SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT ETTINGER, ALFRED - ETTINGER, YE.L.

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• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
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• Document Creation Date: January 3, 2017
• Document Release Date: July 28, 2000
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

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ETM, V'Lktor
CFMSTHr
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1%4

.%',,KOV.r;KfYp E.; v., teminik
Univorsal fas,fining of molds to vibrating platTorms. kit.clor. 28
no.3.,15 Mr 1.."5. 1 t:)U 2 P5)
1. Nachallnk tsentrallnoy laboratori; U 1.4,. 1 - r-, 4
a u- 0 tva
No.9 Glacrnogo iipmvl~miyrt p.-) o-rcig
onyi.,znoar) znaf.!her;.Iva (Por
t.-a-riyzi tlpravli~n~lya stlro4-tell3fva No.')
st,r~)J.',~,Ilstvu avtomoblllnyr'-.lr, dorc)[I

ITTINGER, Alfred; CHYIJWSKIo Vlodzimiers
XzIology, pathogenesis, ol W cal aspects, and prevention of
occupational skin disease in dye workers. Przogl. dorm. 4 no.11
31-37 Ja-F '54.
1. Z Kliniki Deimtologlasnej Akadomii Modycvuej w lodzi.
Dyrektor: prof. dr S.Kapuxeinmki.
(DYSS, Injurious effects,
*skin dim, In workers)
(OCGUPATIONAL DIUASIS,
*skin dim, in'dre workers)
diseases,
Ooccup. 4ye lesions In workers)

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A.~i-~
BULCIL', A., G0-0DI:;,ECFH, Z., and ETTII,`3Z:t, A. "Contamination oC sand of a
hi.ll-spted riona: -.ita'ino filLer, a -
.., u u nd c!!r,-:Acal rct;.odo of Lt." -a.t.~rialy po
khoz-vu, l()41), Collection 2, P. 30-36.
JO: U-4Y)3, 19 Au~;us~ 53, (Letupis lZhurnal Inrkh ;Iat,--yi, No. 22, 1104J).

E.-VT 1IN Cr C R, fi- I
1. PONONAPIEVA, V. V,j ETTINURO A. I,
2, USM 600
4. Neva River - Water - Composition
7. Nature of organic substances dissolved in Neva waters, Dokl. AN SSSR, 88, Koo 1
1953.
9. Monthly List of Russian Accessions, Library of Congress, April 1951, Uncl.

Xweva wittat. V. V, Pormuovit
9-u'
J, Appl. Pm, U.S.S.R. 27,

AID F - 3656
Subject USSR/Medicine
Card 1/1 Pub. 37 - 2/19
Authors Bolotnyy, V. V., Ettinger, A. I., Kupperberg, L. S.,
Scientiric Work
Title Disinfection of drinking water by hydrogen peroxide
Periodical Gig. 1. san., 11, 7-9, N 1955
Abstract Describes investigation and experiments on the use of a
filter for disinfecting Neva water by hydrogen peroxide.
The results of the experiments are presented in a table.
Institution : Leningrad Scientific Research Institute, Academy of
Municipal Services im. K. D. Pamfilov
Submitted : S 9, 1954

41
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had cost. 1. L. milinxrr.
06del. TrW--AWU1049~
1719-22: cf. C.A. 43, 873%.- N wait frec-1 from 0 by
passing ever litcandewent Cu sh4vings. and through a asin.
of andium dithlotlite. and from HIS by a win. of Na plum.
bite. and dried over CuCh and soda time. Kuznetsk c*al
WAS subjectest to evacuation for 1.4 montlis under a premm
of about W-mus.stfA'. For each of Ilse gAmpfesof nsul,
representing diffitrent waxes of metamorphism. isotherms
were obtained, at 25" and at 40% The point of sorption
equil. was coosplettly revermble; this tevrr'ihility wersi; I')
4,s,clfirM the esilste"M Of PhYll. VAn der Waal's sorption its
witritst to clicincaurption. However, the % sorplilln iso.
cruls We" - dally different trom the Sorption ito-
"erms of Old reported previously. All but I of the N
L
i~olbermz were "ght lilies; thus Sorption of X follows
I itfiry*0 Imse. The goep4i,m istemi4es with the devre of
carbonizaiiiin of the CIA: I.C. As thc degree of in'tz"o"r-
phism of the coal increases, the Webl"S Surface Incirt-AM.
C.Udys S. Macy

UM/Geology
coal
Gas
Apr 49
"Gases of Coal Deposits," G. D. Lidin, 1. L.
Ettinger, 10 pp
"Priroda" No 4
DIscusses (1) nature of gases and their occurrtnce
in carboniferous deposits, (2) gas formation 'in
mine dhafts, (3) prevention of gas in mines, (4)
problem of forecasting gas abundance in mines,(5)
controlling gas formation in.mines, avd (6) utili-
zation or gases. Discusses historical background
4M
57/49T46
USSR/Geology (Contd) Apr 49
of subject. . Illustrates how the dangerous gas,
metbane, can be converted into a useful mineral
product by proper measures.
57/49T46
1:2)
E-
M

'Jul 49
Mgt%&
"Sorption of Methane by Kuznetsk Basin Coale,"
M.' L. Ettinger, VAning lust, Aced Sol USSR, 5 pp
*fz Ak Nauk SSSR, Otdel Tekh Nauk" No T
Yound. Talues for zethane sorption by luznetsk
basin coals in pressure Interval 0 - 800 zm/ner-
aur7 and temperature range 0 - 400C. Compared
data on Kuznetsk coal with data frcm other
sources on Donets ooals, English coals, Belgian
coals, and Belgian anthracite. All bave roughly
Ob 52/49T90
WSR/Mlnes (Contd) Jul.49
the same sorption properties. Submitted by Aoa&
4!_A.-5kocbinskiy, 5 Alw 49.
52/49T90

~ vri-rihah, 1. L.
..., I . ~ 1 . I , , - ~
36U3 Vydayushchiysya dayatell rumakoy nauki akademik A. A. SKochinskly. (K 75-letlYu
so dr*ra rozhdeniya). Priroda, 1949, No. n, S. 70-71o S portr.
130:
Latopial Zhmnall mfth Statey. No. 49, 1949

usmt/ximing - coal May 5 0
Aced Sci USSR
A. -
br
,Orpt:,on of C02 by Mineral Coals," I. L. Ettinger,
Mining Inst, Acad Sci USM
ZZ Ak Nauk SSSR, Otdel Tekh Nauk" No 5, PP 721-728
Investigates absorption Of C02 per unit mass of vari-
ous coals (anthracite, lignite, graphite, fossil,
etc3 as function of pressure (0-900 =a/Eg) for vari-
Ous temperatures (20, 30, 4oo c) and various sources
(Sub-Moscow, Karaganda, Kureyka, Ceylon, etc).
rinally, inakes scattergrm of all aata for C02-
absorption vs volatility V (0-45%). Long,
MM/Xining - Coal (Contd) PAY 50
rectangular -hyperbolic "sequence" is noted for an-
tra-acite coalls, while lignite and long4lame coals
are scattered in a s-11 localized cluster. Sub-
ititted U Jan 50 by Acad A. A. Skoch:Lnskiy.
.163T66

ETTIWM.. 1. L.
WSR/Hining - Coal, Testing Aug 50
"Influence of the Moisture Content on Sorption of
Methane by Coals," 1. L. Ettinger, G. D. Lidin, Inst
of Mining, Acad Sci USSR
"Iz Ak Nauk SSSR, Otdel Tekh Naukr No 8, pp 1198-
1203
Studied of methane by dry and moist coals on three
samples. Demonstrated: permeability to methane de-
creases vith increase in moisture contint; decrease
is determined mainly by sorption water. Natural
moisture content must be considered when calculating
methane-beariug ability of coal seams. Submitted by
Aced A. A. Skochinskiy.
168T59
i68T 59

USSR/Engineering - Coal Mining
Mar 52
"Zasic Factors Deetermining the Gas-Bearing Capacity
of Coals at Atmospheric Pressure," I. L. Ettinger
"Iz Ak Nauk USSR, Otdel Tekh Nauk" No 3, pp 423-432
Discusses sorption capacity of coals in respect to
gases, concluding that such capacity is basically
determined by magnitude of inner surface, i.e., n-
ber of ultra-pores accessible for molecules of gases
Developme-nt extent of inner surface is result of
metamorpbic processes in coal bed during geological
periods. Sorption capacity of coals increases in
244T60
transition from low-metamorphosed gas coals to an-
thracites. Submitted by Acad A. A. Skochinsk:Ly
?0 Aug 51
244T6o

FTJ-%O~TE-Q, ~-L-
1./ATTINGER, 1. L.
2. USSR (600)
4. Coal - Analysis
7. Index of the tendency of coal to eject suddenly coal and gas.
Ugoll 27 no. 10, 1952
9. Monthly List of Russian Accessions, Library of Congress, _January 953. Unclassified.

LZU/Nining - coal., me+%* 23. Jan 52
,,ftthod for Apprazimate calculation of the, Borptive
capacity of Coals in Res W t to Methane at Atmos-
pheric Pressurej" 1. L. Ettinger) Inst of Minin
Acad Sci USSR
"Dok Ak Nauk SSSR" Vol LMWI, No 3, pp 427-430
Suggest empirical eq for calg methane content of
coal at various tempap if values for methane sorption
of this coal are known at least for 2 temps. Isobars
of metha sorption vere plotted for coals of Donets,
KaraganAa and Xuawtsk basins) end sugpsted eq is
expression describing those Isobars. Submitted by
Aced A. A. SkochInskiy.

XMINGER, I.L.; PROTODIYAKONOT, U.K.
W - W 101 M'W"t.
Change of the hardness of coal by saturation with mathane. Doklady AkLd.
Nauk SOS-S-R- 84, 1233-7 132. (KT,'RA 3:7)
(CA 47 noalq1694 1~3) ' 6. -

1. XVINGER, I.L.; SIIITERENBERG, L.YE.; YABLOKOV, V.S.
2. U35R (600)
4. Coal
7. The relation between the structure of coal 3eams and the rate of methane yield
by coal, Izv. AN WSH. Ser.geol. no. 2, 1953.
9. Monthly List 2.f Russian Accessions, Library of Congress, APRIL -1-953, Uncl.

HOVIKOV, X.P.; ETTINGYAR, I.L.
Conference on Prevention of spontaneous coal and gas combustion In coal
mines. Izv.AN =JL Otd.tekh.nauk no.7:1074-1076 a '53. (MLRA 6:8)
(Combustion, Spontaneous)
k
14

1. ETTINGER, I. L.;SHTERMFRG, L. Ya.; YABLOKOV, V. S.
2. USSR (600)
4. Methacrylic Acid
7. Effect of the intensity of stirring on the rate of heterophase polymerization
of methylmethaerylate in solution, Zhur. prikl. khim. 26 No. 4, 1953.
9. Monthly List of Russian Accessions, Library of Congress, April, 1953. Uncl.

MINM, I.L., imadidat kbiniahoskikh nauk; SHTXRMIW, I.Te., ala"My nauohWy
not YARZIOKOV, T.S., kandidist geologo-mineralogicheskII& nauk.
Connection between the structure of coal semm and sudden ejection phenomena.
Ugoll vol.28 no.11:28-31 9 153. NLRA 6:11)
L.IrAtitut geologicheskikh nauk Akadeviii nank SM (for ghtersubarg and
Tablakov). 2. Institnt gornogo dels. Akadexii nank SM (for Ittinger).
(Coal)

of methane and Metfkyl ale6hol V-spot by c'o*Tx'.'!
'V. V. AuWt. -'i. L. Rttingcr, anti Al. 11, Yanovskaya.,
USS R 0414dy AW. 309-11(1053).-Attgarp- . I I I II
(16a mp.1city of coats lot Cill and AteOH Is decd, by tt:r
of hiltmports slid not by the dimcnilotu a('
the crystallites. Hard coals and anthrakitei (<
volatile coustItuents) way be regarded as rigid adsorbeatts.
Saft C04113 > 4WO volatile constituents) exhibit an acom.
alousty hlg~.' adsorption ability and cannot be regarded
as tiipd e6orhents. Expd. tWiniques are thme pre-
viousfy describtd (L L. Ettinger, C.A. 47, 6631h, Khodut
and VanovsLaya, CA. 46, 11620f). 1. P.-

4-:771Aj6 27~-'
4991 DEMISKITION -OF'RATE Cp MIRL
U SS ERUFriff, W-4111 III CUL Si~kLlq, LI'lins U.",-
14TJ;RF"A,p ZhupakMtlao C.S. n.WSaZ-rW-V. LAC4 Wiz-A
-31). A cl t~aklnc ewl
(cop Dec. 19%, 21 The motho
~rcmovtn& the IWAIng fps, -,atur,-,t Ing th(n vqIth af--Uwni~s~ rnl
m muring the lnttl;~l rz-u of En3 tX11S.Mki-I ri,-l ?iFjdlCd f~'r
months to a scim in CLuml Da-Arml, T 1; 0 ft I, ".'a L r Ia -.,;,
i crvptlcri Inarcamen vilth thlo rato of cns L-J-snlt~n w~s v-ntini,o ,-.i
swo sizeest fia predlu I ctv%

ET ~ W (Or E. R, I - L, -
/ATTINGIM, 1. .: L."; ZHUFAKHINA, Ye,S.
, ." , I
Initial gas formation rate in coal seams indicating gas and
coal outburst hazards& Trudy Instagorodela 1:165-172
154. ()aJU 7: 12)
(Coal mines and mining) (mine gases)

ITTINGZR, I., kandidat khimichookikh nauk.
Id
Ar, outstanding scientist. Wat.ugl. 3 no.7:24 JI 154. (KLRA 7:7)
(A.A.Skeohinskli)

L~Ie~StZV - Coal
Carl 1/1
Autators
I Title
Publ. 22 - 45/63
i Ettinger, I. L-s Iamba,'S. G-i and Adamov, V. 0.
I The'role of gas as a reducer of coal solidity
Peziodical i Dok. AN SSSR 99/6, 1057-1060. Doc 21, 1954
0 Abstract
i Experiments were conducted to determine the causes for coal softening (louG
in'solidity) under the effect of gas pressures and to explain the connection
between solidity reduction of coal and their geological disturbance, Re-
sults showed that the softening of coal Is connected with their gas absorp-
tion and that the Change In caft solidity In the mass during cut-off venti-
lation la imnected with the Increase in partial gas pressure and reduction
in Intensity of goo desorption from the coal. Eight USSR references (1936-
1954). Tables; drawing.
tution : Acadezror of Sciences USSR, Mining Diatitute
by : Academician A. As Mcochinakiy, J'ulY 7, 1954

YESILOVSKIY, V.S.; BVINGER, LL kwAidat khImicheekikh nauk,
redaktor-, 9 .-A., redaktor; SINKINA, U.N.. tekhni-
cheekly radaktor.
[Chemical nature of mineral fuels] Xhimichaskals, priroda goriuchikh
isko"aemVkh. Moskva, Isd-vo Akademit nauk SSSR, 1955. 423 P-
(rugl-Analysis) (MLRA 8!12)
(Mineralogical chemistry)

'+ 4- / tjo- ) I . L- .
USSR/kels C1
FD-2623
Card 1/1 : Pub. 41-9/21
Author : Lamba, Ye. L. and Ettinger, 1. L., Moscow
Title : Measurement of the sorptional properties of coal during its
oxidation
Periodical : Izv. AN SSSR, Otd. Tekh. Nauk 4, 110-119, Apr 1955
Abstract : Studies the reasons for the changes in gas separation indices.
Takes into account the fact that in newly developed coal basins
the specimens do not undergo laboratory investigation immediately
upon uncovery. Examines the rate of desorption of methane during
coal storage. Describes method of determining Initial degree of
gas separation. Proposes reasons for the decrease in the gas
separation index of coal during storage. Lists properties of
coal taken from various mines and regions. Graphs, tables. Ten
references, 9 USSR.
Institution
Submitted November 22, 1954

Til.
lb

ancl Coal Ab,Xvl~
44~
iC . ;

El

Gas Medium in Coal-Breaking Destruction Processes.
the same time.The &athors investigated the solidity of WIhan
loo samples and of 5 different types of derangement of the struc-
ture in the airt C02 and OH4 under pressure of 4o atm.over pres-
sure.The physical adsorption for C02 and CH is characterizing.
The quantity of dust developing on the occalion of crushing the
coal. was measured in all of the three gases.From ill.1 it is e-
vident that solid sorts of coal have less micro-craks and there-
fore their solidity is not injured by gases. Weak and easily cru-
shable coals, on the other hand, are weakened even more by the
action of CHI and C02- Ill.2 shows(in semilogarithmic coordinates)
the average istance between micro-craoks and the dust develop-
ment in C02' On the occasion of a mechanical influence on coal in
gas mediy also the micro-cracks, with the exception of influences
on large surfaces, have an effect.1f such preliminary derangement
is lacking, the gas alone is not able to produce new cleavage
planes between coal and gas and thus to promote the destruction
of the coal along these planes. Methane has a similar, though we-
aker effect than C02.1n the seam the coal is saturated with gas.
Here the gas has no weakening effect but prevents the hardening
of the coal.A very fine methane cover(nearly loo% methane) is
blown away on the occasion of active ventilation. Ilthough the
methane supply from deeper layers intensifiest it stays behind the
escaping of gas. The gas pressure in the exterior coal layers de-
Card 2/4 creases, the decomposing gas-effect int the micro-craks dimini-

t
AUTHORt Ettinger, I.L., 2()-5-281%
TITLEt Variation in the Sorption Properties of Genetic Series of Fos-
sile Coals (Izmeneniye sorbtsionnykh evoystv v gensticheskikh
ryadakh iskopayemykh ugley)
PERIODICALs Doklady Akad. nauk SSSRq 1957P Vol- 115, Nr 5, PP- 953-956,(USSR)
ABSTRACTi Most of the coal deposits are saturated with gas. The role of the
sorption energy, which causes the gas concentration on the surfa-
oe of coals is important for the creation of a balance between
coal and gas. In the course of the conversion process of coal sub-
stances which was different in the various coal depositat the sorp-
tion activity of fossile coals also changes. The change affects
the binding character of coal and gas and the gas-saturation of
coal layers, i.e. the potential factors which decide the emittan-
ce of gas in mines. Therefore it is very important to define the
mathematical interrelationship, the change of sorption properties
with the origin of pit coals and their metamorphism. The author
studied about 250 samples of the major coal deposits of the U.S.S.R.
He analyzed them and found a sorption capacity for methane at 3oO
of temperature and I atm of pressure. The connection between this
capacity and yield of volatile substances is shown in figure I
(for CH4) and figure 2 (for C02). The genetic processes in coals
lead into different directions and overlap one another. Their
Card 1/13. sorption properties change in a simular way. This all brings about

Variation in the Sorption Properties of Genetic Series of 20-5-28/54
Fossils Coals.
with the yield of volatile substance of 35-4o% cannot be explained
by: the dispersion of the results of the experiments. It is a fact
that in the above mentioned range field the increase of the sorp-
tion property takes place independently of the main direction;
this confirms the fact that the series of molecular association in
the Moscow- and Central Asian brown coals are parallel to the se-
ries of pit coals, thanks to the overlapping by the factor of sub-
terranean oxidation. If the adsorption of brown coal (bituminous
coal) and long-flame-coal is of importance it is necessary to de-
fine also their natural activation through a change in the chemi-
cal composition. The existence of 2 directions in the diagram
"yield of volatile substances - sorption capacity", however, shows
no significant dispersion in the results of experiments. They can
only be explained by the fact that, &part from the natural factors
which activate coals, there exist also such as have a contrary ef-
fect. There are 2 figures and 7 Slavic referances.
PRESENTED BYiSkochinskiy, A. A., Abademicisn, March 19, 1957
SUBMITTED: March,19,1957
AVAILABLEt Library of Congress
Card 3/3

SKOOKINSKIY, A.A., eked.; KHODOT, V.V.,Imnd. takhn.nauk,; GHOSHINSKIY.
V.G., at. nauchW sotr~dutk, kaol. tokbo.nauk,; LIPATET, Tu, A.,
ml. naucbrWy motrudnik, ; PRJMLER, Tu#S.. ml. nouqhny,7 sotrudaik,
-X21191CRo. ~I-L. at. nauchnyy sotrudnik. kand. kbim.nauk,;
TANOTSKAYA. M.T.. at. nauchzWy sotrudnik. kand. tekhn. nauk.;
RIKOLAYN, V.F., red. izd-va.; FROZOROVSKAYA. V.L.. tekhn. red.;
ILIINSXATA, G.M., tokhn. red.
(Methane in coal beds] Xqtan v ugol'nykh plastakh. Moskva
Uglatekhisdat. 1958. 255 P. (H~U 11:12)
1. Rukovoditall Iaboratorii vuezapnykh vybronov Instituta gornogo
deU AN =R (for.Khadot). 2. laborato t prognoza i upravleniya
gazov7deleniyom Instituta gornogo delarT (for Zttinger).
(Methane)
(Goal)

E=OR) I. L.
"The Sorption PiApertiee and Structure of Fossil Coals."
paper to be submitted for the Symposium an the Nattire of Coal, Dhanbad, India)
7-9 Feb 59.
(Inet. of Mining) fioad. Sol. USSR, Moscow.)

5(2) 307/32-251-4 -29/7
AUTHORS: Ettinger, 1. L., Zhupakh1naj Ye. S.
TITLE: New Methods of Determining the True and Apparent Spezific
Weights of Porous Bodies (Novyye metody opredeleniya istinnogo
i kazhushchegosya udellnykh vesov poristykh tel)
PERIODICAL: Zavodskays. Laboratoriya, 1959, Vol 25, Nr 4, Pp 453-455 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: For.determining the apparent specific weight, i.e. the weight
of I cm 3 of a porous body including the pores, conditions must
be established which absolutely prevent the pycnometrical
medium from entering the pores. In the present case, a method
of this kind was developed for coals and bitumina. The pycno-
metrical liquid is water with 0-05-0.1% of the wetting agent
OF-7, which reduces the surface tension at the water-air
boundary from 73 to 33 erg/cm2. OP-7 is a mixture of poly-
ethylene glycol monoalkylphenyl esters. The results of de-
termination obtained by the described method, and with helium
are given for 12 samples of different coal types (with a con-
tent of 1-7-44-5~ volatile component) (Table 1). The method is
Card 1/2 applied in the Vsesoyuznyy nauchno-issledovatellskiy dorozhnyy

SOV/32-25-4-29/71
New Methods of Determining the True and Apparent Specific Weights of PorouB
Bodies institut (All-Union icientifie Research Institutle of Roads) by
A. S. Kolbanovska and L. I. Yefimova for bituminous materials
with the difference that the sample is not heated on the water
bath but is left in the va:,uum exsJ.ccator in the pyanometrical
liquf'_d at room temperature. For determining the apparent specific
weight, the method of silanization was tested on coals (Ref 3).
It is found that an excessive silanization reduces the accuracy
of determinationj for soft coal types the result is the higher,
the longer the silane condensation is carried on. The latter is
assiimed to be due to a possible compression of tile soft, loose
*' structure. A comparison between the results of measurement
c
oa.L
by the described method and geometrical measurements (Table 2)
shows that the maximum difference is 1%. There are 2 tables
and 3 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: Institut-gornogo dela Akademii nauk SSSR (Institute of Mining
of the Academy of Sciences USSR)
Card 2/2

KINKOVSKIT, Mikhail Abramovich, prof.; NTIMIM, I.L., otv.red.; GARBHP-,
T.N., red.isd-va; BZ9ff&AVSKATA,--.--., WjjFu~'.-jWd.; LOKILIRA,
L,N., takhn.red,
(Chemistry in coal mining] Khiniia v ugol'noi promyshlennosti.
Moskva, Goe.nauchno-takhnAzd-vo lit-ry po gornomu dalu, 1960.
151 P. (MIRA 13:5)
(Coal mines and mining) (Chemistry, Technical)

ETTINGERp Iosif Llvovichl__OKHRIMKO, V.I., otv. red,; MINSM9 L,Lq
-tek-bno redal SM=AR# S.Ya., tekbu. red.
lili-opertims of coals affecting mine safety] Svoistva ugleip
vlUaiushchie nabezopasnost' truds. v shakhtakh. Moskva, Gos.
nauobno--tekbn. izd-vo 3.it-z7 po gornomu delup 1963-- 95 P*
(KUL 14: 8)
(Coal mineis aM mining-SWety meamwes)

AGROSKIN, Anatoliy Abramovicho prof,;'MINGER,, I.L,., otv. red.; GARBIM)
T.N. , red. izd-vaj BOLOYREVAS 2-J-.2-tekla.-YM.
[Coal chemistry and technology) Khimiia i tekbnologila uglia, Mo-
skva,, Gos. naucbno-takhn. izd-vo lit-ry po gorno= dolu 1961.
251 P. (coal) I WRA 3-4:10)

ETTIN L. (Moskva)
IV---'
Natural deactivation of coals as sorbents. Izv. All SSSR. Otd.
tekh. nauk. Met. i topl. no.6;25%~167 N-D 161. (MM 14:12)
(Coal geology) (Sorbents)

EVINGER, I.L.; AFANASIYEVA, A.I.; YEFIMOVA, I.N.
Effect of contact metamorphism on the sorption properties of
Norillsk coals. Gor. i ekon. vop. razrab. ugoll. i rud. mest.
no.1:241-246 162. (MIRA 16:7)
(Noril'sk region--Coal) (Sorption)

ETTINGER) I.L.
d~gges in the structure of extracted coal during its natural
ictivation. DAL AN SSSR 142 no.1:196-199 & .162. QURA 14:12)
1. Institut gornogo dela im. A.A. Skochinskogo AN SSSR. Pred-
stavleno akademikom L.D. Shevyakovym.
(Coal) (Sorption)

ETTINGERP I.L.; MATVIYEMKO, N.G.j SHERSMOV, V.11.
Increase of the sorption activity of coa:19 of the Norillsk
deposit caused by an ore-bearing intrusion. Dokl.AN SSSR 148
no,0925-928 F 163. (KM 16W
1. Institut, gornogo dela im. A.A.Skochintikogo. Predatavleno
akademikom L.D.Shevyakovym.
(Norillsk region-Coal geology) (Sorption)

LAMBA, Ye.G. (Moskva); ETTINGIM, 1.1, (Mbskva),- 7.GJ.
.......
Determining tho methane ecntent of ilitive coaLs at pressures
up to 50 at. Izv. Ahl 8S)SP. Nlet. i gor. delo no.21LSS-191
p
1-tr-Ap'64 ~MlLk 17t8)
1. Ingtitut goimogo dela imeni A.A. 5kochbnsko~o.

ETTINGER, I.L. (Moskva); SULLA, M.B. (Tula)
Gas content in brown coals and gas 1itx)mtion In Moscow BA~;in nJ.n--,i.
Izv. AN SSSR. Met. i gor. delo no.5:159-166 S-0 16/+0
(MIR-A 18:1)
1. Institut gornogo dela, imeni A.L.Skochinalcogo i Tullokiy gornyy
inatitut.

ETTINGER, I. L.; YEREMIN, I. V.; ZIKAKOV, B. M.;-BAKALDINA, A. P.
Sorption properties of various petrographic components of foissil
coals, Dokl, AN SSSR 155 no. 2-364-367 Mr '64. (MIRA 17:5)
1. Institut gornogo dela im. A. A. Skochinakogo, Moskovskiy
geologorazvedochnyy institut im. S. Ordzhonikidze i Institut
geologii i razrabotki goryuchikh iskopAyetafth. Predstavleno
akademikom N. V. Mellnikovym.

ETTINGERY I.L.; U,I','RIYEV, A.M.; BOGFANOVA, Ye.M.; VOYTOV, G.I.
Some characteristics of the sorption properties of the anthracite
of I'-- nastern Donets Basin. Dokl. AN SSSR 156 no. 5:1099-1101
Je 164. (MIRA 17:6)
1. Institut gornogo dela im. A.A.Skochinskogo. Ilredstavleno
akademikom N.V.14ellnikovym.

ETTTNGEF 1 1.
f:'Atlaral equilibrium system "coal - methane" and the mr3thods Iflor
1'CS study. U9p. khim. 34 no.7:1185-1198 J1 165.
(MIRA .18:7)
1. Institut gornogo dela imeni A.A. Skochinskogo.

ETTINGER, I.L.; CIIAPLINSKIY, A.; W~Wi, Ye.G.; ADAMOV, V.G.
-.1 .... ... I-,.-
Comparative sorption capacity of fossil coal.-; aa compared to carbon
dioxide gas ans methane Linder preasuros ranging up to 40 atm. Do4l.
All SSSR 161 no.1:214-217 Mr 165.
(MIRil 19- 3)
1. Submitted July 4, 1964.

LIDIII, G.D.; ETTINGER, I.L.;
Gan composition and cal"acit:., of cua-1,;
coal deposits. Dokl. AN' ]~,C)
1. Institut gornogo deja i:~;. A...
i ra.,!rabotki goryuchikh AN
1964.

ETTI-0-11) K.
Radiotelephone on ---locimctric v- veg. P. 13
1
1
H'.DICAMULTC-11. ','arszaim, Pc1and. Vol. 5, no. 11, Nov. 1.0.-.5.
Monthly Liot of Fast European ace-ission ( 7AIj'j LC. Vol. 8, ',c. ';;, Su,teraber,
1r59. Uncl.

E T T P, 11GER , 1, .
Ultrashort-wave resonance meter. P. 5.
j-%-D,X To"I. (publication for anateur radio operator3. Title v-.riesi before 195h,
i~ . Iont
.adio Aviator. 1-1 lily.) ,-Iars?z~ra, P61and.
V317., no.12, Dec.1955.
Monthly list of East European ficcessions (EEAI) LC, Vol.9, .-io.1, Jan. 195'9.
Uncl.

ETTIME29 K.
ETTINGERs Ke Certain possibilities of the reception of the signals
belov the noise level. pe 15. Vol. 69 noe 19 Jan. 1956 Bleeders. p. 15
RADIOAMATCR. Waxmzawa Poland
SOURCE, East biwopean Accessions List (EEAL) Vol. 6 No. 4 April 1957

ETTINGER, K.
ETTINGER, K. Plate modulation with a clamp tube. p. 27o
Vol. 6, No. 109 Oct. 195060
RADICKATOR
TECHNOU)GY
Warszawa, Poland
So: East European Accession, Vol. 6, No. 2, Feb. 1957

ETTDIGERS K.W,i 140SCICKIS W,
Observation of the thermoelectrons by means of &,iger-4SlIer counters.
Acts, p~ysica Pol 22 nool:129-132 Jj 162.
Ist Department of Physics' Technical University,. Gdansk.

OW
C 0 U'; V- T R
C A T. i: "'T 0
AB3. JOUR. R 71
110. 1959,
AUTIJOR
R!~`JT.
Ic- . p UB .
A-3.31TRACT
CAaD:
17 2,

7 - - - - - W . 0 W, W-WI-0 - - - - - - -
1) 11 M it It 1) 10 It a) a 4 30 a 27 x 'M !a 11 L? It id A is v
a 1 1 4 60 1.
L
a r Q a I I v I I -A A& CC It t
W606" DA" lot Uvwd%lo Roni" jU with Amplidras Contmi.
1>MI,vrov and E. )- Ettinrt "41" ~O "I - "I'"' I
00 lW6.-VKTMr=rIn Hu-Ion). Ampfitlypt, vintst6 arr r.-plACH'it
wing pAuts arr ifi~cumwJ;
avatrins In nilling mill". Thr II-111
%mvit-rathms, "Itration. wul roverping of the nwt 1.v tho Ward 6,tiani
um-tbAid with an amplidy:nc-4-1.1ter, AU10131*6v rirguliittuln of thogrixmu,r
Taltar, Abe " forcing " of vanctratm dew by Lbe metIM-1 of auxthaty dry
And unzLiblo nvinanre .00
00
vxciff-r current irgu6tiom #J the .00
(Imult ajagmajo&n. R1,ji. juj;I III va,-h caw all
1.1wilsk. tw,litinna surh as olwtil Inertmas- awl rrverm- and st
00
00 31
coo
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see
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nee
so I A S 01 L &IIALLORWAt LITINATUR 9 CJASSWKATOON :0
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p :1 IF arid U99199 OlUn It It fl 1 14 10 a a j44
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of

LTTRiUh YL. L.
FA47T39
ion 1948
Amplifiers, Power
*Amplification Coefficients of Amplidynes in Elec-
tric Drive Regulation System," Ye. L. Ettinger,
-'Candidate Tech Sel, All-Uhlon Elee Sagin Inst imeni
V. I. Lenin, 4j pp
"Vast Blektro-Prom" No 1
Discusses the question of the amplification coeffl-
olent of amplidynes. DC generator has tvo types of
ooeffloients of amplification: coefficient of power
amplification, and coefficient of voltage amplifica-
tion. -Comes to several solutions for automatic
electric drive eyetma with amplitude regulation.
OW OT39

Jun 48
Regulators
., Voltage
Drivesp Electric
'Static Calculations of. than Reguie.,40a Accuracy cf'.
Rectrical Drives With ElectromechmAcal Boosters.,*
To. L. Ettinger, Cand Tech Sci, All-Union Elec Tech,
Imet imeni.T. I. Lenin, Moscow, 6 pp
OTent Zlektro-Prm~ No 6
Ti4mts subject under following headings: (1) basic
elements of a system controlled by an electric drI*!R;
(2) series connection of the circuits; (3) reaLs-
tambe and potentiometer circuits,-- (4) regulation
12AM
USSR/ElectrontcR (Contd) Jan 116
accuracy and amplifloatloa factor of the systeass
(5) effect of temperature on armature windings;
and (6) alteration of standaxd voltage.
L2/49T25

EnTINGM, Ye. L.
nhe Use of Controlled Mercury-Are Revtifiers for Electric Drives," reported in
the article "First All-Union Scientific and Technical Session on Mercury-Arc Rectifiers,"
Elektrichestvo., No. 11, 1949.
Candidate of Technical Sciencesp of the "Elaktroprivod" Trust.
Abstract W-9395, 10 Apr 1950

EMMM, YE. L. P1 171"f4Y
USSR/Electricity - Regulation Nov 50
Control Systems
"Method of Relative Units Applied to Calculating
Precision of Regulation of Static Systems in a
Steady State," Ye. L. Ettinger, Cand Tech Sci,
Elektroprivod Trust
"ElektrichestVO" No 11, PP 57-63
Introduces concept of amplification factor for re-
lative changes and examines many problems relating
to precision in regulation. Submitted. 19 Nov 49.
171T49

-V- v
EnWGIZI~Rl A4 . Ad*
,3909' -. 71he Connection Between the -Stracture of Coal
Be 1* 'ItlD Layers i~a the Phenomenon of Sudden Extrii4on of Gasse"
asid Rock. (Russim.)i 1. L Ettinger,ti, 1,,'. Slacrunbl-Ty. und
V. 3 No. 3 V, S..-TablAnv, Ugol,
Mars 195-1, Dki-mmws ncce"ity of recognizing atuctmal changos in reTtain
Mining - Engineering litym and their Impottatire,(it r(wk extruflons. Nagroms, tahles.
.1 Id,
(3D

A)64;f Ive7- L
A ID P - 2000
Subject USSR/Electricity
Card 3/2 Pub. 27 - 4/31
Authors Ettinger, Ye. L., Kand. of Tech. Sci., Chalyy, 0. V.,
Eng., ana ulum, Ye. M., Eng.
Title Experimental installation of an electronic excitation
system at a high capacity hydroelectric power station
Periodical : Elektrichestro, 4, 16-23, Ap 1955
Abstract : The authors describe a system with mercury rectifiers
used for the excitation of a 55,000-kw water-wheel
generator at one of the Mosenergo hydroelectric power
stations. Similar installations were tested for a
3,000-kw turbogenerator at a Mosenergo steam electric
powpr station, and for a 30,000-kva synchronous
conoenser. The tests confirmed the high qualities of
field control with,metal tank mercury are rectifiers,
namely: a) the high rate of a-c voltap response;
W the rapid exciter fieldextinction (in less than 1
see) without breaking the Withding circuit;

I Elektrichestro, 4, 16-23, Ap 1955 AID P - 2000
Card 2/2 Pub. 27 - 4/31
c) an increase of the "rigidity" (continuity of response)
of the regulation system, and d) the high dependability,
simplioity and ease of operation of the system.
Fifteen photographs and diagrams.
Institu.tion:--Trust "ELEKTROPRIVOD" and plant "URALELEKTROAPPARAT".
Submitted : N 26, 1954

Subject i MBR/Xleotricit7
Card 1/2 Pub, 27 - 16/25
AID P - 3261
Authors Ittingerp Is. L.j Kand. Tech. Soi., and Tu. A. Shmayn,, Ing.
Title s Using current transformers for measurements in networks with
rectifiers
Periodical i Zlektrichestvo, 9. 71-739 S 1955
Abstract The authors demonstrate that under certain conditions secondary
currents of current transformers my considerably differ from
primary ones due to the saturation of the core. They give some
examples of tests with transformers with cores made of a permalloy
type of material and cores of steel. They found that the
permalloy type transfox re (the HTT-1 and UTT-5 types) are not
suited for measurements in rectifier circuits at 50 cycles, while
those idth steel acres (of TU-20/5 type) give relatively small
arrore. Three diagram.

AID P - 3261
ziektricbewtvog 91 71-73, 5 1955
Card 2/2 Pub. 27 - 16/25
Institution % "llektroprivod" and the Central Scientific Research Electrical
Engineering Laboratory of the YAnistry of Electric Power Stations.
Submitted : * 149 1955

ETTINGER, Ye.L., kandidat tekhnicheskikh nauk; RZYNOOLID, TVA, inzhener.
-
,7--, . -
Xxperlmental Investigation of the dynamic characteristics of the
rotary amplifier and the calculation of its parameters. BlektricheatTo
no.3:13-23 Mr t56. (KIM 9:6)
l.TvIB OllektropriTod" Hinisterstvo alektroproVehlennosti.
(Rotating amplifiers)

ZTMTIILNG& XA-L., kandidat tekhnicheskikh na-uk; GMKIN, B.M.. kandidat
i=echeskikh nauk; Borodavchenko, P.M., inzhener.
Present-day systems of rectifier drives. Ilektrichestvo no.9:
32-38 S 136. 1 (KLU 9: 11)
l.TSentrallnoyo konstruktorskoye byuro "Ilektroprivod" Minister-
stya, elektropromyshlennosti.
(Mercury~aro rectifiers)

GLUKH, Ye.M.; CHALYY, G.V*; RMINGBR, Ye.L.
Ionic system for the excitation of hydrogenormitors. Blektroallo
no.14:35-40 156. (MDU 12:12)
(Ilectric generators)

v
GUTKIN, B.N., kandidat takhnichookikh nauk; ETTINGER, Ye.L., kandidat tekhai- I
cheskikh nauk. mm"WwAmmem
Peak choks for regulating electronic instruments. Vest.olektroprom.
27 iko.1:26-32 Ja 156. (MIRA 9:6)
(Electronic apparatus and appliances)(Blectric controllers)

CRALTr, G,V., inzhener; ITTINGn, Te#L.. kandidat toldmicheakikh nauk; GLUHj
N~
TO.M., inzhener. -"'
Ilectronic excitei for generators at the Kuybyshev Hydroelectric Power
Station. Test. elektroprou.27 no.2:40-50 F 156. (mk 9:7)
1.23entrallnoye konstruktorskoye 'bjwo.RIlektroprivodO Ministeretva
alektroprouyahlennosti.
(Blectric generators)

~JODE -IN CM UITS 0 F REC-1.1 5 ly, R - a TjP
ar-i p
do-S. In
clrcuit3 fu! ,MtxvrTmr4 [A-~=acstns), iormtm t-n~3
Jol 1~1 signt.13 tra cmt-ldzzed and Itlv-,erizl tn,4 a"rMimt*t
Mrs us d ft Oletroot o L-1 4,Ut t"c LA 04 (frat modal' E-M
PTO cc "'sidatorle- tmtlftter zmWrwt p-waiNd by it apectil
sottl pmlhl,* Ib-
ftgulai~? OM"W!= U-Odts =y I!S,~ be "2d as wupUflars. Ttm-
%M"1,11.r &Ad t44 CX~ ra
j tjor. Ja Coat
-thn are' radswe"d W.12t rs!8f*&-frtv-
-rarlwo
the mitching'O awr c'st-OzactArwea. An ie4arrV-E-4;mu*a of O's
CC-Utrial A7$ttfa'=I~ be kri "I
of t a ipVJ la, vlE. ty r.!=
iq ux
z Ifixnir-6 M)Lgmetlc amp,t.'*gr of a Me rtti. ablilze
LA the r"Se d rA;,LUvs corrroWng "Uages (v:rrents). or by
ralactrLe Lps(tad d at Me cmroUU~g vA
raritaliag slamls ty Wertine a gawk-aad=tar.type racti-isr Lito
tha corarol wIndims, whWhIls thMby blasel. A two-tuga Lalf-rzvv
elintrontc wpl,rL-2r watt is Eiw* desprUxid
1,~rthet expurLmental tTpe~s dL%c red Lrt Mo-imp Ampo -
ft~ ra to oparata w" two alometrotc coavartort, a,~ :4 r rldj~
mpchl- ar.6 lUt drl,,cm.
IM

a(2); 28(l) ?HASS I BOOK UnOrTATION SOV/1433
Soveshchansle po am-tosiatizirovannowu olaktroprivoillperamennogo
t0sm, "scow. 1955
Trudy... (Trenaactions of the Conference on Automated A-C
Ilectric Driv*s) Moscow, Itil-vo AN SSSR. 1958. 358 P.
4.000 40PICS printed.
SponsorimS Agoncyt Akxdezlya nauk SSS)t. Institut avt*aatW I
tolemelabLnIkI.
Is@ Zd - V.S. ltul*bakin, Academician. and X.G. ChIIIXIn
9;at:: ar Techalcal sciences. Professor; Ed. of publishing
House% D.14. laffel Toth. Zd.t I.T. ruz-m1r.
CCVMtA=t The conrorence was Organized on the Initiative of
thO lastitute cJr Automation and Telonechanics or tn* Academy
of sciences, tLLS3, and t1w Moscow Power EneirearIng Inati-
tutd and hoA as its a1m the planning of the most proSressive
my& or C*valo;L~ Automatic cantrot. or electric driv*s- The
first 406:1ferenea on the subject of autociated electric drive
too-. Act* Licre t!xan ton yea" before the present Q.W "
was concerned wIttk d-c electric drives. The reaults 0.1 this
eciareronce, were fount to be most val-JAbl* I-% the task of r*_
building poetwax 3oviot Industry and intUrtherlnG Industrial
development. Present technical development of Soviet industry
demands high sprods, BLXPIIClty Of Oon3trilQtlon. reliability
of operstionaxid economy. The Iquirrel-:age Induction motor
with frequency control appears to be the most Promising type
of oontralled &-a drive. For wide appli ation of this drive
In the Soviet economy there Is a need of developing now tn**
of frequency scovert*rs. Some Intorsa-.Ing studio& were made
I& tALs connection at the Institute of Automation &rA Tole-
mchanles, of the U= Academy or sciences and Its rAnLngred
bran", at the Moscow Power Zriginaering Institute. tn* Contr&1
Dwelva Bureau of the *Zlektroprivod Plant, the State !)*sign
IftatItute Of tbo Ministry of Construction or the R3PS1t. And
In other design organIxAtions. These studies war* discussed
at the Present con:*Zvnoo. The tm-isactions contain material
concerning the theory and design Of reactor. pulse. and
frequency methods or controlling &-a electric drives.
ftodIdato of' Technical sciences I.T. Utkin and ZnSlneer V.A.
Kokorwva Participated in the prop ration or this collection
or papers. The volume was roviow:d by Professor Ya. V. 111tusov,
Doct,or of Teennicel sciences. Sam of the papers include a
bibliography.
TABLZ OF CONTPIMs
*Now
-141150r, 1~-- L- CarAldata of Technical Sciences. R.C_
tlTr0_F-r-'19Fr_rn_Jaectric Drives
Work On stages for electric drive re- 143
""10" st&rt~d In 1937 at, the VZ1 (All-Union
Xlectrleal Znglno*rlng Znstltute) with the pub
IleatIon of an articl. by '.1 alltAYOV and YO:
I.- Jttt1nger,:M~. circuits Of 7,hyratron Actors", 1.
Mr 1. X937, r the "V*:tniktoloktrOPrc=Yahl.r...til.
3L`gl1,tnOd* rectifier or he MN-200 type Were
=O= In JS40_1~41. The first lots Of the PJM'V-
As Rmly-5001t; rectifiers were Produced In 1943.
cordinx to the Author. the first Industrial Instal-
latlOn In the world 3r a r*ctirlor stage was pro-
dueed by the VZ1 and the TsZM for the Speed ,%g-
latlon or a 8840-kv Induction 'motor for the rinlsnlng
I Ins, f
- c W -Aat S-Ii-t .n
1950 fOr the Chel,.blii,kly 4tion was bull
(ChOlYnb3noic Metallurgical AwtallurgIch4sklY 9-1od
such Installation Plant),and Several other
The author give, a wGre built In subsequent years.
and equips,., It ft d*acrlptton or a rtcttfler stage
th other systems of ~,#Gtrlo drive
mgmlatl*n- Pa2'tleularly with 'AT-V systems or ru,.,
r*ctlflfrm f**41A& a d-c AftOr- On the basis or recoj%t
too to or ro*ttrl*r Stages made At the Gla,s;*tsgt&,.
Pl"t�. the author concludes
aulvilloot to tr,, 61tv.Dr, that rectifier -tag*s am
:rfle I&Oey, and Systems as concerns Cost.
:011o S--Or factor. With respect to energy
t uw"'On Ver ton or finished PrOduct-rect1flor
The Author recommor4m tn. us*
r0l"lattan of nonreversible

SOV/110-59-7-10/19
AUTHORS: Ye.L. Ettinger G V Chalyy, Ye.M. Glukh, Ya.N. Shtrafunj
"P.m., `Ip'atov'~' ?da-aadidates of Technical Sciences), and
Yu.1. Shmayn, (Engineer).
TITLE: Valve Excitation of Synchronous Alternators and
Compensators (Ventillnoye vozbuzhdeniye sinkhronnykh
generatorov i komponsatorov)
PERIODICAL: Vestnik elektropromyshlemlosti?1959,Nr 7,PP 41-48 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Discharge-valve exciters provide a choap means of
improving the stability of supply from power stations.
Grid-controlled rectifiers can easily give four- or five-
fold field-forcing with very high rates of voltage rise
and low control power. This is partii::ularly useful in
hydro-electric power stations. By using regulators that
respond to the power and to its rate of change in
combination with high-speed excitation the stability of
hydro-alternators can be greatly increased without having
greatly to reduce the machine reactance or increase its
flywheel effect. High-speed excitation is less essential
in turbo-generators working on shorter transmission lines
Card 1/9 but machine exciters are already becoming unsatisfactory,
because with unit outputs of 200 - 300 MW the field

BOV/110-59-7-10/19
Valve Excitation of Synchronous Alternators and Compensators
current can be up to 3000 A at about 500 V. It is
difficult to design shaft-driven exciters of this rating
with double forcing. On the other handq separately-
driven exciters are much less reliable, so that rectifier
excitation is to be preferred. Rectifier exciters also
offer advantages for synchronous condensers. With
independent excitation circuits as shown in Fig la the
rectifier is supplied from a separate alternator usually
mounted on the main alternator shaft. The application of
this system to a hydro--alternator is shown in the left-
hand side of the composite drawing in Fig 2i the right-
hand side shows an alternator with an ordinary machine
exciter. The alternator field current is regulated by
grid control of the rectifier. Self-excitation circuits
for alternators are shown in Figs lb, v and Z. The first
is analogous to shunt excitation of a d.c. generator;
the other two correspond to compound excitation of a d.c.
generator. These circuits use voltage-boosting
transformers, their primaries connected in series with
Card 2/9 the generator output. The transformers have large air-
gaps so that the secondary voltage is proportional to the

SOV/110-59-7-10/101
Valve Excitation of Synchronous Alternators and Compensators
primary current. The voltages on the anodes of the
rectifiers are proportional to the geometrinal sum of
the voltages on the generator busbars and on the
secondary windings of the booster transformers. The
main generator field Is main.11y 'rogulated by grid contiol.
A fourth circuit, shown Jn Fig Id, has been developed t,-)
reduce the nimber rof rotating machines. It is an
independent excitation oir(,uit with self --exci tation of
the waxillary generator. This circuit has the advantage
that the auxiliary generator has no exciter and so Is
smaller, but starting .:onditions are somewhat more
complicated. Whea parallel self-excitation is used, the
voltage applied to the rectifiers falls on the oevarrence
of the short-circuit. However, when h1gh-speed
protection and circuit-break-ers are used~ field-forUng
may be delayed until the short-circuit is cleared without
impairing in practice the dynamic stability of the
generator. For such cases, the circuit of Fig lb may be
used, but special steps must be taken to provide
Card 3/9 auxiliary supply to the re--tifie-2s during short.-circuits.
This system is likely to be used for synchronous

sov/110-59-7-10/19
Valve Mccitation of Synchronous Alternators and Compensators
condensers and for alternators operating on relatively
short transmission lines. For the highest dynamic
stability making the fullest use of field-forcingg the
shunt circuits of Figs 1v and g should be used. When a
short-circuit occurs the booster transformers give
additional voltage which ensures the necessary field-
forcing. The costs of the different systems are briefly
compared. In all the ' above-mentioned circuits, the valves
may be connected in different ways. IP the field-forcing
factor is not greater than 2j it will probably be advisable
to use ordinary rectifier circuits, as shown in Figs 3a,
b and v. In the circuits of Figs" a and (1, valves
connected to tappings from part of the secondary winding
of the rectifier transformer provide generator excitation
under normal conditions; and valves supplied by the whole
secondary winding of the rectifier transformer provide
field-forcing. Circuits with two series-connected
groups of valves are shown in Fig 3v. Here the valves
are divided into a cathode group and an anode group. If
Card 4/9 these are suitably controlled it may be arranged thatj
under normal conditions of operation, the anode gruap of

SOV/110- 9--7-10/19
Valve Excitation of Synchronous Alternators and Ccmpensators
valves is almost fully open and the cathode group operates
under invertor (conditions so that its rectified voltage
is negative. The overall rectified voltage is the
algebraic sum of the voltages of the anode and cathode
groups. During field-forc.-ing botK groups are fully open
and during field suppress-1or, both gzuaps operate under
invertor condl,tions. The different methods of
connecting the valves affect; -',-he output of the sapply
transformer or auxiliary generator) the r.m.s. and peak
values of the valve current and the back voltage on the
valve. The graphs in Figs Ir and 5 show of tbe
relationship betwe-;n the output of the transformer or
auxiliary generator and of the hack voltage on the valve
under normal conditions as a function of the field-forcing
factor for various -valve supply circaits. With high
forcing-factors the circuit with two groups of valves
connected In parallel or series is best. Considerations
governing the choice of the ~Arcuit are briefly d9scribed.
Rectifier grid control Arcuits are then described. Grid-
Card 519 control phase regulators may be of the induction or static
types. The latter comprise a bridge, two arms of which

SOV/110-59-7-10/19
Valve Excitation of Synchronous Alternators and Compensators
are formed by transformer windings, the third by a
constant resistance and the fourth by a variable
inductance which is a saturating choke. The phase angle
is varied by altering the auxiliary excitation of the
choke, which may be done directly by the automatic
voltage controller of the generator. Rectifier exciters
require very little control power and are practically
without inertia and so the automatic voltage controllers
may be relatively simple. Test results with rectifier
excitation are then described. Extensive tests were made
on a 55 MW hydro-alternator using various circuits for
considerable periods, and good agreement was found
between test results and design figures. The rate of
rise of field voltage during forcing is of the order of
75 - 80 Wsec, and the ma imum voltage is reached in
less than a single cycle of the power frequency, as will
be seen from the oscillogram drawn in Fig 6. The
oscillogram in Fig 7 relates to field-forcing and
suppression on a hydro-alternator of the V-31ga power
Card 6/9 station: tile high operating speed will be noticed.
Field suppression by operating the rectifier under

SOV/110-59-7-10/19
Valve Excitation of Synchronous Alternators and Compensators
invertor conditions ensures rapid reduction in the
generator field without any switching in the rotor
circuit; an oscillogram for this case Is shown in Fig 8.
Those in Figs 9 and 10 relate to sudden loading and
unloading. Developments in the manufacture of semi-
conductor rectifiers may lead to their use for machine
excitatiorL particularly if a reliable source of
alternating nurrent is availabla. Three-phase inductor-
type high-frequency generators (WO - 500 c/sec) for
induction heat4ng or machines with permanent magnet
rotors may be used as such sources of reliable supply.
Fig 11 shows the schematic circ-.uit diagram of an
experimental Installation for exciting a 30 MW t-arbo-
alternator. The high-frequency alternator has two field
windings on the stator; the main winding is self-excited.
The auxiliary winding is supplied independently from an
auxiliary high-frequency exciter with permanent magnet
rotor and is intended for initial excitation, adjustment
of the system and additional excitation during forcing.
Card 7/9 The operation of the circuit is described, Prolonged
tests on the equipment revealed its good static and

SOV/110-59-7-10/19
Valve Excitation of Synchronous Alternators and Compensators
dynamic characteristics. Tests with short-circuits on the
generator terminals were made at reduced voltage to
determine the compounding effect of the free current in
the rotor. The rate of rise of voltage on the rotor slip-
rings was 8 times the initial value per second. The
development of high-frequency generators for use with
semi-conductor rectifier systems has resulted in designs
which may be used as auxiliary generators in systems with
Valve rectifiers. The largest hydro-alternators are now
being designed with valve excitation. Valve and semi-
conductor rectifier systems are being developed for the
excitation of turbo-alternators of 200 and 300 W. 'New
synchronous condensers of 75 MVA are provided with valve
rectifier excitation. Further developments are expected
to include the use of air-cooled pumpless rectifiers,
improved grid control circuits and new automatic field
regulators with amplidynes and tTansistors replacing
valves and thyratrons. Further experience with rectifier
Card 8/9 excitation is still required but it can already be
concluded that the use of high-speed excitation systems

SOV/110-59-7-10/19
Valve Excitation of Synchronous Alternators and Compensators
on synchronous alternators and condensers operating on
long transmission lines increases the power throughput
by approximately 10%. The size and weight of hydro-
alternators may be reduced when these exciters are used,
so cutting the cost by 20%.
There are 11 figures and Soviet references.
Card 9/9

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S/194/61/000/007/050/079
D201/D305
AUTHORS: Ettinger,.Ye.L. and Ivanova, 11.1.
TITIE: Equalizing currents in reversible gas-filled conver-
ters
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal. Avtomatika i radioelektronika,
no. 7, 1961, 24, abstract 7 E146 (Vestn. elektro-
prom-sti., 1961, no, 1, 57-59)
TEXT: The equalizing current W (UT) loads both the rectifier
and transformer windings resulting in additional losses. They are
limited by chokes, serving also in certain cases as filters for the
rectified current ripple. Methods are given for evaluating the
equalizing currents and choosing the parmeters of chokes for limit-
ing them. The expression for the effective value of the equalizing
current Teff is given as Teff 2 VDk/(j L where Vo - the phase voltage
of the transformer, ci - angular frequency, L - inductance, k - a
factor determined from the curves produced and depending on the reg-
Card 1/2

S/194 61/000/007/050/079
Equalizing currents... D A05
ulation angle of the rectifying system for different converter cir-
cuits. The circuit inductance required for limiting the equalizing
current ia'determined from the given allowable value of current and
from k. Two variants of choke design are possible: 1) When the
chokes do not saturate at the max. working currents and 2) When
they are not saturated by the e qualizing current, but are saturated
by the working current. Variants of circuits are given of rever-
sible converters. f-Abstracter's note: Complete translatio-1.12
Card 2/2

ETTINGER9 Ye,L., kand.tekhn.naukj IVANGVA, M.I.
Equalizing currents in reversive ionic converters. Vest. elektroprom.
32 no.1:57-59 ja f61. (MIRA 14;3)
(Electric current converters)

GLUKH, ye.m.,_kand.teIhn.nauki ETTINGER, Ye.L, kand.teldni.nauk;
CHALYX, G.V. , kand.tekhn.nauk; S11MYN, Yu.P., inzh.
Testing of the Lnie self-excitation system of a largo hydro-
generator. Vest. elektroprom. 32 no.!].:-4-9 N 161. (MIIb% 14:11)
(Turbogenerators)

ETTINGER, Ye.L., -kand.takhn.nauk
Features of the development of large ionic drives.
Vest. elektroprom. 33 no.10:1-10 0 162. (11IRA 15:9)
(Electric driving)
(Electric current rectifiers)

-GLUKHp Ye.M., kELnd.tekhn.nauk; ZEMLYANOY, Tu.M., inzh.;
ETTINGER$ kand.takhn.nauk
Ionic exditers in the hydrogenerdtors of the Bratak
Hydroelectric Power Station. Vest. elektroprmi. 33
no.10: 15-22 0 162. (MIRA 15:9)
(Bratsk hydroelectric power statfLon)
(Turbogenerators)

ETTINGER, Ye.L.,, kand.takhn.nauk
An electronic drive with a collectorless motor. Elaktrichentvo
no.2t42-50 F 163. (MIRA 16:5)
1. Vaesoy-uznyy nauchno-iseledovatellskiy instLtut elektromekhaniki.
(Electric motors)

_MINGER, re.L., kand.tekhn.nauk; GLUKH, Ye.M., kand.-tekhn.nauk;
GOLIDIN, R.G., inzh.; TITOV, V.V., kand.tekhri.nauk; NZYMAN, Z.B.,
inzh.
Concerning L.V.Rcpman's article. VeBt. elektroprom. 34 no.l:
62-64 Ja 163. (MIRA 16a)
(Electric generators) (Rosman, L.V.)