WASTE HANDLING: NEW SOLUTIONS TO AN OLD PROBLEM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00244R000300390060-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 21
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 13, 2002
• Sequence Number: 60
• Publication Date: September 1, 1969
• Content Type: MAGAZINE

.Approved For RayO,ase 2002/05/07 :CIA-RDP86-00244R6~300390060-6
mew solution$
to an old problem
ay GEORGE IlOliIiIGAN, Associate Editor
A skyrocketing annual waste load that could reach 550 million tons by 1980 will
cease to be a critical problem. Instead, it will become a matter of survival. De-
spite tlae "Federal action through financial and technical assistance" culled for in
Publi-c Law 89-272, 89t1c Congress, S.306, it laas remained for private industry to
develop the necessary .waste handling and processing equipment and systems. A
review o f that equipment and those systems appears on the following Y 9 pages.
The average citizen of the United States produces five
pounds o.f trash every day. Combined with the total from
industry, the sheer quantity of solid waste material to be
disposed of in this country each year is estimated to be
over 360 million tons. And this figure is growing. Our
affluent society finds it easier to throw things away than
repair them. Advanced technology has given us a whole
line of indestructible plastics and detergents. And, the
public demand for disposable products and nonreturnable
containers has never been greater.
. Examples of waste generated in industry are also im-
pressive. The automotive industry generates a total of 50
pounds of corrugated trash for each automobile produced.
In 1968 9,000,000 cars were produced. The result was
450,000,000 pounds of trash, and that's only corrugated.
Then we factor in the broken pallets and crates, discarded
dunnage, steel strapping, etc., and we begin to see the
volume we're talking about: The United States produces
enough junk to fill the Panama Canal four times a year.
Then we must consider both the expected population
growth and a normal increase in industrial production.
By 1980, we could be handling an annual waste load of
550 million tons. At that time the problem will cease to be
critical. It will become a matter of survival!
At the present time, most methods for storing, collect-
ing, and disposing of solid wastes follow an elementary
system of gathering the unwanted materials, burning or
compacting them to reduce their volume, and burying
them at convenient locations. But Federal and State regu-
lations on incineration and landfill are becoming stricter.
Lack of proper air pollution control devices have forced
many plants in urban areas to shut down their burning
operations and turn exclusively to dumping. This increas-
ing dependence on landfill is creating a number of prob-
lems. As present disposal sites become filled, trash must
be hauled greater distances. This increases the cost and
creates political problem as larger cities seek to acquire
dump sites in neighborhoods outside their political juris-
dictions. In addition, of the 12,000 land disposal sites in
the United States, only six percent meet even the minimum
standards for sanitary landfills.
The Federal Government took a major step against
the tide of environmental pollution in October, 1965,
when President Johnson signed the Clean Air Act Amend-
ments and the Solid Waste Disposal Act (Public Law
89-272). Since that date, an intensive effort has been made
by several universities, city governments, and non-profit
organizations to devise methods and systems for eliminat-
ing much of our country's physical degradation.
Industry is also becoming more aware of the growing
solid waste problem. No one in industrial management
can overlook -the fact that continuous pollution of our
environment is poor public relations. But even more im-
portant to the industrial complex, refuse collection and
disposal is becoming an economic factor. Excessive han-
dling of trash at the point where it is generated can cut
deeply into corporate profits. Here is a concrete factor
which business understands. The next few years will see
vast strides in the development of new waste handling
techniques as American industries strive to achieve the
most efficient means of disposing of trash at the lowest
possible cost.
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 Solvin pt ~ ' an n +bl cal~.Phant t e of material " -~e compacted), and the loaded contain-
- involves~fli~~cO~~~r Otr`~e~e~~~/~5oi1`tt`t~i~DPe~~s~ ~?~~n a specially constructed
transport, and disposition. roll-off truck.
Collection equipment is becoming more sophisticated.
Some plants use small compaction units stationed at differ-
ent sections of the building. Others maintain refuse collec-
tion trains or portable compactors which ruri on regular
schedules throughout the factory.
At many truck docks, compactor and roll-off container
combinations serve the dual purpose of volume reduction
and transfer. Trash is dumped into the compactor, reduced
in volume approximately four to one (depending on the
A great deal of interest is being shown in the area of
waste processing. Shredding and baling have a promising
future for applications in solid waste handling. They offer
advantages in volume reduction and result in a better
utilization of landfill areas than passible with conventional
dumping methods.
The incinerator people have not gone out of business,
either. They are developing devices which will eliminate
In-plant collection equipmen$
Although the old steel trash can is still widely used, dis-
criminating plant managers are turning more and more
to the wide variety of new ideas for collecting in-plant
refuse.
Collection and distribution to a central container m'ay
be handled by conveyor, wheeled container, powered cart
or portable compactor. Choosing the correct one depends
upon irlctors such as volume of trash, aisle width, ease of
handling, etc.
If a compactor is used, the compactor manufacturer
may even have a full line of carts designed to suit the
compactor's dumping mechanism.
Thc?following illustrations arc good examples of typical
equipment. Perhaps there's one to suit your plant.
Rugged pickups are powerful, dependable
The Haulster from Cushman Motors is available in a choice
of four standard models and 8, 12, or 18 horsepower. All
are rugged, powerful and dependable vehicles designed for
light hauling and towing applications.. Haulsters can go
where other vehicles can't, and have a small 17-inch turn-
ing clearance circle. Precision engineered and ruggedly con-
structed, the Haulster needs little attention and performs a
variety of duties in thousands of plants from coast to coast.
The largest of the four models is the Wide Bed with an
area that's 53 inches by 57 inches. Ideal for in-plant refuse
collection, this model features mechanical dumping of the
full 1,000-pound capacity.
All four models are suited for hundreds of different uses
that include carrying refuse, parts, equipment and tools. The
model shown is the Cushman electric "Executive" with cab.
Dust-free cleanup with vacuum .loader and cleaner
The D P Way Corporation of Milwaukee has perfected a
.dust-free, large-capacity, mobile vacuum loader and cleaner
for use with a variety of industrial waste materials.
The Model 350 Ultravac industrial vacuum loader is
powerful enough to handle foundry sand, flue dust, fly ash,
mill scale, metal chips, and Portland cement-any material
that will fit through the unit's hose up to a bulk density of
200 pounds per cubic foot. Ultravac also provides a 150-
foot reach for removal of dirt from roofs, cranes, and pits.
The machine has a 4-cubic-yard capacity and a tight turn-
? ing radius. In addition, a continuous dust filtration system
? traps and holds minute dust particles within the collector's
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44
 most of N,z pc,llurrlAtp~hi'o~VielcbFiod i~QO~iIQ~lQ7
these devices a~ld to cost so most incinerators now avail-
able exceed the price range s-naller plants and communi-
ties can afford. But manufacturers are working on this
factor. Ncw ways may soon be found for lowering in-
cineration costs.
For cases where the dump sites are far from the
municipalities; the transfer station has bccn developed.
Regular refuse haulers dump their loads into centrally
located containers of much greater size. These in turn
are hauled to the landfill area many miles away, saving
equipment and man-hours and amortizing the cost of the
body making the entire operation dust free. The system is
self-cleaning and requires virtually no maintenance.
Three hose diameters are available-6 inch, 4 inch and
21/z inch-in lengths up to 150 feet.
Portable compaction unit
saves $400 per month
At the Aerodex, Inc. plant in Miami, Fla., in-plant waste was
handled in 55-gallon drums. By switching to a new M-B
MotoPack portable compactor unit, waste collection costs
have bccn reduced by an estimated $400 monthly and man-
hours have bccn cut by 40 hours a week, maintenance super-
intendent W. B. Lincoln reports.
The Moto-Pack is towed by a small industrial tractor to
various waste generation areas within the plant. At each
stop, the operator dumps a load of waste-paper, steel
strapping, cardboard or excelsior-into the loading hopper
of the compactor. Each load i autp~-i~tically ~Qgppt~~d 7
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In any case, all of these new innovations in waste han-
dling point to the fact that solid wastes arc no longer
being swept under the rug. Today, solid waste represents
in its collection and disposal a $5.0 billion dollar industry.
And that figure is rising. New companies arc getting into
the picture every day. Established equipment and systems
manufacturers are constantly necking new methods and
ideas in order to stay on tap of the problem.
In the following pages MHE presents a picture of
solutions offered by the latest in solid waste equipment,
systems, and ideas.
by a powerful hydraulic system until the maximum 5-cubic
yard capacity is reached.
When fully loaded, the compactor is towed to an outdoor
loading dock where the tightly-compressed material is auto-
matically ejected through the rear of the unit into a private
hauler's collection truck. Four to six collection trips arc
made daily.
The Moto-Pack is a product of the M-I3 Company, Ncw
Holstein, Wis. It is a completely self-contained unit having
a hydraulic compaction system much like the typical muni-
cipal garbage-refuse truck. It may be equipped with either
a gasoline or L-P gas engine to power the hydraulic pump.
Loading compaction and load ejection are handled auto-
matically with "one-lever" operation.
Refuse carrier .uses
the one-man principle
__
This new satellite garbage packer from Sani-Systems, Inc.,
New Hampton, Iowa, works with large trucks and needs
only one man for driving, picking up and unloading.
The large-capacity, two-cubic-yard machine packs as
much as 40 standard trash cans for greater efficiency. Sani-
tarrier's design features forward and backward travel with-
out having to turn the vehicle around. This permits speedy
and safe loading and unloading.
The system permits either curb, door or in-plant pickup
for reduced handling. Exclusive covers pack refuse and
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S~ptambar 1969 ~ i 43
 Approved For Rel~e 2002/05/07 :CIA-RDP86-00244ROOQ~$0390060-6
Co~~p~n~rizing means beg~er
payload, better ~ou~ekeeping
At present we are in an interim period. We know that
someday someone will come up with a device that disposes
of solid waste materials completely, right at the plant site.
We'll just push a button and the refuse will be gone - no
smoke, no ash, no unpleasant odors.
Unfortunately, the device hasn't been invented yet.
Until it is, we are committed to landfill as the primary
method of ultimate waste disposal. This being the case,
industry must have a sanitary method of storing waste
and an efficient means of transporting it to disposal sites.
Compactor/container combinations and mobile hauling
equipment give just this type of service. They eliminate
incineration, provide boxing of all waste material at one
central location, and maintain good housekeeping. No
trash-filled, fly-infested open container is left standing
out behind your plant. Other advantages of containeriza-
tion are: .
? Cost savings: Compressing large amounts of trash
into one container means fewer pickups, fewer fees for
service.
? More useable space: Many older industrial buildings
and department stores have rooms set aside for rubbish
storage. This takes up valuable space and presents a con-
stant fire threat. Containerized storage releases this space
for more productive use.
? Pilferage is prevented. When trash is taken out of
a building and dumped directly into a compactor, after-
hours retrieval of merchandise hidden in among the car-
tons is impossible.
The following illustrations are good examples of avail-
able containerized handling equipment. In addition to
stationary compactor units, we have included other
specialized types of solid waste handling equipment which
may prove even more economical for certain applications.
Stationary compactor handles 200 yards of waste daily
How do you get rid of 200 cubic yards of industrial trash
every day? This was the problem of Jim Shaffer, plant
manager for the Smithers Company in Kent, Ohio. The
company manufactures a plastic foam material used in
making floral displays. The refuse piles up from raw mate-
rial containers and a large volume of foam waste.
As production increased, the cost of refuse disposal grew
steadily. The independent hauler who serviced Smithers was
just managing to stay on top of the situation. The eight con-
tainers which he supplied held a total of 44 cubic yards.
Some days production generated more waste than they
could hold, even with three daily collections. When this..
happened, the overflow was dumped on the ground and two
employees had to spend two hours each collection stop
helping the hauler load the over-flow into the packer truck.
The over-flow of trash was unsightly, unhealthy, and con-
stituted afire hazard.
Determined to fled a solution, Shaffer and McFarland
(the refuse contractor) decided on a Perfection-Cobey
containerization system. It consists of a Cobey stationary
packer, two 40-cubic-yard steel containers that hook up to
the packer, and a Flcetainer truck that picks up loaded
containers and takes them to a landfill-for dumping.
y~ e p c c the Station-Pak and containers for the
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collected in 1-cubic-yard wheeled containers in various 't'he system has been in use for one year. It has eliminated
-parts df the plant. These are then rolled to the packer
and dumped. The Station-Pak can be set on time, auto-
matic, or manual control cycles. It digests refuse as fast as
it is dumped into the hopper, packing the 200 yards of
most of the problems of the old system,-and has the capacity
to handle three or more times the current volume. Shaffer
estimates that his collection costs have dropped by more
than 50 percent.
New packers come in three sizes
A new line of stationary packers in three different sizes is
^ow available from.the Mid Equipment Corporation,
Grundy Center, Iowa.
The Model 100 is designed for use with any container
from 2 to 40 cubic yards in capacity. The charging hopper
has a capacity of 1 yard, and the charging ram provides a
packing force of 25,000 Ib.
Model 200 is designed for light industrial use and com-
mercial applications. Its charging hopper is rated at 2 yards,
with a ram displacement of 1.25 yards.
The 400 series has a ram force of 40,000 Ib., a ram dis-
placement of 21/2 yards, and a 4-yard hopper. All models
are equipped with pushbutton controls and an over pressure
key switch.
These packers handle all typed of material. The ram force
breaks packages against aheavy-duty breaker bar and forces
the crushed refuse into the container.
Refuse removal system works indoors or outdoors
The Anchorpac refuse removal system is a clean, cfI'icient
and simple method of solving the complex problems of
industrial waste removal. Produced by the Anchor Machine
Company, Jackson, Michigan, the system consists of three
basic steps-loading, compacting, and removal.
The heart of the system is the Anchorpac stationary com-
pactor. Available in capacities from 1.8 to 8.2 cubic yards,
these compaction units compress refuse into transportable
containers with up to 20-ton net load, and handle materials
ranging from barrels and pallets to paper and corrugated
boxes.
Inside the plant, trash is collected in steel Anchortilt carts
located at strategic refuse generation points. When filled,
they can be towed five at a time through a minimal 10-foot
aisle to the packer. There, a special tilting device upends
The long stroke of the compaction ram pushes the mate-
rial into the closed Anchortainer, compacting the refuse
from three to five times. When the container is loaded, a
special Anchor mobile hoist truck backs up to the container,
picks it up, and transports it to the nearest sanitary landfill.
Many industrial plants have altered their buildings to
make the system more accessible. A through wall installa-
tion-compactor inside, container outside-provides pro-
tection from the elements and loading convenience.
Refuse packer increases
payloads, red aces- costs
The PowerMite stationary packer manufactured by
Dempster Brothers, Inc., Knoxville, Tenn., is an ideal unit
for Nght industrial use, hospitals, schools, or office buildings.
It's perfect for locations where space is small and there is
a gradual accumulation of waste.
The unit may be loaded from ground level or from a.
loading dock. At the push of a button, the PowerMite's
hydraulic cylinder exerts more than 42,000 Ib. of pressure
against the packer head, assuring maximum compaction for
large pay loads. Trash is compacted into steel containers.
As the container fills, the material is reduced in volume at
realistic compaction ratios of up to four to one.
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 Approved F~~.~~Rele~+ie 2002/05/07 :CIA-RDf~40~mpaCt01'S
unit picks it up, hauls it to a disposal arcs, and returns the
empty container to its original packing position.
In addition to the PowerMite, Dempster manufactures
a complete line of stationary packers for high speed handling
of high volume refuse. Operating on the same principle as
the PowerMite, these packers generate tremendous internal
pressures, packing waste materials of all types into a wide
range of reinforced Dinosaur storage containers.
Compactor puts tie squeeze
on reuse disposal costs
The Tri-Pak System produced by Industrial Services of
America, Louisville, Kentucky, is an excellent example of
a completely integrated containerization system. ISA not
only builds the equipment, but distributes it, services it, and
hauls the loaded containers to its own landfill.
The heart of the Tri-Pak system is the stationary com-
pactor. The unit may be easily installed in a minimum
amount of space at a dock or in an open yard. No segrega-
tion of refuse is required. Everything goes-waste paper,
cardboard, pallets, skids, garbage, and barrels. All this is
crushed, broken and compacted automatically into detach-
able haulaway containers by 90,000 pounds of compaction
force. 1SA compactors are available in seven models with
capacities froth 50 cubic yards per hour to 4S0 cubic yards
per hour.
The containers arc built to withstand compaction ratios
of 20 to 1 depending on the type of material, and are avail-
Two Seattle companies have farmed a joint venture to pro-
duce and market low-pressure compaction systems for busi-
ness, industry and government. ComCo (the Cornpactor
Company) was formed by the Seattle Tent & Fabric Prod-
ucts Co., and Amadyne, Inc. Their first refuse compactor
unit is already on the market.
The machine was tested in a series of trials at the Boeing
Company's 747 supcrjet assembly plant in Everett, Wash-
ington. It reduced in-plant refuse collection costs by 64
percent. Boeing now has 42 units at Everett.
The compactor operates at the point of refuse collection.
Using the low-pressure system, refuse is compacted into
a cardboard container inside the compactor. After full
compaction, a pallet lifter chain is released and the boxed
refuse slides easily out to be sealed and shipped. The boxed
refuse may also be moved by forklift truck or pallet jack.
Truck-mounted compactor
serves from coast to coast
The Dempster Dumpmaster is one of the most efficient and
lowest cost systems far refuse storage and collection. Manu-
factured by Dempster Brothers,- Knoxville, Tenn., the
Dumpmaster system consists of a number of detachable
storage containers placed at points of waste accumulation.
As these containers are filled, atruck-mounted compactor
makes its rounds, picks up each container, and empties the
contents into its packer body where the material is com-
pressed to a quarter of its former volume. This allows the
Dumpmaster to haul the equivalent of many truck-loads of
tamers f~~P~Ca~OS~Ft~l2~~~rc~~t~'/~}~S~s~vAt~af~~=RDP~t~~~~~(Q~~~~0~~006r;;,pgsal site.
99 MATERIAL HANDLING ENGINEERING
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the cab. To pick up containers from ground level or from
a dock, lifting forks and clearance arms are aligned with
the container's side channels. The truck moves forward, the
arms enter and engage the lifting channels, and the con-
tainer is carried up to the hopper opening. Once over the
hopper, the. container is inverted, the lid swings open by
gravity, and the refuse is dropped into the' packer.
The Dumpmaster's "full-stroke" compression system
enables it to achieve a much higher density than "short-
stroke" or paddle-type systems. In addition, the Dump-
' master does not have to be tilted for load-dumping. The
back door is simply unlatched and the packer plate is run
through the truck body clearing the load straight out the
back.
Bag packer handles
refuse from apartments
The E-Z Pack Bag Packer built by Hercules Galion Products,
Inc., Galion, Ohio, is a stationary refuse compactor designed
primarily for handling refuse generated in apartment build-
ings and multi-dwelling housing units.
The machine packs against a bulkhead which is opened
for ejection of the packed load. It can be emptied into a
waterproof paper bag (up to 4-cubic feat in size) or into a
garbage can. Packed material is ejected in the form of a
slug whose weight can be controlled to meet local usage
specifications. The Bag Packer is operated by an electro-
mechanical system and contains a sonic device to auto-
matically actuate the packing cycle.
Automatic sanitizes and chute cut-off devices are avail-
able as optional items.
Stationary eompactar assures
fast container replacement
containers, assuring fast and positive container replacement,
The attachment of two chain hooks to 'the container is the
only manual labor required. A single lever activates the -
hydraulic system, pulling the container up tight. Awedge-
shaped island achieves accurate alignment by centering the
container while the twin hydraulic cylinders are pulling.
The compactor is also equipped with a sump for main-
taining adry floor at all times. The sump may be perma-
nently attached to a sewage system, or a sump pump may
be added.
The Sani-Pac may be operated manually, electronically,
or sequenced by counters or other sensing devices. A toggle
switch converts the controls from "dead man" to automatic
operation. Heavy gauge construction assures years of trouble
free service.
New disposal system
compacts refuse in a minute
A new low-cost waste disposal system is being offered by
TJhrden, Inc., Sugarcreek, Ohio. The Tubas Pak Trash
Basher makes it possible to pack at least 220 cubic yards
of waste material into one 40-cubic-yard container for a
single trip-load to the dumping area.
The system is comprised of a stationary compactor located
at a central waste collection point. By pushbutton operation,
the refuse is compacted into completely enclosed, fire-resis-
tant haul-away containers which can be furnished in sizes
up to 54 cubic yards. Compaction is accomplished with a
force up to 48,000 lb. The system also includes a Tubar
Dumper which lifts and empties all types of refuse con-
tamers into the eompactar.
Trash Bashers are available in .5-, 1.25-, and 2.5-cubic-
new stationary compactor has recently been developed yard capacities. Power is supplied by an electric motor
by Sanitary Controls, Inc., Deer Park, New York. The Sani- coupled to a hydraulic systG~x. Th? automatic packing cycle
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The direction solid waste handling takes in the future
will hinge almost entirely on econonucs. The amount of
trash being generated is rising and suitable landfill sites
in and around the larger cities are racing toward extinc-
tion. In a short time the length of the hauls will increase
as much as 8 to 10 times and the cost of transferring the
trash to these far-flung dumps will skyrocket.
As a result, .many municipal and industrial planners
have been looking with interest at the idea of centrally
located transfer stations. Correctly implemented, these
stations can save collection haulers a great deal of valu-
able time, labor, and equipment wear.
Instead of loading his truck and heading for a distant
landfill site, a hauler drives to the nearest transfer station,
dumps the refuse into a central container, and returns to
his route. For this service he pays a fee based on the
weight of the load. The fees collected from the haulers
finance the operation of both the station and the landfill,
and offer a Far cheaper alternative to the private collector
than making a trip to the landfill himself.
Transfer stations are usually equipped with a number
of large stationary compactors and transport trailers.
When one is filled, asemi-tractor pulls ii to the landfill
and an empty trailer is set in its place. In some cases,
where the landfill is an unusual distance from the station, .
or where state laws governing legal weight allowances
interfere, railroad piggy-back refuse handling is probably
the answer. In any event, the transfer station concept is
no longer on the drawing board. A number of stations
are now operational across the country and many more`
are planned. The following examples are good illustrations
of this concept.
Refuse-transfer stations save collectors time and trouble
The Dempster dumping system allows several trucks to dump
material at the same time.
A single transfer station is handling 300 tons of refuse daily
for the city of Lancaster, Pa., and its six surrounding town-
ships. Outfitted completely with Dempster Bros. compo-
nents, the Lancaster station is the newest of a series of Demp-
ster-equipped facilities operating across the country.
Lancaster was faced with the same problem confronting
many other growing cities. It ran out of nearby places to
dump its trash, and had to go 17 miles out of the city to
find a new landfill site. The city had two alternatives. They
could invest in an expensive incinerator, and then still have
to bury the ashes, or they could build a transfer station and
solve the long-haul problem at a fraction of the cost.
As it turned out, the entire transfer operation cost only
$385,000 as compared to a minimum of $7,000,000 for an
incinerator. This included the two-acre land site, grading,
paving, and fencing the station and its equipment, a scale
and scale house, a small office, and five Dempster transport
trailers. The compactors, transfer trailers, and hydraulic
push-pit units are all standard Dempster devices. No costly
special engineering was required.
The Lancaster transfer station is a smooth running opera-
tion. Haulers using the station enter through adrive-on 30-
ton Toledo scale which records the weight and truck num-
ber. The driver pulls up to the facility, turns his vehicle
around, and backs into the station. If the truck is equipped
with a dumping device that empties the load automatically,
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Tie ejection plate of the us it Crave s on ig sity, a raswn-resistant guide.
shoes to push refuse into the packer hopper.
Refuse from the pit is about to be shoved into the compactor.
is in place while the loaded trailer is pulled away.
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 ?Approved For Rele.~e 2002/05/07: CIA-
Solid waste incineration
without air pollution
The Janitrol Aero Division of the Midland-Ross Corp.,
Columbus, Ohio, manufactures heat exchangers, pneumatic
controls, aircraft combustion heaters, and other associated
components for the aerospace market. And like other indus-
trial installations, they generate a great deal of refuse. For a
long time, hauling arrangements were handled by a private
contractor who trucked the waste material to a nearby
landfill. But, this system depended on human reliability,
vagaries of the weather, and other imponderables.
Searching for a better method of disposal, Janitrol Aero
settled on the; Radicator incinerator manufactured by Mid-
land Ross. By completely controlled air combustion, the
Radicator unit transforms solid waste into irreducible ash
content without air pollution-at low installation and oper-
ating costs.
The new unit has allowed Janitrol Acro to take a systems
approach to handling its solid waste. Bags are placed at 65
stations inside the plant. Into these bags go tin cans, glass,
assorted paper, corrugated, and other packing materials.
Wood scraps from pallets and dunnage are collected on an
exceptional basis.
On a regular schedule, a worker with a castered hand
truck collects the bags and hauls them to the Radicator
incinerator mounted in its own shed in the yard.
The Radicator includes a main chamber, an upper
chamber, a forced air system, and a control package. All
steps are automatic, including safety devices which protect
the operator and the equipment. The operator need only
work a 3-stage switch which provides for on, off, and auto-.
matic off. Trash may be loaded at any time except when a
warning light turns on, indicating level temperatures. The
air curtain at the charging door protects the operator from
blowback when loading during operation.
As an example of productivity on a single random day,
the collection and burning of 83 bags converted 324-cubic-
foot of trash into a little more than 11/2 drums of irreducible
ash content. The operator then cleans out the main chamber
and stores the ash until a load accumulates.
Burnables with moisture content up to 35 percent are
completely incinerated at 700 lb. per hour. No sorting of
the trash is required beforehand. Glass melts into globules
and tin cans oxidize into powder.
The unit is inexpensive to operate. The gas burner turns
off at 1,500?F at which point the burning maintains itself.
At 1,950?F an underfire air supply turns off, permitting an
air curtain at the loading door and an overfire air supply
to cool the system to protect the refractory material. If the
temperature drops to 1,500?F the burner reignites.
Twin-barrel shredder digests solid waste
After 6 years of development, Eidal International Corp., and 96 grinding wheels, l2 inches in diameter, shred it into
Albuquerque, New Mexico, is?olTcring a new approach to small particles. The end product is finely shredded, with
the grinding process. The Model SW-200 shrcddcr, featur- no bulky pieces or voids.
ing a vertical rotational movement combined with aself-
compcnsating wear factor, results in a superior new system
for reducing most materials to particle form.
The twin-barrel shrcddcr grinds up solid waste at the rate
of up to 80 tons per hour. Material which the machine
digests includes whole refrigerators, trees, automobile
bodies, over-stuffed furniture, tires, and other industrial or
bulky refuse. Wherever extra large volumes of solid waste
cause problems the SW-200 contributes significantly to the
solution.
A wide conveyor system transports the refuse to the
intake chute. Bulky material can be sized to flow freely
into the shredder b
means of a controlled feed
Once in the
y
.
shredder, massive breaker bars break u the material, 24
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 Approved For Relet!t~ 2002/05/07 :CIA-RDP86-00244R000~390060-6
lNcns~e ~i~n~6en
Sani~c~r~ landfill
is a current solution
The most practical method for the ultimate disposal
of solid waste is the sanitary landfill. It provides an ef-
ficient way of disposing of refuse without the usual nui-
sance characteristics of a city dump or hazards to public
health and safety. In a well-run sanitary landfill there are
no unsightly rubbish piles. licl'usc is dumped and im-
mediately covcx?ed avilh earth. IIy using solid waste :utd
garbage fur fill, the land can be raised to the s:unc Icvcl
as il' fill dirt were hauled into the area. Wurthlcss swamp
land and ntarshcs can be turnecl into golf courses, parks,
and even conunct?cial propci?ty.
In principle, the sanitary landfill differs from the old
style dump in an important way, Instead of indiscriminate
dumping, refuse is confined to the smallest practical area,
reduced in volume, and covered with a layer of earth at
the conclusion of each day's operation. Confining and
reducing the volume of the trash saves valuable landfill
space and controls fires by reducing voids containing
oxygen. Daily covering eliminates odors, blowing paper,
and fire hazards, and provides adequate control of insects
and rodents. In addition, regulations require the erection
of a high fence around the entire area. This prevents
open access to the refuse site by the general public and
keeps paper and other wind-blown debris within the
conl'incs of the hndl'ill.
Meeting the rcquircntcnts For daily compaction and
cover rcprescnls the most difficult problem in arty landfill
operation, These functions Hurst bo performed in a con-
sistent manner, clay after day, regardless of weather and
soil conditions. L'roper compaction is extremely important'
if the area is to be used for future building construction.
This puts a heavy burden of responsibility in the
machine which excavates the soil, spreads the refuse,
and compacts the earth cover. Historically, the job has
been handled by crawler tractors. But new machines
are being introduced to meet varying soil and refuse
conditions. The following illustrations are good examples
of successful landfill equipment.
New compactor doubles the life of landfills
A new sanitary landfill compactor, the C451A, has been
introduced by the Hystcr Company's Construction Equip-
ment Division. The C451 A compacts refuse to twice the
density of track-type tractors, squeezing more trash into a
given area and extending the useful life of the landfill.
The compactor weighs 56,000 lb. and offers full width
double compaction. Two compaction drums, each with a
completely separate power unit and drive train, are con-
nected by a universal-type hitch. The tamping feet are
designed for efficient compaction of a wide variety of mate-
rials. These feet are capped with replaceable, heat-treated
alloy steel pads for longer life.
Two Cat diesel engines supply the power through sepa-
rate torque converter transmissions. Pusher-type fan and
grills protect the engine compartment from excessive
accumulation of refuse. A large overall drum diameter pro-
vides low rolling resistance and the ability to rollover and
crush large objects. Two sets of spring cleaners on each
drum keep wire and ret'use from building up.
The blade is 12 Feet wide and 6 feet, 8 inches high
and
,
T
is designed for landfill operations. The u er ~ '' ~~'
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 'Approved For Rele~e 2002/05/07 :CIA-RDP86-00244R00,~0390060-6
All-purpose landfill machine
delivers high density compression
The city of San Diego recently added a new machine to its
sanitary landfill which they expect will save them as much .
as $]00,000 a year. The Trashmaster, manufactured by .
Rex Chainbelt, Inc., is a modern, specialized, all-purppse
landfill machine that packs in more haul loads every day,
and seals up tighter and cleaner at night.
"Bulldozers do a great job, particularly where pushing
of dirt is required," said Robert R. Sayler, mechanical
engineer for the Equipment Division of San Diego's Public
Works Department. "But this machine, with its weight and
three-wheel cleat action literally presses the stuff into the
ground."
Four drum-type wheels, mounted in three-wheel con-
figuration and filled with water ballast, carry wedge-action
teeth which cut, grind, crush and compact everything from
demolition to wet materials. Weighing 22 tons and traveling.
at speeds up to 12 m.p.h., the Trashmaster delivers a com-
pressive impact force which eliminates gas pockets, destroys
vermin breeding places, and reduces the depth of soil cover
required for each lift. A 12-foot dozer with apull-off hook
easily handles and spreads full truck loads of refuse with
single pass eflicicncy. Full power three-wheel drive and
articulated steering give the Trashmaster outstanding per-
formance on steep inclines and soft materials.
Elevating scraper speeds work at sanitary landfill
Baseball diamonds and picnic areas arc now being developed
on a 27-acre site that, until last fall, was a tremendous cye-
sorc in the heart of Lucas County in Northern Ohio.
For 10 years, the site served as a hurning dump and refuse
disposal area for the town of Sylvania and surrounding com-
munities. In just eight weeks last summer, Park Forest
Development, Inc., of Toledo, a private company, covered
the burning dump, landscaped the site, built roads, and
returned the land to the county for recreational development.
Naw the new sanitary landfill site is situated on a 104-acre
tract of rolling, wooded terrain that for years has been
'
classifcd as n n- roduct
v lan b cause ~ }~ ~ti
and bad dra~.rQ~~~ ~i t~~~~~oi5~~~~~ti5n~g ~~ ~A-~~';~~ ~4 pRgs0~3~Oct~u~0Q60o excavate
its refuse more clTicicntly, but also is reclaiming much of
this wasted land.
Park Forest Development's procedure is unusual. It
employs an elevating scraper to dig trenches for refuse and
to provide a clean earth cover over compacted waste. The
scraper is an International E-200 self-loading machine that
is more normally found on high-production construction
projects.
On this job, the E-200 works hand-in-hand with an Inter-
national TD-20B crawler tractor equipped with a special
U-shaped bulldozer blade that can move mountains of refuse
 usually about 120?Apq~lrm~t'rd tFttrcik~e31a0?Q2/(~5Jb17 : d-Ev'~QR86~@O12i4.4RQQ(~fl891~6di~ an avcrigc o[
ns rcluse trucks clump their loads nt the side of the tru7ch, 300 cubic yards a day and can spread that quantity as cover
the material is spread and compacted by the 40,000-pound in about two hours, This enables the contractor to control
crawler tractor, the clumping procedure so that refuse is never left uncovered
for extcndccl periods.
Then the clcvatinK scraper excavates malarial from Thu 1'ayscr.:pcr can also spread cover more evenly than
another trench section and spreads asix-inch cover oi` clean a tractor, Its apron can be controlled to spread a nine-yard
earth over the refuse. What a section is completely filled payload of material to within an inch of the desired grade,
with waste, the E-200 spreads atwo-foot-thick layer of and it covers without disturbing the compacted. refuse.
,Track-hype tractors are great for landfills
Caterpillar tractors such as the D7E shown here have been
providing landfill service for many years. The wide-spread
weight of the crawlers makes them well-suited for use. in
swamps and marshes where rubber-tire tractors could bog
down. They arc commonly applied in landfill projects to
take advantage of their excellent digging and spreading
capacities. All rnodcls feature fast, positive hydraulics and
on-the-go poww? shift. Direct drive is available on all models
except the D9G.
ua~a~a~e:
Approved For Release 2002/05/07 :CIA-RDP86-002448000300390060-6
 Sf~~Clgl pC01?7~pC~Op1~S /Panc~~i~ conv~rslo`0390060-6
Gary, Indiana, a heavy industrial area, found itself literally
knee-deep in the by-products of its location. Not only do the
industries and the 178,000 inhabitants use Gary's dumping
facilities, but so do many of the surrounding communities.
The volume exceeds 10,000 tons of rubbish per day.
New ideas on how to best handle the refuse problem were
pursued. After viewing the successful landfill operations of
other cities, Gary dccidcd to convert its open dump. Funds
were set aside for the project and conversion of the old
dump was begun.
Gary already owned two crawler tractors but slow per-
formance and the need for greater compactibility forced
them to look for another machine. They dccidcd on a
Michigan CS 70 Trash Pak compactor, a steel-wheel com-
paction tractor specially designed >3y Clark Equipment Co.
for sanitary landfill operations.
Rolling on special cleated steel wheels, the 24,000-1b.
Trash Pak exerts a crushing 1,061 pounds of pressure per
lineal inch, more than enough to smash most appliances,
and rubbish. Articulated steering gives it maximum man-
euverability.
As the trucks dump their loads, the compactor spreads
the refuse with its 9~/z-foot-wide blade. At the same time,
the 54- by 23-inch wheels are compacting. This combination
keeps blowing refuse to a minimum and gives incoming
trucks a smoother, less dangerous road bed.
To complete the landfill process, a Caterpillar D6 trac-
tor crawler spreads sand over the compacted areas.
The waste handling and processing egaipntent
and systems }eatnred on the preceding
19 pages are described i~t detail
? in free brochures and catalogs.
Sec page 152 for a listing
Approved For Release 2002/05/07 :CIA-RDP86-00244R00039~~6~l~eralure available .. .
 Apprd*for Rele~~e 2002/05/07 ~ CIA-RDP0244R000300390060-6
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