SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT FINKEL, V.M. - FINKELBERG. V.M.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000413210017-2
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 13, 2000
• Sequence Number: 17
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

88054
S/139/60/000/006/021/032
E193/E483
X-Ray Investijgation of Elastic Deformation of Mono- and Poly-
Crystals
analysis of polyerystalline wire specimens of steel 3,
conducted with the aid of an X-ray camera, specially adapted for
examination of stressed'specimens. In this case-, too, the*
intinsity of'the (110) and (211) lines and the width of the,
(211) lines remained constant untiL the externally applied
tensile stress exceeded the elastic limit (30 kg/mm2) of the
alloy studied. There'arer8 figures and 16 references:,
4 Soviet and 12 non-Soviet (3 of which are translated into
Russian).
ASSOCIATION.: Sibirnkiy,'metallurgicheakiy inatitut
(Siberian Metallurgical Institute)
SUBMITTED: - July 6, 1959
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BW54
s/i3q/6o/ooo/oo6/02l/032
EIL93/F.485
X-Ray Investigation of Zlastic Deformation of Mono- and Poly-
Crystals
PHc. 1. Cxema AByxpKCTaAbHOrO SO
cneXTPOMeTP3.
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E021/E306
AUTHORS: Finkel', V.-M. and Berezovskiy, V.N.
TITLE- Study of the Shape and Size of X-ray Interference
Spots of Elastically-deformed Transformer Steel
PERIODICAL: Kristallografiya, 1960, Vol. 50 No. 6)
pp. 896 - 903 + I plate
TEXT: The reflections of X-rays from loaded and unloaded
polycrystalline samples of transformer iron have been studied
using an X-ray camera with an equivalent convergence of the
0
X-ray beam of 9-15 . 40 specimens were studied and
reversible charWs in the interference spots occurred only in
10*of them. The relative quantity of spots changing in a
reversible manner was very small - 1-5% in the majority of cases
and never greater than 12%, Thus it can be assumed that
reversible changes in grains in the process of elastic
extension is a rare phenomenon. There were three main types
of elastic changes in the grains of the polycrystal~ a
decrease in perfection of the crystallites; an increase in
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E021/E3o6
Study of the Shape and Size of X-ray Interference Spots
of Elastically-deformed Transformer Steel
perfection of the crystallites~ and intensive rotation of
several crystallites. A decrease in perfection was shown
by an increase in size of the spots in the direction of the
acting stresses and also in a tangential direction, An
increase in perfection was shown by a decrease in size of
the spots, a decrease in their intensity and the disappearance
of individual spots. Rotation of crystallites was shown by
the interrelated displacement and rotation of spots and also
from changes in the ratio of intensity of the components
of the K CL -doublet. It was established that, as a rule,
during elastic deformation, the reflections from the most
imperfect crystallites change. This was as a result of
considerable local stress gradients in, and in the neigh-
bourhood of, the grain boundaries. The microstresses
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Study of the Shape and Size of X-ray Interference Spots
of Elastically-deformed Transformer Steel
involved could be quite high and could result in the
creation of a microcrack. Acknowledgment is made to
Professor Yu.V. Grdina, in whose labontory the work was
executed.
There are 9 figures, I table and 18 references& 14 Soviet
and 4 non-Soviet,
ASSOCIATION: Sibirskiy metallurgicheskiy institut
imeni S. Ordzhonikidze (Siberian
Metallurgical Institute imeni
S. Ordzhonikidze)
SUBMITTED: October 9, 1959
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rum, . V.m* 0 BnOrmys Vag
Classification and occurrence of residual stresses.
Zav.1ab. 26 no*.7:859-860 160. Oam 13:7)
.1. Sibirskly metallurgleheski Institut In. S. Ordzhonikidze.
(Deformttons (Nechanics)f (Strains and stresses)

S/126/6i/on/oo4/oi5/O23
E193/E483
AUTHORS: Finkel', V.M. and Krotenok, P.I.
TITLE3 On the Problem of Plastic Deformation in the Brittle
Fracture Plane
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, 1961, Vol.11, No.4,
pp.6ol-6oB
TEXTz The fact that, even in the case of brittle fracture of
metal, plastic deformation may take place in the thin layer,
adjacent to the fracture-plane, has already been established by
many authors (Ref-7 to 18). Depending on the nature of the applied
load and on temperature, the degree of plastic deformation his been
found to vary between I and 5%, the thickness of the deformed layer
varying from 20 microns to 3 mm. The object of the present
investigation was to study the lattice distortion and fragmentation
near the brittle fracture plane of rail steel, containing 0,75% C-
This was done with the aid of X-ray diffraction analysis of the
fracture surfaces of impact test pieces tested to fracture at
temperatures between +100 and -700C. the investigated region being
situated 3 mm below the notch. The problem of determining the
size of the mosaic blocks and the magnitude of the distortions of
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On the Problem of Plastic ... 9193/E483 .
the second type was, in this case, complicated by the fact that the
thickness of the plastically (and non-uniformly) deformed layer
was of the same order of magnitude an the depth of penetration of
the X-ray beam. This difficulty was overcome by using a technique,
consisting in analysis of X-ray patterns obtained at various angles
of Incidence. The theoretical basis for this technique Is
illustrated in Fig.1, where the thickness U, microns) of the
material participating in producing the X-ray pattern is plotted
against the angle of incidence aL , the diagram having been
constructed for the CoKa radiation; curves I to 5 relate,
respectively, to the (110), (200), (211), (220) and (310) lines in
the upper half of the filml curves 10 to 51 relating to the same
lines in the lower half of the film. In the present work, the
authors utilized the (310) and (211) lines. produced on the
opposite halves of the film by an X-ray.,beam falling on the target
IL 'The -dimensions of
at a = 59* which corresponded to Z wd
the mosaic blocks and the magnitude 67;fl? he, istorii6ns of the
second type were determined by the metho"d described by
W.A.Rachinger (Ref.22). The variation of the degree of plastic
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WON
M
NORMORIF M_ I

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On the Problem of Plastic E-193/E483
deformation with the distance from the fracture plane was studied
by analysis of the (211) lines obtained for the angles of
incidence of 501 6o, 70, 80, 90 and 95* and the (310) lines
obtained for a = 119, 122, 128, 138, 149 and 156', where a region
situated at a distance of 7 to 37 microns from the surface was
covered. In order correctly to interpret the X-ray data, it was
necessary to determine the dependence of the width of the X-ray
lines on the angle of incidence. After a chapter concerned with
this problem, the authors report their findings which can be
summarized as follows: 1. The impact strength of the rail steel
studied decreases monotonically with decreasing temperature
falling from approx 10 kgm/cm2 at 100% to approx. 3 kgm/cm~ at
-700C. 2. The effect of temperature on the plastic deformation
of a surface layer 35 microns thick is illustrated in Fig.5, where
the dimensions (D, A) of the mosaic blocks (lower diagram) and
micro-stresses (&a/a-10-1) (upper diagram) are plotted againstu the
test temperature (*C). 3. The variation of the degree of plastic
deformation with the distance from the fracture plane is
Illustrated in Fig.6, where the size of the mosaic blocks (D,
is plotted against the thickness (Z, microns) of the layer analyzed,
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On the Problem of Plastic ... E193/E483
the six curves relating to various test temperatures, as indicat;d
on each diagram. It will be seen that at temperatures between 5
and -13*C, the size of the mosaic blocks remains constant for
Z = 10 to 401t which indicates fairly uniform distribution of
plastic deformation; the shape of the impact test pieces, broken
at these temperatures, is markedly changed near the fracture plane,
and the plastically deformed region extends to a distance of
several mm from the fracture plane. At lower temperatures, the
size of the mosaic blocks increases with the distance from the
fracture plane; this indicates that with decreasing temperaturel
the degree of localization of plastic deformation increases, the
thickness of the plastically deformed layer not exceeding 35 to
40 microns; this in also confirmed by the,fact that the external
dimensions of test pieces, broken at low temperatures, remain
unchanged. 4. The interesting fact that no distortions of the
second type have been found in test pieces, broken at low
temperatures, is attributed to the possibiMity of plastic
deformation being, in this case, localized not only in the 35 to
40 microns thick layer but also in micro-volumes of the size
comparable with the sizelof the mosaic blocks. Acknowledgments
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On the Problem of Plastic E193/E483
are inade to Professor Ya.V.Grdina for h1a ansIstance. There are
figures and 28 references: 22 Soviet and 6 non-Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Sibirskiy maiallurgicheskiy institut
(Siberian Metallurgical Institute)-
SUBMITTED: August 10, 1960
Z. _"N
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1/0
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Fig.l.
//0 /?0 00 NO /JO 160 170 180 cc

Y
S/126/61/012/005/015/028
E091/E335
AUTHORS: Finkel'. V.M. and Kutkin, 1.0.
TITLE: Investigation of crack propagation in steel
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, v. 12, no. 5,
1961, 732 - 739
TEXT: The method and results of a study of crack propagation
in metals under impact loading is reported. High-speed cine-
photography was.used, in which exposures of up to 4800 frames/sec
could be achieved. Incisions were made along metallic plates,
250 x 100 x 7 mm, which enabled even ductile metals such as low
carbon steel to be tested for impact resistance. Each specimen
was placed, incision upwards, on a T-shaped rest. The latter
was placed on a massive support. A striker was positioned at
the end of the plate. The load falling from various heights
delive.red an impact to the striker and a crack propagated itself
along the incision of the plate. Weights of between 16 and 90 kg
were used and the hei-ht was varied from 0.5 - 4 m. The cine-
camera was placed horizontally and expos=es ifere made through a
0
mirror inclined at an angle of 45 , Vic specimen was illuminated
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Investigation of .... E091/E335
in the incision by two powerful illuminators, one of which save
out a coloured beam across a recess in the striker. The instant
of impact was registered on the film when the falling load made
contact with the striker, by flashing an impulse bulb, which made
a dark background on the frame. Destruction was spread over
2 - 64 frames, depending on the speed of the latter and the
conditions of mechanical testing. Specimens of the steel
35)(t'2 (35KhG2) with round incisions were studied. The following
factors were considered: 1) influence of the weight of the
load; 2) influence of preliminary deformation and 3) influence
of temperature on the kinetics of the process of destruction.
It was found that the rate of crack propagation varied greatly,
reaching 1 500 m/sec. Crack-propagation was intermittent, with
stops in between. Destruction is preceded by tenporary retard-
ation during which plastic deformation of the specimen takes
place. The students 1. Voronov, V. Gurariy and A. Savellyem
participated in the work. Acknowledgments are expressed to Professor
Yu.V. Grdine for his interest in the work,
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Investigation of E091/E335
There are 5 figures, 1 table and 23 references; 12 Soviet-bloc
(one a Russian translation of a non-Soviet publication) and
11 non-Soviet-bloc. The four latest English-language
references mentioned are: Ref. 2: D.G. Christie - Trans. SOC.
Glass Techn., 1952, 36; Ref. 3: H.E. Edgerston, F.E. Barstow -
Amer.Ceram. Soc., 1941, 24, no. 7, 131; Ref. 8, A.M. Breche,
C.J. White - J. Appl. Phys., 1959, 27, no. 9, 980; Ref. 9:
T. Sakurai -J.Industr. Explos.Soc., Japan, 1958, 19, no. 3, 181,
ASSOCIATION: Sibirskiy metallurgicheskiy institut
(Siberian Metallurgical Institute)
SUBMITTED- January 9, 1961
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S/139/62/ooo/001/030/032
19 E073/E535
Finkel', v.,,q. and Kutkin,
A.
AUTMIIS:
Studv of the kinetics Of tho growth of cracks
in
TITI,r:
glass
Fitika,
PERIODICAL:
IzvestiYa vYsshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy,
no.1, 196'.3, 1.73-174
A number Of authors have
found
increase of a brittle that the speed of
crack may reach 0.6time's the speed of
transverse waves. In this paper the results are given of
investigations of the process of brittle
fracture taking place
at relatively low speeds. Th er e s u I t swere obtained an
18 x 24 inm plates of photographic glass, in the centre of which
a 30 to 90 mm crack was produced artificially. The process was
photographed by means of a high-speed cine-camera at a rate of
3500-4800 frames/sec. Depending on the type of impact
the propagating crack could be seen on 7 to 600 frames. Three
series of tests were made, in one the speed of fall of the load..
remained constant at 0.9 m/sec and the load was varied, in the"
second the kinetic energy of the falling loads was maintained
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Study of the kinetics of the S/139/62/000/001/030/032
E073/E935

constant, in the third the quantity of motion remained constant.
In the first series the most characteristic feature was the
2
~a~t'i:o-n of the crack at the minimum stress of 0.3 kg/mm ; it was
nonuniform and jump-like and varied between 0 and 250 m/sec.
The highest recorded speed, at 10 kg/MM2, exceeded 300 m/sec,
which is five to six times slower than speed values published by
other authors. Of great interest is the fact that whilst in
thin glass the speed of crack propagation was small, in thick
(5 to 8 mm) glass, the crack propagation was much faster (reachin g'.:--t-' z.
800 to 1000 III/Sec). The second and third series of tests
confirmed relations revealed in the first series of tests.
During these, the highest recorded speeds of crack propagation
were 240
270 and 300 m/sec, respectively. Of great interest
,
is the ability of the cracks to stop growing for a long time
and then suddenly to grow again. Usually, if the loads are
large enough, the crack propa ation stopped for durations of
5
sec, whilst short duration
the order of 0.2 to 0.4 x 10-
stoppages in crack propagation can be attributed also to factors
'
other than nonuniformity of the material (for instance, J
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Study of the kinetics of the ... )52
E073/E535
interference of elastic waves), long duration stoppages can be-
a t t ribti ted exclusively to nomin-Alformities in the glass.
AS!;OCIATION: Sibirsiciy metallurgicheski.y institut imeni
V,
S. Ordzhonikidze
(Siberian Metallurgical Institute imeni
S. Ordzhonikidze)
SUBMITTED% October 19, 1960 (initially)
May 16, ig6i (after revision)
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S/148/62/000/002/oo6/oo8
E039/E435
AUTHOR: Finkel V.M.
TITLE: On the question of dynamic fracture
a i.
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchobnykh zavedeniy.
Chernaya metallurgiya, no.2, 1962, 111-117
TEXT: The static examiLtion of cracks has been studied in a
number of papers, neglecting kinetic processes. There are
important dynamic processes associated with rapidly developing
cracks and in this paper the dynamic aspects of brittle fracture
are studied. The autocatalytic nature of brittle fracture is
considered first and the characteristics associated with cold
brittleness are enumerated. In particular the following:
the.low speed of initial formation of cracks; the large speed7of
expansion of cracks at certain stages reaching 2100 m/sec in'glass
and about 1000 m/sec in metals; the effect of dimensions.
As a crack develops the cross-section of material is reduced';
hence the strain at the apex of the crack is increased and the
following relation exists:
02
L3 >
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On the question of dynamic fracture ... E039/E435
where a - strain; E - modulus of elasticity; length of
crack and a - coefficient of surface tension. In addition, the
rate of release of elastic energy exceeds the rate of absorption
of energy, i.e. dU/dL > dW/dt,. The initial formation of cracks
is considered for the cases of the open crack, the internal crack
and multiple internal cracks in polycrystals. In addition, the
way in which the development of cracks is associated with the mode
of propagation of Rayleigh waves is discussed. It is shown that
such waves propagate in the (100) plane of cubic crystals. The.
relevant equations are derived'and calculations based on these
equations are carried out for a series of metallic and non-metallic
single crystals. It is predicted-that the materials which have
surfaces along which Rayleigh waves can propagate are brittle.
For example, tungsten, NaCl, KBr and KCI which we know to be
brittle; while materials in which Rayleigh waves cannot
propagate such as Ni, Al, Cu, Pb, As, Au, K, V and Li are tough.
These considerations are strictly true only for the ideal single
crystal. In practice, the following points must be considered:
the effect of random orientation of the grains in polycrystals;
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On the quest ion of dynamic fracture E039/E435
anisotropy of the modulus of elasticity; the influence of plastics
deformation. Different types of surface waves are discussed'and'~
their propagation along different crystal planes. Finally, the
possible form of a.chain process in the development-of cracks is
discussed in detail. There are 2 figures and 1 table.
-ASSOCIATION: Sibirskiy metallurgicheskiy institut
(Siberian Metallurgical Institute)
SUBMITTED: May 8., 1961
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-_RRwAa Z"
C-0
401
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AUTHORSt
TITLE:
PERICDICAL:
38900
S/181/62/004/006/003/051
B108/B104
Finkel', V. 14., and Kutkin, I. A.
Growth of cracks in glass under dynamic load
Fizika tverdogo telaq v. 4, no. 6, 1562, 1412-1418
TEXT: The development of cracks in glass due to impact and explosion was
studied. Bending stress was applied to the specimens, after which a charge
was detonated in the middle of one of their surfaces. The development of
the cracks was high-speed-filmed (4,500-240,000 pictures per second).
The maximum speed of crack propagation (up to 31300 m/sec) rises with the
load applied to the specimen but becomes constant when the loading exceeds
2
1.5 kg/mm . The propagation of the cracks is not steady but by sudden
jiimps. Some degree of reversibility was observed in the cracks under
static and dynamic deformation, this being due to the opening and closing
of the surface of "leader" cracks. A delay in the rupture of the
specimens was detected varying between 0 and 360*lo-5 see and dependent on
Whether incipient cracks were present or not. There are 5 figures and
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Growth of cracks in glass under ... BIOB/B104
I table.
ASSOCIATIONt Sibirskiy metallurgicheskiy institut im. S. Ordzhonikidze,
Novokuznetsk (Siberian Metallurgical Institute imeni
S. Ordzhonikidze, Novokuznetsk)
SUBMITTEDs August 6, 1961 (initially)
November 28, 1961 (after revision)
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s/i26/62/013/001/010/018
E091/E580
AUTHORS: Finkel I. X,.IL an(I Kutkin, I. A.
111,111,G: Propagation of cracks in carbon steels
PjAU0DTC%1,: Fizika motallov i metallovedeniye, V.1-, Tio.1, 1.962,
TUXT: In the authors' previous paper, the growth of cracks
during the dynamic bending of steel 3,)kra (37)KhG2) wns studied
by high-speed cinemntography. In the present paper, the kinetics-
of the destruction of a number of carbon steels is discussed, For
the quantitative analysis of the plastic deformation assnciated m
W-ith crack growth, thin strips of paper were stuck on to normal
specimens, parallel to the end face, at intervals of 110 nim, mid
the angle of bend of each cross-soction was itteasured on the film
frames from these marks, using a measuring microscope with an
accura-cy of 201. In order to increase the photogeneity of' the
cracks, the base of the notch was treated %Ath 40%, 11NO Oil low
carbon steels of low etchability carbon black was applied with a
spirit lamp. The steels GT.3 (ST-3), CT.25 (s,r.25), (;-1, 35 (ST.35)1
C 1-50 (ST.50), CT-65rl (ST.65G) and CT.Y-VA (STIJ-8A) were tested.
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With various notch shapes. For studying crack growth forivarious
stress systems, the notch shape was ried from round to sharp
triangular, except for steels St.3 and St.25 which dLd not fail
with round notches, and were, therefore, tested only wit.1i
triangular ones. The tests were carried out at root-.1 temperature,
by dropping fx load of 25 kg froizi a height of 2 m. nie working
section of all specimens, independent of notcli shape. was 2.11 4
2.5 min. I t wi%'s found that on impact banding of notelied T)L,aLes,
plastic deformation is propagated in the form of waves at a spend
depending on the degree of deformation from 20 m/sec to 2 kfa/sec
and above. A retnrdation of pla.'4tic deformation of 20 - 1-00.10 'SCC
was observed, depending on the type of steel. In all sLeels
investigated, retardation of fnilure takes p1ace. The latter
sometimes attains 38o.lo-5 sac, and decreases wiLli increasint;
notch sharpness. There nre 6 figures nnd 2 table3.
ASSOCIATION:
SUBMITTM
Card 2/2
Sibirskiy metalltirgicheskiv institut
(Siberian Metallurgical Institute i.111011i
S. Ordzhonikidze)
January 16, 1961 (ini. tially)
blarch 27, .196! (after re-vision)

S/126/62/013/002/010/019
E021/E480
AUTHORS: Finkelf, V.M., Zraychenko, V.A., Maslovskaya, Z.A.j
Bykov,-S.B.
TITLE: The mechanism of crack propagation in steel
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, V-13, no.2, 1962,
263-267
TEXT: The propagation of cracks was investigated on a standard
micro-apparatus supplied with a device for deforming the samples-.
The samples had a double-sided groove of 2.5 to 3 mm'depth and
50 to 700 angle. A transformer steel and steel CT3 (St 3) were-
used. The root of one of the grooves was observed; cracks were,
produced under conditions of constant loading and the process-was
recorded on a cine-film. The time to fracture varied within
wide limits (seconds to hours) depending on the value of the
superimposed stresses and the orientation of the grains in the
region of the crack. The speed of-the cine-camera was therefore-
varied from 150 sec per frame to 60- 70 frames per sec. Results
showed that the crack originates from a highly localized plastic
deformation zone, extending in the case 6f the transformer steel to_
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RN,
WIM

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The mechanism of crack E021/E480
a depth of 1 to 3 grains. Transcrystalline propagation occurs.by-
the projection of a.."fan" of-slip bands. These join in the
deformation zones with subsequent growth of cracks. The possible-
nucleation of cracks in the regions of defects, not rare, in
transformer steels, must also be considered'. These regions -i-rera,
observed as bends in the groups of slip planes. The plastically
deformed zone is the direct source of microcracks. In addition,
it activates the formation of fracture nuclei in front of the.
fracture in regions where slip planes are still not observed.
During this process the grain, in which deformation and fracture
are taking place, is bordered by extremely fine boundaries. The
appearance of boundaries is very marked in the latter phases of
separation of the metal. The grains, as it were,, are formed
into "globules". This is evidence-of the part played by grain
boundary flow anct slip in the process of fracture:. There are-,
4
ASSOCIATION: Sibirskiy metallurgicheskiy institut
(Siberian Metallurgical Institute)
SUBMITTED: January 11, 1961
Card 2/2

FINKEL', V.M.; BEREZOVSKIY., V.N.
Investigating the substructure of electrical steel In connection
with elastic deformation. Fiz. met. I metalloved. 13 no.2:
268-274 F 162. (MIRA 15:3)
1. Sibirskiy metallurgicheskiy institut im. S.Ordzhonikidse.
.(Steel--Matallography)
(Deformations (Mechanics))

S/126/62/013/005/010/031
E091/E435
AUTHORS: Finkel', V.M., Savellyev, A.M.
TITLE: Study of the influence of crack propagation on the
structure of fractures in transformer steel
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, v-13, no-5, 1962,
710-717-
TEXT: This paper was presented at the 7th All-Union
Scientific-Technological Congress on the Application of X-rays
to the investigation of materials (June 19-25, 1961). -
High speed cine-exposure and X-ray structural analysis were used
for studying respectively the rate of crack propagation and the
degree of deformation of the fracture surface of coarse-grained
transformer steel. Specimens of the following dimensions were
cut from transformer steel sheet of 10 mm thickness:
280 x 100 x10 mm. Notches of triangular and round cross
section were cut along the plates. To obtain a coarse grain
size (1 to 3 nuu) the plates were annealed at 11000C for 12 hours.
Fracturing and taking of cine-exposures of the specimens was
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Study of the influence E091/E435
by a method.described by V.M.Finkell and I.O.Kutkin
(F~NDI, v.12, no.5, 1961). The specimen was placed.with the
notch uppermost on a knife-edge and fractured by a falling
11-shaped hammer. The movement of the crack alcng the base of the'
notch was filmed at up to 4800 frames/sec. The moment of impact
was registered,by the flash of a flash bulb. To estimate the
deformation along the specimen due to bending,-graduation lines
were markedion or thin strips of paper glued to the specimen.
In order to increase the photogeneity of the crack, the notch
surface was dusted with soot. The filming was carried out via
a mirror placed at an angle above the specimen. The surfaces of
the fractures wero investigated by X-ray diffraction at points:
corresponding to various rates of crack propagation, using a
variation of a previously described method by V.M.Finkell and
V.N.Berezovskiy. It was found that plastic deformation in the
fracture surface decreases with increasing speed of crack F
propagation. The kinetics of failure cant be affected by plaitic
deformation preceding or accompanying crack-propagation or
plastic deformation of the opened up crack surfaceso Preceding
C.Ziid 4/3

Study of the influence ...
S/126/62/013/005/010/031
E091/E435
and accompanying deformation predominate: the first determines
the tendency to form cracks, the second determines the propagation
characteristics. Accompanying deformation predominates in brittle
fracture, preceding deformation in ductile fracture. The
locality of accompanying deformation and its degree, compared to
that of preceding deformation, must increase with'increase in the
rate of crack propagation. The third type of deformation,.that
of the crack surfaces, can take place either due to mechanical
bending during opening of the crack, or in connection with the-
movement along the crack surface of relief impulses.' In the
latter instance it must increase with increase in crack
propagation. There are 4 figures.
ASSOCIATION: Sibi.rskiy metallurgicheskiy institut
(Siberian Metallurgical Institute)
SUBMITTED: August l,'1961
Card 3/3

1106 7t
AUT! IC113: Finicall , V.11. u-.id IkWthin, I.A.
TITLE: Study of t'i a 1inotics of fracture of hi--h-carbon
L3tccls 'ill tonsion
PE61IO~jl(;AL: Fizil-m motallov i motallovedoniye, v. Ili, no. 21,
1-;;62, 259 - 266
TEXT: The object of the prdsont 'ilivcsti~;atioli 1.1,13 to
ho-.-., fast was the rite of propasation of crackc ill
steels under a tensile stross. The- .-ro.-!: -..~as
conduct cc' on hi-h-cnrbon st eels U.-~;K 15 01-11.'11-115) and 657. (65G-)
in bot:, tile hardoned and norinalized condition. * Ten*i1e loadri of
u.n to 7- wore applied to thin, flat test. pieces aud tjio
crach vta.~; initiated, in each a--:poriment, by detonatin_- t1lic c::plo-
sive cli,-.r-c attached at the ed-e and in the contra of tic -.-ausc
lon,gth ol' the tost )icco.. The detonator was synchronizo,' wit'll
an il3jiminatirg system and a high-spood cine-ca..-Icra capable of
oporatin_ at s poods of 120 000 to 240 000 frames/soc. Typical
rosi"ilts obtained on quenched specimens of steel S11KI1115 are
Card 1/5

3/126/62/o1Vcc2/o1o/oi(')'
Study of tile hincties of E 19 3 / E3 8 3
reproduced in Fic. 11, -.dicre tile lanZth of the crach (L, mm) i:j
plotted aZainst time (t x 10 6 see), curves 1-5 rela'in-- to
6 :f C,
s,-)eci;-.icn.-:; fractured under the applied stresses of 66,
n ~ , ~")A'
18.7 and 13.2 1cg/i-.im It will be seen that tile rate o--F' prop.-Li-
sation of cracks increased with ilicroasiiiZ maLmitudc* of tile
applied stress, the ma,-:Lmum value observed beinZ nbout
3 000 m/sec. It ums found, lio-..Cvc--, that evell Ilm"ex-
c onditions the process of fracturc retained its interniictent
(steplil:c) character. Each s'La,-,Ic of the propasation. of crz-.k-*,S
in the quenched stool v.,as orecedod by a period during; vr,'aich ;.-c--
distribution of stresses and the concentration at the root ~t.'
the crach took place. Thare are 6 figures.
ASSOCIATION: Sibirs!Uy motallurgicheskiy institut in.
S. Ordzhonixidze (Siberian Metallur-ical
ci
Institute im. S. OrdzhonilUdze)
SUBMITTED: Soptember 27, 1961
i
1
1V
Card .2/3

tu Ll:r t 1-1 c it n ct i C S 0 f
s 0
s/126/62/014/002/010/013
El 9 3 E3 8 3
Im m% 2
70
60
2
0
SO
YO 0 P/q? AL/fIf
j0
00
/0 ~Zzojjoo 70
So t-loo'ce'r
Card

S/126/62/014/005/010/015
EIII/E435
AUTHORS: Finkel', Kutkin, I.A.
TITLE: Influence of test temperature and heat treatment on
crack growth in certain stools
PERIODICAL. Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, v.14, no.5, 1962,
775-778
TEXT: The authors',,previous work was on loss of strength of
various untreated steels notched in various ways when tested at
room temperature. 'they have considered it interesting to study
the effect of temperature and heat treatment on fracture kinetics
and primarily crack propagation. In one series of experiments
they investigated 280 x 100 x 8(10) mm metal'specimens with
arrested natural cracks and those with-artificial cracks. In the
second series high-speed photography was used on plexiglass
specimens geometrically equivalent to the metal ones. It was
found that crack growth on the notch aurrace refle-zts closely the
movement of a main crack in the core of the specimen. rhe effect
of temperature (+100 to -7090 was studied on type-30 steel:
.;with falling temperature lee's deformation is needed for a crack
:to appear and grow. Unlike the kinetics of the fracture proces Is
Card 1/2

S/126/62/014/005/010/015
Influence of test EIII/E435
itself the ductility chara.cteristics of the metal change regularly
with changing temperaturo.,,. The effect of heat treatment was
studied on tyves WX15 (SihKhl5), 65r (65'
G) and 50 Steels.
The delay to failure was found to rise considerably with rising
tempering'temperature (100,to 7000C). The speed of the plastic
wave was highest in hardened specimens and decreased with
temp.ering; tempering also a-ffected the kinetics of crack movement:
as they flew through the air the fragments of b 'oth heat treated
and untreated specimens-straightened out, performing in the process
a complicated series of osc�llations. There are 3 figures and
1 table.
ASSOCIATION; Sibirskiy metallurgicheskiy institut
(Siberian Metallurgical Institute)
SUBMITTED: December 27, 1961
Card 2/2

32817
S/020/62/142/001/014/021
B104/B102
AUTHORS: Finkel'Lv- M-1 and Kutkin, I. A.
TITLE; Destruction of high-strength hard glass
PERIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Dokladyj v. 142, no. 19 1962g 75-76
TEXT: The destruction of hard glass by a metal bar shot onto the glass
was photographed with a high-speed motion-picture camera (120,000 frames
per sea). A set of pulse tubes was the light source. The front of
destruction formed by a great number of cracks has a spherical shape around
the impact center. The distinct crack ramifications produce porous
granulation, The distances between radial cracks vary during their
development. In the first stages, these distances are equal to the cell
dimensions after destruction. The grains appearing after destruction are
formed by tangential cracks developing from the radial cracks. Most of
the grains are formed during the development of radial and tangential
cracks. k minor part of them is formed at a later stage of destruction.
The rate of propagation of the destruction front is constant and amounts
to 1700 m/sec. There are 2 figures and 6 references: 3 Soviet and 3 non-
Ca,3~d 1/2

3281?
S/020/62/142/001/014/021
Destruction of high-strength B104/B102
Soviet. The two references tc English-language publications read as
follows: D. G. Christie, Trans. Soc. Glass Techn.,.?A, no. 7, 131 1947~;
H. E. Edgerston, E. E. Barstow, J. Am. Ceram. Soc.1 24, no. 79 131 ~1941 -
ASSOCIATION: Sibirskiy metallurgicheskiy institut im. S. Ordzhonikidze
(Siberian Metallurgical Institute imeni S. Ordzhonikidze)
PRESENTED: June 17, 1961, by P. A. Rebinder, Academician
SUBMITTED: June 16, 1961
Card 2/2

S/020/62/143/001/017/030
B104/B108
AWHORS: Finkellp V. M.p and Kutkin, I. A.
TITLE: Revereibility of cracks in glass
PERIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Doklady, v. 143, no. 1, 1962, 90-91 11
TEXT: After cutting optical glass with a diamond, cracks of 20-60 mm
length were produced by slight impacts. During static bending of the glass
specimens, some of the cracks quickly became longer. After the load was i
removed, the visible cracks again assumed their original length. Traces
of the crack elongation can then no longer be observed. Similar observa-
tiorzare also made during dynamic bending of glass. The cracks do not
disappear completely, as they develop again in the same direction under
dynamic bending. These effects are explained by a'partial recovery of the
binding forces between the crack agrfaces or by distances between the crack
faces which are smaller than 5000 A- P. A. 'Rebinder (Yubileynyy sbornik, .
poavyashchennYY 30-letiyu Velikoy Oktyabrlskoy sotsialisticheskoy revolyutaii,
it Izd. AN SSSRo 19479 P- 33; Vestn. AN SSSR 10, no. 8, 9 (1940))
foniziteli tverdosti v burenii, Izdo AN BSSR k1.74
:00 4), and It V, Obreimov
Card 1/2

S/020/62/143/001/017/030
Reversibility of cracks in glass B104/BlOB
(Proc. Roy. soc., j2
I (A), 290 (1930)) are mentioned. There are 2 figures
and 10 references: 8 Soviet and 2 non-Soviet. The two references to
English-langual;e publications read as follows: A. A. Griffith, Phil. Trans.
Roy. Soc., A 221, 163, 1920; 1. V. Obreimov, Proc. Roy. Soc., 127 A, 290
(1930).
ASSOCIATION: Sibirskiy metallurgicheakiy in8titut im. S. Ordzhonikidze
(Siberian Metallurgical Institute imeni S. Ordzhonikidze
PRESMITED: June 17) 1961, by P. A. Rebinder, Academician
SUBMITTED: blay 21 , 1961
Card 2/2

~ACCESSION NR:, AR4034479 8/0 /64/000/003/9046/ZO46
;.'iSOURCE: Ref. zh. Piz.# Abs. 3E353
:';AUTHOR: Finkel', V. M.1 Kutkin, X. A.
TITLE: Propagation.of cracks in some single crystals
!,:CITED SOURCE: Dokl. VI Nauchn. konferentaii Novokuznetakogo ped. in-~
',ta po fiz.-matem. naukam. Novokuznetsk,;1963, 124-126
TOPIC TAGS: crystal failure, crack propagation, crack speed, surfacei
fault, microinterferometry, x ray study, high speed cinematography
study,.surface groove, surface jog, cleavage plane, plastic deforma-1i",
tion
TRANSLATION: High speed motion picture,x-ray, and interference
methods were used to study the dependence of plastic deformation in
the fault surface on the rate of motion of a crack in single crystals;v
1/2

ACCESSION NR: AR4034479
of NaCl, KC1, KBr, and LiF. The rate of propagation of the crack
can vary over a wide range, from 100 to 1400--1500 m/sec.~ A micro-
interferometric investigation of the fault surface has shown
the
formation of not only large grooves but of a complicated system of
jogs, and with increasing velocity the jogs increase in density and
become curved. An x-ray investigation using a two-crystal spectro-
meter shows a decrease in the disorientation and a decrease in the
plastic deformation with increasing crack speed. The relief of the
damage surface is due, in the author's opinion, to the transition
of the crack from one cleavage plane to others at increasing fault
rates, or to the presence of surface waves. S. Shil'shteyn.
DATE ACQ: 10APr64 SUB CODE: PH ENCL: 00

ACIESS101' NRt AR4036260 8/0231/64/000/003/1036A038
SOURCES Referativu."r shumal, MetallurgiPs Abs, 31227.
AUTHORS Finkel'# Vo Me) Kutkins Io A*
TITLE i Simultaneous growth and broaching of "M cracks in glases sta2inits, MA
hardened steel
CITED SOURCES Dokl. VI Nauchn. konferentaii, Novokusnetakogo ped. in-ta p0 fjA#m
matem* naukame Novokuanstaks, .1963p 3ZI-328
TOPIC TAGSs
Glass cracking.9 atalinite cracking, hardened steel cracking, arack I
proPagations cracking velocity
TRANSTATICNI Photographic glass was crushed by the impact of a falling load via &
hamer block; the movement of several cracks arising sinultaneously was studied by
means of an SKS-1 motion picture camera at fi3n spoedo of 4500-48W =/sea* The
time of the failure 2ag was fo%md to be 300 x 10" mace It ia alwacteristio tMt
the cracks proMatod In a discontinuous mannerp and Va velocity changed frou 0 to
1Cqrd

ACCESSION NRi AR4036260
600-700 m/sec; the velocity change f6r most of the cracks of the btindle occurred
simultaneouBlyo When photographic glass previously loaded statically in accordanoe
with the pure-bend mode was crushed by the burst of an electric detonator via a
steel rod., the simultaneous generation of many cracks was observed either ivmdia-
tely under the hamer block or at the edge of the glassy as a result of the refloon
Ition of the pressure impulse with a changed signs The filming was done with an
ISFR-1 camera at a speed if 120j,000 frames per seee, The velocities of the cracks
were different and could differ by as much as one order of magnitude in adjacent I
istent ch.anges in velocity were noted for all the cracks
cracks* Nevertheless) cons
In hardened samples of 8!UV steel subjected to rupture with a tasters the cracio
were IhItUtod by an explosion And recorded wlth the IT9.4 camera at a eyead of
240j,000 frames per see* Usually., two cracks emerged from the break zones one of
which outstripped the other& Their velocity ~varied between 0 and 2600 in/sees Dur-
ing the first stages of motion of the cracks.. there in observed a coordination of
the velocities of their propagation which disaMars at later stages* A fast pro-
pagation of the cracks with velocities of 3000 Waso is then observed# Howeverp
periods of elm growth of the craT (100-300 0/600) and somtiaes a complete oes-
Sation of motion 1"ting up to Ur see are not excludedo The observed synobrooM
2/3

91
............
ACCLSSION NRI Ato3626o
-velocity change is attributed to the dynamic nature of the.loadinge The pulsed
:,application of the load creates in the m-ushed material an elastic wave which pro-
1pagates throughout the entire volume of the solid and which is capable of affecting
4~rww cracks simultaneously to a caqwable degree# giving them an additional vels-
city or slowing them down4 In the case of a quasi-stationary procesup however,
when the velocity of the crack is cmaiderably smaller than that of the *e3mtic
waves2 the fracture is selective and becomes localized on the most active cracks
A study of the kinetics of fracture of sta2lzdto revealed the ability of awt, of
the cracks to branch simultaneouslyl the major part played in the development of
the branching process br the Internal strain of UP body being crunhed Is noted*
LO Gordlyankoo
DAT& AcQ3 i7AP,,64 so am HL. SHOU 00
L-3
Card'
"" IMF
PE
R, R

EWP( )/ti
r P(q)/EWT(m)/BDS AF-FT'0/ASD 3141JD
ACCMSION NRt AP3002900- S/0248/63/000/006/0230/0137
AUTHOR: Finkel$# V# M
P. Savel'yov, A. M.
yj Kratenok
TITIE: X-ray and frdotographio studios or steel. fracture
.5 7-
:
SOMCE: IVUZ. 'Chornaya metallur lyis' -no.,69 M3p 130-137
TOPIC TAM steel fracture interference fractographyl X-rayss microbeam,, trans-~-
former steel, impact totighness..Interforence-pattern, Interference microscope
ABSTRAM Authors-studle4ithe ateel-fr-otur
a e under various test temperaturea-by
interference fractogEntzl&d X-rays in a flat, widely-converged microbeame' Tr
former steel (4% Si),was used for the test. The steel was annealed at 13000
for
12 hours. This increased the grain size from 0.5 to 1 mm. The samples were frac.-
t4ed on an impact tooter In a temperature interval from +20 to -1200. This
showed that, with a reduction in temperature, the impact toughness decreased from
1 kgm/square'.cm at 00 to 0.1 - 0.2 Wiquare cm at -1800. Interference patterns
OfAhe sampUs.which were fractured at various temperatures differed from each
other. X-ray pictures show a reduction in plastic deformation with a drop in tem-
perature. The surface of the fracture was studied by an MI-1 interference micro-
scope. At elevated toot temperatures, the surface of the spallation fragment is
Card 1/2

CCESSION MR.- AR4042234 S/0124/64/000/006/VO71/VO71
SOURCE: flef. zh. Mekhanika, Abe. 6V599
AUTHOR: Finkel', V. M.; Berezoveldy, V. N.
TITLE: X-ray investigation of structure of transformer iron under elastic
load and in process of relaxation of stresses
CITED SOURCE: Bb. Relaksats. yavleniya v met. i splavakh. M.,
Metallurgizdat, 1963, 303-308
TOPIC TAGS: steel, transformer steel, x-ray investigation, elastic load,
stress relaxation
TRANSLATION: Investigates change of transformer steel substructure,
subjected to elastic and plastic flow, and also prolonged macroelastic load,
All forms of load and deformation of samples are conducted directly in an
X-ray chamber. There is used the method of a wide convergent micro.
ibu
1/3
67rd

CCESSION NH; AR4042234
bundle; investigates reflectionsfrom planes (310) in CoK%t- radiation. There are"
determined disorientation and degree of perfection fragments in the grain, and,
also the quantity of reflexes on the X-ray photograph. In the macroelastic
region load there is observed mutual turn of fragments in one crystallite, a
mutual turn of grains and change of range orientations in radial and azimuthal.
directions. In region of low plasticity substructural changes, observed under!
macroelastic load, with transition beyond the limits of elasticity (-30 kg1mm)
are developed In the direction of decrease of perfection of crystanites. After,'.
small plastic flow there is observed reversibility in change of dimensions and;'
form of reflexes. Prolonged load (1000 - 16000 hre) in macroelastic region
Ileads to decrease quantity of reflexes on X-ray photograph; disappearance of
I certain. reflexes is partially compensated by appearance of new ones. During
ly,
,prolonged load beyond the limits of elasticity there is observed qualitative
ithe same phenomenon. intensely occurring basically only at the initial paoment':
of load. Concludes that structural changes in steel both during elastic and
Jow plastic flow, and also under constant load in time have a more or less
Lco on character and are the result of consecutive episodical processes of
re,=tion of stresses in microvolumes. Bibliography-. 6 references.
~Card ~ 213

IACCESSION NIR: AR4042234-
ISUB CODE: MM, OP, ENCL: 00

FINK,EL", V.M.; KUTKIN, I.A.; SAVELIYEV, A.M.; ZRAYCHENKO, V.A.; ZUYEV, L.B.;
--- XOSITSINA, V.K.
Kinetics of the propagation of cracks in bismuth single crystals.
Kristalografiia 8 no-5t752-757 S-0 163. 1 (min 16:1o)
1. Sibirskiy metallurgicheskiy institut im. S.Ordahonikidze.

Ti-
L~,-AMC A
0764.
.-ACCESSION NRi' :AP3001102:*, 0/012.6/fi/015/005/0754/
-AU`M6RS-.'--,Zinkel1_'._ kth "J"I"A" Deloiuko- V.' I,
Kut
5Y
TITMv Branching of Cracks. JA steeL
15, no. 5, 196% 754-764
SOURCE: Mika metallov-l.metiklloviedemiye,.v.
in steel eraok~branc
TOPIC TAGS: crack, hing.
ABSTRAM, The formation of crack bianchiaS to steel has been phatographed,by A r
It
motion picture camera in order to study kinetics of the process and to investi i
if 4
microscopically.the progreAs of cra4ing in the shrinkage zone. oil-hardened i. ~!.;, I. ,
samples of' steels.5hKh-15(Jftd 85KhV(Wre used and a great variety in branching
types was observed (see encloi_u_re-).1*" The"messuriements of crack progress showed'.
ormation does not necessarily produce branch
that high velocity of crack f ing, It T
is-assumed that the mechanism of branching Le.based on the magnitude and distri-I
bution of residual stresses in the adjacent regions. Tensile forces acting toward
the crack from the internal'streas field break the advance of the crack, tending
to change its trajectory (determined by external tension and sample configurationl'-L',
q3

L 1
ACCESSION NR. AP3001702

Certain portim of steel at the-crack front yield under'the action of. thes6 tam,:
ternil forces, and branching-resuits art. has: 7 figures

ASSOCIATION: Sibbskiy metalluritcheekLy Institut (Siberian Metallurgical J,
ute
Instit

SUBM DATE ACQ-. llJul63 ENCL: 61
ITTED: 26jul~62

SUB CODE., ML NO REP SOV: 003 OTHER: *6j..1'--"r'

j~'
4

FINKEL'. V.M.; SAVELOYEV., A.M.; KUTKIN, I.A.; KUROCHKIN, A.F,
Investigating the oharaoteriatios of failure In transformer
steel. Fiz..mat. i metalloved. 15 no*5t781-7% My 163.
(MIRA 1W)
1. Sibirskiy metallargicheskiy institut im. Ordzhonikidze,
Novokuznetsk.
(Steel-MstaUography)
(Dislocations in metals)
X

JINKEL'. V.M,; ZRAYCHENKO,, V.A.; DEYASHKINA, T.K.
Investigating crack growkb in transformer and certain carbon
steels. Fiz. met. i metalloved. 16 no.3:448--456 3 163.
(MIRA 16:11)
1. Sibirskiy metallurgicheskiy institut imeni S.Crdzhonikidze.

~L1l3ljl7-63 BDS
S/032/63/029/005/013/022
AUTHORS: Finkel', V. M. Kutkin, I.
and Krotenoko-P. I.
TITLE: -On theIkinetics of shock testing of metals using high-speed
motion pictures
PERIODICAL:~ Zavodskaya laboratoriya, V. 29, no. 5, 1963, 593-595
TEXT: ~Destruction by shock created by.explosion of an electric detonator
was recorded. at rates of 60,000 and 1200000 frames/second. Upon contact of the
hammer the object at once begins,,to,buckle; no traces of fracture are observed;
presumably plastic deformationis spreadiug during this lag period. Then a
bright bond appears, indicating localized deformation; the fissure is propagated
on this band simultaneously with-the propagation of the band itself and at about
the same rate. Two types of plastic deformation were established; very intense
in the localized zone and much less Intense elsewhere. Existing limitations,
,which can be eliminatedi prevent determination of impact ductility by this method
as described; it does have the value of introducing new characteristics of
strength: lag of failure, velocity of the plastic wave and rate of propagation
of the fissure. There are three figurea.
ASSOCIATION: Sibirskiy metallurgicheakiy institut im. S. Ordzhonikidze
Card 1/1 jai _(Siberian Metalji!Egical Institute Imeni S. Ordzhonikidze)

FINKEL', V.M.; KUTKIN, I.A..
Methods of rapid motion-picture investigation of the growth of
cracks in some materials. Zav. lab. 29 no.9:1113-1118 163.
(MIRA 17:1)
1. Sibirskiy metallurgicheskiy institut, imeni, S. brdzhonikidze.

FINKEL'S V.M.; XUTKIN, I.A.
Using the method of high-speed motion-picture photography in
stu4ing the growth of cracks in solids. Usp.nauch.fot.
9:231-235 164. (MIRA 18:11)

FINKEL', V.M.; KUTKIN, I.A.
Props7gation of cracks in certain single srystals.
Kristallograftia 9 no.2:314-319 Mr-Ap'64. 0AIRA 17:5)
1. Sibirskiy metallurgicheskiy institut imeni Ordzhonikidze.

FINKEL11 V.M.; ZRAYCHENKO, V.A.; MASLOVSKAYAp Z.A*
Dislocation mechanism of ductile failure of simple crystals of
transformer steel. Fiz.met. i metalloved. 18 no.5:798-809 N
164o (MIRA 18:4)
1. Sibirs1ii metallurgicheskiy inatitut im. S.Ordzhonikidze.

~,WP(b)/_MVA(c) IJP(c) ..._JD/J11/GG
L 1307-6
6 EwT(I)/Ewr(my/Ewp(w)/P.PF(c)/r/Ewp(t),
ACCESSION NR: AP5012550 UR/o3Bi/65/OOT/OO5/14o2/1432
AUTHOR:* Finkel Savellyev,,. As M.; Zuyevj L. B.; Sereb akov, S. V,_;
Korobovo M. ~V~a L_ B.
erac Jon of a crack with dislocation boundaries
TITLE: Tn
SOURCE: Fizika, tverdogo tela, v. T, no. 5j, 3,96~; i4o2-14:L2
TOPIC TAGS: crack propMationj crystal lattice energy) lithium fluoride crystal
imperfectIgn
-o,
ABSTRACT: This research was motivated by the lack of published data on the kinetics
Iof interaction between a fast crack and boundaries or subboundaries having differ-
ent energy levels, or data on the influence of the speed of the crack on the process
Iof overcoming such barriers. There is, likewise no information on the time necessary
for the crack to break through a subboundary. The authors therefore investigated
by polarization- optical and cinematrographic methods the breakthrough of slow and
fast cracks through screw and inclined subboundaries with different orientations.
The investigations were carried out on rock-salt and lithium-fluoride crystals.
Samples measuring 0-3 x 0.6 x 2 cm with initial crack 5-7 mm long were tested with'
and without annealing. The time intervals necessary for the crack to overcome the :i
boundary and the energy involved in this process were determined experimentally and!--
Car4 I

L 1307-66
ACCESSION NR: AP5012550
calculated theoretically.- The motion of a crack was measured bath in air and in an'%
etching solution. Fast. crack motion was recorded by two means, photoelectrically 1
and by high speed photograpby. The methods are briefly described. Crack propaga-
tion is stopped by.. the subboundary for a time ranging from 65 X 10-3 sec to as much'
as 500 x 10-1 sec, depending on.the angle and other factors. In the case of screw
-8 see. The relation between
boundaries the stopping time did not exceed 16 x 10
the time necessary to break through a subboundary and the energy involved is illus-1
trated in Fig. 1 of the Enclosurep where the continuous curve is the result' of the-.1
oretical calculations and the horizontal lines are experimental values. The.re-
sults confirmed the theoretical deduction that much more effort is necessary to
push a crack in the etching solution than in air. Orig. aft. has: 9 figures and
T formulas.
ASSOCIATION: Sibirskiy metallurgicheshy institut im, Sergo Orzhonikidzep Novo
kuznetsk (Siberian Metallurgical-Institute)
yy
SUBMITTED: OlDec64 ENCL: 01 SUB CODE: SS
NR Ra savi oo4
OTM OOT
I cam 2/3

1307-66
-'AdCESSION NR.I-- 056'iMo ----ENCIU)SURE: X---j
r
220-
3'
-,t Fig. 1. Graphic interpretation of time necessary
4' -bounda
for a crack to break through a sub
rY
Ilia 3 1 - 5 -- Total energy of torsion boundaries
with disorientation angles 2'0, 30, 50, 6030', and
90
2l
100- 2
Dependence of the elastic energy of cleaved halves
ofa crystals represented in the form of a curvel'
SO crossing the horizontal levels.
too 200 jW
V3
1jCCrA

V.A.; I.A.; BELOMIKOV, V.F.
Some peculiarities of crack branching in steel. izv. v.1s. ucheb.
zav.; chern. met. 8 no.2:106-110 165.
(MIRA 18:2)
1. Sibirskiy metallurgicheskiy institut.

L-22140-66
i,,,: N77-TIP6012657 SOURCE CODE: uR/oo2o76-5/166;165-2-lo--3*~-~-/0.3-1
AU,Li-l'OR: Finkel', V. M.; Zraychenko, V.- A.; Voronov,, I. N.
Siberian Metallurgical Institute im. S. Ordzhonikidze (Sibirskiy metallurgiches
nsL-- TU7
T-T-TE: '-~,lastic twinning of ferrosilicon
SO
Uh'CE: AIN SSSR. Dokladyp ve 160, no. 2, 1965, 329-331
TOPIC TAGS: silicon alloy, iron, plastic deformation, twinning, dynamic stress,
metallography, high speed photography, photo aphic equipment
ABSTRiXT: Elastic ming of silicon iro dynamic loading is reported here.
T
,he metallographic tructure and the hi speed photographic equipment are described.
tturr
Elastic twinning o urs in many metals, but in order to observe it, it is necessary
that th,3 loading period be smaller than the' period for setting of pla5tic deformation
This paper was presented by Academician P. A. Rebinder on 16 July 1964- Orig. art.
1 has* 3 figures. [JPRS1
SUB CODE: 20j, llo 14 SUBM DATE: l4jul64 ORIG RE"': Oll
Card 1/1

V.M.,- BEREZOVSKIY, V.N.
Rovement of dislocations under the effect of the m&crcelastic
loading of si3icpn iron., FIz. met. i metalloved. 20 no.4:597-.
602 0 165. (141RA 18:11)
1. Siblrakiy metallurgicbeskiy institut imeni S,CrOmhonikifte.
-1g
gg
PIR

L 0024-67 DIT(MVENTM/EWPWATI JD
AUTHOR: Finkel', V. Me
SOURCE CODE:
ORG: Siberian Metallurgical Institute, Novokuznetsk (S1bIrBk1y metallurgicheskly Inoutut)
TITLEt The autocatalytic nature of brittle fracture
SOURCE: Fiziko-khimicheakaya mekhanika materialov, v. 2, no. 4, 1966, 388-393
TOPIC TAGS: brittleness, brittle fracture, crack propagation, material fracture, me-
chanioal fraotuxv
ABSTRACT: A theory of brittle cracking is based on the model of chemical autocatalysis and
chain branching. The destruction of brittle solids is accompanied by plastic deformation and
related chain termination. Deterioration of the field of stress In the fracture route proceeds
by a branching mechanism with Interacting chains. Physical branching of fractures to ex-
plained by impulses generated by chain deterioration of the elastic field, advancing by curved
trajectories and applying lateral impact upon the cracks. ~rhe lower threshold of branching,
Cord 1/2

MA. MK3 Ak'UWAVt17V
0. 64 Vt, and the specific veEalty of crack generation, 0. 64 VL. are shown to have the ap-
proximate velocity of Rayleigh waves, Vt or VL being the velocity of the elastic Impulse.
The author to sincerely grateful to Yu. N. Rabotnov and V. YR. Davydovskiy for a discussion
of the work and valuable advice. Orig. art. has: 14 formulas and 4 figures.
SUB CODE: 11/ SUBM DATE: 23Apr65/ ORIG REF: 008/ OTH REF-. 015
kh

FINKELIP V'.M., kand.fiz.-matem.nauk; NUTKIN, I.A., inzh.; ZUYFVp L.B.t inzh.
Grouth-and branching of cracks in glass. Stek. i ker. 23 no.lt
18-23 Ja 166. (MIRA 191l)
1. Sibirskiy metallurgicheakly institut.

JD
L 36399-7V-) t-Y" k-Wr-f" X
ACC N% AP6018760 SOURCE CODE: UR/0070/66/011/003/0472/0474
AUT'HOR: Finkel', V. M.; Serebryakov, S. Vo; Lukin, .Vs Po
ORG: Department of Physics, Siberian Metallurgical Institute (Kafedra fiziki,
Sibirskiy metallurgicheskiy institut)
TITLE: The possibility of the existence of Rayleigh waves in cubic single crystals.
SOURCE.- Kristallografiya, v. 11, w-. 3, 1966, 472-474
TOPIC TAGS: cubic crystal, metalloid allay, Rayleigh wave, single crystal, elastic
wave, elastic stress, metal physics
ABSTRACT: Mathematical conditions for the existence of Rayleigh waves in cubic metal
crystals are set forth. The conditions for the propagation of these waves an (100)
planes, in [1001 directions, were stipulated in terms of the existence of positive
roots in the known equation J.L "I a j a .
'-C&4 X ell*
where R -pesic'n; vis density; a Is speed of the Rayleigh wave; o1 1, c12. and 044 aM
elastic constants. A similar problem was derived for the (110) planes and [1101 direi
tions, since this problem ban never been solved quantitatively. The potential energy
UDC: 548.0

ACC NRs AP6018780
t:)
resulting from elastic stress on cubic crystals was given and the coordinates were
transformed so that x and y laid in the (110) plane and a was normal to the plane. T
stress components were obtained by partial differentiation of the potential energy wi
respect to the strain components. The mathematical conditions for the existence of
the Rayleigh waves were developed for two cases;
0, -0/ as " 0
this corresponding to the wave propagation in the [1101 direction on the (110) plans;
and the propagation of the waves in the (1001 direction on the (110) plane. Calcula-
tions ware made an the basis of the above mathematical conditions and 33 metallic and
nometal.Lic single crystals were tabulated, the results giving the existence or nonex-
istence of the Rayleigh waves for (100) and (110) planes and [1001 and [1103 directia
Orig. art* has: I table, 14 formulas.
ISUB COME: 20,U/ SUBM DATE: 29APr65/ ORIG REF: 001/ OTH FIT: 004

ACC- NR: AW005341 SOURCE CODE: Uil/C)181/67/009/Cfjl/016-(/017~O
AUMOR: Finkel', V. M.-,' Sharefutdinov, R. F.; Shishkin, M. V.
ORG: Siberian Metallurgical Institute. im. S. Ordzhonikidze, Novokuznetsk (SibirskV
metallurgicheskiy institut)
TITLE: Probability of revealing dislocations by a condensation method
SOUTIRCE: Fi'-ika tverdogo tela,-v*. 9,.no. 1, 1967, 167-17o
TOPIC TAGS: crystal dislocation phenomenon, electric measurement, vapor condensation,!
501.).10M
condensation nucleus,. crystal surface,
ABSTRACT: 7he authors advnnce a hypothesis that dislocations can be observed on the
surface of a crystal by means of the electric charge of the dislocations (the con-
densation method). The method is based on the preferred nucleation of microscopic
droplets insaturated liquid vapor on the electric charges. Thest of this method
were made on'NaCl crystals in an Ltmosphere of concentrated hydrochloric acide, and
affirmative results were obtained. Dislocations could not be revealed in the same
atmosphere on LiF cr-~rstals but the morphology of the surface of these crystals was
fixed. In the case of NaCl
various tests aimed at checking on the reproducibility
of the method were also made and confirmed its feasibility. Inasmuch as the dimen-
sions of the drops produced on the surface of the crystal are much sTAller than etch
pits, the method has somewhat better resolution than etching, especialj'y at high dis-
location densities. This selective arrangement of the drops makes it possible to
Card 1/2

ACC NR3 AP7005341
study the fine structure of the surfaces of crystals, and reveal small microscopic
:'irregularities on them. The minimum height of the steps that could be observed by
this method was 20 - 30 A. Orig. art. has: 4 figures.
SUB CODE: 20/ SUBM DATE: :LOJun66/ ORIG REF: 004/ OTH REF: 003
Card 2/2

T
ACIC NR, M6028715 SOUR CE CODE: UR/O P,-/ i'/C-111/00 8 '0922 /0923
AUTHOR: Papirov, I. --I-. '~myrnov, Yu. 1M. ; Tykhyns'kyy, 11. PFinkel' V. 0. 3s!
ORG: Physicotechnical Institute, AN URSR, Kharkiv (Fizyko-t(?khnichny-j ini3tytut
AN URSRr-
TITLE: Solubility of cerium in beryllium
jl~
SOURCE: Ukrayins-1kyy fizyc nyy zhurnal, v. 11, no. 8, 1966, 922-923
TOPIC TAGS: 44
ZR .7
ABSTRACT: An attempt has been made to determine the solubility of cerium in berylliu
e
by measuring the/fattice pia.ramet rs.of,a beryllium alloy containing 0.35% cerium over
.* , ~Rtz* ,
Fig. 1. Solubility of cerium in
&V beryllium versus temperature
4 ow
4
Card I

L 42821-66
ACC NR: AP6028715
0
a wide range of temperatures from 1200C to the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The
obtained data indicated that at 720C, the solubility of cerium was 0.35% and drops
continuously with decreasing temperatures to about 0.06% at room temperature (see
Fig. 1). Little or no change occurs with further decreases of temperature to that
of liquid nitrogen. Orig. art. has: 3 figures.
SUB CODE: ll/ SUBM DATE; 30Mar66/ ORIG REF: 003/ OTH REF: 00-YA7-jg
N- Wig- =`9Y.15~,
GO
M

--FINKELI-Ye. Aji-
Gellberg, S. 1. and Finkel' Ye. A. "Obi3ervation:j of th(,, activity of !,GG vaccine
in connection with the method OfTeparing it and the conditions and duration of
storage," fWith editor's note IByulletent In-ta, tuberkuleza Akad. med. nauk.
5.55H, 1948, No. 4, p. 23-27
So: U-3566, 15 March 53, (Letopis 'Zhurnal Inykh Statey, No. 13, 19L9)

FRIXERIL', Ye. A. and PROTOPOPOV, N. G.
"The Etiology of Dysentery in Children's Summer Diarrhea," Sbornik
Nauchnykh Trudov Kirgizskogo Gosudarstvennogo Meditsinskogo Instituta, Frunze.. Vol 7,
1951, pp 259-263.

1~11A'_
USSR Microbiology. Medical and Veterinary F-6
Microbiology.
Abs Jour: Referat. Zh.-Biol., No. 9, 1957, 35716
A uthor : Gelberg, S.I.1 Finkel, E.A.
Title : A Study of the Acclimatization of the Microbacteria
BTsZh by the Method of Marked Cultures in an
Experiment
Orig Pub: Zdravookhr. Belorussii, 1956, No. 5, 22-27
Abstract: The acclimatization and the dynamics of the vege-
tating of microbacteria of the active vaccine
BTsZh was studied in guinea pigs and mice by
means of a bacteriological study of the lymphatic
nodes and the internal organs of the animals
after various periods of the injection of the
vaccine. It was discovered that an adaptation
of the bacteria occurs soon after the injection,
C ard 1/3
go g
34M

USSR //Microbiology. Medical and Veterinary F-6
Microbiology.
Abs Jouro Referat. Zh.-Biol., No. 9, 1957, 35716
and during this phase, the screenings show a
negative result. After the phase of adaptation,
there sets in a phase of maximum reproduction in
the lymphatic nodes and internal organ, then
passing through a distinct period into a fixed
phase. This latter is characterized by a less
intensive reprodnetion of the microbacteria as a
result of the development of the immunological
reactions of the organism in response to the
activity of the vaccine microbes. Gradually
this phase is replaced by the phase of a dying
of the vacciiie infection, the siftings from which
yield either sparse growths, or a negative re-
sult. To clarify the fate of the microbes, in
each of the second vaccinations and revaccinations,
strains of BTsZh were used which were resistant to
C ard 2/3
qql
RNTIRRO Ql; im

U8SR Aicrobiology. Medical and Veterinary F-6
Microbiology.
Abs Jour: Referat. Zh.-Biol., No. 9, 1957, 35716
streptomycin and phtivazid. Such resistant
strains analyzed as marked since they possessed
a selective capability of growth in nourishing
media containing corresponding medicinal prepara-
tions. By using these strains the authors ob-
tained the ability to distinguish the distribu-
tion of the microbes after each of the repeated
vaccinations and the continuity of their vege-
tating.
C ard 3A

GHLIBERG, B.I.; FINIBLI. re.A... BELETSKIY. V.I.; DANOVIGH, S.M.; TSATSKINA,1.8.
Combined entero-cutansous method of immunization vith BCG vaccine.
Probl.tub- 34 no.4:48-53 Jl-Ag 156. (KIRA 9:11)
1. Is kafedry mikrobialogii (zay.
akogo institute.
(DOG VACCINATION, exper.
entero-cutaneous method
S.I.Gallberg) Kirgizakogo meditsin-
of admine in mice & guinea pigs)

Country USSR
Svribiv8ib. Antibiotics
Abs. Jour 1~ef Ztur hi~D'., ~Ojq, 193~,
Author ~-olkovnllkova, .453.,4 Pinkell, 1,e.A.; fefitriova
V
A

nstitutit. .
.
,
L'irgiz Sciuntific Zemearcli
,rnZtitUte of Animal*
Titla The PrObletu of tile 1~ffeCL o~ 6treptomycin ane vhtti-
ivaside on l'ycobacterium tuberculosii; of the Avian
Tyne (First '?eport)
Orl!~ Pub. Bylil. iiauchno-'ioldi. inforri. AUr,
. In-t
Zhi
.
v-
,
otnovoostvn I Vet., 1956, No.1-2, 133'-61
Abstract Phe natural resistE~nce of c~iltnrejq of avian tuber-
cle bacilli cultures to strentomycin in Gelbc-rtrfa
medium ia very hiE,;h, and complete accoirr-.iishi-.-.en~
of restraint of growth Is seen only in medin L-Itz"ch
contain streptowycin in corcertrrtj,,-)r_s of 5U00 un-
its pel- r1l. "Ittlaivaaicie irdjaces a cor ilete cesna-
tion of gro7t.. of the cultures in concentratious of
40 to 2UU1 harwis/wl.
1-usbandry and Veterituiry ~Iediciae
Card: 1/1
USSR/MicrobioloL7 - Micro1bes PathloCenic for Man and Ani0als, F
Dacteria. Mycobacterin.
Abs Jbur : Ref Zhur Diol., No 22, 1958, 99509
'Wthor : Gellberg) Sol., Finkel') Ye.A.) GellberG, I.S.
Inst :
Title : Preparation of Labeled cultures of LCG and Virulent
Tuberculous Myco'bacterin With tile Aid of Antibiotics
and (lienotijerapeutic DrL13s- N.
V_
ori[; Pub : Probl. tuberkuleza) 1957) 105-106
astract : DY cultivatinC; for a period of 11 Months of the strain
nC(Wl and of the viruleat strain of tubercle bacilli
"Ravenel" on an e[;G medium J,-, the presence of GraduallY
increasina ql=tities of streptomycilL (S) or phthivazide
(p), cultures vere obtained vilich were resistant to
20,000 14-dta of S in 1 Ea of the medi'm (DCG_S and
I'Ravenell'.B) or to IpOOO of P in 1 ml of the nediUM
(13CG-p and "Ravenell'-P). The obtained resistant strains
Card 1/2
h
7101-

USSR/RicrobioloC;y - Microbes PathoCcnic for Man and Animals. F
Dacteria. kycejacteria&
Nbs Jour Ref Zhur Diol., 110 22,
1958, 99509
of DCO did not differ from the oriCinal strain in the
activity of multiplication in the oranism, and in the
sensitizine and irmuAzin:; properties. The resistant
cultures of the strain "Ravenel" possess a virulence
for fuinea pi[;s identical with the:,oriGinal strain.
The obtained cultures do not multiply in the presence
of other antibiotics towards which they remain seasitive.
It is the opinion of the authors that the cultures ob-
tained by then are labeled since they possess biolo[;Lcal
properties identical to those of the original strains and
are eatily detected amna microbes of this type due to
the characteristic of therapeutic resistance. The au-
thors are utilizina these strains in experimental inves-
ti,,,ptions of vaccination and immiLuiity in tuberculosis.
-- G.Ye. Frumkina
Card 2/2

FIM~L!I.ffi Ye*A.-., kand-emed.nauk
Late antituberculosis revaccination and the erperimental bnois for
its effectiveness [with eummar7 in French]. Probl.tub- 36 no-3:
88-91 '58 (KIRA 11:5)
1, lz kafedry mikrobiologii (sav. S.I. Gellberg) Kirgizskogo
goaudaretvennogo seditainakogo instituts.
(TUMCUWSIS, emmunol.
off. of anteral-eplautaneoug revacc. In gulneR nigs
(RUB))

GILIDMO, Sol*; FINMI, Ye.A.
% : 0 Mmffl"~
Kethod of experimental study of immunogenic properties of
antituberculosis vaccine and the effectiveness of methods of
its use. Probl.tub. 37 no.2:8o-84 '59- (MIR& 12:9)
1. Is kafedry mikrobiologii (sav.S.I.Gallberg) Kirgitskogo,
meditainako Instituta.
NOGG VAGGIN&TION, exper.
Immmogenic properties in guinea pigs (Rua))

FINKEL', Ye.A.
Methods for antituberculosis vaccination and revaccination using
BCG. Sovadrav.Kir. no.5:32-38 S-0 162. (MIRA 15:10)
1. Iz Kirgizskogo nauchno-issledovatellskogo instituta tuberkuleza
(dir. - prof. Yu.A.Volokh).
(BCG UCCINATION)

FINKEL'I Z. ii.
"Morphological Changes in the Elastic Tissue of the Kidney due to Hypertonic
11
Disease , Arkhiv. Patol., x V. 11, No. 1, 1949.
Mbr., Chair Pathological Anatomy, Kharkov Med. Inst.

NALBAT, I. S.
P~roblem of thrombophlobitic splenomegalye' Sov.med. 22 no.10:
52-56 0 158 (MIRA 11:11)
1e Is kafedry patologicheakoy anatomii (zev. - prof. G.L. Derman)
Marikovakogo maditainakogo instituta (dir. - doteent I.F. lonenko)
i prozektury (zav; profs' G.L. Derman) Oblastnoy klinicheskoy bollnitsy
lharlkova tglavnn vrach MOG* Msdiyevskiy).
(VBINS, PORTAL SYSTEM. die.
thrombophlebitis causing splenomegaly Obig))
MUMMY, etiol & pathogen.
thrombophlebitis of splenic veins (Rua))

THUal, N.I.; FIIMLI, Z.H.
Gase of the spleen. Hov.1-hir.arkh. no-3:99-100
14y-Je 159. (MIR& 12:10)
1. lharlkovolmya oblastnaya klinloheakaya bollnitea.
(SPIMM-MORS)

RABINOVICH, A.P.; FINKEL', Z.N. (Khartkov)
Functional and morphological changes in the kidneys in
experimental diabetes. Probl. endok. i gorm. 9 no-3:1+3-46
Mv-.Te 163. (N11RA 17: 1)
1. 1z protivozobnogo diBpansera (glavnyy vrach Ya.M. Zoloto-
vitskiy) i prozektury (zav. - prof. G.L. Derman) Oblastnoy-
J; klinicheskoy bollnitay (glavnyy vrach V.A. Pizhankova).

DERMAN, G.L.; FINKEL', Z.N.
Ic " - - .-
Morphology of intraepithelial caticer of the cervix uteri. Trudy
Inst. akap. morf. AN Oruz, SSR 11:229-235 16).
(MIRA 1711l)
1. Kafedra pat6logicheakoy anatomli Rhartkovskogo meditainskogo
instituta.

ACCII-MIUN NR; APIIO11720 S/0055/64/0CO/001/0021/0028
AUTHORS: Bekezin,,. F. A* ~okhil, G. PS; I.-M 0
TITLE.-Sebro"dinger equation for system of one-dimensional particles with point
interaction
SOURCE: - Moscow. Universitet, Vestr4k, Seriya 1, Hatematika, mekhanika, no. is
1964, 21-28
TOPIC TAGS: Schrodinger equation, point interaction) delta function, wave functions
0
scattering theory, elastic theory
ABSTRACT: The SchrMinger equation for n one-dimensional particles of equal mass
and point interaction field is given
A. 1 A4V
whers X1, ... ~z -particle coordinate, 2 -interaction constant, ~Lnd. Ax) Dirac
delta functions An explicit solution is obtained for the wave function in the
form
exp (iklxa, ++ tk,,X,
Card 1/2

Acussm NR, 1AP4011720
where k, ........ kn - arbitrary couplex numbers, A detailed solution is given for
n - 3 both in a repulsing and an attracting field. The V -functions of the seat-
terinG theory are found, satisfying the Lippmann-Schwinger equations, and their
completeness (both in coordinate and momentum space)' is proved, The scattering
operator is constructed in terms of the V/-functions
Id 3X out V I b) Vi. V I a).
and its eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, in particular for symmetric function
subspace with elastic scattering, are found. "The authors express their gratitude
to the members of the 1. Ye. Tamm seminar in FIAN in October 1962.11 Orig. art.
has: 29 equations.
ASSOCUMON: Moskovskiy universitet, Kafedra teorii funktaiy i funktsionalinogo
analiza (Moscow University, Department of Theory of Functions and Functional
Analysis)
SUBMMM: O?Feb63 DxrE AcQ, i4Feb64 &WL:. 00
SUB CODE: PH No RW SOVI 003 OTHERa 003
Card 2/2

ACCESSION NR: AP-1020581 S/0057/64/034/003/0509/0518

AUMIOR:
TITLE: Dielectric constants of mixtures
SOURCE: Zhurnal tekhnicheskoy fiziki, v.34, no.3, 1964, 509-518
TOPIQ TAGS: dielectric constant, misture dielectric constant, effective dielectr c
constnnt, dielectric constant calculation
'
~
ABSTRWET:
Formulas are
derived for approximately calculating the effective dielec -1
tric constant of a mixture of substances, the effective dielectric constant being !'4
the ratio of the average displacement Vothe average field. The dependence of the-
dielectric constant on frequency is taken into account, and, although the dielec-
tric constant is treated as a scalar, the method can be extended to tensor dielec-
tric constants. Two distinct types of approximation are discussed separately, In
'
the first case treated, the various
components of the mixture may be present in any''
proportions, but their separate dielectric constants are assumed not to differ
greatly from each other. The diel6ctric constant is thus treated as a random yari-
able that never-deviates greatly from its mean. The effective dielectric constant

Card 1/3

AcassioN NR: AP4020581,
or order!'
;16 obtained from an expansion, the terms of which involve successively high
!,moments,of a certain function of the dielectric constant. The first'approximation
is that obtained by V.I.Odelevskiy (ZhTF,21,No.5,678,1951). To discuss the higher
oapproximations, the assumption of "random phases" is employed, whereby the higher
imoments are expressed in terms of the second moments. The second approximation is
balculated for several simple forms of the second moment. The second order correc-
...tion'is small provided the wavelength is long compared with the correlation length,if....
but the higher order corrections can be appreciable even at zero frequency. The se-"
'cond case treated is that of a number of spherical inclusions in an otherwise homo-
gendous matrix. The treatment can bc extended to the case of nonspherical inclus-
:idns. The inclusions may have arbitrary dielectric constants, but their concentra-
tions are assumed to be small. The effective dielectric constant is obtained from
i :an expansion in powers of the concentrations. The derivation of this expansion is
~performed in part.by a method employed by W.F.Broivn(J.Chem.Pliys.23,1514,1955). The
*!n-th degree term of the expansion involves the n-th order distribution funct on and
1 t
icoofficie ts obtained from the solution of the problem of n spheres in an ex ernal
:,field. The first and second degree terms are obtained, the spheres being assumed to,~!,
':-'be as nearly randomly dist ributed an thoir finite size permits. The first degree
Card 2/p

-----------
ACCESSION NR.- AP4020581
term is that obtained long ago by O.Wiener (Abliandl d. Leipz.Acad;,82,509,1912). I
;'The author is deeply grateful to A.A.Vedenov for suggesting the problem and for-
;his constant assistance in its solution, and to M.A.Leontovich for discussing the
work.!' Origoart.hast 64 formulas and 2 figures.
ASSOCIATION: none
SUBMITTED: 04Apr63 DATE ACQ: 31Mar64 EXCL: 00
%'SUB CODE: PH KR.REF SOV: 003 CRH R: 007~',!
3/3
Card
ili 111,141 WHO& 01284 1,011, OR

ACCESSION NR: AP4019242 S/0056/64/046/002/0725/0731.
AUTHOR-- Finkel'berg, V. m.
TITLE: Mea~nftie`lds~tr ~~an inhomogeneous medium
2,1964, 725-731
SOURCE: Zhurnal eksper. i teor. fiz.# v. 46, no.
TOPIC TAaS:
field in inhomogeneous medium# mean value, statistical
mean, random function# random inclusion distribution, e ansion in
Xp
moments, expansion in concentration, electromagnetic field, dielec-
tric constant, nonpolar molecule gas, medium with spherical inclu-~-
sions, time independent solution
ABSTRACT: In view of the itatistical nature of many properties in-
volved in the propagation of heat, sound, and electromagnetic waves
in a medium with random inbomogeneities or in scattering of electrons~
by impurities in the crystal, a general analysis is made of a field
in an inhomogeneous medium that can be described statistically with
'Card 1/3

ACCESSION NR: AP4019242
the-aid of a random function or a random distribution of inclusion.
Time independent equations are considered. The equation wbich go-
verns the mean value of the field is expanded in terms of the mo-
1ments of the random function or in terms of the powers of the incl
sion concentration. Among the examples considered are an electro-
magnetic field (which has singularities connected with the singu-
larity of its Green's function), the dielectric constant of a gas
of nonpolar molecules, and the effective,dielectric constant of a
medium with spherical inclusions. New formulas have been derived
in the last two examples, differing from the results of earlier in--
ivestigations. some inconsistencies in work by others are also
pointed out. "The author is grateful to A. A. Vedenov, M. A.
Leontovich, and V. Ya. Paynberg for a discussion and valuable re-
;marks." Orig. art. hast 17 formulas.
ASSOCIATIM Institut yadernoy -fiziki Moskovskogo gosudarstvennocjo
i un:Lversiteta (Nuclear Physics institute, Moscow State University).
Cara 2/Z

FINKELIBERG, V.M.
~ -11 -.4-
Virial expansion in the problem of electrostatic polarization
of a system of many bodies. Dokl. AN SSSR 152 no.2:320-323
S 163, - (MM 16: U)
1. Moskovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. M,V, Lomonosova.
Predstavleno akademikom M.A. Leontovichem.

Q
FlNKU'M-'J6jl V.~~.
I-Alcan fj.t-,1,4 -,tr 'n,,th in an Inhomogenpe-z 'Ziur. eksp. J.
0 ,
teor. f iz. 46 no.2:725.-731 F 164. 17:9)
1. Institut yadernoy fiziki Moskovsko,-;o i!ozu6arsLvenyioi,,o
unIversiteta.

7- 7 0 4 01
__=,,-4KT AP6007271 SOURCE CODE: UR/ fO88f0O2 0399
AUTHOR: Lotova, No A.1 Fin ke L
ORG: none
TITLE: Interplanetary scintillations of radio souKce .9 aqd their use
in astrophysics
SOURCE: Ulspekhi fizicheakikh nauk. v. 88, no. 2, 1966, 399-401
TOPIC TAGSt rad io source radio telescope, directivity diagramt radio'
diffraction method, radio oscillation methodg point shaped source,
9"Plar superearona
OSTRACTS The determination of angular dimensions of radio sources
dipends.upon the resolving power of radiotelescopes precisely,
more
upon the directivity diagram. RadLotelescopes wUR'a 1-km base
working on meter waves haves. directivity diagram from 3' to 20', which
is Inadequate-for studying.small objects. -Since 1950, the method 'of
cosmic radioemisoLon diffraction at the rim of the lunar disk has been used.
This method yields a resolving power approximately equal to 20"; it was
used for studying the Crab nebula. In 19589 V. L. Ginzburg recommended
the scintillation method for studying radio sources. The principle of
this method consists in:thia diffraction of radio waves passing through
Card 12 UDCs 523.164