THE CUBAN ECONOMY: A STATISTICAL REVIEW

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85S00317R000100080001-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 61
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 2, 2009
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 1, 1984
• Content Type: REPORT

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Directorate of
Intelligence
The Cuban Economy:
A Statistical Review
ALA 84-10052
June 1984
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6-\ Directorate of
Intelligence
? The Cuban Economy:
A Statistical Review
Information available as of 1 June 1984
has been used in the preparation of this report.
ALA 84-10052
June 1984
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Summary
The Cuban Economy:
A Statistical Review
This Reference Aid on the Cuban economy provides a wide range of
statistics of general interest on:
? Agricultural and industrial output.
? Transportation.
? Distribution.
? The value, direction, and composition of foreign trade.
? Hard currency current account balance, debt, and reserves.
? Soviet economic assistance.
? Population and labor force.
The coverage focuses on the period of 1970-82; where available, data for
1983 have also been included. Most tables also include comparative data
for 1957 (the peak prerevolution year) and 1965 (an arbitrary benchmark
for the first decade of the revolution).
The statistics on Cuba were obtained mainly from official Cuban publica-
tions, supplemented with a small amount of data from non-Cuban sources.
Experts consider Cuba's foreign trade data to be fairly accurate, and
checks with partner country data, where available, support this view.
Statistics on production, distribution, and growth are more questionable in
view of Cuba's combination of an elementary statistical system, state
control of data, ideological bias, and lack of a way for foreign observers to
validate these data. For these reasons, and because Cuba's Marxist
national accounting system differs significantly from Western measures,
the GNP statistics in table 1 are from a study done by Wharton
Econometric Forecasting Associates.
The statistics on foreign trade and finance were converted from pesos to
US dollars at official Cuban exchange rates. For this report, Albania has
been grouped with the East European Communist countries. Yugoslavia
has been placed in the non-Communist category because its economic
relations with Cuba are conducted in hard currency at world prices-the
same as non-Communist countries.
The estimates of Soviet economic assistance are based on Soviet subsidies
for Cuban sugar and nickel sales to Moscow and for Cuban petroleum
purchases from the USSR; estimated Cuban drawings of Soviet project
aid; and inferred settlements to cover Cuba's trade deficits with the USSR.
ALA 84-10052
June 1984
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Geography
Area
Capital
Provinces and capitals
People
Population
Language
Literacy
Labor force
Leadership
Fidel Castro Ruz
Economy
Agriculture
Major industries
Exports
Imports
Major trade partners
Official monetary
conversion rate
Soviet economic
assistance
Hard currency debt
Country Brief, 1983
114,478 square kilometers
Havana
Camaguey (Camaguey)
Ciego de Avila (Ciego de Avila)
Cienfuegos (Cienfuegos)
Ciudad de La Habana (Havana)
Granma (Bayamo)
Guantanamo (Guantanamo)
La Habana (Havana)
Holguin (Holguin)
Las Tunas (Las Tunas)
Matanzas (Matanzas)
Pinar del Rio (Pinar del Rio)
Sancti Spiritus (Sancti Spiritus)
Santiago de Cuba (Santiago de Cuba)
.Villa Clara (Santa Clara)
Havana, Santiago de Cuba, Matanzas, Nuevitas, Bahia de Nipe, Mariel
9,858,000 (midyear)
Spanish
About 96 percent
3 million
First Secretary of Cuban Communist Party, President of the Councils of State and
Ministers, and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces
Second Secretary of Cuban Communist Party, First Vice President of the Councils
of State and Ministers, and Minister of Defense
Main crops: sugar, tobacco, rice, vegetables, citrus fruits
Sugar milling, electricity, petroleum refining, nickel mining, food processing,
cement
$6.4 billion f.o.b. sugar, nickel, tobacco, shellfish
$7.2 billion c.i.f. capital equipment petroleum, industrial raw materials, foodstuffs
Exports: USSR, Eastern Europe, China, Canada, Japan, Spain
Imports: USSR, Eastern Europe, China, Canada, Spain, Japan, France, Argentina
1 peso equals US $1.16
$3.3 billion outstanding yearend 1983
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Sancti Ciego
Sointua rte Avila
anett Spiritus Cieuo de Avda
Cuba
Cayman Islands
(U. K.)
?
Provincia capital
P
i
i
l
l
rov
nc
boundary
a-
eve
0
50
100
150 Kilometers
0
50
100 150 Miles
Q
Nuevit
North
Atlantic
Ocean
Santiago
de Cab.
Santiago do Cuba
Guantanamo
(U.S. Naval Base)
Boundary representation is
not necessarily authoritative.
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Summary
Sugar: Milling and Production 4
Sugar: Production, Exports, Consumption, and Stocks 5
Supply of Major Construction Materials
12
Passenger Traffic by Type of Carrier
14
Per Capita Distribution of Key Staples
18
Per Capita Monthly Distribution of Foodstuffs
21
National Accounts
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Foreign Trade by Major Area
25
Value of Exports by Major Commodity
31
Volume of Exports by Major Commodity
32
Value of Imports by Major Commodity (SITC Codes)
33
Volume of Imports by Major Commodity
34
Sugar Exports to Communist Countries
35
Sugar Exports to Non-Communist Countries
36
Sugar Export Prices in Principal Cuban Markets
37
Hard Currency Current Account Balance
38
Hard Currency Debt Outstanding, 30 December 1983
39
Official Peso Exchange Rate
39
Foreign Trade Adjusted for Soviet Price Subsidies
40
Soviet Hard Currency Flows to Cuba
41
Net Official Development Assistance to Cuba From
Non-Communist Sources
42
Civilian Employment by Economic Sector
44
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Table 1
Estimated Gross National Product
GNP produced (million
1974 pesos)
7,990
8,231
8,717
9,240
9,715
9,981
10,428
11,105
11,422
11,470
12,085
12,251
Agriculture
1,051
1,039
1,100
1,222
1,295
1,356
1,466
1,515
1,552
1,589
1,681
1,540
Industry
2,365
2,538
2,769
2,884
3,144
3,057
3,144
3,317
3,345
3,259
3,405
3,503
Nonproductive services
1,494
1,352
1,323
1,423
1,565
1,708
1,736
2,191
2,220
2,391
2,532
2,595
GNP produced (percent
change)
NA
3.0
5.9
6.0
5.2
2.7
4.5
6.5
2.9
0.4
5.4
1.4
GNP utilized b (million
1974 pesos)
7,088
7,791
8,426
9,228
10,037
10,227
10,444
10,823
10,917
11,716
12,186
12,883
a There is no estimate for a real US $/Cuban peso exchange rate-
thus the series is presented in pesos. The official exchange rate-
which overvalues the peso-in 1974 was US $1.21=1 Cuban peso.
b GNP domestically produced plus net trade.
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Table 4
Sugar: Production, Exports, Consumption, and Stocks a
Production
5,672
6,082
7,559
5,950
4,688
5,383
5,926
6,427
6,151
6,953
7,662
7,800
6,805
7,926
8,039
7,511
Exports
5,307
5,316
6,909
5,511
4,140
4,797
5,491
5,744
5,764
6,238
7,231
7,269
6,191
7,071
7,734b
6,791
Consumption
304
492
619
616
471
464
522
499
532
519
552
519
530
552
649
678
Stock,atyearend
681
472
439
262
339
461
374
558
413
609
488
500
583
885
629
671
a Calendar year at raw value.
b Net exports were 7,648-imports were 86.
Sources: International Sugar Organization's Statistical
Bulletin (various issues); and ISO Yearbook (1960).
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Table 5
State Collection of Major Food Crops
Rice (milled)
260
50
291
286
239
237
309
338
335
334
344
312
352
329
372
Beans
36
11
5
5
6
3
3
5
3
2
2
2
5
3
5
Potatoes
94
84
77
75
76
56
88
117
145
137
174.
172
208
246
220
Sweet potatoes and name
184
89
24
41
68
90
88
97
88
70
61
88
204
167
130
Yucca
186
62
22
27
65
73
68
83
84
83
86
72
87
132
112
41
47
12
14
26
20
26
33
45
59
117
102
97
69
26
44
120
62
85
57
101
184
184
194
146
132
157
218
298
206
102
16
14
21
32
31
30
22
21
17
18
14
18
14
16
150
116
164
124
162
177
176
182
199
178
198
192
268
380
467
Milk
NA
231
214
228
344
379
421
454
528
562
609
611
725
739
753
Beef and veala
187
'151
341
325
315
270
228
219
262
269
280
266
279
293
267
Eggs (million dozen)
23
77
117
126
128
132
140
146
142
154
141
153
177
180
158
Pork
42
18
12
16
17
21
30
38
46
52
56
56
54. ,
63
65
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); Boletin
Estadistico (1970); and "Availability and Reliability of Statistics in
Socialist Cuba" by Carmelo Messa Lago in Latin American
Research Review (January 1970).
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Table 6
Production of Industrial Crops for Export
Tobacco
42
43
32
25
40
44
45
41
51
42
40
33
7b
54
45
31
Coffee
44
24
20
26
25
21
29
18
19
16
13
22
19
22
29
26
Seafood (gross catch)
21
40
106
126
140
150
165
143
194
185
213
148
186
164
195
NA
a Preliminary.
b The 1980 Cuban tobacco crop was decimated by blue-mold
disease.
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); Mar y
Pesca, "Availability and Reliability of Statistics in Socialist Cuba"
by Carmelo Messa Lago in Latin American Research Review
(January 1970); various National Bank of Cuba publications.
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Table 8
Supply of Major Petroleum Products a
Fuel oil
1,516 2,690
3,515
3,785
3,841
3,976
3,931
4,150
4,423
5,009
5,300
5,500
5,846
6,085 6,736
Gas oil
(diesel)
439 b 709
1,065
1,144
1,258
1,354
1,467
1,564
1,764
2,092
1,834
1,942
2,051
2,253 2,424
Gasoline
642 938
791
798
816
960
917
991
979
984
1,075
1,079
1,057
1,192 1,109
Kerosene c
NA 202
401
439
441
452
424
447
454
415
427
415
438
429 NA
a Imports plus domestic production.
b Production only.
c Production only; imports are estimated to be between 150 and 225
thousand metric tons annually.
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); Boletin
Estadistico (1970); Comercio Exterior (1958); Boletin Estadistico
Mensual de Cuba (various issues).
Table 9
Estimated Energy Consumption
Barrels per day
oil equivalent
Energy consumption
127,077
148,747
215,767
253,849
268,938
275,566
283,428
280,046
Oil a
81,873
93,463
160,825
188,133
198,541
214,405
220,085
210,865
Nonoil
45,204
55,284
54,942
65,716
70,397
61,161
63,343
69,181
Domestic production
43,900
53,859
57,804
69,724
74,521
65,062
66,528
78,146
Oil
501
1,145
4,547
5,791
5,788
5,491
5,085
10,865
Hydroelectricity
342
964
1,044
1,204
1,204
1,200
1,200
1,200
Ethyl alcohol
1,205
1,484
704
704
704
700
700
700
Bagasse
40,868
45,526
45,526
56,098
60,779
51,621
53,571
59,391
Fuelwood/charcoal
984
4,740
5,701
5,743
5,743
5,740
5,740
5,740
Oil
42,010
69,945
116,416
121,911
122,162
127,201
125,000
125,000
Oil products
39,362
22,373
39,580
60,247
70,288
81,403
90,000
75,000
Coal
1,805
2,570
1,967
1,967
1,967
1,900
1,900
1,900
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Table 10
Supply of Major Construction Materials a
Cement (thousand metric
tons)
815
852
867
1,240
1,530
1,804
1,887
2,164
2,646
2,778
2,817
2,613
2,831 3,292
3,163
Corrugated steel bars
(thousand metric tons)
80 b
39
85
95
145
189
205
243
255
292
293
313
260 275
207
Iron and steel tubing
(thousand metric tons)
26
38
45
46
59
103
85
122
108
104
98
91
99 106
84
Lumber (thousand cubic
meters)
250
292
321
403
291
377
528
637
416
473
551
423
572 556
505
Sand (thousand cubic meters)
NA
780
1,201
1,816
2,596
2,875
3,341
4,204
4,323
4,233
4,678
4,497
4,003 4,700
4,610
Stone (thousand cubic meters)
NA
2,027
2,913
4,813
6,107
7,435
7,599
8,919
9,512
9,682
9,985
10,501
10,0279,885
8,836
Bricks (million units)
NA
64
31
46
71
65
67
77
100
113
115
115
109 117
116
Ceramic bathroom fixtures
(thousand units)
NA
93
55
100
133
135
157
160
171
214
245
231
298 318
358
a Domestic production plus imports.
b Estimated.
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); Boletin
Estadistico (1970); Comercio Exterior (1958); Boletin Estadistico
Mensual de Cuba (various issues).
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Table 12
Passenger Traffic by Type of Carrier
Total
NA
1,398
1,617
1,766
1,862
1,974
2,039
2,268
2,412
2,304
2,334
2,316
2,683
2,934
2,783
Air
NA
0.430
0.877
0.986
0.934
0.814
0.703
0.718
0.731
0.654
0.737
0.900
0.754
0.792
0.895
National
NA
0.406
0.846
0.951
0.895
0.771
0.649
0.654
0.646
0.546
0.613
0.600
0.556
0.565
0.643
International
NA
0.025
0.031
0.035
0.039.
0.043
0.054
0.064
0.085
0.108
0.124
0.300
0.198,
0.227
0.252
Maritime a
NA
0.181
0.365
0.388
0.432
0.397
0.480
0.663
0.796
0.807
0.749
0.700
0.646
0.668
0.7
Motor vehicle
NA
1,375
1,591
1,741
1,837
1,948
2,010
2,234
2,376
2,266
2,294
2,276
2,642
2,896
2,741
Bus
NA
1,324
1,516
1,673
1,759
1,862
1,921
2,121
2,228
2,102
2,145
2,138
2,516
2,746
2,587
Car
NA
51
75
68
78
86
89
113
148
164
149
138
126
150
154
Railroad
7
12
13
12
10
10
10
11
13
15
18
18
20
20
23
Other
7
10
12
12
14
15
18
22
21
22
21
20
39
17
17
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); Boletin
Estadistico Mensual de Cuba, (various issues).
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Table 13
Public Distribution of Major Food Groups a
Grains and Seafood Dairy Products c Fruits and
Cereals b Vegetables d
142.4
156.2
168.8
171.1
a Total distribution to the public through official channels.
b Includes rice, bread, corn, wheat flour, pastas, and cereal.
Includes condensed, pasteurized, crude, evaporated, powdered,
and dietetic milk, yogurt, and cheese.
d Includes citrus fruits, plantains, bananas, jam, preserved fruits
and vegetables, potatoes, malanga, sweet potatoes, name, yucca,
tomatoes, onions, garlic, and beans.
e Includes red meat, chicken, and pork.
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); Boletin
Estadistico (1970).
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
Table 14
Per Capita Distribution of Major Food Groups a
Grains and
Cereals
Seafood
(1965= 100)
Dairy Products
(1965 =100)
Fruits and
Vegetables
Meat
(1971 = 100)
(1966 =100)
(1965= 100)
1966
100.0
99.4
131.5
120.9
NA
1967
106.9
119.6
143.0
103.0
NA
1968
109.5
110.6
144.3
96.5
NA
1969
116.8
117.7
168.5
79.0
NA
1970
126.7
157.9
177.0
65.5
NA
1971
129.4
153.3
185.5
69.5
100.0
1972
128.0
164.1
189.9
80.2
101.3
1973
120.2
171.0
200.2
84.5
91.7
1974
129.1
165.4
205.2
96.3
96.2
1975
128.9
167.6
212.5
102.8
105.9
1976
128.1
170.3
215.4
109.8
109.1
1977
107.9
152.2
207.5
100.6
118.1
1978
119.9
168.2
231.9
108.8
126.4
1979
124.3
141.6
253.3
103.7
127.6
1980
159.2
140.1
239.6
133.3
136.3
1981
174.5
204.6
238.5
147.3
159.9
1982
173.2
235.6
228.7
118.6
152.0
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); Boletin
Estadistico (1970).
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
Table 15
Distribution of Key Staples a
Rice Beans Cooking Oil Coffee Sugar Bread Beef Chicken
and Lard
1965
326.3
77.4
82.7
26.7
369.1
NA
NA
30.8
1966
208.3
79.0
90.3
22.4
421.3
263.5
NA
21.8
1967
215.9
88.7
92.8
23.6
487.2
315.8
NA
19.6
1974
401.6
94.1
114.1
27.8
335.3
420.1
63.7
42.9
1975
416.7
95.8
120.1
28.4
287.3
411.2
60.1
67.4
1976
388.0
105.2
123.5
25.6
342.0
414.9
72.5
61.8
1977
361.7
98.2
118.2
15.8
352.8
297.4
80.4
56.9
1980
383.7
89.5
130.5
17.2
371.4
383.8
75.2
84.8
1981
392.4
106.5
150.8
20.1
392.9
385.9
80.8
95.0
1982
407.6
110.6
156.7
20.4
396.8
386.3
82.4
79.5
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); Boletin
Estadistico (1970).
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SOO317ROO0100080001-1
Table 16
Per Capita Distribution of Key Staples a
Rice
(1965=100)
Beans Cooking Oil
(1965=100) and Lard
Coffee
(1965=100)
Sugar
(1965=100)
Bread
(1966=100)
Beef
(1971=100)
Chicken
(1965=100)
(1965= 100)
1965
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
NA
NA
100.0
1966
62.5
99.9
106.8
82.1
111.7
100.0
NA
69.2
1967
63.5
107.7
107.7
84.8
113.3
117.6
NA
61.1
1968
58.6
97.6
112.1
85.8
139.9
132.3
NA
61.8
1969
77.9
100.3
109.7
89.6
93.6
137.7
NA
47.0
1970
99.8
95.0
111.6
92.7
98.5
137.2
NA
46.3
?1971
107.8
103.2
120.1
91.2
99.2
135.5
100.0
52.2
1972
104.5
100.8
114.5
88.5
79.2
134.4
94.0
65.0
1973
101.5
100.1
112.2
87.8
70.1
121.6
78.4
74.4
1974
104.6
103.3
117.2
88.5
77.2
138.5
62.3
118.3
1975
106.8
103.5
121.5
89.0
65.1
133.5
57.9
183.1
1976
98.1
112.1
123.1
79.1
76.4
132.8
68.9
165.5
1977
90.2
103.3
116.4
48.2
77.8
93.9
75.3
150.4
1978
94.9
107.5
126.4
52.5
78.2
119.2
74.2
177.4
1979
95.5
96.2
124.5
52.4
81.3
116.9
69.4
189.7
1980
95.1
93.3
127.6
52.1
81.3
120.4
70.0
222.6
1981
96.7
110.6
146.6
60.5
85.5
120.3
74.7
247.9
1982
99.6
113.9
151.1
60.9
85.7
119.5
75.6
205.8
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); Boletin
Estadistico (1970).
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SOO317ROO0100080001-1
 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
Table 17
Distribution of Consumer Items a
Cigars
(million units)
Cigarettes
(billion units)
Clothing
(million units)
Leather Shoes
(thousand pairs)
Refrigerators
(thousand units)
TVs, Radios, and
Record Players
(thousand units)
1965
578.5
15.9
86.3
9.7
NA
NA
1966
627.5
16.8
71.2
12.3
NA
NA
1967
731.7
17.7
75.7
12.5
NA
NA
1971
233.9
10.2
65.0
13.0
24.0
164.3
1972
206.3
9.6
79.0
13.4
27.8
252.1
1973
262.0
13.3
96.0
13.5
39.0
342.7
1974
260.9
12.3
88.7
13.0
40.8
267.3
1977
240.9
12.3
83.0
13.4
83.8
519.6
1978
253.0
13.6
83.7
14.8
104.5
398.7
1979
244.0
13.5
116.2
13.9
105.7
481.3
1981
165.2
13.2
103.9
14.5
102.6
556.2
1982
227.8
13.3
120.7
15.1
99.0
761.3
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
Table 18
Per Capita Distribution of Consumer Items a
Cigars
(1965 =100)
Cigarettes
(1965 =100)
Clothing
(1965 =100)
Leather Shoes
(1965= 100)
Refrigerators
(1971=100)
TVs, Radios, and
Record Players
(1971=100)
1969
57.7
122.5
56.7
97.5
1970
50.3
102.8
61.4
107.3
1971
36.4
57.6
67.7
120.5
100.0
100.0
1972
31.5
53.2
80.7
121.8
113.4
150.5
1973
39.2
72.3
96.2
120.3
156.3
200.6
1974
38.3
65.7
87.3
113.9
160.7
153.8
1977
33.9
63.9
78.3
112.4
316.3
286.4
1978
35.2
68.9
78.2
123.1
390.5
217.6
1979
33.9
68.2
108.2
115.2
393.9
260.4
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); Boletin
Estadistico (1970).
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SOO317ROO0100080001-1
Table 19
Per Capita Monthly Distribution of Foodstuffs a
Kilograms
(except where noted)
Beef
NA
NA
0.91
0.86
0.73
0.59
0.54
0.64
0.68
0.68
0.64
0.65
0.64
0.64
Other meat
NA
NA
0.82
0.95
0.91
1.22
1.36
1.32
1.32
1.41
1.49
1.63
1.92
2.01
Sugar
3.95
3.86
3.90
3.13
2.77
3.04
2.59
2.99
3.08
3.08
3.20
3.20
3.37
3.37
Cooking oil
and lard
0.91
1.00
1.04
1.00
1.00
1.04
1.09
1.09
1.04
1.09
1.10
1.13
1.29
1.33
Coffee
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.17
0.17
Fruits
2.81
2.36
2.77
3.81
4.04
4.08
4.17
4.63
4.14
4.13
3.88
4.6
4.57
4.79
Vegetables
NA
NA
2.09
1.68
2.45
3.27
3.54
3.31
2.59
2.54
2.45
3.3
4.50
3.72
Root crops
3.04
1.54
1.68
2.18
2.18
2.45
2.72
2.95
2.95
3.67
3.69
4.9
5.02
4.04
Fish
0.50
0.82
0.82
0.86
0.91
0.86
0.86
0.91
0.77
0.86
0.74
0.73
1.07
1.23
Eggs (units)
9.40
13.30
13.70
13.90
14.30
14.80
15.50
14.60
14.30
14.80
15.40
18.30
18.40
17.60
Bread
NA
3.76
3.72
3.67
3.36
3.81
3.67
3.63
2.59
3.31
3.21
3.31
3.31
3.29
a Distributed through official channels. Actual consumption is
higher because of food acquired through the black market and the
free market. (The free market was not established until 1980.)
Source: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues).
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SOO317ROO0100080001-1
 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85S00317R000100080001-1
0. C
~. a9
O
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a
cc
E
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cam
O
7 U_
w+ ~
N S+
xa
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85S00317R000100080001-1
 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
0
0
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
ITI
0
cD
z
co
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85S00317R000100080001-1
0
v.a?- o
U y O d cd
y C y U
~ ti d C cd
A 'C C N .O 'C
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Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85S00317R000100080001-1
 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SOO317ROO0100080001-1
Cuba: Share of Total Trade
by Major Area, 1957-83
1957
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
Other Communist
Non-Communist
Unclassified
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SOO317ROO0100080001-1
 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
Table 22
Exports to Communist Countries a
Total
42 529
778
557
451
880
1,532
2,401
2,484
3,056
3,868
3,967
3,922
4,063
5,008
5,521
USSR
42 323
529
304
244
567
981
2,011
1,998
2,603
3,319
3,271
3,177
3,018
3,956
4,494
Romania
NEGL 1
13
15
11
18
42
7
21
19
6
30
41
90
46
105
Far East
NEGL 103
99
93
70
110
169
111
133
113
150
185
176
315
386
281
China
NEGL 100
75
69
51
81
157
97
121
102
136
160
163
276
367
247
a Exports are f.o.b.
b Preliminary.
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); Boletin
Estadistico (1970); various National Bank of Cuba publications;
Comercio Exterior (1958).
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
Table 23
Exports to Non-Communist Countries a
Total
776
162
272
304
389
492
1,175
1,171
800
621
707
862
1,671
1,343
920
895
Algeria
NEGL
1
NEGL
2
3
1
6
27
10
9
30
38
132
132
82
51
Belgium-
Luxembourg
10
1
2
3
5
8
5
8
12
11
10
59
20
10
11
10
Canada
12
5
9
11
12
22
100
77
69
51
78
92
162
153
55
45
Egypt
NA
7
7
4
4
1
1
7
5
12
22
18
71
84
61
59
France
11
10
14
6
18
8
14
21
32
28
32
32
36
58
52
71
Iraq
NA
7
0
5
8
0
29
29
15
14
32
46
160
70
38
30
Italy
3
7
14
9
15
23
34
22
26
20
10
42
45
35
35
27
Japan
56
21
108
100
150
203
465
269
78
55
127
106
158
152
85
79
Netherlands
22
4
3
5
6
8
12
8
4
20
10
15
13
12
14
NA
Portugal
NEGL
3
0
0
0
NA
44
66
29
4
24
27
76
52
13
NA
Spain
14
34
41
36
44
62
213
273
123
141
80
108
65
82
107
109
Sweden
5
4
9
8
14
16
46
22
54
10
5
7
5
17
4
3
Syria
NA
3
0
11
16
19
15
25
44
19 '
14
27
59
40
28
21
United Kingdom
44
13
18
17
14
36
54
16
65
20
13
26
21
20
22
35
United States
477
0
0
0
NEGL
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
West Germany
37
1
3
3
4
4
7
6
12
10
23
37
24
17
44
79
Yugoslavia c
0
6
0
NEGL NEGL
3
20
22
66
23
10
13
26
6
8
2
Other
66
41
43
69
71
68
102
225
112
143
163
163
356
320
208
254
a Exports are f.o.b.
b Preliminary.
c Included because trade is conducted in hard currency at world
prices.
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); Boletin
Estadistico (1970); Comercio Exterior (1958); various National
Bank of Cuba publications.
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
Table 24
Imports From Communist Countries a
Total
2
649
905
969
997
1,236
1,631
1,935
2,267
2,906
3,782
4,205
4,983
5,260
5,886
6,255
USSR
NEGL 428
691
731
779
965
1,240
1,513
1,818
2,341
3,096
3,468
3,989
4,139
4,507
4,926
Eastern Europe
2
98
125
143
126
149
208
304
356
471
537
580
826
918
1,082
1,120
Albania
0
1
1
1
1
1
5
2
7
8
5
1
3
7
4
7
Bulgaria
NEGL
16
23
25
34
34
56
103
102
114
169
161
205
224
201
224
Czechoslovakia
2
36
30
31
33
40
50
54
46
63
69
89
143
176
214
208
East Germany
0
25
50
63
39
48
63
92
122
192
185
187
233
219
245
287
Hungary
NEGL
8
5
8
8
7
11
18
46
50
63
65
73
79
116
149
Poland
0
8
3
2
2
9
11
18
12
25
43
64
97
67
83
104
Romania
NEGL
4
13
13
9
10
12
17
21
19
3
13
72
146
219
141
Far East
NEGL
123
89
95
92
122
183
118
93
94
149
157
168
203
297
209
China
NEGL
120
75
79
79
103
155
105
86
82
126
135
149
178
263
177
a Imports are c.i.f.
b Preliminary.
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); Boletin
Estadistico (1970); Comercio Exterior (1958); various National
Bank of Cuba publications.
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
Table 25
Imports From Non-Communist Countries a
Belgium-Luxembourg
11
6
3
5
17
15
36
24
22
83
43
23
32
36
13
14
Canada
18
15
28
27
20
41
114
119
126
69
52
49
157
101
58
43
France
8
19
61
63
20
35
68
127
72
89
54
56
168
135
40
116
Italy
6
5
55
55
13
24
56
119
79
43
38
31
38
53
29
22
Japan
4
4
33
60
49
103
212
437
281
368
200
173
251
205
163
99
Mexico
6
3
NEGL NEGL
14
8
15
33
35
37
27
10
25
14
19
27
Netherlands
5
6
21
16
7
7
48
62
50
34
39
39
45
75
40
43
Spain
13
47
36
33
17
48
75
184
227
194
99
145
189
209
116
123
Sweden
3
2
7
16
14
16
31
54
43
43
20
27
52
47
38
19
United Kingdom
24
50
59
61
47
64
102
155
188
60
75
84
108
80
60
107
United States
667
0
0
0
NEGL
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
West Germany
32
5
34
17
25
46
129
169
98
82
99
101
116
127
65
75
Yugoslavia c
0
6
1
NEGL NEGL
3
6
7
7
41
7
9
7
6
5
12
a Imports are c.i.f.
b Preliminary.
Included because trade is conducted in hard currency at world
prices.
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); Boletin
Estadistico (1970); Comercio Exterior (1958); various National
Bank of Cuba publications.
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
 C
E
E
C
U
C
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85S00317R000100080001-1
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85S00317R000100080001-1
 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85S00317R000100080001-1
Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85S00317R000100080001-1
 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
Table 28
Value of Imports by Major Commodity (SITC Codes)a
Total
866
1,310
1,387
1,297
1,741
2,692
3,766
3,879
4,362
4,751
5,089
6,409
6,546
6,645
Food and live animals, beverages,
tobacco, oil, fats (SITC 0,1,4)
205
263
316
324
411
684
718
723
736
861
865
1,093
1,117
1,001
Crude materials, except fuels
(SITC 2)
25
61
70
55
65
116
145
98
133
282
215
278
278
258
Chemicals (SITC 5)
46
77
57
62
92
118
212
157
155
219
329
426
431
361
Basic manufactured goods
(SITC 6)
153
130
137
149
215
340
464
398
437
512
777
884
.932
913
Machinery and transport
equipment (SITC 7)
133
368
390
245
365
552
911
1,220
1,433
1,277
1,738
2,253
2,205
2,097
Miscellaneous manufactured
articles (SITC 8)
NEGL NEGL
I
I NEGL NEGL
I
1
1
28
116
164
162
208
Other (SITC 9)
219
297
289
298
399
- 642
939.
859
862
713
a Consistent data for 1957 are not available. Imports are c.i.f.
b Some of the imports reported in the other category through 1978
probably could be classified in SITC categories 6 and 7.
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); various
National Bank of Cuba publications.
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Table 30
Sugar Exports to Communist Countries
USSR
358
2,456
3,105
1,581
1,097
1,661
1,975
3,187
3,036
3,790
3,936
3,842
2,726
3,204
4,426
3,315
Eastern Europe
7
584
961
960
696
834
796
521
675
631
615
740
704
902
805
994
Albania
0
11
11
23
15
14
13
14
13
8
21
25
17
12
16
16
Bulgaria
0
158
231
211
154
213
190
186
232
219
190
218
234
250
278
331
Czechoslovakia
0
245
227
190
151
163
160
56
109
67
85
99
99
100
135
145
Romania
0
0
99
109
73
78
78
11
39
26
0
39
47
139
90
221
Far East
0
485
736
737
501
517
495
323
403
317
633
624
570
709
961
876
China
0
398
530
464
295
302
359
183
254
228
534
486
512
573
915
772
Mongolia
0
0
0
0
11
3
3
3
2
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
North Korea
0
21
149
197
119
136
55
50
22
19
12
22
11
28
17
22
Vietnam
0
66
57
76
76
.76
78
87
125
68
82
111
42
103
24
77
Sources: International Sugar Organization's Statistical Bulletins
(various issues); ISO Yearbook (1960).
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Table 31
Sugar Exports to Non-Communist Countries a
Angola
0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
32
51
68
54
67
58
52
41
Canada
95 69 65
73
31
47
116
156
149
139
279
316
264
376
160
190
Egypt
0 126 32
43
21
5
0
14
23
72
127
111
138
162
190
230
Ethiopia
0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
Finland
0 0 0
12
16
26
83
96
71
131
88
102
78
173
39
65
Indonesia
0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
141
105
133
39
14
14
0
Iran
5 73 0
25
52
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
62
Iraq
8 126 21
52
56
0
65
78
83
87
191
248
278
178
134
158
Japan
460 415 1,221
912
909
985
1,152
339
150
183
530
297
267
355
295
355
Malaysia
NEGL NEGL 215
141
88
29
64
0
19
0
64
25
25
108
26
48
Mexico
0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
401
138
140
63
Morocco
189 182 106
165
55
62
41
100
109
166
132
12
0
0
0
0
New Zealand
0 0 0
0
0
13
39
94
35
17
0
59
0
0
16
0
Portugal
10 42 0
0
0
0
52
116
92
26
142
117
131
155
71
15
Spain
30 174 143
82
98
104
363
327
115
159
0
80
0
23
22
0
Sweden
16 42 60
47
65
56
51
35
108
35
0
0
0
25
0
5
Syria
21 62 98
116
101
107
41
53
106
109
87
141
134
109
.109
109
United Kingdom
424 113 0
51
29
122
71
17
139
0
0
13
0
0
0
0
United States
2,783 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Yugoslavia
22 85 0
72
43
12
50
61
266
13
0
0
0
10
0
9
Other
879 264 108
417
257
211
30
181
118
109
58
152
162
119
66
157
Source: International Sugar Organization's Statistical Bulletins
(various issues); and ISO Yearbook (1960).
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Table 32
Sugar Export Prices in Principal Cuban Markets
USSR
5.4
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
11.9
19.6
30.4
28.2
28.4
36.7
37.7
48.6
35.2
35.8
Eastern Europe
5.4
6.1
5.6
5.9
6.1
7.9
19.6
19.6
19.5
20.9
22.4
23.4
27.1
26.5
25.2
China
b
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
11.0
17.0
23.6
19.3
16.2
13.6
13.3
23.1
24.7
19.8
Non-Communist countries
a Average contract prices for raw sugar, f.o.b., as reported in
official Cuban trade statistics. Prices derived from value and
volume data differ from the contract prices.
b No sugar purchased by China in 1957.
Average annual export price, f.o.b., Caribbean ports; actual price
received by Cuba may differ because of seasonality of deliveries.
Sources: International Financial Statistics (IMF); Anuario Esta-
distico de Cuba (various issues); Comercio Exterior (1958).
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Table 33
Hard Currency Current Account Balance
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983 a
Trade balance
-134
-114
89
-13
113
-256
-708
-527
-181
137
517
364
727
511
Exports, f.o.b. b
272
304
389
492
1,175
1,576
904
929
792
939
1,759
1,799
1,627
1,431
Socialist c
0
0
0
0
0
405
104
308
168
155
141
422
747
600
Imports, f.o.b. d
406
418
300
505
1,062
1,832
1,612
1,456
973
802
1,242
1,435
900
920
Interest payments
-45
-55
-105
-190
-243
-371
-432
-409
-288
Other current transactions
20
20
20
25
25
10
25
40
-332
-84
-213
132
41
14
Current account balance
-140
-129
69
43
68
-291
-738
-592
-703
-190
-67
64
359
237
a Preliminary.
b 1978-83 data based on Cuban balance-of-payments statistics;
exports differ slightly from those in table 24 because the latter are
registered on the basis of bill-of-lading dates rather than when the
National Bank of Cuba actually receives the documents.
c Hard currency purchases of Cuban goods by Socialist countries.
Primarily sugar purchases by the USSR and China.
d For 1970-77, imports c.i.f. For 1978-83, imports f.o.b., and
transportation included in service account (other current
transactions).
- Includes primarily receipts from tourism, ship chartering, con-
struction, and payments for transportation.
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues), various
National Bank of Cuba publications.
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Table 34 Million US $ Table 36
Hard Currency Debt Outstanding, Official Peso Exchange Rate
30 December 1983 a
r Total 3,320.0
Official bilateral 1,682.9
Intergovernmental loans 204.4
Credits for development aid 32.2
Export credits with govern- 1,446.3
ment guarantee a
Official multilateral 27.7
Suppliers credits 118.2
Financing institutions 1,490.4
Bank loans and deposits 1,426.5
Medium-term bilateral 543.8
and commerical loans
Short-term deposits 882.7
Credits for current imports 63.9
Other credits 0.8
a Preliminary.
Sources: Various National Bank of Cuba publications.
Table 35
Hard Currency Reserves,
30 December 1983
Total
330.5
Gold and precious metals
15.7
Cash and deposits with foreign banks
314.8
Value in US $
1957-60
1.00
1961-70
1.00
1972
1.09
1973
1.19
1974
1.21
1975
1.21
1976
1.22
1977
1.26
1978
1.33
1979
1.38
1980
1.41
1981
1.28
1982
1.20
1983
1.16
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Table 37
Soviet Assistance to Cuba a
Average
Annual
1961-70
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983e
Development aid b
225
450
565
430
295
150
185
230
320
460
830
1,415
975
1,000
Trade subsidies
102
120
49
181
43
914
1,384
2,040
2,626
2,718
2,633
3,023
3,586
3,100
Sugare
102
51
0
71
-408
577
989
1,638
2,427
2,324
1,165
1,366
2,580
2,800
Petroleum d
0
42
27
62
411
310
374
378
164
381
1,480
1,657
1,006
300
Nickel c
0
27
22
48
40
27
21
24
35
13
-12
0
0
0
Total economic aid
327
570
614
611
338
1,064
1,569
2,270
2,946
3,178
3,463
4,438
4,561
4,100
a Based on official Cuban and Soviet trade data.
b Based on (a) estimated balance-of-payments aid to cover Cuban
trade deficits with the USSR, (b) Cuban purchases of capital goods
from Moscow, and (c) public statements by Cuban and Soviet
officials concerning the amount of development aid extended. This
aid is repayable but terms are highly concessional.
c Sugar and nickel subsidies are estimated as the difference between
the price Moscow pays for these commodities and the world market
value. The difference is considered a grant and not subject to
repayment.
Table 38
Foreign Trade Adjusted for Soviet Price Subsidies a
Average 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975
Annual
1961-70
Total exports, f.o.b. 677 861 840 1,372 2,707 3,572
Less Soviet sugar 102 78 22 119 -368 604
and nickel subsidies c
Adjusted total 575 783 818 1,253 3,075 2,968
exports
Total imports, c.i.f. 971 1,387 1,297 1,741 2,693 3,767
Plus Soviet oil 0 42 27 62 411 310
subsidy b
Adjusted imports 971 1,429 1,324 1,803 3,104 4,077
Trade balance -294 -526 -457 -369 14 -195
d The petroleum subsidy reflects the difference between the value of
petroleum purchased from the USSR and the value of these imports
at world market prices. It is considered a grant and not subject to
repayment.
e Estimated.
Sources: Anvario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); Vneshhyaya
Torgovlya USSR (various issues); various National Bank of Cuba
publications.
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980 1981
1982
1983b
3,284
3,677
4,575
4,829
5,593 5,406
5,928
6,416
1,010
1,662
2,462
2,337
1,153 1,366
2,580
2,800
2,274
2,015
2,113
2,492
4,440 4,040
3,348
3,616
3,879
4,362
4,751
5,089
6,409 6,546
6,645
7,219
374
378
164
381
1,480 1,657
1,006
300
4,736
4,740
4,915
5,470
7,889 8,203
7,651
7,519
-595
-685
-176
--260
-816-1,140
-717
-803
Adjusted trade -396 -647 -506 -550 -29 -1,109-2,462-2,725-2,802-2,978-3,449-4,163-4,303-3,903
balance
a Estimates based on official Cuban and Soviet trade data.
b Preliminary.
c See table 37 for derivation of Soviet price subsidies.
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); Vneshnyaya
Torgovlya USSR (various issues); various National Bank of Cuba
publications.
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Table 39
Soviet Hard Currency Flows to Cuba a
Average
Annual
1961-70
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
Total
55
62
69
73
123
601
343
546
290
356
375
703
773
NA
Soviet sugar purchases b
0
0
0
0
0
424
159
223
126
134
0
168
291
10
Grain/flour exports c
55
62
69
73
123
174
173
216
133
213
234
319
266
NA
Otherd
0
0
0
0
0
3
11
107
31
9
141
216
216
578
a Based on Soviet and Cuban trade data.
b Extraprotocol purchases by the USSR for hard currency.
c Purchased by the Soviet Union in hard currency markets; Cuba
pays for the grain in soft currency.
d As reported in Cuban trade data, hard currency for oil saved.
Sources: Various National Bank of Cuba publications; Vneshnyaya
Torgovla USSR (various issues).
Table 40
East European Assistance to Cuba
Total
12
-24
-76
-337
18
126
312
336
298
247
410
729
744
Sugar subsidy b
29
-13
-22
-163
-7
123
181
198
229
-10
222
311
370
Trade financing c
-17
-11
-54
-174
25
3
131
138
69
257
188
416
374
Estimated. c Balance-of-payments financing to cover Cuban trade deficits with
b Based on Cuban trade data. Estimated as the difference between Eastern Europe. A negative amount indicates that Cuban exports
the average contract price paid by East European countries for exceeded imports. This aid is repayable, but terms are highly
Cuba's sugar and its world market value. This is not subject to concessional. Bulgaria, East Germany, and Hungary have been the
repayment. Bulgaria, Czechoslavakia, and East Germany provided largest financers.
the majority of the subsidies.
Sources: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues); Internation-
al Sugar Organization's Statistical Bulletins (various issues).
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
Table 41
Net Official Development Assistance to Cuba
From Non-Communist Sources
Total
2.3
3.7
5.6
16.1
21.0
35.7
46.1
48.7
48.8
32.0
13.7
16.5
Bilateral e
0.4
1.5
3.0
11.4
14.3
26.0
29.7
17.4
33.9
11.1
2.6
1.5
Multilateral b
1.9
2.2
2.6
4.7 .
6.7
9.7
16.4
31.3
14.9
20.9
11.1
15.0
a Major donors in recent years were Sweden and the Netherlands.
b Primarily UN agencies such as the UNDP and the FAO.
Sources: Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Develop-
ing Countries, OECD, (various issues).
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
Table 42 Thousand persons
at midyear
1965
7,810
1966
7,985
1967
8,139
1968
8,284
1970
8,543
1971
8,670
1972
8,832
1975
9,292
1976
9,423
1977
9,541
1978
9,638
1982
9,790
1983
9,858
Population decline in 1980 due to exodus of 125,000 persons from
April-September 1980.
Source: Anuario Estadistico de Cuba (various issues).
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 Approved For Release 2009/04/02 : CIA-RDP85SO0317R000100080001-1
Table 43
Civilian Employment by Economic Sector
Total
1,823
1,885
1,993
2,402
2,426 2,526
2,573
2,623
2,669
2,790
2,883
2,919
2,884
2,974
3,032
State sector
1,083
1,369
1,517
2,082
2,126 2,246
2,313
2,391
2,469
2,608
2,733
2,769
2,734
2,824
2,882
Agriculture
297
386
450
604
637 670
675
685
685
628
641
620
624
619
616
Manufacturing,
mining, and
utilities
267
303
323
440
438
453
467
472
477
564
578
580
576
607
633
Construction
104
108
118
133
154
177
183
208
243
296
319
319
273
266
261
Transportation and
communication
74
82
82
175
177
182
186
187
199
177
183
191
194
204
203
Commerce
132
216
235
168
166.
177
184
179
179
281
296
304
302
311
324
Services and
administration
209
274
309
562
554
587
618
660
686
662
716
755
765
817
845
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