,,roauction mechanisms operating on the Sun. One should produce cosmic radiation
with approximately the chemical composition of the solar atmosphere; another may
rrsulT in preferential acceleration of heavy nuclei. Further data are needed be-
fore one can draw definitive conclusions regarding the nature of the solar cosmic
ray prc)duction mechanisms. Orig.art.has: 2 tables and 4 figures.
ASSOCLATIOL'i. none
SUBM17"MD. 00 EICL: 00

ACMSSIOU NR: AP4031621
S/0053/64/082/004/0585/06*7 1
AUIHOR: Ginzburgq V. L. Nurnowwal 1. Vi, kazarenov, L. A. -9 ftwk~nq'. M; L
TITM: Investigations- of the nuclear component of coodc radiation performed
on Soviet satellites and rwksft
SOURCE: Uspekhi f na%*',:v,', 82, no, 4g 19641, 585447
a
TOPIC TAGS: cosmic ray, sateilite m.easurement, space. probe, cosmic -rayo.
charBe distribution, cosmic ray flux, . cosmic ray at%&rgy spectrum, solar
~cosmic ray, primary cosmic radiation, nuclear active component, &lee-
trbn positron componento'galactic cosmic ray
AWTMCr: MAs zwiew* sumarizes results of measurarients of cosadc-ray particle
fluxes, cosmic-ray' energy spectra,, and intensity variations of the cosmic-ray
canponents - perfoLmed by the * authors with satellite-borne equipment and repoited
Iin various publications (C*amgwtizm i aeronadya, v. 2, 193, 1962. Iskust-
venny*ye sputnDd zemlij, no. -2. 709 1958*,'no. 5s 200 1960; no. S. 879 1961; no. 12,,!-
16, 1961; noe S. 9 1319 1961; no. 12, 31s 1961;.,nd, 16, 66 , 1962, Je Phys. Soce
!-Japan v. 17. Suppl. Arnq '316' 1962. /Izv'. AN SSSR ser. HIZ. v. 26 9 782 9 1962)..
tdrd t
-4

I I lit MOBOMM
1ACCESSION HR-. AP4031621
N(The experimental results are compaved -with the data by others. In addition, scm
Troblems and possibilities of cosinic-ray research outside the earth's atmosphere
,,and magnetic field are alsp discussed. The advantages and limitations of satellite'
!!and rocket studies are briefly enumerated. Oertain features of Ceren3j;v counters,
iWhich prov i d ed the bulk - of the infoniation 0 are discussed. Difficulti6b- in the comi-
1parison of the results iof 'different researches -and the effect. of the solar-
activity cycle and of the-~ndividual solar flarps are extensively dealt with. The
correlation with solar radio emission is also discussed in , ccnnection with the
Ielectrtn-positron caTponent of cosmic radiatior~. The secticn~headings are:
Introduction. I. Investigation of the nuclear component of cosmic rays w#h Soviet
satellites and space probes, - 1. Procedure. 2 Chemical composition of'cow4c rays,
fluxes of different nuclear and _T
d groups their clergy spectra. 3. Variations of the
11flux of the nuclear cosmic-ray canponant and nuclei of solar origin. II. Use of
;''satellites and rockets "to study primary cosmic radiation, 4. Nuclear canpcnent
;!of galactic cosmic rays. 5.~ molar cosmic-rays and high-latitude cutoff. 6. Elect-
iron.-positron cortqment of comic rays. Bibliography. Orig. art. has: 31 figures,
is tables, 6 -f 63Mulas.
2/

jxassiai as Apw3l621'

L M&-66 EYrr(i)/EV1T(m)/FCCA/EV1A(h) IJP(c) GS/G'N
47
ACCESSION NR: AT5022822 UR/0000/65/000/000/0008/0022
AUTHCR: Ginzburg, V. L.; Kurnosova, L. V.; Logachey V. v
_I.; Ra oreno L. A.
Ejad in M. I.
TITLE: XzimuZ-c-om A cosmic rays
ponenf., of
SOURCE: Vsesoyuznoye soveshchaniye po kosmofizicheskomu napravleniyu issledo-
vaniy kosmicheskikh luche-y'-.-' -luchL L problemy
izi kc .'ii-y..s-.~~a.-nd--p.-r-'"oblems in cosmophysics); trudy soveshchantya.
Novosibirsk, Redizdat Sib. otd. AN SSSR, 1.965, 8-22
TOPIC TAGS: primar cosmic ray, cosmic ray particle, cosmic ray measurement,
cosmic radiation composition W
ABSTRACT: The article is a survey of reported experimental data an the composi-
tion of cosmic rays. The following groups of nuclei (other than protons and
alpha particles) with charge Z ->,3 are considered: (1) light nuclei with
charge 3 < Z 10 (group H). The symbol S is also used and designates
nuclei with Z -> 6 (S- M-+-H). It is shown that fluxes of different nuclei
(including protons) should be compared for a given value of their hardness. As
a rough eneral rule, nuclei of elements with atomic number Z are Z times more
.112

_L 1888-66
ACCESSION NR: AT5022822
frequent in cosmic rays than in nature. Difficulties involved in measurements
I of fluxes of the different groups of nuclei are described. HIAgh-altitude ex-
periments definitely indicate the presence of lithium, beryllium, and boron
nuclel. (20-307. of the quantity of heavier nuclei) in the primary component of
cosmic rays in the vicinity of the earth. Findings concerning the electron-
positron component of cosmic rays are discussed, and the chemical composition of
solar cosmic rays is considered. Differential energy spectra of protons and
nuclei and their hardness spectra are analyzed. On the basis of the body of
data accumulated thus far it Is nGw possible to state that not only protons,
j but also multiply-charged nuclei are accelerated on the sun; however, this
mechanism of particle acceleration is still unknown, and several such mechanisms
may exist. Orig. art. has: 14 figures and 3 tables.
ASSOCIATION: Fizicheskiy institut imP N. P.Aebedeva AN SSSR (Physics %
stit
I
n ute, AN SSSBI
SUM4ITrED:, 290ct64 ENCL: 00 SUB CODE: AA, NP
NO REV SOV: 014 OTHER: .020

~L 2326-66 ENT(1)/FGG/EV1A(h) GS/0V1
AGCF-33ION IIR: AT5023626 UR/0000/65/000/000/0486/050ii
'AUTHORS: Razorenoy, L. k, ; E~yFovat
L
iFradkin, MO.-L
ral
iTITLE: Some problems and perspectives in the investigation of pFLmar coeiktq_,__q1
y_
:SOURCE: Vass a konrerentsiya. po fizike kosmi che skc1p_pj~os trans tva. Moacowo
,1965 Issledovaniya koemicheakogo proatranstva (space resear~_h~; -fr_u(5~ onferentaii.
if20_,8_:C~_0,w, Izd-vo Nauka, 19651 486-501
ITOPIC TAGS: cosmic ray# gamma ray, x rayt solar activityi antiparticle
1ABSTRACTj Problems associated with the investigation of primary cosmic rays and
,gamma rays are presented in a three-part report. Part I deals with the proton-
nucleus component of the cosmic rays, Part II covers the electron-positron compone
and Part III discusses cosmic gamma- and x-rays. Although the proton-nuoleus
icomponent of primary cosmic rays has been studied quite completely, a group of
iproblems still remains unanswered. Eight such probley" discussed in Part I are:
energetic spectra of protons and nuclei in the energy interval below 100 Nov/
!nucleon. These apeotra, are represented by the form N(E),n-El-B.. 2) The relation-
;ship between fluxes of different nuolei groups (Lj V9 H) in the energy range 55 to
'V0 Nov- ualeon, which is still not well known- 3) Isotopic components of primary
.,d

J_~Wl&s AT5023626
,cosmic rays. This would require the measurement of three independent parameters
such as G/dx, E, and PC- 4) The presence of high speed antiprotons generated by
,:the interaction of cosmic rays with interstellar media. Some measurements place th(
,percent composition of antiparticles at 0.23%. 5) The verification of the presence
lof superheavy nuclei, Z > 30. 6) Estimates of the time rate of change of the fluxei
!in primary nuclei components which have their origin either in solar bursts or in
imodulatea galactic cosmic rays. These intensity variations should be recorded
icontinuously, outside the terrestrial atmosphere. 7) Intensity gradients of cosmic
irays in the solar system as evidenced by data from Pioneer-5 and Mariner-1. 8)
!'Anisotropy among particle fluxes ol lowt near-threshold energies. Two similar
i
!problems are discussed in Part II. Here the flux and energy spectra of primary,
;cosmic ray electron-positron components are analyzed first, where dataere shown to
~be rather scant. Next, the relationship between positron and electron fluxes is
Iconsidered by measuring the charge composition of the primary cosmic rays. In Part
IIII, calculation results of "peoted Y - and x-ray intensities from important
~galaotic aoArcee are considered. The y-ray generation is attributed to.processes
such as 1T,O-meeon decayt bremestrahlung radiation of relativistic electrons and
ipositronst and Compton y-raya by the scattering of photons on x-ray eleotrons.
!Experiments indicate 1 0~50 Nov) A 3#5 X 10-4 photons/cm 2/aeo/Btere which is
'Y ~
!,larger than expeated galactic estimates. This then implies y-rays of
Card - 2/3,
i

NRt AT502,3626
-6
meta-galaotic origin. For lower tanergies (0.51 Nev)I', 1.2 to 300 2 10
~photons/=2/sec/sters* Orig, art, hast 6 tables, 2 ffgyaeu;~dnd 4*formulas.
ISSOCIATIONs none
01
(041
iSUBMITTED: 025eP65 ENCM 00 SUB CODE: My NP
*0 REP SM 020 OTMOR 1 046 ATD PRESS
Card 3/1

L 1538-06 EdT(l)/Fcc/wA(h) ot)/arj
!ACCESSION NR: AT502362T UR/0000/65/000/000/0501/0502
AUTIHOR: Kurnosova, L. V. ,_Razorenoy,L. A. Lqgachev, V. I. ; Fra!lkin_,, M._ T. J.
q4, 13 tf- 4 q, -5 t,
'TITLE: Experimental investigations of the composition of prinia'7 cosmic rays (, lj~
,SOURCE: Vsesqyuznaya konferentsiya po fizike kosmichesk6S9_krostranstva
~oscov,
Issledovaniya kosmicheskogo prostranstva (Space r~;ear~~~-;'--~r--u-'d'y-'konferentaii.
.Moscow, Yzd-vo Hauka, 1965, 501-502
rA
.TOPIC TACO: cosmic ray, cosmi remen c rky intensity, satellite,
cosmi
!satellite mission filh-RiAs, nucleus, proton, heavy nucleus, nucleon
!ABSTRACT, Results of work conducted with the help of satellites and rockets, in
'1958-63 -for the purpose of studying the nuclear component of cosmic rays, are pre-
~sented. The intensities of various nuclei group streams are given, and the upper
ilimit of -the ratio of nuclear stremns with Z z 30-40 to that with Z z 15 Is found
to be 0.01-
0.03%. The ratio of a light nuclear (group L) stream to the stream of
,nuclei of group 8 = M + H was found to be 31.0 + 9.6%. The short-period intensifi
cation of nuclear streams is considered in relJion to solar chromospheric flares.
:This intensification provea the exitsteilce of solar processes producing the acceler-I i
lation of nuclei to kinetic energies exceeding 0,50109 ev/aucleon. It is proposed
:Card 1/2

L 1538-66
!ACCESSION NR: AT502362T r,
Ithat two mechanisms are active in the sun='~"one leads to the acceleration of protons
land the other to the acceleration of heavy nuclei, (041
A COrNOT A rPTnV

ACC NRt
AP5026226
AuTiIOR: Xurnoso a, _1!.V. ;
j)jW(:t)jFCC_ _RPL
SOURCE CCDH: Un/0048/65/029/010/1846/1852 f
Raze enov, L.A./Fradkin, M.I.
ORG: none
TITLE: Compositi Anand energy spectrum of the primary cosmic rays in the moderate-
energy region /Report, Alk-!_VjiA9A..Q~,pference on Cosmic Ray Physics hold at Apatity,
24-31 August 1964/
SOURCE: AN SSSR.Izvestiya. Seriya f izicheskayn,v.29,no. 10, 1965, 1846-1852
Y
TOPIC TAGS: Primary cosmic ray, spectral energy distribution, chemical composition,
cosmic radiation composition, Interplanetary space. )"'>"
ABSTRACT. , Recent literature on the energy distribution and composition of the pri-
mary cosfaic rays with energies betvicen 108 and 1010 eV/nucleon is reviewed. For
energies above.2 BeV/nucleon the exponent in the energy spectrum is 1.5 and is the
same for all components. The Li-Be-B question can beregarded as settled. The ratio
L/S of the number of these nuclei to the number of heavier nuclei is between 0.2 and
0.3. and appc-irs to increase with decreasing encrgy~ The increase of L/S with de-
creasing energy probably indicates that the low-energy primary cosmic ray particles
traverse a greater thickness of interstellar matter than do the high-energy particles
The ratio H/M of the number of heavy to the number of medium-mass nuclei in the pri-
Card 113

6954-66
ACC Nitt AP5026226
mary cosinic radiation appears to bo approximately 1/3; there are some discordant data
however, and further measurements tire necessary. The ratio If/M Is greater in the
cosmic radiation than in the universe as a whole. Date on the fluxes of separate
nuclei of the heavy group are greatly to be desired. The flux of cosmic rays with
energies between 108 and 109 eV/nucleon Is modulated by solar activity and diluted by
particles of solar origin. Measuroments of a particle fluxes have shown that the
high latitude cutoff is a rigidity effect and is therefore due to magnetic fields
rather than to ionization losses. If the high latitude cutoff were due to irregular
magnetic fields frozen into the interplanetary gas ejected from the sun,one would
expect the cosmic ray intensity to very with distance from the sun. Such a variation
is not confirmed by monsurements with Pioneer 1, Mors 1, and Mariner 2. A small In-
tensity gradient derived from a comparison of Mariner 2 with terrestrial data is
questioned because of the dissimilimity of the rocket and terrestrial instruments.
The conclusion of R. Vogt (Phys-Rov.,125, 366,(19G2) that there exist low-energy pro-
tons of solar origin which, however-, do not arrive directly from the sun, is ques-
tioned because of the sharp cutoff observed beyond the radiation belts at 520 lati-
tude by Explorer 7. It is suggested that Vogtis protons may have originated in un-
recorded solar flares or that the effect of atmospheric secondaries may not have been
taken properly into nr,-!ount. The low positron content (20%) of the electron compo-
nent of the primn-,, t..smic radiation shows that the electrons are not to be accounted
for by me3on decay. There is evidence that the composition of cosmic rays of solar
origin ia the same as that of the solar atmosphere There are some indications that
2/3

69 1 66
L
54-
ACC NRs AP5026226
heavy nuclei may be preferentially accelerated on the Sun. The data on this question,
however, are contradictory, and more observations with instruments of greater lumi-
nosity are necessary. OrAg. art. has: 4 figures and 2 tables.
SUB CODE, AA SUBM DATE: 00/--Oct 65 ORIG.REF: 007 OrH REP:021

KURNOSOVA, L.V.; LOGAGHEV, V.I.; PLATUNOV, G.F.; RAZORENCV, L.A.; SINITSINA)
V.G.; SUSLOV, A.A.;JUADKIN, M.1.
Preliminary results of studying the nuclear component of rnsmic
rays with the aid of the artificial satellite "Elektron-2.P
Izv. AN SSSR.Ser.fiz. 29 no.10:1853-1858 0 165.
(MIRA 18:10)
1. laboratoriya kosmicbeskikh luchey Fizicheskogo instituta im.
PoN.Lebedeva AN SSSR.

R jT!- EMMEM
11 ~M
TT/CIS/GW
ACCESSfO-W NRI ATj0236j3 UR/0000/65/OGO/ooo/o3l4/0528
1AUTHORt BIokh_,-T iasacwtv.-VA-L Platanoy-a-
!TITLE: Sow results of the study of cosmic ray nucloonsby the Slaktron-2 satellite
iSOURCE: Vejaoy~zi4ya konferantof -proGtv&n4tv4---- Hoscov~/ -
__j0__WOj"o fixike kossichaskoAq
11965. Isiledovanlya koinic an age prostranstva (space research); trudy konferentai
c a so
'Moscow, lad-vo Nauka, 1965, 514-528
ITOPIC TAGS: satellite, radiation, cosmic ray, cosmic radiation, nuclear particle,
;nucl*on/glaktron 2 satellite
iABSTRACT: Included in* the instrumstation of the. Rlektron-2 satellite (I-10chad,
jJan 1964; apogee, 68,000 km) was a combination of faiternal- and external,counters
idesigned to register n~elesr components of p.KLusKE_Soswic j d44~JQ%q The'design and
:calibration of.this apparatus Is scribed. and same results of paVti&Uy-roduced
Wata are discussed. 1 One cmit9jote
mounted on the external surface of theisatellite
:was a combination of the,Cerankov and scintillation types which responded to nuc-
loans in tha *atowle number range of 2 Z 30. The Internal counter itas a Car

A&RISIS-160N, Nits- --AT--5-0236.33
tYpe, registering at the discrete levels of. Z V 21 Z * 50* and Z 15, All counters rV
shielded and were designed to register only particles with energies ), 600 NovInucl. i
Fig. 1 of the Enclosure gives the basic schematic of the external counter combina-
tion. The authors detail the nethod used to calibrate the photomultiplier Output@
in terms of the Z-range of Input excitation; for example, for the type FEU-35 ' extO
nal counter, the anode output characteristic corresponded to the range from Z - 4
to Z u 21, and the output of the 7th dynode, to the range Z - 6 to Z
,calibration technique was to excite a SIC electroluninescent diode wit!
tage, short-duration (4-30 asoc) thyratron pulse, providing the phototube with a
light Input similar to a counter Input. Early results from those primary Particle
counters, obtained during the TQSY. have been a useful supplement to analogous metal-
lite data from the 1959-1962 period, during which solar activity was undergoing the'
itransition from next== to mininap. Comparative results are soon in Fig. 2, which 1
Ishovs an almost twofold increase in nuclear particles recorded near the solar activity.
,minimum. Table 1 compares data from one' orbit of glektron-2 to that of the 1959 and
!1960 satellites and the l"2 Mars-1 probe. To date only data for the Z ) 15 particles-
!have been reduced enough for statistical. analysis. k large Increase in incidence 01
$this size particle was noted during solar eruptions observed to the cour"'of the
[SRI
;Zlektron-2 flight. OrIS. are, hssl~ 18 figures, I tablej andl forwila. -
Viome'
AhOaAnOgl
~7

T
I i
I
k.~q%-66

L 4069-66 EWr(l)IYCCIEWA(h) aW
ACCUSSION PRI APS024231. URtOO46/65/029/010/1053AIN?
61
AMORt Rurmosown. L.Vi lamfthev. V. I I P%qtqmR4jhZ. I RODMAW-s-" I
TITKXj Inveatigatlom of low-energy ek4rgad partial*@ with the Common
AogNrd Nlpqjrj"" patellit" 1haportt All-UnAom Conterepco-on
hold at Apitfty 2ill, August 1964/ COMIRIGASY Pk7H1cM
SOUNCRe AN 883L Isvestlys. BerliVe fisichaskays, v. 290 no. 10, 1965, 1453-1254
TOPIC TAW prl*ery._qqjvj~iq YX
_Tq, heavy particle, artificial earth satellite,
Coreakow counter, scintillation counter, solar activity
ABSTRACTe Squipment carried by Matron 2 to serauro the nuclear component of on.
mic rays during the International Year of the Quiet Nun Is described briefly L: a
fev preliminary results are reported. The equipment comaisted of a Cereakow coun-
ter mounted within the satellite behind 1.5 gloWl of matter and a telescope coa-
posed of a Careakow counter and a scintillation counter, mounted outside the metal-
lite behind 0.6 g/cal of aluminum. All the counters could record cosmic ray parti-
cle~ with amarviem ascending The external telescope recorded M-
Curd ,k

L 4089-66
ACC9$Sleff PIE: AP5026227
clot with charge ninshorn of 2 or grestOr.:Gnd the external Coorenkov counter, which
was part of the telencope, nloo recorded very heavy nuclei with charge numbers nee
30. Nuclei with chnorre numbstro not loose than 2t 5. or 15 were recorded In separati
chnniteta by the internal Corunkstv counter. The counters were tested and calibrate
In the Inboratory with the aid at connic ray particle@; the associated photowulti-
pliern were calibrated with flanbox from a BIC diodo. Preliminary results are am
pared with nnalognim date recorded with the Soc(ind Ouvlut Cosmic Rocket, the 'Mild
Soviet astallito Vehicles, and tits Mara 1. A strong nugatlve correlation In Indi-
cated between solar activity and the Intensity of the nuclear component of the
cosmic radiation. The Intensity at the nuclear component nearly doubled botweest
the flinhtff of the Second Cosmic Rocket In 1039 and the Electron 2 In 1964. It Is
anticipated that when tM dots recorded with the Motron ; are processed they Wil
provide Information concerning the dependence of the nuclear compoonont on solar
activity. A numIter of solar flame occurred In February and Narch during the
flight of the Slectme 3. Amelysis of the data recorded during theme flame is
awaited vitb gnat Istenstot Orig. arts hasi i fos In, 9 figunsi and I table
. t15
ASSOciftlont l4beraterlys Itessioubmkildt ludsey liziebashoge Lastituta In. P.N.
IA*jodevs Akedentil a&& MR 01ossaW Ray Lebwaftrjo# Fkj~A"
of 1�16212RA-M

. -- -- -T--- -- - m~.
i
lo
. Ii
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.-
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i
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I
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.
;
i i

i

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i

L 38564,66 FSS-2/1_i7:,v r (i )/FCC TTIG4
ACC NRs AP6007751 SOURCE CODE: UR/0293/66/004/0()1/0170/0172
AUTHORS: Xurnosova, L. V.; Mandell shtam, S. L.; Razorenov, L. A.; Tindop L P-;
Fradkin, 11. 1.
ORG: none
TITLEt Occurrences of transient increase in the flux of heavy nuclei following an
x-ray radiation burst
SOURCE: Kosmicheskiye isoledovaniya, v. 4, no. 1, 1966t 170-172
TOPIC TAGS; x radiation, heavy nucleue, artificial satelliteg sigaal to noise ratio
aFtif icial a, atellite observation, solar atmosphere , solar x radiation
ABSTRACT; The transient increase in the flux of heavy nuclei with Z Z 15 is discussed
ior the two periods 22 hr, 31 January, and 02 hr 15 min, 14 February 14, 1964. The
4.rati-on of the flux was about 16 minutes and seemed to correspond to an
r6corded by the instruments on the artificial satellite "Elektron-2.11\rrThe instiruMen
were Cherenkov detectora,7ith an area of 5 cm2. During this sudden increase, the
satellite was at an alti~Kde of 6.6*x 104 km and the wavelength of the recorded x-rays
was A 4 101. 'It is shown after some detailed discussion that this event could not be
caused by statistical fluctuations because the chancedfor recording 100 such events
on the basis of statistical fluctuations in x-rays would be less'than,8.2 x 10,-2.i
Orig. art. has: 2 figures and 2 formulas.
SUB MY'.! 04, 20/ SUBM DATE: 26jul65/ ORIG REF: 004

7-7,1'~- " -
. --. ~ I ; - I ~ . ~ .
T~e sacon~ Elaciation or th,,, Siberian dripre--isi--ii. DA:'! SS~:T": 7ol. 24, :~o. 4.. 1939
So: Mrudy ArktichesPoc-o Nouchno-Tssledovatallskogo fnsti.tuta, GIUSIT Council of
J,
Minist,nrs, Vol. 201, 1948
~-w pa4 - a, C~( AV-,t, -(-
I a44"IL

!'. ".
Altitude of the eaS torn slopen of the UM I E; durJpj~ the rr--. ic,6. DAN)
SSOSR Vol, 27, No. 6, 1940
Sol Trudy Arktichos~.ogo Ibuchno-Issledovatel'shogo Tnst'Ituta, USIPP, Council of
11,inistars, Vol. 2,---l-, 1948

lei ou ot Iis is it 4 Isv R.O. A, A,
35 10
?-Q~ 1-1 1 -11-1 U,
PC $%is
69 it
so A
0 and aww"
'Wildied an bbite kafts by t1
ra ye
T=betimm per *pKimn at 37 ' 1
A SlYMYS6.16 35-40 cu. r
"secimm. Adds. of awarbAc " i
In coma. characteristic of the frunta
:0 tut 1") showed no effect oil rv%piul
0 1=,. by
2 i
Al-SLA

lost U13 MA
to

.-Ov
-of

1.0 hma oil mi;r 0".

12-1.1
c slyotlybe. *.m
Wisfixtra methild. see
6-4 cu. mm. per lar.
n. C(h Is" hr. per
- the Warburg &W to 0
rye chamber (I*-2U
age
m. while anwirubic
L'. It. Kuutaf*.q SO*
goo

COO
see
too
goo
100
boo
1
aeo,
ORTALLUNCOCAL LITIMATW! CLASSIFICATIOM
woo
At a x 19 9 U Is is 411
OT U AV to 4s,
00 111 060100 00 see : 0, 41 0 0 0 0 41 0 *1: 0 0
4 941699940 Go so
D o 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 a
(
a its 0 a 6 1 W as 2 a 0 2 1 T
* 0 0 & 0 * 6 0 0 0 0
640 0 0 0 0 & 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fradkip,j% Ya. and U-vina, L. 3.--"On the of central reZulation of intra-
11 F.
~!Y,Ahalic stress, Jbortii:~ nauch. rabut, !.osrjc,,jhcn. ak,.~'A . Abarbalcha.
Moscow-Leningrad, 11)48, P. 223-27
SO: U-V64, '10 April 1953, (Latonis tZhurnal Inylth Statey, No. 3, 1949)

yal
CHUMLKOV, M.P.; FRADKIN, M.Ya.; SIMYKOVA, B.D.; AVAKTAK A.A.; ZAITS]WA H.S.
New method for trachoma control; therapy with chloromycetin
L and synthomycin. Vest. oft., Moskva 30 no.3:3-9 gay-June 51.
(GIRL 21:1)
1. Of the State Scientific-Research Institute for Eye
Diseases ineni Gellmgolits and of the Institute of Viru-
sology imeni Ivanovsoy of the Academy of Medical Sciences
USSR.

TT--
-Vol Lill 1
3263. INTRA-0CULAR PRESSURE, FOLLOWING STIMULATION 0i.- -rills cERE-
BRAI, CORTEX ANDTHE VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM (Ilu~ssian text)
Fra d k I n M
Ya ' and Pevzner V. 1. - SBORILINFORM.-METOD.
AIA I 195G, 4 (10-12)
Fluctuations of the Intra-ocular pressure were studied In rabbits after the follow-
ing procedures: excision of tile upper cervical sympathetic ganglia; stimulation of
one of the middle cervical sympathetic ganglia with drops of croton oil; a cornbina-
tion of either excision or stimulation of the upper cervical sympathetic ganglia by
tile 1. v. administration of distilled water (30 ml. /kg. body weight); general
anaimthesia of the animal. During anacathesla a suatalned lowering of ocular tell-
sion was observed. Administration of water alone did influence the Inlra-ocular
pressure; however, Introduction of water (luring anaesthesia caused an elevation
of the Intra-ocular pressure. Stimulation of the upper cervical sympathetic gang-
lion with croton oil, combined with Introduction of water, produced an increase of
the Intra-acular tension. The authors hold that the functional condition of the cortex
has a substantial Influence on the intra-ocular tension.
if

FRADKIN, MIRI,.,prof.1 MDJILEVSKAYAl F.Ya.v nauchnyy octimlini
Study of the effect of oxygen introduced into the anterior chamber
in cases of nonreatoration fo32owing antiglaucomatqu" operationso
Oft. zhur. 15 n'o.1457-460 160. (MIRL 1411)
1. Iz Nauchno-inaledovatellakogo institUte, glasnykh ~*iezney im.
Gellmgolltsa (diruktor - A,V*Roslavtsev)*
(MGEN-:-TffjlqmIC Ust) (GIAUCMI)

prof.; VIUDKIM, A.ya., doktor med,nauk; IlWfLOII, L-ya.,
kand.med.nauk; VAVISHT.01, Ye.S. . nauchnyy sotrudnik
Radiation cataract and its troatmont. Vest. rent, i rad. 36 no.4-
83-85 J:L-Ag 16L (Mlh& 15:2)
1. Iz Gosudarstvennogo nauchno-issledevatellskogo instituta glaznykh
bolemey in)oni Qellmgo:lltsa (#r, A.V.Roslavtsov).
tUDIATION SICKULBS) kCATARACT)

SIKHARULIDZE, I.A.9 zasl. cloyatell nauki, prof.p otv. red.;
BERADZE, N.I., dote., otv. red.; ARKIIANGELISKIY, V.N.,
prof., red.; ABULAD:E, V.A., red.; ANTEIAVA, D.N., kand.
med. nauk, red.; BOGOSLOVSKIY, A.I., doktor biol. nauk,
red.; BUNIN, A.Ya., kand. med. nauk, red.; VILENKBA, A.,
doktor med. nauk, red.; VISITEVSKIY, N.A., prof., red.;
ZARUBIN, G.S., nauchn. sotr., red.; ITSIKSON, L.Ya., kand.
med. naukq red.; KRASNOV, M.L., zasl. deyatell nauki, prof.,
red.; MACHARASHVILI, P.D., zeal. vrach Gruz. SSR, red.;
PUCIIKOVSKAYA, N.A., prof., red.; HADKIN, Ye.B.p prof., red.;
RSHZHECHITSKMA, O.V., kand. med. nauk, red.; ROSLAVTSEV,
A.V.# st. no=bn. sotr., red.; TARTAKOVSKAYA, A.I., kand.
med. nauk, red.; FRADKIN M.Ya.p prof., red.; KHAYUTIII, S.M.,
prof., red.; CHERffAKOVS IYI-G.Ya., kand. med. nauk, red.;
CHKONIYA, E.A., kand. med, nauk, red.; SHATILOVA, T.A.,
doktor med. nauk, red.; YAKOVLEV, A.A., nauchn.sotr..* red.
[Materials of the Second All-Union Conference of Ophthal-
mologists] Materialy Vsesoiuznoi konferentsii oftallmolo-
gov. Tbilisio Respublikanskoe nauchn. ob-vo oftallmologov
Gruz.SSR, 1961. 498 p. (MIRA 18:1)
1. Vaesoyuzntqa konferentsiya oftallmologov, 2d, Tiflis, 1961.
2. Chlen-korreepondent AMN SSSR (for Arkhangellskiy).

FRADKIN, M.Y&IIVILLINKINA, A.YA.; ITSIKSONp L.Ia.; UYNSHTEYNp 76036
Biochemical principles and the differential diagnosis of primArY
cataracts. Uch.zap. GNII glaz.bol.no.8:7-12163, (MIRA 16;9)
1. Gosudarotvennyj nauchno-iseledovatellskiy institut glaz-
nych bolezney ineal, Gellmgolltoa.
(C,kfARACT) (DIkGNOSIS, DIMRMIAL)

I-WKIN, M.Yag;VILENKINA, J,.Y&.; ITSIKSON, L. Yaw; UYNSHTEYN, Ye.S.
Conservative treatment of initial cataracte. uch.zap. Wai
glaz.bol. no.8sEV+P-S'0'63* (MIRA 16:9)
(CATIWT) (CYSTEINE)

FRADKIN, 11. G.
OBRUCIMV, V. V. and N. G. FRADKIN. Po vnutrennei Azii. M.V. Pevtsov, V.A. Obruchov.
Moskva, Geografgiz, 1947. 87 P. (Rusakie puteshestvenniki) BibLiography.- p. 85-87.
WaU DW: DK851.032
SOi LC., Soviet Geographys Part I. 1951j, Uncl.

0
P-k~. fl. - -
FROM, 11. G. Futeshestviia I.I. Lepekhina, N.IA. Uzeretskovskogo, V.F. Zueva. (Seriia
"Russkie 1)uteshestvennikill). Moal-va, Geografgizp 1948. 94 P-
SO: LGj Soviet Geography, Part 1, 1951, Uncl.

1. 'nudjia!li' '.". C'.
2. ussit (6oo)
)j. Geology and Oeography
7- In tim Mountains amd Dosorts o.'.' Central Asisp V. A. Obruchov.
(Prejs of Acad Sci USSR, 1948.) Roviewed by N. G. Fradkin,
Sov. Kniga, No. 1, 1.949.
9. FIT Reuort U-30P1, 16 Jan. 195.3. Unclassified.

FRA-DKI-Ii. N. G.
19832 FlUYIN, H. G.
Imena Rumakich puteshestveanlkov nv. geografichoskoy karte. Nach. akhola, 191sq, no 6, s. 12-1
SO: LETOPIS ZIRMNAL STATET a No., .27, Moskva, 1949

Z- I "T
, r . (I
,i. _;.
"One Hundred and Twenty-Firth Anniversary of the Birth of P. P. Semenov-Tian-
ShansIdy," Iz. Ak. llauk SSSR, Ser. geog.,, No.1, 19,52

- RA, .; i
71 i~gj)t ) 11. Cl.
,
"Russian Geoerapher-Haturalist (Academician I. I. Lepukhin and His Journeys
throuch Russia, 1768-1773)"., Reviewed by D. Lebedev. Vokrug sveta, No-5, 1952
11 i ~. I y-.1, . : - , ~- - - -
. ,,: ~ F. ~ -', , , I I ~ .1". . - .

m
mimmi, 11.
Po zeirie Kamchatskoi fover the land of Kamchatka7. Moskva, Detgiz, 1953. 64 P.
SO; Monthly List of Russian Accessionsp Vol. ? No. 1 April 1954,
I.-- I..-,-- - ~- --- --- ~ 1111- --- 11-i '-- -,
---4
i ; I '~ , '; -': ~-'- * :I- -"; "'j . : -I,- I "- . '~ ~1'. ,
I . . . ~ %*i . .i.' --. . . , L : ~.

HURZAYAV. I.; FRAIZIN, N.G., redaktor.
IN.M.Prshevallskil] I.M.Prshevallakil. Moskva, Go*. isd-vo geogr.
lit-ry, 1953. 54 P. (KX2A 7:8)
(Prshavallskil, Nikolai Rkhatlevich, 1839-1888)

YMKIN. N.G.
(Academician 1.1,Iepekhin und his travels in Russia in 1768-17731 Akademik
I.I.Lopekhin i ego Tmteshestviia po Rossli v 1769-1773 g.9.] (2.izd.] go-
sk-va, Goo.izd-vo geogr.lit-ry, 1953. 218 p. (IG-RA 6:7)
(Zopekhin. Ivan Ivanovich. 1740-1802)

FWKIN, fiNsjG#qr'yevjch; IMASEMMIKOV, S.P.; SOWVITA-V, A.I., rodaktor;
m , a.A., redaktor; MOSHEISTA, S.M. , tekhnlcheuki7 redaktore
S.P.Krashennikov. IN& red.A.I.Solovieva. 2-e izd. Moskva, Goo. izd-vo
geograficheekol lit-ry. 1954. .43 p. (MM& 8:5)
(Irashennikov, Stepan Petrovich, 1713-1755)

FRAMIN, N. G.
%d pow1w"W~%
S.P* lras~Mnnikov. 2-e izd. Moskva, Geografgiz. 1954. 45 p
(MLU 8:2D;
nx -",*-- P- -~ , -.1

; ~- ~6~
FRADKIN, N.. kandidat geografichaskikh nauk*
Readero of an ancient book. Vokrug eveta no.2:57-60 7 155.
(Kamchatka-Desaription and travel) (MIRL 8:4)
.. '-- "i - -. I -- ~, ~; -.1 z

FMKII, N., kandid&t geografleheskikh nxuk.
A book's fate (*Book of Xarco Polo.9 Book reviewed by N.Yrad4n).
Yokru,g sveta no.10:61-62 0 155. Oum 9:1)
(PoIN Xarco, 1254-1323)

FRADKIN, N.G.
"?,PdSemenov-Tian-Shanakil and his work on geography." Y.I.Chernlavokli.
Reviewed by N.G,Fradkln*7,-Izv.AN SSSR.S9r*.ge9g.no.4:143-145 Jl-Ag 056.
(Semenov-Telan-Shanskii, Petr Petrovich, 1827-1914) (KM 9:10Y
01mmlavskii, V.I.)

RRAIRIN, N.G.
(The road south frois the Celestial Nountainal Pat' k iugtL ot
Nebeenykh gor. Koelcva, Gos.lsd-vo detakoi lit-ry, 1958.
133 P. (MIRA 13:8)
(Asia, Central-Description and travel)

10-58-3-13/29
AUfHOHS: Grekov, V.I., Lebedev, D.M., Ye.R. Lopatina, Fradkin, N.G.
TITLE: Memorable Dates From the History of '~eograp ical Science
(Pamyatnyye daty iz istorii geograficheskoy nauki)
PLR10DICAL: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geograficheskaya, 1958,
Nr. 3P PP 811-87 (USSR)
A.dSTRACT:
AVAILABLE:
Card 1/1
With this article the periodical starts to publish biographic-
al sketches of outstanding Soviet and foreign geographers.
Library of Congress
1. Biographies Geographers
2. Periodicals - USSR

BOGCYAVIENSKIT, G.F.; DUNAIEV, Y.N.; NMSXKIN, D.Y.. Prinimaliuchastiye:
GALITSKIT, V.A.. GRIN,,M.F., kand.ekonom.nauk, nauchnyy red.;
ZABALIN, I.M., kand.geograf.uauk. nauchnyy red.; SAMSONIM, L.Y.,
nauchnyy red.; FM kand.geograf.nauk, nauchnyy red.;
KALICHZVSXIY, K&
re.. re ".Icar;: GLIYKH. D.A., tekhn.red.
[The earth and its people; a geographical calendar for 19591
Zemlia i liudi; geograficheakii kalendar', 1959. Moskva, Geo-
grafgize 1958. 390 p. (MIn 120)
(Geograpby)

iis
Ali
tv R.1i; 1. 1 1 1!
AV
"Buil
SID
I ilk p

SOV-10-58-4-13/28
AUTHORS: Grekov, V.I.I.Kamanin, L.G., Lebedeva, D.M., Lopatina, Ye.R.F
Frudkinp N.C.
TITLE: Landmarks in the History of Geographical Science
(.euuqutnyye daty iz istorii geograficheskoy nauki)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR, Seriya geograficheskaya,
1958, Nr 42 PP 87-90 (USSR)
ABSTRACTs This article contains a list of memorable events in the
field of gecgraphy from 1508 to 1933.
1. Geography-USSR.
Card 1/1

FRADKIN, Haum Grigorlyevich; SAKARSKAYA, N., red.; KORNMVA, V.,
1-1, I'll ' "'tskhnred;-- ".
[Birth of the map; pages from the history of geographical
discoveries) Roslidenie karty; stranitsy is istorli geogra-
ficheskikh otkrytii. Moskva, lzd-vo TsK VLKS( "Holodaia
gvardiia.0 1959. 159 -P. (MIRA 12:8)
(Cartography)

BOGOTAVLObIlY, G.P.; DUNAIRY, Y.N,; UNIX)SKKIN, D.Y,; DAHILOYA, N.A.,
avtor kart; KIMMIKH, A.O., avtor kart. Prinimal uchastiye
GALITSKIT, V.A.. GRIN, N.Y., kand.okonom.nAuk. nauchnyy red.;
ZABIMIN. 1.M., kand.geormf.nauk. nouchnyy red.; SANSONWO.
L.Y., nauchn" red.; nyjJUjX.Q,,k9nd.geograf.nauk, nauchnyy
red.; KALICHRVSKIT, a.F., red.kart; BALICHMO, R.K.. mladshiy
red,; GLIMM, D.A., tekhn.red.
[The earth and the people; geographical calendar for 19601 Zemlia
i liudi; geograficheakii kalendarl 1960. Moskva, Geografgiz,
1959. 381 p.(_ Seasonal phenomena in U.S.S.R.naturel-Sezon-
nye iavleniia v pri.rode SSSR. Soot.N.A.Danilova, A.O.Kammrikh.
12 maps. (KIRA 13:3)
(Geography-Dictionaries) (Calendars)

SOV/10-59-1-15/32
AUTHORS: Grekov, V.I., Kamanin, L.G., Lebedev, D.M1., Fradkin,
TITLE: Memorable Dates From the History of Geographical
Science, Third Review (Pamyatnyye daty iz istorii
geograficheskoy nauki - Obzor tretiy)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya geografiche-
skaya, 1959, Nr 1, pp 106-108 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: This survey covers 10 memorable dates from the 18th
and early 19th centuries.
Card 1/1

BOGOTAVLENSKIY, G.P.; ITIMO&ZIN, D.V.; MALICHEVSKIY, G.N., red.-sostnvitell
knrt; BEIANIKIY, A.3., kand.intor.nauki nauchnyy r9de-; Gm...K.7.0
kand,ekonom.nouk, ruiuchnyy red.; ZABELIN, I.M., kand.ge ograf.nauk.
nauchnn red.; SAMSMENKO, L.Y., nauchnyy red.
knnd.geograf.nauk, i2suchnyy red.; RKLIGHENKO, R.K., mledshiy
red.; VIE, SKAYA, E.H., tekhn.red.
[The land and the p3ople; the 1961 geographical calendar] Zemlia
i liudi; geografich3skii kalendarl 1961. Moskva, Izd-vo geogr.
lit-ry, 1960. 262 :p. f--New construction projects. 1959-1965;
color W'R. Appendix to 62amlie i liudi," the 1961 geographical
calendarj Novost.roiki oemiletki, 1959-1965; tsvetrwis karta.
Prilozhanie k goograficheskomu. kalendariu "Zemlia I liudil na
1961 g. (MIRA 14:1)
(Geography) (Russia--Industries--Kaps)

FRAIKIN. Naum Grigorlyevich; GRIGORIUY. A.A., skedemik, otv. red.;
S i -NI-LO-Y-A,-'R-. I.-,- re-d=.za-va.- moVICHKOTA, I.D., takhn. red.
[History of research on the physical geography of the U.S.S.R.,
1917-19271 Ocharki po istorii fisiko-geogreficheakikh issle-
dovenii territoril SSSR, 1917-1927 gg. Moskva, Izd-vo Aked.
nauk SSSR, 1961. 245 p. (KIRA 14:5)
(Physical geography)

FRADKIN, Naum Grigorlyevicb; PERVAKOV, I.L., red.; CiffiRian, m.p,r
S.M., tekhn. red.
[From the four corners of the world] S chetyrekh storon gori-
zonta. Moskva., Geogra:Cgiz, 1962. 141 p. (MIRA 15-6)
(Voyages and travels)

BOGOYAVLENSKIYt G.P.; TIXHCt4:UWVI V.N.;-Prinimala uchastiye NEDOSEKINA,
D.V.; EELENIKIY, A.B.,., kand. Istorich. nauk, nauchnyy red.;
(R17Ij M~Fqj kande ekonom. naukp nauchnyy red,; ZABEL321j I.M.p
kand. geogr. nauk, nituchnyy red.; SAMSONENKO, L.V.,, nauchnyy
red,;. ~KINj-JLG*V kand. geogr. nauk; MALICHINSKIY, G.N.j
red. kart; BELICHENKO, R.K., mladshiy red.; VIIZNSKAYA, E.N.j
tekbn. red.
(Land and people; geographical
geograficheakii kalendart 1962.
ry, 1961. 253 P- __ (Afribal
Supplement] Afrika 1!)51 1 1961
calendar for 1962]Zemlia i liudi;
Moskva, Gos.izd-vo geogr. lit-
1951 and 1961; colored maps.
gody; tsvetnye karty. Prilozhenie.
(IAIRA 15:2)
(Geography) (Africa-Maps)

I
GRENDVI V.Ioj FRADKINi-
Session of a joint meeting of the Departments of Geology#
.Geographyl and Chemiatry of the Academy of Sciences of the
U,S,S,R. dedicated to the 250th anniversary ov M.V.14monosov's
birth. Izv. AN SSSR. Ser. geog no.lv160-161 Ja-F 162.
(HnRA 15 12)
(Lomonosov, Mikhail Vasillervich,, 173-1 - 1765)

BOGOYAVLENSKIYt G.P.; TIKHOMIFDV, V.N.; Prinimali uchastiye: SHISHKIN,
I.B.; MALICHEVSKII, G.N.j GALITSKIY, V.A.; BELENIKIY, A.B., kand.
ist. nauk, nauchnyy red.; GRIN, M.F., kand. ekon. nauk, nauchnyy
red.; ZABELIN, I.M., kand. geogr. nauk; SAMSONENKO, L.V., nauchnyy
red. XEADKIN N *G kand. geogr. nauk, nauchnyy red.; BELICHENKO,
R.K., mladshi ~re VILENSKAYA, E.N., tekhn. red.
(The land and people; geographical calendar for 1963]Zemlia i liudi;
geograficheskii kalendarl 1963. Moskva, Geografgiz, 1962. 303 P.
I (MIRA 16:2)
(Geography--Yearbooks)

BOGCYYAVIMSKIY, G.P.j SHISHE321, I.B.; Prinimal uchafitiye GALITSKIY,
V.A.; MALIGMNSKIY, G.N., red.-sostavitell kart; BELEIIIKIY,
A.B., kand. ist. rauk,, nauchn. red.; GRIN, Y.F., kand. ekon.
nauk, nauchn. red.; ZABELIW. I.M., kand.geogr. nauk, nauchn.
red.; SAMSONICNKO, L*V,p nauchn,rede; F.RAD.K.I.N
N.G.$ kand,
41314j,-:4 -
geogr, naukq nauchns red.; BELIGHENKO, 11-II.K., mlad. re
KIRIYANOVA, Z.V., mlad. red.; VILENSKAYA, E.N., tekhn. red.
(Land and people; geographical calendar for 19641 Zemlia i
liudi; geograficheskii kalendart 1964. Moskva, Gos.izd-vo
geogr. lit-ry, 1963. 302 p. (MIRA 17:2)

BOGGYAVLENSKIY, G.P.; S11SHK121, T.B.; GALITSKIYt V.A.; BELENIKIY,
A.B.# kand.ist. naW.,, nauchn. red.; GRIN, M.F., kand.
ekon. nauk, nauchn. red.; ZABELIN, I.M., kand. geogro
nauk, nauchn. red.; LAPPO, G.M.,, kand. geogr. nauk,
nauchn. red.; SCSOHENKO, L.V., red.;J~ADKP!1, N.G., kand.
V' p irad
geogr. nauk, nauchn. red.; KIRIYANOVA, Z. . . red.
[The land and the poople; Geographical calendar for 19651
Zemlia i liudi; Geograficheskii kalendarl 1965. Moskvap
Mys-1 1) 1964. 303 P. (MIRA 18:1)