SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT ELENURM, KH. - ELGARD, A.M.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000412020010-1
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 23, 2000
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

TARIGSTO, V... kand, geogr nauk- Prinimali uchustiye: RRITER, R.;
VINT, E. Khl.Zllelnlrm, R.); FUEBM., lol ANSEERG, T,;
DAVYDOVA, T.O:redol LINAND, Top tekhn, red,
(The Estonian S.S.R.]Estonakaia SSR. Tallinn, Estonskoe gos.
izd-vop 1962. 635 P, (Estonia) (MIRA 15:1.1)

S/096/63/000/005/010/011
-El94/E455-
AUTHORS: Ele
Candidate of Technical Sciences,
Semenova,-T,F., Engineer
TITLE: An investigation,'of the fundamontal properties of the
metal in exporimor,ital tubes made of steel aH-756
(E1-756)
PERIODICAL: Toploonargetika, no.5, l963, 83-85
TEXT: Turbine blades and rotors have been made of 12% chrome
alloy steel. To find whether it can be used for steam pipes
operating at a pressure of 255kg/cm2 and a temperature of !i850C,
tests were made on experimental steam pipes Of 36 mm inner diameter
273 mm outer diameter .made of steel grade EI-756 of the folloiAng
analysis: 0.13,,'j C, 0,70% Mn, 0.32% Si, 0.014% P, 0.015% S, '
il.o%o cr, MIA Ni, 2. 0% Wt 0.80% Mo and 0.20% V. In addition
to heat-resistance, determinations were made of sensitivity.to rate'
of cooling, threshold of cold brittleness, stability of strUcture
and properties during ageing and tendency of the steel to thermal
embrittlement. This last mentioned was determined both by impact
testing and by long-term strength testing of smooth and notched
Card-1/2

s/o96/63/000/005/010/011
An investigation of the fundamental E194/E455
--specimens. -The tabulated-tes-tresults indicate that in its
initial condition the steel has excellent properties but is very
sensitive to the rate of cooling during heat treatment and displays
structural instability during ageing. lience its impact strength
falls to 3.2 kg m/cm2 after 3000 hours ageing at 585*C. Steel
EI-756 displays a certain tendency to thermal embrittlement which
is accompanied by a change in the physical-mechanical properties
and fine structure. The cause of embrittlement in ageing is
intensive evolution of fine particles of a secondary phase in the,"
free ferrite and the formation of*a brittle envelope around the
grain boundaries. Long-term static tensile testing showed that
the ageing did not give rise to marked thermal embrittlement.
It was confirmed that steel EI-756 can be used for steam pipes in
turbines operating at a pressure of 255 atm and temperature of
585*C. There are 3 figures-and tables.
ASSOCIATION: Vsesoyuznyy toplotekhnicheakiy institut
(All-Union Heat Engineering Institute)
Card 2/2

ACC NRs AP6009808 JD (N) SOURCE CODE: UR/0096166/000/004/0010/00'
I I
AUTHOR: Elepko, V. F.; Shustova, T. A. (Engineer)
ORG: All-Union Heat Engineering Institute (Vsesoyuznyy teplotekhnickeskiy institut)
TITLE: Reliabilit f austenitic steels in power units operating with 650C and
315 atm steam
SOURCE: Teploenergetika, no. 4, 1966, 10-13
TOPIC TAGS: austenitic steel, heat resistant steel tube steel, steel property
6
ABSTRACT: Heat re istant ustenitic steels EP1711~d EP18411both used in pipelines of
the Kashira pow;er :station perating with steam 650C and 315 atm) were tested for the
effect of prolonged aging4oup to 15,000 hr) at 550, 650, and 700C. Both steels,
expecially EP17, were ou_R to undergo significant structural changes which affeq?~ed
their mechanical properties. At exposures up to 5000 hr, the structural change f%re
limited to the precipitation of Cr23Cfi carbide and Fe2W intermetallic compound, with
the precipitation of the latter becoming especially intensive after 3000, 5000, and
10,000 hr at 700, 650, and 550C, respectively. Thq~ precipitation of both phases
continued for the entire test period (15,000 hr). ofter 10,000 hr, small amounts of
Sigma-phase were observed and the notch touRhness5f both steels dropped from the
original 23-27 mkg/cm2 to 8-10 mkg/cmz, regardliss of the aging temperature. Pro-
longed aging also lowered the rupture strength, especially that of EP17 steel. In
Card 1/2 UDC: 669.15-1941621.772.4.001.45

ACC NR, AP6009808
the first 3000-5000 hr, both steels develop a susceptibility to intergranular frac-
ture which then disappears completely (EP184) or decreases (EP17) with prolonged
aging. It is concluded that in service under the Above conditions both steels, and
especially EP17, are less reliable than earlier tested E1695 teel. Orig. art. has:
4 figures and 4 tables. (DVI
SUB CODE: ll/ SUBM DATE: none/ ORIG REF: 002/ ATD PRESS:
Card 2/2 ls;A,

USSR / Soil Scionco. Gonoels and Goography of Soils. J-2
Abe Jour : Rof. Zhur - Biologiya, No 1T, 1958) No 77386
Author : Elordaah
Inst --To-orgian Soiontific Posoak-ch Instituto of Hydrotochnics
and Irrigation
Titlo : On Soil DaLvW azA Sovroos of Salt Accumilation, In Soils
of the Vorkhno-Samgor Irrigation Rogion Potwoon tho,
Kura and Iora Rivors In tho Goorgian SSR)
Orie Pub : n?*Gruz, no-io in-tao gidratokhn. I molior., 1957,
VYP- 18-19) 445-452
Abstract : No abstract givon.
Card 1/1

ELERDASHVILIp S. I., Cand of Geologo-Mineral-Sci --- (diss) "Hydro-
geological and Engineering Geological Conditions of the Sionskly
Water Reservoir,"
Tbilisi, 1959, 26 pp (Stote Committee on Higher and Secondary-t
Specialist Education of the Council of Ministers, Georgian S3R* Poly-
technic Institute imeni Ve Io Lenin), (KL, 6-60s 121)

ELERDASHVILI, S. I.
Cand Geol-Min Sci, Dies -- "Hydrogeological and engineering eological
conditions of the Sioni water reservoir". Tbilisi, 1961. ig pp.with
graphicss 23 om (State Comittee of Higher and Inter Spec Educ, Council
of Min Georgian SSR. Order of Labor Red Banner Georgian Poly Inst
imeni V. I. Lenin) 150 copies, No charge (KL, No 9, 1961, P 178, No
24296). jl-541~0~

ELUWASMILII S.I,
Building the discharge structures of Sioni Reservoir in semihard
and soft rocks. Trudy GrusNIIGiM no.2Ot283-292 158. (MIRA'150)
(Sioni Reservoir-Hydraulic structures)

LIAMNAU, N.I., insh.; ALIRT, 0-1-, insh-
Technological JzMovatlous in the shield system of coal
mining in bads subjected to clay Inrush, Besopetruda v
pros. 4 no-715-7 JI 160. (KIRL 13:8)
1. Kombinat lusbaseWl's
(Coal mines and mining)

~I.E~T,,G-.K., gornyy inzh.; YAKOVIEV, Yu.P., gornyy inzh.; KIFIOSHCIIEVSKIY,
-.R.K., gornyy inzh.; KOVALEV, V.14., gor-nyy lnzh.
New blasting method for caving the roof in long-walls and layers.
Ugol' 39 no.10:13-17 0 164. (MIRA 17:12)
k
1. VzrvvPEU kombinata Kuzbassugoll.

RABA,, Karel., okl.mernok (Praha, C2echoslovakia)j_EIES, Istvan [translator]
Data on the Czechoslovak high-soa navigation. Koz1 tud sz
12 no,4tl49-154 Ap 162,
1. Hajoakapitany., eo 4 GoehaZlovak Tudomanyou Akademia
hajozastudomanyi fco3nkatarsa (for Raba).

FL.',,*"Jl 11.
TE(IiN - P, GY
Fer~: odical: i:" - LALZATI UP'- K Vol . 17, no . 1 , 1,/-
I.. Remark on the article on training rctallurEic en,,-,-.nrers
in llunf,-ary and abroad. p. 41.
Eon,th]y ki~st of I-azit European Am--.,z;i ~ rs (.:'FU) I.C) Vol. NO*

okleveles kohomernok
Questions relating to the technology and quality of the Hungarian
foundry crude-iron manufacture. Koh lap 93 no.]-is Suppl: Ontode 11
no.ns248-235 N 160.
1. Dunai Vasmu.

EMBER, Kalman, dr.,- PALOVICS, Pal; DOBOS, Gyorgy, dr.; ELES, Laszlo;
GAGYI Palffy, Andras, dr.; RADO, Aladar; SAAR, Laszlo; SERFFOZOP
Ivan
Report on the Executive Committee session of the National
Hungarian Mining and Metallurgical Society, Inota, December 7,
1963. Bany lap 97 no. 2:133-140 F 164.
1. Orszagos Magyar Banyaszati es Kohaszati Egyesulet alelnoke
(for Ember).
2. "Banyaszati Lapok" szerkeszto bizottsagi tag'a (for Gagyi
Palffy and Rado).

L 34q64_66._.._EWP(0/ET1 IJP(c) JDIJG
ACC NRs AP6026661 SOURM CODEs IRI 0014/65/098/008103U/03
AUTHOM Elea, Laszlo
ORG: Research Institute for the Iron Industry (Vasiparl Kutato Intozet)
TITIE't Effects of various alloying elaronts on woldable structural steels with
increased flow lirdt
SOURCE: Kohauzati lapok, Vo 98, no. 8, 1)65, 342-349
TOPIC TAGS: structural steel, steel zdcrostructure, weldability, mtal property
ABSTRACT: Laboratory andl~lanc experiments were conducted to determine
the effect of Al, Ti, Nb; MY Zr, Ho. and V alloying elements on the
properties of structural steels aving flow limits of > 34.0 kp./sq. mm.
Emphasis was placed on microntrq ture,, mechanical properties, weld&-
bility, and economic factors. Generally, all alloying elements investiga-
ted improved the performance of the steelsp and plans were made to ex-
tend the use of the alloyed steels where the improvements are likely to
outweldi the disadvantage of increased expenditure. Origo art* has: 6 *figures and
3-tables- LTMS: 32,49f
SUB CODEs ll / SUBM DATEs nor* / ORIG REFs 002 / SOV REF: 001
OTH REF:' W
669.OlB.2q..-.6.nn1 JL

ELES, S.
Let us utilize our machines in a more ecomomical wayl Remarks on
the article "Continuous Repair of Machines" published In the M4r
issue of Allami. Gazdasag, p. 109 ALLA!K1 GAZDASAG (Allami Gazdasa-~ok
]4iniszteriuma es a Mezogazdasai es Erdeszeti Dolgozok Szakservezete)
Budapest., Vol. 82 No. 60 June 1956
SOURCE: East European Accessions List (EEAL) Library of Congress.,
Vol, 5. No. U. November 1956

EUA, I
EnA4-ne failures of electric equipment in tractors. p. 8.
ALLAMI GAZDASAG. (Allami Gazdasagok Mniszteriuma es a
Mezogazdasagi es Erdeszeti Dolgozok Sz~kszervezete)
Budapest. Vol. 8, no. 8 Aug. 1956.
SOURCE: East European Accessions List (EEAL) IAbrary of Congress,
Vol. 15. No. 12, Lecember 195.&.

E13S S.
"Correct maintenance and storage of -machines."
p. 8 (Allami Gazdasag) Vol. 9. no. 12, Dec. 1957
Budapest, Hungary
SO: Monthly Index of East European Accessions (EEAI) LC. Vol. 7. no. 4.
April 1958

CANIJ, P., prof.; WMI, B.
Cardiac masuage. Bul. univ. shtet. Tirana[Mjek] 2:2e,34 162.
1. Katedra a KirurgJive hospitallere "Dr. F. Shiroka".
(HEART MASSAGE)

KMI, Besim
ftrforated atric and duodenal ulcero, BuL univ, shtet,
Tiranelmi6kr3tl5-27 162.
(PEPTIC ULCER PERFORATION)

GANI., Petro, prof.; R1EZIp Bevim
Some clinical and roentgenological characteristics of
pulmonary achinococcosin. Bul. univ. shtet. Tirane(Mjek]
4:12-18 162.
(ECHINOCOCCOSIS, PUU40NARY)

ELEZI, B.
I 1-!!E
Recent data on oral and cardiac resuscitation. Shendet pop 6
162.
(RESPIRATION ARTIFICIAL) (HURT MASSAGE)

CANI., P., prof.;_gTF!Zl, B.
"Dumping syndrome". Bul. univ. shtet. lirane [Mjek] 2:53-5cj
163.
1. Katedra e Kururgjise hospitaliere 'IF. Shirokall (shef i
katedres prof. 11. Cani).

HOXHA, F., prof.; CANI, P., prof.; BITRI, P.; BUMIAZI, P.;.ELEZI, B.
A case,!If ffuccessfii.lly operated pheochromocytoma. Bul.Univ.
Shtet.Tirane no.3/4s66-73 163.
1. Kat(dra e kirurgjise, petalogjise hospitaliere dhe e
patologjise se pergjitheshme, Universitetit Shteteror te
Tiranes.

YUGOSLAVIA
14ILJYOVI6, V., Dr., Frofessor, OLUJIC.', 14., Dr., Assistant; Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade; ELEZOVId, I., Veterinarian, Pozarevac
'Observations on the Occurrence, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Egg
Retention (Logenot) in Laying Hens"
Belgrade, Voterinarski Glasnik, Vol 20, No 9, 1966,*pp 685-687
Abstracti The logenot egg laying disturbance represents a great economic
and scientific problem. Legonot was encountered in 15 to 50% of invaotigated
birds and most frequent causes for egg retention seem to be due to
selphingitis, oviduct atonis, and irregular position and structure of eggs
(too soft, big, etc.). Such disturbances cause death in 4 to 20~ of the
hone. Logenot may be prevented by proper nutrition, maintainance, and
selection of hens and by therapeutic measures (manual extraction of eggs,
artificial prolapse of the cloaca, and the like) if necessary. There are
I Yugoslav.and 5 Western references. (14anuscript received, 19 Aug 66.)
1/1

ELEZIOVIC, N.
Training in the technique of the control of firing. p. 10'.
(GLASHIK, Vol. 11, No. 3, I*ir. 1957)
SO: 'Monthly List of East European Accessions (EEAL) LC Vol. 6, No. 1-1, Dec. 1957.
Uncl.

-9u or tod and burnt steel.'
pa isly
Distr: - 4E2c 'mir Toman, IItdnkk6 I is, I P-r, tu,
out with ted nearly to
'the temp. of thekir m4) perbeatinF Is caused
i by the conen. of S an the boundaries of amtenitic grains"
land its sepa. in the form of Bullies after coollng. 20 ref-
!erences. Petr Scimcider - -
AM

Z/032/61/011/003/003/005
E073/E335
AUTHOR% Elfmark, J., Engineer
TITLEs '_K_x~.rus [ono~ Tubes of fligh-alloy Steels
PERIODICAL: Strojfrenstv:r, 1961, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 235-236
TEXT: Summary of a paper presented at a conference of the
Czechoslovak Scientific and Technical Society, Prague, held
from September 13 - 15, 196o.
The results were described of hot extrusion experiments in the
manufacture of rods, sections and tubes made of high-alloy
steels. Experiments with the austenitic stainless steel AKVS
after heating in a chamber furnace fueled by coke gas (with
sleeving for protection against scale-formation) have shown
that deep transverse cracks formed in the rods. on the other
handu for equal heating and lubricating conditions, the high-
alloy chromium steel AKX was faultless. Positive results with
the steel AKVS were achieved only by scale-free heating in a
salt bath in the case of uniform distribution of a glass
laminate. Mastering of this technology for the steels AKX,
AKVS and CrMnTi enabled successful extrusion of cladded tubes

I
I
I.
Z/032/61/011/003/003/005
Extrusion of Tubes .... E073/E335
which gave positive results. (This is a complete translatLon,)
ASSOCIATIONt
.A
VZKG, Ostrava
Card 2/2

Z/034/62/000/005/001/007
E073/E335
A6ilIOR: Elfmark, Jirif, Engineer, Candidate of Sciences
TITLE: Forming ability of 120P' chromium heat-resistant steels
PERIODICAL: llutniclcc~ listy,11no. 5, 1962, 311
T EXT In view of the fact that some types of 120' Cr steels
t'nat are used in the manufacture of turbine rotors are in a
two-phase state at the forming temperatures, the influence of
the second phase on the forming ability has been investigated
by i:ieans.of hot tensile tests, hot impact bending tests and
upsetting tests. The tensile and bending-test specimens were
produced from forged rods made from 110- and 100-kg laboratory
heats prepared in a high-frequency furnace. The upsetting tests
were made Gn cylinders cut froin forged rods and on 2-kg ingots
of circular cross-section. The forming ability of 120,o' Cr steels
modified with Mo, 11, V, Nb and B was compared with equal non-
modified steel. For some of the heats the influence of
6-ferrite was considered. In addition, a modified 121,14 Cr steel
with a very low carbon coitent and a high content of carbide-
~oniiing elements was produced for the purpose of obtaining a
__ ~ .1 711

Z/034/62/000/005/001/007
Forming ability of .... E073/r.'335
purely ferritic structure. The composition (in 0,10 of the steels
investigated is given in Table 1, wherc tho first column gives
the designation of the steel, the second column - the serial
number of the heat and the last column gives the percentage of
6-ferrite after quenching from 1 050 0C (stopy = traces). All
the heats were dooxidized by adding Al and Ti. The results are
given in numerous graphs. The rate of deformation in the
tensile tests was of the order of lt"O' per second and the rate of
defor.mation in the impact -bending tests was of the order of
10 per second. It was found that.compared with unmodified
steels alloyed only with 120,16) Cr and having an austanitic
structure at the forming temperatures, the forming ability of
modified steels was poorer due to the presence of carbide-
forming elei-,ients. Stools with a purely austenitic structure
liave a reduced plasticity at the forming temperatures and are
more prone to forming cracks. If 6-ferrite is present in the
steel, forming proceeds when the material is in the two-phase
state and these steels can be more easily formed than purely
austenitic ones. They are less prone to develop cracks and
- n /'

Z/034/62/000/005/001/007
For,-,iin- ability of .... E073/E335
the fori:iin~; can be carried out at higher temperatures since
tilcy are not prone to frrain-coarsening. If the stress exceeds
the strength of the j,,iaterial in the hot tensile and'bendin-
tests, cracks occur in the austenite -whilst the ferritic mass
continues to deform plastically. The presence of 6-ferrite
in the structure prevents formation of a coarse grain at
elevated forging temperatures. Forging of these steels can be
carried out without difficulty in the temperature range 1 200
1 000 0C and steels with higher ferrite contents can'be forged
at temperatuges up to 1 250 0C. Forging with large reductions
under 1 000 C. is not recommended since it brings about forinntion
of cracks caused by s low-doinf~recrys tallizat ion and precipitation
of carbides from the solution. Sizing,urith 0sniall reductions,
of forgings can be carried out down to goo C. The results of the
study were verified in the manufacture of rotors from 3 ingots,
each weighing 4 tons; ultrasonic tests of these rotors did not
reveal any d'ef ;e cts and the mechanical properties were also
satisfactory. It is mentioned in a reviewer's note that
ZVIL, Pilsen, developed high-temperaturo, high-stren',gth 12100' Cr
Card 3/5

ForminZ ability of ....
z/o34/62/000/005/001/007
E073/E335
steels modified with W and V (steels T 58, T 59 and T 60).
Discs for gas turbines were produced from 4-ton ingots of tile
steel T 58 and large blades (exceeding 800 mm in length) for
t'ne condensing part of a steam turbine were produced from the
hiSh-stren&th steel T 609 Tests of the forming ability and
practical experience -ained -with these steels fully confirm the
findings of VZKG, namely, that the presence of 6-ferrite in
"iese steels is very favourable for achieving high creep values.
LZ, Pilsen, also proved that the presence of 6-ferrite was very
favourablelbr the heat-resisting properties. These findings are
contrary to the widely-held view that two-phase structures al-e
unfavourable in chromium steels. There are 25 figures and
1 table.
ASSOCIATION: V~zkumny ustav VZKG, Ostrava
(VZKG Research Institute, Ostrava)
SUBMITTED: October 7,' 1961
Card 4/5

Aill
Cirnac53i. 5-37- (Hutnicke Listy. ~~rno. Vol. 9, no. 9, Sept.
1954) East
Z
"A' Lror . I
SO: gont'lr L L Jol.

~~,LWMRK, J.
Development in the rolling of mill bails in the Klement Gottwald Iromrorks In Vitko,-rice.
P. P13 (Hutnicke Listy) Vol. 12, no. 9, Sept. 1957, Praha, Czechoslovalda
SO: MCNTHLY IINDEX OF EAST EUROYEAN ACCE..'SIONS (rEAI) LC, VCL- 7, NO.1, W. 195?

- - r
66017
CZ/38-60-2-5/22
AUTHORS: Elfmark, Jaroslav; Penkr, Milo5
TITLE: Heavy and Hydrated Concrete~ Its Composition and Use
PERIODICAL: Jadernh Energie, 1960, Nr 2, PP 50. - 52
ABSTRACT: This article is an analysis of the types of concrete that are best suited
for reactor shielding, i.e. screening off gamma and neutron radiation.
The author stresses that ordinary concrete (specific gravity 2,300 k&/m3)
is unsuited for screening off very intense gamma radiation, because
extremely thick walls would be required. Ordinary concrete, the author
holds, is absolutely unable to slow down neutrons, since water molecules -
which are the chief deterrant agents - must be chemically bound with
certain types of concrete. For nuclear technology, a concrete composition
is needed which will bind about twice the quantity of water than ordinary
concrete (ordinary concrete binds approximately 20% of its weight). There-
fore, it is necessary to produce so-called hydrated concrete. The author
considers limonite (2Fe 0 3 0) a suitable mineral for the production
of hydrated concrete Q iiv,este compression strength and specific
gravity of the only suitable limonite of Czechoslovak origin: 296 kg/ ,m2
Card 1/3 and 3,230 kg,/m3 respectively. This mineral is capable of binding water up

66017
Heavy and Hydrated Concrete, Its Composition and Use cz/38-6o-2-5/22
to 11% of its own weight. The author stresses that the reinforcement
material of hydrated and heavy concrete must also have a high compression
strength and a great specific gravity, in order to function as a shield
against gamma radiation. Some data on reinforcement materials are given.
The shielding capability of concrete necessitates two requirements: a) a
certain specific gravity and b) a certain quantity of hydrogen in the
form of chemically bound water in 1 m3 of concrete. It is emphazised that
the concrete must also have sufficient bearing qualities and shows by the
follow:Lng formula the rate of cement needed in order to obtain sufficient
compression strength, i.e. cubical strength:
K - 0.5 K ( c -0-5)
c v
Legend: K - cubical strength of concrete; K. - type of cement; c
quantit of cement (kg) per 1 m3 of concrete; v = quantity of water (kg)
per 1 3 of concrete. Advising on the practical application of heavy and
hydrated concrete the author points out that it was first used in
Czechoslovakia in the -construction of the OSAV Nuclear Research Institute.
Concrete of 3.2 t/m3, for instance, was used for the reactor shield which
Card 2/3 had a wall thickness of 2.5 M, while heavy concrete of 4.2 t/m3 was utilized

66017
Heavy and Hydrateo concreteo Its Composition and use CZ/38-60-2-5/22
for the combustion chambers. In conclusion the author gives an analysis
of the economic aspects related to the application of heavy concrete, in-
cluding its prices.
There are: 1 table, I diagram, 2 photographs and 2 Czech references.
ASSOCIATION: Chemoprojekt, Prague.
Card 3/3

Z/034/60/000/011/007/009
E073/E335
AUTHOR: Elfmark, J.
TITLE: 7:~~e ~nao~na symposium on New Trends in Forming
Technology
PERIODICAL: Hutnickg listy, 1960, No. 11, p, 896
TEXT: On the occasion of the International Fair at Brno four
symposia were held, one of which was a Symposium on New Forming
Technology, held in Prague on September 13 - 15, 1960, with
participants from Great Britain, Hungary, East and West Germany,
Poland, Austria, USSR, Switzerland, USA and Czechoslovakia. The
main subject of the symposium was forming without machining and
the papers could be subdtvided into the following categories:
a) High-speed formingi%'tb3 hot and cold extrusion of steel;
c) manufacture and heat-treatment of forging dies.
There were also papers on forging, on forging rolls. grooving
of shafts by rolling and accurate forging of turbine blades,t
The papers relating to high-speed forming were mainly on IV\,
theoretical solutions of this method of forming, which is not
very well known in Czechoslovakia.
Card 1/3

Z/034/6o/ooo/oll/007/009
E073/E335
International Symposium on New Trends in Forming Technology
Professor Doctor F. Drast:rk (VgD,._Prague) reported on problems
in designing machinery for nigh-speed forming. Other papers
dealt with problems relating to the change in the plastic
properties of steels - particularly, the problem was solved
of determining the critical impact speed at which the cohesion
of the steel is impaired during cold-forming. This is
particularly important for explosion forming. Equally of
interest are the results of investigation of the stresses and
strains in a cylinder subjected to high-speed upsetting. In
the second part of the symposium, two papers were read relating
to problems of the service life of the extrusion dies, the
conditions pertaining to extrusion of high-alloy steels and to
extrusion of cladded profiles; the obtained results indicate
that such a technology will be economical not only in the
manufacture of rods and profiles from steels which are difficult
to shape but they may also prove favourable in the manufacture
of tubes cladded with high-alloy steels. The technology of
extrusion and volume forging in the cold state has been discussed
Card 2/3

Z/034/6o/ooo/oil/007/009
E073/E335
International Symposium on New Trends in Forming Technology
in great detail.
F. Griffiths (Austin Motor Co.Ltd., Great Britain) reported
on the results of economic analysis of special production lines
for automatic mass production of cold-formed components, During
the third day, papers were read and discussed an the use of dies
and on hot die forging. The conditions for selecting steel and
its treatment in relation to the service life and stresses
of forging dies in operaiion were discussed.
Ing. Ullmann (Switzerland) gave several examples of economic
manufacture of dies by electro-erosion machining.
Ing. Tarmann (B8hler, Austria) presented a paper on precision
forging of blades for steam and gas turbines; a brief summary
of this paper is given. The blades are forged with a grinding
addition not greater than 0.3 mm; the thickness tolerance varies
between 0.1 and 0.25 mm for a blade length of 500 mm. The
profile accuracy for the same length is 0.15 to 0.3 mm
Card 3/3

-EIYMARK, Jjrjinz.; SEDENKA., Otakar, inz.
Formation of conchoidal fracture in superheated steel. Rut listy
16 no.82546-552 Ag 161.
1. Vyzkumny ustav,, Vitkovicke zelezarny Klementa Gottvalda,
Ostrava.

- ELPMARKP jo-
'Forging machines and forging technoloe by (prof., dro, inzel
Prantisek Drastik. Reviewed by Je Elfmark. Hut listy 16 no.9:680-Ul
S 161.

17-514-62 EWP(q)/BDS AMC/ASD JD
ACCF.SSION UR-. AP3601-431- Z/0034/63/OW/006/0407/01415
AUTHORi Elfmark, Jo (Engineer, Scienoe Candidate)
tl=t The influence of the degree of rorgin d pressing on the mechanical
in
i 9
properties of metals
SOURCEt Hutnicke 31styo no. 6., 19630 4017-415
TOPIC TAGSs forgingp pressing, forging limits
ABSTRAM The article deals with the impror7lemenv/1,1of mechanical properties that may
.be obtained in steel ingots that are subjected trorging operation-s. The author
conducted experiments using Czech steel CSN 16251; this steel contains 0.46-0-55%
0.72-1.02% Mn,, 0.23-0.55% Si., .1.98-2_._2_5_% -Ni 6-
0.1 0.29% Cr. 0.18-0.27% V., 0.02-
P., 0.017-0.049% S. Forging operation improved all the mechanical properties
'of steel. There is a limit to the number of forging operations that still show a
tsatisfact6ry, result* The degree of forging is measured by the decrease of the cross-
sectional-area; should this be one-half of the original, then the degree of forging
is 2. Optimum results are obtained vrith values of 2 to 4. The metallurgical prop-
'erties of the ingot play an important role. Ibcpcriments were conducted to determine
how far pressing of the ingot could improve the properties by replacing forging
I.Cord 1/2 ......

L 17514-63
ACCESSION NRt AP3001437
,operations # The pressing operation changed both the cross sectional area and the
length of the ingot* The-degreo of forging was then expressed with respect to the
Isectional area at the start of forging operations. The overall changes iTere e)Tress
led as the ratio of the original and -final cross sectional areas* An equation ex-
pressing the optinm improvement is preserv~edt PK - A sub n x P sub n x K being
;equal or greater than 3 where PK is the overall degree of forging operations, A is
~2 0.7, n - nwnber of pressing operationsj F - degree of pressing, K a rAtio of cross'-
sectional areas of the ingot at the beginning and at the end of operations. Orig.
art, hast.28 figures, 3 tables.
~&SSOCIATIOII: Vyzku!nny Ustav Metalurgiclqr VZMj, Ostrava (Research Institulte of
.Metallural Klement Gottwald Iron Works at Vitkovice)
SUBMITTEDt 00 DAIE AGO.; O8Jul63 EMILs 00
ISUB CODE: UL.IEL NO REF SOVS 007 OTIM: 021
i Card __2/21-

ELFMARK Jiri-inz.
Effect of ihe high heating temperature on the mechanical properties
of steel. Sbornik skol ban 8 no.3:329-343 162.
1. Vy2kumny ustav, Vitkovice 2elezarny Klement& Gottwalda.

ELFMARK, JiriP inz CSo.
- -
Effect of the degree of forging and upsetting on the mechanical
properties of forgings. Hut listy 18 no.6s4O7-415 Je 163.
1. Vyzkumny ustav meta~urgicky, Vitkovicke zelezarny Klementa
Gottwalda, Ostrava.

Acussioti tiR, A?4010411
Z/0034/64/000/00VO022/0027
AUT11ORs.. Elfmark#,,, Jiri, (Engineer, Candidate of sciences)
TITLE: Effect of titanium addition upon improvement of deformability of steel
containing 24% Cre
SOURCEs Hutnicke listyp noe 1, 1964,, 22-27
TOPIC TAGS: steel, steel hot working, Aeal deformability, chronium alloyed
steel,, titanium alloyed steel# titaniumq shock bending test, hot twist test
ABSTRACT: The effect of titanium addition upon deformability of CSN 17 o6l. steel
was studied* When large Ingots or this steel containing titanium additions of
0.2% were forged at 1050C, very large cracks appeared. Shock bending and hot
twist tests indicated that an addition of 0*5 to 04% Ti greatly improves the
steel's hot workability, Metallographio analysis showed that intercrystalline
cracks appear above =0 in stools without Ti content or only with a small one.
Their origin cannot be attributed to the presence of sustenite on the ferrite
grain boundaries since the intercrystalline cracks also originated in bensficiated
Card 1/2

AccasioN NRs Aphoio4u
heats in which there was no austenite in;the structure. The favorable effect of
an 0*5 to 04% Ti addition In found in the refinement of the grain# a reduction in
the nonhomogeneity 9f the steel in the cast state and augmentation of the 3t06118
deoxidation and denitrificatione Forgings from CSN 17 061 ateel containing 004 to
0o6% Ti additions have been conwroLaW produced from 5 ton ingots* uAuthor
wishes to thank his colleagues* Engirears He Tomasova and Oe Sedenkov for conduct-
ing the mtaLlographic taste" Orige art, has: 14 figures and 4 tablese
ASSOCIATIONs VyzkuwW ustav VZWj Ostrava (VZW lbsearch Mutitute)
SUBMITTEDs 00 DATE AOQI' O7Feb64 EXCLs 00
SUB CODEs ML NO REY SM 003 OTHEM 005
&rd 2/2

/FwPf0/:--4P'(b) JD
-ni --ontaining Cr , Kn - w - and v s-
tt
s
aa,; r c tan't-to--we-&r at theee temperaturec
i -6is
SOURCE: Hutnicke listy, no. 12, 1964, glu-911
,Ue% Ftrpngth. beat resistant steel,
TOPIC TAGS: tcol steel, rupture Gtrength, fatir
weer resigtant ferrous alloy, carbide
7)-)o article is wi abstract of Pn-?ri-~ At)-' c t i ---) nMass
'011 "-7~2 -1 `~ ~ ~ ; ~~ " ' ".:-' ~' 4 '. ~! :1 "
..r -A3, dated 1~ Dc~c
:f")mposition of the steel. it
6% C;r, 9 10. t
-1 Yfj o. /o
V 'I'lie V c o n t a n t i P s 1)b!~ F1 :7
hap q
"I-r too! sLaals. 7~-j e ; f,; P
-~slstant, and keeps its stren7th f1t n', ~7
p --jrauu~,)6 and does no t; c rack itnula r w- 7~
0urd 1/2

L 62736-65
ACCESSION UR: Ap5o?-14li
'r,.,ghly resintant to temporature changes. The V content and the fomation of
. -x arbides are the reason for Its reeistanct, t- high t~mn,-raf.ijr-s.
ASSOCIAMM none
.SnMITTED: 05Dcc63 ENCL: 00 SU-B COM P1014, AS
-7 SCV., (Y~C
OTRTR: CO-0
C,,d 2/?-

a)/EWP(b)/&4A(c) JD/HW
AUTHOR: Elfwark rg Candidate of sciences)
TITLEt Calculation of the forging reduction ratio for forging@ with a aseect a larger
that the ingot section
SOURCEs Nutnicke liatyl no 29 1965, 96-10
TOPIC TAGSt metal for"I steel/MN U25i steel
ABSTRACT: Th find a method of calculating the forging reduction mtio, for forginge of
larger section than the initial section of the ingots, an 1w(Testigation was made of
the influence of the degree of u1notting on the properties-16f css 16251 steel. A
equation is derived* Orig. art. has 7 rmilas, 19 graphaq and'3 tables.
ASSOCiATIoNt yywwww ustav newargickT vzo, Ostrava (Research institute for
Metallurgy)
SUBMITTEDt 00 ENCL: 00 SUB ODDEx NK
RD MW SOY t 003 OTWS OA, im

WP(k)/13/TF(t/'jrET1 IJF(c) 'Jupw
ACC NRs APW26()()7 WUKLZ UUJ1',9 t;Z,/VVW/O;P/VVV/VA.--IVQ.2.7/%Kk
AUT11OR: Elfeark, i1xi (Docent; Sngineer;.Candidate of aciencen)
ORG: lletaliura~cal Research Institute, Klement GottwOA Vitkovice. Iron Works. Ontri
(Vyzkamiy ustav mtalurgioky VZKG) -
TITIE: Computation of the forging reduction degree of billets extended b7 HarArol
forging _ t<
SOURCE: Hutnioke listy, no* 12,1965, 835-859
TOPIC TAGS: metal forging, mechanical engineering
ABSTRACT: The author presents derivation of equations unod for the calculation
of the degree of forging reductione Ori a irt. 12ast 7 Ogurest:-19 formLlast 9xA
abTj LJ-PRS: 34,272/
2 tables. ffiazed on author's Eng&
SUB CODE-t n9 13 / SUBM DAM none / GRIG REF: 002
afs.

SOURCE CODE: C
AUT110Rz Burda, Svatcpluk (Engineer); Elfmark, M(Enginoor;,Candidato 6f sciencas)j
Turon, Slavomir (Engineer)
ORG: Xlement GotUrald Vitkovice Iron Works, Ostrava (Vitkovialm zelezarrW KG)
TITTZ : Optimum forged xings manufacturing technique
SOURCE: Hutnicke listv. no. 1, 1966, 3"3
TOPIC TAGS: metal forging, metallurgic industry
ABSTRACT: The manufactuxe of rings by the mandrel forging technique is discusse,
The optimim'forging reduction dogroo is a product of partial reduction degrees resul..
tingfromthe stages of: forging of the billet, forging of the disk, and the =Aral
fa-ging process. An equation for the optimum diamtor of the original billet in
derived. It states that this diamotor equals thr, cubo root of -the product of a coef-
flelent and of tho weight of the forGing billet dividad by the product of the wall
thipkness of the ring and its height; Nothods for-calculation of the constant are
given* Ori - art* has: 3 figures, 24 formulas and 6 tables. CBased on author's
Eng. abstY jJ7PHSt 34,51
SUB CODEs 13, 05 1 s none / ORIG RSF: 006 / SOV RFF:,.001

ACI NR.
AP6032759 SOURCE CODE: CZ/0057/66/000/008/0392/0397
AUTHOR: _~~fgark- j~,_(Engineer; Candidate of sciences); Foldyna, V. (Engineer;
iandidate of sciences)
l
ORG: Metallurgical Research Institute, VZKG, Ostrava (Vyzkumny ustav metalurgicky
VZKG)
TITLE: Production and properties of large forgings from heat resistant modified 12Z
chrome steels CSN 17 134 and CSN 17 135
SOURCE: Hutnik, no. 8, 1966, 392-397
TOPIC TAGS: chromium steel, steel forging, solid mechanical property
ABSTRACT: Two grades of modified 122 chrome steel have been developed particularly
for use in superheated (600 C) and high-pressure electric generating equipment, such
as superheater chambers, steam lines, and for large forgings such as mixing chambers,
as well as for steam turbine wheels. Chemical composition and mechanical properties
of the two grades are tabulated. Some difficulties in forging austenitic and other
grades of steel are described as related to the formation of ferrite delta, but 20 or
30% ferrite delta in CSN 17 134 does not adversely affect its slabbing and upset rol-
-ling, apparently due to its content of Vanadium or titanium. Slabbing tests on 4-ton
ingots are described at 1000 and 1200 C and further reductions were rolled at 950 C
without doUger of cracks. Mechanical properties of CSN 17 135 were tested after

AP6032759
further forging in steps down to 125 mm diameter and after various types of heat tre
ment. Examples are given of proper cooling and heat treatment for large forgings, a
of mechanical properties in a steam turbine wheel made from a 4-ton ingot of CSN
17 134 and of another made of CSN 17 135. Heat treatment of and tests on these two
sample forgings are described in detail. Orig. art. has: 4 formulas, 6 tables, and
7 figures.
SUB CODE:-'llj SUBH DATE: none/ ORIG REP: 004/ OTH REP: 004

ELIFOND, M.A,,:dotsent; PLATONOVA, N.F.,, vrach
Prevention of skin diseases in the workers of the "Oktiabri"
Plant. Nauch. trudy Kub. gos. med. inst. 19:48-55 162.
(MIRA 17:8)
1. Iz kafedry kozhnykh i venericheskikh bolezney (zaveduyushchiy
prof. L.A. Neradov) Kubanskogo gosudarstvennogo meditsinskogo
instituta.

AUTHOR: El' gard, A.M. 32-12-44/71
TITLE: Coercive Force Meter for the Control of the Quality of the Thermal
Treatment of Steel Details (Koertaitimetr dlya kontrolya
kaohestva termicheskoy obrabotki at&l'nvkh detaley).
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 1957, Vol. 23, Nr 12, pp. 1504-1505 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The principle of the construction of the apparatus, the wiring
circuit of which is given here, is based upon the connection between
the coaroitive force and the quality of the thermal treatment of
some brands of steel. For the purpose of determining coeroitiva
force, the detail to be examined is magnetized up to saturation,
after which it is de-magnetized. The amperage necessary for de-mag-
netization is taken as a measure of coeroitive force and thus also
as a suitable characteristic of the thermal treatmeat of the detail
in question. As the lowest amperage such an average is assumed at
which the plate of the pondercmotive indicator falls off. According
to the position of the indicator plate the hardness of the detail
can be judged. The signal lamps of the apparatus begin to bum as
soon as its adjustment corresponds to the hardness of the detail,
Card 1/2 and they continue burning until the detail to be examined rests

Coercive Force Meter 'or the Control of the Quality of 32-12-44/71
the Thermal Treatment of Steel Details
upon the magnetic poles. The scheme of the apparatus makes a com-
plete automation of control possible. The appaxatua is used most
frequently in the USSR for the control of needles and similar
small details made of steel in various apparatus. There are 2 fig-
ures, and I Slavic reference.
AVAILABLEi Library of Congress
Card 2/2 1. Steel-Heat treatment 2. Meters-Coercive force

AUTHORS: El'gard, A.M., Ginzburg, S.K. 32-1-39/55
TITLE: Control of Quality in the Thermal Treatment of Steel Patti
According to Their Magnetic Permeability in Wi= Piel"
(Kontrollkachestva termicheskoy
obrabotki stallnykh detaley po magnitnoy pronitsavemosti v
oblasti srednikh poley).
PERIODICAL: Zavoaskaya Laboratoriya, 1958, Vol. 24, 'Nr 1, pp. 96-iOl (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In the present paper a certain type of transformer is described as
a highly sensitive indicator of structural deviations in steel.
This transformer consists of an open magnetic chain, where the
steel object to be investigated is connected within the magnetic
circuit. In the case of a source of a constant magnetic voltage,
the current in the first transformer winding corresponds to the
magnetic permeability of the steel object to be investigated.
Therefore, the voltage which is formed by the induction in the
second winding of the transformer, represents a function, which
corresponds to the magnetic permeability of the steel object in the
respective range of the magnetic field. Measurements in this case
are carried out according to the differential scheme after attain-
Card 1/2 ing magnetic equilibrium in the compensation winding, which is

Control of Quality in the Thermal Treatment of Steel Parts 32-1-39/55
According to Their Magnetic Permeability in Hedium Fields
brought about by means of an additional control winding and a re--
sistance. In the chapter: Experimental part numerous examples of
the application of this method with respect to the most usual
steels in the USSR (20,45,110,38XA,18XBBA and P18) are given for
various kinds of thermal treatment. This method is well suited for
the purpose of determining the degree of hardness of the steel. An
exception is formed by sharp cutting steels, which, because of
their special thermal treatment, are subjected to complicated
structural changes, which renders application of this method diffi-
cult. For this purpose it is necessary, in addition, to carry out
a control of miorostruotural changes and to take them into account.
At present this method is used for the purpose of controlling the
production of needles made from "P18" steel (in the USSR). There
are 4 figures, 2 tables, and 4 Slavic references.
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 2/2 1. Quality, control-Methods 2. Transformer-Nomenclature

e(2) SOV/32-25-2-48/78
:)JTIIOR Ellgard, A. M.
TITLE: An Electromagnetic Thickness Gauge for Measuring Coatings With
a Rod-*shaped Measuring Device and Improved Accuracy (Elektro-
magnitnyy tolshchemer pokrytiy so sterzhneobraznym datchikom
i povyshennoy stabillnontlyu pokazaniy)
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 1959, Vol 25, Nr 2, pp 223-225 (USSR)
ABSTMkC T: The apparatus described is designed for determinations of
the thickness of non-magnetic coatings on a magnetic base
(Fig 1). The measuring device of the apparatus is a rod-shaped
transformer consisting of a steel core (steel S.20) with two
coils (Fig 2) and enclosed in a steel cylinder with a length-
wise slit (to attenuate Foucault currents). The distribution
of the magnetic current over the rod depends on the (non-
magnetic) distance between the bottom end of the measuring
device and the metallic base, i.e. on the thicknesz of the
coating. Since the measuret!~ents made by this apparatus are
based on the differential method, the apparatus is provided
with a compensation unit (Fig 3) whose design is similar to
that of the measuring device. The primary coils of the two
Card 1/2 units are connected in series and supplied with oUrrent from

An Electronnenctic Thickness Gauge for Measuring Coatings SOV/32-25-2-48/78
With a Rod-shaped Meanuring Device and Improved Accuracy
an A.C. (50 cycles) stepdown transformer. The current forming
in the secondary coils is then fed to Grdtz rectifiers. The
scale of the device is graduated for measuring ranges of
0
0-5p, 0-200p and 0-500P. The effect of the magretic properties
0
of the materials investigated was studied on tr-~nsformer-
and armco irons as well an steels with a hi.-h c-~rbon content
and steel alloys of the U 16, R 10, 18 KhNVA, KhVG grades.
The divergencies in the measurements were 10-2%', the effect
P
of magnetic properties was, however, only one-fifth of t'.,,.e
iffect to be found in the case of measurin- devices based
on cbanging magnetic resistancez. There are 3 fic-res.
Card 2/2

28(4) SOV32-25-4-41/71
AUTHOR., Ellgard~ A. M.
TITLE: Coercimeter With &'Device for the "Magnetic Preliminary Treat-
ment" of the Products to Ba.Controlled (Koertsitimetr s
u9troystyom dlya "magnitnoy-podgotovkill kontrolirayemykh izdeuy)
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya Laboratoriyal 1959, Vol 25, Nr 4, Pp 479-480 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: A differential coetcimeter (Ref 1) was worked out, in which the
influence of-the primary magnetic state of the articles to be
tested is excluded by a-"magnetic preliminary treatment" pro-
duced by a f6ur-to-sixfold commutation of the magnetizing cur-
ren-1G. The device (Pigure of the circuit) consists of an electro-
magnet with a ponderomotive ihdicator of the demagnetization,
the magnetizing and demagnetizing wiring, the current-feeding
ufiit and the relay scheme. The electromagnet with the indicator
is the transmitter of the'device and carries out the repeated
magnetization and demagnetization. All necessary commutations
are automatic by means of the relay, the operation of which is
desaribed by means of a sketah. The device makes it possible to
test about 300 articles an hour. There are I figure and 1 Soviet
reference.
Card 1/1

25(5)
AUTHOR:
TITLE:
PERIODICAL:
ABSTRACT:
Card 1/2
Ellgard, A. M.
05756
SOV/32-25-10-45/63
An Automatic Goeraimeter With Ferrotranamitter for the
Quality Control.,of the Thermal Working of Steel Parts
Zavodakaya-laboratoriya, 1959v Vol 25# Nr 109 pp 1256-1256
(USSR)
An automatic coercimeter for the magnetic series control of
the quality of thermal treatment was constructed. The measure
for the coercive force and indirectly of hardness is the
amperage of the current of the demagnetized object which had
previously been magnetized up to saturation. For magnetiza-
tion and demagnetization (Fig) an additional electromagnet is
used, between the poles of which the portion of the part to
be tested is located. The device.ronsists of the electro-
magnet with a ferrotranamitter', a phase-sensitive measuring
arrangement, a magnetization- and demagnetization circuit,
the working mechanism with a relay system, and the current
supply block. The measuring system contains a microammeter
of the type US-200. The schematical representation of the
device shows that selenium rectifiers of the types VS-15 and
VS-45 as well as relays of the type MKU-46 were used. Before

05756
An Automatic Coercimeter With Ferrotransmitter for the SOV/32-25-10-45/63
quality Control of the Thermal Working of Steel Parts
determination, the corresponding demagnetization current is
adjusted according to a standard sample (of known hardness).
If, during measurement of the sample, the latter's coercive
force should be higher or lower than that of the standard
sample, the investigated part will be either not entirely
demagnetized or hypermagnetized, so that the indicator of the
measuring device (which had been adjusted to zero during
adjustment to the standard sample) will 'be displaced propor-
tional to the difference between the coercive force of the
sample and the standard sample. The device may be calibrated
according to units of hardness, so that hardness may be read
off directly. The many years during which the device has been
used for the hardness control of parts made from steel of the
type 18KhNVA showed that the normal sensitivity of hardness
measurements (with an accuracy of 1-2 HHS) is not influenced
by the variations-6 .f the chemical composition (within the
permitted limits for the respective type of steel). There
are I figure and 4 Soviet references.
Card 2/2

85878
9,1.2/710 (32-61311162,) S/048/60/024/011/014/036
.11/1 79,00 //'/~) Boo6/BO56
AUTHORS: Zaytseva, V. I., Pasynkov, R. Ye , Pozern, V. 1.9
Ellgardl A. M.
TITLE: The Dielectric Propertie of Polarized Ceramics in
Strong, Variable ElectFI-c Fields ~\
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR. Seriya fizicheskaya, 1960,
Vol,, 24P No. 11, PP. 1357 - 1361
TEXT: The present paper is a reproduction of a lecture delivered on the
3rd Conference on Ferroelectricit , which took place in Moscow from
January 25 to 30, 1960. The authors measured the dependence of thedielec-
tric.constant and of the tangent of the loss-angle of polarized ceramics
upon the applied electric field strength, and give a report on the re-
sults obtained. In the introduction, the theory of the problem is brief-
ly dealt with, and L. P.Kholodenko is mentioned. The measurements them-
selves were made in parallel- as well as in series connection, for which
purpose a pulse operation resonance method was used. With a pulse dura-
tion of 10-20 msec and an interval between the pulses of 1-5 see it was
Card 1/4

85878
The Dielectric Properties of Polarized S/048J60/024/011/014/036
Ceramics in Strong, Variable Electric Fields Boo6/BO56
found that the samples were practically not heated. The measurements of
voltage and current as well as the control of the shape (of voltageandcar-
rent) in pulseoperation was carried out by means of an oscilloscope of the
type 3H0-1 (ENO-1) with a frequency of 10 kc/sec. The temperature of the
sample was controlled by means of a thermocouple. The samples were all
produced in the same manner and had a thickness of 1-55 mm. The sample
heated up to Curie point was polarized in a constant electric field of
0.8 kv/mm (1 hour), after which it was cooled down to room temperature
in stages. EI and tan 6 as a function of E were measured on samples of
zz
three different compositions: 1) BaTiO (broken curve: non-polarized
- 3
sample); 2) 94% BaT103 - 6% CaTiO 3' and 3) 95% BaT '03 - 51yfa CaTi 03
0.75% COC03. The results are shown in the attached Figure. The course
taken by the curve is discussed in detail. The experimental results
agree in E-ranges, where no depolarization occurs, qualitatively with
the theoretical results. There are 3 figures and 6 references: 2 Soviet,
3 US, and 1 Canadian.
Card 2/4

85878
8/04 60/P24/011/014/036
BOo6yBO5.

Carh
.3/4

~

4
4
4

Cw~d
0
3/048/60/024/011/ 14/036
Boo6/BO56

5879
~3 3,,23&34) S/048/60/024/011/01 5/036
(// 4 114 -1-) Boo6/BO56
AUTHORS: Velyukhanovap G. A., Pasynkov, R. Ye.j Pozernt V. I-.f
Ellgard, A. M.
TITLE: The Piezoelectric Iropertieslof Polarized Ceramics in
Strongp_Variable Electric Fields ~\
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademli nauk SSSR. Seriya fizicheskaya, 1960,
Vol. 24, No- 11, pp. 1362 - 1365
TEXT: The present paper is a reproduction of a lecture delivered on the
-3rd Conference on Ferroolectricity, which took place in Moscow from
January 25 to 30, 1960. Under the same assumptions as made in Ref.1 ' the
authors calculated the dependence of the piezomoduli d 33 and d31 upon
electric field strength; for the case of tetragonal symmetry, they obtain
(10)(E ) . 6(l)(E ); d(1)(E 29 31 POZ .6(1)(E ); the super-
33 z 4n zz z 31 Z) 4'9 zz z
script (1) denotes that the first harmonic is investigated; the Oik are
Card 1/3

85879
The Piezoelectric Properties of Polarized S/04a/60/024/011/015/036
Ceramics in Strong, Variable Electric Fields B006/BO56
the electrostriction coefficients, P oz the components of polarization.
It further holds that &(')/S,zo , d(1 - d(l = f(ez). The
ZZ 33)/d330 31)/d310
third subscript o means that the moduli have been measured in the case
of very weak fields. The field strength dependenoe of the piezo-moduli
was measured on cylindrical samples which were radially and tangentially
polarized, viz. for the following substances: 1) BaTiO 31 2) 95%BaTiO 3
16
+ 5%CaTiO 31 and 3) BaT 1, + 0-75% COCO 3' To the sample (which was in the
air), pulses with 8 kc/see were applied with a pulse duration of 5 m4ec;
the mechanical resonance frequency was about 15 kc/sec. The temperature
of the samples, which practically did not change either at -8 kv/cm,
was controlled by means of thermocouples, and could be varied between
-20 and +400C. The results obtained, whigh,are shown in diagrams, may
be summarized as follows: 1) the ratio dkl)/d in all samples increases
ik iko
with the field strength (up to -4.5 kv/cm), 2) in fields of more than
4-5 kv/cm, P)/d 0 decreases rapidly for BaTi 03 , and less rapidly for
1k ik
Card 2/3

79
The-Piezoelectric Properties of Polarized S/048 60/024/011/015/036:
Cer~mics in Strong, Variable Electric Fiblds BOO YB056-'
the-second composition, and.inoreases.further for the third composition
of the samples- 3) The behavior of d(l) and dMagrees qualitatively.
33 31
4) ~he curves (in both directions) d(l record'ed at 8 kv/cm~
ik)./diko ' f(E-)
in ~he course of 30 Ri Int take a completely equal course for compositions,
2 ahd 3 (Curves 3 and-4), and for 1. the curves recorded in the two direc-
tions (Curves 1 and 2) deviate from each other (cf. the attached figure).
There is qualitative-agreement with the theory. There are 4 figures and
6 references: 4 Soviet, I US, and I Canadian.
dId
2
_IL_ :Ac: 4-
6T

Card 3/3..
4 WrM

27713
S/12o/61/000/003/026/o4i
E194/EI55
AUTHORt Ellgard, A.M.
TITLZs Measurement oFthe permittivity and dielectric loss
in strong electric fields.in the ultrasonic range
PERIODICALs Pribory i tekhnika skaperimenta,1961,No-3, PP-151-153
TEXTt The special feature of the equipment described is that
it permits measurements under impulse condItions without heating
the specimen. It uses a simple device to measure the-first
harmonic of current when the wave shape is much distorted. It is
difficult to measure the properties of piezoceramic materials in
strong fields because the specimens become heated by dielectric
loss. The equipment described in intended to measure permittivity
and dielectric loss in semiconductors an functions of field
strength in the sonic and ultrasonic frequency ranges. The
equipment uses a resonance substitution method based on a parallel
circuit. -in this way a good matching'can be obtained with the
generator. The parallel circuit method in also convenient for
operating in strong fields, because the high voltage applied to the
specimen can easily be measured by a voltmeter or cathode ray
Card 116

2771
Measurement of the permit-tivity-and.... S/l2o/6l/o6W003/026/041
E194/E155
oacillograph. To avoid heating the-specimens in strong fields the
measurements are made under impulse-conditions, so that the
specimen-is subjected to alternating-voltage only for a short time,
followed by a prolonged resting period. Tests showed that with
fairly short impulses of 5-10 milliseconds and considerable
intervals between impulses, may I - 5 seconds, heating of specimens
10-15 mm thick hardly occurs in fields up to 10 kV/cm. In
measurements on small thin specimens with forced cooling by a flow
of air or oil the duration of the impulse can be significantly
greater. The measurIng circuit consists of an inductance coil and
a variable reference capacitor (made up of mica capacitors) and
a variable air capacitpr. By altering the changeover switch
either the specimen to be measured or a reference resistance can
be connected into the circuit. The circuit including the specimen
is first tuned-to resonance by altering the standard capacitors.
The specimen is then disconnected and the circuit in again tuned
to resonance. The resistance box is then connected into the
circuit and the resistance is steadily decreased until the volt-
meter reading, which corresponds to the current in the circuit. is
the same an when the specimen was connected in circuit. The
Card 21S-

27713
S/12o/61/000/003/026/o4i
Measurement of the permittivity and ... 9194k/EI55
specimen capacitance in dotermined from-the change in reading of
the~stamdard capacitor. The equivalent resistance of the specimen
is used,to calculate the tangent of the loss angle. The measuring
circuit is supplied from.a special impulse generator in which the
duration of impulse and*the interval between impulses can be
controlled. An oscillograph type alo-l (ENO-1) is used to measure
the voltage applied to the circuit and the current passing through
it. Because of the selectivity of the tuned circuit any deviation
of the applied voltage wayeform from the sinusaidal causes a
considerable non-linear distortion of current'. This is
particularly so if the circuit is of high Q-factor. Measurement
of-specimens with non-linear properties also given rise to non-
linear current. An the resonance tuning and assessment of
Q-factor depends upon the current in the circuit, the distortion
of the current ways-shape makes meazursments,.dif4cult.And leads
to errors. Accordingly, a device was used-to measure the
fundamental harmonic of the current. It consists of an RCL
resonant mesh in which the low resistance is connected in the
current-carrying circuit. The device in based on the resonance
principle and tt.t voltage measured across the capacitor in the
Card 3/57

Measurement of the permittivity and. S/120/ 6217/710300/003/026/0 1
X194/E155
resonant circuit is greater*than that across the resistor by the
Q-factor of the circuit. The device is simple and works over a
wide range of frequencies from a-few kilocycles to tens of
megacycles. With this device it was possible to make measurements
on piezoceramic specimens with highly non-linear properties in
strong fields. Fig.2 showrcurves of the permittivity and tangent
of dielectric loss angle as-function of field strength for cerami .Lc
HaTiO3 at room temperature. The left-hand curve indicates the
pormi-tt-ivity and the-right-hand curve the tangent of loss angle.
The measurements were made at frequencies of 1-5, 2-20 and 3-100
kc/s. The errors in measurement of capacitance and tangsut of
loss angle under impulse-conditions when oncillographs were used
an measuring instruments and with-high losses in the specimen
(tan 6 -about 0.3) did -not exceed * 5% and � 15% respectively.
There.are 2 figures and,5 roferencess 4 Soviet and the following
English language references
Ref.3: K. Kambe,J. Nakada, H. Takahasi, Phys.Soc.Japan, 1953,
V01.8, 9.
SUBMI'.'TED: July 22, 1960
Card 4/5

23116
S/18i/61/003/005/021/042
B136/1201
AUTHOR: Ellgardy A. Mo
TITLE: Dielectric constant and dielectric loss angle in seignetto-
electric substances as functions of electric field ntrength
between 50 cycles and 100 kilocycles
PERIODICAL: Fizika tverdogo tela, v. 3. no- 5, 1961, 1485 - 1492
TEXT: Practical use of seignettoelectrio substances requires a knowledge
of their dielectric properties in strong and weak fields within a wide
frequency range. Since tan gin such substances attains values up to 0.3 -
0-4, the losses give rise to considerable heating which renders the study
of the dielectric properties very difficult, considering that both the die-
lectric constant E and tan& are highly dependent on temperature. Studies
conducted in the Past (Ref.l: K. Kambet 1. Nakadat a. H. Takabasit J. Phys.
Soo. Japang 8, 9, 1953, Ref.2: F. S. Zavellskiy, ShETF, 25, 479, 1953,
Rei'.3: Ye. V, Sinyakov and V. V. Gallpern# ZhETF, 30, 675,1956) involved
the use of pulse, continuous, and r(!onance methods. These and otherstudies
have shown & to drop in strong fields with rising frequency, whereas tan&
Card 1/7

%- I
\J
23116
S/181/61/003/005/021/042
Dielectric constant and B136/B201
at a high frequency is only little dependent upon the field strength.C
and tan& were measured from 5 to 100 kilocycles by the circuit shown in
Fig.l. The specimens were prevented from heating by pulsed application of
the electric field with long intervals, by cooling them with silicone oil,
and by the use of large electrodes. Current, voltage, and pulse shape were
supervised by an EHO -1 (YeNO-1) oscilloscope (V 1 and V 2 in Fig.i). E. was
measured with respect to Lhe second harmonic which, in turn, was measured
by means of a circuit embodying R connect' Li. and C1, which was adjusted
to this harmonic, The pulse generator IG (Fig.1) has a controllable output
voltage, output frequency, pulse duration, and dead time. Capacity and e-
quivalent resistance of the specimens were measured, and & and tan& were
calculated therefrom. The measurements of capacity and tan& were accurate
within 15 and +15%, respectively. At 50 cycles the two quantities were
measured with T Schering bridge of the type MAJT (MDP); at 0.4, 1, and 2.5
kilocycles with a Schering bridge TM-351-G manufactured by Tesla. BaTiO 3
and its solid solutions with 5 and 10% BaSnO 39 5% CaTiO 3p as well as 5%
CaTiO with cobalt traces (0-75~- COC03 ), in percentsby weight, were exam-
Card ~/7

s1 181/61/003/005/021/042
Dielectric constant and see B136/B201
ined. The first and second maximum of tan 8 coincide with the steepest asccnt
ofE . The behavior of the specimens can be -explained with the aid of the.
domain structure of seignettoelectric substances. The main results are sum-
marited as follows: 1) E(f) rises with growing E, and is strongest whenL(E)
passes through a maximum; in stronger fields the E(f) curve is smoothed a-
gain. In weak fields E is 'only little dependent upon f . 2) L (B) displays an
inflection in fields near the ooeraive field, ahd tanS displays a maximum.
This ie'indicative of a variation of the rate of growth of the orientation
polarization with- --bhe.-tield - 3) Maximum and inflection of E(E). shift with
growing.f toward stronger fiilldb. The frequency dependenc'e of E in weak
fields is determined by easily ahort-pariod rearrangement'-processes, with
the action of the field excedding the duration of rearrangement in every
semi-period. Therefore, in the audio-frequency'and ultrasonic ranges.,;Aoes
not depend on frequency. In case of higher field strengths, however, the
procespes with a higher critical field-strength and-duration of rearrange-
ment play a part -determining the frequency dependence -- . G. A. Smolenskiyj
Doctor of Physicai and M~the~atical Sciences, is thanked for advice and
discussions. The4 are 7 figures and 6 references:' 5 'Soviet-bloc and 1. n6n-
Soviet-bloc. The oat recent reference to English-lAnguage publication
Card 3/7

23-116
Dielectric constant and-...
8/181/61/003/005/021/042
B136[B201
.reads as follows: K. Kambet I* Ndkadat and H. Takahasi, J.Phys. Soc. Japan,
8, 9v 1953.
SUBMITTED: October '119'1960. initially).'
January 16, 1961 rafter revision)
Fig.1
Fig.t. Circuit diagram of measuring arrangement for F, and tan
.Legend: 1) Rconnect
Card 4/7

S/181/iPlrOO3/005/024/042
B108/B209
AUTHORs Ellgardt A. M.
TITLEt Investigation of the dependence of the dielectric constant
and of the tangent of the dielectric loss angle of polarized
seignettoelectric materials on the electric field strength
in the range between 50 cps and 100 ko/seo
PERIODICAL: Fizika tverdogo tela, v. 3, no- 5, 1961, 1515-1521
TEXTs The present paper is a continuation of earlier studies (Refs. 4,5s
A. M. Ellgard. FTT, v- 3# no- 5, 14831 A. M. Ellgard, V. I. Zaytseva,
R. Ye. Pasynkov, V. Pozern. Izv. AN SSSR, ser. fizich., No. 11, 1960)
concerning e - f(E) and tan 6 - f(E) at various frequencies. The samples
were polarized in a field of 1 kv/mm for one hour at a temperature near
their Curie point, after which they were gradually cooled down to room
temperature. The measurements were begun not before 36 hr after polari-
zation. In the range of 5-100 kc/sec, E and tan S were measured by the
method of resonance substitution (Ref- 4) with pulsed operation in order
to prevent heating of the samples. Measurements at 50 cps were made with
Card 1/3

23W
311811611003100510241042
Investigation of the dependence of ... BIOB/B209
the help of an MAIT (NDP) bridge. At 427 cps S was determined from the
current flowing through the samplep by means of an AC-3 (AS-3) analyzer.
The author used samples of BaTiOp solid solutions containing 95% BaM03
+ 5% CaTiO3 (by weight) and, in addition, such containing 0.75% by weight
of Coco 3* The author found that both the dielectric constant and tan t
show a rapid increase within a narrow range of electric field strengths.
Until this increase, polarized seignettoelectric muterials have a lower a
and tan 6 than unpolarized ones, but in stronger fields & and tan t of the
former materials exceed the gorresponding values of unpolarized samples
considerably. The harder the seignettoelectric substance and the greater
the residual polarization, the higher is the field strength at which a
rapid increase of t and tan S commences and the greater is the difference
in t - f(E) and tan A - f(E) of polarized and unpolarized seignettoelectric
materials. In the case of polarized seignettoelectric substances, the
maximum of the function a - f(E) appears sooner than in unpolarized ones.
This and the enhanced value of a in strong fields due to the action of a
constant field are after-effeots. The beginning of the sharp increase and
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S/181/61/003/005/024/042
Investigation of the dependence of ... B108/B209
the maximum of the function t - f(E), as well as the maximum of tan S.
of polarize&.seignettoeleotrio materials shift with rising frequency to-
ward higher frequencies. The frequency dependence of r of polarized and
unpolarized seignettoeleotric materials has the same character. Their
quantitative difference consists in that the frequency dependence of 9 of
polarized samples in strong fields is more pronounced and that the sharp
frequency dependence begins with weaker fields. The author thanks
G. A. Smolenskiy, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, for a dis-
cussion and for his interest in the work. There are 8 figures and 6 refer-
encest 5 Soviet-bloc and 3 non-Soviet-bloo. The reference to an English-
langu'age publication reads as followss D. A..Berlincourt, B. Jaffe,
G.-Jaffe. IRE' National' Convention Record,':L,* 227, 1959- *
SUBMITTEDs November 15, 1960 (initially); January 16, 1961 (after
revision)
Card 3/3

2111100
37940
S/181/62/004/005/035/055
B108/B112
AUTHOR: El I gard, A. 1".
TITLE: Dielectric properties of polarized ferroelectries in strong
electric fields
PERIODICAL: Fizika tverdogo tela, v. 4, no. 5, 1962, 1312 - 1319
TEXT: The deoendences of 9 and tanS on the electric field stronrth wore
studied on polarized and non-polarived SDeCimens of BaTiO and solid aolu-
tions of 95" by weight BaTiO 3
YO 3' + 50 by weight CaTiO3 at temperatures
ranging from -50 to +140 C. The frequencies were 50 ope and 10 kops.
The dielectric properties of polarized specimens differ considerably from
those of unpolarized ones. As temperature rises, the inflexion in the
~, - f(E) curves of the examined ferroelectrics is displaced toward lower
field strength considerably lose than the maximum on these curves. The
temDerature denendence of the dielectric constant in a strong field oharve
with increasing frequency. At low frequencies, it becomes smoother and
the mnximum is shifted to lower temperatures which is not the case at
Card 112

379jLl
11, -7 oo
8/181/62/004/005/036/055
B108/B112
U, 0.1
Anisotropy of the dielectric properties in a strong electric
field of forroolootrics pretreated in an electric field
Fizika tvordoeo tola, v. 4, no. 5, !962, 1320 - 1325
ft;'.:~XT: Z and tan.~ of forroelectrics pretreated in a constant or alternat-
ing electric field viere studied in respect of their chanees in a strong
electric alternating field (50 cps; 0 - 8 kv/cm). Previously to the
measure::.ents, the specimens viere cooled dovm from their Curie temperature
to room tezDerature in an alternating electric field of some 5 kv/cm, and
zu*--secuantly they were polarized in a field of 10 kv~cm. Fxperiments
.%,.,ere made at various temperatures between 20 and'100 C. Such treatment of
the snecimens caused a substantial dependence of 6(F) and tang (:-;) on the
direction of the field during pretreatment. Also the temperature de-
pervIences of the dielectric constant are different in the direction of the
field and perpendicular to it. The shift of the maximum of these functiais
to lower temperatures is stronger in the direction of the pretreatment.
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0,/181/62/004/005/036/055
Anisotrom of the dielectric properties ... B108/BI12
'These anisotropies increase with the intensity of the field applied. They
reach their maximum together with the dielectric constant. '..hen an alter-
natinE electric field acts upon a polarized forroeloctric it will destroy
the tex'uro of the latter. Accordingly, the dopolarization in the direc-
tion P,:rpendicular to the texture proceeds gradually with.increasing field
strenGth, but on the other hand the depolarization in the direction of the
texture takes place rapidly in a narrow band of field strengths. There
are 5 figures.
SU3'.fiTTED: September 2, 1961 ~initially)
January 12, 1962 kafter revision)
Card 2/2

ACCF_SS1ON NR* AP3004897 S/0120/63/000/004/0094/0097
AUTHOR: Eltgard, A. M.-
TITLE: Thermometer method of measuring dielectric lose in strong electric
fields
SOURCE: Pribory*1 tekhaika eksperimenta, no. 4, 1963, 94-97
TOPIC TAGS: dielectric lose, dielectric-lose measurement
ABSTRACT: This method is based on measuring the rate of the initial tempera- I
ture rise of a specimen due to dielectric loss. To avoid a too high rise: rat-e in
strong electric fields and at high frequencies, measurements are made under
low-duty-factor pulse conditions. The claimed error of dielectric-loss
measurement is 2076. BaTiO3 ferroelectric was used for testing the new instru-i
ment. Theoretical considerations, functional and circuit diagrams, and techni-
cal data are supplied in the article. Orig. art. has: 3 figures and Z formulae.
Card- l./

ACCESSION NR: AP4043378 s/ol8lA4/006/008/2502/2509
AUTHOR: El'gard, A. M.
TITLE: Effect of unilateral mechanical stresses on the dielectric
and piezoelectric properties of polarized ferroelectrics
SOURCE: Fizika tverdogo tela, v. 6, no. 8, 1964, 2502-2509
TOPIC TAGS: ferroelectric material, barium titanate, dielectric
property, piezoelectric property, ceiamic dielectric, lead compounds
polarization
ABSTRACTs This investigation is stimulated by the fact that the
effective mechanical stresses on ferroelectric properties have not
been sufficiently well studied, with the possible exception of BaTiO
3
ceramic, and by the fact that recently highly effective piezoceramic
materials have been developed on the basis of other ferroelectrics.
The author investigated the effect of unilateral mechanical stresses
Card 1/3

ACCESSION NRI AP4043378
on the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of polarized ceramic
ferroelectrics based on barium titanate, lead metaniobate, and lead
zirconate-titanate. The unilateral cpmpression was with the aid of
a special lever-type press. The samples were prisms 8 x 8 x 15 mm
with electrodes either on the ends or on the side faces, and were
always compressed along the height so that the mechanical st6sses
were oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the polarization
direction. The variation of the dielectric constant with the ap-
plied alternating voltage was obtained for the ferroelectrics both
in the compressed state and after removal of the load. This yielded
data on the reversible and irreversible variation of the piezoelec-
2)
tric moduli in both compression (-1200 kg/cM -and tension (-200
kg/CM2). The differences between the various compositions are
analyzed in detail. The results are interpreted on the basis of
notions concerning the reorientation of domains under the influence
of mechanical stresseso 'Origo art. has: 4 figures.
Card 2/3

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