SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT ENTIN, G.M. - ENTIN, R.I.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000412120007-4
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: January 3, 2017
• Document Release Date: July 27, 2000
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

ENTIN, G.M.
Characteristics of the mental disorders in cerebral athero.
sclerosis in combination with alcoholism. Trudy Gos.nauch-
isel.inst.poikh. 25z47-74 t6l. (MIRA 15:12)
1. Klinika Bosudistykh psikhozov (zav. - prof. V.M.Banshchikov)
Gosudarstvennogo nauchno-isaledovateliskogo Instituta
paikhiatrii Ministerstva zdravookhraneniya RSFSR.
(ALCOHOLISM) (CMMUL ARTERIOSCLEnOSIS) (MENTAL ILLNESS)

SAVCHUK, V.I., kand.med.nauk; GROMDVA,, V.V., mladshiy nauchw sotrudnik;
E.NTIN, G.M.,, mladshly nauchnyy sotrudnik
Data from a clinical and pathophysiological study of the
therapeutic action of dicoline in the treatment of vascular
diseases of the brain with mental disorders; report No. 2.
Trudy Goo.nauch-issl.inst.paikh. 25052-367 161. (MIRA 15:12)
1. Klinika sosudistykh psikhozov (zav. - prof. V.H.Banshchikov)
i otdel patofiziologii vysshey nervnoy deyatellnosti (zav. -
prof Yu.N.Uspenekly) Gosudarstvennogo nauchno-isoledovateltakogo
instituta-poikhiatrii Ministerotva zdravookhraneniya RSFSR.
(DICOLINE) (MENTAL ILLNESS) (CEREEROVASCUlAR DISEASE)

ENTIN, G.M. (Ho-sima-)
Effect of relapses in alcoholism on the vascular system fol-
loving antAbuoe therapy. Trudy Goa* nauch.-issl* inst* psikh.
38t122-129 t63 (MIM 16:11)

E~TIN M , kand. mod. nauk; FEDOTOV, D.D., prof... otv. red.;
t,S~~
LUKOMSKIY, I.I.p prof.) red.
Corganizatiomi problems in the control of alcoholism;
methodological materials] Organizatsionrwe voprosy
bor'by a alkogolizmom; metodicheskie materialy. Mo-
skvap 1965. 38 P. (MIRA 18:8)
1, Gosudarstvennyy nauchno-issledovatellskiy institut
psikhiatrii. 2. Direktor Gouudarstvennogo nauchno-
issledovateliskogo insti-tuta psikhiatrii MinIsterstva
zdravookhraneniya RSFSR (for Fedotov).

EW T IN) ~-' yo,
WIN, G.
Now high-temperature lubricant. Prolsy, smas. mt. no.3.,24-25 157.
(min 10912)
1, Isningradekly neftemselosavod Im. Shaumyana.
(Imbrication and Mricants)

41
Id
'1H
all;

S/081/62/000/011/041/057-
E202/E192
AUTHORs Ent
TITLE: Lubricant for rolling mill equipment
PERIODICALt Referativnyy zhurnal,_Kh0miya, notll, 1962, 520
abstract 11 M,217. (Novosti nef:t. i gaz. tekhn.1
Neftepererabotka i neftekhimiya, no,3i 1961.,.27-32)-
TEXT: A new lubricant, no-78, was developed and designated
for the friction points of rolling-mills. It was prepared by
thIckening the-d1stillate oil "Industrial 5011 (machine type C!f
(SU)) based on*Na soaps of the synthetic fatty acids.(6.4%)
C17 __C20 of the Shebakin-skiy kombinat (Shebakino Combine),
containing castor oil.(.1.6%) and 6olophony (0-7~)- ~The lubricant
has a smooth structure, is-stable, has good anti-seizure
propertieB9 and distributes itself easily in the lubrication
ducts. It secures reliable lubrication of the points of friction
in rolling mill equipment and other heavily loaded aggregates.
The lubricant is capable of working in.the r"ge -20 to +120 $C;
Card 1/2.

Lubricant for rolling mill equipment S/081/62/000/011/041/057
E202/E192
from -20 to 100-110 *C the lubricant works as a grease. With
the increase of temperature it melts without demulsification
and retains its lubricating properties in its liquid state.
Lubricant no-78 is recommended iA place of lubricant An -1 (ip-l)
which does not form the necessary lubricating film during its
Use#
Complete translatio
~Abatractorls note: nj

6-vM NnW A
CODS i --~R/031i~7C~T66o-/o64/0-0-2-7~/,0-0-3-0'-',
AUTHORt Entin, 0. Ya, 64%)
I , 1. 41, 6
ORG: Laninarad Petroleum Oil Plant im. Shaumyan (Leningradskiy neftemaslozavod)
TITIZ: Synthetic lubricant for electric machines
SOURCESt Neftepererabotka i neftekhimiyal no. 49 1966, 27-3o
TOPIC TAGS: greasev soap / LZ-117 grease 11
ABSTRACT: LZ-117v a synthetic sodium-e2tassium-zinc greased has been developed at the
Leningrad Plant im. Shauryan klaningradskV zavod). Its fat base consists of 12%
acid of the fraction C20 and above and 14~ of an oxidized fraction of diesel fuel.
Sodium soaps are the main thickening agents,, with potassium Ind zinc soaps presen~,as
admixtures. The mineral base is a mixture Of AV sRindls oilland 50 industrial oil"in
tho proportion of 311. The mechanical stability oj~ ~Wl$was determined at 500.
Changes in this and other properties during storage were studied over a period of 16
months. Although the changes were appreoiables they remained within the allowed lim-
its. Performance tests of LZ-117 showed that after its service the lubricant was st:M
usable. The microstruoture of LZ-117 was analyzed by x-ray and electron diffraction
techniques. The results of laboratory and performance tests indicate that the use of
mixed soaps as the thickening agent for mineral oils has permitted the development of
Card 1/2
Di
VDCt.

L 45676-66
I-ACC -NR~--Al
a grease needed by the eleatric industry. Orig. art. has$ 1 figure and 2 tables.
SUB COM Ii/ SU13M DATFt none
,fv
0

&NTIN, 1. A.
DITIN, I. A. -- "Using Waste Heat from Rural Electric Power Stations for
the Heat Supply to Agricultural Industry*" Joint Academic Council,,
All-Union Sci Res Inst of Mechanization of Agriculture (VIM) and
All-Union Sci Res Inst of Electrification of Agriculture (VIESKh).
Moscow, 1955- (Dissertation for the Degree of Candidate in
Technical Sciences)e
So.s Knizhnqa Letopist., No. 2,, 1956.

IBIN, L,Ye.; GAMIN, A.M.; GILINSKIT. A.M.; GORNOVESOV, G.T.; ZIAUOVSKIY.
A,P,; KAUYWo-B.X.; KISBM, N.Av; KULIXOT, ?.To.; LEVIN, X.S.;
SLAVINj K#P.; SMIHNOVo B,V.; SHUNT. V.I.; SMWOTA. I.S...
TARA V. To - CE3BOTAJW, Val.; SHATS, To L.- ENTIN I.A
IOSIPWi S.G,; redaktor; SARK SUNg A.M., rodaki-or; SHIRUSKIT,
K*D,.' redaktor; TXPLITSXIT, U.S. redaktor; XOMAROVAO VA., redaktor;
GURSVIM, X.M., tekhnicheekiy redaktor.
[Rules for the operation of electric Installations in rural areas]
PraYIU takhnlchaskol okepluatatell sel'skikh elaktroustanovok.
Moskva, Go@, izd-vo sellkhos. lit-ry, 1957. 183 p. (MIRA 10W
l"RUGGia (1923- U.S.S.R.).Glvanoya upravleniye sellskikh elektro-
Ollectric'Power plants) (Electricity in agriculture)

LOBANOT, Yasiliy likiforovich; SAZONOV. Nikolay Alekseyevich; VOROVYZV.
Vesiliy Yedorovich; MUS. Mikhail Yeftmovich;.OILIMIT, losif
Abramovich, IW%Q61111 Irk-&A OwAwl BY$Xff. D.Ta., ridaktor;
RAKOV, S.I., takhni-c
[Rural electrician] Jilaktromakhanik sellakith alaktroustanovok*
Moskva. Vnessuchabno-pedagog.W-vo Trvdreservisdat, 1957. 454 P.
Ollectric engineering) (MLRA 10%9)

I-JNT3 -Astakhnonauk
Power and heat production at rural steam power plants. Makh.
i slak.oote.oallkhos. no.4:31 36 157. (MIRA 12:4)
I., VBesoyuxW nanchno-ionledovatel'Bkly institut elekbrifikateil.
sellskogo khotyaystvas
(Blectric power plants)

XNEN, I.A.,, kand.tekhn.nauk
,
.
.
al method of deterninlvg characteriatioe of steam
Ana2
ti c
y
eadnes. [Hauchotrady) VIA= 3:397-426 158.
(MIRA 13:4)
(storm engines)
. -i~
, w2.
i

SMS. Tafim LIvovich; INTIN, Isaak Arkadlyevichl SHKOLIBIXOT, A.B.,
red,; PIVZ I T.I., te-M-a-6C.~
[Power equipment of "pair and supply stations and state
farml arrangement. operation, ahd repair] Inergosilovoo 6~ora-
dowwW~6 I sovkhosovl ustroistva. okepluatataila I renout.
Moskva. Goswisd-vo sallkhos.lit-ry. 1959. 351 p. (MIRA 12t8)
'(Electric power plants-Equipment and *up Ues)
~Repair-and,supply stations) (State farmU

MIRGOVANTSET, Y.T., kand.tekhn.nauk; TURASOT, T.T., kand.takhn.nauk;
ALMUR, Sh.M., kand.tekhn.nauk; ANERIANCT. T.H., doktor takhn.
nauk; ASTAFITM, N.N., kand.takhn.nauk; BUDZKO. 1.I., akodemik;
BYMITSKIY, D.N., kand.tekhn.nauk; VBTALIS. B.S., kana.takhn.
nauk; GrRSHBIRGO T.Y., inzh.; GORSHKOT, Te.M., inzh.,,, CIRI-
CHUSKIT, I.Th., inzh.-. ZALHARIN, A.G., doktor takhn.nauk;
MATKOVMT. A.P., kand.tekhn.nauk; IOSIPTAN, S.G., inzh.;
'ITSKOYIGH, A.H.0 doteent; KAUMN, B.M., Insh.-, KVITKO, M.N.,
Inshe; NORSHUNOT, A,P,v insh.; VIVIN, H.S., kand.takhn.nauk;
LOBANOV, Y.N., dotoent; LITTIMMO, A.F., inzh.: MMOT,
G.P.. insh.; PIRMTKA, P.Ta.. lmnd.takhn.nauk; PRONNIKOTA,
Nei,, kana.tekhn.nauk; SHIRNOT, B.Y., kand.tekhn.nauk; FATTU-
SHMO, S.G., inzh.; KHORM, Y.Y., inzh.; SHCHATS, Te.L.,
kend. takhn.nauk; NBIN, L.Te. , doktor takhn.nauk;
.kand.takhn.nauk; SILIN, Y.B., red.-. SIMTAUSKIT, V.A., red.;
BALLOD, A.I., tokhn.red.-, SKIRNOYA, Te.A., tekhn.red.
THandbook pertaining to the production and distribution of
Olectrioity in agriculture] Spravochnik po proizvodstvu, I
respredelonliu elektricheekol energii v sel'skom khoziaistve.
Moskva, Gos.izd-vo selikhoz.lit-ry, 1959. 900 p. (MIRA 13:2)
l.Yeasoyunaya akademl a seltakokhoxyaystyennvkh nauk imeni
T.I.Lenina (for.Budsko5,
(Rural slootrification)

LOBANDY, Vaoiliy Nikiforovich; BAZONOV, Nikolay Alaksayevich; BZMS,
Mikhail Yefimovich; GILINSKIY, losif Abramovich; INTIN, Isask
Arkad~Zsviqhj_VOROB'IW, T.F., nauchnyy red.; dMUMaRRIOU-,
L.I-osrsd.; MEMINA, G.A., red.; IMMA OV, V.S., red.; TCM,
A.M., tekhn.red,
[Blectrician of rural electrical systems) Zlektromakhanik
sel'skikh elaktroustanovok, Moskva, Vaas.uchsbno-pedagog.izd-vo
Proftekhizdat, 1960, 548 Pe WRA 14a)
(Blootricians--Hand'books, manuals. ate.)
(Blectric power distribution)

RiTITIP I.A. PrInimal uchastAye BODCHEMKO, L.I.p Wind. tcHui. nauk
- - ~ z ~ ".,
(means for tile tnmpor&x7 heating and dryIng of billdinga
under construction] Sredstva vremennogo obogreva I susl2ki
etroiashchikhaia zdan1l, Ylockvap Strohzlat, 1964. 102 p.
(MIRA 17:9)

ENTINO I.A. -
supplying gas to agricultural areas. Gaz. prom. 10 no.8:20-22 165.
(MIRkl8iq)

WV/81-~59-9-3280
Translation froms Reforativnyy thurnal, Khimlya,, 1959, Nr 9, pp 478 - 479 (USSR)
AUTHORSt Entin, 1.0., Silantlyeva, A.G., Gostunakaya, IN.,-Khromov, S.I
TITLE: An Investigation of the Group Chemical Composition of L1.3ht Oil of
Kerosene Pyrolysis
PMUODICAL:. V 9b.s Sostav 1 evoyatva neftey I benxino-kerosinovykh fraktaly.
Moscow, AS USSR, 1957, pp 417 - 427
ABSTRACT: The group composition of 2 light oils of -kerosene pyroly3is (I and 11)
has been studied. Diolefines (with conjugated double barids) were
separated by heating with malslo anhydride (4 hours, boiling in
ainpoules). For the determination of aromatic hydrocarbons (H) with
unsaturated side chains and of the nature of unsaturated H after
elimination of diolefines, hydrogenation of the oils I and II and
the fractions of oil I of up to 95, 95 - 122, 122 - 150, 150 - 175J.
>1750C was carried out under soft conditions (skeleton 11TI-oatalyst,
usual temperature),, as well as sulfonation before and afttr hydro-
Card 1/2 genation. The content of paraffins and naphthenes was ditermined

SOV/81-59-9-32804
An Investigation or the Group Chemical Composition or Light Oil or Kero3ane
Pyrolysis
from the anilin points of the fractions. It has been established that -,he content
of aromatic H of unsaturated nature is 12.5 and 10.5%,.aromatic H of sa:~urated
nature 71.5 and 78.5, paraffin H 3.5 and 1.6, naphthene H 3.0 and 1.4, o:Leflnea
2.5 and 3.5, cycloolefines 3.0 and 3.0, diolefines with conjugated boadc, 4.0 and
1.5.
Ye. Pokrovskaya
Card 2/2

LIKHORADOV, A.P.1 ENTIN, I.I.; TALAN, G.I.
.....a.. MOMWAO
Improving the quality of minter is an Important potentlality
for increasing iron production. Met. I gornorud. prom. no.11
15-18 Ja-F 164. (KW 17:10)
kw

Mmm" 16 1.
Higb-accuracy surveyor's N8 l9vel. Moskva., Izd-vo geodezzicheskoi i kartograficheskoi
lit-17, 1953. 118 p. (Goodezicheskie instrurnenV i pribory) (54-43467)
TA565.E5

DOMROXHOTOT. Turly Sergeyevich-, TROITSKIT, Boris Vladimirovich: - - T-T- --
redaktor; VASILOYNTA, V.I., redaktor; SEMMIT, I.A.1 tG~1M-r-Cx;-5iiy
redaktor [deceased]
[Mantial on the use of a topographic altimeter] Rukovodetvo po rabote
a topografichookim vysotomerom, Noskva, Izd-vo goodazicheskol lit-ry,
1954. 79 P. (HIBA 8:4)
(Altimeter)

SUDAKOV,G.G.; AIAKSANDROV,T.3f.; BAGROV,K.A.; BULANOV,A.I.; XUMNMTA,K.V.;
TIKOFIM,A.A.;
SINYAGINk.Y..Io
Dustructioas for clams I,1I,I1I and IV levoling] lustruktaila po
nivelirovanliu 1. 11, 111 1 IT kl"sov. Hoskvs, lzd,-Yo goodexidhaskol
lit-Tye 1935. 106 p, WE" 0:3)
1. ftnsia'(1923- '-1U.-8.S.R.)G1avxoye Waylemiye goodesit I- kartagraf ii.
(Leveling)

J91N.-A.11- 114-ut SINTAGINA, VAra Ivanovaa; YILISBYIIVA, S.T., kwAldat
toldiii-chiskikh awk. rodak-ter; TABILIYXTA, V.I,, rodaktor;
KM IMIN, G.K., tokhnichaskly r*daktor.
[High-precislex level ONDII Vysokotocbxyi nivelir ONBO. Isd.2-se
Pod obshohoi red. S*V.Telisoyeva. Moskva, isd-ve goodesichookei
lit-ry, 1956. 114 ps (MLRA 9:6)
(Level (Tool))

ENr I N, I.T.; INUAWSBYA, A.I., redaktor; KOININ, G.M., takhniclieskiy
-,, I .... _i iPW~fttor.
[High-precision levelling.] Tysokotochnos nivelirovanie. Moskva,
Izd-vo geodexichemkol lit-r7, 1956- 339 P. (Leningra4. TSentrallnyi
nauchno-looledovatellskil Inatitut goodesit, aeroem emki I kartografit.
Trudy, no. 111). (Limelling) (K.LRk 9:1b)

F-- NTINt I'l , PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION 497
Akademiya nauk SSSR. Komitet po geodezii i geofizike
Mezhdunaroduaya assotsiatsiya geodezii; tezisy dokladov nA k1
Generallnoy assambleye Mezhdunarodnogo geodezicheskogo L
geofizicheskogo soyuza (The International Association of Geodesy;
Abstracts of the Reports at the X1 General Assembly of the
International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics) Moscow, Izd-vo
AN SSSR9 1957. 63 p. 1,500 copies printed.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this booklet is the dissemination of
abstracts of the reports presented by the Soviet members of the
International Association of Geodesy at the X1 General Assembly
of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics.
COVERAGE: This booklet, with full English translation of the Russian
text, published by The National Committee for Geodesy and
Card 1/W

The International Association of Geodesy (Cont.) 497
Geophysics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR presents abstracts
of reports by the Soviet members of the International Association of
Geodesy at the XI General Assembly of the International Union of
Geodesy.and Geophysics. No personalities are mentioned. There
are no references.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS:
Heyfets, M.Ye., Quartz-mtal Pendulum 5
The quartz-metal pendulum is well suited for precision work and in
gravity observations at sea. It is stable, comparatively unsensitLve
to temperature changes and to magnetic fields and does not require
an elaborate support system. Its shape, size and weight, do not
differ from the Sturckrat pendulum. It consistsof a fu" quartz
stem, invar head and a lenticularly-shaped brass bob. Each pendulum
is subjected to rigorous tests for strength and temperature
hysteresis; static and dynamic temperature coefficients and barometric
Card .2/~

The International Association of reodesy (Ciont.) 497
coefficients after a lapse of years remain practically constant.
The use of such a pendulum at first order stations, even under very
adverse climatic conditions and transportation difficultiesis
well justified.
Izotov, A,A. The Reference Ellipsoid and the Basic Geodetic
Data Used in USSR 9
The reduction of triangulation to sea level and the subsequent
development of it on the surface of the geoid introduce considerable
distortions into the main geodetic framework. The method of pro-
jecting triangulation directly on the surface of the reference
ellipsoid developed and adapted in USSR is free from such drawbacks.
Krasovskiy's ellipsoid derived from measurements in USSR, W, Europe
and USA offers a close enough figure of the Earth, applicable to
the continents of the Northern hemisphere only.
Card 3/19

The International Association of Geodesy (Cont.) 497
Larin, B. A. Thermal Properties of Invar Measuring Vires 12
Modern triangulation techniques require the highest degree of
accuracy in measuring base lines. In the USSR, the commonly
accepted 24 m. long invar or super-invar wires show little change
in thermal coefficients with time, or thermal after-effects on
the length of the wire. Invar wires can now be manufactured with
temperature coefficients of equal value but of opposite sign.
Entin.1.1. Basis Systematic Errors in Precision Leveling 16
The systematic errors in precision leveling are vertical dis-
placements of the markers and of the tripod, and changes in the
angle between the line of sight and the bubble axis due to the
effect of temperatures. Other errors caused by non-vertical
position of the rods, etc. are noted, and means for correcting
them are recommended. In precision leveling the computed systematic
error is + 0.05 mm per kilometer.
Card 4/0

EffIffj L 1.
"The Main Systematic Errors of Nigh-precision lAveling" (Section II)
paper submitted at 3-1th General Assembly,of International Union of Geod;93, and
GeOPbYsics, 3-14 S&P 57, Thronto, Canada.
C-31800,146

SoiKOV-, T.P.; BAMOV, N.A.,- BUIAMOV, A.I.; XAJMISXAYA,
N.V.; JWZIMIN, B.S.;.LITYINOT, B.A.; SINTAGIU, X.I.; TIMCFETIV, A.A.;
jW1X,r4*Z#-, pri uchastii Sin7sginqjr,V.1.; SdIiKOV. A.I., red.;
ROMANOVA, V.Y., tekhn.red,
[Instructions for first, second, third and fourth class leveling]
Instruktotia po niveltrovaniiu 1, 11, 111 1 IV kl~Bsov. Izd. 2-os,
ispr. i dop. Mockya. Isd-vo geodes. lit-r7, 1957. 106
'iM 11:4)
1. Ruesia (1923- U*6.S.Ro) Glaynoye upravlaniye geodazli i
Imrtograf ii.
ILeveling)

r2j~
A/~
"Geodetic Testing of the SW-1 Light Itange Finder,," by 1. 1
V. 1, Oloyaginat Geodezie i Kartografiya, No Xr 5T#
Entin and ~77
ii-
9-lT
.The article gives a complete report on geodetic field tests carried
out by the Central Scientific Rerearch Institute of Geodesy, Aerophotography
arod Cartography (TeNlIGAiK) in 1056 on the SVV-l light range finder. This
instrument is manufactured by the Scientific Research Experimental Workshop
0 ) of TsHIIGAiK according to drawings made by the Scientific Research
Tzatitute of the Military Topographic Service (NII VTS).
In the field tests, data was compiled for the purpose of increasing the
accuracy of measurement control methodr with the SW-1 instrument and of
establishing the possibility of using "polygonometry" in the constiuction
of a geodetic met with a light range finder.
. The article includes a drawing of a previously constructed triangulation
net, on which the tests were based, and several tables which give cozparativw.
wasurements and show the relative errors.
The authors state that, whereas th- result* of the tests were cncolxr",-
Ing, further tests with the light range finder am necessary before a com-
plete solution to the problem can be obtained.

It Is further stated Viat the SVV-1 Itself Some to, be further "Wro"Ai'-
'for example by Increasing the power of the illuminating lamp, MA Uereby'
its operating distance, and by simplifying and reducing the weight of the
electric power supply system. "Together with the improvement of the light
range finder SVV-'l, it is necessary to work persistently on the creation
of a lijht range finder with photoelectric indication, since this extremely
facilitates measurement and permits a reductinn in the size of the staff."
Fox& photographs appear in the article: Photo 'No 2'10567 and Photo No
2TO568 give two views of the range finder; Photo No 270569 shimm a view *f
tbe we" *9ter;,&M,Fhot*.No 2MTO shows a large and one of two small

4~~ /Y/ /- / IVI,-jT- _z-.
AUTHORS: Entin I.I. and Beda, B.I., Engineers. 133-1-14/24
TITLE: Rolling According to the Theoretical WeijL~ht on the Works
imeni Petrovskiy (Prokatka po teoreticheskomu vegu na
zavode im. Petrovskogo)
PERIODICAL: Stall, 1958, no-1, pp. 55 - 57 (USSR).
ABSTRACT: Economies obtained on works on transfer to rolling plates,
beams and angles to rolling with minus tolerances oLre outlined.
It is pointed out that: some increase in minus tolerances for
plates which, however, will retain the required mechanical
properties is necessary; penalties for incomplete use of wagon
capacities for small orders (20-60 tons) should be removed; a
new system of wages encouraging rolling with minus tolerances
should be developed and instruments measuring the thickness of
metal and a length counter operating during rolling should be
developed.
ASSOCIATION:Plant imeni Petrovskiy (Zavod im. Petrovskogo)
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 1/1

AUT H 0,11 S
; ,
Entino S.E. Candidate of Teabnical.- -58-5-2/21
4
Wahcherskiy, I.N.
TITLE: Experience Gained in t he Leveling in Mountain Rej;iona (IZ
opyta nivelirovaniya vqookogornykh rayon"kh)
PERIODICAL: Geodeziya i kartograftya, 1958, Hr 6, PP- 7 - 10 (USSR)

A SYR A C T f
A precision leveling waa conducted by t;ie Ts1,,IIGAiK in mountain
regions along four short lines (totallir,-:-- 10,6 li=). It was in-
tended to utilize the results of thin work for the investigation
of the vertical dislocations of the earth's crust. Despite
difficult conditions it was required to obtain the elevations
with a maximum degree of accuracy. Bocznico of snoil conditions it
was necessary to use short and rlendor ro1ti ,,.nd the ler-'s of the
support could not be thrtist into tl!c too deeply. A
Ni 004 level was used. This inctriviont is nl~ch. lcu3 sensitive to
heat than others. without a casino. A correction was applied
to th. measured elovationn,!i,r~-~ calibration of t. he rods and in
ttia leveling because of the grandiont of air te.~,%)erature. This
correction was determined accordint; to ~ Ziven forr.-.ula for each
elevation neaoured eurii;g a morniz.,~ or eveninC ott,.crvation period.
Card 1/2 tosides, a correction per mean mater of elevation of each line

Experience Gained in the Leveling in Mountain ReGions 6-56-6-2/21
was applied. Experience showedp that a correction ~,, h must be
applied at jreat elevations and at conslde:-able temperature
differences in calibration Tiork and in field work, or in the
stakinLr out of forward and backy7ard lines. The factor of the
linear expansion of the invar tapes must be determined experi-
mentally. Experience iffinved that the problems connected with
the accurate determination of the length of the rod iuat be in-
vestiG,ated more closely. It in shown t1hat it is moreimportant
for the determination of the errors of leveling to use the
deviations from the arithmetic nev.r of the individual elevations
determined in the threefold leveling. , The accuracy of the
leveling is satisfactory (nee table). Nevertheless the inaccu-
racy in the detemination of the correction factore S, h and 9 2h
introduced a systematic error. This error can reach considerable
values in lnnr lines nnd with f,reat elevntiozio. T*.-,(!re are I
table and 18oviet, reference.
1. Geophysical surveying 2. Theodolites--Performance-
3. Theodolites--Calibration' 4. Mathematics
Card 2/2

SOV/28-58-6-21/34
AUTHORS: Entin, I.I., Beda, N.A.-, Engineers
-----------
TITLE: The Development of a Standard for Converter Steel
(Sozdat' standart na konverternuyu atall)
PERIODICAL: Standartizatsiya, 1958, Nr 6, pp 70-72 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In the last years, the technical conditions for
experimental samples of converter steel have
been developed. A comparison is made here with
Bessemer steel. It has been shown that the re-
sistance, the yield and lengthening values are
the same for both types. Table 2 shows that the
gas content in converter steel is equal to that
in open-hearth steel. The chemical composition
is given in table 3. The resilience of welding
seams of open-hearth steel TASt.3kp and converter
steel KSt.3kp isshown in table 4. It is recom-
mended to develop a new standard for converter
steel with new designations for the different
Card 1/2 steel types.

A
SOV/28-58-6-21/34
The Development of a Standard for Converter Steel
There are 4 tables and 1 set of graphs.
ASSOCIATION: Dnepropetrovskiy metallurgicheskiy zavod imeni,
Petrovskogo (Dne ropetrovsk Metallurgical -Plant
imeni Petrovskiy~
Card 2/2
0

AUTHORS: Entin, I. I., Candidate of Technical Sciences, SOV/6-58-8-2,/15
8i =SiW-jV; I., Candidate of Technical Sciences
TITLE: Accurate Traverse Surveying by Means of an tical Telemeter
(Tochmkya. avetodall nomernaya poligonometri~ a
PERIODICAL Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1958, Nr 8, pp. 8-i9 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The use of the optical telemeter SW-1 for the building-up of a
geodetical frame-network of 2. arum ). order by the method of
traverse surveying yielded positive results. The Centml
Scientific Research Institute for Geodesy, Aerial Photography
and Cartography erected a network of traverse ourveyinc- of con-
siderable size in the southern steppe-region of the UkraWan SSSR
in the summer of 1957. The major part of the points of traverse
surveying coincided with the points of the network of triangula-
tion of 2. class, which was established in 19~1 by the Aerial
Geodetical Organization of the Ukraine (Ref i). The trial sample
of the optical telemeter SW-1 (1956) was improved and completed
in 1957 by A. I. Demsbkiu, a collaborator of the aforementioned
Institute. The most important improvement was the change of the
Card 1A system of electrical supply, which is now brought about by a

Accurate Traverse Surveying by Means of SOV/6-58-8-2/15
an Optical Telemeter
field electrical power plant "Xiyev-2% In this way accumulators
and selenium rectifiers have become superfluous and the weight of
the apparatus was reduced by 160 kg. The construction of the out-,
put circuit in the high-frequenqy generator which feeds the Kerr-
condensers was also improved. Several drawbacks discovered already
in 1956 could not be removed. Improvement was also brought about
by lens-mirror-reflectors ( recommended already at an earlier date
by V. A. Velichko and Ye. A. Chudina). They were produced at the
NIEM TsNIIGAiX. The accuracy of the measuring of the length of
lines is investigated, and it is shown that the measurements of
distances carried out by optical means in 1957 were free from
systematic errors. The angles at the points of traverse surveying
were measured by means of optical theodolites Th-B Zeiss (Tseyes)
and OT-02. The accuracy attained is mentioned. Balancing traverse
survey by means of optical telemeters was carried out in three
various ways for experimental reasons. Work was carried out by the
calculating department of the Moscow Institute of Aerial Geodesy.
Card 213 A detailed description of this process of balancing is given and

Accurate Traverse Surveying by Means of SOV16-58-8-2,115
an Optical Telemeter
a number of conclusions is drawn on the basis of the tables
given. The data and conclusions given in the present paper may
contribute towards a further theoretical development of the
structural scheme of geodetical frame-networks of 2. and 3- order
in form of a traverse survey with the aid of optical telemeters
as well as towards.the pla6nij4. of a construction of frame-net-
works by means of this method in open, half-open, and even in
closed areas. There are I figure, 13 tables, and 2 references,
. which are Soviet.
1. Geodesics--Equipment 2. Optical instruments-Applications
3. Optical instrumenti3--Performanee 4. Mapping
Card .413

SUDMOT, S.G,; ATAKRANIROT, T.?'; BAGELOY, N.A.; 'BULANOT, A.I.; XAMSKATA,
LI;41NOY,
B.A.; SINTAGINA, N.I.; TIXOFZM,
NOY*; KUZIHIN, B.S.;
A.A.; INTIN, uchastiye SINTAGINA, Y.I.. ROKANOVA,
T.T69
[Instructions for first-. second-. third-. and fourth-order leveling)
9
Instruktaiia po nlielirovaniiu I, II, III i IT klassov. Izd.), IN r.
i dop. Koskva, Izd-vo good.lit-ry, 1939. 111 p. (KIRA 130
7-
1. Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) Glaynoys upravleniye geodesii I )mrto-
grafii.
(Leveling-ffandbooks, manuals, eta.)

3M SOV/6-59-6-2/22
AUTHOR: Entin, 1. Is, Candidate of Teohni.~t'- S;4encea
TITLEs Establishment of Geodetic-Dese Note by the Meth;.~d of
Traversing With Optical Range Finders opDrnykh
geodezioheskikh setey metodom poligcaometrii)
PERIODICALt Geodeziya i kartog-raftya, 1959, Nr C, PP 8-:4 (USSR)
ABSTRACTs At the TaN!IGAiK (Tsen-L:~altnn
institut geodez!,.t, aeros"yemki i kar-~ografli)(Central
Svic-a-14illo Research Institute of Gecdesy, Aerial S,--rv3y and
Caxtography), a scheme for the es-1-al-lishment of the gaodetic
bass nat by the method of with range finders
was workid out in two varla-at,4. The of the
Moskovskoye aerogoodezichaskoye pzedpr-'y4t!1y-- (Mosoov Aero-
6eodetin, Service) Took part in the calculat!7nj of a,3curacy in
the determination of network elements aa4 of rentabj.:Aty. In
working out the schemet an ar.-.-ar3:;y and denalty corresponding
to the specifications for offinial. geolat--i networks of the
USSR of 1954o and as prescribed fcr trlanEulati-,ns of 1st, 2ndf
Card 1/3 and 3rd order, were anticipatel. The rt3suits cbtainel by the

Establishment of GeodeticBase Not@ by the SOV/C-59-6-2/22
Method of Tralersihg- With Optioal Range Finders
ToNlIGAiK by way of tests (Ref "' served a5 11oit'al data. The
roo mean square error in meastr'ng the a-agis 7f ri-.tation. was
assumed to be �10, and the relative 9--ror IM vipas'urlng dis-
tanoes of 3-14 km with equal tc~ ". s 200~000. F-llgvz-e I shows
the soheme of the Ist variants the oloqed tra-arees zonsist of
equilateral triangles. The trave=ee congists of 9 aides of
about 6 km eaoh. Figire 2 ahows the 2nd variamiti the closed
traverses have the form of iaosj~eles t-r~.ang~efi' an! C':-nsist of
'k'0 sides with legs of 6 km aad b. -f P.c km. - -Ir,
bt~th variants, it is assumad that ~.he eer:Ys .~f -triangulation
of lot order serve as abase not, polygqnal travers,-49 being
laid along the lines of departtre. The "~!'Lateral Laplacian
azimiith is determin9d in the ~qriter :)? t',-t. netwc-.L'. Thtp :ateral
lengths of 8-8,5 km are opt~..-nvm -a-'uai. It !9 --hat the
contir:xus natwjrk ::f triangLes with knova und sidles
which is established by the 449 Iot in-
ferio-P t2 the ordinary network ~f 5f 2n-1 vrder
with respect to sicura-y. On a mate, t.- theT,-vYIIGAiK9
the To-s-at::a-11naya vy,,jhisU'ta:,'na:!a -Aaa- Calculating
Card 2/3 Department) under the &:!Ye!!~ttoL of D. A. La:-Ir eari,led out an

.5,6v;,(_c 2/22
Establishment of Geodetii Basoffets bi "IIL:R
Method of Traversing , WL.th OptiZal Izange ?.~nd,,rc
aocnratq determination :-f +Iva InV.,k~z7v,Et and ~7f the 4Trors of
",h,% f-xnntions of balan.,94 eloavq~st-i. Tli~rj ehowed
,-~'hat the %aes networl e,;ta*,'_I4_s~ae-I `~-y if p',Ifg~,nlo-
m,*+:-y with op+!.eal razige s--,hqmez put
Lorwarl he7el fuU.- stttqVea thief in the
rtqr.xlatto~is f,)r tha )fflc',%'~ no-,~wzrk -,f "he 'USSR. -
A of :~anta')AI!ty cof I,h-4 %-~fh)i plat fc-rwv-d here was
ri.a) z~LArxlc-l ~-~it b7 -"hn TsFI: 'A.~K. !,-r t%o big
Weire carried ;ut; 7-,-) se. T;-.1,-. ra3 i),tuited in Dpen
the sezrad in a~:,Lt~ '.)f :raggsdness.
Ths nh,:%wal 11hat ~n 111,:e -.aio ct flat :a-,Lntry
the tr~_angulat~an methr:d is, Ot the whn'_-~, 66,,-1. ni-re expensive
tbam the mtvch-A d9,4,,-!.be-d her:,. In ~f thhc ha-f-niosed ares.
of -.~.iggfilness, the horn Is s-LE~_ i-mewbaf mora effi-
,-.ien+, than -the triangulation m~ith,.,d.- In a nLm"h,-;T ,f cases , it
~-.~nrvenllent t~~ use 'D-:~+,h methlolls. The ne lw~~:~z as4abl~ shad by
'ha meth-)d jut forwarl hirg a7i M-z, :a~f:rt- W`."-:~ rcs.De-t to
ap-.-ira-.iy -than th;~ aontl'nk-tworka :;.f ~f 2nd
and 3rd order. Therg arg 2 and ': S:-*!Et
Card 3/3 vefcrenia.

AUTHOR3s Larin, B, Aso Candidate of Technical B/006/60/000/04/018/019
Sol-encest Razarcy, V9 Not Candidate of BO07/BOO5
Technical Sciences, Prilepint Us at
Candidate of Technica-i Sciences, Xntij'--jA-J--' Candidate of
Technical Sciences, Genike, A# A*t-Lazanovt P. Ye#, Mikhaylov, 12-1116
Shevelev, A. P.
\31
TITLEs On the Book by A. V. Kondrashkovp"Electrooptical Range Finders"
PERIODICALs Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1960, Nr 4, pp 73-76 (USSR)
TEXTs This is a review of the book by A. V. Kondrashkov (Ref, Footnote on p 73)
published in 1959- It is thoroughly discussed as far as it first tries to
generalize and systematize the d ate. re uired for optical range finders. The book
consists of two parts. The first part.Z60% of the volume) gives data from physicep
radio engineeringg electrical engineering, and electronics. The second part deals
with problems directly connected with optical range finders. The incoherent data
of varying level on the fields mentioned in the first part are too extensive and
inconvenient. The division and mode of representation of these chapters is also
a failure. The theory of optical range finders is not well explained. Several
concrete mistakes of the book are pointed out. The great number of such mistakes
Card 1/2

On the Book br A. V. Kondrashkovo ".9lectrooptical 51006160100010410181019
Range Finders" B007/BO05
reduces the value of the.book considerably. It is regretted that the editor of
the book Yu. V. Popov paid his principal attention to the title, not to the
contents of the booE" as can be seen from the introduction. There is I Soviet
reference.
Card 2/2

XESHCHERSXITJ LN.; MIN I'l
Study of the NB-4 level, GeodA kart, no,4s32-34 Ap 062,
(MM 15s12)
(Level (Surveying Instrument)-Testing)

RUDIMKIYP P.S., insh.1- ENT j. 1.I., inzh.
Yaking 35M steel In oxnon-blown converters* Meti gornoruds
prom. noo5s73-75 S-0 162. (KM l6d)
1. Zavod i men i Petrovskogo,
I (Steel-4%talluW)
(Oxnen-Industrial applications)

I.N.j_~.NTINj.I.I.
Leveling orron caused by the use
TradY TSNIIGM no.147:65-91 162.
. (Leveling)
rodo,
(MIRA 15:9)

SUDAKOV, S.G.j AtEKSANDROV., T.F.1 BAGFDVp M*A*j BUWOV# A.I.1
KWASKAYAj M.V.; XUZIMIN,, B.S.; LITVINOVp~D.A.j SINYAGINA,
M.Li TIMOFEMs A.Aq rwjz Z 4 PrInimal uchastiye
SMAGINA, V.I.; KOMARfKOVAO L.M., red.izd-ya; HDMANOVA,
V.V.p tokhn,, red.
[Instructions for lot., 2do 3d,, and 4th-clqps leveling) In,
struktaiia,po nivelirovanift 1, 119 111,. J'IV klassoy. 4 isd.
dop, i1spi.- Moskva, Goagooltekhizdat, 1963. 110 P.
(MIRA 16:6)
1. Russia (1923-1 U.S.S.R.) Glavnoys upmvleniyp geodazii i
kartografii.
(Leveling)

I
GENIKE, A.A.; ENTIN I.I., red.; KOMRIKOVA, L.M., red. izd-va; ROMMA,
,
[Qeodetic phase tellurometere.] 'Noicow. TSentr4llnyi nauchno-
iseledavatallskii inatitut-goodezii,, aei0o"'omki i kartogr&fii.
Geodezichookis fazovye radiodalinomery.. M6okva, Gosgeoltekhiadat,
1963. ll~p~ (Its Trudy, no.164) ()CMA 16t10)

ENTINY I.I., kand.tekhn.nauk; WSHCHERSKIYj I.N.
%"2m~~
Determination of vertical displacements of the earth's crust in
the Surkbob Valley*4. -Trudy TSNIIGAIK no.154s9l-lO6 163.
(MM 16:9)
(Surkhob Valley-Earth movements) (Leveling)

10744-66 INT(l)
ACCESSION NRt AP5023484
UR/0006/65/000/009/001.7/0021
UDK.528*389
AUTHOR: Entino 1 1,; Heshcherskly, IA.
TITLEt Repeated levellings In the river Surkhob valley
SOURCE: Geodeziya I kartograftya, no. 9, 1965, 17-21
TOPIC TAGS: geodetic survey, geodetic instrument, Mks-Y
ABSTRAM Repeated high precision levelling surveys were made by the T in
the active seismic region of the shores of the river Surkhob, between the mounAj&-'
ranges of Peter the Great (north), and Gissarsky (south of the river) in the high
mountains region of tPe-T&dzhik SSR, in cooperation with the Institute! of FArth
ua-
,Sciences, A. The &in was to develop methodology f oj~ evil
ion o relative vertical movements of the earth's surface. Six repeutel levellings
were made during the years 1957-1961 and in 1964, based on two bencheiark networks
on both shores of the Surkhob river. Evaluation of the results showed that the re-
lative vertical velocities of the surface were constant on all survey lima except
one, a situation permitting a good estimate of levelling precision. ftr a numerical
Card 1/2

L 1o744-66
ACCESSION NR% AP5023484
estimate of levelling precision, a reduction of the levelling data to a single Ini-
tial levelling epoch Was made first, solving a system of simultaneous linear equa-
tions established by equating the most probable superelevation3 with the differgEeS
between the observed superelevations and products of epoch time(years) and the most
probable vertical velocity. The results were used for the d!trmination of the P14S
summary error of the double levelling process# per kilometer of the traverse. This
error was found to be: plus or minus 49 millimeters/kilometer. A 11fting of the
Peter the Great range with respect to the Gissarskiy range has been found, pertur-
bed by large local movements. The methodology was found suitable for studies of ver.
tical movements of the earth's surface in high mountains, where the conditions for
levelling surveys are particularly difficult, The orig. art. hast 2 figureso I
table and 5 formulas.
ASSOCIATIONt TsN1IG&JK
SUBMITTEDs 00 ENCL,,t 00 SU11 00OBt d"
NO REP SOVt 001 OTHERt 000
Card 2/2

;kcd -A ii--Kf 6 6ff *170-s b 7uiffi-666-Ei
AUTHORt Entinj 1. Isj Heshcherski yt 1, N,
ORGI Central Scientific Resea rch Institute, of Geodesyl-Aerial
Surveying t -i-q
.FAP, To edovatel
'En-ifL-~u-C-iiio'd*etLi'--aeroo yemki L kartografLL
TITLE1 Vertical movements of the earth's surface In the Surkhob
River Vilbif
BOURCEt AN Xst88R. Institut fisLkL I Astronemit, Ocvramannyye
dvLzhenLya zemnoy kory, ' Recent crustal movements, no. 2, 1965 257-2601
P I
TOPIC TAGSt epeirageny, geodetic leveling, repeated leveling high
pracLsion leveling, crustal deformation 0460A
-Smvk~'00 R:"Jer I
'ABSTRACTt An analysis is made of values derived from high-precision
leveling repeated annually over the 5-yr p-,:eiod 1957-1961 and In
1964 by the Central Scientific Research Insti.tute of Geodesy, Aerial
Surveying, and Cartography (ToNlIGALK) In the Nemich and Garm sections
of the Surkhob River. It is shown that the Peter I Range rose In bothl
areas in relation to the Gissar Range. In-the HLmich section, the rat#
approaches I mm/yr and is slightly greater in-the western than in the
eastern section* In the Germ sactiong tits rates of rise of the Peter
Card I / 2

ACC NRs AT6011150
Range in the western and eastern areas are 2-3 mm/yr and 11*5 no/yr
-respectively# a significant differences During the period 1957-1964
the rate and direction of movements remained essentially unchanged in*:-
all areas except onej,'the western part of the Cars sections OrIgs arts'
hast I table,
SUB GODBI. 08/1 SUBM DATZI ORIG RZFI 061
t
Card 2/2

ZOLOTUKHINP N.M., ENTINt I.Z.
Optical polarization for the study of deformAtions in
three-dimerAional plastically-deformed plexiglao models.
Kuz.-shtam. proiav, 5 no.lOsIO-13 0 163. (MIRA 16-11)

ZOIDTU)OiIN, N.M.; ENTIN, I.Z.; GETHANSK1Y, A.P.
Investigating the distribution of plastic deformations by the
photoplasticity method. Izv.vys. uchob. zav.; chern. met. 8
no.5:76-81 165. 0-11RA 18:5)
1. Kramatorskiy irdustrialinyy institut.

_T_.TP_TA _)__W
L 02122-67 __ EW]!(d) I 1d__
NRs AP6032139 86URCE COM UR/0121/66/000/OOT/0019/0021 3 ff
WTHOM Dolgov, V. A.; Basik,_V. S.; ~ntin, 1. .; Yefimov, A. N;; Polyakov, Ye. Ye.
- - - - - - - - - -4~
None
Studying the stressed state of machine tool frame members by the photoelastic
SOURCE: Stanki I instrument, no. 7, 1966, 19-21
TOPIC TAGS: photoelasticity, stress analysis, machine tool:
ABSTRACT: The authors use the optical method for studying the~siressed state of rol.1-
turning lathe beds. This method can also be used for studying the overall stresseA
state of such a machine. This method-makes it possible to determine experimentally
the isoclinic parameter and main tangential stresses at a givdn point in the tvo-di-
mensional model of a croes section of the frame and to evaluate normal stresses on un-
loaded contours. "Stress division" is used to determine normal stresses at points.ly-
ing within the cross section contour'with respect to the isoclinic parameter and the -
main stress differences. This method Is very useful for the experimental determination
and selection of the optimum shape for the cross section of the bed. Orig. art. has:
3 figures.
SUB CODE: 13/ SUBM DAM -None/, Ono mi oo4
Card 1/1 not uDc: 621.9-216.6:539.319.001.5

STROGANGVp G,,B, I SIMEYDEHp S.A,; ENTINp L.Kh.
Device for checking the gas saturation of cast aluminum allaysis
Zavs lab. 31 no.8t1030 165, (IKIRA 18:9)

ACC NRI AP7003225 SOURCE CODE: UIR/0056/66/052/006/i852/1855:
i, AUTHOR: Magarill, L. 1. Entin, M. Vo
ORG: none
TITLE: On the shape of the electron 'energy spectrum in a one-dimensional random
lattice
SOURCE: Zh eksper i teor fit, v. 51., no. 6, 1966,13852-18.55
..TOPIC TAGS: electron energy level, electron spect~rumj statistic distribution, poten-
tial wen
ABSTRACT: The article.deals with the energy spec*um of an electron in a one-
dimensional system of randomly distributed potential centerso the distance between
which have a Poisson distribution. The product of the magnitude of the potential by
the average distance between centers is assumed to be small. It is pointed out that
none of the earlier investigations of such a system lead to an analytic expression
for the level densiti in the entire energy regiona, No limitations are imposed on the
energy. The distribution of the potential wells is established for bath repulsive
and attractive potentials and the case of negative electron energy is discussed. The
calculation results are compared with earlier published data. The authors thank V.
L. Poltrovskly for guiding the work. Orig. art. has: 20 formulas.
SUB CODE: 20/: Sum nAT79: 23au66/ oRIG MW: 003/ 07H MF: 001
Card 2/1

ENTIN, R. I. and KURDYUMDV., 0. V.
"Temper Brittleness of Structural Steels," Metallurgizdat, 19h5

WIN, R. 1.
Influence of titanium arrl Combined AdAitions of 'Boron, Vanadium, A~Ld
Titanium on the Crystallizatlon of Steel. T. 3. Kelmrk. T" B. pilets?jm'
ar4A. I. Entin, Henry Brnitcher (AltMel,' Calif ), Tranolation .110.
2238, 1948, 14 pages, From, Stal (Steel), v. 8, no. 3. 1948, p. 248-25LL.
Describes effect of additions of 0.03-0.1% titanium and combined
additions of 0.003% boron, 0-05-0-06% vanadium, and 0.03-0.OLA, titanium
upon primary crystallization, kinetics of Isothermal decomposition of
austenits, and hardenability of ortrbon ateol containing 0.45-0.55~ and
0.8-1.0% C, respectively, Includes tables, graphs, and photos.

7/
KOGAN, L.I 11EYMARK, T.Ye., kand.fiz.-mat.nauk; PILETSKATA, I.B.;
INTIN, R.I., kand.takhn.nauk
Iffect of certain small addition elements on steel crystallization and
recrystallizatiou processes. Probl.metalloved-i fiz. met. no.[11:225-274
149o (Min 11: 4)
l.Laboratoriya fazovykh prevrashchani3r i Laboratoriya kristallizataii
TSentrallnogo nauchno-iseledovatell skogo institute, chernoy metallurgii.
(Steel alloys--Metallography)
(Solidification)

.EMIN, R.I., kand.t6khn.nauk
Causes of the influence of alloying elements on the kinetics
of isothermic dissociation of austenitse Problemetalloved.i fis.
met. no.[13:275-306 149. (MIRL 12:4)
l.Laboratorijr fasovykh prevrashchaniy TSentrallnogo nauchno-
iseledovatellskogo instituta chernoy metallurgii.
(Steel alloys--Metallography)
I(Austenite)

ENT IN, R. L
USSR/Metals - Alloys
Physics - Decomposition, Isothermic
"Principles Governing the Influence of Molybdenum of the Kinetics of Isothermic
Decoqpositioa in Austenite, " B. 7ii. Kett, R. I. Eatin, Inst of Metallophys, Cen Sci Res
Inst of Ferrous Metals, 8 pp
"Dok Ak Nauk SSSR" Vol LXVIII, No 4,
Establishes that in steel with 0.7% molybdenum, course of austenite decomposition is
initially connected in the interval of temperatures of pearlite conversion with the
formation of a special molybdenum carbide. Initial stage of decomposition involves
diffusion of Mo explains strong influence of molybdenum in retarding decoqo:)sition of
austenite. However, at temperatures around the conversion of austenite (below 5700),
decomposition of austenite i not related to diffusion of molybdenum, since comentite
Is
containing molybdenum is formed. Submitted by Acad I. P. Bardin 2) Jul 49.
PA 15oT54

M
CA
im.
Ulk ID40, w" 2%
lw-m Mbc~L/c.sta- T'w
n=41 ow bmt!062= to do media G-V
aomwadm,= fw womy"s-
-km wAmtwo
,f Cis mW Ow ks 804Mbd aska of uw W100"
dM&# &t. % tbAr
bw= in -
,m ~Mllbl
"me

%&j ri r, I ~.J.
mod of AW4 ellmosets " Um kbotled of d*
antoole L, 1. XOPA W4 P. ZW.
r4h. Pie. :0. CV04XIOW); Cf. C.A.-bl.W1104-Tbe
tales of t1w 19tAbegrual -y - st Imusition. as itmA. bektw
The A., tmp.. wets dead. below the Curk polut of a (W).
by the auk of rutatium of cyllimit" 3A X 25 in=. "11pl-
in a magmetic &-W; tills metbod perWited dctacclaim of its
hitle"O.6roole-phame. AbirroW.Ukeanit.c(Ofanned
Irviski In mm= cows, be esid. (mm mkl
" ;,;4;. by ibe got. all this vic-AW = lose.
Witis tacb. ban (C 0.04, ma Om. III Aso
%be fate of coulfgaim Incre"AWS with I * it
courciskol bestme only after ", msd t 1.41
fit" sm 14 me.; the enavroslati I a mut yet completed fig
202W. ;t 1140-70% flic time Necessary for (bit MIA.
to be& is campor" with the time voc*WW7 for tbm
a tmp. at the both. IA. the ones.
!ot It or vW. PIM a, the 1,00 9, neeamany
to attak a owed degm of Conversion (a. 23. 60% of 0.
is) as a loartion of the temp.. for an aWy Ye 4- b%
-0 am*). &bow a Mail. cf the role of emovel at
At 'jml, rmvrrmon beirlas after I info., atid is ool
completed before I br.; at SW% comploOm Is not yet at-
talmed in 4 ties. The can v in Isollimus at 30D Wd 400'
me mortensitic in charman. Le. invollre no imembatim
petitul. and the cano - is rusimplosird rapidly. A& BW
and Wit`. ctonversion Is rapid up to about litl% thica It Is
Pv+7%Cr(A.-mAs)Aos "mittatest
yevaloi at rJl~-W"; at 10). OW, a04 & CONION
pW only up to a point (cc.. 40-411% &MI), thm Ise.
at 3411 and 4OU'. the kintile cwvn at
=tan7(r741Sk1,uW;vt + R.A% Or IA. . 11im') diciffs Ifts. -
rate of vottv"Sical as 079-7m*. Kinstic Curves is Oat a"
All-AM' am nomml. At AX) anti WO'. the conversion Is
Very 4DW; t:t 11W% 0 1witins unit &Ittr 3 mmin.. and 23%
Conversion Ices 40 "an.. at &15 . trosvelsi began %her
3 his. The kintsic comrs at 17.5, 4(m. kW 41P. set Mar.
temlis4ilit; fhq dri(ttres of cmvvT" attmimM at 413.
401. M, amt AlV, air, rr",., 0, .10, A oad IM Tlif
vvkwitv 4 the v -- a "triversicin Li Pe + 1.3% 2ZAk -
"1 1*) at Mitt and above to c"osiderably lower SM^ in Fe,
and about the same to in Ve in the cause O(K1-6W"; at
fW', In *01 sm.. the c4nnvcrsk* in Ow allay is 36%. as
scaltutt Q-1% In Ft. In l1v + 1.4% W. In t1w rvW 78&-
4W. tho ronvirrvikak Is slow" than In Pit. despite lbe bkbw
A. - SW; at 480-W. only&)
I m* ctonvated to I I ser
tb* Incubation pericift at 670 and o 1W are. reV, )b and 3D
am., at apJnst A and W ux.. t"p.. In Ire. In ft + Co
It. A, and 60% (A.. - AWN. ALI, anti PM*. resp.) the rate ;I
cmnvwr*m is isicnawd as "mirwrit with Ft: at T410% in.
A mv.. The citaversirm 4114hM 17. K7. Alki -147%. WhOntAll
INN+41.0%ma,
FO+I%
Cr + 2,11% NI #how% max. fate at about GWI; the corm
at 3W and ")* are omne"te4ilre. Ulierems s". fit N1 I
akmw lawns the rate of cou"nion camiderstily at 00* but
liardly at all at AW% sisioubmamus presence of Ks mW Cr
results In kvw rate hoclitic Kql and at 0120'. Fir + 1.3% Cr
OWA,

PA 175Te9
2i: Iiii,
Chadstry
"Carbide Formation During loothermic Decay of Aus-
teniteIn Chrome Steels," B. IN. Matt, R. I. Intiu,,
lust Metallophys, Can sci Res Inst rerrous Metals
"Dok A Nauk SSSR,'~ Vol U11410.3, pp 497-500
Discusses-results of actual inveptigations into
processes of carbide formation for t4io case of avA-
tenite decay in steels,allOyed vIth cbrobe. Con-
cludes that in chromeiteels, in definite region of
temp folloving imiediately after the A -point, be-
ginning df austeilite decew Is WMWQ vLth forms-
tion-oC stable carbide. Submitted 24 Mor $0 by Acid
I P, P0;41Pj

KkOks 01 the polywWr tramudoemtWO to Gollytif
Itims. L. 1. Kosan stuRdi Iddy .4 bod.
Namb S.S.S.R. 73. 117" 4--An
exp(l. study was vandt -4 she mul"t. gannna tn;JlhA tvmst~
futmtkin at Fe v&W% conig. about 11.104% C. antl "a,
than 6% total slkiyitjg ektisen(s. Th.- alhrv- itowitt"I
Cr; Cr and NN; Cr, Ni. mad ~lo; and IL'r maid Cts. In Fr.
CV~Nl alloys lbr tessip. drTetatetwe id lite ItAmb-tisiAlwts is
-04toolled by the vock 44 ismitut ftgnml~vo' "hwh t~ it,
meaml by N1, Slid by the AclivAtion TIN'tKy of the if
fannatiouprove whirhi,&jtwreAAdbyCr. It.*v.%cfr.jj*
imissed hr pbultwuptlically s-rounfing inaignetonirier "Ad.
ings. T W adda. of 2.6% Ni I- an 04.5e,; Cr ml4,v nk-trx~l
the thus for 6% lwtbmmd tt-Andur"tAtion at the knot frc*n
ItoWmIn. The dine for hall troethat at floln' is 7-16ger,
In Ve; in a 2A N1 alloy. 14-13 sm.. in is 7 Cr alloy, Wr-411
lice - In a 7 Cr, 2 Ni alloy, 10 min. Effrcls of 41k,ys are not
ZIUve. The temp. of the cril. point dues not greatly wf-
t.t (be feansfornuflon rAte. The tit A% Cri tit thr
O%Cralky alto Increams the fitne lot Sri At
theltutc. Addeo. to Foot Cr. Cf-Ilo, and Ct -Co hit teA%g
the stability of the tantma pbaft at temps. Wow the knee,
And I F hocreasor tbe activation ettergy, of trandorntatim.
Addeo. to Pit of CrN1 lnffrm both the activation energy
And the "k of nucleus fornutim. A. G.

47- t7 , pi
XWO I.Yu.1 MIN$ Role$ kuds tivkha. muk.
Reasons of the effect of solybdonu on kinstLas of Isotherazi
dissooiation of suatemite, Pro'bl, ustanoveds i fis. wt' zo;ft
188-192 151-0 inu uto
I (Iron-solybdeums alloys-lbtallogmpby)

Mr, B.TQ,-. UTINO Role# kRnd. tekhn. nonk
Carbide formation during isothermal. dissociation of au'stoulte
in chromium stools; ProbU. metallovedo i fis, met, noo2:193.203
151. (NM IUO
(Ohromiun steel-Vistallograpby)

.e~-A/ ~ ?,~)
P, -1,
KOGAN, L.I.: MIN, 11.1.,.kan4 tekhn. naWc.
0
Kinstlos of polysiorphou, triansformations of alloyed iron. Probl.
rAtalloved. i fin, mt.' no.2t2o4-215 151. (XIRL 11W
(Iron znoys-Xotallogmphy) (Pblymorphiem)

F-W7111,'
K00,119 L.Ie; d. takhn. nouk.
Kinetics of the rearystallization of alloyed iron. Probl. metallovid.
I nx, met, no'28216-221 951. (XLU 32W
(i;on alloys-Vatellography) (Solidification)

V Thu Wermediato ttamuti" ri aufle-mim. R
Doki,AY Ak,)?I. Xwl, S.S.S.R. 79, W4--OkWA);
-s-I'lovikil. I'rwlv Ural. Fi&,I, At' L iv,z!j*, (Svcrilljv~kj,
TfId iSMII~':WJ nf AllitClile hai Ova Inax.
for tilt: rate of dko,1111ni, for 5tc,~j 4RUy'A ", W1 Mu, Cr w
W. One Ina%. Ii ---, hd,)-y th~ I'mrIp. interval 450 4LAI 4he
treolHon regiou) ,t~d On Othzr ILI),)V(: It. A stady of Cat-
filde forluath"I lihowi that in all ca-,o (C:, Mo, of kV)
cerntittlic 6 formul I,s the tratisia)n rceirin. The kinctics
of CIO -v -4 a tm3sitkut v,~i ttudkd in the tran~itin regLun.

ME

Oatogory USSR/Solid State 17hyuic~, - Fheso Trans'lomption in
Solid Bodies
Abs Jour t Rof Zhur - Fizike, No 3, 19.57, No 6619
Author t Entin, R.I. sotharigal DOCOMP
Title : on Frocossoc of Onrbide Formation In I
of Alloyed Auatonita.

I
fz-_a7-1Ni 0. T.
Category : USSR/Solid State Zhycica - Phase Trnnsforraetion in E-5
Solid Bodies
Abs Jour z Rof Zhur Fiziks, No 3, 1957, No 6619
Author : Entin. R.I,
Title : On Frocossos of Crrbida ForTation in Isothermal Decomposition
of Alloyed Auntonito.
Orig Fub : Probl. metalloved. I fiz. metallov, sb. 4, 1955, 239-2'
'JO
Abstract i The structure of the carbide phroo in molybdontLa, cobalt-
-molybdenum, Pnd tiangstan steel.-. sics Investigated during, the
process of transforinction at tc-nDcraturos of the poarlitc
and inturmodiato regions, else after snecirl binary treat-
monts. The exporimontal drta confirmed the remarks pre-
viously made hy the ruthor concerning the fact thet the do-
composition of.tho r-ustcnite In the Fearlito temperature re-
gion in stools Plloyod by.corbido-forming olomonts is due to
the formation of a carbide yhaso that in enriched with these
elements, and coasoluantly to a diffusion redistribution of
the alloyinr clamonts. in the intermedietQ raZion, the trans-
formation of atistcnito is liot connected with tho diffusion
of the alloying olomcntr.

Category j USSR/Solid State Yhysics - Fhoso Trnnaformation in E-5
Solid Bodies
Abs Jour t Rof Zhur . Fizika, No 3, 1957, No 6618
Author :Kogan, L,L, 22i~.
Title :Effect of Elements that Form Difficulty-Soluble Cerbides
on the Decomposition of tustonito.
Orig Pub iProbl. motallovod. i fiz. votrllov. ob. 4, 1955, 251-286
Lbstract i~'.[hon herdening from ordinery heat treating tornporaturas
(900 -- 10000), the proscnce of such strongly-carbide-forming
olomontz as Ti, V, Zr, Nb, and Ta reduces the hardenability
of the carbon stool, oviing to the formetion of quite stable
carbidus by those olowunts. A partinl transformation of these
carbides into oustenito vihcn heating to 900 -- 10000 can be
accomrlishod by elloying the steel with mvmganoso (1.5 --
2.%C). In this crse, eddition of titanium to mengemesc stool
incroesos con3iderrbly thc stebility of the austenite in the
peerlite end intermodiate regions. Moying with titaniur.
alsD leads to a shprp irolption of the poarlite end middle
Card 1/2

Category i USSR/Solid State Physics - Fhase Trrnsformation in E-5
Solid Bodies
Abs Jour : Rof Zhur - Fizike, No ~t 19W, No 6518
regions of transformetion of the austanito. The some effects
are observed in stools containing 0.26 and o.41/',Q' carbon.
The mv.ximm incror.so in the stability of sustonite In ob-
served when anproximately 0.1 end 1% titanium is introduced.
Approximately the same laws ere observed when Plloying
manganese stecle with zirconiur, vanrdium, niobiump and
tantalum. Analogous effect, but to a sr-Pl1or degree, ere
observed also in chromliun end chromium-mengpnese steels
alloycd vita stron,,ly-crrbido-forming elements. The intro-
duction of mantanoso to carbon steel incruraos the Pmount of
titanium and vanndiun in the solid solution re it is heated
during hardoninr. In the decowrosition, in this case, a
greater amount of theao olcuonts is transformed in the Fear-
lito region from austenite into carbide, end this indeed
causes tbo increased stnbility of the austenite (the sere
an if it were alloyed with such cerbido-forming elements as
Mot W, and Cr)I
Card 1 2/2

Cptugory s USSR/Solid State Fhyricr - ~hnvo Trnnnformation in
Solid Bodies
Abs Jour ; Rof Zhur - Fizika, No 3, 1957, No ISA17
1uthor s Tsivinskiy, S.V,, Kogan, L.I., Entin, R.I.
Title : Redionctive Tracer Investigatiah of the-=istribution of
Chrumium and Tungsten During the Frocoss of Austenite Decay
Orig Fub ; Frobl. motelloved. i fiz. metrllov, sb. 4, 1955, 277-295
Abstract t Thu method of redioactive isotopes was used to determine the
contents of Cr end V in the carbide phase in steels with
1.18% 0 and 2.42% Cr and with 1.02% C emd 0.78% W respectively
in the process of transformetion of austonite at the tem-
peratures of the poarlito end intarwodiste regions. In the
Procosa of docompoaition In tho pearlito region, tba contents
of the alloying eloments in the carbides excood their contents
in steel by a factor of 3 -- 5 times. -the results obtlainod
prove that the do,:,ompovition of tho austonito in the pearlite
region is connected with the need for diffunion redistribution
of the tungvton. It is shown thpt rate of secondary diffusion
Cerd 1 1/2

Category s USSR/Solid State Fhysics - Fheso Transformation in E-5
Solid Bodies
Abs Jour Ref Zhur - Mike, No 3, 1957, No 6616
from the criticel to a cortein boundary dimension the speed
of the process is determined by the kinetics of the re-
errPngament of the Iron lattice. At large dimensicns of the
center, the kinetics of the displacement of the phase bound-
ary erc determined by the speed of the diffusion of carbon.
In this case, the velues of the quentity considered turned
out to be smaller then expected from experimental data (Dokl
AN SER, 1948, 6o, 795). tin enalogaus result is also obteined
in a theoretical enelysis of the speed of the isothermal
grot,th of the pearlite canter (Zh. takhn. fiziki, 1950, 20,
872). If account is taken of the affect of the stresces
occurring during the trenrformation process, the theoretical
results and the oxparir-entel results vro brought closer to-
gother. (Aleksandrov L.N., Lyuboc B.Yp,., Dokl. ATT SSR, 1950,
L4, 1081).
CaH s 2/2

IQ TI Al"
jr
KURDYMV, G.T.,skndemik; ENTIN, R.I..doktor
kand,takhn.nAuk
tekhu.nauk; ROZEMM. V.K.,
Relation of the kinetics of weakening during the aging process to the
composition of the hardening phase. Probl. metalloved. I fis. met.
no.4:360-376 155. (MIRA 11:4)
(Metals-Hardening) (Crystal lattides)

SOV/123-59-15-59754
Translation fromi Referativnyy zhurnal. Mashinostroyonlyei 1959, Nr 15, p 122 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Kogan, L.I.,
TITLE: On the Theor7 of Intermediate Austenite Transformation
PERIODICAL: V ab.: Materialy Mauahn.-tekhn. konferentaii po probl. zakalki v goryach1kh
sredakh. I. Yaroslavlf, 1957, PP 3 - 28
ABSMACT: Unlike the normal pearlite transformation, In the process of intermediate
austenite transformation (IAT) an aolaular relief is obtained, a consequence
of the regular, orderly shifting of atoms at the boundary of coherent phases,
which proves,the martensite charaoter.of the I*- oLtransformation in the
medium region. The IAT is~not connected with a dlffusional~redistribution
of alloying elements. From the change in the crystal lattice spacing It
was established that in medium-carbon steels (of the 54W, 4804, 30YU3
grades) the concentration of C in the residual austenite (RA) increases at
the IAT, In highcarbon steels (of the 144Xh3, 118G3, 13902 grades) It de-
creases, but in steels with a C-content of 0-.8 - 1.0% It does not change.
The sectioxis of austenite with a C-ooncentration can, at the IAT, be trans-
Card 1/2 formed into carbides at varying rate, which depends on the initial concen-

SOV/123-59-15-59754
on the Theory of Intermediate Austenite. Transformation
tration of C and the components. In steels with a high concentration of C the forming
of carbide starts in the early stages of the IAT; in steels with a C-content of 0,5 -
G..6% the process of carbide formation is intensified, depending on the components, in
the following order (increasing): Si, Mn, Cr, Ni. Depending on the temperature of the
IAT, on the initial concentration of C and on the alloy composition of the steel, either
elimination of C will prevail in the RA or a separation of carbides from the RA. The
degree of a change of concentration of C at the IAT is the higher, the higher the tem-
perature of transformation. During the'process of IAT carbon Is distributed irregularly
within the RA. The redistribution of C at the IAT precedes the T- Ok transformation and
leads to a concentration of carbon in the RA, or to a separation of carbide from the
austenite or to a combination of both these processes. The martensite ;oint of the
sections, which are adjacent to the products of the 1AT, increases when the concentration
of C in the RA is reduced. The self-deceleration of the IAT process at a constant tem-
perature is not conneated with the formation of RA, concentrated by C, but is a result of
the martensite mechanism of the J* - Ok transition. The mechanism of IAT is the same in the
upper and lower parts of the medium region. 13 figures, 20 references.
P.M.A.
Card V2

137-58-5-10592
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 5, p 246 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Gruzin, P.L., Eurdyumov, G.V., Tyutyunik, A.D., Entin, R.I.
TITLE: On the Role of Diffusive Displacements of Atoms in High-t-ern-p-
erature Strength ~O roli diffuzionnykh peremeshcheniy atomov v
zharoprochnosti)
PERIODICAL: V sb.: Issled. po zharoprochn. splavam. Vol 2. Moscow,
AN SSSR, 1957, pp 3-8
ABSTRACT: Some results of investigations of diffusion (D) in metals and
alloys relative to the problem of high- tempera tive strength (H)
are 'examined. It is noted that the special features of the be-
havior of metals at high temperatures under load are conrlitioned
by the existence of rather frequent diffusive -,hif-.s of atoms (A)
in the crystal lattice of the phases constituting the alloy. There-
fore, along with the shear mechanism of plastic deformation, a
diffusion mechanism becomes active. The number of atomic dis-
placements, increasing with temperature, tends to limit tho
temperature zone in which hardened alloy phases may be em-
ployed, owing to the reduction in the resistance to plastic de-
Card 1/2 formation due to the shear mechanism. The relatively higher A

137-58-5-10592
On the Role of Diffusive (cont.
mobility atthe graffibound&ryor the -intra-gria,in interface, as against that
within the body, means that the grain boundaries constitute the weak spot in
the resistance of a metal to deformation and failure at high temperatures. A
reduction in the mobility of the A is required to increase the level of H. It is
demonstrated that an identical level of mobility of the A can be attained at dif-
ferent temperatures with different metals. The temperature at which a given
level of diffusive mobility of A is attained is determined primarily by the
energy of activation. In some metals the level of mobility of the A is also Sig-
nificantly shifted by the chan.qe in the magnitude of the factor Do pret-eding
the exponent in the expression for the relationship between the coefficient of
diffusion (CD) and the temperature. Accumulated experimental data show that
a variation in the CD may occur owing to changes in either parameter of the
temperature dependence of the CD. At elevated energies of activation (due to
alloying), there is usually an increase in the multiplier Do, with the result
that at temperatures that are high for the given alloy base metal there is
little change in the CD, while at low temperatures they may change by a full
order of magnitude or even more. Addition to the alloy of elements that
strengthen the bond in the solid solution causes a shift toward 'higher temper-
atures for the onset of the diffusive ductility mechanism. V. !i
1. Metals--Diffusion
2. Alloys--Diffusion 3. Metals--Temperat,'Ire facl,
Card 2/2 4. Metals--Mechanical properties

AUTHORS:Kogan, L.I. andj!n~~I. L26-2-24/30
TITLE: Redistribution of carbon during transformation of austenite
in the medium range. (Pereraspredeleniye ugleroda, pri
prevrashchenii austenita, v sredney oblasti).
PERIODICAL: "Fizika Metallov i Metallovedeniye" (Pbysics of Metals
and Ifetallurgy)j. Vol.TV9 Ro.21 19579 PP'6360-368 (USSRY.
ABSTRACT: Recent experimental data enable to characterise as follows
individual elementary processes which bring about austenite
transformation in the medium range of temperatures: the
austenite transformation takes place without any appreciable
redistribution of the alloying elements; this follows from
numerous results of analysis of the structure and composi-
tion of the carbide,phase which indicate that,apart from
the dependence on the structure of the equilibrium carbide
phasegeementite forms in the medium temperature rangel the
content in alloying elements of which corresponds ap roxi-
mately to their average content in the steel (6 to U.
Measurement of the period of the crystal lattice Qf the &zsten-
ite indicates that tran formation in the medium te=erature
range is linked with redistribution of the carbon 09 to 11);
Caxd 1/7 intermediate transformation can be linked with enrichment as
well as with impoverishment in carbon of the residual aus-
tenite. Austenite-transformation in the medium temperature

Redistribution of carbon during transformation of. austen,
ite in the medium range'. (Cont.) M-2-24/3D
range is accompanied by the formation of a characteristic
relief on the polished surface of the cut and this indic-
ates a regular character of the displacements of the atoms
at the phase boundary and a coherence of the phases (11-13Y.
Formation of a relief during the transfoxmation is charac-
teristic both for allov and for carbon steels (11)'. It was
also shown by Kogat(16)~~ even in practically carbon free
iron alloys alloyed wi-ti, various elements, the y to a trans-
formation at temperatures below 500,- 400 C can take place
only as martensitic transformations. All these data Indi-
cate that austenite transformation in the medium tempera-
ture range represents a martensite mechanism of T to m
transformation and therefore austenite transformation in
themecUum temperature razge has to be interpreted as a
combination of the processes of diffusion redistribution
of carbon in the austenite and of a martensitic T to a
transformation in sections of the austenite with reduced
carbon concentrations-, In this paper experimental results
Card 2/7 are given on the character of the process of carbon re-
distribution as a function of the steel composition (content
of C and of alloying elements) and also the results obtained

Redistribution of carbon-during transformation of austen-
ite in the medium range'. (Cont'.) 126-2-24/30-
of the changes in the carbon concentrat-
ion'fn the austenite as a function of the temperature and
duration- of transformation of the matA-nite in the medium
temperature range'. The. lattice period of the austenite
after its partial transformation in the medium-temperature
rangb.was measured for a number of steels, the chemical com-
positions of which.(for 12 steels) are entered in Table 19
P.361. In.para'.1 the.change of the average period of the
austenite lattice as a function of transformations, in the
medium temperature range is, studied on steel sppeimens with
an ro im ely. equal chromium content (3~.45, 1.15 and
04J5 x at or
,V; 4 but'differing carbon contents W449 0.98 and 54%)'
In ara'.2 the same relations are studi;d for the ste;Is
1189, UP 018% C9 3'1,58% Un) and 48r4 (0~.48% C, 4~-33% Mn),. in
ara-3 the same relation was studied on the steels 30102
O'-3~ C and- 2.9% Al) and'791OZ (0'.79% C and 2".86% Al)', In
i
para.4 the changes ift 1he lattice period of the residual
sustenite are compared for partial transformations in the
Card 3/7 medium temperature range for steels with approximately equal
carbon contents. The authors arrive at the following con-
clusions: in the case of alloying with Cr, In and Ni the

Redistribution of carbon durinp transformation of austen~
ite in the medium range. (Cont.) 126-2-24/3D
degree of carbon enrichment of the residual austenite as a
result of the austenite transformation in the medium tem-
perature range depends fundamentally on the oarbon content
of the stea_.,, The degree of change of the concentratlon of
carbon in the austenite (for increasing as well as decreasing
C contepts) will be the highery the higher the transfor-
mation temperature in the medium range'. For steels for
which carbon enrichment of the residual austenite is a
characteristic feature,, the curves of the changes of the
lattice period of the residual austenite as a function. of
the transformation time in the medium temperature range
and the curves representing the kinetics of transformation
are similar. For steels for which a decrease in the carbon
content of the austenite is characteristio,the sharpest
change (decrease) of the lattice period Pis observed before
the a phase begins to separate out, ie'., in the initial
stages of transformations. This is obvious from the X-ray
exposures taken directly at the transformation temperatures.
Cardh/7 The austenite transformation in the medium temperature range
is characterised by a redistribution of the carbon in the
austenite and subsequent martensitAc transformation in these

Redistribution of carbon during tran formation of austen,
ite in the medium range'. (Cont.) 126-2-24/30
austenite sections which have a reduced carbon concentra-
tion:. For temperatures corresponding to the medium temp-
erature range the formation of nonvniformities as regards
the carbon concentration in the oustenite is advantageous
from the thermodynamic point of view since it brings about
a reduction of the free energy of the system'. The direct-
ion of the process of redistribution of carbon in the
austenite at temperatures of the,medium temperature range
is determined by kinetic factors 4, In steels containing
0'.3 to 0'.6% Ctmovement of the carbon into the remaining
part of the austenite may prove kinetically more.advantag-
eous than the formation of cementite,whichrequires a car-
bon concentration increase to 6r.7% and,consequentlyit
requires diffusion from diBtant spots'. In steels contain-
ing 0'.7 io 1% 0, in which no changes of the average lattice
periQd of the residual austenite are observed during trans-
formation in the medium temperature range, removal of car-
bon from the sections with reduced concentration into the
Card 517 remaining part of the austenite and separation of cementite
is equally likely'. Interaction between the atoms of Ye, C
and of the alloying elements can change appreciably the

Redistribution of carbon during transformation of Psten-
Ite In the medium range. (Cont.) 126.2-24/3o
degree of the redistribution of C in the austenite; for
instanoep alloying with Si leads to a very considerable
carbon enrichment of the residual austenite. Even in high
carbon steel which is alloyed with Sit transformation of
the austenite in the medium temperature range involves an
increase in the caton'cont6nt in the residual austenite by
O~.5 to 0.6%. Thereby,the spebific influence of Si is ex-
plained by the inhibition of the processes of carbide for-
matioz~. The higher the transformation temperature in the
medium temperature rangep the more will the carbon content
be lowered in tbose austenite sections which are subsequently
subjected to mar-censitic transformation'. This conclusion is
confirmed by the dependence of the degree of the change of
the carbon concentration in the sastenite oV. the transfor-
mation temperature (for an equal degree of transformation.Y.
Self braking of the reaction in the medium range is not
linked with a redistribution of the carbon and is obviously
card 6/7 the result'of the martensitic mechanism of y to a trans-
formations. The influence of alloying elements on the
kinetics of transformation of the wastenite in the medium

Redistribution of carbon during transformation of austen-
ite In the medium range. (Cont.) 126-2-24/30
range Is apparently determined by their effect on the.
diffusion speed of the carbon and the diffusion paths.
There are 7 figures, 2 tables and 17 referencest of which
11 are Slavic
SUBMITTED: July~24, 1956'.
ASSOCIATION: Institute of Metallography and Metal Physiest
Ts1f1ICbM..(Institu;t Metallovedenlya I Fiziki Metallov
TsNIICbM)'.
AVAILATIT,
Cexd V7

7-

AUTHORS: Kogan, L. I.,and_!ntin, R.I. 126-2-20/35
TITLE: On secondary hardening of structural steels.
(0 vtorichnoy zalcalke konstruktsionnykh staley).
PERIODICAL: Fizika Metallov i Metallovedeniye, 1957, Vol-5, No.2,
Pp. 349-354 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The causes are investigated of secondary hardening of
structural steels in conjunction with experimental
investigation of the changes of the crystal lattice
period of residual austenite. In s8me structural and
tool steels tempering. at 500 to 600 C brings about a
transformation of residual
secondary hardening, i.e.
,
austenite into martensite dur ng subsequent cooling.
Secondary hardening in structural steels was observed
during tempering only if the hardening was effected
under conditions ensuring partial transformation of
austenite in the medium temperature range. Investigation
of the secondary hardening was effected on the two
steels 34XIV2 and 73XH3 9 the compositions of which
are as follows: 0.34% Ct 2 5% Sit 1 008% Mn, 1.89% Cr and
0'73% C 0 3% Sit 0.78% Mn; 0 .?OA Cr, 3.48% Ni
;
i
l
r
ve
y. The heat treatment of chromated specimens
spect
Card 1/4 of 3 x 5 x 25 mm, was effected in an"anizometei"; the

On secondary hardening of structural steels. 126-2-20/35
specimens were heated in the furnace to 1000 and 900 0 C
_respectively for six minutes and then 8ransferred into
a tin bath which was heated to 300-JWO C and finally
quenched in oil. Following that, one of two specimens 0
was heated in the oil tath of the anisometer to 500-550 C
culd then cooled to 280 0 inside the bath with the heater
switched off and finally transferred to an oil bath of
the same temperature in which it was cooled to room
temperature. Due to such slow cooling below the
martensitic point a maximum quantity of residual
austenite remaineA in the specimen which facilitated
measuring the period of the crystal lattice. During the
process of cooling, the deflection of the light beam of
the anisometer was recorded and from the obtained data
the cooling curves were plotted which were compared with.
the cooling curves obtained for a specimen of the same
steel containing 100% of the magnetic phase. A bend in
the cooling curve was taken as an indication of the
existence of a secondary hardening. After the heat
treatment the specimens were etched and investigated by
means of the X-ray ionization instrument YPC-50-H at
Card 2/4 room temperature. The period of the austenite lattice