THE REAGAN PRESIDENCY - A REVIEW OF THE FIRST TWO YEARS 1981-1982

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85M00364R001903620015-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 85
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 13, 2007
• Sequence Number: 15
• Publication Date: January 12, 1982
• Content Type: REPORT

A d F R I 2007/12/13 ~ CIA RDP85M0036 0019036200158 -~-"""""`
pprove or a ease - -
TF1E W lil I t F1 V U't ~~ ~ rx?cutiv? R~4istcy
CABINS LiIC s ~J~7 S~L~ 1~ ~,~ 1~~-1?RL~1V iD~
DATE: January 12 , 19 8 21VUMBER: 0 7 3 0 6 8 CA
SUBJECT: THE REAGAN PRESIDENCY:
DUE BY: c.o.b. , Friday
anua y
A Review of the First Two Years
ACTIO
FYI
ALL CABINET MEMBERS
^
Baker
Vice President ^
^
Deaver
State ^
^
Clark
Treasury ^
^
Darman (For WH Sta,Jj'ingJ
Defense ^
^
Attorney General D
^
Harper
Interior ^
^
Jenkins
Agriculture ^
^
Commerce ^ ~
^
^
^
Labor
HHS ^
^
HUD ^
^
Transportation ^
^
^
^
Energy
Education ^
^
Counsellor ^
^
OMB ^
^
CIA ^
^
.
....................................................
UN ^
^
CCCT/Gunn
USTR ^
^
.................................................................................
CEA ^
..............
^
CCEA/Porter
CCFA/Boggs
CCHRICarleson
CEQ ^
^
~,p/Uhlmann
O~ ~ ~
~
CCMA/Bledsoe
^
^
CCNRE/Boggs
REMARKS:
ACTION FYI.
Please review the attached and provide comments/edits by no later
than close of business, Friday, January 14.
RETURN TO: ~ Craig L. Fuller O Becky Norton Dunlop
Assistant to the President Director, Office of
for Cabinet Affairs Cabinet Affairs
456-2823 456-2800
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N/ASHINGTON
January 12, 1983
MEMORANDUM FOR STAFF CLEARING THE ATTAC,~iED TWO-YEAR REPORT
FROM: MICHAEL E. BAROOD
The attached report on the first two-years of the Reagan
Presidency i~s largely an edited compilation of materials
prepared by White House offices and Executive Branch depart-
ments and agencies.
In an attempt to keep the report to a reasonable length,
a certain amount of editorial selectivity had to be exer-
cised. Your clearance should focus on two areas -- the
accuracy ~of what is included, and suggested language for
any editorial changes felt necessary.
This draft being circulated does not include items II, VIII,
or IX listed in the Table of Contents.
The draft Two-Year Report is intended for publication next
Thursday, January 20, the Second Anniversary of the Presi-
dent's Inaugural. Your suggestions and comments by
close-'of-business Friday, January 14, would be appreciated.
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IZ~~~~1~I
~~ES~~~laT`~:~1
A REVIE~U OF TI-~E FIRST TWO FEARS
1981 - 1982
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I. The Reagan Record in Brief .....' ....................... 1
`'~ II. The Reagan Presidency: The First Two Years ......,.....
III. Then and Now: Two Years of Progress ...................
IV. The Office of the Vice President ......................
V. Economic Policy: A Foundation for Recovery ...........
1. The First Priority: Controlling Inflation ..........
2. The First Step: Controlling Government Growth ......
3. Building on a Foundation for Recovery ..............
4. Getting People Back to Work ........................
VI. Making Government Work ................................
1. Strengthening Government ...........................
2. Campaign Against Waste and Fraud ....................
3. Toward Permanent Management Reform ..................
4. Cabinet Government ..................................
5. Restoring a Federal Balance ........................
VII. Other Domestic Policy .................................
N,eeting Human Needs ....................................
1. Better Targeting of Services ........................
2. Health Care ........................................
3. Housing ............................................
4. Education ..........................................
5. Crime ..............................................
6. Civil Rights .......................................
7. Minorities .................... ....................
8. Women ..............................................
9. Elderly ............................................
10. Handicapped ........................................
11. Veterans ...........................................
12. Labor ..............................................
Strengthening the Private Sector
1. Private Sector Initiatives ..........................
2. Agriculture ........................................
3. Commerce and Trade .................................
4. Consumers ..........................................
5. Small Business .....................................
6. Transportation .....................................
7. Environment ........................................
8. Energy .............................................
9. Science and Technology .............................
VIII. Restoring the National Defense ........................
IX. Reasserting U.S Leadership ............................
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X. Ronald Reagan the Communicator ........................
XI. A Chronology of the First Two Years ...................
XII. Meetings with Foreign Leaders .........................
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THE REAGAN~RECORD~IN~BFIEF
President Reagan came to office convinced that the way to
solve America's problems was to build on her many basic underly-
ing strengths -- including her economic and military strength.
Perhaps the two greatest accomplishments of his first two"years
have come in laying a twin foundation for the revitalization of
both.
Foundation For Economic Recovery In Place
1. Inflation~llas been cut almost two-thirds.
== In the two years before President Reagan took office, the
consumer price index rose at a rate averaging almost 13%i
many economists predicted it would take years to moderate.
-- For the 12 months ending Novetr..ber of 1982, the inflation
rate was only 4.5%, the lowest in a decade.
2. Interest rates are down by almost half.
The prime rate peaked at 21.5% at the end of 1980. Other
short and long-term rates were also at record highs.
At the end of 1982, the prime was at 11%; FHA mortgage
rates were 12% (they peaked at 17.5% in 1981); and 90 day
Treasury bills were at 8% (their 1980 high was 15.5%).
3. Taxes~and~tax rates cut substantially.
=- Bracket creep and social security tax hikes pushed federal
payroll taxes for the average family up in 1980. In
the previous 15 years, taxes on the average family went up
fourfold.
President Reagan's 3 year program lowers tax rates 25% and
indexing will help to keep them down starting in 1985.
Even with the 1982 tax bill, Americans will pay $335 bil-
lion less through 1985 than if 1980 tax rates still stood.
4. Federal spending growth down more than half.
== Federal spending grew at a record rate of 17% in 1980.
-- Zn FY82, it was cut a third, to 11$ and in the current
FY83 it will be down by half -- to about 8%.
-- Overall, federal spending has been reduced $55 billion in
the two fiscal years completed since President Reagan took
office.
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5. Regulatory-growth-also-cut back.
-= The estimated number of manhours required to comply with
federal red-tape hit 1.5 billion in 1980.
== Regulatory relief by the Reagan Administration lowered
that number by an estimated 200 million in 1982; over 300
million in the current fiscal year 1983.
6. 1~(eeded human services bein4 maintained
-= Federal medical, nutrition and housing assistance to the
poor is 28% higher in FY83 than it was in FY80.
== Federal programs have been reformed to better target bene=
fits to the needy and end subsidies for those better off.
No more school lunch subsidies for the wealthy or student
loans for the Harvard-bound from $100,000 a year families.
7. L1:S:~more energy independent;~gasoline costs down
=- In 1982, prices fell more than 10 cents a gallon, the
biggest drop in history and the first drop in a decade.
(Decontrol critics had predicted prices would soar to
$2.00 a gallon.)
== In 1980, the U.S. imported the energy equivalent of almost
6 million barrels a day and produced domestically only
about 86% of total U.S. energy consumption.
=- In 1982, we produced 91% of total energy needs, importing.
the equivalent of just over 3 million barrels a day.
Foundation~In Place For Peace Through Strength
8. Real defense growth to reverse long trend
=- The President's budget provides for real growth in defense
spending to make up for years of neglect and his policies
call for comprehensive upgrading of strategic and conven=
tional forces -- the first such plan in 2C years.
9. Nuclear arms reductions proposed
-- A stronger defense posture has allowed the Presi~de,nt to
propose a comprehensive set of arms reductions and talks
with the Soviets have begun on U.S. proposals to:
=- cut strategic nuclear weapons by one-third;
== cut intermediate range nuclear weapons to zero;
=- cut conventional forces in Europe to mutually lower
levels.
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10. Prospects for Mid=East peace advanced
-- President Reagan's prcposals for biid-East peace, announced
on September 1, 1982 proposed a fresh start toward a
settlement of conflict there that would ensure Israel's
security and the legitimate rights of the Palestinians.
-- The year ended with historic talks ongoing between Lebanon
and Israel (with U.S. participating) on the removal of
foreign forces from Lebanon.
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THEN"AND NOW
(1980 vs. 1982)
Inflation
1979
i
Then
--
12.4%
.
n
for the year 1980; was, 13.3%
Now
--
4.5%
over 12 months ending November 1982; cut by
2/3s
under President Reagan.
Interest"Rates
Then -- the prime hit 21.5% at the end of 1980.
Now =- the prime is at 11%, down almost half in 2 years.
Then -- 90 day Treasury bills brought 15.5% interest.
Now -- interest on T-bills is 8%, also down about half.
Federal Spending Growth
Then -- growth rate was over 17% in 1980.
Now -- spending will grow by half that rate -- about 8% --
this fiscal year (FY83).
Federal Income Tax (family of four at median income of $25,000)
Then -- under old tax law, typical family would pay $2901.
Now -= lower rates cut tax to $2596 -= $305 less.
Mortgage~Rates
Then -- they were climbing; FHA on the way to 17-18% range.
.Now -= they're falling; at present 12-13%, monthly cost of
$50,000 mortgage is $200 less than at peak rates of
last year.
Housing Starts
Then -- in 3 year slump, starts down about 1/2 million.
Now -- start rate up at year-end to almost 1.5 million,
almost 1/2 million above 1981 level.
Energy~Dependence
Then -- U.S. imported the equivalent of almost 6 million
barrels per day.
Now -- Imports are down to just over 3 million.
Gasoline prices
Then -- Decontrol critics predicted $2.00 a gallon gas once
controls were lifted.
Now -- Price fell more than 10 cents a gallon in 1982;
first drop in ten years, steepest ever. Real price
lower now than just before decontrol.
Regulatory-Relief
Then -- the Federal Register averaged 7493 pages a month.
Now -- it's down a third, to under 5000 pages monthly.
Then -- paperwork took estimated 1.5 billion manhours.
Now -- regulatory relief cuts burden by over 300 million.
Military Retention Rates
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Then -- rate was 55~, and the military was losing a valua-
able pool of experienced manpower.
Now -- retention rate, at 68~, is the highest since 1964
and is evidence of overall improvement in morale.
Nuolear
Arms Reductions
Then
--
Senate
was rejecting flawed SALT II treaty.
Now
--
serious
talks with Soviets on mutual cuts, not just
limits.
-
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OFFICE OF ThE VICE PRESILENT
Throughout these first two years,, Vice President George
Bush has been a close and trusted adviser to President
Reagan. He has had a more substantial policy and administra-
tive role than any of his predecessors in the office --.just
as President Reagan promised.
The Vice President has been involved in the development
and .implementation of domestic and foreign policy as well as
directing Task Forces on Regulatory Relief, Drugs and Crime
in South Florida, and investigating the deaths of 28 children
in Atlanta, Georgia. The President alsc named the Vice
President hairman of the vital Special Situation Group to
monitor crises and other international issues. Vice
President Bush has travelled extensively on behalf of
Republican candidates and Party organizations during the
mid=term elections.
Foreign~Pol:icy~And National Security Affairs
Aside from his full participation in the National Secu-
city Council system and private meetings with the President
and other Administration officials, a few facts will illus-
trate the extent of his activities in this area: He has
visited 28 foreign countries and three U.S. overseas posses=
sions and has met with more than 320 ranking foreign leaders
in the United States and abroad.
The Vice President was in charge of U.S. preparations
for the important Ottawa Economic Summit in 1981. During an
extended trip to Asia, the Vice President met with Chinese
leadership and played a substantial role in achieving agree-
ment on the August 17 Communique dealing with arms sales to
Taiwan. His trips to South America set the stage for Presi-
dent Reagan's travels in December 1982 and helped underscore
the Administration's commitment to strengthening democracy in
the Hemisphere and emphasizing U.S. co~ranitment to economic
development through the Caribbean Basin Initiative. The Vice
President's trip to Africa was crucial in explaining Adminis-
tration efforts for Namibian independence and policies toward
the continent as a whole.
The Vice President has acted as the President's repro-
sentative on a number of important ceremonial occasions. Of=
ten these go beyond ceremony. During his trip to Moscow for
example, for President Brezhnev's funeral, the Vice President
met with General Secretary Andropov in a frank beginning of
the Administration's relationship with the new Soviet
leadership.
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In December, 1981, when martial law was declared in
Poland, the Vice President was made head of the Special Sit=
uation Group to monitor the crisis and coordinate information
traffic to and from all relevant go~ternm?ent agencies.
The~SoutYi?Florida Task~Force
On January 28, 1982, President Reagan asked Vice Presi-
dent Bush to chair the newly created Cabinet-level South
Florida Task Force to address the rampant crime and epidemic
smuggling that was terrorizing the once tranquil area of
South Florida. He noted that South Florida has become "the
Nation's major terminal for smuggling of illegal drugs into
the United States", and that "the Federal Government has a
special responsibility to fill in temporarily and do what it
can to reduce and, it is hoped, to eliminate these problems."
The .Task Force program increased the number of jails,
ccurt rooms, judges and prosecutors, increased the presence
of the Drug Enforcement Agency, the FBI, Customs, Immigra-
tion, Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Division and the Internal
Revenue Service. Zt stepped up offshore surveillance, and
intensified cooperation with source countries Bolivia, Colom=
bia, Peru and with the Bahamas. It cracked down on banks
involved with the laundering of drug money.
The Task Force operation has significantly reduced smug=
gling of narcotics and other controlled substances into South
Florida and has disrupted trafficking patterns and strate-
gies. A survey for the first ten months of the program dis=
closed in 1,826 arrests, the seizure of over 2,000,000 pounds
of marijuana and 6,000 pounds of cocaine as well as numerous
other illegal drugs and firearms.
Domestic-Policy
In February, 1981, the President announced the estab-
lishment of a task force, with the Vice President as Chairman
to coordinate federal efforts and assist local authorities in
the investigation of 28 murdered and missing children in
Atlanta, Georgia. The Task Force, through federal agency
contributions, raised over $4 million to increase the commu=
nity's mental health, crime prevention and investigative
capabilities. Additionally, the Task Force provided consid-
erable technical and programmatic assistance to support the
investigation.
On September 15, 1981, tY~e President signed an Executive
Order to strengthen historically Black colleges and univer-
sities through development of entrepreneurial partnerships
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with the private sector. At the President's request, Vice
President Bush is playing a significant role in the imple-
mentation of the Executive Order. This ongoing effort has
already seen an increase in federal ,funding to the institu=
tions (in a time of declining Federal resources) and the
planning of joint college/corporate activities.
Task-Force on Regulatory Relief
Shortly after taking office, the President named the
Vice President Chairman of the Administration's Task Force on
Regulatory Relief, which oversees the implementation of the
third major leg of the Economic Recovery Program (following
tax and spending reductions). This Task Force took the lead
in developing Executive Order 12291, which the President
signed on February 17. It provides for central activities
under the supervision of the Task Force.
The Presidential Task Force on Regulatory Relief chaired
by the Vice President, continued and expanded its activities
during 1982. To date, the Task Force has designated 119
regulations for agency review. Final action has been com=
pleted on approximately one-half of these regulations, while
reviews are in advanced stages of consideration with respect
to more than half of the remaining targeted regulations.
Aggregate savings over the next decade as a result of the
regulatory changes which have been completed amount to over
$70 billion, with savings of roughly $10 billion in one=time
investment costs and another $6 billion in annual recurring
cost savings. Additional unquantified but substantial sav=.
ings have resulted from a sharp reduction in the issuance of
new regulations since the beginning of the Administration,
due in part to review procedures and standards applied by
the Task Force.
Under the Vice President's leadership the Task Force
also has begun to develop proposals for legislation in a
number of substantive areas where broader efforts should be
made to reduce the government's intrusion into the private
economy, alleviate needless paperwork burdens or reconcile
conflicting legislation or regulatory policies.
One example of such an effort is the Task Group on
Regulation of Financial Services, which is chaired by the
Vice President and includes top Administration policy makers
and the heads of all federal agencies with regulatory respon=
sibilities for financial institutions. The Task Group, which
is unprecedented in composition, will recommend legislation
during 1983 to reduce overlapping and inconsistent regulatory
activities affecting all types of financial servies. Other
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legislation dealing with environmental law, transportation,
regulatory procedures, energy and telecommunications has been
reviewed by the Task Force and may be pursued further during
1983.
Political-Activities _
The Vice President traveled more extensively on behalf
of Republican candidates and in support of the Republican
Party than any Vice President in history. Over the past two
years, he has travelled to 46 states, attended 189 political
events and raised over $28.8 million on behalf of Republican
candidates and the Republican Party.
In general, Vice President Bush's day to day responsi=
bilities include attending high level meetings on both
foreign and domestic issues with the President as well as
working with members of the House and Senate. As the
President of the Senate, Vice President Bush has worked
diligently as an advocate of President Reagan's policies in
the Congress and has played a key role in assisting the
President to obtain Congressional support for major foreign
and domestic legislation. Overall, Vice President Bush has
logged more than 314,000 miles since becoming Vice President.
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ECONCI~SIC -POLICY
When President Reagan took office in January of 1981,
the nation's troubled economy suffered from problems that
were seemingly out of control. For decades, tax and spend,
borrow and regulate, had been the prevailing themes of feder=
al fiscal policy and had provided the means for financing an
ever=expanding role for the federal government. By the late
1970s, the legacy of past policy excesses -- quite literally
-- had become painfully clear.
== Inflation was soaring. In double-digits for 2 consecutive
years, it was viewed by many economists as a structural
problem that was built into the economy and would take
most of the 1980s to bring back under control.
== Federal spending was growing at record rates. In 1980, it
grew at a peace-time high of over 17 percent and seemed,
to almost all observers, to be out of control.
Taxes were skyrocketing. In the previous 15 years the tax
burden had quadrupled -- and it was slated nearly to
double in just the next five, unless changes were made.
== Interest rates were higher than ever since the Civil War.
The prime peaked at 21.5 just before the Inaugural.
=- Economic growth had virtually halted at the start
of
1979
and restarting it was the prime goal of policies
place during President Reagan's first two years.
put
into
== Regulations issued by the federal government had become~a
$100 billion a year burden on business -- requiring 1.5
billion manhours a year for paper-work complianc"e and fur-
they stifling job-creating growth.
== All of these problems combined to fix unemployment at per-
sistently high rates. Tragically, but predictably, it
soared in the early 80s -- in the aftermath of surges in
inflation -- just as it had done twice before in the 70s.
The"First~Priority -- Getting Inflation Under Control
In 1980, the American people agreed overwhelmingly that
inflation was the nation's number one problem and it had to
be solved.
N?any experts thought it would take years to do so. The
problem had been building since the late 60s (prices more
than doubled in the 70s). Inflation was hurting individuals
and their families, and it was stifling the economy.
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By 1982, inflation rates had been more than cut in half
and, throughout that year, they continued to moderate. The
consumer price index for the 12 months ending in November
1982 rose only 4.5 percent -- the lowest inflation rate in a
decade.
== For~American~farr.ilies, lower inflation meant higher pun=
chasing power. A median income
family
in 1982 (earning
about $24,000) was about
$1,500
better
off than if infla-
tion had stayed at 1980
rates.
(Lower
taxes added to this
advantage.)
For-t2ie economy, more stable prices meant that interest
rates -- the biggest single obstacle to recovery -- could
start coming down. After dropping gradually the first 18
months, they began to fall more rapidly in the summer of
1982 as confidence increased that government restraint and
lower inflation might be here to stay.
For~the~Federal government, lower inflation was a mix of
good news and bad news. Costs for some inflation adjust-
ed programs were held down but the unprecedented drop in
inflation -- exceeding even the Administration's forecasts
and expectations -- also meant slower revenue growth. So
the unprecedented progress against inflation, ironically,
contributed to the deficit.
The~First~Step~== Getting Government Under Control
At his inaugural, President Reagan became chief execu=
tive of a government growing at such a rate that spending was
slated to surge 50~ and taxes virtually double in the next
five years. The budget he inherited for fiscal 1981 proposed
to consume 21.4$ of the Gross National Product in revenues
collected, and to spend an even larger 23$ of GNP. And these
percentages would stay far too high far into the future, un-
unless changes were made.
In 1981, President Reagan proposed a comprehensive plan
for reducing the growth of spending and for reducing tax
rates to begin reining in the government's appetite. While
Congress did not give the President all he asked, in June of
1981 he enjoyed one in a series of historic legislative vic-
tories by obtaining passage of the Omnibus Budget Reconcilia-
tion Act -- Gramm-Latta II -- which cut spending for fiscal
1982 by $35 billion. The next month, on July 29th, Congress
sent the President the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981,
authorizing a 3 year, 25~ reduction in individual tax rates,
a subsequent indexing of income tax rates, accelerated cost
recovery for business and various other tax cuts and reforms
for individuals and business.
By Fall of 1981, much though not all of the President's
program for economic recovery had become law: the spending
and~tax reducesions would begin with the start of the new
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fiscal year on October 1st.
One major tax bill was enacted in 1982, the Tax Equity
and Fiscal Responsibility Act, which enjoyed the President's
support. It was signed into law on This bill
improved the fairness of the tax system by eliminating
abuses, stepping up tax enforcement and collection activities
and doing away with some out-dated tax incentives. Part of a
package of tax reforms and spending reductions, the bill in-
creased receipts by $98 billion through 1985. It left undis-
turbed the individual rate cuts, and most of the business in=
centives in the 1981 tax law -- and even with its enactment
America's tax bill will be $335 less through 1985 than it
would have been at 1980 tax rates.
The 1981 tax bill had pared some of the cuts requested
by President Reagan and added certain additional tax reduc-
tions he had not requested or had planned to hold for a
second tax bill. The net result was a total tax reduction
somewhat larger than the President sought. The 1982 tax bill
restored some of this revenue and President Reagan supported
it as called for in the 1982 Congressional Budget Resolution
which promised to combine higher revenues with lower outlays
in an overall deficit reduction of $380 billion through FY85.
Maintaining spending discipline, however, proved less
easy for Congress than increasing revenues. The President
employed the veto when necessary to keep spending in line.
He rejected a supplemental appropriations bill in August that
exceeded his request by $ billion and contained an addi=
tional $3 billion provision to bail-out the housing Indus=
try. (The President argued the bail-out was unnecessary and
the surge in housing activity within the next 6 months bore
out his position).
As the Fall election neared and Congress prepared to
adjourn for the final weeks of the campaign without complet-
ing the regular appropriations process (only 3 of 13 bills
had been finally passed) the President called for a special
"lame=duck" session. It convened at the end of November and
did succeed in working with the President to complete the
full=year appropriations process for the first time since
1979 and to do so at spending levels consistent with the
Budget Resolution. (Congress did not finish the FY83 budget
until almost 3 months of the new fiscal year had passed and
it took a veto threat by the President to head off last-
minute efforts by Congress to add as much as $5 billion in
pork=barrel spending to the budget.)
Throughout the first two years, not surprisingly to the
President, his economic recovery program would be criticized
and attacked -- but despite efforts to undermine and revise
it during 1982, at year's end the program remained intact.
The federal government had spent $55 billion less and taken $
billion less in taxes as a result.
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Starting~To~Build On The Foundation For Recovery
As 1982 drew to a close, the President's program had
been in operation just over a year but evidence was mounting
that a long-sick economy was on the mend.. Working Americans
were better off, and the conditions which had brought job
creating growth to halt for more than four years were being
corrected. -
Interest rates fell dramatically in the last half of 1982.
The prime fell 4 full points, government mortgage rates
ended the year 5 1/2 points lower than the year before and
many short term rates were down by half or more.
Housing starts, sales and permits surged as a result (the
November 1982 start rate was 2/3s higher than the November
1981 rate) as millions more Americans were able again to
afford a home of their own -- and a bedrock American in-
dustry began to emerge from a four year slump.
Auto sales brightened too, at year's end with car loan
rates under 12%, their lowest in years. Sales edged
up in late Fall and surged to in December, the
industry's best performance in years.
Purchasing power for America's working families improved
as Lower taxes let them keep more of what they earned and
Lower inflation made their earnings worth more. In fact,
a typical family (at $24,000 median income) had about
$2000 more purchasing power than it would have if 1980 tax
and inflation rates had stayed in place.
As the second year of the Reagan presidency came to an
end, there were other strong indications his program was
working, making real progress toward a more promising future
for all:
== Personal savings were up, with the savings rate a full
point and a half higher than in 1980;
== Personal income was rising -- even after inflation it was
up 1.4~ over these two years -- reversing a declining
of the previous two years;
== Retail sales ended 1982 6% higher than in 1981;
-= Leading economic indicators index was up in 7 of the last
8 months of 1982 -- a strong sign of coming recovery;
== The stock market rebounded; the Dow-Jones average setting
a record in late 1982 and investors started the new year
showing renewed confidence about the economic future.
4Jith taxes, spending growth, inflation and interest
rates being brought under control, the most important and ur-
gent remaining priority was unemployment. Always, in recent
years, inflationary surges had been followed by jumps in un-
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employment. The lack of economic growth dating to the start
of 1979 only worsened the problem and -~ tragically, though
almost inevitably -- the jobless rate rose.
The~Most Urgent Priority---Getting People Eack to Work
By the 1980s, the post-war relationship between high
inflation and high unemployment had been well established by
experience. Three inflationary surges in the '70s had been
followed, predictably, by periods of rising unemployment.
The latest unemployment surge, to double-digits in 1982, like
:.the two previous increases in the '70s, started within months
after inflation peaked. The high unemployment of 1982 was as
predictable as it was avoidable -- if only earlier policy had
kept inflation in check instead of allowing it to rise to
double=digits in 1979-80.
President Reagan is determined to keep inflation down as
the only way to get unemployment down to stay. In the past,
public policy re=inflated the economy just as unemployment
started to improve, stalling the decline in the jobless rate
and eventually starting it back up. Despite claims made for
economic stimulus and federal "jobs" programs, real growth in
a non-inflationary environment remains the only proven route
to full employment.
The year 1982 ended with President Reagan committed as
ever to a real and lasting solution. When the lame-duck ses-
sion of Congress considered a multi-billion "jobs" program
and seemed on the verge of its final passage, President
Reagan labelled it "pork-barrel" and threatened a veto. Add-
ing as much as $5 billion or more to the deficit for a pro-
gram that couldn't create the 300,000 jobs proponents claimed
and wouldn't spend some of the money for jobs it would create
until 1985 was no solution, the President argued. The higher
deficit, he suggested, would only add to the economy's
troubles.
In contrast, throughout 1982, President Reagan pursued
his general plans for economic recovery and, as opportunities
arose, he supported and pushed for additional legislation
that could ease joblessness or the plight of the unemployed:
Twice during 1982, unemployment insurance benefits were
extended. By the end of the year, people out of work in
the hardest hit states were eligible for up to 55 weeks of
benefits;
The failed CETA program was replaced with the Job Training
Partnership Act to train more than 1 million people a year
in skills needed in a changing private sector jobs market;
The President's Export Trading Company legislation -- ex=
pected to help create over 300,000 jobs -- became law in
the Fall of 1982;
The Administration's highway repair initiative, passed in
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the lame-duck session, would begin creating jobs in 19Q3,
with the total expected to exceed 300,000.
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"It is not my intention to do away with gcvernment. It is
rather to make it work -- work with us, not over us; to stand
by cur side, not ride cur back,"
Ronald Reagan
Inaugural Address
January 20, 1981
By 1980, the explosive post-World War ZI growth of the
Federal government had taken a devastating toll on the P.meri-
can system of government and on the American way of life. As
the government grew, it became more bureaucratic, distant,
and unresponsive. Waste, fraud, and plain mismanagement be-
came increasingly common while even the simplest transaction
with a Federal agency could be a source of confusion and
frustration for many of cur citizens. As the Federal gov-
ernment grew, it came to overshadow other institutions from
State governments and local communities to private organiza-
tions and voluntary groups, to churches and even the family.
Ronald Reagan assumed office committed to making govern-
ment work; to reducing its size; and to correcting the prob-
problems brought on by its uncontrolled growth. Despite the
skeptics, the President was firm in his conviction. He
assembled a team of men and women. who shared his belief in
the vital importance of the task. "We must remove the
government's smothering hand from where it does farm", the
President said early in 1981, and "we must seek to revi-
talize the proper functions of government."
1. Streamlining Government
Slowly but surely, the President is proving that less
government can lead to better government. A prime example is
the elimination of the ineffective CETP. program and its re-
placement with a more efficient, less costly program -- the
Jeb Training Partnership Act of 1982.
Gperating as a program of block grants to the States,
the JTPA will spend 70 cents of every dollar on actual train-
ing (contrasted with 18 cents under the predecessor CETA pro-
gram). In addition, unlike CETA, the President's program
will place participants in skilled, private sector slots --
not dead end make-work public sector slots.
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`-Then the Fresident took office, Federal regulations were
costing Americans upwards of $100 billion a year. There were
100,000 pages of Federal regulations on the books and Rsneri-
cans were spending an estimated 1.5 billion hours each year
filling cut forms and providing information to Washington.
Simple tasks were quickly becoming administrative nightmares.
Under Ronald Reagan this is being reversed. One ~of the
President's first acts upon taking office was the creation,
on January 22, 1981, of the Task Force on Regulatory Relief,
chaired by Vice President Bush. Working closely with the
Office of Management and Budget, the President's Task Force
has made significant inroads in reducing government red-tape.
During the first 22 months of the Reagan Administration,
pages in the Federal Register were down 34$, proposed rules
were down 33~, and final rules were down 21$.
During the same period, the paperwork burden imposed on
Americans by the Federal government was reduced by 200
million manhours, with current projection for 1983 indicating
an additional 127 million manhour reduction. Adoption of a
common claim form for use by Medicare, Medicaid, and third
party papers, for instance, has saved 10 million manhours,
while simplification of the Internal Revenue Service's Form
1C40 will save 31 million manhours.
Under President Reagan, Federal employment has been cut
for two consecutive years -- the first time this has been
done since World War II -- and only the fourth time since
then that Federal employment has actually dropped.
The President's first official action after being sworn
in was aimed at getting control over the growth of the Fed-
eral workforce. On January 20, 1981, President Reagan signed .
an Executive Order freezing all Federal civilian hiring until
such time as a full assessment of Federal personnel needs
could be made. That assessment came in his March 10, 1982
budget revision which called for permanent reductions of
33,000 in fiscal 1982 alone. Later that year, on September
24, the President proposed an additional 75,000 reduction in
civilian non-defense personnel through fiscal 1984.
Administration statistics now show that by the end of
fiscal 1982, non-defense and non-postal Executive branch
employment was reduced by 66,872 full-time equivalent employ-
ees or 89.3$ of the President's 1984 goal.
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Executive Branch
,_~-Fe3e~ra1-I~on-=Defense/Non-Postal Civilian ~ Permanent Em to mint
Total Full-Time Equivalent Slots
_` _ - ~.
FY'81 (actual) FY'82--(-actual) .--rifference
\__
1,162,000 1,095,128 ~ 66,872
In addition, while major progress has been made on
personnel reductions, 90~ of the reductions have been trirough
attrition.
2. The?Campaign Against Waste and Fraud
President Reagan came to office promising a hard=hitting
no=nonsense campaign against waste and fraud in programs of
the Federal government. After two`~j~ears in office, the
President has made significant progress toward fulfilling his
commitment "to follow every lead, root out every incompetent
and prosecute every crook that we found cheating the people i
of this Nation."
To carry out this commitment, the President created the
Council on Integrity and Efficiency in March of 1981. The
Council, chaired by the Deputy Director of the Office of Man-
agement and Budget and comprised~of the Inspectors General
from 18 major Departments and agencies, the Deputy Attorney
General, the Director of the Office of Personnel Phanagement
and the Assistant Director of the FBI's Criminal Investiga-.
tions Division, provides the wherewithal to do a job long~ir.
need of doing. ~ _
Through the various Inspectors General, the Council is
covering every aspect of government activity. Since its
creation the Council has been responsible for:
-- 34,621 separate investigations
-- 3,869 indictments
-- 2,967 convictions
-- $16.9 billion in savings and recoveries
-= 574 Federal employees fired
Under the Reagan Administration, the Federal government
for the first time in history, has a comprehensive program to
assess and track down waste and fraud. Prior to the. Reagan
Presidency no one really knew how extensive the problems were
or how best to correct them:. This is now changing. Beyond
rooting out waste and fraud, the Council is also prescribing
methods of stopping it. One method already in effect is the
use of computer matching of government grogram beneficiaries.
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Since this practice was begun, over $4.7 million in overpay-
ments has been prevented.
Audit~Follow=Up: The Administration has implemented a highly
successful program to promptly resolve and implement audit
recommendations of the Inspectors General and the General
Accounting Office. The result is fighter control over
Federal spending and tougher policing of government accounts.
By the end of 1982, the value of unresolved audits over six
months old had been reduced to $136 million, compared to
unresolved audits over 12 months old of $1.5 billion in
January 1981.
Improved Internal Control: Agencies are working to implement
the ONB Circular requiring the installation of strong systems
of internal control to further inhibit fraud, waste and
abuse. In addition, agencies are participating in an Advi-
sory Council to establish guidelines in accordance with the
Federal Managers Financial Integrity Act cf 1982.
Cash Management: All major agencies have designated senior
Cash Management Officers and have submitted plans for improv-
ing their cash management practices by:
=- Speeding up deposits into the U.S. Treasury.
-- Controlling timing of payments so they're neither
early nor late.
-= Eliminating excess balances held outside the
Treasury.
Debt-Collection: Approximately $260 billion is currently
owed to the Federal Government and over $40 billion of this
amount is delinquent or in default.
-- In April 1981, President Reagan ordered all agency heads
to institute more effective debt collection and ordered
the U.S. Attorney's Offices in the Justice Department to
actively pursue collections from individuals referred by
agencies.
-- Special efforts by the Administration have resulted in at
least $2.1 billion in additional collections in 1982 than
otherwise would have been collected. Additionally,
Administration debt collection efforts yielded $3.7
billion in fiscal 1981 and $46.6 billion in fiscal 1982.
-- The Administration also proposed, and Congress passed,
comprehensive debt collection legislation aimed at revo-
lutionizing Federal credit management and debt collection
practices.
Publications Review: PJasteful expenditures on government
publications and audiovisual materials become an obvious tar-
get for elimination and economies. A presidential directive
issued in April 1981 has resulted in:
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-- termination or consolidation of 2,000 publications or
one out of every six published in 1980;
-- reduction of publication costs by 23$ in FY 82 over
FY81.
3. Toward Permanent Aanagement Reform
Complementing the President's campaign against waste and
fraud are his efforts to bring improved management and admin-
istrative techniques to the the Federal government. The ef-
'?forts of the President's Council on Integrity and Efficiency
and the work of a Inspectors General, put in perspective for
the first time how serious the problems of mismanagement
within the government have become. T1^.eir work has gone a
long way in policing the government and in providing recom=
mendations for corrective action. In addition to the Coun=
oil, the President has undertaken other, closely related
efforts to ensure that needed corrections are not only iden=
tified, but implemented.
Reform?8E: Launched on September 22, 1982, Reform 88 is a
long-term project to affect permanent improvements in the
management and administrative systems of the Federal
government. The Reform 88 group is comprised of a staff
project office within the Office of N,anagement and Eudget, a
Steering Committee composed of all departmental Assistant
Secretaries for Management, and the Inspectors General. It
is both overeen and represented at the Cabinet level by the
newly formed Cabinet Council on Management and Administration
chaired by Presidential Counsellor Edwin Meese III. Reform
88, for the first time, provides the Executive Branch with a
comprehensive and coordinated program to bring about needed
changes.
Already Reform 88 has implemented short term improve-
ments projected to save the taxpayers $13.7 billion in 1983
alone. Other Reform 88 accomplishments include:
-- A review of OMB regulations which resulted in a 25$
reduction in budget guidelines in time for the 1984
budget cycle, with another 15-25$ reduction in CI~?iB
management regulations anticipated.
-=
A review of procurement regulations is expected to
in the elimination of 8,000 out of 20,000 pages of
mary regulations and the elimination of 50$ of?the
than 60,000 pages of seconc+ary regulations.
result
pri-
more
--
Comprehensive study of major administrative systems with-
in departments has identified~677 different systems. The
Reform 88 goal is to install model, compatible management
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systems, government-wide.
President's Private Sector Survey on Cost Control:
Announced by the President on February 18, 1982 the PP~SCC
represents both another step in the President's efforts to
end mismanagement and his commitment to reach outside
government to seek expertise, advice and answers to some of
the nation's problems. The Survey is chaired by J. Peter
Grace and comprised of experts and staff from the private
sector. Each member has a distinguished record in business
and management. The Survey is also financed entirely by the
private sector at a cost to the government not expected to
exceed $100,000.
Patterned after the President's highly successful
efforts while Governor of California, the survey will bring
objective, third party assessments of the workings of all
major Federal departments and agencies. The President's
mandate to the group was to "roll up their sleeves and search
out waste and inefficiency wherever it's to be found in the
Federal establishment."
The Survey, which was organized into 36 task forces,
will report directly to the President. Its final report is
due in early 1983. Indeed, its work has already had a posi-
tive impact on the workings of government. A recent General
Accounting Office report to Congress said of the Survey:
"Most agency conctacts viewed the task forces as positive
attempts to identify cost savings ... Many said that (the)
task force's presence forced them to improve operations ..."
It will be the responsibility of the new Cabinet Ccuncil on
Management and Administration to act on its findings and im-
plement its recommendations.
4. Cabinet~Government
Under President Reagan, Cabinet government has become a
working reality. The President was determined to use his
Cabinet Officers not just as department managers but as a
consultative body. To that end, on February 26, 1981, the
President formally constituted the Cabinet Council system
with the creation of the first five Cabinet Councils. They
are:
-- The Cabinet Council on Economic Affairs, chaired by the
Secretary of the Treasury;
-- The Cabinet Council on Commerce and Trade, chaired by the
Secretary of Commerce;
-- The Cabinet Council on Human Resources, chaired by the
Secretary of Health and Human Services;
-- The Cabinet Council on Food and Agriculture, chaired by
the Secretary of Agriculture; and,
-- The Cabinet Council on Natural Pesources and the Environ-
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ment., chaired by the. Secretary of the Interior.
Suring 1982, two additional Cabinet Councils were esta-
blished:
-- The Cabinet Council on Legal Policy, established on
January 29, 19II2, chaired by Attorney General William
French Smith; and,
-- The Cabinet Council on Management and Administration,
established on September 22, 1982, and chaired by
Presidential Counsellor Edwin Meese III.
Each meeting of the Cabinet Councils provides an oppor=
tunity to discuss policies, allows for inter-departmental
discussion and coordination, and affords a basis for making
recommendations to the President.
There were also two pre-existing Cabinet level groups =-
the National Security Council and the Trade Policy Committee.
Recommendations from these Cabiner groups flow into the deci-
Sion making process of the White House Office and facilitate
the President's ability to manage information, make decisions
and govern.
Over the course of the first two years the Cabinet Coun-
cils have met a total of times, times with the President
in attendance. Also, the full Cabinet has held 56 meetings,
50 of them with the President.
5. Restoring a Federal Ealance
Of all the sectors of American life that suffered from
the excessive growth of the Federal government, perhaps none
lost more than State and local governments. Federal programs
and Federal regulations continually reduced the roles and re-
sponsibilities of the states and localities. Often, Federal
programs bypassed the States entirely, making localities more
dependent upon Washington than their own State Capitals. As
power shifted to Washington, local voices, concerns, and
needs were lost in a maze of national programs and prcgram
requirements. Federal programs were often inflexible, pocrly
serving local needs, while paper work and reporting back to
Washington consumed more and more State and local manhours
and dollars.
President Reagan came to office convinced cf the need to
reverse these trends and to view the States once again as
political partners -- not merely as agents of the Federal
government and implementors of policy made in Washington.
"It is my intention", President Reagan stated during his
Inaugural Address, "to curb the size and influence of the
Federal establishment and to demand recognition of the dis-
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tlneLlon DeLween Lne F:c~weLS yLdiiLCU Lv ~ciC rCUCLdl government
and those reserved to the States or to the people. All of us
need to be reminded that the Federal government did not cre-
ate the States; the States created the Federal government."
Early in his Administration, President Reagan began
efforts to fulfill his commitment to federalism and insure
that State and local governments regain greater flexibility
and independence from Washington.
It is well worth remembering that three of tie four key
components of the President's Economic Recovery Package --
budget cuts, regulatory relief, and tax cuts -= reflect the
President's federalism perspective.
The budget cuts reflect a reordering of budgetary
priorities so that the national budget is addressed at
truly national needs.
The regulatory relief effort, has made great strides in
reducing the regulatory manacles which bind the hands
of State and local officials.
Tax cuts provide a greater tax base for State and local
governments by reducing oppressive levels of federal
taxation.
B1ock~Grants: On October 1, 1981 -- the beginning of Fiscal
Year 1982 -- the nine new block grants enacted as part of the
Economic Recovery Program of 1981 became effective. These
consolidated 57 narrow and restrictive categorical grant
programs into broader programmatic areas. The result was
greater flexibility for State and local officials to target
funds to specific needs most urgent in their locales. Block
grants also provide for greater accountability because
decisions are made by officials closer to the people. At the
same time they save in administrative overhead and allow for .
more innovation. A major result of the new block grants was
the reduction of 318 pages of Federal regulations to only 6
pages. The new block grants consolidated programs of:
o Maternal and child health care
o Preventive health and health services
o Alcohol, drug abuse and mental health services
o Primary care
o Social services
o Low=income home energy assistance
o Community services
== The White House Office of Intergcvernmental Affairs anc7
the Office of Management and Budget, iri cooperation with
appropriate Departments, held a series of regional
briefings as part of a major effort to assure a smooth
transition to, and effective implementation of, these
block grants.
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Several additional block grants were proposed by the
President in 1982, and a Job Training Block Grant was
signed into law on October 13, 1982 replacing the
Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA), which
expired on September 30, 1982. '
Regulatory Relief: One high priority of the President's
overall regulatory relief efforts was to examine Federal
regulations that impact on State and local governments. Of
the 119 regulatory reviews completed by the President's Task
'Force by Summer 1982, 35 were related to State and local
governments.
=- The President also signed Executive Order 12372 which
allows States and localities to identify program
regulations in need of review. 4v`herever possible,
Federal agencies are required to comply with the
requests.
Federalism Initiative: With the announcement of the Presi-
dent's Federalism Initiative in his January 1982, State of
the Union Message, federalism was moved to the forefront of
public debate. This reversed a fifty year trend in which the
relentless gravitation of power to Washington was accepted as
practically inevitable and irreversible.
The President characterised his 1982 Federalism
Initiative as a conceptual framework, and said that
legislation would only be sent to the Congress after
thorough consultation with State and local officials.
Throughout the year, the President and White House staff
met with development teams representing the nation's
governors, state legislators, county, city, and township
officials to fashion a federalism program which would
have broad-based support by elected officials at all
levels of government. As a result of that yearlong
consultative effort, legislation will be submitted to
Congress in early 1983 to achieve a permanent sorting out
of responsibilities.
An-Ongoing Effort To P.dvance Federalism: The Presidential
Advisory Committee on Federalism was established in April,
1981. It consists of Cabinet members, Federal, State and
local officials, as well as private citizens. The Committee
advises the President on objectives and conduct of the
overall federalism approach.
== Fcr the first time in many years, the Executive Branch
participated actively in the Advisory Commission on
Intergovernmental Relations (ACIR).
-- Each Cabinet member and agency head designated a senior
departmental official to handle intergovernmental affairs
in each department or agency. These individuals consult
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with State and local officials and monitor programs to
assure their positive effect on the State and local
sector.
-- President Reagan himself has pursued an active outreach
effort meeting with numerous State and local officials
both in the 4v-hite House and across the country. During
his first two years, the President has also addressed the
National conference of State Legislators, the National
League of Cities, the National Association of Counties,
the National League of Cities and four joint sessions of
State legislatures.
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ccMESTzc-PCLIC~
Meeting Human Needs
Strengthening the Private Sector
President Reagan's objective has teen to restrain the
growth of government in order to restore growth in the
private sector. The challenge has been to do it in a way
that continues services to those who need them, cuts them off
for those who don't, and improves efficiency throughout
government so that all Americans, taxpayers and program
beneficiaries alike, get maximum value from the money spent
by government.
Two years is too short a time to fully acYiieve that goal
-= but it's been long enough to make progress and to prove
the goal is a realistic one:
o Needed human services are being maintained;
o Niany programs which once aided the non-needy -- some
subsidized middle and higher income Americans -- have been
reformed;
o Pillions have been saved through a war on waste, fraud and
abuse of federal programs; and
o Mountains of regulatory red-tape have been moved out of
the way of state and local governments and of business.
Meeting Human Needs
o Federal medical, nutrition and Housing assistance to the
poor is 28~ higher in fiscal 1983 than it was in fiscal
1980.
o In fiscal 1983 , spending by the LeF?artment of F;YS? alone
will be 36$ of the total budget and HHS will spend $50
billion more than the Pentagon. Total social spending
under President Reagan's budget plans for the next five
years will approach $2 trillion.
o Total human needs spending in 1983 by the federal govern-
ment will fund such services as the following:
95 million meals per day, about 1-in-7 of all meals
served;
medical assistance for 99~ of the nation's elderly;
housing assistance for more than 10 million Americans;
food stamps for more than 17 million low-income people;
higher education assistance for almost 6 million
students;
unemployment compensation for 5-6 million job-seekers;
job training for 1 million young and poor people.
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1. better~Targeted~Prcgrams~for~the~IGeedy
Before a joint session of Congress shortly after he took
office, President Reagan emphasized his commitment to the
nation's needy: "Yde will continue to fulfill the obligations
that spring from our national conscience. Those who, through
no fault of their own, must depend on the rest of us...can
rest assured...."
President Reagan's policies reflect that commitment.
However, when he took office, he was faced with t2ie challenge
of controlling escalating costs while continuing tc prcvide
aid to those in true need. Without action, the problem would
only get worse and costs continue to rise beyond the budget's
ability to meet them. In 1981, the year President Reagan
took office, entitlements spending comprised about 48 per-
cent, nearly half, of all federal spending. In the last
decade alone, food stamp outlays had risen more than 1800
percent and housing assistance outlays more than 1300
percent.
Under President Reagan, social service spending has
continued to increase, but the rate of increase is being
brought under control:
The fiscal 1982 budget provided $11.3 billion in food
assistance to almost 21 million low-income persons at an
average household benefit of $103 per month.
All told, about 95 million meals are subsidized by the
federal government each day -- nearly 15 percent of all
meals served in the U.S. Those eligible: families of four
earning under $12,000 yearly can receive food stamps; those
earning under $17,400 can receive reduced price school '
lunches and are also eligible for the Special Supl:lemental~
Food Program for Women, Infants and Children.
As of December 10, 143 million pounds of cheese and over 12
million pounds of butter had been distributed through the
Reagan-initiated surplus dairy distribution program. The
program has been extended through December 1983.
N:HS spending on its social programs increased $24.1 billion'
in 1982 with cash and medical assistance for the poor up
$80G million. In 1983, HHS spending will be over 36 percent
of the federal budget.
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President Reagar. came into office committed to maintaining
needed government services for people who had nowhere to turn
but tc government for help. He was equally committed to his
belief that these services could be provided better and more
efficiently. And he believed the skyrocketing costs of
providing them could be restrained.
The President's ccmmitment to maintaining needed services at
lower future costs required that programs to provide them be
managed better and, in many cases, that eligibility formula
`'for distributing them be better targeted. Too many federal
benefit dollars were going to the non-needy through fraud and
waste; too many more were going, quite legally, to middle and
even upFer-income Americans because eligibility was too
broadly drawn. 8500 Social Security checks a month to the
deceased, student loan subsidies to $100,G00 a year families,
school lunch subsidies for the affluent -- these and other
examples flew in the face of Congressional intent and ex-
ceeded the bounds of the American people's generosity. In
the President's view, they had to be changed.
President Reagan feels strongly that every benefit dollar
wasted or sent to the non-needy, the greedy or those eligible
just because the formulae are too loosely drawn is a dollar
not available to the needy in benefits.
To avoid this, major changes in the laws governing program
eligibility have been worked out with Congress. tiany abuses
are now a thing of the past. More remains to be done, but
progress has been made in ending many middle and upper class
subsidies. For example:
Student loan eligibility for Harvard-bound students from
$100,000 a year families has been eliminated.
o School lunch subsidies have been retargeted so that almost
all funding now goes to children from families earning
130 of the poverty level or less -- not to the children
of the affluent suburbs.
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2. Responding-to the IQation's~Nealth Concerns
In a press conference in 1981, President Reagan brought
the problems of three-year-old Katie Beckett -- and others
like her -- tc the attention of the nation. Inflexible Medi=
caid regulation forced Katie to stay in?a hospital because
payments for home care were not allowed though costs would be
lower. Because of Administration action, Katie was home by
Christmas of that year and by early 1982, HHS had streamlined
the waiver procedures so that states could more fully utilize
home and community care. So far, two-thirds of the states
have applied for these waivers.
The Katie Beckett case typifies President Reagan's over=
all goal for health care policy: to provide readily avail-
able, compassionate care while curtailing rapidly escalating
costs. His Administration is achieving this goal by stimu=
lating private innovation at the local level, promoting
health care competition, encouraging innovative alternatives
to institutional care and reducing unnecessary regulatory
burdens, waste and fraud. For example:
-- To Yielp curb skyrocketing medical costs, the President has
instituted regulations to restrain physician and hospital
costs as well as eliminate excessive and duplicative pay=
ments. Resulting savings will be $1 billion in fiscal 1983
and more than $5 billion over the next three years.
-- To increase state and community involvement in health care,
25 individual HHS programs were consolidated into seven new
block grants -- four of which concern health. As a result,
states have more latitude to meet their own specific needs
and duplication, reporting, red tape and overhead costs. are
reduced.
== Regulatory reforms have strengthened the nation's drug
approval process. Eventually cutting approval time will be
cut by 20 percent and paperwork by 70 percent. Already, the
Food and Drug Administration has set a new record for the
number of new chemicals approved for drug use -- more than
40 approvals during the last two years, compared with only
12 in 1980.
Such measures have actually helped to strengthen the
President's commitment to the nation's health and research
needs by stretching taxpayer dollars to deliver services more
efficiently. And, under President Reagan, spending has
continued to grow. For example, basic health research
funding was increased by $144 million for fiscal 1981 and an
additional $72 million for fiscal 1982.
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As a result, health-related activities continue at
record pace. For example, in 1982, many childhood diseases
were brought almost entirely under control, with immunization
levels reaching new highs and the cases of measles, rubella,
tetanus, polio and mumps reaching all-time lows. The Admin=
istration launched major nationwide campaigns concerning
teenage alcohol abuse and Reyes syndrome and responded within
hours to the Chicago drug package tampering tragedy .as well
as supervising several of the largest food recalls in
history.
3. Housing
In proclaiming National Housing Week in October 1982,
President Reagan noted: "...[H]ome ownership is a cherished
tradition that binds families, builds financial security, and
strengthens communities and economic growth." Yet when
President Reagan took office, the housing industry was fast
approaching chaos and home ownership out of reach for
millions of Americans because of soaring costs, record
interest rates and economic mismanagement. Between 1977 and
1980, the average monthly payment for a mortgage loan had
nearly doubled.
Today, under the Reagan Administration, the housing
sector is on the way to recovery:
November's FHA activity was at a 48-year historic high
and 1982 FHA interest rates were down to 12 percent ==
from the nearly 19 percent rate in September 1981, one
month before the President's economic program went into
effect. As a result, about 6 million more families are
now eligible for FHA-insured mortgages.
At the end of 1980, housing starts were in the middle of
a three-year slump and down about one=half million from
the year before. Two years later, the start rate is
rising, not falling, and ended 1982 at almost one-half
million above 1981 levels.
While lower interest rates are the key to affordable
housing, the Administration has also expanded and deregulated
funding sources:
Traditional funding sources have been expanded through
regulatory reforms that give more flexibility to the
savings and loan industry and encourage greater pension
fund investment in mortgages.
Innovative funding instruments such as Shared Equity
Mortgages, Graduated Payment Mortgages, and Negotiated
Interest Rates are also now allowed with FHA loans.
In June 1981, President Reagan announced the creation of
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the National Commission on Housing to develop recommendations
for housing policy in the 1980s and a final report was
submitted in April 1982. Se far, 6C percent of the
recommendations have been fully or partially implemented or
can be only addressed by state and local governments.
While homeownership is a reality for many Americans,
others must depend upon government 'assistance to meet their
housing needs. Under the Reagan Administration, housing
programs for the poor have been reoriented to provide
assistance to those in true need and to improve and upgrade
existing public and rental housing units. As a result:
Housing programs have been retargeted to those families
with incomes below 50 percent of the media. Currently
3.5 million households are receiving housing assistance
== a 9 percent increase over the 3.2 million served at
the erd of the previous Administration.
President Reagan believes that better use should be made
of existing public housing stock and has proposed no new
construction of costly public housing projects.
Instead, current proposals focus on subsidizing rents
and improving existing housing. Since high housing
costs, rather than a housing shortage is the poors'
greatest problem, the Administration has proposed a
housing voucher program that would provide rent
subsidies to the poor. In addition, legislation has
been proposed to provide grants to states and localities
to preserve and rehabilitate rental properties for
low-income families.
The Administration has a strong commitment to fair
housing and has implemented several important programs to
eliminate discrimination in housing:
To increase local voluntary initiatives, the number of
Community Housing Resource Boards have increased to 578
as of June 1982 -- an increase of 44 percent from 1980.
In addition, an Administration agreement with the
National Association of Realtors has resulted in 1,134
realtor associations participating in a program to
promote equal housing opportunity -- an increase of 27
percent from 1980.
During the past two years, more than $5 million has been
provided to state and local governments for fair housing
enforcement. As a result, the number of agencies
participating has increased from 38 to 69 since 1981
alone.
4. An~Educational System Closer to the People
In January of 1980, Presidential candidate Ronald Reagan
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observed that only through parents, teachers and local school
boards Yias American education achiEVed its eminence and
strength. "It is time we put education back on the right
track," he said. To accomplish this goal, President Reagan
has taken steps both to deregulate education and restore a
federalist balance to education policy:
-- Through the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of
1981, President Reagan returned power to the states and
localities in administering funds for disadvantaged child-
ren. In addition, the P.ct consolidated some 42 education-
al activities into a single block grant -- eliminating
more than 300 pages of regulations as well as inefficient
and costly administrative overhead.
== Improved management practices have better targeted federal
funds and returned monies due the Treasury to government
coffers. For example, the Administration has tightened
guidelines for recipients of student grants and loans. As
a result, only students from families with gross adjusted
incomes of under $30,000 are generally eligible. In addi=
tion, a nationwide campaign was launched to collect de-
faulted student loans -- resulting in the collection of
more than $100 million and the identification of an
estimated $~-~ billion more to be recovered.
== Aware of the declining quality of teaching instruction and
student performance, the Administration has created the
National Commission on Excellence in Education. Its
findings are expected to result in a new national thrust
to improve overall education quality.
Tuition tax credits remain a vital leg of the
President's plan for improving the quality and degree of
parental control in education. On June 22, 1982, President
Reagan submitted legislation to Congress which would give
lower and middle income parents the option which wealthier
parents have always had: the choice between private and
public education for their children.
5. 6,a jor~Initiatives to Combat Crime
As a candidate, Ronald Reagan noted that America's
criminal justice system was failing because of "lenient
judges, inadequate punishment and unnecessarily slow and
cumbersome court proceedings." In the first two years of his
Administration, the President launched major initiatives to
combat crime and develop more effective law enforcement.
Early in 1981, President Reagan oversaw the establish=
ment of the Justice Department Task Force on Violent Crime to
address the nation's single worst crime problem. The Presi-
dent has already implemented many of its recommendations and
others are now before Congress. Among the President's
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initiatives:
-- To assure adequate prison facilities: a clearinghouse to
help states and localities obtain surplus federal property
for use as corrections facilities.
-- To keep the guilty off the streets: changes in bail
procedures, the exclusionary rule, and habeas corpus writs.
=- Tc assure better state and federal coordination: law
enforcement coordinating committees throughout the country
to address urgent crime problems by region.
To address the needs of victims, President Reagan created
the Task Force on Victims of Crime on April 23, 1982. The
following October, he signed into law the Victim and Witness
Protection Act which offers protection and restitution to
victims as well as freedom from intimidation for witnesses.
To combat narcotics trafficking and organized crime,
President Reagan instituted several historic programs:
== A joint effort between the FBI and the Drug Enforcement
Administration, so far, has resulted in more than 1100 new
drug investigations.
== One of the most innovative examples of his drug enforcement
initiatives is the South Florida Task Force, established on
January 28, 1982 and headed by the Vice President with state
and local cooperation. Its activities have resulted in
nearly 2,000 arrests and the confiscation of 2 million
pounds of marijuana and 6 thousand pounds of cocaine.
== On October 14, 1982, President Reagan announced additional
initiatives in this area. Among them: 12 task forces in key
areas throughout the nation similar to the South. Florida '
Task Force; a 15-member national panel to investigate the
syndicate; a cooperative project with the nation's governors
to help bring about criminal justice reforms; and a national
center for state and local law enforcement training.
When President Reagan took office, he was faced with a
crisis caused by long-term neglect of the nation's immigra=
tion laws. In 1981, the Census Bureau estimated that 3.5
million to 6 million people were in the nation illegally. In
1980 alone, an estimated 500,000 to one million illegal
aliens entered the country. To combat illegal immigration,
President Reagan instituted a two-phase program: legislation
to sharply reduce the number of illegal aliens entering the
U.S. and new enforcement programs to apprehend more. illegal
aliens at the borders and those employed in the interior:
== The Administration-supported Immigration Reform and Control
Act now before Congress establishes penalties for knowingly
hiring illegal aliens; streamlines the processing of asylum
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claims; and legalizes the status of productive, law abiding
aliens who have lived in the U.S. for a number of years.
Budget increases and additional resources at the Immigration
and Naturalization Service are increasing enforcement acti=
vity, as are increased Coast Guard patrols. For example,
more than 12,400 alien smuggler$ were apprehended in 1982 as
a result of this crackdown.
6. Record Enforcement of Civil Rights Laws
President Reagan has been firm in protecting civil
liberties since he assumed office. Ye supported and signed
into law the longest extension of the Voting Rights Act since
its enactment. Enforcement of the Act is also at record.
levels. Justice has reviewed more than 9,000 electoral
changes to determine compliance -- an all-time high. At the
President's direction, activities by federal enforcement
agencies are at record levels:
The Justice Department has investigated and prosecuted.
criminal violators of civil rights laws in record numbers.
In the first two years of the Reagan Administration, Justice
filed 62 new cases charging criminal violations and con=
ducted trials in 52 cases, numbers greater than those in any
previous Administration.
EEOC's record is also impressive. In 1981 alone, the
Commission dramatically increased its activity over the
previous year -- processing of discrimination charges
increased by 25 percent; the number of people.assisted
through negotiated remedies increased by 15 percent; and
total back-pay and other compensation increased by 60
percent.
Despite general budgetary restraint, the budget for civil.
rights enforcement has grown. In fiscal 1983 there is a 24
percent increase for the Civil Rights Division at Justice
and a 15 percent increase for the EEOC over 1980 actual
expenditures.
Enforcement levels of fair housing laws also are at record
levels. For example, the number of fair housing complaints
closed by HUD and equivalent state and local agencies
increased about 14 percent between fiscal 1980 and the first
three-quarters of fiscal 1982.
7. Progress for Minority Americans
President Reagan believes that a strong economy, along
with tough anti-discrimation enforcement, returns the
greatest good to minority Americans. It returns a benefit
greater than that provided by massive federal spending which
has actually weakened the economy--creating only more
hardship for low-income citizens, many of whom are
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minorities.
The President entered office in the midst cf an economic
catastrophe from which the nation is just now beginning to
recover. Years of massive spending had created double-digit
inflation and slowed productivity, yet the resulting social
programs had made little progress in eradicating poverty and,
in fact, created hardship for all Americans.
In the 1960s, an era of fewer and smaller federal
programs but larger economic growth, the number of families
in poverty was reduced by nearly 50 percent. In the 1970s,
social programs grew ten-fold, yet economic growth slowed and
only five percent escaped poverty. As the programs
proliferated, so followed bureaucratic waste and
mismanagement--and much of the federal money intended for the
minority poor never reached them.
Never wavering from his commitment to basic social
needs, President Reagan has cut the growth rate of many of
these programs, better targeted funds toward the truly needy,
and made major progress in eliminating fraud and bureaucratic
waste.
Fresident Reagan has achieved record enforcement of civil
rights laws and is responsible for the longest extension of the
Voting Rights Act in history. (For more details, see section
on Civil Rights)
In addition to tax and regulatory reform, the President
has taken other specific steps designed to directly benefit
minority business.
=- In 1981, the Small Business Administration's 8(a) program
was revised to better target funds for minority small
business ventures. In addition, the Commerce Department,'s
Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) implemented
programs to establish a higher rate of minority joint
ventures with majority firms and provide assistance in the
area of international trade. The Office of Minority
Business Advocacy was also established under MBDA to
assure better cooperation between minority business, the
federal government and the private sector.
== On December 17, 1982, President Reagan announced addition-
al steps to promote minority business development.
Through such agencies as MBDA and the SBA, the Administra-
tion is putting into place a plan to create and expand
more than 120,000 new and existing minority businesses in
the next 10 years. In addition, the federa], government
will procure an estimated $15 billion in goods and ser-
vices from minority businesses between 1983 and 1985.
Approximately $1.5 billion in credit assistance and $300
million in management and technical assistance will also
be made available.
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President Reagan has also moved to strengthen Black
colleges and universities:
=- He provided a $9.6 million increase in federal Title III
funds, a jump of almost eight percent, and also signed an
Executive Order which strengthened the federal commitment
to historically Black colleges, while seeking new ways for
the private sector also to increase its support.
=- An example of his strong commitment to black colleges was
the critically needed financial aid he authorized for
Meharry Medical College. This money, totaling several
million dollars, and his order to expand the affiliation
between the school and the VA helped to save the medical
college which has trained more than 40 percent of all
Black physicians.
=,= Under his direction, federal agencies also have directed
funds toward black colleges for instruction in their
specific areas. On September 10, 1982, for example, the
Department of Housing and Urban Development announced that
it directed $450,000 in grants to 11 black colleges for
technical assistance to their communities regarding
Community Development Block Grants and Urban Development
Action Grants.
President Reagan has dealt with issues of particular
interest to Hispanic Americans. He has improved U.S. rela-
tions with our Latin neighbors through the Caribbean Basin
Initiative and closer communication with Mexico President
Portillo. He formulated a special task force to solve the
economic problems of Puerto Rico and initiated radio broadcasts
to Cuba. Domestic initiatives include: the development of an
immigration policy and support of the 10-year extension of the
bilingual election provisions of the Voting Rights Act.
The President considers direct input from minorities a
number one priority in addressing the specific concerns of
minority Americans. Early in his Administration, he designated
key members of his staff to act as liaison with the Black and
Hispanic communities. In addition, he has relied heavily on
the expertise of Black and Hispanic P.mericans by appointing
them to high-level policy positions throughout his
Administration:
As of January 1983, President Reagan placed Blacks in more
than 150 top executive policymaking positions -- of which
29 require Senate confirmation. For example, he chose
Samuel Pierce to serve in his Cabinet as Secretary of HUD
and appointed the first Black to serve as Chairman of the
U.S. Civil Rights Commission. His Black appointments
cover a broad range of responsibilities. For example,
Blacks hold the positions of Assistant Secretary in
Commerce and Education, as well as Director of Minerals
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Managagement Service in Interior and Administrator of
Urban Mass Transportation, Department of Transportation.
The President has appointed more than 100 Hispanic
Americans to high level government positions -- 28 of
these are fulltime Presidential appointments requiring
Senate confirmation. For example,?Hispanic Americans serve
as General Counsel of HHS, Deputy Administrator and
Assistant P_dministrator of.EPA and Assistant Secretary of
HUD and Interior.
8. Promoting Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women
As a candidate, Ronald Reagan pledged to advance and
promote equal rights and opportunities for women. As
President, he has honored that commitment through a concerted
effort to correct discriminatory laws and regulations; the
successful recruitment of women to serve in hgh level federal
positions; and the institution of economic policies which
correct past inequities as well as promote economic oppcr=
tunity.
President Reagan strongly supports equal rights for women
and believes they can be ensured under existing Constitutional
guarantees. To assure full equality, the President has launch-
ed two initiatives aimed at correcting disciminatory laws and
regulations at state and federal levels:
The President's Task Force on Legal Equity for Women was
created on December 21, 1981, to identify federal laws and
regulations that discriminate against women. Legislation
has been introduced in Congress the Federal Equity Act
designed to correct such discriminatory language in the
U.S. Code.
Through the 50 States Project, the President communicates
with the governors and state legislators to encourage
states to correct laws which discriminate against women.
In addition, the White House Coordinating Council on
Women, announced on August 27, 1982, is assuring that womens'
rights and opportunities continue to receive special attention
at Administration policy-making levels.
In his first two years in office, President Reagan
selected more women to serve in top fulltime policy positions
than any other President in history during a comparable time
period. There have been 92 women selected for Presidential
appointments by President Reagan, compared to the previous
Administration's 76 such appointments. Alltold,.the President
has selected 650~women for high-level, policy-making positions:
138 for Senior Executive Service positions, 136 for Schedule C
jobs above a GS 15, and nearly 300 for part-time Presidential
advisory boards.
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His appointments include Asscciate Justice Sandra Day
O'Connor, the first woman to serve on the Superme Court and
Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick, the first woman with Cabinet rank
to represent the U.S. in the United Nations. Helene Von Damn
is the first women to serve as Director of Presidential Person-
nel. In the Reagan Administration, women also serve as direc=
tors of four major federal agencies: th.e Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, the Peace Corps, the Consumer Product Safety
Commission, and the U.S. Postal. Rate Commission.
President Reagan's economic program corrects three past
inequities which have directly affected many women: the
marriage penalty, IRA limitations and inheritance taxes.
Eliminating 99.7 percent of inheritance taxes is of
particular help to widows, many of whom will no longer
have to sell the family business or farm to meet tax
demands when their husbands die.
A reduction in the marriage penalty aids two-earner
families, since a couple earning $30,000 ($15,000 each)
will save about $300 in 1983 alone.
Raising IRA limitations allows homemakers as much as $500
more in their IRA accounts.
In addition, the President has instituted other economic
policies which impact favorably on women:
To aid the working mother, the tax credit for child-care
expenses has been raised; tax incentives offered to
employers who include prepaid day care in their employee
benefit packages; and a child care deduction line included
on the income tax short-form, making it easier for
low-income families to duduct such expenses.
On September 8, 1982, President Reagan signed into law the
Uniformed Services Spouses' Protection Act. It allows
state courts to divide military retirement benefits in
divorce settlements, thus recognizes the special concerns
of military wives.
9. Secczrity-for~the Nation's Elderly
In September of 1950, candidate Rcnald Reagan noted that
the number one concern of older Americans is economic securi-
ty. This concern had become a quickly growing problem during
the late 1970s as inflation sent the cost of basic necessi-
ties such as food, fuel, utilities, and medical expenses
soaring. Zn addition, the nation's social security system
was badly in need of reform, parts of it facing bankruptcy as
early as mid-1983.
Two years into office, President Reagan has made major
progress in restoring economic security for the nation's
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elderly. Inflation -- new at its lowest rate in ten years =-
is being brought under control, thus easing the financial
burden for those on fixed incomes. Oil decontrol has helped
to stabilize energy costs, and with the prime rate now down
by about half, interest rates are fast approaching reasonable
levels again. Tax cuts and reforms have eased income tax
burdens and virtually eliminated inheritance taxes. Most
importantly, the nation is on the way to full, long-term
economic recovery -- meaning financial stability for today's
as well as future senior citizens.
For those older Americans who wish to continue working,
Ronald Reagan has proposed the complete elimination of man=
datory retirement -- the first President in history to do so.
The proposal is now under study in Congress. In addition,
the Administration has issued a new "Suspension of Benefits"
rule which allows many retirees to work 40 hours per month
without their pension benefits being reduced.
While reductions in federal spending have played a major
part in the President's program for economic recovery, he has
never wavered from his commitment to maintaining services for
the needy, many of whom are elderly.
Federal support for the elderly is averaging $7,850 per
year per individual for fiscal 1983 and will increase
125 percent as fast as overall spending over the next
five years.
Svhile the elderly comprise about 11 to 12 percent of the
total population, they will receive 28 percent of
federal budget outlays in fiscal 1983.
With leadership from President Reagan, the Congress
voted in 1981 to reauthorize the Older Americans Act.
The Act supports a variety of locally-based services
including support for homemakers, home healthcare,
transportation, meals and counseling.
The Administration has instituted several innovative
programs designed to aid the elderly without adding
unnecessary expense at the federal level. For example,
Carrire Alert, a program to aid elderly persons in
distress, is a joint project with the National
Association of Letter Carriers, the American Red Cross,
and the United Way.
Millions of senior citizens dependent on specific
government programs are continuing to receive adequate
assistance. Under the fiscal 1983 budget, for example:
=- Social Security: The Old Age Survivors and Disability
Insurance provides monthly cash payments up to $868 to
24.5 million people who are 62 or older.
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Health~Programs: N,edicare, Medicaid, and other health
programs are providing over $4,200 per elderly couple.
Housing-Assistance: Rent and loan interest subsidies are
provided to 2.25 million elderly households through HUD
subsidized housing programs.
Nutrition Programs: Federal, state and local governments
will serve 600,000 meals per day to the elderly through
service centers and meals on wheels.
Social Services: Over $1 billion in nutrition,
community, homemaker and protective services as well as
low-income energy assistance is being provided through
Social Services (Title XX), Older American Act programs
and Energy Assistance.
To a group of senior citizens concerned over social
security in the fall of 1980, President Reagan stated: "I
will defend the integrity of the Social Security
system....That system will be strong and reliable and
protected under a Reagan Administration."
Since in office, President Reagan has presided over two
consecutive cost-of=living increases to Social Security
recipients -- an 11.2 percent increase in July 1981 and a 7.4
percent increase in July 1982 (reflecting lower inflation).
As a result, the average retirement benefit has risen $ - a
month. since President Reagan took office.
Despite strong opposition from opponents, ana a heated
election year debate over the issue, President Reagan has
acted decisively in searching out solutions to the financial
problems faced by the nation's Social Security system:
== In clay 1981, the President proposed a comprehensive set.
of reforms which would have protected the elderly
already receiving benefits while also lowering the
long-term costs of the system. Unfortunately, the
proposals became more of a political football than a
beginning of serious discussion.
== The following September he withdrew the proposals. In
their place, and in an effort to remove the issue from
partisan politics, President Reagan made three basic
proposals -- all favored by Congress: temporary
interfund borrowing to keep the system solvent in the
short=run; restoration of the minimum benefit for
low=income beneficiaries; formation of the Bipartisan
Commission on Social Security Reform to recommend
realistic, long-term reforms.
At this writing, the President is awaiting the final
report of the Commission. By the end of 1982, however, the
Commission had concluded the system was underfunded by $150 -
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$200 billion through 1990. After reviewing the Commission's
reccm~;~endations , he will take irranediate action to work out a
final long-term solution with the Congressional leadership.
10. Handicapped
In October 1981, President Reagan proclaimed National
Employ the Handicapped Week, stating: "We need to make the
1980s years in which disabled individuals achieve the
greatest possible access to our society, maximum independence
and full opportunity to develop and use their capabilities."
With these goals in mind, the Reagan Administration has
directed a number of programs to serve the handicapped and
disabled.
Through Social Security/Supplemental Security Income
(SSI), the President's fiscal 1983 budget is providing
$18.2 billion to 4.3 million disabled workers and their
dependents -= an increase of about $.5 billion over
1982. In addition, SSI is providing about $8 billion to
3.6 million aged, blind, and disabled individuals -- an
increase of $1 billion over the previous year.
Medicare and D4edicaid are providing $12.1 billion for
medical services to 5 million disabled individuals in
fiscal 1983.
This year, HUD is providing more than $40 million in
loans for construction of housing for handicapped
individuals.
To aid the developmentally disabled, HHS awarded 19 new
grants totalling $1.5 million in efforts toward
de-institutionalization. In addition, two grants --
totalling $200,000 -- were made to improve outreach
services to minorities with developmental disabilities.
More than $800 million is allocated this year for the
specific education needs of 4.2 million handicapped
children. In addition, more than 37,700 handicapped
children are being served through Head Start.
The Model State Adoption Act was issued in 1981 to
encourage and facilitate the adoption of children with
special needs. States can choose to follow in part or
whole the legislation, which provides for financial
assistance to families who adopt children with special
needs.
Under President Reagan, vocational rehabilitation
assistance for service-connected disabled Vietnam
veterans has grown 14 percent over the past two years,
with employment receiving major emphasis. Overall
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benefits to veterans disabled in military service have
increased by $1.9 billion -- 25~ above the 1980 level.
11. Responding~to the Special Needs of Veterans
President Reagan chose to end his inaugural address --
one of the most important speeches~of his life -- by reading
a quote from the diary found on.a soldier who died heroically
in WWI: "...I will work....sacrifice...as if the issue of the
whole struggle depended on me alone."
The President recognizes the many sacrifices veterans
have made for the nation. Often they require special ser-
vices that only the federal government can provide and Presi=
dent Reagan's policies have borne out his commitment to
meeting these special needs of the nation's veterans:
== Expanded health services for aging veterans. Long-term
and geriatric VA health care are being expanded to meet
the needs of World War II and Korean War veterans.
Vietnam veterans are receiving special attention through
expansion of the store-front readjustment counseling
program, extension of vocational training and job place-
ment assistance, and targeting research toward delayed
stress reaction.
Responding to the Agent Orange dilemma, the Administra-
tion provided nearly 100,000 free medical examinations
to Vietnam veterans and launched over 50 separate
studies in an all=out research effort.
Veterans housing needs have been aided by the develop-
ment of a new graduate payment mortgage plan and the de-
cline in VA interest rates from over 17 percent to 12
percent in the last 14 months. In addition, deregula-
tory action has aided older veterans in obtaining
housing in retirement communities and has opened up
state and local housing assistance programs.
To greater aid disabled veterans, the Administration has
increased benefits by $1.9 billion overall, a 25 percent
increase over 1980, and offered greatly improved
insurance programs.
Under President Reagan, the VA has made major strides in
improving health care while restraining costs. During
the past two years, the VA has cared for more veterans
than ever before. In addition, rapidly expanding
veteran burial needs are being met through improved
management of burial space combined with financial
assistance in constructing state veterans' cemeteries.
12. Jobs and Safety for the Nation's Workforce
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President Reagan believes that progress for America's
workforce deper_ds on a vigorous, growing economy, for, as
Samuel Gompers, the founder of the American Federation of
Labor said: "The wcrst crime against working people is a
company which fails to make a profit."
In the past two years, the President has put in place a
program designed to restore productivity to the nation's
business and industrial sector. Its components, such as tax
reforms to spur savings and investment and regulatory relief
to ease financial and administrative burdens on business, are
designed to encourage business expansion, and thus create new
.jobs. Abetter climate for business development is being
created, as evidenced by lower inflation and interest rates.
While unemployment figures remain unacceptably high,
lagging behind other positive indicators, full-scale recov-
ery is on the horizon. It is important to remember that the
present recession followed on the coat-tails of a dramatic
surge in inflation during the late 70s -- similar to a
recession earlier in the decade. With inflation at its
lowest point in ten years, the stage is set for a sustained
drop in the unemployment rate. In addition, the President
has taken specific actions to help the unemployed and create
new jobs:
== To provide continued assistance for those currently out
of work, the President has twice extended unemployment
benefits with those in the hardest hit states eligible
for up to 55 weeks.
== The Job Training Partnership Act (JTP), signed into law
by President Reagan in October, will train up to one
million workers per year. Unlike the old CETA program,
JTP is designed for skilled, private sector job place- .
ment and spends almost 70 cents out of every dollar on
training, contracted to less than 18 cents under CETA.
== The President's Export Trading Company Legislation, also
signed into law in October, will create several hundred
thousand jobs.
== The highway and Bridge Repair Program bill, passed by
Congress in December, is expected to create 320,000 new
jobs in construction and related industries.
== The President's proposed Enterprise Zone legislation is
designed to revitalize distressed urban areas, offering
incentives for the creation of labor-intensive business-
es and special tax credits for the hiring of i3isadvan=
taged workers.
In 1981, the Trade Adjustment Assistance program was
significantly shifted to emphasize job retraining rather
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than income maintenance. The changes will speed up the
labor force re-entry of workers who lose their jobs due
to foreign imports and will result in savings of nearly
$1.5 billion over the next three years.
Regulatory reform has played a major role in the President's
approach to a productive, yet safe, workplace. In the Labor
Department alone, reform of its major regulatory agencies
has resulted in a savings to industry of over $2.6 billion
yearly plus a $2.2 billion initial one-time savings ._ Efforts
to date have resulted in a reduction of over 5 million burden
hours of previously required reporting.
=- New Davis-Bacon Act regulations, which determine wage
rates on federal construction projects, will reduce
federal and industry expenditures by more than $60C
million annually, while retaining basic labor standard
protections for workers. The regulation will also
enhance the employment opportunities of youth and women
in the construction industry.
OSHA reporting requirements have been reduced in 50G,000
low-hazard firms and resources are being better targeted
to firms with health and safety problems.
Proposed new Office of Contract Compliance regulations
will maintain basic affirmative action requirements
while streamlining the process and reducing excessive
reporting burdens, particularly on small business.
In mining, regulation and procedures are being revised
to give new emphasis to education and training and to
further improve the efficiency of mine safety inspec=
tions. In addition, the Administration, working closely
with organized labor and the coal industry, obtained
legislative reforms in the Black Lung Trust Fund, which
was in serious financial trouble, to ensure its long-
term solvency.
Under President Reagan, the federal government has begun the
long and arduous task of much needed pension reform. For
example, changes in ERISP. rules will allow pension plans to
make prudent investments in residential mortgages and
construction.
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Strengthening the Private-Sector
In an address before Congress shortly after he took
office, President Reagan stated: "~Je must remember a simple
truth. The creativity and ambition of the American people
are the vital forces of economic growth." This belief has.
formed the basis of the President's comestic policy -- that
only with an active, healthy private sector can the nation
achieve permanent, long-term economic growth.
President Reagan believes the strength of the private
sector derives not only from the health of the nation's
.economy, but also from the character and generosity of the
American people. He set out to strengthen the first --
through his economic program -- and to tap the latter,
through his Private Sector Initiative effort.
1. Priyate~Sector Initiatives
During the campaign, family, neighborhood, workplace,
emerged as key words in Ronald Reagan's political vocabulary
and in his plans for reorienting domestic policy. Over the
last two years, the private sector initiatives project was
developed to put those words into action.
In June of 1981, the President asked the American Enter-
prise Institute to conduct a study focusing on how the tradi-
tional institutions in the private sector (family, neighbor-
hoods, unions, churches and voluntary associations of all
sorts) can help people in need. Next, the President created
a new office in the White House, the Office of Private Sector
Initiatives, to coordinate Administration activities.
To involve the private sector more closely in, carrying
out the PSI strategy, the President announced a one=year
nationwide effort on September 24, 1981. It was called the
President's Task Force on Private Sector Initiatives and it
was charged to:
develop, support and promote private sector involvement
in meeting human needs.
recommend action by the President to foster public and
private partnerships and reduce dependence on govern=
ment.
During 1982, the Task Force served as a catalyst to create
many new public/private partnerships:
-= hundreds of national organizations met with President
Reagan and the Task Force and put Private Sector
Initiatives at the top of their agendas.
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-= the President and his Cabinet worked together to review
departmental procedures, regulations and impediments to
private sector initiatives.
-- over 70 television stations from around the country
developed programming highlighting how communities in
other parts of the country solved problems without
government funding. T.V. sponsored job matching pro-
grams are springing up all over the country.
-= the Task Force compiled a data bank of 2,500 examples
of how individuals and communities have solved social
problems. These examples were made available to others
around the country and will be expanded by a coalition
of private sector organizations over the next few years.
== forty-two governors organized efforts to develop private
sector initiative activity in their states.
During the Task Force's one year life, over 30 separate
PSI=relate events were held with the President, thousands of
letters which recognized exemplary programs were written and
sent, many speeches were given highlighting PSI examples and
several cities with new or expanded partnerships were visited
by the President.
There were many "firsts" inspired by the President's
emphasis on PSI. For example, the first annual White House
Awards for Voluntarism were established and 20 winners
visited Washington last April.
The Government entered into many new partnerships with
the private sector. Two programs, the Small Business
Revitalization Program and the expanded health fair,
with the National Health Care Screening Council for
Voluntary Organizations, were created. The SBR program
will create 300,000 new jobs over 4 years and the Health
Fairs will serve two times as many people this year as
last year.
== Despite the recession, individual and corporate philan-
thropy is increasing, and more volunteers than ever are
contributing to their communities.
At the Task Force's final meeting on December 8, 1982,
the President told the members "Private Sector Initiatives
are here to stay in the Reagan Administration." The
nationwide network of business, unions, religious groups,
national organizations, non-profits, education leaders and
Federal, State and local government officals established over
the last two years will be expanded.
A Commitment to Public Outreach: The President's commitment
to keeping in close contact with the various groups that make
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up American society is illustrated by the ongoing work of the
White Youse Office of Public Liaison.
During the first two years the President and his staff
have actively met with hundreds of individuals and groups to
maintain an ongoing exchange of ideas. Meeting under the
Office of Public Liaison for various groups include:
==
with
the President ..
75
--
with
Cabinet/Senior White Eouse Officials
187
--
other
meetings, briefings
1,048
Improving the Economic Environment: The President's Program
for Economic Recovery has put down a foundation for private
sector prosperity. Private industry -- farm, shop and
factory -= has benefited from lower inflation and interest
rates as well as fewer unnecessary regulations. N,ost
importantly, the President's program has offered tax
incentives to encourage business expansion, and increase
productivity: across-the-board individual tax cuts and estate
tax changes which aid small, family-owned businesses and
farms; Accelerated Cost Recovery System which permits faster
write-offs and encourages modernization; and special tax
credits for research and development.
Overall, President Reagan believes that government's
proper place is out of the private sector's way; that it can
offer incentives and assistance where appropriate, and main-
tain basic protection for health and safety but that un-
checked, Federal intrusiveness can be an unhealthy brake on
the private sector's growth and vitality.
2. A Free=Market Climate for Agriculture
Agriculture is the nation's largest industry and
employer, accounting for 20 percent of the GNP and 23 million,
jobs. Therefore, the President believes that agriculture
will remain strong only if government policies encourage a
sound economy and allow the farmer to work in a free-market
climate.
While the President's program for economic recovery will
benefit all Americans, many of its provisions will be of
particular assistance to farmers -- i.e, allowing faster
write-offs for farm machinery, buildings and eligible
livestock.
To encourage free-market development, a four=year farm
bill was passed in December 1981, which gives farmers econo-
mic protection thrcugh basic loan and price protection and
also provides programs fcr farmers to adjust supply volun-
tarily without government controls. In addition, the Presi-
dent has now proposed the "Payment-In-Kind (PIK) program
which gives producers the voluntary option of idling certain
acreage in return for a share of the huge U.S. grain surplus.
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This will help the nation's farmers and reduce large surplus
stocks of grain which threaten farm price stability.
On April 24, 1981, President Reagan ended the counter-
productive Soviet Grain embargo imposed by the previous
Administration. The embargo not only allowed some of the
nation's competitors to gain a larger share of the grain
market but also put the U.S. reputation as a reliable sup-
plier in jeopardy. President Reagan also supported the
extension of the current U.S./U.S.S.R grain agreement through
the end of fiscal 1983.
The Department of Agriculture also has developed a
comprehensive plan for export expansion designed to combat
unfair trade practices. A three-year, $1.5 billion "blend.ed-
credit" program was announced on October 20. Blended credit
sales were approved for seven countries, for import of more
than two million tons of U.S. agricultural products. In
addition, government-industry sales teams were sent to 23
countries to promote the export of U.S. products.
3. Addressing~Commerce and Trade in a Complex~V~orld
commerce and trade policies that address U.S. needs in an ~~~
increasingly complex and interdependent world. This policy
takes into account the immediate goals of a liberalized world
trading system and the needs of an American economy that must
flourish within it. For example:
== On October 21, 1982, President Reagan reached agreement ~,
with 40 European countries on steel exports to the U.S. ~
The agreement stops the subsidized export of European stee~
to the United States and will help restore fairness to they
competition between U.S. and foreign producers. i
== Several hundred thousand jobs will be created and exports
increased by about $11 billion as a result of the Export
Trading Company Act, signed by the President on October 8,i
1982. In addition, a new program has been established
which is encouraging new small and medium-size export firms
== and helping create almost 70,000 new jobs.
== Export controls have been strengthened through the
revitalization of the Coordinating Committee on export
controls (COCOM) and export revisions concerning such
countries as Libya, Iraq and South Africa. As a result, ~
export laws are more in line with U.S. foreign policy and
there is better control over high technology exports with
minimum effects on the business community.
-- Intensive efforts have been made to focus Japanese atten=!
tion on bilateral trade problems. In addition, trade
relations have been improved with Mexico -- through estab-
lishment of the U.S./Mexico Joint Commission on Commerce
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and Trade -- and with Africa as a result of an Administra-
tion=backed mission there to increase the private sector
role in international development.
The Reagan Administration has applied sound business
practices within the Commerce Department itself and has
achieved major cost savings and management improvements. For
example, export backlogs have been reduced from 2,200 to a1-
most zero and sound financial management restored to Com-
merce's Economic Development Administration -- including re-
ducing obligated undispersed funds by $410 million. Through
such improvements Commerce managed to operate successfully
under a fiscal 1982 budget 26 percent lower than that pro-
jected by the previous Administration.
President Reagan believes that an informed and educated
consumer is vital to the long-term healthy growth of the
nation's economic system -- yet government over=regulation
has in some cases hampered this growth. While regulation is
necessary to protect such vital areas as food, health and
safety, too much unnecessary regulation simply adds to the
costs to business and consumers alike without commensurate
benefits.
The President's main approach to finding relief for
consumers is his Program for Economic Recovery which has
eased the burden of inflation and over-regulation. In
addition, consumer offices are in place in the White House
and in 42 government agencies. These offices comprise the
Consumer Affairs Council which meets regularly to improve
representation, information and complaint handling. Specific
activities of the Reagan Administration in the area of
consumer affairs include:
=- Close cooperation with private and public organizations to
develop a national coalition for consumer education, to
integrate consumer and economic education and to preprare
for National Consumers Week held each year.
=- A Constituent Resources Exhibit to aid Congressional
staffers in handling complaints from their districts.
== F.dministration-sponsored conferences for health care
consumers, the aged and the disabled to enable them to
better share in the mainstream activities of the average
consumer.
== The establishment of third-party mechanisms iri the funeral
and airline industries to resolve legitimate consumer
complaints.
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5. Incentives?for Small Business Growth
Small business, the backbone of the American econcmy,
creates four out of every five new jobs, employs more than
half the work force, provides a livelihood for some 100
million Americans and gives the nation new technology. Thus,
the nation's small business community i?s a major element in
the President's economic revitalization effort.
In addition to the economic recovery program, President
Reagan has supported and signed several bills of particular
importance to small business. The Export Trading Company
A.ct, mentioned above, will assist small esport firms to ex=
pand their exports and the Small Business Innovation Develop-
ment Act will give small business a greater share of federal
funds for research and development. Prompt Payment legisla-
tion will require the government to pay its bills promptly or
pay interest penalties, thus correcting a past practice where
the government was borrowing interest-free and creating
cash-flow problems.
Through such inncvative approaches as the "Minnesota
Plan" the President has increased the availablity of capital
to help small businesses obtain critically needed long-term
financing. In addition, the President's Task Force on Regu=
latory Reform has identified the 20 regulations most burden-
some to small business and has begun a review of the impact
of EEOC regulations on small concerns.
Also, the Small Business Administration has improved its
organization and management through such organizational
changes as shifting more responsibility to local/regional
offices. Other management improvements have produced budget=
ary savings of $1.2 billion and staff reductions of 400
persons -- yet no services to small businesses were elimi-
nated and in many instances services were improved. For
example, total contract awards to small business was
increased $12.8 billion and prime contracts increased nearly
$8 billion.
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6. A"Safe; Efficient Transportation~~ystem
During the past two years, President Reagan has placed
renewed emphasis on the private sector and state and local
government in meeting the nation's transportation needs.
Through this approach, as well as improved management and
regulatory reform, the President was able to restrain federal
spending yet maintain and promote a safe national
transportation system.
To relieve tax and subsidy burdens, President Reagan has
:. utilized the concept of user fees to ease tax and subsidy
burdens and shift some of the funding responsiility to those
who use the service. For example, aviation user fees have
been instituted to maintain airports. Highway user fees
levied at the fuel pump provide a self-financing fund for
road repair that won't add to the deficit to repair and
rebuild the nation's highways, bridges and transit systems.
Through extensive regulatory reform, President Reagan
has achieved significant cost savings for consumers and
industry alike as well as permitted greater state and local
flexibility in meeting transportation needs -- i.e.,
legislation to deregulate the intercity bus industry. Such
action in the motor vehicle industry, for example, has led to
the review and redirection of 34 regulations which will
produce about $9 billion in savings over the next five
years.
Safety remains a number one priority in the Reagan
Administration. Despite an illegal air traffic controllers'
strike in 1961, the nation's air traffic system has continued
to operate at the safest levels in history. The Reagan
Administration has also undertaken long-term improvements in
the air traffic control system through the new National
Airspace System -- paid for by user fees. In addition, the
President has launched an intensive campaign concerning use
of safety belts and a nationwide program to curtail drunk
driving.
To return more responsibility to states and the private
sector, President Reagan initiated the Northeast Rail Service
Act which provided for transfer of Conrail commuter
responsibilities to local agencies. In addition, he
formulated a plan by which Highway Trust Funds revenues could
be turned back to the states.
7. A"Safe; Protected Environment at~Less Cost
President Reagan believes that the keys to a sound envi-
ronmental policy are balance and commonsense. While growth
should not be blindly sought at the environment's expense,
neither should national policy needlessly stifle economic
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growth and job opportunities. The President is pursuing this
concept through a two-fold approach: 1) regulatory and man=
agement reform with an eye to streamlining the process; 2) a
full partnership with states -- involving federal coordina-
tion, leadership, and technical support and state responsi-
bility for day-to-day management of environmental programs.
Among the Administration's environmental initiatives:
-- The Reagan Administration is.delivering more environmental
protection at less cost. EPA's productivity is higher than
ever, while the 1983 operating budget is 23 percent below
the 1981 operating level. For example, EPA has now pub=
lished 19 toxic removal rules for the water program,
compared to the previous Administration's one such rule.
== The Administration is aggressively managing hazardous waste.
Through private settlements, state cooperation, and direct
federal action, remedial work is underway at 100 abandoned
hazardous waste sites.
== States are managing more environmental programs than ever.
Work delegated to states has increased by 70 percent since
the President took office.
Environmental compliance is increasing. In the last nine
months alone municipal wastewater compliance increased from
79 percent to 87 percent.
Industry has received essential relief without jeopardy to
the environment. Air compliance deadlines have been
extended to allow modernization in the distressed steel
industry. The Auto Relief Package, when fully in place,
will save the auto industry about $3 billion. Air "bubble"?
rules are saving over $1 billion annually.
To help restore the nation's national parks and wildlife
refuges, the Administration created the five-year, $1
billion Park Restoration Improvement Program and moved to
rehabilitate deteriorating facilities at national refuges.
In addition, the Administration has successfully urged
Congress to include 188 Atlantic and Gulf Coast areas in the
Coastal Barrier Research Act and is working with a state/
private sector task force to encourage similar protection
for wetlands.
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8. Progress Toward~Energy Independence
Through his National Energy Policy Plan, announced in
July 1981, President Reagan established energy policy as part
of overall economic and international policy. Key elements
of his energy policy are reliance on the marketplace to
determine production and consumption, regulatory reform to
allow energy efficiency, long-term research and development
:. of energy related technologies, and the strengthening of U.S.
energy security.
Under President Reagan, the nation is making steady
progress toward energy independence: total domestic energy
production levels are up more than 8 percent over 1979
levels, and over 90 percent of the amount of energy consumed
in the U.S. is produced in the U.S. -- up from 77 percent in
1979.
In keeping with his philosophy that energy policy should
be tied to economic policy, the President submitted to
Congress in May 1982, his Federal Energy Reorganization Plan
which provides for the merger of DOE and the Department of
Commerce.
The President's regulatory reform measures have greatly
eased the reporting burden on the private sector. Through
the end of fiscal 1982, more than 6.3 million man hours have
been saved by streamlining and reducing energy regulations
== a 30 percent reduction.
OfI-Decontrol~Has~y~orked: Upon signing the Executive Order
decontrolling oil in January 1981, President Reagan
stated: "[It] is a positive first step towards a balanced
energy program...one designed tc promote prudent conservation
and vigorous domestic production."
Today, nearly two years after oil decontrol, the nation
has made great progress in oil independence, production, and
the stabilization of prices.
In October 1982, the average gasoline price was only one
cent higher than before decontrol. During 1982, in
fact, the price of gasoline actually fell more than 10
cents a gallon -- the first drop in a decade and the
largest drop in history. Decontrol critics who had pre=
dieted it would lead almost immediately to $2.00 a gal=
lon gas, were proven dramatically wrong.
Domestic drilling and exploration soared to record
levels in 1981. As of September 1982, successful oil
wells completed were 17 percent ahead of the 1981 record
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Net imports have fallen from 6.4 million barrels a day
in 1980 to 5.4 million in 1981 and 4.2 million as of
November 1982.
As a result of the elimination of~oil price controls
more than 200 sections of the Code of Federal Regula-
tions have been eliminated.
B~xilding a Stockpile of Energy Reserves: President Reagan
recognizes that because of the nation's vulnerability to
energy supply disruptions, certain emergency preparations ==
such as rapid filling of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve
(SPR) -= remain a primary government responsibility. Under
the Reagan Administration:
As of November 1982, 290 million barrels were stored in
the Strategic Petroleum Reserve -- more than 2 1/2 times
the amount stored between 1977 and January 1981. The
Administration's goal is to increase SPR capacity and
fill it to 750 million barrels.
In 1981, the Administration concluded an agreement with
Phexico's PEMEX which will supply 108 million barrels of
oil for SPR through August 1986.
Energy resources play an important part in the nation's
national security and defense needs. Among its defense-
related energy activities, the Administration has met nuclear
production goals for strategic and tactical systems and is
improving safeguards and security systems.
Harnessing the Nation's Resources: Before the Ottawa
Economic Summit in July 1981, President Reagan stated:
"...[4v]e will accelerate the development and use of all our
energy sources, both conventional and new, and continue to
promote energy savings and the replacement of oil by other
fuels. "Two years in office has produced much progress in
utilizing the nation's energy resources:
To develop the nation's nuclear power capability, the
Administration has completed legislation to streamline
nuclear regulation and licensing, and strongly supprted
legislation to establish a comprehensive nuclear waste
management program. In addition, the President has
eliminated the ban imposed by the previous Administra=
tion on reprocessing of spent fuel and is encouraging
private sector involvement in reprocessing.
To encourage coal production and use, the President
issued his Coal Expcrt Policy Statement which estab-
lished a major initiative to increase coal exports by
strengthening domestic production and establishing the
U.S. as a reliable supplier.
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Early in 1982, the Administration announced a new 5-year
Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) oil and gas leasing pro-
gram which calls for the study of mcre than one billion
acres as potential energy resources. In contrast, only
40 million acres -- only 4 percent of the OCS -- has
been offered to energy exploration during the past 30
years. In 1982 alone, the Administration has leased
more onshore acreage for oil and gas exploration than
did the previous Administration in four years.
President Reagan delivered the most powerful statement
on national minerals policy in nearly three decades --
the second such statement in history. To help implement
the policy, the Interior Department has processed 107
million acres of public lands, compared to only 1.2
million acres processed during the previous four years.
9. Science and Technology
In science and technological fields, the Reagan
Administration is emphasizing broad national goals of
economic revitalization, enhanced public health and
well=being, and strengtened defense. A major element of this
policy has been a clearer distinction between federal and
private sector roles in paying for and conducting research
and development -- for example, federal involvement in the
development of long-term energy resources, with short-term
development left tc the private sector. Among the Reagan
Administration initiatives:
The National Space Policy, announced in July 1982,
affirms U.S. determination to maintain leadership in
space and expand international cooperation.
The study of new technologies -- for example, ?advanced
computer research and development -- to assure that
federal policies are in line with national goals for
industrial competitiveness.
Increased international cooperation with Western Europe
and Japan for shared research in such areas as nuclear
fusion.
fact, the price of gasoline actually fell more than 10
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RGNALD " REAGALQ " TfiE " COfilPiU1QICATOR
In the first two years of his Administration, President
Reagan has made 14 major televised addresses. On each
occasion he went before the nation, and in one case the
world, to make clear his position on issues of vital
concern:
January 20,
1981
February 5,
1981
February 18,
1981
April 28, 1981
July 27, 1981
September 24, 1981
November 18, 1981
Inaugural address '
Address to the nation on the
economy
State of the Union address
Address to joint session of
Congress on the economic
package (first appearance since
assassination attempt)
Address to the nation on tax
proposals/budget
Address to the nation on the
economy
National Press Club speech:
foreign policy (The speech was
beamed to 200 million people
worldwide. It reached one of
the largest audiences of any
President.)
January 26, 1982 State of the Union address
April 29, 1982
August 16, 1982
September 1,
1982
September 20,
1982
October 13,
1982
November 22,
1982
Address to the nation on the
budget
Address to the nation on the
tax bill
Address to the nation on
P~4iddle East Policy
Address to the nation on a new
multinational peacekeeping
force in Lebanon.
Address to the nation on the
economy
Address to the nation on arms
control
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The President conducted 14 formal press conferences in
the White House over the last two years. He also held one
informal press conference while in Santa Barbara and one
hour-long press Q and A session following the tax bill.
Since January 1981, President Reagan has given 80 inter-
views to individual members of the press or small groups of
press representatives. He also had 12 briefings with out-of=
town editors and broadcasters.
In 1982, the President also gave 28 Saturday afternoon
radio addresses. He also had numerous informal Q and A ses=
sions with the press as well as eight press availabilities.
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CHROIQCLOGY - OF " T~'E ~ FIRST ~ TWO ~ 7~EARS
January 20
January 20
January 21
January 22
January 22
January 28
January 29
January 29
February 3
February 4
February 5
February 7
February 17
February 18
President Reagan sworn into office, first ever or.
West front of the Capitol; immediately announces a
freeze on federal hiring.
The President announces his nominees for the
Cabinet.
The President swears-in the White House staff;
requests resignations of Carter appointees.
The President signs memorandum to departments and
agencies ordering reductions in spending for con-
sulting contracts, office redecoration and other
non-essentials.
The President signs an Executive Order establishing
the Task Force on Regulatory Relief, chaired by
Vice President Bush, to lessen regulatory burden.
The President signs an Executive Ordera decontrol=
ling oil.
The President signs an Executive Order eliminating
the wage and price program of the council on Wage
and Price Stability.
First nationally televised Presidential news con-
ference.
Senate completes action on Cabinet nominations..
The President meets with the bipartisan Congres-
sional leadership; first trip to Capitol Hill after
Inaugural.
The President makes his first nationally televised
address to the nation outlining the state of the
economy and describing his plans for recovery.
The President approves an Act to provide for a
temporary increase in the public debt to $985
billion.
The President signs an Executive Order requiring
Office of Management and Budget review of all
proposed new regulations.
The President makes televised address to joint
session of Congress; .outlines his Program for
Economic Recovery.
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February 24 The President issues an Executive Order suspending
litigation against Iran.
February 26 The Administration formally constitutes five
Cabinet Councils.
March 2 The President issues an Executive Order estab-
lishing the President's Economic Policy Advisory
Board, chaired by George Shultz; will advise the
Administration on domestic and international
economic policy.
March 2 The President speaks at the Mid-Winter Conference
of the National League of Cities in Washington,
D.C.
March 5 The President approves federal aid to Atlanta in
the wake of child killings there.
March 6 Nationally televised Presidential news conference.
March 9 The President proposes replacing federal hiring
freeze with permanent federal hiring guidelines.
March 10 The President submits to Congress more details of
the Program for Economic Recovery outlining 200
additional budget cuts.
March 20 The President speaks at the Conservative Political
Action Conference dinner in Washington, D.C.
March 24 The President designates Vice President Bush to
chair the Administration's "crisis management"
team.
March 26 The President issues an Executive Order to estab-
lish the Council on Integrity and Efficiency to
identify and eliminate federal waste, fraud and
abuse.
March 26 The United States declares Poland should be allowed
to resolve its own problems without interference
from any outside power.
March 30 Attempted assasination of President Reagan by John
Hinckley, Jr.; Press Secretary James Brady shot and
gravely wounded; Secret Service Agent Timothy
McCarthy and D.C. Metropolitan Police Office Thomas
Delahanty also wounded; incident occurred after
speech to AFL-CIO at the Washington Hilton Hotel.
April 1 The Administration withholds aid to Nicaragua for
sending arms to E1 Salvadoran guerillas.
April 6 The President proposes to ease regulations to help
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the auto industry by eliminating the need for $1.4
billion in capital costs; proposal to lower con=
sumer prices by $9.3 billion over the next five
years.
April 8
April 28
May 1
May 5
May 6
May 7
May 12
May 12
May 17
May 27
May 28
The President issues an Executive Order estab-
lishing the Presidential Advisory Committee on
Federalism and Coordinating Task Force on
Federalism chaired by U.S. Senator Paul Laxalt.
The President returns to the White House after 12
days in the hospital.
The President announces his decision to sell AWACS
planes to Saudi Arabia.
The President lifts the Soviet grain embargo.
The President makes a nationally televised speech
before a joint session of Congress; discusses his
Program for Economic Recovery.
Japanese government announces its voluntary deci-
Sion to limit auto exports to the U.S. for two
years.
The President announces Philip Habib's mission to
Israel, Lebanon and Syria to explore ways to reduce
tension there.
The Administration orders the Libyan diplomatic
mission closed.
The House passes the Reagan bipartisan (Gramm-
Latta) budget resolution.
The Senate passes the President's budget.
HHS Secretary Schweiker announces President's
proposed Social Security revisions to return the
system to financial stability yet protect basic
benefits.
The President addresses the 1981 graduating class
at Notre Dame University commencement exercises.
The President addresses the 1981 graduating class
at West Point commencement exercises.
In a letter to Congress, the President outlines his
commitment to three principles for Social Security
reform; asks for bipartisan cooperation to save the
Social Security system.
The President issues an Executive Order estab-
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lishing the Task Force on the Arts and Humanities.
June 12 The President proclaims July 17, 1981, National
P.O.W.-M.I.A. Recognition Day.
June 16 Nationally televised Presidential News Conference.
June 16 The President issues an Executive Order estab-
lishing the Presidential Advisory Commission on
National Housing Policies chaired by William
McKenna. -
June 25 The Senate passes the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation
Bill.
June 26 The House passes the Reagan bipartisan (Gramm-Latta
II) budget.
June 29 The President speaks at the annual convention of
the National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP) in Denver.
July 7 ~ The President nominates Sandra Day O'Connor to be
the first woman Justice of the Supreme Court.
July 17 The Administration issues a national energy plan.
July 20 = 22 The President attends Ottawa Economic Summit.
July 27 - The President makes a television address to the-
nation asking for support of his tax plan.
July 29 Congress passes the President's Economic Recovery
Tax Act of 1981 -- the largest tax cut in history.
- July 30
July 30
The President announces major immigration and
refugee policy.
The President speaks at the annual convention of
the National Conference of State Legislatures in
Atlanta.
July 31 ~ The House and Senate agree on the Conference Report
on the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Bill.
August 3 The President responds to an illegal strike by air
traffic controllers; says that those who do not
return to work in 48 hours will be dismissed.
August 5 The Administration announces 11 guidelines for
revision of the Clean Air Act.
August 6 The President signs legislation passed at his
request transferring the Maritime Administration
from the Commerce Department to the Transportation
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Department.
August 13 The President signs into law the Economic Recovery
Tax Act of 1981 and the Omnibus Budget Reconcilia=
tion Act of 1981; holds an informal press confer=
ence.
August 20
September 15
Two U.S. Navy fighters shoot down two attacking
Libyan fighters during a training exercise in the
Mediterranean.
The President announces a program to increase
participation of historically Black colleges and
universities in federal programs.
September 18 The President speaks at the dedication of the
Gerald Ford Presidential Museum in Grand Rapids,
Michigan; meets with President Lopez Portillo of
Mexico, Prime Minister Trudeau of Canada and Former
President Giscard d'Estaing of France.
September 22 The President establishes the Presidential Commis-
Sion on Broadcasting to Cuba.
September 24 Tie President makes nationally televised address on
his Program for Economic Recovery; withdraws Social
Security reform proposals and calls for appointment
of bipartisan commission.
September 25~ Sandra O'Connor sworn in as the first woman Justice
of the Supreme Court.
September 28 The President outlines the Administration's plans
to combat crime in America in speech to the
International Association of Chiefs of Police in
New Orleans.
September 30 The President signs a bill raising the national
debt ceiling to more than $1 trillion dollars.
October 1 The Administration authorizes sales to the USSR of
an additional 15 million metric tons of grain.
October 1 Nationally televised Presidential news conference.
October 2 The President announces five=part comprehensive
plan for modernization of U.S. strategic forces
including his decision on the B-1 bomber and MX
missile.
October 8 The Administration announces a series of.nuclear
energy policy initiatives.
October 8 Former Presidents Nixon, Ford and Carter meet with
the President in the White House then depart for
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Cairo to attend President Sadat's funeral.
October 14
October 18 - 19
October 20
October 21 = 24
October 28
November 6
November 10
November 12
November 17
November 18
November 23
November 30
December 3
The President establishes Task Force on Private
Sector Initiatives; will promote private sector
involvement in meeting social problems.
The President attends the Yorktown Bicentennial
celebration in Yorktown,~Virginia, with French
President Mitterrand.
The President establishes the Foreign Intelligence
Advisory Board, chaired by Anne Armstrong.
The President attends Cancun Summit.
Senate approves sale of five AWACS planes to Saudi
Arabia.
President Reagan announces he favors an extension
of the Voting Rights Act.
Nationally televised Presidential news conference.
The President meets with OMB Director David
Stockman, declines his resignation offer; Stockman
discusses controversial Atlantic Monthly article in
press conference.
The President announces all branches of the U.S.
military achieved their recruiting goals for fiscal
'81 == the most successful year since the start of
an all volunteer force in 1973.
The President addresses the nation and the world
via satellite to propose elimination of inter=
mediate range, land=based nuclear missiles.
The President issues his first veto -= of the
continuing resolution for fiscal '82 appropria=
tions Later the same day, the President signs
compromise legislation temporarily extending the
continuing resolution through December 15, 1981.
Presidential Press Secretary James Brady returns to
his home after an eight month hospital stay.
Beginning of U.S.-Soviet European arms reductions
talks.
The President announces revision of pension plan
regulations to permit construction-oriented pension
funds to invest assets in home mortgage markets.
The President lifts the ban on Federal rehiring of
fired air traffic controllers except by the FAA.
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December 10 The President bans U.S. travel to Libya and calls
on American corporations to return their 1500 U.S.
employees to the United States inw ake of reports
of Libyan assasination plot against U.S. leaders.
December 10 The House passes the Continuing Budget Resolution
with $4 billion in domestic appropriations cuts
asked for by the President.
December 11 The Senate passes the Continuing Budget Resolu-
tion.
December 12 N;artial law declared in Poland.
December 15 The President signs the Continuing Budget Resolu=
tion.
December 16 The President signs an Executive Order establishing
the National Commission on Social Security Reform.
December 17 Nationally televised Presidential news conference.
December 17 The President lights the National Christmas Tree.
December 21 The President issues an Executive Order establishing
the Task Force On Legal Equity For Women to correct
federal regulations that discriminate against women.
December 23 The President makes a nationally televised holiday
address to the nation; asks Americans to light a
candle on Christmas Eve for the people of Poland.
December 29 The President signs the Foreign Aid Bills, the first'
enacted since 1979.
December 29 The President signs into law the Black Lung Pro-
gram Bill.
December 29 The President signs into law the Multinational Force
and Gbservers Participation Resolution ensuring U.S.
participation in the implementation of security as=
pects of the peace treaty between Israel and Egypt.
January 4 The President accepts the resignation of Richard V.
Allen, National Security Adviser; names William P.
Clark to the fill the position.
January 7 The President announces his decision to continue
draft registration.
January 12 The President announces his support of statehood
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 Approved For Release 2007/12/13: CIA-RDP85M00364R001903620015-8 .
for Puerto Rico if the people of the island choose
statehood in a free and democratic election.
January 14 The President speaks at a luncheon of the New York
City Partnership, an association of business and
civic leaders, to outline his Private Sector
Initiatives effort.
January 18 The President transmits to Congress proposed legi-
slation allowing tax exemptions for private schools.
January 19 Nationally televised Presidential news conference.
January 20 The President proclaims January 30 Solidarity Day.
January 26 The President delivers televised State of the Union
address before a Joint Session of the Congress.
January 28 The President announces establishment of a Federal
task force to assist the State of Florida in com=
batting crime and drug-traffic in South Florida.
January 28 ~ The President speaks at a White House luncheon on the
centennial of the birth of Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
January 28 Italian police free Brigadier General James L. Dozier
from Red Brigade captors.
January 29 The President issues a statement of U.S. policy to
the third United Nations Conference on the Law
of the Sea.
January 29 The President announces the formation of the Cabinet,
Council on Legal Policy.
? January 29 The President sends a message to hunger strikers in
the United States Embassy in Moscow protesting the
Soviet Union's failure to allow their emigration.
February~2 The President transmits to Congress the United
States=Bangledesh agreement on nuclear energy.
February 4 The President calls on Soviet President Brezhnev to
join the United States in negotiations on the reduc-
tion of intermediate-range nuclear forces.
February 8 The President transmits to Congress his FY83 Budget
request.
February 9 The President addresses a joint session of the
Iowa State Legislature in Des Moines; later that day,
addresses a joitg session of the Indiana .State
Legislature in Indianapolis.
February 10 The President sends to the Congress an annual Econo-
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mic Report of the President and the Economic Report
of the Council of Economic Advisers.
February 18 Nationally televised Presidential news conference.
February 24 The President addresses the Permanent Council of the
Organization of American States outlining his
Caribbean Basin Initiative.
February 26 The President speaks at the Conservative Political
Action Conference dinner in Washington, D.C.
March 1' The President transmits to Congress an annual re-
port on the state of small business, meets with
Small Business Leaders.
March 1 The President announces he will not ask Congress to
accelerate the schedule of partial natural gas de=
control in 1982.
March 3 The President speaks at the Los Angeles County Board
of Supervisors' Town Meeting in Los Angeles.
March 11 The President transmits to Congress a report stating
the continuation of a policy of nuclear non=pro-
liferation and peaceful nuclear cooperation as re-
quired by the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978.
March 15 The President addresses a joint session of the
Alabama State Legislature in Montgomery; later that
addresses a joint session of the Tennessee State
Legislature in Nashville.
March 16 The President makes an address before a joint session
of the Oklahoma State Legislature in Oklahoma City.
March 17 The President transmits to Congress the ,Caribbean
Basin Economic Recovery Act.
March 20 The President vetoes Standby Petroleum Allocation
legislation.
March 22 The President signs into law a House resolution
calling on the Soviet Union to cease its repressive
actions against Soviet citizens who want to emigrate
or practice religious or cultural traditions.
March 23 The President transmits to Congress the Enterprise
Zone Tax Act to establish an experimental program
for economically depressed urban areas:
March 23 The President receives the Charles Evans Hughes Gold
Medal for Courageous. leadership in Governmental,
Civic and Human Affairs" from the National Con-
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ference of Christians and Jews; awaraea r.o only four
Presidents and 13 Americans.
March 24 The Senate votes to sustain the President's March
20th veto.
March 31 The President sends a letter to government officials
in E1 Salvador congratulating them on their success-
ful first national election.
March 31 Nationally televised Presidential news conference
April 2
Argentina
invades the Falkland Islands.
April 2 The President issues an Executive Order prescrib=
d 1 'f in
si
April 8
April 10
April 13
April 14
April 15
April 15
April 17
April 23
y g
ing a uniform system for classifying, ec as
and safeguarding national security information.
The President makes a radio address to the nation
about the Economic Recovery Program, first in new
series of weekly radio addresses.
The President speaks at the AFL-CIO, Building and
Construction Trades Department annual legislative
conference in Washinton, D.C.
The President departs for Jamaica and Barbados.
Secretary of State Alexander Haig begins a Falkland
Islands diplomatic mission; holds preliminary dis-
cussions with British and Argentine officials.
The President makes a radio address to the nation
about the Caribbean Basin Initiative and student
loans.
Secretary of State Haig ends Falkland Islands
diplomatic talks due to the failure of Great Britain
and Argentina to reach a compromise.
The President signs an Executive order establishing
the Presidential Commission on Drunk Driving.
Secretary of State Haig resumes the Falkland
Islands diplomatic mission.
The President speaks at a meeting of the National
Catholic Education Association in Chicago.
The President makes a radio address to the nation
about nuclear arms negotiations.
The President signs an Executive Order establishing
the President's Task Force on Victims of Crime.
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 April 24
April 25
April 26
April 27
April 29
April 30
May 1
May 1
May 1
May 3
May 4
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The President makes a radio address to the nation
about taxes, interest rates and tuition tax credits.
Israel successfully completes its withdrawal from
the Sinai Pennisula.
The President speaks at the annual meeting of the
U.S. Chamber of Commerce in Washington, D.C.
The President meets with National Service Organi=
zation leaders to discuss Private Sector Initiatives.
The President makes a nationally televised address
to the nation about the FY X83 budget.
The United States imposes limited sanctions against
Argentina.
Great Britain and Argentina go to war over the
Falkland Islands.
The President makes a radio address to the nation
about the Economic Recovery Program.
The President speaks at the opening ceremony of the
World's Fair in Knoxville, Tennessee.
The President and Mrs. Reagan visit the Philip Butler
family in College Park Woods, Maryland to express re=
gret for a cross burning on the Butler's front lawn.
The President attends the Republican House/Senate
fundraising dinner "Salute to President Ronald
Reagan" in Washington, D.C.
biay 8 The President makes a radio address to the Nation
about the Economic Recovery Program and unemployment.
May 9 The President addresses the 1982 graduating class
at Eureka College commencement exercises.
May 13 Nationally televised Presidential news conference.
May 15 The President makes a radio address to the Nation
about Armed Forces Day.
May 17
The President transmits to Congress a proposed con=
stitutional amendment to allow voluntary prayer in
public schools.
May 21 The Senate passes the FY '83 Congressional Budget
Resolution.
May 22
The President makes a radio address to the nation
about the federal budget.
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 May 26
May 28
May 29
May 31
May 31
June 2-11
June 2=6
June 5
June 6
June 7
June 7
June 8
June 9
June 9
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The President transmits to Congress a report on the
Sinai Support Mission of U.S. troops.
The President speaks at the Mexican-United States
Interparliamentary Conference in Santa Barbara,
California.
The President makes a radio address to the nation
about the FY X83 Budget and the Western Alliance.
The President speaks at Arlington National Ceme=
tary on Memorial Day.
The governments of the United States and the Soviet
Union agree to begin formal negotiations on reducing
intermediate-range nuclear forces.
The President proclaims July 9, 1982 to be National
P.O.W.- M.I.A. Recognition Day.
The President departs for meetings in Europe.
The President attends the Versailles Economic Summit
Conference in Versailles, France.
The President makes a radio address to the nation
about his trip to Europe from Versailles, France.
Israel invades Lebanon.
The President meets with Pope John Paul II.
The President meets with President Alessandro
Pertini and Prime Minister Spadolini of Italy.
The President addresses members of Parliament in
London, England.
The President addresses the Bundestag in Bonn, Fed-
eral Republic of Germany.
The President asks Congress to provide $20 milllion
to aid victims of the conflict in Lebanon.
The House passes the FY '83 Congressional Budget
Resolution.
The President meets with members of the North
Atlantic Council of NATO at Schaumberg Palace in
the Federal Republic of Germany.
The President speaks in Berlin, goes to Checkpoint
Charlie to view the Berlin Wall.
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June 11 The President returns from Europe.
June 15 There is a cease-fire between Argentina and the
United Kingdom in the Falkland Islands.
June 17 The President speaks before the United Nations
General Assembly during a special session on
disarmament.
June 18 The President announces $10 million in additional
aid to the war-torn country of Lebanon.
June 22 The President transmits to Congress proposed legi=
-~ slation for federal income tax credit for nonpublic
? school tuition.
June 23 Congress approves the FY X83 Congressional Budget
Resolution.
June 23 The President signs a bill making it a crime to
disclose the names of U.S. intelligence agents.
June 24 The President issues an Executive Order establishing
a Federal drug abuse policy and begins a new cam-
paign against drug abuse.
June 24 The President vetoes the FY '82 Supplemental Appro=
priations Bill passed by the House.
June 25 The President vetoes a second FY '82 Supplemental
Appropriations Bill passed by the House.
June 25 Secretary of State Alexander Haig resigns; the
President nominates George P. Schultz to succeed.
June 26 Israel and Lebanon announce a cease-fire and agree to
begin negotiations.
June 29 The President signs into law the longest extension of
the Voting Rights Act in history.
June 30 The President signs an Executive Order establishing
the President's Private Sector Survey on Cost Con-
trol in the Federal Government.
June 30 Nationally televised Presidential news conference.
July 3 The President makes a radio address to the nation
about Independence Lay.
July 4 The President announces his national space policy.
July 12 The President terminates economic sanctions against
Argentina imposed during the Falkland Island dispute.
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July 14 The Administration issues a statement on continued
r
w
I
July 14
July 15
July 18
July 19
July 19
July 20
July 21
July 22
July 23
July 23
July 23
.
a
ran
United States neutrality in the Iraq-
The President issues an Executive Order to provide
for Federal, State and Local government review of
federal programs.
The Senate confirms George P.~Schultz as Secretary
of State.
The President signs into law the FY X82 Supplemental
Appropriations bill.
The President signs into law an Urgent Supplemental
Appropriations Act.
The President speaks at the Balanced Budget Amend=
ment rally at the Capitol.
The President attends a reception marking formation
of the James S. Brady Presidential foundation.
The House approves funds for the production of the
MX Missile.
The President signs the Small Business Innovation
Development Act of 1982.
Murray L. Weidenbaum resigns as Chairman of the
Council of Economic Advisers.
The President signs into law the Federal Employees
Flexible and Compressed Work Schedules Act of 1982.
The President sends a letter to Members of the House
of Representatives asking for support for a biparti-
san strategic arms reduction resolution and not a .
nuclear freeze resolution.
July 28 Nationally televised Presidental news conference.
July 30 The Administration announces a one year extension of
the United States-Soviet Grain Sales Agreement.
August 2 The President meets with Israeli Foreign Minister
Yitzhak Shamir to discuss the conflict in Lebanon.
August 2 The President speaks at the National Corn Grower's
Annual Convention in Des Moines, Iowa.
August 3 The President speaks at the Centennial Meeting of
the Supreme Council of the Knights of Columbus in
Hartford, Connecticut.
August 3 The President signs the Energy Emergency Prepared-
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ness Act of 1982.
August 4 The Senate passes the Balanced Budget Amendment.
August 5 The House passes a strategic arms reduction reso=
lution supported by the President.
August 6 The President nominates Martin Feldstein to be
Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers.
August 6 The Administration announces an agreement on
European exports of steel to the United States
August 16, The President makes a nationally televised address
to the nation on the Tax Equity and Fiscal Respon-
sibility Act.
August 17 The Administration and China issue a joint statement
on arm sales to Taiwan.
August 19 Congress passes the Tax Equity and Fiscal Respon=
sibility Act.
August 20 The President announces his approval of the deploy-
ment of United States forces in Beirut, Lebanon as
part of a multinational force to assist in the
withdrawal of the PLO from Lebanon.
August 23 The President congratulates Bashir Gemayel, newly e-
lected President of Lebanon.
August 24 The President sends a report to the Speaker of the
House and President of the Senate on the deployment .
of U.S. forces in Lebanon.
August 26 The President transmits to Congress an alternate plan
for federal civilian pay increases of four percent.
August 27 The President announces the formation of the White
House Coordinating Council on ti~~omen.
August 28 The President vetoes the Supplemental Appropria-
tions Bill for Federal programs and agencies.
August 28 The President makes a radio address to the nation
on the national economy.
September 1 The President makes a nationally televised address
to the nation about United States policy for peace
in the Middle East.
September 4 The President makes a radio address to the nation
about Labor Day.
September 7 The President presents Ambassador Philip C. Habib
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with the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
September 8 The President sends a letter to the Speaker of the
House and President of the Senate calling for
United States readiness to extend credit to Mexico.
September 9 The President signs into law the Cumberland Island
Wilderness Area and Crater Lake National Park Bill;
designates the first wilderness area granted
statutory protection during the Administration.
September 9 The President speaks at a Kansas Republican Party
fundraising luncheon in Topeka.
September 9 The House overrides the President's veto of the
Supplemental Appropriations Bill.
September 10 The Senate overrides the President's veto of the
Supplemental Appropriations Bill.
September 10 The President speaks at the Utah Republican Party
Picnic in Hooper.
September 11 The President makes a radio address to the nation
about crime and criminal justice reform.
September 13 The President transmits to Congress the Criminal
Justice Reform Act of 1982 to strengthen society's
defenses against crime in America.
September 13 The President sends a message to Congress proposing
. September 13
September 14
additions to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers and
National Wilderness Preservation Systems totalling
245 miles of rivers and 21,000 acres of wilderness.
The President issues an Executive Order establishing
the President's National Security Telecommunications
Advisory Committee.
The President makes a statement condemning the
assasination of Bashir Gemayel, President=elect of
Lebanon.
September 15 The President speaks at the National Black Republi-
can Council dinner in YJashington, D.C.
September 16 The President instructs Congress to convene in a
special session following the November elections
to pass regular appropriations bills for FY '83.
September 17 The President speaks at the San Gennaro Festival
attended by New Jersey Republican candidates.
September 18 The President makes a radio address to the nation
about prayer in schools.
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September 20 The President makes a nationally televised address
to the nation announcing the formation of a new
multinational peacekeeping force in Lebanon.
September 22 The President meets with Black college and university
Presidents; announces a stepped-up plan to increase
participation of these institutions in Federal
programs.
September 22 The President announces the formation of the Cabinet
Council on Management and Administration.
September 22 The President submits to Congress the National Debt
th Treasur Depart-
l
September 22
September 22
September 25
September 28
September 29
October 1
October 2
October 4
October 7
October 8
October 9
October 11
October 12
owing e y
Retirement Act of 1982 al
ment to use the proceeds from the sale of Federal
property to retire the national debt.
The President signs into law a Senate Joint Reso=
lution ending a 4 day railway strike.
The President sends a letter of congratulations to
Amin Gemayel, the President-elect of Lebanon.
The President makes a radio address to the nation
about the economy.
Nationally televised Presidential news conference.
The President speaks at a State Republican Party
Rally in Richmond, Virginia.
The House defeats the Balanced Budget Amendment.
The President makes a radio address to the nation
about the federal drug policy.
The President speaks at a reception for the Bud Brown
for Governor campaign in Columbus, Ohio.
The President speaks at a State Republican Party
Rally in Reno, Nevada.
The President signs into law the Export Trading
Company Act of 1982.
The President makes a radio address to the nation
about Solidarity and U.S. relations with Poland.
The President speaks at a Statewide Republican
Candidates Rally in Irving, Texas.
The President signs into law the Missing Children
Act to help parents trace missing children.
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October 12 The President signs into law the Victim and Witness
Protection Act of 1982.
October 13 The President signs into law the Job Training
Partnership Act; will train more than one million
Americans a year in skills for private sector jobs.
October 13 The President makes a nationally televised address
to the nation about the economy.
October 14 The President speaks via satellite from Washington,
D.C. to eleven campaign events across the nation.
October 14 The President signs into law student aid legislation.
October 14 The President announces Federal initiatives against
drug trafficking and organized crime.
October 14 The President signs into law the Veterans Compensa=
tion, Education and Employment Amendments of 1982,
providing a 7.4 percent cost-of-living increase to
2.3 million disabled veterans.
October 15 The President makes a radio address to the nation
about agriculture and grain exports.
October 15 The President signs into law the Garn-St Germain
Depository Institutions Act of 1982.
October 15 The President signs into law the FY '83 Niilitary Con-
struction Appropriation Act providing budget authori-
ty of $7.0 billion for vitally needed military
facilities in the U.S. and Europe. .
October 16 The President makes a radio address to the nation
about the economy.
October 18 The President signs into law the Coastal Barriers
Resources Act saving taxpayers millions of dollars
while preserving undeveloped coastal lands.
October 20 The President speaks at a rally for Republican Party
candidates in Peoria, Illinois.
October 21 The President speaks at a State Republican Party
Rally in Omaha, Nebraska.
October 22 The President signs into law a bill giving Amerasian
children the right to claim American citizenship.
October 23 The President makes a radio address to the nation
about economic and budget issues.
October 25 The President signs into law a bill establishing a
grant program to encourage States to establish pro-
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October 25
October 26
October 28
grams to reduce or eliminate drunk driving.
The President signs into law a bill which estab-
lishes the White House Conference on Productivity.
The President speaks at a State Republican Party
Rally in Raleigh, North Carolina.
The President speaks at State Republican Party
Rallies in Great Falls, Montana and Las Vegas,
Nevada.
October 29 The President speaks at a State Republican Party
.. Rallies in Salt Lake City, Utah and Roswell,
New Mexico.
October 30 The President makes a radio address to the nation
about the Economic Recovery Program.
November 5 Secretary of Energy James B. Edwards resigns; the
President appoints Donald P. Hodel.
November 6 The President makes a radio address to the nation
about the Congressional agenda and the economy.
November 10 Second anniversary of Solidarity.
November 11 Death of Soviet President Leonid Brezhnev.
November 11 Nationally televised Presidential news conference.
November 13 The President makes a radio address to the nation
about East-West trade relations.
November 19 The President lifts sanctions against U.S. and for=
eign companies for selling U.S. developed technology
for use in the construction of the Soviet-Western .
Europe natural gas pipeline.
November 20 The President makes a radio address to the nation
about international free trade.
November 20 The President issues an Executive Order establish-
ing the International Private Enterprise Task Force;
will advise on the role of private enterprise in the
implementation of programs under the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961.
November 22 The President announces his MX basing decision.
November 22 The President makes a nationally televised address
to the nation about arms reduction and deterrence.
November 27 The President makes a radio address to the nation
about the highway and bridge repair program.
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November 29
November 30
November 30-
December 4
December 4
December 9
December 9
December 10
The President speaks at the IJational League of
Cities annual convention in Los Angeles.
The President submits to Congress legislation for
a highway and bridge repair program.
The President departs for meetings in Latin America
--visits Brazil, Costa Rica, Columbia and Honduras.
The President makes a radio address to the-nation
about the Caribbean Basin Initiative.
The President announces the Administration's pro=
posal of an agriculture payment-in-kind program
to address the problem of surplus commodities.
The President speaks at a dinner honoring the
Republican majority in the Senate in Washinton, D.C.
The President proclaims December 12, 1982 to be a
Day of Solidarity and Prayer for Poland.
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PRESIDENTIAL MEETI~;GS V1ITH FOREIGN LEADERS
(January 21, 1982 through December 15, 1982)
In his first 23 months in office, Presi6ent~Reagan met with leaders
from 55 countries throughout the world. His travels took him to 11
countries -- eight in the Americas and three in Europe -- and the
Vatican.
STATE-VISIT (16 total)
February 26, 1981
May 7, 1981
May 21, 1981
June 30, 1981
August 5, 1981
September 9, 1981
Cctober 13, 1981
November 2, 1981
November 17 , 1981
February 3, 1982
riarch 25, 1982
April 19, 1982
May 12, 1982
July 29, 1982
September 16, 1982
October 12, 1982
November 15, 1982
December 7, 1982
Prime Minister Thatcher
Prime Minister Suzuki
Chancellor Schmidt
Prime Minister Fraser
President Sadat
Prime Minister Begin
King Carlos
King Hussein
President Herrera
President Mubarak
President Pertini
Queen Beatrix
President Fiqueiredo
Prime Minister Ghandi
President Marcos
President Soeharto
Chancellor Helmut.Kohl
President Zia
Great Britain
Japan
Germany
Australia
Egypt
Israel
Spain
Jordan
Venezuela
Egypt
Italy
Netherlands
Brazil
India
Philippines
Indonesia
Germany
Pakistan
WORKING VISITS (22 total)
January 28, 1981
February 2, 1981
June 9, 1981
June 19, 1981
July 10, 1981
July 24, 1981
September 25, 1981
October 6, 1981
January 5, 1982
February 17, 1982
March 12, 1982
April 29, 1982
May 19, 1982
June 21, 1982
July 21, 1982
July 26, 1982
August 17, 1982
Prime Minister Seaga
President Chun
President Portillo
Prime Minister Lee
Prime Minister Trudeau
Prime Minister Muldoon
President Moi
Prime Minister Prem
Chancellor Schmidt
Prime Minister Martens
President Mitterand
Prime Minister Mzali
King Hassan
Prime Minister Begin
Prime Minister Lee
President Ahiyo
General Doe
Jamaica
Korea
Mexico
Singapore
Canada
New Zealand
Kenya
Thailand
Germany
Belgium
France
Tunisia
N,orocco
Israel
Singapore
Cameroon
Liberia
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September 8, 1982
October 19, 1982
October 22, 1982
November 3, 1982
December 15, 1982
(Scheduled)
President Vigdis
President Gemayel
King Hassan
Prime Minister Spadolini
Prime Minister Balsemeo
Iceland
Lebanon
Morocco
Italy
Portugal
i`dEETINGS~AND~COURTESY CALLS (82 total)
February 12, 1981
February 12, 1981
February 24, 1981
February 25, 1981
February 28, 1981
March 9, 1981
March 17, 1981
March 19, 1981
March 20, 1981
March 24, 1981
April 16, 1981
April 30, 1981
May 1-2 , 1981
May 5, 1981
May 8, 1981
May 15, 1981
hiay 15 , 1981
May 22, 1981
June 5, 1981
June 8, 1981
June 11, 1981
June 15, 1981
June 15, 1981
July 9, 1981
August 6, 1981
September 15, 1981
September 16, 1981
September 17, 1981
September 17, 1981
September 17, 1981
September 21, 1981
September 24-25, 1981
September 25, 1981
October 2, 1981
October 8, 1981
October 16, 1981
October 16, 1981
November 3, 1981
November 3, 1981
November 12, 1981
November 18, 1981
November 20, 1981
Foreign Minister Colombo
Dep. Prime Minister Zawawi
Foreign Minister Shamir
For. Min. Francois-Poncet
Prime Minister Thatcher
Foreign Minister Genscher
President-elect Viola
Ambassador Chai
Former Prime Minister
Foreign Minister Ito
Secretary General of NATO
Secretary General Waldheim
Prince Charles
Ambassador Evron
Prime Minister Suzuki
Prime Minister Botha
Foreign Minister Andrei
Chancellor Schmidt
Foreign Minister Cheysson
President Portillo
Middle Eastern Ambassadors
Ambassador Taylor
President Bongo
Foreign Minister Llorca
President Sadat
Mayor von Weizsacker
Patriarch Khoraiche
President d'Estaing
Prime Minister Trudeau
President Portillo
President Duarte
Prince Bandar
President b4oi
Vice President
Ambassador
Prime Minister Jugnauth
Chancellor Helmut Kohl
King Hussein
Iakovos of Greek Orthodox
Foreign Minister Stray
President Herrera
President Nimeiri
Italy
Oman
Israel
France
Great Britain
Germany
Argentina
China
Japan
Japan
The U.N.
Great Britain
Israel
Japan
South Africa
Romania
Germany
France
Mexico
Canada
Gabonese Republic
Spain
Egypt
Berlin
Antioch
France
Canada
Mexico
E1 Salvador
Saudi Arabia
Kenya
Egypt
Egypt
Mauritius
Germany
Jordan
Church
Norway
Venezuela
Sudan
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November 22, 1981
December 1, 1981
December 8, 1981
December 15, 1981
December 18, 1981
December 18, 1981
December 27, 1981
January 14, 1982
January 18, 1982
February 4, 1982
February 23, 1982
March 9, 1982
Niarch 11, 1982
A4arch~ 17 , 1982
March 18, 1982
tilarch 22, 1982
March 22, 1982
March 25, 1982
Niarch 29 , 1982
April 16, 1982
May 17, 1982
June 15, 1982
June 16, 1982
June 22, 1982
June 23, 1982
June 30, 1982
July 14, 1892
July 20, 1982
July 26; 1982
July 30, 1982
August 2, 1982
August 10, 1982
October 1, 1982
October 5, 1982
October 18, 1982
November 4, 1982
November 7, 1982
November 12, 1982
December 13, 1982
King Gustav
President Diobutu
President Kyprianou
Secretary of State Casaroli
Ambassador
Foreign Minister
Ambassador Spasowski
Secretary General
Minister Abe
Ambassador Petrigani
Esaki
Foreign Minister Genscher
President Siad Barre
Prime Minister Haughey
Parliament Member Strauss
For. Minister Sakurauchi
Premier Swan
Latin American Foreign Min
Defense Minister Ghazala
Islamic Ambassadors
Prime Minister Fraser
President Omar Bongo
Foreign Minister Ali
President Monge
Prime Minister Thatcher
President Toure
President Suazu
Foreign Minister
General Jusuf
Foreign Minister
Foreign Minister
Peres
President
Patriarch
King Olav
of Syria
Ali
Shamir
Espriella
Diodorus
President Monge
Prince Phillip
Foreign Minister Ali
Prime Minister Schluter
Foreign Travel (7 total)
March 10-11, 1981
July 19-21, 1981
Cctober 21-24, 1981
April 7-11, 1982
June 2-11, 1982
October 8, 1982
November 30 - December 4, 1982
Sweden
Zaire
Cyprus
Vatican
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
Poland
The U.N.
Japan
Italy
Japan
Germany
Somalia
Ireland
Germany
Japan
Bermuda
isters
Egypt
Australia
Gabonese Republic
Egypt
Costa Rica
Great Britain
Guinea
Honduras
and Saudi Arabia
Indonesia
Egypt
Israel
Israel
Panama
Norway
Costa Rica
Great Britain
Egypt
Denmark
Canada
Canada
Mexico
Jamaica, Barbado:~
France, Italy,
Vatican, Great
Britain, Germany
1~Iexico
Brazil, Colombia
Costa Rica
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