CONGRESS AND THE CIA A HANDBOOK ON STRUCTURE AND RELATIONSHIPS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85B01152R000700980001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 36
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 29, 2007
• Sequence Number: 1
• Content Type: REPORT

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Preface
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A Handbook on Structure and Relationships
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Director, Office of External Affairs
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This handbook was prepared by the Legislative Liaison Division
of the Office of External Affairs to familiarize employees with
the Congress, the staff function, the Oversight process and the
responsibilities of CIA to the Congress. Although some sections
of the handbook are deliberately cast at the "primer" level, other
sections attempt to get deeper into the relationship between the
Congress and the Agency. It is hoped it will be particularly use-
ful to those employees who are called on to brief various Members
and staffs of the Committees and Subcommittees who handle Agency
affairs.
STAT
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CONTENTS
Tab
MEET THE CONGRESS ................................................................................ I
HOW A BILL BECOMES LAW .................................................................... II
FUNDING PROCESS ...................................................................................... III
OVERSIGHT PROCESS .................................................................................. IV
COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP ...................................................................... V
COMMITTEE STAFF STRUCTURE ............................................................ VI
THE ROLE OF THE BRIEFER ...................................................................... VII
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION .......................................................... VIII
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ff. CONGRESS
MEET 7 HE CONGRESS
The United States Congress is bicameral, that is, composed of two chambers: the
Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate is comprised of 100 members
or two per state, who serve six-year terms. One-third of the Senate comes up for re-
election every two years. The terms of Senators from each state are arranged so that
both Senators' terms do not expire at the same time.
Representation in the House of Representatives is proportional to a state's
population, with each state having at least one Representative. All Representatives
serve two-year terms; there are 435 voting Representatives, a figure established by
the Congress in 1910. There are also five non-voting members elected to represent the
District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, Samoa and the Virgin Islands. The Census
figures determine the number of seats apportioned to each state and these seats
change as the population per state increases or decreases.
Committee Stiructuire
Committees provide the fundamental structure for the division of labor within
Congress. The Senate and House have almost identical committee titles and
structure. The Senate has 16 standing or permanent committees and the House has
22. There are also various special or select committees.
The House and Senate Select Intelligence Committees are of particular
importance to the Central Intelligence Agency, not only because of their oversight re-
sponsibilities for CIA activities, but also their authority to submit proposals for
legislation which directly affect the Agency.
The Senate and House Appropriations Committees are also important because
of their oversight role and their power to appropriate funds for all programs requested
in the Agency budget.
The CIA also works closely with the House Foreign Affairs and Senate Foreign
Relations Committees, and the House and Senate Armed Services Committees.
Members of committees are chosen by respective party caucuses. The ratio of
majority party members to minority party members is determined at the beginning of
each session of Congress and is based on the ratio that exists for the entire
membership of each Chamber.
The majority member having the most years of service on a committee usually is
designated Chairman; the most senior member of the minority party on a committee
is designated ranking minority member. Subcommittee Chairmanship and member-
ship is designated in a similar manner.
Each committee and subcommittee employs professional staffs to advise and
counsel the members.
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Party Leadership
The majority party holds overriding influence on matters in each house of
Congress. The Speaker of the House is formally elected to be the House's presiding
officer; he is the single most powerful individual in the House and plays an influential
and active role in shaping and directing its activities. He appoints all special, select,
and conference committees; and refers bills to appropriate standing committees.
Next in line, the Majority Floor Leader is selected by the party caucus and is re-
sponsible for managing the House's formal legislative agenda. The Majority Whip is
appointed by the Speaker and is responsible for counting advance votes, persuading
Members how to vote, and assuring the presence of Members when voting occurs.
The Minority Leader is selected by the minority party caucus and is the spokesman
for the minority issues. The Minority Whip has the same function with respect to mi-
nority membership as the Majority Whip.
In the Senate, titular leadership is embodied in the President of the Senate (the
Vice-President of the U.S.) and in the President Pro Tempore who acts in the
President's absence. The President Pro Tempore is usually the dean of the Senate (the
senior senator of the Majority party).
The real leadership of the Senate lies with the Majority Leader. Generally, he
performs most of the same functions as the Speaker and Majority Leader of the
House, except he is not the presiding officer. The Senate also has a Majority Whip,
elected by the caucus, and a Minority Leader and Minority Whip. Their functions
are the same as their counterparts in the House.
Each party in each chamber has a Caucus Chairman who has a great deal of in-
fluence in determining party positions on issues.
Office of the Speaker
Rep. Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., (D., MA)
Office of the Majority Leader
Rep. James C. Wright, Jr., (D., TX)
Office of the Minority Leader
Rep. Robert H. Michel, (R., IL)
Office of the Majority Whip
Rep. Thomas S. Foley, (D., WA)
Office of the Minority Whip
Rep. Trent Lott, (R., MS)
Majority Leader of the Senate
Sen. Howard H. Baker, Jr., (R., TN)
Minority Leader of the Senate
Sen. Robert C. Byrd, (D., WV))
Majority Whip of the Senate
Sen. Ted Stevens (R., AK)
Minority Whip of the Senate
Sen. Alan Cranston, (D., CA)
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iLo
HOW A BILL BECOMES LAW
The legislative process is long and difficult. Congress can act quickly on occasion
but most bills must pass through many decision points to become law. By stressing
protection of the minority, the legislative process gives all sides a chance to be heard.
Committees, groups or individuals can delay, defeat or change a proposal through
amendment. This may result in the marked improvement of a bill before it becomes
law or the defeat of a bad proposal, or it may produce legislative inertia.
llnta?oallaucing a Il$ulli
Any member can introduce a bill when his respective House is in session. Upon
introduction, bills are numbered in sequence and referred to the appropriate
committees.
Committee Action - Overview
Upon receiving a bill, the Committee Chairman may refer it to a subcommittee
for initial consideration or handle it at the full committee level. In either case, the
same procedures are followed. The committee may examine the proposal in depth;
pass it without delay; or, as is the case with most legislation, take no action at all. In
the latter case, the bill "dies" and goes no further in the legislative process.
Hearings
Hearings are a fact-finding tool. The information received from the hearings
help determine the impact the bill might have if passed into law. Committee members
in turn use the information by witnesses to act as informed lawmakers.
Mark-up
With the facts in hand the committee "marks-up" the bill, i.e., draws up the fi-
nal language. Though normally open to the public, no testimony is allowed. Bills con-
taining classified information are handled separately with complete security and
confidentiality. Members consider amendments, add or delete certain provisions, and
bargain over final language. If the bill's content is significantly changed, they draw
up a "clean" bill with a new number.
Report
The committee report is the most valuable document in a bill's legislative history
and is the accepted expression of the intent of Congress in passing the bill. Following
mark-up, if a committee votes to send a bill to the House or Senate floor, the staff
prepares a committee report. It:
a. gives the purpose and scope of the bill;
b. explains the committee amendments;
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c. states proposed changes in existing law;
d. analyzes the bill section by section;
e. includes views from department and agencies whose comments were
solicited;
f. estimates cost; and
g. gives supplemental supporting and minority dissenting views.
Classified information pertaining to the bill is contained in a classified annex and
is only made available to Members and to appropriately cleared staffs in secure
chambers. All Members have access to classified information but generally the "need
to know" principle is observed.
Once the committee reports a bill, it is placed on the calendar. From this,
"minor" measures are called up by unanimous consent in sequential order. They are
enacted with little or no debate. Major legislation in the House passes through the
Rules Committee which acts as a traffic cop, allowing certain bills to the floor first
and keeping others out altogether. The "rule" reported by the Rules Committee
determines when the bill will be considered, the length of the debate, and the extent
to which the bill can be amended. In the Senate, all bills are called to the floor by
unanimous consent. Debate is unlimited. For major bills, however, the party
leadership and key Senators often decide upon a "unanimous consent time control
agreement. " This may specify the floor managers of the bill, limit debate on certain
amendments, prohibit nongermane amendments, and determine the exact time a bill
will be brought up for final passage.
Debate procedures differ slightly between the House and Senate. Generally
proponents and opponents share equal time to present their views. Amendments may
then be offered and voted on. Before the final vote, opponents may offer certain par-
liamentary motions to obstruct final passage. For example, a motion to postpone will
delay the final vote until a later date; a motion to recommit refers the bill back to the
committee which reported it. Recommittal usually "kills" the bill, unless specific
instructions for change have been given. Barring these, the bill is voted on as
amended.
Once passed by either the House or the Senate, a bill is sent to the other
chamber where the above process is usually repeated. Four things may result:
1) the bill is defeated;
2) the bill is approved without amendment and sent to the President;
3) the bill is amended and passed. It is then sent back to the original chamber
with a request that they concur;
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4) the receiving chamber, having already acted on a similar measure of its
own, passes the bill after substituting its own language and retaining only the
other chambers bill number. This is called "passage in lieu." The measure then
goes to a conference committee.
Both Houses must pass a bill in identical form before sending it to the President
for signature. When House and Senate versions differ, a conference committee meets
to reconcile the differences. Presiding officers in each House appoint the conferees
from among the ranking members of the committees which hold original jurisdiction
over the legislation. Only those sections where differences exist may be considered by
the conferees, no new language may be added, and budget estimates must fall
between the two original figures. Once conferees reach an agreement, the staff
prepares a conference report explaining the new compromise language or figures. The
report is sent back to each chamber and voted on. If supported, it is made ready for
the President. If rejected, a further conference is usually requested.
Presidential Consit Ieration
The President has ten days to sign or veto the measure. If he takes no action
within that period, the bill automatically becomes law. If the final adjournment of a
Congress occurs before the President has acted, the bill is "pocket-vetoed" and dies.
When the President vetoes a measure, he returns it to the originating chamber with
his objections. That chamber can override the veto with a two-thirds majority vote. If
the attempt fails, the bill dies. If it succeeds, the measure goes to the other chamber.
A second successful override vote makes it law.
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This graphic shows the most typical way in which proposed legislation is Each bill must be passed by both houses of Congress in identical form before
enacted into law. There are more complicated, as well as simpler, routes, and it can become law. The path of HR 1 is traced by a solid line, that of S 2 by a
most bills fall by the wayside and never become law. The process is illustrated broken line. However, in practice most legislation begins as similar proposals
with two hypothetical bills, House bill N1o.1(HR 1) and Senate bill No. 2 (S 2). in both houses.
cco- TTECz
ACT Of 1
,puuuumvy
HR 1
INTRODUCED
IN HOUSE
REFERRED TO
HOUSE COMMITTEE
REFERRED TO
SUBCOMMITTEE
REPORTED BY
FULL COMMITTEE
RULES COMMITTEE
ACTION
FLOOR ACTMM
U
HOUSE DEBATE,
VOTE ON PASSAGE
K
nnuuuluuI
Bill goes to full committee, then usually to
specialized subcommittee for study, hearings,
revisions, approval. Then bill goes back to full
committee where more hearings and revision
may occur. Full committee may approve bill and
recommend its chamber pass the proposal. Com-
mittees rarely give bill unfavorable report; rather,
no action is taken, thereby killing it.
In House, many bills go before Rules Committee
for "rule" expediting floor action, setting con-
ditions for debate and amendments on floor.
Some bills are "privileged" and go directly to
floor. Other procedures exist for noncontroversial
or routine bills. In Senate, special "rules" are not
used; leadership normally schedules action.
Bill is debated, usually amended, passed or
defeated. If passed, it goes to other chamber to
follow the same route through committee and
floor stages. (If other chamber has already
passed related bill, both versions go straight to
conference.)
S2
INTRODUCED
IN SENATE
kl
COMMI GTTEE
AOMOON
REFERRED TO
SENATE COMMITTEE
REFERRED TO
SUBCOMMITTEE
REPORTED BY
FULL COMMITTEE
V V
FLOOR AOMMOI
SENATE DEBATE,
VOTE ON PASSAGE
'"npnl npnnlnnnnDnnnnnlnu-neCnpnnnunn
OONF[ G EMC AOTOOM
Once both chambers have passed
related bills, conference committee of
members from both houses is formed
to work out differences.
Compromise version from conference is sent to each
chamber for final approval.
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01/111111IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIpII
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Compromise version approved by both houses is sent to President who can either sign it into law or veto it and return it to Congress.
Congress may override veto by a two-thirds majority vote in both houses; bill then becomes law without President's signature.
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I[lR.
FUNDRNG PROCESS
The funding process is a two-step procedure in Congress-the passage of an
authorization bill and the passage of an appropriations bill.
An authorization bill is a regular House (H.R.) or Senate (S) bill which
establishes or continues a federal program or agency. This bill usually puts a ceiling
on money that can be used to finance a program or agency and a limit on the number
of years for which the money is available.
Before money can be spent, however, Congress must pass an appropriations bill
providing the money approved in the authorization bills. An appropriations bill need
not appropriate the entire amount authorized but the bill cannot appropriate more
than the amount in the authorization bills. Exceptions are dealt with on an ad hoc ba-
sis. The Defense Subcommittee of both Appropriations Committees has jurisdiction
over the CIA budget.
Generally all Appropriations bills originate in the House of Representatives.
Although the Constitution provides that Congress must pass appropriations bills
before federal funds can be spent, neither the Constitution nor federal law require
that authorization bills be passed. However, it is a general rule that neither House
pass an appropriations bill before an authorization bill has been signed into law.
Another basic rule usually followed is that an Appropriations bill cannot be used
as a vehicle to change existing law nor can an authorization bill contain appropria-
tions language.
The new fiscal year begins October 1st of each year and all appropriations bills
must be completed and signed by the President prior to that date in order for any
money to be released.
In recent years Congress has been unable to meet this deadline and has passed
continuing resolutions which authorize spending based on the rate of the prior year,
the President's budget, or the authorization bill passed by either House.
The Comptroller is responsible for all Agency budget and resource matters.
Each year in January, the Agency submits its annual budget request through the
Intelligence Community Staff to the Oversight and Appropriations Committees of
both Houses. Following submission of the budget, the Comptroller prepares testimony
and accompanies the Executive Director to hearings before the four committees on
the budget request. The Comptroller is also the focal point for responding to written
questions for the record resulting from the hearings and for ad hoc requests for
additional budgetary data.
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The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence was established on May 19, 1976
(94th Congress) as a result of Senate adoption of Senate Resolution 400, which
stemmed from a recommendation by.the Church Committee, "to oversee and make
continuing studies of the intelligence activities and programs of the United States
Government."
Senate Resolution 400 specifically charges that the SSCI,?
o ... oversee and make continuing studies of the intelligence activities and
programs of the United States Government ...";
"submit to the Senate appropriate proposals for legislation ...";
"report to the Senate concerning such intelligence activities and
programs ...";
"assure that the appropriate departments and agencies of the United States
provide informed and timely intelligence necessary for the executive and
legislative branches to make sound decisions affecting the security and vital
interests of the Nation . . ." and,
"provide vigilant legislative oversight over the intelligence activities of the
United States to assure that such activities are in conformity with the
Constitution and laws of the United States."
.Jurisdiction
The SSCI is responsible for:
(1) The CIA and the DCI;
(2) intelligence activities of all other departments and agencies of the
Government, including, but not limited to, the intelligence activities of
DIA, NSA, and other agencies of the DoD, State, Justice, (including the
FBI and its Intelligence Division), and Treasury;
(3) the organization or reorganization of any department or agency of the
Government to the extent that it relates to a function or activity involving
intelligence activities; and
(4) authorizations for appropriations, both direct and indirect, for the above
organizations and activities.
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Members
The SSCI is composed of 15 members, appointed as follows:
two from the Appropriations Committee;
two from the Armed Services Committee;
two from the Foreign Relations Committee;
two from the Judiciary Committee;
seven from the Senate at large.
Members are appointed by the President pro tempore of the Senate upon the rec-
ommendation of the Senate majority and minority leaders. The committee ratio is
eight to seven with the Chairman-a member of the majority party-holding the tie
breaking vote. The SSCI selects a chairman and vice chairman by independent vote
of the majority and minority Members of the full Senate. The vice chairman acts in
the chairman's absence. Each Member in turn is entitled to appoint a staff designee
who will be that Member's primary referent on the Committee.
Barry Goldwater (R., Arizona), Chairman
Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D., New York), Vice Chairman
Daniel K. Inouye (D., Hawaii)
Walter D. Huddleston (D., Kentucky)
Joseph R. Biden (D., Delaware)
Henry M. Jackson (D., Washington)
Patrick J. Leahy (D., Vermont)
Lloyd Bentsen (D. Texas)
Jake Garn (R., Utah)
John H. Chafee (R., Rhode Island)
Richard G. Lugar (R., Indiana)
Malcolm Wallop (R., Wyoming)
David F. Durenberger (R., Minnesota)
William Roth, Jr. (R., Delaware)
William S. Cohen (R., Maine)
Robert C. Byrd (D., West Virginia), ex officio member
Howard H. Baker, Jr. (R., Tennessee), ex officio member
The following Members will rotate off the Committee at the end of the 98th
Congress:
Daniel Patrick Moynihan
Daniel K. Inouye
Lloyd Bentsen
Walter D. Huddleston (end of 1st session)
Joseph R. Biden (end of 1st session)
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SSCR Staff
The SSCI operates on the staff level through a system of "designees." Each
member appoints a designee who serves at the pleasure of the Member and is
responsible for handling his Member's intelligence portfolio. Of the staffers listed
below, four have access to information concerning special activities: Staff Director
Robert R. Simmons, Minority Staff Director Gary Schmitt, Robert Butterworth, and
Larry Kettlewell.
Administration
Robert R. Simmons Staff Director
Gary Schmitt Minority Staff Director
Dorthea Roberson Chief Clerk
Victoria Toensing
Peter M. Sullivan
Charles N. Andreae
Sam Bouchard
Robert Butterworth
Robin Cleveland
Angelo M. Codevilla
Thomas A. Connolly
John T. Elliff
Jean Evans
Daniel Finn
Stephen Flanagan
Keith Hall
Larry Kettlewell
Herbert M. Kline
Edward P. Levine
Michael F. Mattingly
Eric Newson
Stephen E. Ward
James H. Dykstra
Chief Counsel
Minority Counsel
Designee for Senator Lugar
Designee for Senator Goldwater
Designee for Senator Jackson
Professional Staff Member
Designee for Senator Wallop
Designee for Senator Biden
Designee for Senator Huddleston
Professional Staff Member
Designee for Senator Inouye
Professional Staff Member
Budget Officer
Designee for Senator Chafee
Senior Budget Officer
Designee for Senator Durenberger
Designee for Senator Roth
Designee for Senator Leahy
Designee for Senator Bentsen
Designee for Senator Cohen
HPSCI
The House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence was established on July
14, 1977 as a result of House Resolution 658 "to oversee and make continuing studies
of the intelligence and intelligence-related activities and programs of the United
States Government ..."
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House Resolution 658 specifically charges that the HPSCI:
"... oversee and make continuing studies of the intelligence and
intelligence-related activities and programs of the United States
Government ..."
"report to the House concerning such intelligence and intelligence-related
activities and programs . . .";
assure the appropriate departments and agencies of the United States
provide informed and timely intelligence necessary for the executive and
legislative branches to make sound decisions affecting the security and vital
interest of the nation . . ."; and
"provide vigilant legislative oversight over the intelligence and intelligence-
related activities of the United States to assure that such activities are in con-
formity with the Constitution and laws of the United States."
.Unrisdiction .
The HPSCI is responsible for:
(1) The CIA and the DCI;
(2) Intelligence and intelligence-related activities of all other departments and
agencies of the Government, including, but not limited to, the intelligence
and intelligence-related activities of the DIA, NSA and other agencies of
the DoD, State, Justice (including the FBI and its Intelligence Division),
and Treasury.
Members
The HPSCI is composed of 14 Members, appointed as follows:
-at least one from the Appropriations Committee;
-at least one from the Armed Services Committee;
-at least one from the Foreign Affairs Committee;
-at least one from the Judiciary Committee.
The speaker of the House appoints the members each to serve for not, more than
six years. To keep continuity there shall not be more than a one-third turnover every
Congress.
The ratio of Democrats to Republicans is determined in the same manner as for
the other House Committees.
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Current Membership 98th Congress
Edward P. Boland (D., Massachusetts), Chairman
J. Kenneth Robinson, (R., Virginia), Ranking Minority Leader
Clement J. Zablocki (D., Wisconsin)
Romano L. Mazzoli (D., Kentucky)
Norman D. Mineta (D., California)
Wyche Fowler, Jr. (D., Georgia)
Lee H. Hamilton (D., Indiana)
Albert Gore, Jr. (D., Tennessee)
The HPSCI has established three subcommittees to be responsible for Legisla-
tion, Program and Budget Authorization and Oversight and Evaluation.
Mr. Mazzoli chairs the Subcommittee on Legislation.
Mr. Boland chairs the Subcommittee on Program and Budget Authorization.
Mr. Fowler chairs the Subcommittee on Oversight and Evaluation.
The Majority and Minority Leaders of the House are ex officio members of
HPSCI.
I-IPSCI STAFF
The House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence has a staff of 16
professionals, assigned by the Staff Director with concurrence by the Chairman and
Ranking Minority Member, to the Committee as a whole and to individual
Subcommittees as follows:
FULL COMMITTEE STAFF
Thomas K. Latimer
Michael J. O'Neil
Patrick G. Long
Jeanne M. McNally
Sharon D. Leary
Leon S. Fuerth
G. Elizabeth Keyes
Herbert Romerstein
Donna L. Sweeney
Louis Stokes (D., Ohio)
David McCurdy (D., Oklahoma)
G. William Whitehurst (R., Virginia)
C. W. Bill Young (R., Florida)
Bob Stump (R., Arizona)
Staff Director
Chief Counsel
Associate Counsel
Clerk
Asst. Clerk
Professional Staff Member
Professional Staff Member
Professional Staff Member
Secretary
COMMIT IEIE ON LEGISLATION
Bernard Raimo, Jr. Counsel
Steven K. Berry Counsel
Cindy Long Secretary
COMMITTEE ON PROGRAM AND BUDGET AU'I -IORIZATIION
James 0. Bush Senior Professional Staff Member
Martin C. Faga Professional Staff Member
Annette H. Smiley Professional Staff Member
Duane P. Andrews Professional Staff Member
Patricia E. Garber Secretary
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COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND EVALUATION
Richard H. Giza Professional Staff Member
Diane E. LaVoy Professional Staff Member
SECRETARY/REGISTRY
Thomas C. Williams, Jr. Assistant
Elizabeth Ovalline Assistant
Access to information concerning special activities is limited to Latimer, O'Neil,
Long, Romerstein, Giza and Bush.
OBLIGATION TO KEEP INTELLIGENCIE COMMITTEIES INFORMED
In the FY 1981 Intelligence Authorization Act, Congress adopted new provisions
on oversight of intelligence activities (Section 501 of the National Security Act of
1947). These replaced the reporting portion of the Hughes-Ryan Amendment and, for
the first time, imposed a statutory requirement for the agencies to:
a. keep the two oversight committees "fully and currently informed" of all
intelligence activities, including any "significant anticipated intelligence
activity";
b. furnish all information requested by either committee in order to carry out
its authorized responsibility.
These obligations are conditioned by two critical preambular clauses that
preserve the constitutional rights of the President and the right of the agencies to
withhold information for purposes of protecting classified information and informa-
tion about intelligence sources and methods from unauthorized disclosure. The
legislation constitutes an agreement between the Legislative and the Executive
branches to disagree on how much sensitive information will be furnished the
Congress on collection activities. Key points in the interpretation of the Act are as
follows:
a. The Act requires advance notice to the two oversight committees of covert
actions approved by the President under Hughes-Ryan, with two exceptions:
If the President determines it is essential to meet extraordinary circum-
stances affecting vital interests of the U.S., the Agency can limit prior notice
to eight designated Members of Congress (Chairman and Ranking Minority
Member of the two oversight committees and the two leaders of each House).
In even more rare and extraordinary cases, the President may direct that
prior notice be withheld entirely.
b. The right of the committees to prior notice of all significant intelligence ac-
tivities (including clandestine collection activities and Covert Action notification
under the Hughes Ryan Amendment) is subject to the DCI's statutory authority
to protect intelligence sources and methods from unauthorized disclosure.
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Enactment of Section 501 is significant because for the first time since the
establishment of the two oversight committees the obligations of the DCI and those of
"... the heads of all departments, agencies, and other entities of the United States in-
volved in intelligence activities . . ." are codified in law. Enactment of Section 501
marked the culmination of the congressional debate as to whether the Intelligence
Community should be regulated by new statutory charters. It is drafted in such a way
as to allow sufficient maneuverability to the Executive as well as Congressional
Branches should either wish to challenge interpretation of Section 501. To date, the
provision has never been cited by either Branch either in support of a request for in-
formation or a denial of information. It nonetheless is the statutory cornerstone upon
which our relationship with the SSCI and its House counterpart are founded.
Following are the responsibilities of other significant Committees with which the
Agency deals:
Senate Foreign Relations Con unittee
Jurisdiction: (1) Relations of the United States with foreign nations generally; (2)
Treaties and executive agreements, except reciprocal trade agreements; (3) Bound-
aries of the United States; (4) Protection of the United States abroad and expatria-
tion; (5) Intervention abroad and declarations of war; (6) Foreign economic, military,
technical, and humanitarian assistance; (7) United Nations and its affiliated organi-
zations; (8) International conferences and congresses; (9) Diplomatic service; (10)
International law as it relates to foreign policy; (11) Oceans and international
environmental and scientific affairs as they relate to foreign policy; (12) International
activities of the American National Red Cross; (13) International aspects of nuclear
energy, including nuclear transfer policy; (14) Foreign loans; (15) Measures to foster
commercial intercourse with foreign nations and to safeguard American business
interests abroad; (16) The World Bank group, the regional development banks, and
other international organizations established primarily for development assistance
purposes; (17) The International Monetary Fund and other international Organiza-
tions established primarily for international monetary purposes; (18) Acquisition of
land and buildings for embassies and legations of foreign countries; (19) National
security and international aspects of trusteeships of the United States. In addition,
the Committee is mandated to study and review matters relating to the national
security policy, foreign policy, and international economic policy as it relates to
foreign policy of the U.S. and matters relating to food, hunger, and nutrition in
foreign countries, and to report on these matters periodically.
The Committee is made up of 17 members, 9 are republicans and 8 are
democrats. The full Committee is made up of seven subcommittees.
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Jurisdiction: (1) The common defense; (2) The Department of Defense, the
Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the
Air Force, generally; (3) Pay, promotion, retirement, and other benefits and privileges
of members of the Armed Forces, including overseas education of civilian and
military dependents; (4) Military research and development; (5) Selective Service
System; (6) Strategic and critical materials necessary for the common defense; (7)
Aeronautical and space activities peculiar to or primarily associated with the
development of weapons systems or military operations; (8) Maintenance and
operation of the Panama Canal, including administration, sanitation, and government
of the Canal Zone; (9) National security aspects of nuclear energy; (10) Naval
petroleum reserves, except those in Alaska. In addition, the Committee is mandated
to study and review matters relating to the common defense policy of the U.S., and to
report on these matters periodically.
The committee consists of 18 members, 10 are republicans and 8 are democrats.
The Committee is composed of 6 subcommittees.
Senate Appiropiriations Committee
Jurisdiction: (1) Appropriations for support of the Government; (2) Rescissions of
appropriations; (3) Transfers of unexpended balance; (4) Amount of new spending
authority.
The Committee is made up of 29 members, 15 republicans and 14 democrats.
Within the full Committee are thirteen subcommittees, each with jurisdiction
over one of the thirteen regular appropriations bills.
The Senate Committee on Government Affairs and the Senate Judiciary
Committee may also have jurisdiction over certain CIA issues.
House (Foreign Affahrs Committee
Jurisdiction: (1) Relations of the U.S. with foreign nations generally; (2)
Acquisition of land and buildings for embassies and legations in foreign countries; (3)
Establishment of boundary lines between the U.S. and foreign nations; (4) Foreign
loans; (5) International conferences and congresses; (6) Intervention abroad and
declarations of war; (7) Measures relating to diplomatic service; (8) Measures to foster
commercial intercourse with foreign nations and to safeguard American business
interests abroad; (9) Neutrality; (10) Protection of American citizens abroad and
expatriation; (11) The American National Red Cross; (12) United Nations organiza-
tions; (13) Measures relating to international economic policy; (14) Export controls,
including nonproliferation of nuclear technology and nuclear hardware; (15) Interna-
tional commodity agreements (other than those involving sugar); (16) Trading with
the enemy; (17) International education. In addition to its legislative jurisdiction, the
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Committee is mandated to have the special oversight functions with respect to
customs administration, intelligence activities relating to foreign policy, international
financial and monetary organizations, and international fishing agreements.
The Committee is made up of 37 members, 24 democrats and 13 republicans.
Within the full Committee are nine subcommittees made up of members from
the full Committee. Each subcommittee has its own staff that has responsibility for
the issues within the subcommittee's jurisdiction.
House Armed Services Committee
Jurisdiction: (1) Common defense generally; (2) The Department of Defense
generally; (3) Ammunition depots; forts; arsenals; Army, Navy and Air Force
reservations and establishments; (4) Conservation development, and use of naval
petroleum and oil shale reserves; (5) Pay, promotion, and other benefits and privileges
of members of armed forces; (6) Scientific research and development in support of the
armed services; (7) Selective Service; (8) Size and composition of the Army, Navy,
and Air Force; (9) Soldiers' and Sailors' homes; (10) Strategic and critical materials
necessary for the common defense; (11) Military applications of nuclear energy. In
addition to its legislative jurisdiction, the Committee is mandated to have the special
oversight function with respect to international arms control and disarmament, and
military dependents' education.
The Committee is made up of 45 members, 29 democrats and 16 republicans.
There are eight subcommittees within the full Committee's jurisdiction.
The House Judiciary Committee and the House Government Operations
Committee may also have jurisdiction over certain CIA issues.
IF-muse Appropruations Committee
Jurisdiction: (1) Appropriations for support of the Government; (2) Rescissions of
Appropriations; (3) Transfers of unexpected balances; (4) Amount of new spending
authority.
The Committee is made up of 57 members, 36 democrats and 21 republicans.
Within the full committee are thirteen subcommittees, each with jurisdiction
over one of the thirteen regular appropriations bills.
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IV
COMMIITTIEIE ASSIGNM(((ENTS
98th CONGRESS
SENATE
APP( OP118IATIONS
Republicans
Mark O. HATFIELD (OR), Chairman
Ted STEVENS (AK)
Lowell P. WEICKER (CT)
James A. McCLURE (ID)
Paul LAXALT (NV)
Jake GARN (UT)
Thad COCHRAN (MS)
Mark ANDREWS (ND)
James ABDNOR (SD)
Robert W. KASTEN, Jr. (WI)
Alfonse M. D'AMATO (NY)
Mack MATTINGLY (GA)
Warren B. RUDMAN (NH)
Arlen SPECTER (PA)
Pete V. DOMENICI (NM)
Democrats
John C. STENNIS (MS)
Robert C. BYRD (WV)
William PROXMIRE (WI)
Daniel K. INOUYE (HI)
Ernest F. HOLLINGS (SC)
Thomas F. EAGLETON (MO)
Lawton CHILES'(FL)
J. Bennett JOHNSTON (LA)
Walter D. HUDDLESTON (KY)
Quentin N. BURDICK (ND)
Patrick J. LEAHY (VT)
James R. SASSER (TN)
Dennis DeCONCINI (AZ)
Dale BUMPERS (AR)
Majority:
Ted Stevens, Chairman
Lowell Weicker
Jake Garn
James McClure
Thad Cochran
Mark Andrews
Robert Kasten
Alfose D'Amato
Warren Rudman
Minority:
John Stennis
William Proxmire
Daniel Inouye
Ernest Hollings
Thomas Eagleton
Lawton Chiles
J. Bennett Johnson
Walter Huddleston
Staff-
Susan Shekmar
Dwight Dyer
Fred Rhodes
Subcommittee on Foreign Operations
Majority:
Robert Kasten, Chairman
Mark Hatfield
Alfonse D'Amato
Warren Rudman
Arlen Specter
Minority:
Daniel Inouye
J. Bennett Johnston
Patrick Leahy
Dennis DeConcini
Staff?
James Bond
Richard Collins
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IBepubRicans
John G. TOWER (TX)
Strom THURMOND (SC)
Barry GOLDWATER (AZ)
John W. WARNER (VA)
Gordon J. HUMPHREY (NH)
William S. COHEN (ME)
Roger W. JEPSEN (IA)
Dan QUAYLE (IN)
John P. EAST (NC)
Pete WILSON (CA)
Democrats
Henry M. JACKSON (WA)
John C. STENNIS (MS)
Sam NUNN (GA)
Gary HART (CO)
J. James EXON (NE)
Carl M. LEVIN (MI)
Edward M. KENNEDY (MA)
Jeff BINGAMAN (NM)
(FOREIGN RELATIONS
RepubDicans Democrats
Charles H. PERCY (IL) Claiborn PELL (RI)
Howard H. BAKER, Jr. (TN) Joseph R. BIDEN, Jr. (DE)
Jesse HELMS (NC) John H. GLENN, Jr. (OH)
Richard G. LUGAR (IN) Paul S. SARBANES (MD)
Charles McC. MATHIAS, Jr. (MD) Edward ZORINSKY (NE)
Nancy Landon KASSEBAUM (KS) Paul E. TSONGAS (MA)
Rudolph E. BOSCHWITZ (MN) Alan CRANSTON (CA)
Larry PRESSLER (SD) Christopher J. DODD (CT)
Frank H. MURKOWSKI (AK)
SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE
ll epubllicans Democrats
Barry GOLDWATER (AZ), Chairman Daniel P. MOYNIHAN (NY)
Jake GARN (UT)
John H. CHAFEE (RI)
Richard G. LUGAR (IN)
Malcolm WALLOP (WY)
David DURENBERGER (MN)
William V. ROTH, Jr. (DE)
William S. COHEN (ME)
Howard H. BAKER, Jr. (TN),
ex officio
Walter D. HUDDLESTON (KY)
Joseph R. BIDEN (DE)
Daniel K. INOUYE (HA)
Henry M. JACKSON (WA)
Patrick J. LEAHY (VT)
Lloyd BENTSEN (TX)
Robert C. BYRD (WV), ex officio
Republicans
Strom THURMOND (SC), Chairman
Charles McC. MATHIAS, Jr. (MD)
Paul LAXALT (NV)
Orrin G. HATCH (UT)
Robert DOLE (KS)
Alan K. Simpson (WY)
John P. EAST (NC)
Charles E. GRASSLEY (IA)
Jeremiah H. DENTON (AL)
Arlen SPECTER (PA)
Democrats
Joseph R. BIDEN (DE)
Edward M. KENNEDY (MA)
Robert C. BYRD (WV)
Howard M. METZENBAUM (OH)
Dennis DeConcini (AR)
Patrick J. LEAHY (VT)
Max BAUCUS (MT)
Howell T. HEFLIN (AL)
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HOUSE OF REPRESENTATRVES
Jamie L. WHITTEN (MS), Chairman
Edward P. BOLAND (MA)
William H. NATCHER (KY)
Neal SMITH (IA)
Joseph P. ADDABBO (NY)
Clarence D. LONG (MD)
Sidney R. YATES (IL)
David R. OBEY (WI)
Edward ROYBAL (CA)
Louis STOKES (OH)
Tom BEVILL (AL)
Bill CHAPPELL, Jr. (FL)
Bill ALEXANDER (AR)
John P. MURTHA (PA)
Bob TRAXLER (MI)
Joseph D. EARLY (MA)
Charles WILSON (TX)
Lindy BOGGS (LA)
Norman D. DICKS (WA)
Matthew F. McHUGH (NY)
William LEHMAN (FL)
Jack HIGHTOWER (TX)
Martin Olav SABO (MN)
Julian C. DIXON (CA)
Vic FAZIO (CA)
W. G. HEFNER (NC)
Les AuCOIN (OR)
Daniel K. AKAKA (HI)
Wes WATKINS (OK)
William H. GRAY, III (PA)
Bernard J. DWYER (NJ)
William R. RATCHFORD (CT)
William Hill BONER (TN)
Steny H. HOYER (MD)
M. Robert CARR (MI)
Robert J. MRAZEK (NY)
Republicans
Silvio O. CONTE (MA)
Joseph M. McDADE (PA)
Jack EDWARDS (AL)
John T. MYERS (IN)
J. Kenneth ROBINSON (VA)
Clarence E. MILLER (OH)
Lawrence COUGHLIN (PA)
C. W. Bill YOUNG (FL)
Jack F. KEMP (NY)
Ralph S. REGULA (OH)
George M. O'BRIEN (IL)
Virginia SMITH (NE)
Eldon RUDD (AZ)
Carl D. PURSELL (MI)
Mickey EDWARDS (OK)
Robert L. LIVINGSTON (LA)
Bill GREEN (NY)
Tom LOEFFLER (TX)
Jerry LEWIS (CA)
John Edward PORTER (IL)
Harold ROGERS (KY)
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Majority:
Joseph Abbaddo, Chairman
Bill Chappell
John Murtha
Norman Dicks
Charles Wilson
W. G. "Bill" Hefner
Jack Hightower
Les AuCoin
Staff
Jim Van Wagenen
John Plashal
Peter Murphy
Majority:
Clarence Long, Chairman
David Obey
Sidney Yates
Matthew McHugh
William Lehman
Charles Wilson
Julian Dixon
William Gray
Staff-
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