SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT FIRSANOVA, E.N. - FIRSOV, A.I.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000413220013-5
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 13, 2000
• Sequence Number: 13
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

S/262/62/000,'009/014/017
AUTHOR: Firsanova, E. N. 1007/1207
TITLE: Present-day quality requirements for motor lube-oils
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal, otdel'nyy vypusk. 42. Silovyye ustanovki, no. 9, 1962, 58, abstract,
42.9.336. In collection "Prisadki k. maslarn i toplivarn' '. M., Gostoptekbizda t, 1961, 5-11
TEXT: The characteristics of the following Soviet and foreign lubc oils arc given: An-8 (Dp-8), Mn-10
(PKZp-10), AK3n-6 (AKZp-6), ACn-8 (I)Sp-g), technical oil of type 50, sulfur-containing of,-, SAE-10W,
(10W120, IOW/30SW), SAE-5 W/20 (5W130), etc. Results of testing various oil grades on the 1V 14M-HAT14
(UIM-NATI) test stand are reported and methods of estimating oil quality by laboratory and motor tests,
are described. According to data obtained at Tsentralnyy ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Znamcni nauchno-
issledovatel's.kiy avtornobilniy i avtomotomyy institut (Central "Order of the Red Banner of Labor" Scientific
Research Institute of Automobiles and Automobile Engines) and tho Ysesoyuznyy nauchno-issludovatel'skiy
institut po pererabotke nefti i gaza j poluchertiyu iskusstvennogo zhidkogo Topliva (All-Union Scientific
Research Institute for Oil and Gas Refiaing and the Production of Synthetic Liquid Fuel) all lube oils used
in automobile engines under moderate working conditions, give a marked settling deposit in theUX-2 (DK-2)
apparatus after 50 hours of heating at 200'C. There are 4 figures, 4 tables and 5 references.
[Abstracter's note: Complete translation.]
Card I / I

- I-FIRSANOVA, G.N.
Geography of mosses.in Khimiki District, Moscow Province. Biul.
MOIP.Otd.geol. 34 no.4:171 J149 159. (MIRA 13;8)
Orainki District-Mosses)
t
I

FIRSANOVA, G.N.
Mosses of Khimki District, Moscow Province. Uch. zap. MOPI 79:
19-57 6o. ()WU 14:9)
(Khinki Di5trict-Mosses)

PHASE I TREASURE ISLAND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REPORT AM 436 -
BOOK Call No. t TN775.B337
Authors s BELUM, A. I., RAPOPORT, M. B. and FIRSANOVA, L. A.
Full Titles ELECTROMETALLURGY OF ALMMM
Transliterated Titles Elektroootallurgip alyminlya
Publishing Data
originating Agencys None
Publishing Houses State Scientific and Technical Publishing House of
Literature on Ferrous and Nonferrous Hetallurgy
Dates 1953 No. pp.s 720 No. of oopiess 4,,5(0
Editorial Staff
Reviewerst Garbmh* 0. L,, Win of Stalin Prize and
Sushkov, A. 1. 0 Inginew
The authors, " their then to Prof. Dr. V. A.
Pazu)ffiln. Prof. Z. 1. Mmkowwkiy. Zug. A. I. Swhkov, Zug.
G. 1. Garba"huk.- Eng. % J..1tsyksou and P. K. lovshikov.
Text Data
Coverages This Is a fundamimtal studly of the modern development of'
aluminum alloy eleotrowtallurgy. It given a detailed analysis ct
the theory and practice of the electrolytic production of oryolita
alumints alloyel the electrolytic refining of aluminum and the piv-
duotion of aluminum-silicon alloys in eleatrio furnaces. Design of
2A0
M~ 6.k. 604.

Elaktrometallurgiya alyuminlys.
All) 436 -r
Xeduction plants and oalcu2ation of aluniam bathe and electric furnaces for
melting aluminum-silicon anM are briefly discussed, The theoretical part
is based mainly on Soviet sources which, in the authoral opinion, by far ex-
cel in scope and scientific value the non-Russian literature on tho electro-
metallurgy of aluminum, The practical. conclusions are drawn from ibe aohievo-
mente of the aluminum Industry in the USSR, according to the authozol note in
the preface, In the text, however, no reference is made to arq installation
in operation now in the Soviet Won.
The authors have collected In a single.volume a largo amount of infimution
from the very extensive and extremely scattered references an the subject
treated. The book in written in an easyt comprehensive languager ir provided
with numerous illustrations and diagraw,, and gives a good picture cf the
methods used in electrolytic production of aluminum in the Soviet Union at the
present time.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword
Introduction
2/JLO

Elektrametalliwgiya alyminiya
smTxoN r zmamism Cy MMM MYM= AL%M,
ch. r Properties of 'Umaimme
Structure of the atomi ad m7stal lattice
.2o Pbysicochardma properties
39 Thermochadoel p"Pirti"
ftopes"Use -of AIWAM
4, Structwe of the crystal lattice
5. Pbpiocohemical properti"
60' propertim.
Ch, nr Properti" of Carbon
7., Structure of aluminum arptallattice
S. Physicooheidoal properties
90 oxidation
C4 1r : Properties of Alluminvoc Plawides wd nuorld"
of other 16tals
10. Stractwe
n. Pirsioochadcal IGN
3.2, Thermoohmodoml woperties
Ch~ T ftopertlem of Systamm; formd by Aluminum Fluoride
aad nuorld" of other Metals
13* Systemst Aluminum fluoride-Cluorld" ofal kal I metals
An 436 - r
PAN
17
21*
31+
135
42
.45
47
53
56
61
67
70
3A0

Elektrometal:Lurgiya alyuminlya AD 436 - r
PAGE
14# Systems Cryolite - fluwid*o of alkall metals 80
15. Systems Cryolite - fluarides of blyalent metals 81
Ch. * VX Properties of System formed by Fluarldes, and Oxides
16, Systems Cry0lit6 - All"AirA 88
17, Systems 027olits - oxides 96
18, TernarT mid bins:7 optemo formed by fluorides and oxides 99
M V31 Tbec:7 of Electrolysis of Gryolito Alumina Smelts
19. Decomposition voltage of wryolite a1umins. and electrolyte
oompownte 115
20, Struature of molten m7olits aluzim 132
2L Process of current transfer in aluminum baths 135
Ch, VM Electrolytic Processes at Electrodes in Aluminum Bathe
22. Processes at cathodes 343
23. Processes at anodes 157
Ch, IX Output of Molten Cryolito-Alumina. per amp, and kw/br
24, Basic conceptions and mathematical relations 1?9
25, Effect of various factors 197
Ch. X Construction of Aluminum Baths
26, Development or aluminuis bathe conattuation 194
27. Modern alumium baths 198
C~ ZZ bulp of Aluminam Baths
e. asnewa design 206
4/10

Zlektroietallurgiya alyuminya AM 436 - I
PAGE
29 Electrical design 216
30: Thermal de'sign 224
31 Matej~ial'design 229
32: hmmple of design 229
Ch. XII Mounting of Aluminum Bathe
33. Materials used 246
34. Sequence of mounting operations 253
Ch. XIII Starting Operation of Aluminum Baths
35. Starting new baths with a continuous anode 259
36. Starting baths after major repairs 265
37. Starting multi-anods baths 266
38. Period of operation following the start 269
Ch. XIV Operation of Aluninm Bathe
39. Materials for baths 275
40. Operationa.and maintermas 276
41. Organization of working crew 306
42. Control-of production in the electrolytic shop 308
Ch a xv Life of Aluminum Bathe and their Demounting
,43* Effoet, of various factors on.the life of aluminum baths 310
44. Sequence of operations in dismounting aluminum baths 320
Ch. X71 Regeneration of Electrolyte in Aluminum Baths
45o Carbon film flotation 324
5/10

, TV -"' I ~- - - -
~.-U h, Z I izATI-4k
ometallurgiya alyuminiya AID 436-1
PAGE
46. Gas Absorption and regeneration of cryolite 327
Cho. XVrT Chlorination, Remelting'and Casting of Aluminum
47' Prk~ ties'of Initial, aluminum 333
48 Purir-'eation of aluminum. by chlorination and remelting
' 335
49: Castin
& of aluminum wire bars 341
Ch. XVIII Planining of Electrolytic Aluminum Plants
50. Location 345
51. Output (efficiency) 346
52. Selection of d-c' source 347
53. Operation conditions of aluminum bathe connected in series 351
54. Arrangement of aluminum baths in series and determination of
the main dimensions of the electrolytic vorkshop 358
55. Transportation 364
56. Ventilation 369
57. Equipment for the aluminum refining division 373
58. Mechanical workshop. 375
59. Determination of storage apace 375
60, Technical and economic calculations 376
SECTION II UECTROLYTIC REFINING OF ALUMnM
Ch. XIX Properties of Highly Pure Aluminum and its Application
61* Properties 383
62o Fields of application 386
6/10

Electrometallurgiya alyuminiya AID 436 - I
PAGE
Ch. XX Development of Methods of Electrolytic Refining
of Aluminum-
63. Development of the "Two Layer" electrolytic method 389
64. Development of the *Three Layer" electrolytic method 393
Ch- XXI Theory of Electrolytic Refining of Aluminum
Z5* Electrochemistry of aluminum refining 403
66, Physicochemieal properties of the electrolyte and
aluminum alloy anodes for aluminum refining 405
67. Determination of voltage for electrolytic refining
of aluxiinum 409
68. Mechanism of current transmission in the electrolytic
refining of aluminum 416
69. Current efficiency in the electrolytic refining of
aluminum 418
Ch. XXII Technology of Flectrolytic Refining of Aluminum
70. Construction of baths for aluminum refining 420
71. Preparation of salts used as starting material and
of the electrolyte 424
72. Preparation of aluminum alloy anode 4~6
73. Operation of alinninum alloy anode 426
74. Control of electrolytic aluminum refining 437
7/10
5 i !
I 2';.]PMZ- Is-, R
-lit's
FRI

Elektrometallurgiya alyuminiya
AID 436 - I
PAGE
75, Organization-of work in the electrolytic aluminum
refining'woAsh6p 439
76. Electrolytic aluminum refining from technical and
commercial viewpoints 440
77. Electrolytic refining of secondary aluminum
SECTION III ELECTRIC MELTING OF ALUNIM AND ITS ALLOYS
Ch. =I Use of Heat in Metallurgy of Aluminum Alloys
78. Development of heat processes 454
79. Advantages of electric heat processes 458
Ch. X Physieochemical Principles in Production of
Aluminum-Silicon Alloys from Ore
80. Difficulties in reduction of aluminum oxide 1+62
Sle Production of alminum alloys 472
82, Thermodynamics of reduction by carbon of aluminum
oxide and silicon oxide 476
83. High-temperature fusion of aluminum and silicon alloys
and their behavior in the reduction process 487
84. Conditions of joint reduction by carbon of SiO2 and A1203 508
Ch. XXV Raw Material and.Preparation of Furnace Charges
85. Ores with high alumina content and their concentration 517
86. Carbonic reducers and their properties 537
8/20
r77--

Elektrometallurgiya alyuminiya AID 436 1
PAGE
199. ft,6p6ftie-s and- ii~plibitioni 'of aluminum-silicon alloys 658
101. Production of eutectic silumin 665
102. Obtaining of aluminum from aluminum-silicon alloys and
from aluminum scrap with the help of alloy-combined metals 675
103. Reduction of aluminum from electrothermic, alloys by
distillation through compounds of low valence 700
104. Electrolytic refining of prinary aluminui&-ailicon alloys 709
105. Properties.and applications of silicon by-products 712
Purposet The book is intended to provide information on the subject treated for
engineers, technicians and scientific workers of the aluminum industry as well
as students of advanced courses in the electrometallurgy of aluminum.
Facilities: None
No. of Russian and Slavic Referencess Numerous Russian references in footnotes.
Available: Library of Congress.
10/10

Elektrometallurgiya alyuminiya AID 436 - i
PAGE
87. )rain're4uiremdht6'f6r furnace charges used for the
reduction-of aluminumwailicoh alloys 554
88., Technology of brequetting ore charges for the reduction
of aluminum-silicon alloys 562
89. Calculation of furnace charges 571
Ch. XXVI Furnaces for Smelting Aluminum-Silicon Alloys
90. Various charge zones in the electric furnace chambers; 582
91. Effect of electric characteristics 586
92. Single-phase and three-phase electric furnaces 601
93. Determination of electrical furnaces characteristics 606
94. Some requirements for the design of furnaces 616
Ch. XXVII Reduction of Aluminum Alloys
95. Reduction of silicon 627
96. Reduction of forro..4aumimm 637
97. Operating conditions of the furnace in reduction of
aluninum-silicon alloys 641
98* Defects in reduction of aluminum-silicon alloys and
means of their prevention 647
99. Control of reduction of aluminum-silicon alloys 652
Ch. XXVIII Remelting of Secondary Aluminuu-Silicon Alloys
Produced by Electric Heating Process
9/10

AGBM, P.Ya.; ALABYSHXV. A.F.; BATMAKOV, Tu.V.; IMLYATV, A.I.; BATASHNT, K.P.;
BUGARST, L.A.; VASIL'YNV, Z.V.; GUPALO, I.P.; GUSIMT, T.K.; ZHURIN,A.I.*,
VITYUKOV, X.M.; KOSTYUKOV, A.A.; LOZHM, L.K.; OLIXBN, M.P.;
OSIPOVA, T.V.: PUPSIV, I.I.; RUNYANTSBV, M.Y., STREIM, Ys.L.;
FIRSANOVA. L.A.; CZMRAXDV, V.Yo.
Georgii Alakaeovich Abramov. TSvet.met. 27 no.2:72-73 Xr-Ap 154. (KLRA 10:10)
(Abramov, Georgii Alekseevich, 1906-1953)

BILTAYIV,.A.I.; FI6ANOVA'' L.A.; ZHENCHUZHINA, Te.A.
Unsuppressed anode effects. TSvet.met.27 no.3:35-41 MY-Je '54.
(MIRA 10:10)
1. Mintevatmetsoloto.
(Aluminum--Illectrometallurgy)

1 ~3 -o~ 1- - 171 , - I
- - - - V` ~'- -- -- -
BILYAYS7, A.I.; RAPPOPORT, M.B.; FIRSANOTA, L.A.
Causes for the destruction of carbon cathode bloc)m in starting aluximm
calls. TSyst.mat. 27 no.6.-44-46 11-D '54. (XIRA 10:10)
(Cathodes) Uluminum-Slactrometallurg7)
IV,

-e -... , ~ - 1
. , , , ,-, tj~ -- . . -- -- . -
. I . n - -i~~ - .,,, -, i - , .
- UL-W, F a E,, -~" - r ~ I

F
E
-

lof ukti.t~~ t

iz:

AWL, ~14
&Wm vow=

BSLYIYIIV. Anatoliy Ivanavich; ZHIMCHUZHINA, Yelana Aleksanclrovna; FIRSANO
Lidlya ill %__"jHj&&&KLYARXNKO, S.I., profeonor, doktor, IrffTTW%ffFfff-;
"IMOPIVNIKOV, A-1. 11 -orofessorb doictor, rateenzent; CMNOV, A.S.,
redaktor; ARKHA iGALI'SUYA. M.S., redaktor izdatelletva; ATT.OPOVICK,
KA.. takhnichookly redaktor
(Physical chemistry of so*luble salts] Pisichaskaia khimiia raepl4ylexk.-
vy1ch solet. Moskva. -Goo. rAuchno-tekhn.izd-vo lit-ry po chernoi . i
tevetnoi wtallurgiiv 1957. 359 P. (HW 10:10
(Belts, Soluble)

137-58-4-6569
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 4, p 36 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Belyayev, A.I., Zhemchuzhina, Ye.A., Firsanova L.A
TITLE: An Investigation of the Physical Chemical Properties of Alum-
tnum Bath Electrolyte Containing Magnesium Fluoride (Issle-
dovaniye fiziko-khimicheskikh svoystv elektrolita alyumi-
niyevykh vann, soderzhashchego ftoristyy magniy)
PERIODICAL: Sb. nauchn tr. Mosk. in-t tsvetn-met. i zolota i VNITO
tsvetn. metallurgii, 1957, Nr 26, pp 143-161
ABSTRACT: MgF depresses the temperature of onset of crystallization
of Na F+AlF3 melts more than does Ca F 2.1 The rate of-solu-
tion of A1203 in melts containing MgF2 is higher than that of
melts containing CaF.2. MgF2 increases the wetting angle of
coal by NaF+AIF3 melts more than does CaF?. The critical
D of melts of NaF+AIF3 with added MgF2 is g reater than the
critical D of the same melts containing CaF. Losses of Al in
melts of NaF+AIF3 with added MgF2 are smaller than the
losses of Al in melts with added CaF2. When direct current is
Card 1/2 superimposed, the losses depend upon the Dk, while when

137-58-4-6569
An Investigation of the Physical (cont.
D > 0.2 amps/cm2, Al losses diminish. Liberation of Na at the cathode is
diminished somewhat by adding either,Ca F2 or Mg FZ. The density of
Na F+ AIF3 melts increases tinder the effect of MgF-2 to a lesser degree than
under the effect of CaF2. The electric conductivity of NaF+AIF3 melts di-
minishes under the effect of addition of-5% CaFZ+.5% MgF2 a little more
than under the effect of a*ddition of 7% CaF2. On the whole, MgF2 exercises
a more favorable effect on the physical chemical properties of the electro-
lyte in Al baths than does CaF2, and it is therefore desirable to use MSF2
as a component of the electrolyte.
1. G.
1. Aluminum coatings 2. Electrolytes--Properties--Analysis
Ca rd Z/z

SOV/ 13 7- 58- 7-14644
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 7, p 100 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Belyayev, A.I Firsanova L A.
TITLE: Melting Al-Si Alloys from Secondary Aluminum Treatment
Slimes (Vyplavka splavov Al-Si iz shlamov ot pereraboiki
vtorichnogo alyuminiya)
PERIODICAL: Sb. nauchn. tr. Mosk. in-t tsvetn. met. i zolota i VNITO
tsvetn. metallurgii, 1957, Nr 26, pp 162-171
ABSTRACT: A description is offered of the results of laboratory and
larger-scale experiments in the melting of slimes and the dis-
tillation of Al from the alloys obtained. The possibility is
established of obtaining AI-Si alloys containing 50-6056 Al in
reduction melts. These melts, enriched by filtration under
pressure, can be used to distill pure Al via an Al subchloride
in a vacuum distillation furnace using graphite heaters.
L. P.
1. Aluminum-silicon alloys--Productior
Card I/ I

0 137-1958-2-2593
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 2, p 55 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Firsanova, L. A., Belyayev, A. 1.
TITLE: Obtaining Pure Beryllium Chloride by Chlorinating Beryl
(Polucheniye chistogo khlorida berilliya khlorirovaniyern berilla)
PERIODICAL: Sb. nauchn. tr. Mosk. in-t tsvetn. met. i zolota i VNITO
tsvetn. metallurgii, 1957, Nr 26, pp 184-192
ABSTRACT: Laboratory tests were made to ascertain the feasibility of
chlorinating beryl with ClZ and recovering pure BeCIZ from a
mixture of Be, Al, Fe, and Si chlorides by vacuum distillation
and re -distillation. The possibility is shown of a direct chlorin-
ation of beryl with Cl . in the presence of carbonaceous substances
at 1200-13000, with a resulting mixture of chlorides. Conditions
of fractional distillation and vacuum re-distillation were 'studied
in detail. The beryl used was composed of 11.5 percent BeO,
18. 0 percent A1203, 60.0 percent SiOz, 4.1 percent FeZ03. Before
vacuum distillation the BeClz contained 0.6 percent FeC13 and
1.59 percent AIC13. Vacuum -distilled it contained 0.12 percent
Card 1/1 FeC13 and 0.086 percent AIC13, G. S.
1. BerYllii= chloride-Froduction-Theory

T D rT V 17 r
AUTHOR: Belyaev, A.I.9 Zhemehuzhina, E.A. and Firs!~,o
&A
TITU: Tests of magnesium fluoride as a component o! M;%~*um-
bath electrolyte. (Ispytaniya ftoristogo magrLiya kak kom-
ponenta elektrolita alyuminievykh vann.) ~0
PERIODICAL: "Tsvetnye Metal3_711 (Non-ferrous Metals), 1957,'~NO-5,
pp. 70 - 74 (U.S.S.R.)
ABSTRACT; In the first section of this work laboratory experiments
to elucidate the joint influence of magnesium and calcium
fluorides on the properties of alumixium-bath electrolyte are
described. The results are shown graphically as a fusion
diagram for the quasi-binary system: [2-5 NaF.AlF + 5 wt %
CaF2 + 5 wt % MgF21 - Al 0 s as a graph showing & infl-
2 39
uence of magnesite calcining temperature on th8 rate of its
solution in cryolite malts at 1 000 and 1- 020 C; and as
plots of solubility of aluminium, in the electrolyte, solubil-
ity of a angle of wetting, conductivity, densitry and
melting point against the weight % of CaF2 and MgF2. The lab-
oratory results indicate electrolytes should contain 695 M
Card 1/2 MgF for a total content of the fluoride of up to 10 wt a
sui?able cryolite ratio being 2-5 - 2.6. The second part of
the paper deals with full scale tests of magaesium-fluoride

11MIn-lum-
Tests of magnesium fluoride as a component of al ' ' bath
electrolyte. (Conte) 136-5-11/14
containing electrolytes, started at the Ural Aluminium Works
(Uralskom Alyuminievom. Zavode) in 1955 and is still continuing.
These testa have ahown the following favourable effects of
MgF2 additions: increased yield with respeat to current and
energy-, a lower bath working temperature; decreased consump-
tion of anodic material; higher CO content in the anodic
gases; lower consumption of alum fluoride; better oper-
ating conditions and improved working of the bath. Reasons for
these effects are discussed and it is noted that favourable
effects have also been obtained at aluminium works in Czecho-
slovakia and at Fushun in China (Chu Tzu Sen. "Influence of
magnesium fluoride on the electrolysis of cryolite-alumina
Card 2/2 melts". Dissertation, Mulden, 1956.). At the latter works,
sixteen MgF2-containing baths are working at the present timee
There are 7 references, 5 of which are Slavic.
ASSOCIATION: Mintsvetmetzoloto.
AVAILABLE:

SOV/137-59-1-462
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal. Metallurgiya, 1959, Nr 1, p 58 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Belyayev, A. I., Firsanova, L. A.
TITLE: Refining of Aluminum by Distillation in Conjunction With Subhaloid
Compounds (Rafinirovaniye alyuminiya distillyatsiyey cherez
subgaloidnyye soyedineniya)
PERIODICAL: Izv. vyssh. uchebn. zavedeniy. Tsvetn. metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 1,
pp 116-120
ABSTRACT- The process of refining of Al by means of distillation (D) in conjunc-
tion with subfluoride and subchloride was investigated with the aid of
a laboratory vacuum device; the behavior of impurities was studied
concurrently. It was found that the behavior of the impurities is
identical during D of Al with either subfluoride or subchloride. Si
and Fe may be present in the initial Al in significant quantities with-
out passing into the refined metal; Cu. Ti, and Mn pass into the
refined metal more readily, where Mg, Zn, and Ca pass into the
final metal so easily that their concentration in the initial Al must
be kept to a minimum. The purity of refined metal varies from
Card 1/2 99.8% Al, during D of Si-Al. to 99-999% Al during D of primary Al.

SOV/137-59-1-462
Refining of Aluminum by Distillation in Conjunction With Subhaloid Compounds
In order to improve the Purity of refined Al multiple D of the condensate should
also be employed.
B. L.
Card 2/2

BELYAYIIV. A.I.: FIRSANOVA. L.A.
Iffect of aluminum on anode effect during electrolysis of oryolits -
alumina malts. Zhur. prikl. khim. 31 no*9.'1361-1366 S 158.
(MIRA 11:10)
(Aluminum-Blectrometallurgy)

18W PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/3171
Belyayev, Anatoliy Ivanovich, end Lidiya Alekseyevba Fireanove.
Odnovalentnyy alyuminiy v metallurgichookikhprotmoseekb (Monovai-e-nt Aluminum in
Metallurgical Processes) Moscow, Metallurgizdat, 1959. 142 p. Errata slip
inserted. 1,550 copies printed.
Reviewers: B. V. Nekrasov, Corresponding Member, Academy of Sciences,USSR)and
G. Ye. Vollfson, Engineer; Ed. of Publishing House: L. M. ElIkind; Tech.
Ed.: A. I. Kaftsev.
PURPOSE: This book Is intended for technical personnel in the alilminum industry,
personnel at scientific research institutes, and students of schools of higher
education.
COVERAGE: The book contains theoretical and experimental material on "subcompounds"
(lower-valence compounds) of aluminum and their role in the production of elec-
~rolytic and ill s aluminum. N6 personalities- are mentioned. 'There 'are
'98 ieferdWo4s% 43 Soviet,'30 English, 22 German, 2 French, and 1 Itilian.'
Card 113

Monovalent Aluminum (Cont.) SOV/3171
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Preface 4
Ch. I, Lower-valence Compounds (S-4boompounds) of Aluminum and Their Pro-
perties .5
Ch. II. Distillation of Aluminum Through Lower-valence Compounds 26
Ch. III. Conditions for Vacuum Distilling Aluminum Through Its Subrluoride
and Subehloride 36
Ch. IV. Application of Subhalides of Aluminum for the &traction of Pure
Aluminum From Electrothermelly Produced Alloys and Secondary
Aluminum 78
Ch. V. Production of Ultrapure Aluminum by Distillation Through Aluminum
Subfluorids 97
Ch. VI. The Role of Monovalent Aluminum in the Electrolytic Production of
Aluminum ill
Card 2/3

Monovalent Aluminum (Cont.)
SOV/3171
Ch. VII. Formation of Horovelent Aluminum in Anodic Diasolution (Oxidation)
of the Metal in Aqueous Solutions and Fused Salts 125
Ch. VIII. Formation of Subhalides of Aluminum in the Melting of Aluminum
With Fused-salt Fluxes 131
Bibliography 140
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress (TN775.B347)
Card 313 VK/lsb
2-3-60

180)
AUTHORS; Belyayev, A. I., SOT/163-59-1-12/50
TITLE: Influence of Aluminum Upon the Anodic Effect in the Electrolysis
of Kryolithe-Alumina Melts (Vliyaniye alyuminiya na anodnyy
effekt pri elektrolize kriolito-glinozemnykh rasplavov)
PERIODICAL: Nauchnyye doklady vysehey shkoly. Metallurgiya, 1959, Nr 1,
PP 53-57, (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In previous papers the influence of excess (not dissolved)
alumina in the electrolyte (Ref 1) and of the gaseous phase
(Ref 2) upon the anodic affect in the electrolysis of kryolithe-
alumina malts was investigated. As, however, in industrial
aluminum bathe the electrolyte is continuously in contact with
the mqlten aluminum, in this paper the influence of the
aluminum upon the anodic effect in the electrolysis of
kryolithe-alumina melts was investigated according to the usual
method of determining the critical current density at the
carbon anode (Ref 3). There was only one difference namely
that the critical amperage lor was measured in the presence of
the aluminum previously introduced into the electrolyte. In
Card 1/3 a number of caseal moreover, the critical amperage was not

Influence of Aluminum Upon the Anodic Effect in the SOT/10',3-59-1-12/50
Electrolysis of Kryolithe-Alumina Melts
measured with an amperemeter, but was determined by oscillo-
grap ha of the anodic effect. The information gained shows
that the critical current density greatly increases about 1
minute after the aliLminum has been dipped into the melt
(corresponding to the time required by the aluminum to melt).
If the electrolyte is very acid, this increase is smaller
than in less acid or in basic electrol7tes. Later on the
critical current density decreases again, the decrease pro-
ceeding more rapidly in acid electroly-.es. Afterwards the
critical current density stabilizes at lower values (even
below the initial ones) than in less acid or basic electrolytes,
in which the critical current density decreases more slowly
with time. The maximum in the curves describing the critical
current density versus time function (the maximum occurring
immediately after charging the metal) is explained as follows;
Immediately after charging the metal the aluminum is energeti-
cally dissolved, producing surface-active ions Al+ (in acid
melts) or Na 2+ (in basic melts). They lead to a considerable
reduction of the potential between the electrolyte and thV
Card 2/3 carbon anode and henoe to an increase of the critical current

Influence of Aluminum Upon the Anodic Effect in the SOV/163-59-1-12/50
Electrolysis of Kryolithe-Alumina Melts
density. It is shown that in the region of the electrolyte
surrounding the anode there proceed reactions which lead to
a destruction of these ions, due to an interaction of the
corresponding sub-compounds with CO 2 (which is separated at
the anode). There are 3 figures and 3 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATIONs Moskovskiy instittit tavetnykh metalloll i zolota (Moscow
Institute of NonZferrous Metals and Gold)
SUBMITTED: June 9, 1958
Card 3/3

FIRSAMVA. L.A.; BELTAYEV, A. I.
Preparing beryllium-alumimim-copper alloys b7 tho reduction of
gaseous beryllium chloride. Izv.vva.ucbeb.zav.; tsvet.met. 2 no.l:
59-66 '59. (MIRA 12:5)
1. Mookovskly institut tsvetn7kh metallov i solo-ba. Kafedra metallur-
gii legkikh "etallov.
(Barrilium-aluminum-copper alloys)
(Reduction, Chemical)

0 BOV/180-59-5-3/37
AUTHORS: Belyayevq A.I.9 and Firsa'nova, L.A. (Moscov)
TITLEs Influence of Aluminiui`W-Me-on Losses and Current
Efficiency of Aluminium in Electrolysis of~pjjglite-
Alumina Malts
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSRjOtdeleniyo tekhnlcheskikh
nauk, Metallurgiya i. toplivo, 1959,Nr 5, pp 27-.3'+ (USSR) A
I
ABSTRACT: The authors point to the differences in publishod
opinions on the technically important quostion of the
optimum content of alumina for aluminium electrolysis
with cryolite-alumina melts. They outline the literature
on the nature and properties of such melts and go on to
describe their own work to solve this question. The
first experiments on aluminium. losses were divided into
two series with closed and open graphite containers,
respectively, - The containers were 52 mm outer diameter,
36 inner and 120 high and held 100 g of salt plus oxide.
The cryolite ratio was varied in the range 2 - 3. the
temperature being kept at 1000 t 10 OC. Aluminium loss
Card is plotted against eTyolite ratio in Fig 1 for alumina-
1/3 contents up to 10%. The curves show that in general
with a cryolite ratio over 2.4 losses rise considerably

SOV/180-59-5-3/37
influence of-Aluminium Oxide on~losses-a4.Current:Btficiency~of
Aluminium in Electrolysis of Cryolite-Alumina melts
with increasing alumina contenti with lower ratio values
the general effect is opposite. With the open container
the ratio was varied from 2-.2 to 3 and the alumina to 15%9~
the completeness of solution being checked visually
before immersion of the aluminium. The aluminium lo.3s
vs A120 content curves for various cryolite ratios
(Fig 22 show ma ima whose positions depend on the ratio.
Fig 26 (loss vs eryolite ratio) shows the favourable
effect of undissolved alumina on the loss; with alumina-
saturated melts the metal losses are 1150 of those when
the A1203 content is only 10%, but with excessive contents
the losses rise. The experiments to find the influence of
alumina on current efficiency were carried out on a
laboratory unit (Fig )+) with melts containing 7% MgP2 +
3% CaF2 and with various cryolite ratios. To reduce
Card solution of the corundum crucible some of the cryolite
alumina melts were prepared beforehand in a gMphite e
2/3 container at 1000 00 and the alumina content was kept
'> 4%; others were melted directly in the corundum
container at 970 OC. The corundum crucible (with 170 9

6,7795
SOV/180-59-5-3/37
Influence of Aluminium Oxide on Losses and Current Efficiency of
Aluminium in Electrolysis of Gryolite-Alumina Melts
of electrolyte) was enclosed In a graphite container In
the furnaces and a temperature of 970 10 00 was
maintained. The current was constant at 5 amp; cathodio
current densities of 1.1 and 0.6,23 amp/cm2 were used.
The results are shown in Figs 5 and 6 where the current
efficiency is plo tted against A1201 content for partly
(curves 1 and 3) and fully (curves-2 and 4) dissolved
alumina. The efficiency falls under the influence of
dissolved alumina and rises in the presence of
undissolved particles of alumina, especially In alumina-
saturated melts. The authors maintain that the influence
of alumina concentration on metal losses and current
efficiency can be explained only on the ionic view of the
Card nature of cryolite-alumina melts and complex formation in
3/3 this system.
There are 6 figures and 11 references, 6 of which are
Soviet, 3 English, 1 French and 1 Italian.
SUBMITTED: 11 June, 1959

S/081/132/000/010/053/085
B168/B180
AUTHORSt Belyayev, A._Io, Firsanovap L. A.
TITLE: Increasing the purity of aluminum by diittillation through
subfluoride
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnals Khimiya, no.10o-'1962, 396, abstract
10K50 (3b. nauchn. tr. In-t tsvetn. M. I.
Kalinina, Y. 33, 1960, 120-131)
TEXTz The following conditions have been established for the distillati6#-.,,.
of aluminum through subfluoride, giving aluminum with a purity of
99-99999% according to'data obtained by spectrum analysis). Aluminum !eY
grade A0 O~AOO) is used as starting metal. AlF 3 (iridustrial) is refined
by double sublimation in a vacuum. The equipment is made of graphite
grade P13 (RV), calcined in a vacuum at 10000C. Temperature of Al-
distillation 10700C, temperature of AlF 3 sublimation iOOOOC. Residual
pressure in the system 0-15-0.2 mm Hg. The AlF 3 t Al ratio is
Card 1/2

S/081/62/000/010/053/085
Increasing the purity... B168/B!80
1.6-1-7 w/w. The air entering the apparatus must be as free as possible
from dust partioless After separation from A1F,j the Al obtained under
these conditions, was tried out in experimental semiconductor
appliances and gave satisfactory results. ~Abstraoterls notei Complete
translation.~
Card 2/2

s/14q/*6i/boq/to2/t16/W7
AOO6/AOO1
AUTHORSi Belyayev, A.I., Zhemchuzhina, Ye.A., Firsanova, L.A.
TITLEs The All-Union Conference on Physical Chemistry of Molten Salts and
Slags
PERIODICAL: Izveittiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy, Tsvetnaya metallurgiya,
1961,' No. 2, pp. 162 - 165
TM: The All-Union Conference on physical chemistry of molten salts and
slags was convened from November 22 - 25, 1960 in Sverdlovsk at the Institut elek-
trokhimii Urallskogo.filiala AN SSSR (Institute of Electrochemistry of the Ural
Branch AS USSR). The Conference heard the following reports: Academiolan A.N.
Frunkin's introductory report on the actual development of problems relating to
the physical chemistry of molten electrolytes; Yu.K. Delimarskiy, Kiyev, on
"Kinetics of Electrode Processes in Molten Salts", N.K. Voskresenakaya,'Moscow,
on the present state of investigating thermodynamical properties of molten saltsl
Yu.V. Baymakov,, Leningrad, on "Molten Salt - Metal Equilibriud. A number of
reports dealt with results from investigating physico-chemical properties of salt
systems, including papers delivered byl M.V. Kamenetnkiy, Leningrad, on "Ternary
card 1/ 4

Sl149A 000/1002/016/t 17
A006/AOOI
The All-Union Conference on Physical Chemistry of Molten Salts and Slags
Systems of BariumP Potassium, Titanium Chlorides and of Bwrium, Sodium and Tita-
niud'; V.G. Selivanov, Dnepropetrovsk, on results of investigating the phyaico-
chemical properties of molten fluDro-borate oxides (Na 2BF4 - NaF .. B2 ) and
fluoro-titanate-oxide (Na2TiIP6 - NaF - T102) systems; M-M- Vetyukov,~!ningrad,
on the properties and structure of malts of the sodium fluoride - aluminum flu-
oride system; L.A. Pirsanovit. Moscow, on the physico-ohemical properties of cry-
olitic melts and.of aluminum bath electrolytes containing barium chlordde; Xh.L.
Strelltsa, Leningrad, on results of investigations into physico-chemical proper-,
ties of melts of systems corresponding to the electrolytic composition of mag-
nesium baths and containing CaC12 and BaC12. A.I. Belvavev,.Moscow, on results
of investigating molten salts with the aid of radio-active gamma radiation; I.D.
Sokolova, Moscow, on "Surface Tension of Molten Salts"; R.V. Chernov, Kiyev, on
investigating specific electric conductivity of TiCl MeCl melts; B.F. Markov,
Kiyev, on electro-conductivity of binary salt melts K connection with phase
diagrams; G.V. Vorobyev, Sverdlovsk, on results of measuring electric conductivi-
ty of systems of molten alkali metal carbonates. A number of reports dealt with
results of investigating molten salt-metal systems: N.F. Bukun, Berezniki Ion
Card 2/4

S/149/C/000/'002A16A17
A0061AOOI
The All-Union Conference on Physical Chemistry of Molten Salts and Slags
results of investigating magnesium dissolution in molten chlorides; A.P. Palkin,
Voronezh, on peculiarities in the reaction of salts with metals in mutual systems
of displacement in molten state; S.A. Zaretskiy and V.B. Busse-Machukas, Moscow,
on equilibria of 2KC1 + cacz 2K +
CaC12 and Na + KCIgE=~ftCl + K; Ye.A. Zhem-
chuzhina, Moscow, on "The Effect of Metallic Admixtures In Aluminum on Interphase
Tension and Its Losses in Cryolitic-Alumina Meltdj The electrochemical extraction
of zirconium from melts on potassium fluorozirconate base (K2ZrF ) and alkali
metal chlorides was treated in the following reports: A.I. Yevsq;u~, Moscow,
on positive results of electrolysis in closed cello with neutral.atmosphere; M.V.
Smirnov, Sverdlovsk, on equilibrium potentials of zirconium in chloride and mixed
fluoro-chloride electrolytes; The following papers were concentrated on physical
chemistry of molten slags: V.L. Hheyfets, Leningrad, on "The Conditions of Metals
Dissolved in Non-Ferrous Metallurgical Slags"I D.M. Chizhikov, Moscow, on some
physico-chemical properties of silicate melts, containing heavy non-ferrous metals;
I.N. Zakhatov, Sverdlovsk, on results of investigating the solubility of chromium
oxide in molten slags; A.A. Velikanov, Kiyev, on "Electrochemical Investigation
of Molten Sulfides of Heavy Metals; The Conference recommended to concentrate
Card 3A

8/1~9/6 1/'000/'002/016/'0 17
A006/AO01
The All-Union Conferenoe on Fhysioal Chemistry of Molten Salts and Slags
scientific research on the mcilecular-ionio structure of molten salts and slagaj
thermodynamics of ealt and slag meltal the structure of molten elootrolyteel
electrochemical investigition of meltal surface phenomena in electrolytes and
other fielde. It was suggested to convene the next Conference in.1962 in Kiyev.
Card 4/4

BELYAY.EV, A.I. (Moskva); E~~�ANOVA$ L.A. (Moskva)
Effect of barium chloride on the physicochemical properties
of cryolite~alumina melts. Izv. 10 SSSR. Otd. tekh. nauk.
met. i topl. no-4:3-11 JI-Ag 161. (MIRA 14.8)
(Alminm-Eleotrometallurgy)
(Bariun chloride)

22799
S/136/61/000/005/002/008
IKS 100A J-a 10 -9 7 E073/E535
AUTHORS: Belyayevt A.I., ~~r~sn v~L_~A., Vollfson, G.Ye.
and Katon, Ya. S .
TITLE.: On the ]Problem of Interaction of Barium Chloride with
Cryolite Melts and its Influence on the Technology of
Electrolytic Refining of Aluminium
PERIODICAL: Tovetnyye metally, 1961, No.5, pp.43-45
TEM In electrolytic refining of aluminium by means of the
three-layer method, an electrolyte is used consisting of barium
chloride, cryolite, aluminium fluoride and sodium chloride.
Chemical analyses of electrolytes reveal the presence in the
electrolytes of barium fluoride in quantities reaching 17 to 18%.
This indicates interaction in such melts of barium chloride with
the fluorides, for instance in accordance with the reaction:
3BaC12 + 2AlF3 ---) 3BaF2+ 2AIC13 U)
The results are givenof analyses of the electrolytes from baths
for electrolytic refining of Al with various cryolite ratios,
Table 1. (K.o. - cryolite ratio; composition of the electrolyte,
Card 1/4

22
On the Problem of Interaction S/136/61/07005/002 008
E073/E535
wt.%). It can be seen that with decreasing cryolite ratios,
from 1.94 to 1.33 (i.e. with increasing AlF content). the content
of BaF2 increases from 1.89% to 17.31%. - Ahording to the
reaction, Eq.(l), in addition to BaF volatile AlCl orms. which
leads to a partial loss of Cl. For Ce purpose of varffying the
possibility of the reaction expressed by Eq.M. synthetic mixtures
of salts were produced with cryolite ratios between I and 3
containing 3 to 60 wt.% BaCl2 This mixture was maintained in the
molten state for I hour at 10000C and then rapidly cooled and
analysed chemically for the contents of Na, Al, Ba and Cl. From
the analytically determined Ba and Cl contents, the respective
content of BaCl2 was calculated and these values were compared.
A plot is made of the analytically determined BaCl content (%,
based on the % of Cl2 in the malt) as a function op the BaCl 2 content
in the charge for cryolite ratios (K.o.) of 2.8 to 1.0 (the
uppermost line applies to the initial BaCl 2 contdnt in the charge).
The results show that the reaction expressed by Eq.(l) does indeed
take place and leads to an accumulation of BaF 2 in the electrolyte.
This is brought about by an increase in the AlF3 content
Card 2/4

22799
on the Problem of Interaction ... S/136/61/006/005/002?008
E073/E535
of the melt, 'i. e. by adecrease in the cryolite ratio. Th e
following conclusions are arrived dt:-
1. Considerable interaction w4s observed in melts with cryolite
ratios below 2, whereby as a result of this interaction BaF 2
forms which has ai~ unfavourable influence on the properties of
the nielt.
2. To improve the operation'of industrial baths in electrolytic
refining of Al, the cryolite ratio must not drop below 1-7.
3. It is-ne6essary to develop a rapid.method of analysis*of the
eledtrolyte which is applicable'to electrolytic refining of Al
for the purpose of systematic checking of the composition and
maintaining an optimum cry6lite-ratio. There are 1 figure
and 2 tablbs.
ASSOCIATIONS: Institut tavetnykh metallov imeni M. 1. Kalinin*
j
(Institute* of Nonferrous Metals imeni M.I.Xallnin
(Belyayev and Firsanova).
Volkhavskiy alyuminiyevyy zavod (Volkhov
Aluminium. Works) I%Vollfson and Katon)
Cara

FIRSANOVA-., L.A. - BELIANI p A. T.
__.- v ~
Effect of salt additions on aluminun solubility Ja cryolite-
alumina melts. I:,,,v. vys. ucheb. zav.; tsvet. met. 4 no.6.*72-
78 161. (MIRA -14:22)
1. Krasnoyarskiy institut tovetnykh metallov, kafedra metallurgii
legkikh metallov.
(Aliminum. - 4-letallurgy)

BELYAUV~ A.I.; FIWANOVA L,A ; VOLIFSON, G.Ye,; LAZAREV, G.I.
Effect of catbodjq current density- and the cryo2#e relation,
of efactrolytes on the currint efficiency ih.61unin= production.'
Izve vys. ucheb-.,zav.; tavet. met. 4 no.5:117-122 161. (MIRA 14i10)
1, Krasnoyuskiy institut tevetnykh metallov i Volkhovskiy
aI.vumJ.niy9vyy,zavod.
(Aluminum-Electrmetallurgy)

FIRSANOIIA~ L.A.; BELYAXEVO A.I.
Effect of salt admixtures on the solubility and the speed of
alumina solution in cryolite melto, Izv*vysouchebozavo tovets
met. 5 nol.-77-81 162. WRA 1532)
1. Krasnoyarskiy institut tsvetnykh metallov, kafedra, metallurgii
legkikh metallov.
(Alumina) (Solubility)

FIRSMIOVA, L.A.; BELYAYEV, A.I.
Loss of aluminum in cr7olite melts. Izv. vys. ucheb. zav.; tsvet.
met. 5 no.2:88-94 '62. (MIRA 15:3)
1. Krasnoyarskiy inatitut tsvetnykh metallov, kafedra rretallurgii
legkikh metallov.
(Aluminum-Electrometallurgy)

FMSANMA, L.A.; BBLYAYEV, A.I.
Kffect of crucible material and design of the cell on alumimm
losmi in cryolite malts. Izv.vys.ucheb.zav.; tavet.met. 5
no.3t53-58 162. 1 (KM 150.1)
1. Krasnoyarskiy institut tsvetnykh metallov, kafedra metallurgii
legkikh metallov.
(Alumintua-Blectrometallurgy)

-,-f~RSANOVAj,_.;!~_A.j BELEAEV; A.I. (Belyayev, A.I.]
Aluminum losses in cryolite fusions. Analele metalurgia 16
no.4:81-87 O-D, 162.

MASHOVETS, V.P.; FORSBLOM, G.V.-Prinimal uchastiye POPOV, R.B.;
CULYANITSHY, B.S.? inzh., retsenzent; FIRSAWA, L.A.,
red.; ATTOPOVICH, M.K., tekhn. red.
(Electrolytic production of alwainum] Elektralitichoskoe
proizvodstyo aliuminiial praktichaskoe rukovodotvo dlia
rabochikh, brigadirov i masterov tsekhav elektroliza aliu-
minevykh savodov. Moskva., Metallurgizdat, 1951. 220 p.
(MIRA 16:7)
1. Vsesoyusnyy alyumio~yevo-magni7evyy institut (for
Mashovets, Forsblom).
(Aluminum--Electrometallurgy)

ACCESSION NR: AT4001237 S/3031/63/000/035/0101/0107
AUTHORS: Belyayev, A. I.; Firsanova, L. A.; Vollfson, G. Ye.,-
Lazarev, G. I.; Pal I cbikov, A.
TITLE: Obtaining ultrapure aluminum by distillation through
subfluoride in a pilot unit
SOURCE: Gosudarstvenny*y institut tsvetny*kh metallov. Sbornik
nauchny*kh trudov. Moscow, no. 35, 1963, 101-107
TOPIC TAGS: ultrapure aluminum, ultrapure aluminum production,
ultrahigh purity;motal, ultrahigh purity metal production, ultrahigh,
purity aluminum, ultrahigh purity aluminum production
ABSTRACT: Apparatus for the production of ultrapure aluminum by
distillation via the hypofluoride, developed at the Institut
tsvetny*kh metallov im. M. 1. Kalinina (Institute of Nonferrous
Metals) by A. 1. Belyayev and L. A. Firsanova, (Trudy Mintsvetmet-
zoloto im. M. 1. Kalinina, no. 33, 1960) is described briefly. In
this method the purified aluminum is brought in contact with vapor-
Card 1/

ACCESSION NR: AT4001237
1-- -2
ized aluminum fluoride at 10500 and residual pressure 10- 10 nuu
Hg- The produced aluminum hypofluoride is decomposed into pure
aluminum and aluminum fluoride which is returned to the cycle.
During the course of the trials of the aluminum distillation tech-
nology, conditions were found under which large aluminum ingots of
specified shape can be produced in the condenser, witii simultaneous
production of the return condensate (Al + AlF3 with small amount of
disperse aluminum). Tests with the pilot plant have shown the pos-
sibility of producing by this method superpure aluminum (99.999%)
in amounts up to 1 kg a day. The aluminum obtained in the pilot
plant was found suitable for production of semiconductor rectifiers,
since the siluminum produced from it has, less than 0.0001% Fe,
0.0006% Mg, and 0.0001% Cu. Orig. art. has: 3 figures and 2 tables.
ASSOCIATION: Gosudarstvenjiy*y institut tsve tny*kh metallov (State
Institute of Nonferrous Metals)
Card 2/1

ChECIEF-NTOKV, V-N.; FlRSAXVA L A.; FElXJRCHl,Trl O.K.
Themodynamic investigation of' the reaction 31 i Sicl --->2S"12'
Izv. vys. ucheb. zav.; tsvet. met. 8 no.4:97-102* 165. 4