INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS ON U.S. CITIZENS HELD IN SINO-SOVIET BLOC COUNTRIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85S00362R000600100006-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 21, 2006
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: March 14, 1956
• Content Type: REPORT

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IAC-D-101/3
14 March 1956
INTELLIGENCE ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Intelligence Requirements on U.S. Citizens
Held in Sino-Soviet Bloc Countries
1. Attached is the joint report of the State Prisoner Officer
and the Defense Prisoner Officer prepared in response to IAC
request for clarification of requirements (IAC-D-101/2, para. 4).
See also IAC-D-101 and 101/1.
2. This will be placed on the agenda of an early IAC meeting
for discussion.
Secretary
State Dept., JCS reviews
completed
-DF pro-4
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IAC-D-101/ 3
14 March 1956
MEMORANDUM FOR: Chairman, Intelligence Advisory Committee
SUBJECT
Nature of the Problem
Recommendations for Improving Collection
of Intelligence on Americans Held in
Communist Countries
1. The United States Government and the American people
traditionally have felt deep concern at the unjust detention of
American citizens in foreign countries. The Government is ob-
ligated to take every possible step to procure the release of such
citizens. The impri sonment of Americans in Communist countries
presents a-new and unusual problem in this field because of the
exceptional difficulty of obtaining accurate intelligence.
2. In negotiating for release of prisoners held or believed
held by Communist countries, it has become increasingly apparent
that improved intelligence is an essential base for effective action
to recover personnel. The Communists have demonstrated again
and again that unless the United States can identify the subject of
negotiation and provide evidence that he is being held by the
Communists, there is little chance of effecting his release.
3. The intelligence available, to support these recovery
activities has usually been collected as a by-product of other
intelligence. Th'e material provided the negotiators has been
compiled by persons outside the intelligence community who have
little appreciation of the task of negotiating face to face with the
Communists.
4. Most intelligence reports have been lacking in detail and
specificity. General lack of emphasis on this problem has resulted
in reporting of isolated bits of information which have not been
correlated with existing intelligence. The reports reflect the
shortage of liackground information in the hands of the field
collectors.
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IAC-D-101/3
14 March 1956
5. While there are indications of failure to cross-disseminate
the reports available to all interested agencies, these problems of
communication are rapidly being eliminated by improved liaison
within the Government and by concentrated effort on the part of State
and Defense Department personnel. However, there are certain
areas that could benefit by further examination.
Examples of Particular Problems
6. In the negotiations-being conducted in Geneva with the
Chinese Communists by Ambassador Johnson, he has been severely
handicapped in demanding an accounting for 450 American servicemen
missing from the Korean war because the records on these men are
inadequate. He has been unable to cite specific, convincing facts in
individual cases to demonstrate that the Communists should have
.kno.wledgel.of the fate of these persons. One important reason for the
inadequacy of the information is the fact that neither the original
collectors of the intelligence nor the persons who compiled the records
for use in Geneva were properly instructed as to the type of intelli-
gence to be collected and the use tc which it was to be put.
7. Many agencies are currently engaged in interrogating
German prisoners returning from Soviet prison camps. The in-
terrogators are handicapped in exploiting this_excellent source of
intelligence on Americans held in the USSR because they lack
proper_guidance and background material on missing persons.
Recommendations
8. It is recommended that arrangements be made in the
intelligence community:
(a) to determine which agencies of the United States
Government, both within and outside of the intelligence community,
are capable of contributing substantially to the collection of intel-
ligence of Americans believed held in Communist countries;
(b) to ensure that all available intelligence resources
are utilized to locate and identify United States nationals held in
Communist prisons and to collect and disseminate pertinent
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-IAC-D-101/3
14 March 1956
information to the Department of State in the cases of United States
civilians, the Department of Defense in the cases of United States
military personnel, or to both these departments when it is not
known whether the individual is civilian or military;
(c)to provide for the establishment of an interviewing
guide containing instructions for the collection of this type of
intelligence, with a supplement containing photographs, vital
statistics, and pertinent biographical material about personnel
possibly held, and history of their disappearance or capture. This
collectibn guide and supplement should be reproduced in legible and
compact form and made available to all field collection agencies.
The guide supplement should enable more pointed and accurate re-
porting from the field and facilitate feedback from time to time of
intelligence available within the Washington area to field agencies.
In addition the guide supplement would provide essential background
material for use in negotiation;
(d)to ensure that effective procedures exist within the
intelligence community for evaluating and collating information
tollected to insure the accomplishment of b) and c) above. (Without
proper evaluation in the past, information pertaining to personnel
not readily identified was not made available to the appropriate
agencies.)
/s/ Ralph N. Clough
Deputy Director for Chinese Affairs
Department of State Prisoner Officer
/8/ James L. Monroe
Lieutenant Colonel, USAF,
Department of Defense Prisoner Officer
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lor
14131UTES: XAC AD ICC CavA41115E MEZTINGS ON INTELLIGENCE RECUIRMENT
ON US CTPIZENS :i ID IN SINO-SOVIET BLOC COMMIES
(11 )A7 19% and 9 Nay 1956)
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"NNW Norl
MARS ATTENDING:
Departuent of Defense
Derartinnt of State
Central Intelligence Agway
Ped3ral Bureau of Investigotion Mr. M.11. Inkrts (h May only)
Jo lat I telligence Group, JCS Cart C. 14. White (h Ney only)
Depirtment of the Amy Lb Col N1 J. Hagooi (Actin Secy)
Del:azimut of the Nalu Cdr O. 0. tiebachner
Department of the Air Nome /10 0. &Michels= Quoting)
PZPISSEIRATIVES MEOW.;
MDT:
Mr. A. C. Denaldectav Diraotor, ?nue of Special Consular
Services, Bureau of Security and Consular Affairs
14r. George Haseltom?DD, SCS/SCA
Nina Mona Glower, Specialist, 3CS/30A
Ar. R. N. Cloughj POW Offlocr & DD, Office of Chinese Affairs,
nureau of Jr Mots= Afters
Mr. J. P. Nevski, Chief, International Relations ltaimh, CA/TJ
Mr. V. A. Craefovd, DD, Office of Restera European Affairs
Mnj A9E. James, OACeS, 0-2 Mimic
*alit J. A. Vreatboravomj HQ. USKO
MOB. H. Harr, HQ USMC
Lt Col James Monroe, Chairman
Niro George A. Pore
1. %he minutes of the 20 April meeting Imre read by the acItilig seoreta27
Thr that meeting (nr. Nagoaki Department of Ster41), alai approved. 4 the ccsontittee,
cith a Change in the last lino each of paragmphil 304 and. 5(c) to read "American
civillana detained in CCM =lift countries," and "Americas deteinal in Conainiat
OCtireS2,105:" M011eative
URABIE Thtmcwagm
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Tn the cow or urseentaticsa alai diseuseion, the cemittee
eoneidered the point raised in the first meeting (es stated in pera 3(a) of
the:0117),Ite0 of that meting). c.,,e,ettee ofpx961, Dot to uranium the scope
e41' ite (study, at this time, to cover the ecgainitien ant ravostaalzaof
leforagetioe. ea all haerienee in Caneuntet Cleiligriea. The annaittee nip howeverp
agree to inelasion of individuals detained threea denial of exit Ti81106 and
Vaal? mew IRS wail as these held ast prisoners?
3. During the einealvier of both neetingo the sonnittee heart and die.
eurged. repoets tem Bambara, ca policies and prombnees within their respective
eceseelsee fee ,,,olleetion, itrcination and dieseednAion of intelligattoe identifying
erb.jer locating bereel.oene believeIi to be Let Ira Connunist ocunitries, as
knoio Are inte).1.1.0tesse frapport of repatriation settles.
Through reporte frost three cetioee De.eArtsent at State,
Iftmoski, Hr. Crawler& and Kim aloversi the following pante cce State poll
eeet ineeederee were brendst out in the first meeting and Atelier clarified in
nowto reetiag,
fl) The problem le simpler with root to individee le detained in
lueeeeteli, (Wm than 7/1.th those detained. in Eastern European Countries ard the
":?fee.11.7 because
of the short ;erica of tuto the prebleet with respect to Chine
*)e extetedo the clemenees of contact that prevailed between Aseriorae in Chimp
no mon eesidu(l ;limber nor being detained. in this area. Celleetion and
evaleatimof infceleatien on detained rersonnel, and reconsendaticn of repatria-
:e.en action euppreted by accunte: timely intellisenoe can therefcre be =educed
ceneetienal (desk) level, in addition to othee duties, without tonal, centre.
1Seed OrGamiSlatlest for this purpeee within CA/11E Bureau, or assietence outside
:-Tie awe= in the font of a specifie collection elan ant eentralised. *Dilation,
ealeat,i. aga. "feed.-backa elsetdeere leithan the "apartment.
(2) In the Office of Eastern Eureepan Affairs* Bursae of European
ITTairs, a card file aystece has been establiahed to simplify collation of
:ttscagets.cal
of long eanding canp)teritzr with reelect to this area. Inforeatica
aretelaed :sereoznel is routinely received., colleted, evaluated Lel recorded
It the opmational (desk or branch) level, aM.releorts obviousky of interest to
ethee ofneera, Tsithin c outedda the Department of State, are diesminated to
Nstargisaiblitty fete develop:Lag intelligence rampart of 3:evil:gaieties acotion
en. initividucle detained in the Itaceeetew European metal/nes ani IMRs however,
with etyma other bureaus Ma offiess l.thia the Depeeteenre.IraeUl
eaeopert with reelect to this area could pee.aibly be levrweed either by
eentealieed respeneibility tor aollection, nroauctien anti diecealsetion within
we bureau, or elseehere within the Deparkeeat tatb respeet to all Conmunist
emeetelesi.
(3) lath reepeet to the iertelligme support prolate, the Office
ecial Consular Services, /lupine of Security and 04311$11182) Affetre, is both
amece mei a allaerel foe infoasation of interset to area desks led branches
Drgatzent of State, and. to other offices erithin Departneat of Wen step
tba FBI cM other agencies? It is not, homer, ouneently aterged with or
_Alit/Area tor eantragized develo:grerat of the intelligenee suppoet en detained.
ereeeJeei req./thee& within, the Department on civilian ore milltary pereennal.
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Th a Deportment Of State lelsoner Officer is baefelelly Deputy
Director: Office of Chinese Affairs, Bureau of Par restore =aim. Hie
eeepoesibilitiee relating to relsorters am limited to those held in Communist
ehina.
(5) MI)tlUTo&o1 ntellioanoe support for repatriation Of detained US setionale.
(2) No office within the OA= or the Ara, hatieV02?); is charged
eeth organized for ?entrain& collectica, proluotion, diesnOxation, liaisen
"feedeback" to nem-collection media, vith re/meet to thie arpect of inton/..
t34011000 Such eeti tee en irsilviduals, or collations on geoups of detained.
r.orsonnel as are otterently produced, are either incidental to estebliehed casualty
or evourity detensinatien objeotiveep or else in reeponse to cosserional, one.tire,
t requirements placed. on the Army Readquarters.
Ct. The liavy repreeentative (OM), Commander Liebecianer, reported. th3t
,:iithoade there is a Limited floe Of information bearing on detained Navy personnel
;are is no stablish.ed requirement cr procedure for proceesing Groh inficereatien
except in eup-post Of casualty deteresimatian Two alphabetical files ma missing
e,ermenvel ere raintained, homer, for other than casualty infenettion purpose-as,
een for Ware reference in 'security determinetione ana the other for future
eeferenreein constection with eoseible idantification, location ant repatriation
pereeneel missing in ocemention with Korean operations. Itepreeentatives of
111, Kerins Corps, Maj Jame oat Copt Weatherspoon, added. to the Rey report that
meeept in support Of caaualty eatentirations the ax Corps is tope nt Ca
qia isztelligenee.
0. The Air Porn reeresentative (AMR) !M .j Michelson, zeported an
:.-IfAive:4 collectiou effor.t, through. Air triton/genie Service Squadrons in the
e'er Leek awl Airope, arm! policy, orsenization ea* procednee for casualty
soeurity detezerleatiaa objectives to thorns reported by the Any. Current4
&reel zt of identificatien a location Of detained Air 102410 yermennel
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as basis for repateiation action is considered by APOINto be a personnel aotion
rethar UM.= intelligence funetion, As a result, altheugh fiell organizations
awe proaeeoZng infermation avenging), on local initiative, there is in the Air
Forcer as in Limy ana Navy, no ceetralized organization an& prooedure far
collooti p production aad nenexation of new intelligenee requirements to sapport
eepatriation action.
00 Tte1 representative?Mia Knhrtz, was not present 9 May 1956 to
wake a yeport, The PEI, hemmer, Is not a primawy scum? or user in this field,
=met with weep t to data in Bayport of security oonclualonn,
g. The CIA repreeentativej Imported and reiterated that 25X1
Nalcelly the ehinery to %loll/est, pecauce, and make avaiWble better intent-
amee in thic field, already eel A30 Vint Is required is activating the machieery
ty opening oat weqpirements, anA beeping the machinery operating through some
wee& mom gar centraUted coomdinatima.
21, The Cheirema arise& the analyels of the committee in two points and
? 50900000^2datiOno
as noel (5) =jeer sgenolee (State, Defame, Army, Ravine Air bores)
ere cmcemend with identifloatiom and location information or intellieenee on
A.otainea DS neticreals face three reasoms? security conolual p oesaalty determina-
tion; memory or repatriftion action, but there Is inadequate eentralized
er comediexted. aotivity to meet the prdblom, particularly with reepeot to recovery
er repatriation,
b. Deoewtnent of Menge can, on enact hos basis, plovide a foes/
for seaport of repatriation motion aa goecifrigritary individuals or
zroup $ ma has des rtec1 a POW Officer (It Col Itiorroe) for this purpose, The
Popo t of Defenee is not the appropriate level wawa, however, to oollate
er coordinate the intent nee snort required for effective repatriation of
either ndlitaey sr nit or other detained. US nationals.
c. Beccumended. thetannAUlemial gUb-committee, *omelettes of lt Col
raMcd (Arm') stal KOTA), am:late& by the State and Defense Prisoner 25X1
Officers (ar. Clou ant I. Col Monrce) &eft a report and res aendations to the
MC, for lessen:WI= to all members of the q4 hce Cemmittee at its nezt meeting.
5. recoomendation of the Chairman was approemt by the Cemmittee, which
edjouened Tending notice of avallatdlity of a draft report ant reeemmeedaticoa.
6. The nest meeting Of the Committee is tentatively schedaled for 101400
Ally, Bose 1033, Tempo Building, la,w
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