SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT FOK, M.V. - FOK, N.V.

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• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000413410011-6
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 23, 2000
• Sequence Number: 11
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

"Detection of i1ol 7ation of Eu ++ in the phosphor SvS-Eu, Sm by the paramagnetic
resonance abso t on method."
J~A
report submitted-40 The Electrochemical Society, 117th Meeting - Chicago, ni.,
1-5 MaY 60, Symposium on Luminescence.
Physics Institute im. P. N. Lebedev, USSR Acklemy of Sciences.

FOX, H. V. and VINOKUROV, L. A.
On the Role of a Stimulating Action of Exciting Light in the
Luminescence Kinetics of the Crystalline Phosphor ZnS-Cu
L. A. Vinokurov and M. V. Fock, P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Academy of
Sciences of the U*S.S.Ro.. and Moscow, U.S.S.Re
It is shown that electrons' release from traps in ZnS-Cu phosphor by an
exciting light leads to decrease of the electron concentration on deep traps with
increase of axeitation intensitye After renoving the excitation,, the distribution
of electrons over traps gradually approaches equilibrium distribution. A flesh
under the action of an infrared light is determined mainly by release of electrons
from deep levels. Therefore the above effects may be detected by measuring the
value of the flash under different intensities of afterglow and at variOU3 stages
of decayo
Report presented at the 117th Meeting of the Electrochmical Society, Chicagot
1-5 may 1960.

AUTHORS:
TITLE:
38052 R
S/05l/6o/ooq/oo6/oll/O18
E201/E314
Georgobiani, A.N. andZ2!S-~-
Principal Peaks of Electroluminescent Brightness
Waves-
PERIODICAL: Optika i spektroslcopiya, 1960, Vol. 9, No. 6,
pp.-775 - 781
TEXT! The auth~3rs studied ZnS:Cu:Al Dhosphors with 10-3
S-atom/g-moie Cu ana 10-' S-atom/g-tnalo Al. An oscillogram or
the electroluminescent brightness (Curve II) is shown together
with an oscillogram of-the exciting sinusoidal voltage
(Curve I) in Fig. 1. The brightness consists of an alternating
compannt, known as the brightness wave, and a constant component
denoted by B -.The brightness wave has a principal peak,
denoted by ~A during each half-period of the exciting'voltage.
Under some conditions a subsidiary peak (6) appears in the
brightness wave; this peak is usully weaker than the principal
peak. The two peaks are resolved better when\the exciting
voltage waveform is trapezoidal .(Figs. 2, 3). Fig. 4 shows
positions of the' principal brightness peak as a function of.the
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S/051/6o/oo9/oo6/o11/ol8
Principal Peaks of .... E201/E314
amplitude of voltage pulses. Figs. 5, 6, 7 give the "critical
voltage" as a function of the front rise-time of voltage
pulses (Fig- 5), and as a function of temperatures (Figs. 6 and
7). By the critical voltage the authors mean the voltage which
empties even the deepest localization levels in the phosphor.
The form of the brightness waves showed that, at high applied
voltages, electrons were liberated primarily by electric fields.
At low applied voltages electrons were freed by collision
ionization (at low temperatures) or by tunnelling through
p,9t.ential barriers (at high temperatures). The optical phonon
energies and th6 energy depths of local levels in ZnS were found
from the values of the critical field intensities at which
complete liberation of trapped electrons occurred. The optical
phonon energies found in this way were in good agreement with
values deduced from the vibrational structure of the "edge
luminescence" spectrum. The level depths agreed with the donor
-depths found from the equilibrium density of free electrons in
ZnS:Cu crystals.
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Principal Peaks of
Ilite. 1. Ocipmorpabom UPHOOT11
DJIOI(TPO.IIOIIHIIOCItOHIkIIII (11) 11
noa6picAmmaro... m4npmitc.
There ar(i 7 figures, 2 tables and 13 references:
and 7 non-Soviet.
SUBMITTED: May 26, 196o
Fig. 2:
Fig. I
r -\j
6 Soviet
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S/051/6o/ooq/oo6/oii/oi8
E201/B314
V
Pite. 2. 0owumoi-Immuk iipiwcrit
').IOHTP0.110MHIICCItOItIIFIII 111111 Tphtto-
mionitimom aoa6ymAajomem jinnim-
MPI(Mr.
r

86265
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(0 0 BoivBo56
AUTHOR: 129K-X-1L-
TITLE, Electroluminescence
PERIODICAL: Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk, 19601 Vol. 72, No. 3,
pp. 467 - 478
TEXT: In the introduction, the author briefly dAscuases lumines'-'ence 4~n
general, mentioning Vavilov and Cherenkov. It it3 known -!.hat that kird of
luminescence is described as electrjlum-~neq-.encte, ..in which ,he lumines- VY
cent body receives its energy from an eli-.otric field. The intarr-alaticii
between photoluminescence, cathodoluminescenc~s, X-raj-lumin"-s,~sr.:;e, and
electroluminescenoe is pointed out, which consists in the lumirop-hores
being induced to luminesce by various excitations. The followlng three
questions arise when investigating slectrolumineacence: 1) Where do the
free charges come from which are acc6lerated in the electrio field?
2) In what manner and where do these charges get their en~--Ey the
electric field and transmit them to the lumines3en:e 3) At what
moment does de-excitation take place,and how is it reguiatrd? For. the
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Electroluminescence S/053/60/072/003/002/004
B019/BO56
purpose of observing luminescence, the methods suggested by 0. V,. Losev
(Ref-1) and Destriau (Ref.2) are described. The observation of 111mi-nos.-
cence at p-n-junctions during the current passage is dis~,uased. At the
Pizicheskiy instAtut A.N SSSR im. P. N. Lebodeva of Physics
of the AS USSR imeni P. N. Lebedev) experiments on zinf. rjulfid~--s wore
carried out in the course of the recent five years undc-r the supervision
of V. V. Antonova-Romanovskiy at the LaboratorLya I.m.
S. I. Vavilova (Laboratory for Luminescence imeni S. I, Vavilov). At thq
same time, similar experiments were carried out by T. 1. Voznsaenskaya,
R. M. Medvedova, Ye. I. Panasyuk, and Z. A. Trap6zn.ikova. This work Is
briefly discussed and among others, V. Ye. Orarovsk-ly, V. S. Trofimov,
A, N. Georgobian, Ye. Ye. Bukke, and L. A. Vinoku~,,r~ are mertlionsd. The
results of these investigations indica*.!~, that els-.;troIumines:sn-E- actual-
ly is a self-regulating process, and that this ragulat_-or. takes placte
by changing the electron quant-Ity; whiah takes part ir the lumine:scenoe.
The considerable increase of brightness with an inorease of "he &pplied
voltage is connected with an imp~rovewent of the i~ondil'~ions for ar, ac-
celeration of the electrons as well as with the ircrease of -the number
of the electrons taking part ir- the lu-minescence. Experiments carried
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Electroluminescence S/053/60/072/003/00,"/004
B019/ "056
out on pulverulent electroluminophores, in whioh knowledge of electro-
luminescence is still very incomplete, indicate that apart from external,
the latter possess also internal electron sources. Herefrom it would fol-
low that brightness as a function of voltage would depend not only on
the number of electrons participating in lumines,7ence, but also on the
conditions of their acceleration in that crystal range, in which the V/
non-ionized luminescence centers exist. Finally, the importance of study-
ing luminescence for solid body physics on the one hand and for technical
engineering on the other is pointed out. B. T. Fedyushin and
B. A. Khmelin are mentioned. There are 3 figures and 35 references:
21 Soviet, 4 German, and 7 US-
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FOX, M. V.
Electrolumineseence. Usp. fiz. nauk 77 no.3s467-478 N 1150.
(KRA 16:8)
(Electrolumineseence)

- - -- -FOK-M V - - 002210V-A-9-- V. 1.-, red.;-SVESMUKOV, A.A.,,-toklm. red.- - -
(Theory of electroluminoseent image convertors] Tooriia elektro-
liuminestsentnykh proobrazovatelei izobrazheniia. Moskva, Izd-
VO "Sovetskoe radio," 1961. 50 P. (KIRA 15:2)
(Photoelectric cells)

GBORGOBUNI-p A.N.; FOKp M.V.
Process determining the voltage dependence of the man bri
.ghtness
of electroluminescence. Opt. i spektr. 10 no.2:188-193 P 161.
(MM U.: 2)
(IA-i soence)

VINOKM~Wp ~,Aq F1DKt M,V.
Role of the stimu-'ating action of excitation light in the kinetics
of the liminescence of the crystal phosphor ZnS-Cu, 0 t i qelctr,
10 noo2tR25-231 F.161. %R; 3-4:2)
(phosphors) (Luminescence)

a
VINOKUROV, L.A.; FOK,_M.V.
Determining the depth of electron traps in W Lhosphors bry
the flash occurr1W under ths action of infrared light. Opt*'i
spektr. 1U no.3:374-378 Hr 163., (MIRA 14:8)
(Electrons-44pture) (Infrared rays) (Zinc sulfide)

GEORGOBIANI, A.N,;-FOK, M.V. -
Dependence of the phase of brightness waves of electroluTrineseence
on the parameters of the exciting voltage. OptA spektr. -11
no.1:93-97 JTl 161. (IMA 14: 10)
(luminescence)

24416
S/051/61/011/001/003/00(3
It. 3 E036/E435
ll-c-a -0
i
AUTHOR; Fok, M.V.
TITLE: On the relation between the blue and green
luminescence bands of ZnS--Cu under electroexcitation
PERIODICAL: Optika i spektroakopiya, 1961, Vol.11, No.1, pp.98-104
TEXT: An approximate theoretical ca-lculation is carried out for
the recombination interaction between the blue and green
luminescent centres of ZnS-Cu in the presence of an alternating
electric field. It is shown that the field*markedly complicates
the- observed phenomena. The author had'previously shown that for
optical excitation the ratio of the brightness of the blue and
green bands is determined by exchange of holes between the blue and
green luminescent centres. In the present work the individual
crystals are assumed divided into three regions under the action of
the field. In the first region there is a space charge, the
centres being ionized and the electrons dispersed. In the second
region there is hardly any field but there may be many ionized'
centres created in the preceding half period of the alternating
field with which the electrons from the first region recombine.
These two regions change places in the succeeding half cycle and*
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S/051/61/011/001/003/006
On the relation between the blue ... Z036/E435
give rise to the alternating light component whilst the centre
region,in which there is no field and few ionized centres, gives
the constant component. The field tends to remove holes from
region I to the boundaries and inhibits the hole transfer between
centres. In the second region the transfer is inhibited by the
presence of free electrons. The third region is neglected as its
contribution to the total luminescence Is small. A system of
kinetic equations is set up for the first two regions noting that
the final conditions in one region provide the initial conditions
when this region alternates with the other region. In region one
recombination of electrons with the ionized centres is neglected
because of the high electron energy and small effective
recombination cross-section; also the hole concentration is taken
as constant. In the second region both electron recombination and
variation of hole concentration with time must be taken into account,
but the electron concentration is assumed constant as they enter from
"he fira-t region. Expressions can then be obtained for the
concentration of ionized blue and green centr-es- as a funct�on bf
time and the ratio of brightness of the bands calculated'in terms
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S/051/6i/oli/oof 03/006
On the rclation between the blue ... E036/E435
of trap parameters. The complicated'expression is then
simplified for particular cases. Thus for small excitation
intensities the ratio of the blue to green intensities is the
same as for photo excitation. Inserting parameters previously
evaluated from photo excitation experiments (Ref.l: Opt. i spektr.,
2, 475, 1957) the expression can be simplified and it is seen that
the rntio of intensities at large excitation levels is frequency
sensitive but almost independent of excitation level in accordance
with the observed behaviour. By comparison w1th the observed
frequency dependence ratios of recombination level parameters are
estimated and it is deduced that the presence of the field increases
the probability of hole liberation by 5 to 6 orders. The theory
cannot, however, be regarded as established because of the
approximations, the lack of independent checks on parameters and
comparison with experiment has only beer. effected for one sample.
Ye.Ye.Bukke made available some of his experimental results.
There are 3 figures and 5 references, all Soviet.
SUBMITTED: August 10, 1960
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2- V, 3 "5,6 0
AUTHOR: Fok, M. V,
TITLE, Electroluminescence
293W
S/053/61/075/002/003/007
B125/B102
PERIODICAL: Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk, v. 75, no. 2, 1961, 259-261
TEXT: This is a condensed report on a lecture delivered at a seminar
meeting of the Fizi-cheskiy institut im. P. N. Lebedeva AN SSSR (Physics
Institute imeni P. N. Lebedev, AS USSR) on March 28, 1961 in memory of
S~ I. Vavilov. The main part of this lecture was published already earlier
(Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk, v. 72, no. 3, 1960, 467). According to
A. N. Georgobiani and M. V. Fok (Optika i spektroskopiya 9, 775 (1960);
1
M, 187 (1961)), the greatest depth of electron traps inv';'1ved in ZnS
electroluminescence is - 0.7 ev. The total number of electrons accumulated
in the traps and migrating in the crystal is determined by the tunnel
effect at all temperatures, These electrons originate either from the
conductive phase (e,g,, Cu S on the surface of crystallites) or from the
2
ZnS lattice itself. A strong electric field is capable of liberating both
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29 3:1'%~
S/053/61 '/075/002/003/007
Electroluminescence B125/B102
electrons and holes from the traps According to M. V, Fok (Optika i
spektroskopiya 11, 98 (1961)), the frequency dependence cf the ratic of the
'~-blue band to that of the green band is ue to the ell-10-It
intensity of th
of the electric field on recombination. The yield can be increased bothby
loy.ering the concentration of radiationless recombination centers and by
increasina the orobability of hole trapping by luminesc=-nce centers,
V M. Bonch-Bruyevich et al. (Optika i spektroskoDiya. 1), 87 (1)61
carried out microscoDic examinations of brightness wnves in blue Find green
luminescence bands on excitation by square pulses, When the external
electric field vanishes, the liberation of electrons from traps and their
flow int-a the region of highly concentrated ionized luminescence centers
art. interrupted. No such phenomenon occurs in the blue band. This
discrepancy, which becomes distinct at pulses shorter than 30 Psec. is due
to recombination interaction of luminescence centers and can be explained
by V, Vv Antonov-Romanovskiylsdiffusion theory of Iumine,9cence (Trudy FIAN
2, vyp 2-3. 157 (1943)), T. P. Belikova and M, D. Galanin (Tzv, AN SSSRj
ser-, fiz, 25, 364 (1961)) found different attenuation rates of blue and
p,roen bands in one and the snrre intorval even if a opark of very shortdurit-
tionwac;c,xcitedbylie,,htoralplin particles. There are 7 Scviet references,
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jr
5-60
AUTHORS:
TITLE:
~Yol~u
S/051/62/013/001/011/019
E039/E42O
Vinokurov, L.A., Fok. M.V.
The final stages of tho'build-up of the blue an *d
green luminescence bands of ZnS-Cu, Cl phosphor
PERIODICAL: Optika i spekti~oskopiya, v.13,no .1, 1962, 118-1,23
TEXT: Kinetic equations for the build up of the blue and green
luminescence bands in ZzxS-Cu are set up and a theory developed on
the basis of recombination interactions in luminescence c ntres.
Experiments were pgrformed on the phgsphors: ZnS-Cu (10-9 g/S oq),
NaCl, ZnS-Cu (10- g/S eq), Co (10- Z/g eq) and four samples
of so-called self-activated ZnS phosphors; these rely on a very
smail amount of Cu impurity for their luminescence. All the
data presented refers to measurements at room temperature.
Curves are plotted for log (1 - I/I00) against time for the blue
and green bands; the distance between them is equal to log
i.e. if is constant the curves are parallel. When the
excitation proceeds in the presence of infrared light the build up
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S/051/62/013/001/011/019
The final stages E039/E420
is faster. This is due to the increased*probability of freeing
electrons. 11 in three cases has values between 2 and 3.5 which VV
compares with the predicted value.. In the case of self activated
ZnS the blue and green bands build up at the same rate. It is
suggested that this is caused by a.weakening of recombination
interaction at luminescence contras. Variations in the- values
of obtained experimentally are thought to be due to non-
uniformity of the phosphors. In general, the build-up of intensity
of the-blue and green bands follow different laws only in the
initial and middle stages, and follow the same law as they '
approach equilibrium. Further experiments are required using
samples prepared under different cond:Ltions:in order to check the
extent of the validity of the calculations for self activated ZnS.
There are 4 figures.
SUBMITTED: June 7, 1961
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--E& M.V. .
opt. i spektr. 13
On the ideal thermal BOurce Of light' (MIRA 16:3)
~0-41612-613 0 '620 (Electric laMP0)

f 0,9 42194
0,0 S/051/62/013/oo4/009/023
E039/E491
AUTHORS: Goorgobiani, A.N., L'vova, YO.Yu.,,�ok,-N-V--
TITLE; Absorption of energy in electroluminescence
PERIODICAL: Optika i spektroskopiya, v-13, no.4, 1962, 564-568
TEXT: Measurements are made of the energy absorbed from the
electric field applied to an electroluminescent condenser 'when a.
sinusoidal exciting voltage is used. These measurements are of
importance in the study of processes occurring in luminescent
materials and are of practical value in determining the usefulness
of luminescent materials as light sources. The current waveform
pr-oduced by the applied sinusoidal voltage is markedly
non-sinusoidal. Instantaneous and average values of the power
absorbed are obtained by means of a galvanometer oscillograph
method and the average values are compared with values obtained
by means of bridge measurements. The accuracy of relative power
measurements using the oscillograph is 5% and for absolute values
12("/.
ju The minimum value of power measured is 0.008 mW for 50 V
applied'and the maximum is 100 mW for 1000 V applied. The power
wavefornt is also nonsinunoidal and the nonlinearity increases with
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Absorption of energy ... E039/E491
increasing voltage. The ZnS-Cu,Al as well as the ZnS-Cu from
two other sources used all contained chlorine and were in layers
0.03 to 0.04 mm thick. Measurements were made at room
temperature using a 50 cycle voltage supply. A (t)D- Y 19 (FEU 19)
photomultiplier calibrated against a thermopile was used for
measuring luminescent energy yields giving a relative accuracy of
650' and an absolute accuracy of 3031~0- As the voltage is increased,
the electroluminescence yield passes through a maximum -1% of
the*absorbed power for voltages of 200 to 275 V, comparable for
all the phosphors. The bridge method gives a value of the yield
some 255% lower than that determined by the oscillograph method.
Maximum light efficiencies are 8 to 9 lumens/watt. The results
are compared with theory and good agreement obtained. There are
4 figures.
SUBMITTED: July 21, 1961
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0499,
s/o5l/62/0l3/oo6/ol9/027
E039/El2O
AUTHORS: Fok, M.V., and Fridman, S.A.
TITLEi Relation between the rate of decay and the luminescence-
yield under strong excitation
PERIODICALt Optika i mpektroakopiya, V-13, no.6, 1962, 869-871
TEXT: The introduction of*a quenching agent to accelerate the
initial phosphorescent decay produces a.reduction in the initial
intensity. Tests are made to-determine a quantitative connection
between the rate of decay.and the luminescent yield. The initial
decay is determined not by recombination but by the transition of
electrona from deep traps. This reduction in intensity follows an
exponential law: 6 1W2T t,
I e 61 + 62 M_
where 61 and 62 are the probabilities of trapping electrons in
deep and shallow. traps. The luminescent yield from a phosphor
with two types of trap is given by:
Cq~rd 1/ 2

'Relation between the rate'of decay... S/051/62/013/oo6/ol9/027
E039/El2O
PlW6l PlW62 (2)
TW-
.16 PW26
where and p.1 are recqmbination coefficients of free electrons
and holes; 6 is the probability of trapping free holes; W1 , W2
and W are the probabilities of liberating electrons from deep
and shallow traps, and holes from ionised luminescence centres.
From this the followini expression is derivedg
T, pW,6 Wl~ (W2Ttn (3)
no - 1 ~71- - o-gn
W62 + W 2 ~71 I)
where no is the value of I at 6 0, i.e. without a quenching
agent. This in voriVied experimentally using zinc sulphide and
zinc cadmium sulphides. There are 2 figures.
SUBMITTED: June 4, 1962
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ROPOW-rall
An-

S10481621026100410041014
B104/BI02
AUTHOR. Fok, M. V.
TITLF,s Particularities of luminescence under the action of an
electric field
PERIODICALs Akademiya nauk SSSR. Izvestiya. Ser."ya fizicheskaya, v. 26,
no- 4, 1962, 463 - 467
TEXTt By way of introduction it is noted that thermal radiation and
luminescence are statistical phenomena. A heat-emitting body is in
thermodynamic equilibriump but is not when luminescing. This difference
makes it impossible to distinguish the various kinds of luminescence from:
other types of lightemission. It is shown that photoluminescence differs~;
from light scattering only in its duration. In the first stage of
electrol'uminescenco, excitation energy is taken from the electric field.
In the second stage there occurs de-excitation which is called photo-
luminescence. The eleotrolumineseence of solids has much in common with
that of gases. In both cases, electrodes may be the sources of electron8t
which may also lie inside the substance. Arc discharges may also take
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Particularities of luminescence... B100102
place in solids, in which case luminescence is not produced by heat.
Space charge, eloctric field strength, and the course of discharge are of.
groat importance for electrolumineecence. The most essential differencee
between the electroluminescence in gases and that in solid semiconductors
are as followat (1) Solid semiconductors possess two types of highly
mobile carriers (holes and electrons), whereas gases have only one type
(electrons); (2) fixed charges exist in the traps of solids; (3) free
carriers in semiconductors can be produced by the tunnel effecti (4) in
semiconductors, radiationless recombination occurs more"frequently than
in gases. Electroluminescence is classified according to the kind of
electric discharge. The results obtained for one object (powdered semi-
conductor) should be extended to another object (single crystal of the
same semiconductor) with great care.*
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t!1429 EWT (1)/EWG (k)/Mq/EW (b)-2 AFFTG/&SD/Z3D-3 rz-4 AT/IJP(0
ACCESSICH MRt AP3001263 3/0181/6)/005/006A489AA951
;AUTHORt
TI TLE tWidth of the forbidden band and the effective ionlo charge in the crystla
lattice of W
SOUCEI rizika tverdogo telap Vii 5, no, 61,1963s 1489-14S5
~TOPIC TAM ionic charge, forbidden bend, &S,, electron, polaron, ionic polarita-
tion
.ABSTRIXTi The author undertook this study because of lack of any available
:reliable data on difference between optical vidth and thermal width of the forbi~l-
don band in the crystal lattice of ZnS affectod by ionic polarization. He used two
met'W3 to arrive at this value. From the literature he obtained values to con-
struct a graph abowing dependence of aboorpticn coefficient on energy of quanta, end
by extrapolation to zero he obtained a value of 3.9 10.2 ev for the optical Tridth
of the forbidden band. From his own experizental work he plotted a graph for
dependence of current on temperaturet and from this obtained a value of 3.2 + 0.2
ev, for the thermal width or the forbidden band,. The difference by this tocbnique
thus proves to be. 0.7 + 0.4 ev. Considering that the differonce befteen thermal
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ACCESSION NR- 1" 001263
and optical anerv values neceasery to free eleotrana from traps has precisely t6
same character As the difference in thermal and optical widths of the forbidden
band, he determined the difference In width to be 0.55 :t 0*15 67. He ad&,-ts the
latter derivation to be suspeott because the electrons (or wholes) rust be localtzed
near the defects and must describe orbits of rather large radli around theso def-Dots
else ionic polarizatJon of the lattice will not occur. By roMmting frequencies of
longitudinal and trans-verse optical phonons In the lattice c)f ZnS, the author
deterndned values for effective ionie chargef the average velue being 0.5 :t I tines
the charge of an electron. The author concludes that the displacement of each ion
of S during changes in the charge of a Zn ion, beoause of attachment of an alectron.
to the Zn, gives birth to one longitudinal and one tranaverso phonon. But bocaus
the value of difference between optical and thermal width of the forbidden band io
still known with too little precision, the conclusion is only tentative. "In con"
clusion I express my, thanks to Xe. A. Konorova for her valuable commients.p Orig.
art. hast 2 figures and 15 formulas.
ASSOCIATIM none
SUMUTTEDs 26Apr62 DATE ACQt OlJul63 ENCLi CO
SUB COM PH FO REF SM 007 OMRs, 007,
Cord 2/2
OV
MV1,

FOKJ M.V.
Forbidden band with and effective charge in the crystal lattice of
ZnS. Chekhosl fiz zhurnal 13 no.2:99-10Q 163.
1. Physical Institute, Academy of Sc~phces of the U.S.S.R., Moscow.

L 13lo2-63 EWT(1)/MS AFFTOIABDISSD
---ACCESSION KR- AP300 3416
S/0051/63/015/001/0095/0099 V
AUTHOR- Ceorgobiani.A, Llvova.Ye.Yu.; Vok. M,V,
TXTLE: Temperature dependence of the electroluminescence yield 53
SOURCE: Optika i spektroakopiya, v.15, no.1, 1963, 95-99
TOPIC TAGS: electroiuminescence, ZnS-Cu-Al phosphor
ABSTRACT- Earlier the authors (Optika i spektrokopiya,13, 564, 1962 and lbid.,90
775, 1960) investigated the voltage dependence of the clectroluminescence yield
of ZnS:bu:Al phosphor filled capacitors. In the present work, using the same ex-
perimental technique (described in the first reference) they investigated the te:r-!
perature dependence and the voltage dependences at diSferent temperatures of the
electroluminescence of the same phosphors. The phonon mechanism is considered.
Curves for the energy absorbed.by the phosphor-filled capacitor as a fun'ction of.
the voltage for T = 1140K and 4000K are given; as are plots of the electroluminc:5-
cence yield versus voltage at 114, 294 and 399OX, and absorb,3d energy, electro-
luminescence brightness and yield as a function of the tempcratur~ (see EnclosurL.
1). The authors arrive at the following empirical formula for the brightness-
Card

L 13102-63
ACCESSION NR: AP3003416
L
0 M DO M
where T is the temperature, V is the voltage and b1 is a coistficient. The general,
conclusion Is that the electroluninescent cell is a rat her complicated electric
system and that consequently a more precise model is ne cessary to obtain better
agreement between theory and experiment. Orig,art.hns: 8 formulas, I table and'
4 figures.
ASSOCIATION; none
SUMMED: 26Jul62 DATZ ACQ-. 30Ju163 ENCL: 01
SUB CODE: PH NO REF SOV: 006 OnMR: 000

24-2--
Card

q)
S,10051/63/015/002/02411/0252: 1,
ACCESSION NR: AP3005849
V
o
znep2no aZa T I Pok H.V
.72u &a9 or prepared by an electrolytic proce
-13: Orange Zq. duro
TITL ph
SOURCE: Op~ik~' illpek~r skopi~a, v.15, no.2, 1963, 249-!152
TOPIC TAGS: phosphor synthesli, -znswu.acl zinc sulfide
_jjABSTRACT: ~Tho electrolytic technique for preparing phossphors has the. advantage_.;I r
i't at I =port
h t allows of introduaing~ a single type of Impurity ions, which is I anL;j"
ng luminescence centers.- The electrolytic tealinique was :first ample
for studyi y
-by I.S.Andreyev, L.V.Zy*rina and G.B.Arzuman'Yan (Izv.AN Uzb.SSR, No.4,83,1901),'
electrolytic procedur* wal used in the present study for preparing ZnS-C Ph
The a L
::phors without'Cl. It consisted of the following: luminescence pure ZnS, treatei
beforehand ia.hydrogen sulfide at'9000C to eliminat zine sulfate, was loaded in~d,
;:.a 6 mm diameter quartz tube between spectroscopic grads graphite electrodes
~Cu
the Enclosure); 6 3 mm, thick."plug" of previously prepayed groon-luminscing ZnS
i (10-4 g/g), Cl or a ~batch~bf flux-free ZnS_Cu (10-4 gle, mix was packed in the den
t
ter of the main charge (3 in Fig.lip). The whole tube was then placed in a quar z,
j
i Card

L V?
ACCESSION KR: AP3006849
th6'1 j
test tube from which the air.'was displaced by dry and oxygen-f ree argon, and
- : ~- L
whole assembly was heated in'a furnace to 10600C for 12--15 hours, while passing; a,
uurrent between the electrodes. The initial current vats 2 mA, but this Madually
z~_ Increased to 8 mA. For control purposes a similar specimen was prepared without-,
-passage of current. -The specimens prepared with passage of curront luminosced.'An
orange band (2 mm or more wide, depending on the heating time) appeared near the).
cathode. The "plug"-did not luminesce. The zinc sulfide at the anode lumine C4; 1
blue, when: the "Plug" "contaifted Nacl flux. The control specimen did not exhibit
this behavior. The luminescence spectrum of the ZnS-Cu varied somewhat, depending
on the electrolysis time. 'A number of variant experiments were performed. ~ In ad-.i
dition to studying the luminescence centers formed by diffusion, the authors In-i
Vestigated the trap depths (the orange phosphor has few shallow traps). The efztt
I of oxygen was also studied. The
question of the chemical structure of the phos~
phors remains open, but the experimental results suggest that While'tormation o
-i green centers is connected with the presence-of lattice defects. he formation of,
orange centers is not. Orig. art. has; 3 figures and 3. table.
ASSOCIATIONi none
SUBMITTED.-,06Dec= -DATE, ACQ; 06Sep63
EWL- 01
SUB CODE: PH, CH ino REF BOY: 002
OTHER. 003 11
2
t Card

!L 17180~63 AMGAsD
ASP 3AJP(.d)/,cSD
T
~.ACCESSXON NR: AP30058U- S/0051/63/016/002/0266/0268
ALMIOR: Goorgobiani, A.N L'yova, Ye.Yu.., F9k. M.V.
TITLE: Relation betwoon tile phases of the current, power absorbed-and brightness
t in,clectroluminesconco.
4
4
'SOURCE: Optika I spektroskopiya, v.15, no.2,1963, 266-268
TOPIC TAGS: clectroluminesconcoo- brightness wave,;, lumin&cont rapacitor
411
.1, 1 -ABSTRACT: The authors investigated the same electroluminescont capacitors as ear-;,
-(A-. N.--Georgobiafti -and- MON.-Fok~-Opt.--i-- s-p0ktro-.-,-- 9 --- 7'$-- 1960y wfing at-circilit-
w'th and without a compensating capacitance. The luminescence.was excited by a 50~
1cps. s inusoidal voltage V-at-rcom temperature. A loop oseXllograph was used to re-
:icor~d,tho instantaneous values of V, the current 1, the power.W absorbed-,by the ca-~
''pacitor, and the brightness B of the emitted electrolumineacence. A typical group
of oscillograms is shown in the Enclosure. Analysis of the oacillograms recorded
undor -different bonditions; ..(mainly changes in compensating capacitance altering thal
phase difference between the'voltage and current) indicates that the relation be-,
t
'don the phases or instant& of1the crest values of.V-,,l
1v W and,B can be.explalned.li,
11/3
Card-

L
ACCESSION KR. AP3005852
isatisfactorily with the. aid of the concepts rega rding kinetics of electrol
urd-
indscence proposed in earlier papers by the authors (above reference, A.K.Georgobia-I
!ni and U.V.Fok. Optk i spektro.,11, 93, 1961, and A.N.Goorgobinni, Ye.Yu.Llvova and
Pok, Ibid. 13, 564, 1962) al tr
ec ans are released primarily in the rogions.of.-
lmdximum Tiold, which are located in the immediate proximity of the electrodes; elec-
Itioluminesconce appears when these electrons arrive in the region of high concent-ra
'tion of ionized centers, In line with these concepts the brightness mustAttain'..t
lits peak value before the current does,~which is borne but by the experimental,
-curves. Orig.art.has: 3 formulas and 3 figures.
'ASSOCIATION: none
'StMMITTED. 19Jan63 DATHACQ:, MopW ENCL~ 01
SMY CODE: PH NO REF SOVt'- -003
0MR-1-000
C' rd 2/3

L 191,52-63 171.7 T(m)/!R(B)/BDS -AMCIASDIIJP(C)ISSD JD
hCCESSION NR:. AT3002232 S/2941/63/001/000/0263,/0267
1ITiibRS: Vinokurov, L. A. -*j Fok,.M. V.-
Dependence of luminescence brightness in.ZnS-Cu, Lo phosphors on Cu and Co
-concentration 7
SCURCE; Optika i spektroskopiya; sbornik statey.iv. 1: Lyuminestsentsiya.
Moscow, Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1963, 263-267
TOPIC TAGS: luminescence, brightness, excitation, activator
ABSTMCr: A study has been made to determine the experimental verification of a i,.
theoretical prediction in which luminescence brightness is considered proportional
to the excitation intensity. The luminescenge brightness of several thin layers
of luminophors with Cu concentrdtions of 10-9 to 16-5 gm/gm and Co concentration
of 0. 3XIO-7 to .10-2 gm/gm were measured in a region where the theoretical assump-
tions were considered valid. The US samples contained NaCl melt and were bO^
thick. The test was carried at 140C. The average standard deviation of the
wasured brightness from the calculated values was less than 13.00'. Orig. art. has:
11 formulas, 1 figure, and 1 table.
Card. 1/2

L 19482-63
ACCESSION NR: AT3002232
ASSOCRTION:, none ,
SUBMITTED:' 120ct6l DATE ACQs' 19May6.1
SUB CODE: PH NO REP SOll:' 005
Card 2/2

L.,194
85-63 E'JT(l)19'.r,?(q)1!MT (m~/E`,7,P(B)/BDS AFFTd/ASD/IJP('C ISSD JD
ACCESSTON NIR: AT3002236 3129 4 11631001,A00102 8 5102 8 9
AUTHOR~: Vinokurov, L.. A. Fok, 11. V.
0oo >e d
Card 1/2

ACCESSION RRI AP50LU20
b-,,, electrons, the authors compaxed the kincticis of the red luminence-nce, an one
bAnd, amd that of blie and green luminescence on the other. Ille rssuitj ladicate
A
iv-minescence occure only in the pTecenc~ of frmi hoien tha' c&n re-
-vk * _ I~j _ f 1 4
ett 1,6 ~Y donor loy -,,5. Oms
-:ap-y-r_ Crr,.F,. mr-~. rvljl;
"k t None

T, 00981-66', zIT(J% .......
JACCE-S-6-IO-N-7n: AP5016175 UR/0051/65/018/006/1024A030-
1 535.376
!AUTHOR: ZQL_X"Y_-
TITIX., Energy yield and mechanism of electroluminescence
ISOURCE: Optika I spektroskopiya, v. 18, no. 6, 1965, 1024-1030
ITOPIC TAGS: electroluminescence, recombination luminescence, iadiative recombin-
lat16n, semiconductor 'barid structure, impact ionizatiofi, tunnel effect
ABSTRACT: Three possible mechanisms for excitation of electroluminescence are con-
sidered: 1 )impact ionization (or impulse excitation), where the electrons (or
holes) which are accelerated In a strong field acquire sufficient energy for ioniza-1
tion (excitation) of luminescence centers or for ionization of the basic lattice
thez
(i.e.,for transfer of electrons from the valence band to the conduction band; 2)
tunne.L effect (Zener effect), where electric field-induced electron emission takes
;place from the luminescence centbr levels or from the valence band to the conduction:
'band; 3 ), I,njection of minority charge carriers through a p-n junction connected in
I ard 1/3

L 00981-60"
IACCESSION NR: AP5016175
;the forward direction, where the electrons in the n-region and the holes in the p-
.region travel toward each other and give off radiation as they recombine after meet_'~
I
ing in the junction region. Only the third mechanism gives a high electrolumi-
rI
nescence energy yield. -The greatest efficiency in this case is reached when the P.!
a
e -, po -difference in volt is-equal to the wid-ri; of the-forbidden-z
li d Tential- s one in
p
the semiconductor in electron volts. The reason for this is that each electro_n-ohole'
,recombination precedes transferrence of a charge equal to that of the electron
ithroughout the entire impressed difference in potentials. As the voltage is in-
peased past this optimum point, the brightness of the luminescence increases while
efficiency decresses; since the energy of the emitted quanta depends only slightly
on the applied potential difference. For this reason, the area of the luminous sur-1
face must be increased instead of the brightness in order to increase the luminous 1
iflux. The most efficient devices for this purpose would be electroluminescent capa-~
1citors made up of a thin sublimated layer of an electrophosphor coated on both side&,
!with dielectric films a few molecules-thick, i.e. of the order of 10 A, placed be-
1tween a metal electrode and a conducting glass plate and operating at an a-c or d-c
;potential o,~': the order of-a few volts. The phosphor should have a base with an ab-
!sorption edge on the border between the visible and ultraviolet regions; i.e.,the
!width of the forbidden zone should be about 3 ev, since a wider forbidden zone
i Card 2/3

L 00981-66
(ACCESSION NR: AP5016175
Icauses an unnecessary increase in the energy used for creating free electrons and
'holes, and radiation in the blue portion of the spectrum would be impossible with
I
A narrower forbidden zone, Orig. art. has:* 2 figures. (141
ASSOCIATION: none
IfiUBmiTTED: o4may64 ENCLi 00 SUB CODE: OP, SS
i9o REP SOV! 000 OTHER; 002 ATD PRMS:,Y0q 1
d
Aft"A RT 41-- ~!a-K MV ~Z-!
m rx'm
VOW WIMI-N J %t 5
Q ai ;,!T . I

=Ae
-c e1cctroluminescence intertsity was -,iven by a s4z--`Iar -or-,17~ulz2 but w-', a
of the con3tant No rectificattion, ~1-,,,;cv ol,
of tha 3--*--~------------
Cori

ACCESSION :U!: AP5010816
th d ic I a ctric -Su-'-Pems i0ni ais i,-- durin -I Ita
at
tj equivalent Circuit consislir-!-T of a Constant r'~Z.slist'zt-,CU
t

44
vok, I%J.V. - Ghukova, YU. P.
f an electro-
To erature dependence of the rectified current o
i-Im,jy6scant capacitor
. L
A
v.'55, no.6, 1159-114-4-
-hurna, teldmicheskoy fiziki,
t~mnel eff-,,-t,
-Mcation, Zinc Sul 'rL:8
-urrent In an electrcl'uffLnC~Sce
Cord 1/3

aMN
AC,Q"ESS'LON- NR: AP50-15640
theory of L.V.Kledysh (ZhSTF 34,962,1958) conceminE the role of pho-
In thp Production of electmn-hole pairs by a -qt-,, n~ eI.~ctric
e 1n,7eqt-i,7ated temper%ltur,-z "D v
it-,'Ls vil-ue of the electric field is in agreement. aptla of A.
on t7~,
an~'. Z.Guereigh
f:~Ipctrnl-m-lnmcence, but
of
-,ektr.4,'!
-,o t-~icy ,~e pi-~s t -Io I)arrje, 3
a harrier is 10- ,U9 rinil t',Pr -Tn
Iz-
it is of the order 011,
Ir FrBtitude to L.V.Keldysh f o a iL
119cu5sion of tFe results."
Card 21-0

ziche!3kly Institul. IrTlerl P.Mljo~rAvvi
AN SSSR')
E14CL: 00 S 177B C DE
37-.---L77,D: 14Apr64
REF L'Zov: 005
Ccsrdv3
OTHER: 00
lm

L 10670-66 - MUM - IJP(c) AT
ACC NRs AP5028322 SOURCE CODE: UR/0057/65/035/011/2065/2066
q E), 5i 57 ty it, r. '~"-
AUTHOR: Fok, M.V.; Chukova, Yu. P.
ORO- PhysicsInstitute Im. P.N.h (Fizichoskiy Institut Im. P.N.
Lobedeva)
21 , W, I 'i
TITLE: Frequency dependence of the current rectified by an electroluminescent
cavacitor
SOURCE: Zhurnal tokhnicheskoy fiziki, v. 35, no. 11, 1965, 2065-2068
TOPIC TAGS: clectroluminescence, semiconductor rectifier, frequency characteristic,
tunnel effect c_j~eL4o,
ABSTRACT: The authors have continued their earlier investigations of the current
rectified by electroluminescent capacitors (ZhT? 35, 762, 1139, 1965). The rectified
current I was previously found to be given In terms of the applied voltage U and the
frequency f by the equation I = C exp(-p/Ul/2)/(R;/fp), where C, p, andp are con-
stants. The factor R */fP has previously been identified.with the resistance of the
c
barriers in the heterogeneous layer. Measurements at a number of.different audio
frequencies and at potential,voltages from 25 to 160 V :have now revealed a frequency
dependence of the parameters. The measurements can be represented, except at the
highest voltages, by replf2ing p in the above equation with N + k log f, or by
replacing p with po k/U where p0 k, and p. are constants, The significance
C.,d 1/2 UDC :535.376
qn

L 1067,G-66
ACC NRI APS028322
of these results is discussed briefly. This discussion Involves a relation (not
given) between the field inteusity.wtthin the,barrier and the temperature To below
which the number of pairs produced by tunneling is not temperature dependent, derived
by L.V.Keldysh (ZhETF, 34, 962, 1958), and previous measurements at 50 Hz of To by
the authors (loc.cit.supra). It is concluded that different fields are responsible
for current rectification and for electroluminescence, and that the field responsible
for current rectification is the smaller of the two and Is the only one of them that
is frequency dependent. This difference may be associated with the fact that a
potential drop of 0.4 eV/sic/ is required for transmission of current, whereas about
3 eV are required for ionization of the luminescence centers. The authors thank
-O.A.Toropova for assisting with the measurements. Orig.. art. has: $,formulas and
3 f Igures.
SUB CODE! 09 SUBM DATE; O3Uar65/ OHIO. RU: 005 OM REF., 000

ACC NN
AUMOR:
AP6033437
SOURCE CODE:
Bukke.. Ye. Ye.; Vinokurovj,*L. A.; Fokp M. V.
ORG: none
TITIZ: Band scheme describing the kinetics of photolumineacence of GiC
SOURCE: Optika I opektroskoplyn., v. 21p no. 4p 1966j 449-455
TOPIC 'TAGS- photolumineseence.. silicon carbide.. exciton absorption, recombination
luminescence.. radiative recombination, light excitation, temperature dependence, N=d.
conductor band structure
ABSTRACT: The purpose of the Investigation was to asceriain the degree to which SIC
doped with nitrogen is governed by the exciton mechanism and what the contribution of
the recombination luminescence in, and if the luminescence has a recombination ch&r-
acter) to Identify the centers In which the radiative recombination takes place.
Several crystals of n-type SIC were investigated, containing nitrogen and unknown
acceptor impurities. When excited with 3.4-ev quanta (365 run)p these crystals had
weak orange luminescence at room temperature,, which became stronger at 77K., when an
additional blue band appeared. The effect of excitation with infrared light (hv - 1
ev), and the dependence of the brightness on the temperature and on'the nitrogen con-
centration were also investigated. 7he observed small luminescence yield and most.of
the observed phenomena can be mplained if it is assumed that the recombination is by
two different centers$ bath of which are acceptors but have different chemical nature.
Card
UDC: 535-37: W.0

MR 4-3
41204211'

L 26488--66- F,4T(1)/F.WA(h)_
ACC 4Ri AP6013067 SOURCE CODE: Ult/0048/66/030/004/0620/0627
;AU7'AIOR: Xylasov.V.A ; Lyaaichev.I.Ya.o Orlov,I.N.; Pershin.G.G Poterimov.S.V.,
I
iTaborkojli. Fok.M.V.
IORG: None
TITLE:
SOURCE:
Problems Involved in the development of ele~troluninescont indicators and imagoi
ro.Zgeport, Fourteenth Conference on Luminoscence held in Riua)16-23 September
AN SSSH. Izvestiys. Serlys fixicheskays, v. 30, no. 4, 1966, 620-627
TOPIC TAGS: real time data display, image converter, olectroluminescence, t4-LP4'W-1
~_ OA*144;~ 40~~ -.,b AA.+-AZ", Czl-,+AOQ CZC"~.t
AJTRACT: The pa0br in devoted to a general discussion of the problems involved in
development of electroluminoscent display scroons (matrix screons) and eloctro-
luminescent converters of visible and x-ray images. In conjunction with the ~creena
it is indicated that current research is aimed at increasing the peak brightness of
electroluminescent phosphors (important because the average viewing brightness in a
function of the maximum brightness multiplied by the excitation time of a screen
element and divided by the interval between successive activatiom) and development Of
means for realixation of information stor*Sv on or for the screen. Approaches to
enhancement of brightness are Improventent of the composition of phosphors and electro-
forming, which involves application of an so or do potantiol to the eltatrolusinesc*nt

L 26488-66
ACC NR- AP6013067
capacitor while the binder (paraffin) is solidifying. Realization of storage is con-
nocted with development of approapriato control circuitry, Including external storage
components. A block diagram of a control circuit for a matrix scroon with external
storage is shown in a figure. Research In the field of image convertors is-boing
carried out along the lines of Improving the parameters of photoconducting powdered
materials in the visible and x-ray regions, theoretical and experimental determination
of the optimum operating conditions for converters of different design, design develop-
mont and improvement of the technology of image converters. A table gives a series of
formulas that should be useful in designing now image converters. Mention is made of
work on development of tubes !or converting ultrasonic images to visible images.
!
Photographs reproduced-iii the text show a converter image of a 7V test pattern and
images of x-ray pictures of now vacuum tubes and electronic components displayed on a
200 cm2 screen. Orig. art. has: 14 formulas and 5 figures.
SUB CCDE: 09, 2.0/ am DATZS 00/ ORIG IWI 005/ OM PJW: 004
Card 2/2

ACC NRI AFIOOOO,29 SOURCE-CODE: UII.1100511661o;z i/0o5/o5W/o_
591
AUTHOR: Vinokurov, L_
ORG: none
TITLE: Effect of infrared light on the photoluminescence of SiC-N
SOURCE: Optika i spektroskopiya, v. 21, no. 5, 1966, 568-591
TOPIC TAGS: silicon carbid'e, ir absorption, photoluminescence, luminc.,cence spectrum,
impurity level, polmron
ABSTRACT: This is' a continuation of earlier work (Opt. i spektr. v. 21, 449, 1966)
where a band scheme was proposed to describe the photoluminescence of SiC crystals
doped with nitrogen. The authors state that if the scheme propoesed in the earlier
paper is valid, then when the sample is exposed to infrared, there should be observed,
during the afterglow time, a flash whose spectrum contains the two blue bands ob-
served in ordinary light. Experiments have indeed shown that the application of -
infrared light eliminates the structure in the spectrum of the blue band. To check
the extent to which the sensitivity of the investigated crystals to infrared extends
toward longer wavelengths, the authors measured the intensity of the flash as a
function of the quantum energies of the infrared light incident on the --ame crystal
whose luminescence spectrum was investigated earlier. The results show that the
..sensitivity to infrared has a complicated structure, with a maximum in the vicinity
';"0-34 ev. Curves corresponding to turning on the infrared light 7 and 30 seconds
01
UDC: 535-37
1/2

ACC NR: AP7000029
after the cessation of the excitation are practically parallel, but the 30-second
curve drops off more rapidly and has a smaller peak. Dips observed at 0.34 and 0.28
ey corresp6nd to acceptor levels due to boron and aluminum. This agrees.with earlier
calculations of the depths of the impurity levels. Comparison with US shows that
the polaron energy in SiC is much lower than ZnS. The authors thank. Ye. Ye. Bukka
for help with the work. Orig. art. has: 4 figures.
SUB CODE: 20/ Sum DATE: 16jun65/ ORIG REP: 002
Card 2/2

FOK, M.
"Bjknd gap and effective charge of ions in the US lattice."
%port submitted to the Symp* on Ikudneacenceq Prague.9 Czech* 24-28 Sep 1962.

9-1 ; -
.
a
Ali!
1
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: *'* g--g;g- *AV4 o, 4' . 0
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meohmism at dw ammory-s"dad plWadmilkal
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P. No"A"llys", rimal V. va. Mtrrn.
Ydak $48. M. OT, in trijuhnot, osktil-.
of C#110 + 00. un&r At) Ban- at town temp.. file A1111-4
permlides becornett comt. after - 30 st-t. and amin,
~ I %, v1# liblive C"411136 ps."n): at 1110'. the amt. of jwW.1-.Mv"
voool. silts - till we.. trA. be- alm%it 41 -1
absent VAI riman lpmp.. ollAW I.V-
W " e at Soul. with Itenakles falling to 1.71%, O.,and
On amt. 4 slilrbydes altabibsir W10. The aint'. of
pefoxides, plotted as a function of the temp,at a givel
inernent (11K) me.). pass through a Inal. at be"ll
viberm" tjw mint. of allrbydes inemv% linearly with th,
tri"j). HvkkHIJjF, the pnnmry p~% I* the hvris~fi-
of 1wromw". N. 11U.11
dwa-IA4I
It,
L A mIIALLtjPt.1LAk UVE4414,91 C~AWFIWW%
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14 It a It It It 1:9 It at KkLO a,
9 00000 0960960 0 0 0 ;'a o Ill o 000 09606 so
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lee
too
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too

- --- - - ----
'Thotochemically Sensitized Oxidation of Propfuie Using Mercury. 11
Sub 4 Jan 52, Inst of Cmismiral PhyvitcR, Aead Sci USSR.
Disnertatinns preF;ented for science and engineering degreet in
Moscow during 1951-
SO: Sam. No. 480, 9 IARY 55
C 4A( J. e- 4 r m 0. c- * I S C- ;.

USSR/chemistry - Fuels Aug 52
Readtion-KineticB
"Investigation of the Composition of Peroxides Formed
in the Oxidation of Propane at Room Temperature With
Phatochamically Benaltized Mercury," 'N. V., Fok and
A. D. Nalbandyan
"DAN SSSR" Vol 85, No 5., PP 1093-1095
On the basis of chem and polarographic analysis a~d
through the reaction of the peroxide with various
substances, it was established that the peroxide
formed during the oxidation of propane with photo-
chemically sensitized Rg at room temp is lsoprop~yl
hydrogen peroxide. Submitted by Acad N. N. Semenov
9j May 52. 239r27

LISSR/Chemistry - ftele,-PejoXid'es 21 Sep 52
"The Mechanism of the Reaction of the Oxidation of
Propane With Photochemically Sensitized Mercury at
Room Temperature," N. v. Fok and. A. B. Nalband,,an
DAN sssR, voi $6, 110 3, PP 589-592
Propane is oxidized at room temp with photochemi-
cally sensitized Hg to form propyl hydrogen per-
oxide, The reaction proceeds vith a preliminary
exitation of the propane mol. Presented. by Ac .ad,
N. N. Semenov 5 Jun 52
247T17

PhOtOC11611114il OXIdatIon ;f ptopane at hi h tuen.
B. Nalbandlw. Dafkdy k4d.
Mink A l4o, 126,44M.-The photochem. oxida-
.-tion of QUs was carried at 100-300% for equal mixts. of
C&HsaMOQtaprtsSw%of&QMm. At IW* AcIf Is present
'in the reaction poducts. At2OO*, along with isopropyl hy-
droperoycide and'AAH, formaldehyde Is present in tht reac-
tion prodqcW-t*'w1h6it the same extent as AcH. As the
f1temp, is fardWhimased, the satio of formaldehyde toAcH
hmeases. Amon tfie ox[datloa'Ovoduct3 at 300' are ace-
toae aM CO. The cxptl. results- Indicate that the active
-ceilttrs*.or the photochem. reaction ate the peroxide radicals
which pithk on the walls of the reactlon vmd.
Rowtar tAgA
M M

SKURATOV, S.M.; VOYAVODSKIY, V.v - STRKPIKUYEV, A.A.; KAHAR KAYA, Te.F.;
MUROMOVA, R.S.; F -~t
- O-KI-9--V-."
Kinetica and thermal effect of the polymerization of eymntholactam.
-1 Dokl.AN SSSR 95 n0.3:591-594 Kr 154. (MLRA 7:3)
1. Houkovskiy goeudaretvannyy universitet im. H.V.Lomonosova.
2. Institut khImicheskoy fiziki Akademii nauk SSSR. Predstavleno
akademikon V.N.Kondratlyevym.
(Polymers and -polymerization) (Inantholactam)

USSR/Kinetics Combustion. Explosions. Topochemistry. Catalysis. B-9
Abs Jour Referat Zhur - Khimiya, No 6, 1957, 18562
Author _E.VZQk,-A.B. Nalbamdym.
Inst Academy of.Sciences of USSR.
Title To Mecharism of Photochemical Oxidation of Hydrocarbons.
Orig Pub in the symposium Tsepnyye reaktaii okisleniya uglevodoro-
dov v gazovoy fataii. M., AN SSSR, 1955, 118-139-
Abstract Review of works published by the authors earlier
(Nalbandyan A.B., Zh. fiz. khimii, 1948, 22, 1443; Dokl-
AN sssR, 1949, 66, 473; Fok N.V., Bereslavskiy B.B., Nal-
bandyan A.B., Shtern V.Y&.,,.Dot1. AN SSSR, 1949) 67) 499;
Fok N.V., Nalbandyan A.B., Dokl- AN SSSR, 1952; P-, 1093;
86, 589; RzhKhim, 1953, 2853).
Card 1/1 - 233 -

AUTHORS:
TITLE:
PERIODICAL:
ABSTRACT:
Card 1A
Ivanov, 0. A., Pok, N. V.
Voyevodskiy, V. VI
20-1:L8,-6-26/43
Reaction Between.Methyl Radicals Obtained According to the
Method of PolaisAlland Deuterium (Reaktsiya metillnykh
radikalov, poluohennykh po metodu Polyani, s deyteriyem)
Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1958, Vol- 118, Nr 6,
PP. 1142-1145 (USSR)
First previous papers dealing with the same subject are
shortly referred to. The authors produced the methyl radicals
according to the method of Folanyi (Polyani) according to the
reaction CH3J + Na - CH 3 + NaJ. The reaction passed in presence
of molecular deuterium which was used as carrier gas for sodium
vapors. The scheme of the experimental arrangement is
illustrated in a figure. The reaction container in which the
jets of CH 3J combine with those of deuterium consisted of a
quartz cylinder with a nozzle. In one series of experiments
the inner surface of the reaction container was covered with
sodium which was appliea in form of drops or as reflecting

20-118-6-26/43
Reaction Between Methyl Radicals Obtained According to the Method
of Polydni and Deuterium
coating. The deuterium used for the experiments was produced
electrolytically from D 0 The authors detected the composition
of the methaneo obtainea in a pure quartz container in the
temperature interval of from 20-4800C- Under these conditions
mainly CH4 and CH3D are obtained. Tho quantity of the semi-
deuterized methanes is small and reaches the value 18-20~ only
in a small temperature interval near 2000C. The ratio CH 3 D/CH4
increases in the interval of from 20-1000C from 0,6 to 2, and
remains constant in the case of further temperature rise. The
deuterium content in the investigated methanee is considerably
changed in the case of a deposit of metallic sodiun on the
surface of the container. Here the connection between the
portion of the different deuterized methanes and the temperature
depends on the kind of applying of sodium to the surface. In
coverning the container surface with a reflecting sodium the
Card 2/4 percentage of to a great extent deuterized methanes (CD 4, CD3H

2o-10-6-26/4'5
Reaction Between Methyl Radicals Obtained Accordin,,- to tl-,,,,
of Polyani and Deuterium
2)
2
in a pure quartz oontainer. In the ease of a temperature rise
the percentage of the to a great extent deuterized methanes
decreases. In the case of sodium drops the surface reaction
is insignificant and its portion of the volume of the methane
produced amounts to totally only 1/5. Here the methanes
obtained from the radicals CH 3 contain much more deuterium
than in ifie case of-a reflecting coating sodium. The maximum
9f the deuterization at 70-800C is striking. It higher
temperatures CH 4 and CH3D predominate again. In the case
of sodium drops the light methane is not exchanged with D 2 as
it is the case in the case of existence of a reflecting
coating. This exchange has to take place with participation
of the methyl radicals independently of the kind of mechanism
Card 3/4 of the production of CH 2D2' CH3D and CD 4*
is at room temperature bY 5 to 8 times greater than
and CD
H

20-118-6-26/1-
Reaction Between Methyl Radicals Obtained According to the Method
of Polyani and Deuterium
There are 3 figures and 0 references, 3 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Kafedra khimicheskoy kinetiki Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo
universiteta im. M. V. Lomonosova
tCbALi;" Cal -Kinetici,. Moscow State .1biversity
,r,, of. Chemi
imeni'M. V. Lomonosov
Institut khimicheskoy fiziki kkademii nauk SSSR
(Institute of Chemical Physics, AS USSR)
PRESENTED: July 26, 1957, by H. N. Semenov, Member, Academy of Sciences
of USSR
SIMMITTED; July 19, 1957
Card 4/4

83566
S/020/60/134/001/019/021
kS7 1/4-0 0 KOVNO
AUTHORS: Shelimov, B. N., Bubnov, N. No Fok, N. V.1
Voyevodskiy, V. fp Correspondink'Member AS USSR
TITLE: Detection of Hydrogen Atoms in the Phototransfer Reactions
of the Electron^;/
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1960, Vol. 134, No. 1,
pp. 145 - 148
TEXT: The authors proceed from the photochemical reaction in the aque-
ous medium: M + H20 + h9 -+ M+ + OH_ + H (1), where M may be metal ions
of variable valency, or anions. The formation of hydrogen atoms in this
reaction had been hitherto proved indirectly only. The authors wanted to
give direct evidence of H-atoma by means of electric paramagnetic re-
sonance (epr). Because of the strong reactivity and mobility of the
H-atoms, investigations were conducted at 770K in aqueous solutions of
H2SO4 or H 3PO 4(in concentrations between 40 and 96~), which contained
small quantities of FeSO 4 or KI. The samples were irradiated for 1 hour
Card 1/3

83566
Detection of Hydrogpw Atoms in the 8/020/60/134/001/019/021
Phototransfer Reactions of the Electron B004/BO60
with the ultraviolet light of a 9PK-7 (PRK-7) mercury vapor lamp. The
epr signals were recorded by means of a previously described (Ref. 7)
epr spectrometer./.It was possible to give evidence of the H-doublet. To
check the correctness of reaction (1) definitely, experiments were made
in solutions which contaitied heavy water. As is shown by Fig. 1 , the
D-triplet was observed besides the H-doublet. Further experimonts were
conducted in the system C06 - H20 - H2BO 4. Here as well (Fig. 2) the
H-doublet occurred. The central part of this spectrum, the quadruplei,
shown in Fig- 3, could not be explained yetp but it might be due to a
paramagnetic particle whose free valency is localized on the aromatic
ring, Weaker components were detected in the epr spectrum of the
H-atom (Fig. 4), which are ascribed to the spin reversal of protons
surrounding the H-atom. While the H-lines were strongly saturated in
the experiments with benzene, saturation did not take place in the
presence of Ps 2+ due to higher concentration of the paramagnetic ions
of a short relaxation time. The study of saturation and intensity
distribution between the main and secondary lines in the epr spectrum
of H* may serve to clarify specific features of its weak interaction
Card 2/3

83566
Detection of Hydrogen Atoms in the S/020J60/134/001/019/021
Phototranafer Reactions of the Electron B004/Bo6o
with adjacent molecules, and also to establish the distance between
H*-atome and primary particles releasing an electron under the action
of light. There are 4 figures and 12 references: 3 Soviet, 8 US, and
2 British.
ASSOCIATION: Mookovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. M.V. Lomonosova4/
(Moscow state University imeni M.V. Lomonosov). Institut
ihimicheekoy kinetiki i goreniya Sibirskogo otdeleniya
Akademii nauk SSSR (Institute of Chemical Kinetics and
Combustion of tho Siberian Branch of the Academy of
Sciences, USS
SUBMITTED: April 27, 1960
Card 3/3

BUBNOV, N*N.; VOYEVODSKIY,---V.V.--;_YOK.,.-N.V,; SHMIIIVV$ B.N.
Study of electron phototranBfer reactions in the solid
by the electron paramagnetic resonance method. Opt.i
3.1 no.1:7843 J3. 161.
(Paramagnetic resonance and relaxation)
(Photonuclear reactions)
phase
spektr.
(Imu 14: 10)

29016,
S/020/61/140/004/011/023
B106/B110
AUTHORS: Varbanskaya, R. A. j Shelimov 1 B. N. 9 and j2jLL_jL%__Y_.
TITLE: Reactions of "hot" methyl radicals in solid phase at low
temperatures
PERIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Doklady, v. 140, no. 4, 1961, 818-821
TEXT: The authors studied the conditions of stabilization and the conver-
sions of methyl radicals obtained by photolysis of methyl iodide,
azomethane, acetone, and acetaldehyde at 770K. The role of "hot" radicals,
i.e., methyl radicals with excess energy, in these processes was
clarified. The analysis of gaseous reaction products and data of electron
paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectra were used for this study. Transparent
solid solutions of the tested compounds in methyl cyclohexane were
photolyzed in a quartz vessel cooled by liquid nitrogen. The concentra-
tion of solutions was 0.02-0-15 moles/liter, and a TTPK-7 (PRK-7) mercury
lamp was used as irradiation source. The epr spectra were recorded on an
9ITP-2 (EPR-2) device (Ref 9: A. G. Semenov, N. N. Bubnov, Pribory i
tek,hn. eksperim. (Devices and technical experiments), No, 1, 92 (1959)),
Card 1
RN
-M. E."EiP

29010
S/02 61/140/003/011/023
Reactions of "hot" methyl ... B o6xl 10
A SC-5 (BS-5) filter pervious to light of 4> 3100 L and a filt r filled
with a mixture of Cl 2 and Br2 and pervious to light of A.< 9-900 ~ were used
in some of the experiments. In the photolysis of azomethane in solid
phase, one molecule of nitrogen and ethane each were formed per
decomposing molecule of azomethane, and, additionally, methane in a ratio
of CH 4/C2H6 -0-04 independent of the intensity of light. Methane was the
only gaseous reaction product in the photolysis of methyl iodide,
Acetone was not decomposed under the conditions applied, acetaldehyde
slightly decomposed to about equal quantities of CO and CH 4' The fact
that the ratio CH 4/02H6 found for azomethane decomposition was
independent of the intensity of light indicates that ethane is formed by
recombination of methyl radicals in the interior of a "cell", and not by
recombination of free radicals. The formation of methane in the
photolysis of methyl iodide and azomethane at low experimental temperature
(770K) suggests the formation of "hot" methyl radicals in the solid phase.
The stability of acetone to photolysis indicates the absence of "hot"
radicals. The reason is the large difference between the bond energies of
the C-C bond in acetone (77 kcal/mole) and of the C-I bond in methyl
Card 2/4 X

2,0010
S/020/61 /1 401/004/011/023
Rea,~Iions of "hot" methyl !31,06/'B',',C
iodide 154 kcal/mole). The Farticiration of "hn" methyl radicals in the
formation reacti,,,n of methane was ccnf,--med by photolys7-s of azomethane in
light of different. wavelengths- Inr, reaGi rg .1 ip,-ht ~-nc- r-y 2800 k->3104
U
causes "the increas4z of the ratify CII 4/C2116 (1 --~- 7 Nrk--thyl radicals formed
irl the photolysis of azomethane in solid phase were found tc, be capable of
the following rea-,tions; (1 recowtination in the "cell" immediately after
formation (formation of C2H 6~; (2) substitution r~,a,~tions with molecules
of -~he solvent (forma-ion of CH 4 and R', where R' denotes the radical of
-.be 3,~I-Ierit)j (3) stabi14 zation with emergerce from the 11~:elill (confirmed
-y the eur spectrum of CH ,radicals~. The ratio of the extent of these
t,bree reactions dependr, on the er-e-rgy -,f the absorbed light. Increase of
this energy results in. an increased fcrmat-;cn :if methy! radicals reacting
according to (2) as compared with those reacting according to ('), and in
-an -'rcrease of methyl radicals reacting acco:7d~n6 as Compared with
those reacting according -,o (2), The formatien of "hot" radicals in the
photolysis of CH 31 and CH 3!T2CH 3ir. solid phase has thus been clearly
proved The rharacter of the react-Lon of these "hot" methy!
Card V4

29010
S/020/61/1,10/004/011/023
Reactions of "hot" methyl B1o6/Bi1O
will, molecliles of the med'kuin (methyl cy-lohexane) dep-nds on and
bond energies of the molecules decomposing w.Lth fnrmal.ion 7)f mi~thyll
radicals.. and on the wavelength of the iight us-d for This
effect is nbv,.ously related to differen-es m type of ex:itation (,f
"hct" radicals which are formed in differ---,nt ways. Fnally, th;-. auth-~rs
thank V, V V,~yevodskiy, Co-responding 1,19mber AS USSR, "'~D- assls-'~;.,-,j r.
recordin- th -
he e~~a",uation of results, and N. N. Bubnov or c r s r e r, t ra
The spectrum of -~Ihe methyl cyclohexyl radi-.-a: rl~ta4ned by irradiation of
frozen methyl cyclohqxane (710K) with fast wtas re!~~:-ded b,.-
T I -ut khirrnirhes~13*
- I. Chkheidze -r. the exper,.mental. Flant 'L thc-! irst.-P. 7
~- - AN SSSR (Institu+e )f Chem,~
r'zik, -.al Phy3i-;s AS USSR). There ai-~
4 figures table , and 1 0 ref eren,:es. 2 S i and 6 117-
thTee mnst irnp.~rtant referen!2es tc Engl~sh-lang-.;age FubliLcations read as
0' -, --)Ws ;W.- C, Sleppy, J. G,~ Ca-'!,ert- V',, AT- Chem. So-~.. - 81 , 76q (19c;Q1
T, Cole, H.- 0, Pritchard. N. R. Dav4.dson, H. 11. McConnei, T'17~1. V.'n
4C8 V[- Gordy, C. G. McCnrm-~ck, J. Am. Chem- sc-- , 78, 324~
ASSOCIATION: Moskovakly go suda ra "-. xr,~rmyy "et. im, 11", V L S va
(Moscow State Univ.;irsity M. Ditrxnos-~V)
SUBEITTED: March 24, !96!
Card 41A

38129
S/020/62/144/003/026/030
s-. B124/B101
AUTHORS: Shelimov, B. N., Pok, N. Y.-I-and Voyevodskiy, V. V.*
Corresponding MemTe_F~of -the AS USSR
TITLE: The benzene-photosensitized low-temperature decomposition
of hydrocarbons
PERIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Doklady, v. 144, rio- 3, 1962, 5906-599
TEYT: As has been shown earlier, the product from photochemical decompo-
sition of benzene (I), irradiated by uitralliolet 14eht at 770K in trans-
parent organic glasses is a substituted hexatriene (II)
H2 C-CH-CH=CH-CH-CH-R (HR being the hydrocarbon medium in which photolysis
is performed), and alkyl radicals are formed in addition. As the forma-
tion of alkyl radicals cannot be explained by the reactions hitherto
assumed, this and the formation of gaseous products was studied from the
epr spectra. Solid-phase reactions of I in mothyl cyclohexane (III) and
3;-MethYl pentane (IV) were studied with concentx~ations ranging from
1 .8. 10-3 to 2.1 .1 O-k 'mole/liter. The mercury vapor lamp ITP