GUIDE TO THE HU-HO-HAO-T'E AREA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 10, 2001
• Sequence Number: 15
• Publication Date: March 1, 1969
• Content Type: REPORT

 Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
FOR OFFICIAL UUk; ONLY
I.A#3GI IAN (il , 224,G1?
M11 i Y!7i - "
GUIDE TO THE IIU-110-IIAO-T' E AREA
DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
CONTENTS
Pil (`
1 Genera I 1)e;4c)-1 p1ion
I. I . P 1 a(:c'r; of, L n le.res t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
A. F,(Iucational 1"ncil.i.tie; 5
1. Agr:i.cull.ura.l and Animal. IItI andr?y Co.11ego 5
2. I lunar Mongol .la Agri cu 1. aura i. Mcchaniza Lion
School. 6
3. I uuncr Mongol in Normal Univc'r'' I t,y . . , . . 6
4. Inner Nlongol.la University
5. Other LducalJonal Fac1.11lies . . . . . . . 7
B . Cu I hi raI Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
C. Indus tries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
I. Sugar ltd f i nery 8
2. Wool Textile Factory 8
3. llsin-sheng General Machinery Plant . . . 8
4. Ilsin-sheng Iron and Steel Plant . . . . . . 9
D. Surroundings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1. Pai-:ling;-miao (Bata Sume) and Environs 9
2, A Visit to a Commune 10
Photographs
(101 iowi ng page .1.1)
Figure 1. Moslem Mosque
Figure 2. Chung-shin-lisi-Lu
Figure 3. Front of the Museum
Figure 4. Lana Temple at Pei-lung
Figure 5. The People's Park
Figure 6. Inner Mongolia University
Figure 7. Woolen textile mill
Figure 8. Sugar refinery
Maps
(following page 11)
75340 Ilu-ho-hao- t' e and Vicinity
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
FOR OFFICIAL IISI'; ONI,1'
GU1 I)E TO THE' Jill- 110-iIAO-T' L A1(1-,A
Gent-1.111 WDesc r i j) 11011
(~Si~c~~l11ti1~ 75:1'10 and 753.11 )
C111.1lese colonization is rt'sliaping the c haraet('r of
1111-ho-Into-t'e (i31.11c' City), one of, tht' I'ew rcmlainirth
I'rontier towns of inut'r Mongol int Capital 0l' ill(' Innc'i'
Mongol tan Autonomous Region sine(, 1954, + the ci ty is
located on a wcI I-watered plain in the Valley of the
'1'a-Ile-ho River Weclf,ed between the' ('85 he I'll end oI' the
"bit; bend" o1 'k Ill, YeI Iow It lvc'i' to the south and the
'i'a-Ching Mountains to the r~rIh, it. straddles Lhe Ching-
Iatto ( Pete 1 ril, -- Pao- t' on) ra i I.1?oacl tat a point approx I -
matel.y 412 mi It's ((IGS Iti Ionleto rs) wt's I. ell' Peleing anti a
lit L I v more than IOO ini les ( 1(15 It.1 Ionlehei's) east uI' Pao-
t'oil . For cent Ui' it's a major Mongol 1,111-Chinese t racing
center, Ilu- Ito- hao- I'e is now a city of great diversity;
modern I ndus t r i a l cis tab I i shmen Is, museums, and educa -
tional fad IiIies contrast sharply with the ancion I
lamaseries and nim,(Iut,s of the area
The population of' Iiu- ho-hao- t ' e , which had Tema i ned
more or less static, at about 80,000 foi' year's, began to
i nC roast' rap i cl 1 y ill 1950 as poop l e ill ove 1'e 1'OWcled east-
(?"I' Chinese cities were t.ranshei'red to Sinkiang, Inner
Mongolia, and westei'n Kansu Since t hell, more than t)
million Chinese have st'II IttI iii Mongolia, approximately
250,000 of them in or around IN-ho-hao-L'('. Theo influx
has been so 18. 1?ge, ill l ac t, that, the Chinese scg'inen t (d
the IiopuIatioil of iimer Mongo I is now exceeds tile total
f'or a l l o f her ( ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 C groups eoin b1lied
Foi-ill el' I' a c 1 l y whose out pu t c?I11 e I I v comprised haric11-
eral'ts oi? 1.ivc'siock-related commode t it's, the-ho-hao-t'v
has become a major itdmiiiiSlratlVt', etan11u'l'cis1, ecluea-
t.ional, and industrial center. Numerous new factories
-- producing Hour, woolen textiles, pharmaceuticals.
? In 19.17 the inner' Mongolia Autonomous Region was estab-
Iistied with the seat of government t eniporari l y located at
Kuci-siir, then the pi?ovineial capital 01' Sui-yuan In
1954 the Sui-yuan pi-ovinc1aI governnleiiI was nler'ged with
the inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the capital was
officially located at Kuei- sue (Hu-ho-hao-t'e)
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
I'a1.111 Illlg)I(`III('lll.!; :L11(1 tilll;ltl? -- I111.V(' I)('('ll t'.,I:il)I I!-:h('(I, all(1
in Orcl('r IO ,I cc OnunOrlll.t(' Iho 11) t1tix OL f;() vr'1'ilnlen1 oII'IcIaIs
ill I'('Cell i yr'I1.1'~: I1. 1 O I I1. 1 l y Ilr'w 1)0(151 Ilt; devil og)IL011 t l ca 111!(I
Ma-Illllt-pan) has I)u('ll completed ill till area to ill(' norill of
Hit' ell I nt;-l)I1.O rtt I I road. 'f'lu' clev(' I Opn1('n t of gguve I.1-nl0n 1 a
i l)S LI tilt I Ont'ti Itnd 1 110(15 t I?y +1i1 S 1)0011 accOmpall i ('d by the
cc.)mI)Ielflentit ry expa.nyi( II o I ' c'dtlcit,I.to Ill. 1 and we II'a.re fitcl 1 -
I t Ic"' Some of ill( larger now educat Iona.l lad .l l.1 I.i.eS
II)cIt.lclc! 1110 Inner MOng;OI IIt V(' t I'1 nary MedIca I School (the
.I'Irs1. lIts tihl L0 o1 Illl;;hcl? 1eat1'11tIll', in the I1)1)01? MO11g;o1.lItn
Autonomous ltegIon), t1,10 Inner Mongol tit Normal Ills L:1 1,11 te,
and the UnivorsI ty of Taller Mon go 11 it. Among the more
modern nled.i ci . 1'Itc 1 1 1 . (. i 05 are the hiller MOng;o I tit Ilospi to I.,
the Iiti-ho- Into- t' (' Mull ICIpiI llospIIa.I, and the I-lnt.'1? Mon-
11O11n. Nonl('n's I!OSpi Iit 1
1111-11c)-ha.o- t' e includes the I'ornle1`1 y separate c 1 1.105
of, Kue 1.-hun. and Su - -ytua.n .. 'These c i t I es , because of
(he.t!' proxtill lty and conl I11(10(1 outward expantiion, were
combined by the Ch ?, nose i n 1914 and designated Kue i-su i .
Kuci-su i became Ilu?- ho- hao- t. e ill 1953 ill what may have
been an attempt to reestablish the origtna l Mongolian
name, Kuku-khota, given to the city in the mid-sixteenth
century by the Allan Khan.
Kuci-hua, Ill(! oldest and westernmost suction of the
town, was for many centuries the hub of' trade and in-
dustry in Inner Mongolia. In Ihls sector many single-
story residentia(1 and era.ft buildings line the narrow
streets, and here there are Tibetan and Sillo-TlbeIa.n
monasteries and pagodas, several cia.t inu 1'ronl the Ming
clynas t y. The 111,1111 street of the old town is a so 1 1 d
row of Shops and workshops, whose f l?on I s are pa l 1)t ed in
vivid colors --- yel l.ow, green, red and blue -- and are
adorned with Chi 11050 and Mongolian writing. It is a
typical orienIa.1 market aIIcy and is usually crowded
The population of Kuci-hua. is now almost. completely Chi-
nese, Mongol and Ti be tail i n I Iuence having been nlodi Fied
or, in many cases, erased.
'I'hc lama temple (Pei-lung) remains as a. museum
tended by pr l.es is whose sole du t v no,%, 1 S the greet i ug
of fore i gIl guests ; i t 15 open to the put) 11c only one day
a year. In the t.heatre, women in Mongolian silks sing
Chi nose Communist, slogans to Hie rhythm of' Mongolian
riding songs, and the ballet. depicts the transition of
the Mongol ialn nomad to the steel worker of' today. A
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
V 1:41 L t(1 I Ill, h i 1; t or I c?a I nluseunl i n, part I en I a I, I y reveal I nl;;
here the history o I' Inn(' 1' Mongol In, I's It:,stlnic'd to l)PN i n
w1 (.11 t.hc CommanI,iI lt(,Volut,loll. Communist, thoroughneo-Hs
III eI'l'ect.1u1r, culLul-al chltrlge is also evidelit. ill Llte 1'Ine
a1'I,s deparlin(ent, of Ihe nlusc+um; here Mongol lltu Flute's and
s I r I nge(I 1 1 1 s ll'tifllPII I S reve rbel'il I P l.he "Ila111)y 11 1'e" i n CoIn-
nltIIi1st. soc..iel.y l'at'her LIla11 ex1)rc'ss the tilelaucholy OI' the
1)001? and oppressed clove 1 I c' I'S o I' I lm, s L(,I)pes .
Su i-yua.n, hu i l t. cal l) ng- ill(' Ch'ing dynas t.,y (over 200
years ago), is known as ill(, "new c1 t.y." It, is located
1n 1.he caslt'rn secI.or of' (own, about. a 20-n1InuI.e walls
from Ktiei.-hua.. I1(ere I11'c to be found ninny of the old Sui-
yuan Provincial Gove1?I1n1cn1 bu it dings III' wce I I IS I, large
own her of Shops. The Inai.n H1111, I)eI.ween Su i.-yualn and Kue1-
Iltla is a t1'e(`-shaded and paved boulevard, along which are
nume,01ls new white bui1(I1ngs, ine1u(1ing tile IlC1WI,Y-IAl1IA
theatre, cul Iura.1 Palace, auditorium, and hos1)i.1,111 .
Beginning about a mile south of the '1'a-ching nloun-
Lains and extending 3 or 4 111.1l.es southward toward the
railroad is a third and more modern section or Ilu-ho-
hac?- L? e, This section, cal led Ma-hua-pan, al'tcr a small
vii la.ge Lucre Lhat was expanded by the Japanese, is the
adnl i n i. s Ira t i ve scat of' the Inner Mongolian Au I OOOOIHHOUS
Region. Planned to eventually cover the entire area
between the mountains and the railroad station, it is
now populated by o f ' f ' i c i a l s of' the Inner Mongolian Gov-
el'nnlont , in Ma-hua-pan there are ninny single-story
workers' homes as well as two-story o1'1'ice buildings, all
constructed of native, kiln-dried brick. A major point
of interest. is Station City, located on the eventual. south-
ern border of Ma-hua-pall to the north of the railroad.
While it has no formal boundaries, the limits of Station
City may be determined by simply noting the location of
new road and building construction. Built by the Japa-
nese during the u' tenure, it houses 50 to 80 thousand
Chinese.
While liu-ho-hao-t .'e has grown rapidly as a regional
commercial and caul Lural center, the development, of its
transportation and communication ties tvit11 the rest of
China have been less impressive. The backbone of the
transpol't.a.t.lon-colill111111ica.t loll system is still the old
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
FOII OFFICIAL, USE ON1,Y
V renc;h- itllc.i He I I;1;1.11-'111{i nI'4'rec) CIt I III,,-l)ao v a I 11?oa.d. From
Clliuinl; a.t Ilie ens1 't'it i'ncl c)I Lilt! 'I'a--cltlug motlnl..nlus, I:he
ra I I road cox h,nds wee!; I ward geIll. 1'a 11 y paI?it I I e 1 i nI; I he Sou t.h-
crII Slopes of the 111o11ntalns' ev0ltlilt I I,y 1'IiIo1?irlg 11t1-ho-
hao- L' c' be twoon Ma-hua-path and H w two older see Llolls of
the c -I ty. . 'file railroad can t i nueS wes LW11. rd along the
northern banlc of the Yellow Ill.vct? forming, wi.I . the other
Land a11d navigable waLcr routes, a SuiLal.)l.0 dist.ri.buLion
Sys Lout 1'01' 1 OCtt I l y produced goods.
The ra i Lroad even Lua 1 1 y intorscc Ls the Lan-c:hc.;u-Urumchi.
line in 1,1111-C1101 .1. The position of the Ching-pa.o ra L i road
as the major L h'anspor to t.i on I i nk between Peek i nl, and Pao-
L' oil is al ' I' i rated by the large number of' i. ndus t. r i es, and
settlements sIrung out, along the single, track. Suppot?t-
i ng sys t.ems of' roads ra.d i a t.e I roan I. hose set t 1 emen I,s di-
1-CC-Hy to ,'1.gricuitura.l a.nd, in some cases, industrial
areas, but the major formttins of most. roads 111 this area
are the tracks of the Ching-pao rail road, A road 1't?om
Pelci ng t.o Pao- I ` ou passes 111 rough Hu-ho-hao- I.' e, bu 1,
because of steep grades, d.tsrepa.ir during foul weather,
and the aged and overburdened condition of the vehicles
that. Ilse i I., its rune I ion as a. major l l nic with the i n-
terior is 1.inti ted.,
As of 1963 there was daily rail passenger service
between Ht1-?ho-ha.o-t 'e and Peking. The trip required
about. 18 hours, and Ira.i ns were reportedly punctual,.
One train, the Peking--Pao-t 00--Lan-chow "direct. ex-
press " leTt. Peking at 1950 hours on Tuesdays, Thursdays,
and Saturdays and arrived -It tin- ho-ha.o- t ` c at 0525 Hours
the following morning? The o1 her the Peking--Pao- I. - ou
"direct, express," lclI Peking at 1950 hours on Sunday,
Monday, Wednesday, and Friday and arrived at flu- ho-hao- 1. t c
at 1352 hours the next. a lle moon . Both trains had soft
sleepers and dining cars, but. soft seats were available
only on the Peking--Pao-t.`ou train, Fares varied from
10.80 ' for hard seat, hard sleeper accommodations to
25.90 ' for "cleluxe" surroundings, 'llhe Cultural Revo-
lution and its associated confusion may well have altered
these conditions.
Aside from rail connections there is very little
intercity transportation out of Hu-Iho-hao- t' e, The
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
FOR 01"1 ICIAI, ME' ONLY
Civil Aeroni uiicy AdminIsIrll.IIon of China (CAAC) of'I'ei's
three L'i. I gh Is a week to nearby cities; one to 11141-1 i.n-
hao- to on Monday; one to Pek1 ng, Ch ih- Long, and '1'ung-
iao on Tuesday; and one to Ilya-l 1.n-hac.)- to and Ilai- la-
el'il oil Friday.. There reportedly has 1)ooll sollle IRIS serv-
i cc' Lo ytlch p1 ices 1W fall-c:hotl, Pao- I' ou, and Ch i n i nt;',
btt1, schedules and the pl'escnt status ()t' services are not.
known. lilt racil.y btls service 1s good, however, and Ihere
are at. Least IA.Ve Pot)te and probably more. Al I r'ouLes
01? i L; i na.te at. the 1-: 0-1 s t,a t Loll and ex Lend to Lhe c'x l.rem-
ities of the city.
11. Places oI_ in to res I.
A. EclucaLionaI 1'aci.I i Lies
1 . A1,I icu I turai and Animal lift ~banclt'Y Co I lc;e
The Agr?icu I Loral and Animal Husbandry Col.-
logo, originally the .Inner Mongolia. Animal husbandry and
Veterinary College, was designed ,ioint.ly by Soviet. and
Chinese experts in 1952. At. pi-esent more than 1,600 stu-
dents are enrol.1edI in the d-year cu)'1?.Lculum. Primary
emphasis is placed on recr?ui tine students from the local
Mongolian Ir'ibes and 1'rom tribes in 'l'singha.I and Ka.nsu.
The college is diviclod into two main sec Lions -- animal
husbandry and veterinary medicine. In the animal hus-
bandry department, such courses as the operation of farms
and communes, the cul t:ival:ion of pastures, and the raising
and breeding of r',oelc are taught. III the votel?inal'y de-
partment, courses .i.n the examination and treatment of
animal diseases, sanitation, and diet. of domestic animals
play an important .role. The veterinary school also has
a large laboratory equipped with 1'aci1.i t ies to perfi?om
surgery 01.1 COWS, sheep, horses, and camels. This clinic
is manned by over 50 persons.
Complementing the college's efforts to upgrade ani-
mal husbandry practices is a veterinary pharmaceutical
plant begun in 1958 and Finished in 1962. At present
the plant produces such pharmaceuticals as anthrax serum,
attenuated virus for sheep-pox, and numerous vaccines for
cattle, goats, and other livestock. Besides supplying
this leading stock-breeding region of China with two-thirds
of the medicines needed, it also ships some of its products
to Sinkiang and other livestock rearing regions,
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 Approved For Release 2001/12/05: CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
FOR OI"I' I C I A I, USE' ONI,Y
2. Illnel M~~11(''uI IU A~'I^iclul1111.11..1 McoIIIt IILlaIloII
Scllo?o I
The Inner Mongolia, Agricultural. Mechanization
School wits es Lab I ished I. n 1958 as It resu I L o f the rcorga-
n.LzaLion of the inner Mongolia, Agricultural School. I t;
Is Located at Ta t'at., a hamlet. 1I.LuaLed about five miles
moutheaSL of Su i.-,yuaIi, and may be reached by way of an
var Lh-surfaced road leading south from the "new c i. ty ."
The school oi'FeI's a 3-yeas curriculum LhaL Includes
courses on handling and repairing Irac Lors, dynamics,
ma,themaIics, mechanical drawing, and a.gri.cu.1 Loral ma-
chinery.
111n v r Mon goI f;t No llmaI Univurs
The Inner Mongolia. Normal University was
established In 1952, Formed as the I nner Mongolia Normal.
College from a merger of the Former Chahar Normal College
and the Sul-yuan Normal School, IL is the oldest univer-
siLy of Inner Mongolia. The school began offering a
2-year curriculum in 1958, In 1961, the curriculum was
expanded to 4 years, and the name was changed from "col-
lege" to "university." The primary responsibility of
the university is to produce "backbone" teachers for high
schools and "general" teachers for other normal colleges
and universities. A "backbone" teacher is generally rec-
ognized to be more learned and capable than a "general"
teacher. Graduation from Inner Mongolia Normal Univer-
sity qualifies one to teach at. the high school level, and
this is the usual assignment upon graduation; however,
ass.i gnulen Is to lower schools or factory institutes are
occasionally given. Primary emphasis in Inner Mongolia
Normal University is placed upon the physics, chemistry,
and mathematics; over 80 percent of the graduates major
in one of these sciences, There is no graduate training
at Inner Mongolia Normal University, and those considered
capable of further study are sent to Inner Mongolia Uni-
versity or Inner Mongolia Research Institute.
4. Inner Mongolia University
Founded in 1957, the inner Mongolia Univer-
sity grew, with the aid and support of Peking University,
Nan-kai University, and the People's University of China,
Approved For Release 2001/12/05: CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
into one of the nwre Lechneiogica11.y progressive univer-
st tics of China. Among the Lmpoi-tant departments are
those in mathematics, dynamics, radio-exec ironies, chonr-
Istry, and botony. The university offers a 5-year cur-
riculum in most of these I'i.elds. Besides carrying out.
research, the students of Inner Mongolia University
have established fac tortes for the produc t1on of cl cc-
tronic oquiplllerrt., it chemical plant;, and an extensive
farm. Also located at the Inner Mongolia University
are the radio Electronics Research Inst.itute, an e.loc-
t.r'onic ;.nSLrum.Mt, plant, and -- in the physics depart-
ment of the tlniverrs.1ty -- the Inner Mongolia branch of
the Atomic Energy Research I ns Li to te.
5. Other Educational 'Facili lies
Other fac1.1ities include the Inner Mongolia
Engineering College, the Inner Mongol is Post and Tele-
communications College, and the Inner Mongolia Scientific
and Technological Commission.. This commission controls
the scientific and technological research carried out by
higher educational institutes. Housed with it is the
Inner Mongolia Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The Inner Mongolia Teaching Hospital with its associated
medical college, the Inner Mongolia, College of Forestry,
and the Inner Mongolia Polytechnic Institute complete
the list of colleges and inst,i. t.utes that provide advanced
social and technical training. Supplementing these facil-
ities are numerous primary and middle schools.
B. Cultural Features
Cultural attractions in Hu-ho-hao-t'e center
around structures surviving from former civilizations,
when Kuei-hua was a marketing center for ca,-. vans moving;
between the North China plain and Mongolia. Aside from
the old town it-sell', remnants of other civilizations in
Hu-ho-hao- t' e include the Wan-pu-hua-yen-ching pagoda,
the Wu-t'a-chao pagoda., and a few remaining sections of
the otherwise obliterated old city walls. The Wan-pu-
hua-yen-ching pagoda may be found in the eastern suburbs
of Hu-ho-hao-t' e, southwest of the village of Pai-t.' a-
ts'un near an unused monastery. The pagoda was built
between 983 and 1031 A.D. under the Emperor Sheng-tsung.
Several inscriptions from the Yuan dynasty may be seen
inside the restored structure.
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
'I'hce WLI- I.' a-c;hao pal,'oda, (also K a- I. t ng-rszu or Cliff)-
it ang- pito- tso- I a) Is 111 the 1" 1ng-It,anl; ciis t.ri.c1, of Lhe
of.d cil.y Dating from .I.740, LI. is (he only romai.ning
pit yL o1' it mona.sto 'y of Lhe same mine, A ncIghbor.1ng
monas t.e l y con La. I ils some 1. n t.e rc~s L t nlI l ea Lu res such as It
ha 1.'.1. of su tras and it 1 lbravy . III flu- ho-hao- L' e there
is also a mosque that is worth viHi 1111 fr,,
IIu-ho-hao- t` v' s more modern ament t Les include
several cinemas, a new museum, a. I.heaIre, and at. teas1,
one large department store,
C. I ndustri.es
I Sm"'a.r Itel'-net'Y
Const.rueIion of the Clil.nit National Iluhehot.
Sugar Refinery was .ini i ia.ted in 1958 and the plant. began
operation in .1.960. Although i t.s equipment and machinery
were made in China, the plant itself was constructed
with German technical assistance. Located on if. branch
line of the Ching-pao railway, the refineries daily
capacity is 1 , 000 tons 01' sugar beets.
Wool Textile Fa.ctoj
A wool text , le factory, cons I rue ted in the
period 1957-62, produces :12 kinds of high-quality woolen
fabrics, serge, and blankets; its washing, dyeing, spin-
iiinl;, and wceavint; pi'occss;eC-; are ent irely nleeha.nizod_ All
installed machinery and equipment was produced in China,
The factory now camp l oys near 1 y 100 tee hn i c. i ans and more
than 2,000 workers of various nationalities, including
Mongols, Han, Hui, Manchus, and Daurs,
3, I-Isin-shen g General Machinery Plant
Among the kinds of machinery produced by the
general machinery plant are electric generators and
mining, metallurgical, and sugar-refining equipment. Also
produced here is equipment. for small blast furnaces,
steam boilers, steam engines, gas engines, and water
turbines. The pig iron consumed in this plant. is pro-
duced within the complex, whose production capacity will
be considerably increased with the completion of the two
additional blast furnaces now under construction.
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
l''Olt OFF']CIA1, US]; ONI1Y
4. IIH.i u-t-ahefl( Iron and S Leo.11) l c.n L
Thl.ss 1)lant: roport:cdl.y began operation in
105H w1 Lh eight bias L furnaces; it',' yearly capacity is
approx.l.matoly 200, 000 moLl.lc tons of pig iron anal
100, 000 me t,ric tons of s iee.L. Within the plant; there
are workshops for smel.ting, vol.1ing, shoe Ling;, and
scam] ceHS s cue.] tube produc L ion
D. Surroundings
1. Pal-.Iillg-mlao (Bato Sume) and Environs
ThrOo or four mixes noi'L.11 01' fIu-ho-hao-i.' c
is the Great Mongolian Road, an 0.1(1 and 1'amous caravan
route whose branches run to Outer Mongolia, Sinkiang,
and the Moslem-occupied par Ls of Kansu. About 120 miles
to the no r thwoS L From flu- ho-ha.o- L' c on this road stands
the temple domain of Pai-Ling;-mi.a.o. This domain was for
many years the most 1.mpol'ta.n t pas Lure ground for cara-
vans coming to the old town of Kuei-hua. West of Pai-
.11ng-mlao the caravan rouLos divided. The Great Mon-
golian Road went. northwest through Outer Mongolia and
on to UrumchI. and Turfan in Sinkiang. The second
routo, and the main .11ne of communication Lietwoen
flu- ho-hao- t:' e and the western sections of Inner Mongo-
lia, was the "Winding 11oad." West of the Edsin Gol
this road crossed the '-lack Gobi, the most forbidding
of all Mongolian closer Ls . The former importance of the
"Winding Road" is attested by the ruined remains of
ELsina and Edsln Gol -- a walled city inhabited in
Marco Polo's day but long s i necc dolor l.od -- a>d !-,y the
big Iamascrios of Shaudan and Tukomen.
About GO miles noi?th from Hu-ho-hao-t'e on the Gi'eat
Mongolian Road there is an important: Mongol religious
foundation, known to the Chinese as Chao Ho and to the
Mongolians as Shiretu Jo. This t'.~mple and its domain,
about 10 square miles in area, narked the northernmost
penetration of the Turret Mongols, The Turret Mongols
along with other Ordos tribes are the modern remnants of
one of the most important Mongol vassv.1 states that oc-
cupied most. of old Sui-yuan province. Between Chao Ho
and the IIu-ho-hao- t' e plain almost all Tume Ls have been
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
1qOit 01''1 I C I A1h UHI ONLY
Stipp 1 an t,ed by Ch I nc'He . 'file 'I'innc' t ti 0I)0(' hc' I d it' I I I t' I'i' I Lo i'y
1'vonl old Kue I- hua, t ci Chad) M), T0(Iity Tunic t who have
t.aancd Lhc Monl;cl I I a.nI'll tl.gc? ma.y bee found Ill a Few pica t. t~ ! cd
v.i.;l..l.af;es between Lhe p1i.I 115 of' ]III-ho-hao- t' e and the inner
Mongol-fan lin.luau; a few huncli'c'd ntol'e Illlly be found oil the
ShireLu Jo temple dowa.i.n.
Ten to fil'teen miles cast of Pa I- Ii. ng- in I no In the
valley of the Al.bagh-in Gol, 11-V located Lhc ruins of an
old NesLorta.n city The city SIands on the north bank
of the "river" (which is only a. few Inches deep), at a
point where another valley opens from the north. East of
the city, at the Junction of the two valleys, there is a
Jagged hill c,al.led Agot 0.1, or the 11111 of Caves? To the
south, across the stream and on the Iar rein of the valley,
there is a large obo or calm flanked by two rows of
smaller cairns This line of ca.irlis, I ' I('e ced with white
quartz, is known as ?Jirgalet Obo or the Rank of OboS. 't'ile
ruined city It seI f 1 s known as Y isun Sunk-ill Toi', Ru tns
of Nine Temples, 01' sometimes, (lie Ruins of Many Temples
(Olin Sume- i n Tor). The town ru t ns measure about one
quarter mile from east to west and a. 1 i t t.le less from
north to south. It is roughly the size of the old walled
city of Kuei.-11M1, whose gates and walls were much more
formida.ble, The wa I I s of I, lie ruined city arc best pre-
served on the north and west and are ob1 i t era t ed on the
east and south. Within the city arc the ruins of palaces,
religious structui'es, public offices, and other buildings.
Artifacts that may be found in the old ci t.y are old stone
slabs marked wi t.li crosses, and chips and pieces of pot-
Lei-y. Outside the city arc ruins of' what probably was a
Chinese marketplace,
2. A Visit . to a Commune
One typical Inner Mongolian commune lies
about 8 miles south of 111.1-110-h-,10-t' (D along the main road.
Probably one of the poorest communes 01' China., i t con-
sists of about 4,000 families (16,000 people), formerly
grouped into 32 villages and 25 production brigades.
About Jour-1'ii'ths of the population are Han Chinese; ill
addition, there are a few Manchu fa.nl) 1 les and ..,oine Mon-
golians, The main cult i va. t ed crops grown are mu i ze and
sorghum, and many sheep are grazed. Most . crops are
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
FOR OFFICIAL lj8x ONLY
I ' r t_t;It t.c!(I aH t?tt f nfal .1 f n tl-f.H c t. ion of MoII .o I Itt ire
FtltnrHo. I1,11.t;ati.otI wilt(!)., putrtpt:'(1 I'rottt unclt'1'Kroun(1
Hourcnt4, Htlppi.f.CH morn t:1-it it fottr-f.i.l.'tIHI of t Iv nrtthI(r
11111d of thC commune, E.l oc tri.c 1. ty .1.H aviti l rthl.c' ovc'ry-
wltt_'rcc, Along iha road to t.li(' command it proml.n(>nt h.111
ov('rl.ookH tilt, oth('rwit cr c?xIrtn-e.1y plain, 'I'll 114
III I I ii-( -t hulfo h t t r . 11t 1 i,routt(1, I I wnt4 hui.1 t. 111 I'll('
11 rt4t c7t'nt.ury il,C. for -t Chin( ut_! pritt(tt~ttw who I-ad 1)c'011
Ften t. by tho (t-tpmrot' to tt-tt r.ry tho Icing of Inner Monl,0-
1.1n.
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
F11"un, I. 11();:1cIll N)"(111c
F.igurc 2. Chu ng-shan-h.;I-Lu. 'T'his is thc?
major lx>ulc'vard connecting Kiwi-hua and
Sui - }Yuan. IG(i
FOil OFFICIAL USE' ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
i''UR t-i l I('IAI. It;;1; t-,VI,S'
()I t Itl
c i l t l 1 ~ mua;~ t t n t , i n t u i ~ ' I i ; t l I t
Fi g'tt t?c -1. Lama 1(1111)1 c -it Pci- 1 i n1.; . 1 96(i
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
IOU (-i?'J IC1,1I, il;;p, ONI,}'
'I'Iii' I'l'uuJ) I i-' Pm-k. 1962
i. V! I
FiJ;urc (i Inii r Mongolia Univcrsil,Y, 1963
F011 OI F 101 11, USE ONI,Y
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
1~OIt O1'I' I (' I A I US),; UNI,Y
Fig;ui?c 7.
Woolen t('x1.i I(, mi I l .
III :-Ou t h y y 1,I) - ti hti ? I)H 1963
FOR OFFICIAL, USE ONLY
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 AppirQved For Rel 4''2001/12/05: CIA-RDP85T00875R000 XCYd3Q 15-3 y
~1(1N(~(11.IA ~IN~.Vf' MONGOLIAN ~'
IMn.I
NOTE: In.freueron.l loc.Non, and ac... ac. ppco.lm.f..
I'al Inlg(saia1,' (I".-,- I"I
1'nl ran n,nl '1?. 6'..;n.
q?
AUTbNOMOUS RGGION la'?^lW"II
?..:+ ` ,,~'1CII'Ih long
Its Inns
~; v
lKa ll r'RKrNrit}I'
jmIIN. 1
v Rl~ ~J
JI'Rllp 011 .n .
/ J
II Ahill _ '.~, nl. II'.t
fOYqN 0, ?.
1
Inner Mongolia
j Normal Unloe lily
Inner Mongolia I oreslry College
Inner Mongolia Agricultural and
Animal llusbandry University
Inner Mongolia College of Posh
and Talecorn mu nicat ions
llu ho hnc?1'e
Woolen Textile Mill
0
Chnlou
Inrhuu
Islnn,~~ l - % Y I l ,, II / I
". 1
CIIINA
HU-NCB-HAO-T'E
AND VICINITY
Inner Mongolia
Polytechnic School
Inner Mongolia Agricultural
Mechanization School
3 Miles
3 Kilometers
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
 Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3
MA ,HUA-PAN
~..~...1 SRI.-. I.L.-...
\\
I-/11nr1
~Illn.ln ..
1 ~a1I1.
I"Ia
lea-rain Kung-yuan
1 ; (Pnupln'c PAW
KUEi-H`UA
wn-ra
r
d
rago
aAlt
`Nln-P11-1111,1?yen hinp, I'np'9a
z
is
NOTE: 1nrt6rofnond /oc.rrom and
a,*.# ?' ?pprowimdr.
(a..~.,[~~('fhin~?ppo 111nilrnad
Inner Mongolia College of
I'ostc and telecomnuinrcations
HLI-HO-HAO-T'E
tiu-ho-hao-1,C
Woolen Textile Mill
Inner Mongolia
Normal University
Inner Mongolia
University
Inner Mongolia
Agriculti nal and
Animal thabindry
Uniyersit`,
Approved For Release 2001/12/05 : CIA-RDP85T00875R000600030015-3