TERRORISM REVIEW(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85-01095R000100250002-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 33
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 8, 2010
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: March 11, 1985
• Content Type: REPORT

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Directorate of
Intelligence
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Terrorism Review
GI TR 85-005
11 March 1985
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Secret
Terrorism Review) 25X1
1 Focus-Israel: The Whirlwind Approaches
3 Highlights
9 Western Europe: Improving Counterterrorism Cooperation
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17 Libya: Terrorist Weapons Supplier
21 The Terrorism Diary for April
27 Chronology of Terrorism, 1985
This review is published every other week by the Directorate of Intelligence.
Appropriate articles produced by other elements of the CIA as well as by other
agencies of the US Intelligence Community will be considered for publication.
Comments and queries are welcome and may be directed to the Executive Editor
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. Israeli leaders have) lexpressed concern that Israel will soon
become, the next major target of Shiite terrorism. As the Israel Defense Force
(IDF) withdraws from Lebanon, radical Shiite influence in the south is growing.
The Israelis have already witnessed a surge in attacks in the region between the
Litani River and the Israeli border during the past few weeks.
The ostensible purpose of the June 1982 invasion of south Lebanon was to rid the
area of Palestinian terrorists. Most of the local Shiites initially accepted, and in
some cases even welcomed, the incursion as a means of eliminating an increasingly
distasteful PLO armed presence. However, as the occupation dragged on and the
occupiers were perceived to be digging in, sentiments changed to the point that
Shiite guerrillas (favorite tactic: ambushes) and terrorists (favorite tactic: car
bombs) began vying with one another to see who could hurt the Israelis the most.F
On 6 February Nabih Berri, leader of the moderate Shiite organization Amal,
pledged before 2,000 supporters in Beirut to increase military pressure on the IDF
in the south. He is trying to counteract Hizballah's ongoing (and successful)
campaign to siphon off members from the much larger Amal. The radicals are
likely to respond to Berri's efforts by intensifying their attacks against the
elements of the IDF remaining in Lebanon-if not by beginning to attack targets
inside Israeli territory.
Probably one reason the radical Shiites are not already conducting operations
inside Israel is simply that, until now, a Shiite terrorist has not needed to go very
far from his home village to find Israelis to attack. Another reason is that such
attacks would be much more difficult to carry out inside Israel, where security is
very good and the Shiites have no base of operations. Nevertheless, as Israeli
targets in Lebanon recede southward, Hizballah will doubtless begin to consider
spectacular actions across the border as a way of continuing to gain political
standing-and recruits-in the Shiite community at the expense of Amal. Shiite
religious leaders, moreover, have been declaring that the battle should be carried
to Jerusalem.
Iran can be expected to provide materiel and training-along with encouragement
and guidance-for Lebanese Shiite terrorists planning to attack targets inside
Israel. Existing installations in the Bekaa Valley are likely sites-so far Syria has
not interfered with Iranian-sponsored anti-Israeli activities there. Should Israel
retaliate by turning the Iranian and radical Shiite bases in the Bekaa into bombing
ranges, the radicals could simply move to more dispersed positions.
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Several Palestinian organizations have men in south Lebanon and nearby areas.
There appears to be a degree of ad hoc cooperation between them and elements of
local Shiite militias. Once the Israeli forces have departed, each could help the
other to mount attacks in Israeli territory, and the possibility of joint terrorist
operations cannot be ruled out.
Before Israel invaded Lebanon, the chief threat from that region came from at
most a few hundred Palestinian terrorists operating amidst nearly a million
Lebanese Shiites, most of whom were passive and some of whom were even hostile
toward the Palestinian cause. As the Israeli forces depart, they leave behind a
large number of alienated Shiites, many of whom are ripe for radicalization. They
are almost certain to give tacit support to anti-Israeli terrorists operating in the
south; some are likely to want to play a more active role.
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Highlights
precautions in case the surveillants were terrorists.
US Defense Attache Possibly Under Surveillance
The US Embassy in Paris reports that General Hilbert may have been under
surveillance by persons appearing to be of Middle Eastern origin. French police
have been notified, and the general's protective detail has implemented additional
detonators, and detonator cord were stolen from four different quarries.
Explosives Stolen From Quarries
Between 1 and 19 February, just under 400 kilograms of Luxit explosives,
The Belgian Communist Combatant Cells (CCC) may have
West Germany Revolutionary Cells Debate Euroterrorism
A heated ideological debate among the West German leftwing terrorist
Revolutionary Cells (RZ) has surfaced in the aftermath of the Red Army Faction
(RAF) hunger strike and the associated Euroterrorist campaign of assassinations,
bombings, and arson. On 13 February an article ostensibly representing the views
of a West Berlin RZ appeared in the radical leftist West Berlin newspaper
Tageszeitung. The authors expressed relief at the end of the hunger strike and
terrorist campaign, asserting they had been detrimental to the struggle to counter
"warlike imperialism," since they had led to a mobilization of state power and had
served as a pretext for a "call to arms" by the French and West German
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run low on explosives, which may account for the current pause in their anti-
NATO campaign. Local officials are concerned over the effect of the thefts on
security for the 26-27 March NATO Nuclear Planning Group Ministerial
Meeting to be held in Luxembourg. The Gendarmerie will be out in force,
supported by local police and elements of the Luxembourg Army.F---]
authorities have been alert to the possibility of such attacks since the trial began.
Armenian Terrorists Convicted in Paris
Three Armenians accused of participating in the bombing of the Turkish airline
desk at Orly Airport 15 July 1983 were sentenced to 10 years, 15 years, and life in
prison. A man claiming to represent the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation
of Armenia (ASALA) threatened reprisals for the sentences. French and Turkish
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nevertheless doubted the dedication and staying power of the support groups.
Governments. They commented, moreover, that "the real social war against the
people ... is not [being] waged by NATO." Acknowledging the fact that so many
of the comrades had responded proved "the structures" were still good, the authors
two people who were involved in the militarization of Europe."
Two weeks later, a Duesseldorf RZ circulated a leaflet in which it not only
dissociated itself from the sentiments expressed by the West Berlin cell but also
challenged the authenticity of the article, implying that, since its obvious purpose
was "to divide, disorient, and discredit," it had probably been written by or at the
instigation of the authorities. The authors took strong issue with the criticisms of
the RAF and justified the assassinations of Audran and Zimmermann as "hitting
FP-25 Disclaims Membership in Euroterrorism Front
In a recent interview, a self-proclaimed member of the leftwing Popular Forces of
25 April (FP-25) asserted that the group is not a member of the "anti-imperialist
front" which involves West German, French, and possibly Belgian terrorists. He
said that while there is a coincidence of interests between FP-25 and other
European terrorists regarding imperialism in Europe, there is no coordination of
attacks. He denied that any meetings had taken place between FP-25 and the
other European groups and asserted that the recent FP-25 attacks against US and
NATO targets in Portugal were to advance the "struggle for national
independence" against the "progressive advance of imperialism in Portugal."F-
terrorist attacks in the north.
Solidarity With Euroterrorist Attacks?
On 2 March Greek police, responding to a telephoned bomb threat, discovered and
defused a bomb at the West German Embassy. The caller claimed to represent the
Revolutionary Group of International Solidarity Christos Kassimis, a group that
was first heard from in 1977, when police killed Christos Kassimis in a shootout
following a sabotage attempt on the Athens office of a West German firm. In a
statement issued after the bombing attempt, the group claimed "active solidarity"
with the Red Army Faction, Action Directe, and the Communist Combatant
Cells. This is the first claim by a group in southern Europe to a link with recent
Shia Group Vows Suicide Attacks Against US and Israeli Targets
In a telephone call to a Beirut newspaper, a previously unheard-from group calling
itself the. "Suicide Sadr Brigade" threatened "seven suicide attacks" against US
and Israeli interests unless Israel halts its "massacres" in southern Lebanon. The
group is evidently named for the Imam Musa Sadr, the Lebanese Shia spiritual
leader who disappeared in Libya in 1978. The caller reminded the United States
and Israel of. past attacks, but they were carried out by "Islamic Jihad." We do not
believe the terrorists associated with the memory of Musa Sadr have any
connection with the ones who have operated under the rubric Islamic Jihad, since
they have hitherto concentrated on Libyan targets rather than US or Israeli ones.
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West Germany
Portugal
Significant Developments
passports-one Moroccan, the other Omani. He was headed for Barcelona.
Explosives Found in Airline Baggage
On 20 February, Frankfurt Airport police arrested'a man arriving from Syria with
a suitcase of explosives (10.5 kilograms of PETN). The man was carrying two
was the first attack by the group in 10 months.
17 November Assassinates Rightwing Publisher
On 21 February the leftist 17 November terrorist organization gunned down a
conservative Greek publisher on a busy Athens street and critically wounded his
driver. Leaflets found at the scene accused the publisher of being a CIA agent and
strongly denounced Greece's socialist government. Ballistics experts reportedly
have determined that one of the weapons involved in this shooting was used in
previous assassinations and attempts for which 17 November has claimed credit. It
for the group.
Police Arrest Two FP-25 Fugitives
In Braga, police arrested two escapees from Portuguese prisons, where they had
been serving sentences for armed robbery. A search of their house revealed a large
arms cache and over $5,000 in Portuguese escudos. One of them was among the
most dangerous FP-25 operatives still at large, and his arrest is a serious setback
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industrialist who had been abducted on 17 January. The victim reportedly is a
financial backer of the group's political arm, the Basque Fatherland Party (PNV).
Kidnaped Basque Industrialist Released
The military wing of the terrorist group Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA/M)
was reportedly paid 225 million pesetas ($1.3 million) in exchange for a Basque
had spurned additional security measures.
ETA/M Assassinates Director of Central Bank
On 19 February five men believed to belong to the military wing of the terrorist
group Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA/M) shot and killed the director of
Spain's Central Bank in the garage of his Madrid home. Indications are the
assailants had intended to kidnap him for ransom purposes. Why they killed him
instead is not known. Although warned he was an obvious kidnap target, the victim
rival Shia Amal militia.
More Car Bombings in Beirut
On 18 February, a car bomb exploded outside an Amal office, killing six and
wounding at least 40. A Mercedes reportedly had been packed with 80 pounds of
dynamite. Two more car bombs went off a week later in Beirut's southern suburbs,
killing six, wounding 45. The bombs were placed 50 meters apart on the same
street in a neighborhood controlled by pro-Iranian Shias. No one has claimed
credit for any of the blasts, but the two on the 25th occurred just after the first
clashes of any scale between the pro-Iranian Hizballah and the more moderate
wounded, and one-a woman-was captured.
Sendero Luminoso Antielection Campaign
On 21 February in Lima, a group of SL terrorists struck a series of targets in what
may be the beginning of a campaign to disrupt upcoming national elections. Two
Popular Christian Party political offices and one Popular Action Party office were
firebombed, along with two suburban banks and an office of a justice of the peace.
The most serious incident involved efforts by SL guerrillas to dynamite an
installation of the state-owned telephone company. They were interrupted by
police, and a shootout ensued, during which two guerrillas were killed, others were
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1984 were generally unsuccessful.
During the remaining seven weeks before ballots are cast, the Sendero Luminoso
will probably launch more such attacks in Lima and other parts of the country
where it has a significant presence, notably in the Ayacucho Emergency Zone. It is
questionable, however, what the effect of this campaign will be on a nationwide
basis. SL attempts to disrupt municipal elections in 1983 and voter registration in
the Ivorian Government) and Burkinabe dissidents.
Bomb Intended for Burkinabe President Misses Mark
The hotel suite reserved for the President of Burkina Faso during his stay in
Yamoussoukro for the Entente Council Chiefs of State meeting was damaged by a
bomb the day before his arrival. The-device was described by US Embassy officials
as fairly sophisticated and powerful. Those suspected of planting the device include
Libya and the Burkinabe security service (both of which would like to embarrass
been killed three days after their abduction.
Remains of Missing Tourists Found
The Zimbabwean Government claims the bodies of two Americans, two
Australians, and two Britons were found in February in a shallow grave near the
site of their abduction. Their kidnaping in July 1982 was a great political
embarrassment to the fledgling country and resulted in a massive manhunt. Many
suspects have been arrested since then. One of the more recent suspects admitted
complicity and led security officials to the grave. He claimed that the tourists had
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Secret
Western Europe:
Improving Counterterrorist
Cooperation
The recent upsurge in anti-NATO terrorist activity in
Western Europe, and especially the signs of increased
cooperation among certain terrorists, has impelled the
countries most affected to intensify their
counterterrorist enforcement and adopt additional
measures. Moreover, bilateral and multilateral
consultations on counterterrorist cooperation have
increased among several West European
governments. Although most still prefer bilateral
talks, we believe key countries are more receptive
than before to expanded discussions in the EC, among
the Summit Seven group,' and in NATO. To date,
bilateral exchanges have been the most effective
means of cooperation. Counterterrorism is receiving
cannot afford to appear less than resolute. Paris had
been taking a tougher stance toward terrorism for
several months, as exemplified by its extradition of
Basque fugitives to Spain last fall. It may reconsider
its traditional reluctance to extradite other
Europeans-particularly Italians-who are wanted
on terrorist charges in their own countries.
greater attention.
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France, West Germany, and Belgium Respond
In bilateral talks in Bonn last month, Prime Minister
Fabius and Chancellor Kohl declared a "united front
against terrorism." Their high-profile meeting
importance Paris and Bonn attach to counterterrorist
cooperation following the recent murders of a senior
French official and the head of a West German arms
firm. Although both governments characterized their
existing counterterrorist cooperation as very good,
they agreed to form a joint operational working group,
and tighten border controls that had been relaxed in
recent years.
France, in particular, has been forced toward a more
active counterterrorist role. The assassination in
January of General Audran was the first of a senior
French official in many years. With campaigning
under way for cantonal elections and several foreign
policy gaffes fresh in the public mind, the government
Brussels launched a coordinated counterterrorist
program only last year, announcing a unified
command structure of all official entities with
counterterrorist responsibilities. Despite the existence
of a specially trained intervention group, Belgium still
has relatively few experienced counterterrorist
personnel. Moreover, the government's austerity
budget has meant limited funds even for such priority
programs.
Both West Germany and France want to draw
Belgium into joint efforts because they believe it is ill
prepared to address terrorism effectively. The many
NATO and diplomatic facilities in the Brussels area
remain vulnerable to terrorist attack. In recent talks
with the US Ambassador, Joxe said that his staff
began bimonthly meetings with the Belgians in
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December with a view to increasing police and
intelligence coordination between the two countries.
Italian Concerns
Although the recent spate of anti-NATO terrorist
attacks has yet to extend to Italy, Rome believes there
is a threat to Italian and Allied interests in Italy.
With respect to the status of fugitive Italian terrorists
in France, Rome apparently has calculated that
French cooperation is best obtained by making the
issue unavoidable in any bilateral dealings. Rome has
increased the level, frequency, and intensity of its
criticisms of French asylum policy. In the last two
months, the subject of the subversive Italian colony in
Paris-which includes some people Rome believes are
directing or assisting terrorist activities in Italy-has
been raised by Prime Minister Craxi and his Foreign,
Defense, and Interior Ministers, in speeches before
Parliament, press interviews, and talks with French
counterparts.
Paris has serious reservations about the strength of
Italy's cases against many of the 200 or more fugitives
in France, and the validity of certain charges-some
nonexistent in French law-against them. France now
has an opportunity, however, to demonstrate
antiterrorist resolve and political good will following
the arrest last month of a fugitive Italian terrorist
convicted of complicity in a 1977 Milan murder. The
subsequent arrest of a Red Brigades member and
three other terrorists also sought by Italy on murder
and terrorism charges suggests greater French
responsiveness to Italian concerns. If Rome's cases
against the two meet French legal requisites regarding
"blood crimes," we believe Paris is likely to approve
their extradition to Italy.
France.
Nonetheless, any new French cooperation with Italy
on extradition would not signal a fundamental or
long-term change in policy. On the contrary,
extradition of any Italians would be, in our view, a
discrete, ad hoc decision in response to immediate
political pressures and perceived French interests. By
extraditing even one Italian with terrorist ties,
however, Paris would effectively put fugitive terrorists
on notice that they may no longer find a haven in
The British Stake
Despite the absence of anti-NATO attacks in the
United Kingdom, British officials believe their
country faces the same general risk of terrorist
attacks as other NATO member states, but see no
group singling out British targets at this time.
According to diplomatic reporting, authorities,
conditioned by years of Irish violence, are eager to
broaden the United Kingdom's counterterrorist
cooperation with the United States and West
European countries, but they prefer bilateral
mechanisms, however, over multilateral approaches to
terrorism. Indeed, the United Kingdom recently
signed a new extradition treaty with Italy which
includes streamlined provisions for handling
terrorism. British counterterrorist officials
nonetheless welcome the chance to promote among
EC and Summit Seven member states any efforts
aimed at anti-NATO terrorism, much as they
spearheaded moves to tighten up on abuse of
diplomatic immunity following the Libyan shooting
and seige in London last year. Paris will be the
specific object of British persuasion, according to US
Embassy sources, in an attempt to overcome French
reservations about a NATO response to terrorism.
The British remain anxious, however, to avoid giving
an East-West coloration to the problem of the
terrorist threat to Western Europe in general and to
NATO in particular.
EC Movement
Although most West European countries have long
made clear their preference for bilateral consultations
on counterterrorist matters, recent transnational
violence has made some states more willing to
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joint measures and policies.
Although participants are likely to avoid committing
themselves to any new joint actions, they may
examine the efficacy of existing agreements and
whether to extend them.
' Among the EC countries, only Denmark, Luxembourg, West
Germany, and the United Kingdom have ratified the Convention,
although future EC members Portugal and Spain have also done so.
Looking Ahead
Congruent views among the West European
"big four" regarding the regional terrorist threat
suggest that linkage of EC and Summit Seven
counterterrorist initiatives is possible. Italian and
West German officials reportedly are aware of this
prospect and, with their strong counterterrorist
records, would like to take advantage of the fortuitous
timing that currently has one chairing the EC and the
other hosting the Summit. With key support from the
United Kingdom and a newly amenable French
attitude toward intensifying cooperation, prospects for
collective coordination of antiterrorist efforts in both
groups appear stronger than ever. Most West
European countries, however, will be wary of potential
US domination of discussions in multilateral forums.
counterterrorist discussions.
Although NATO dealings with terrorism traditionally
have been limited, attacks against NATO and
Alliance-related facilities have prompted members to
reassess the terrorist threat in Western Europe, with a
view to intensifying common antiterrorist measures.
Security at NATO headquarters and other
installations has been tightened and personnel advised
on additional safety steps. In addition, recent
statements by previously reluctant members-notably
France-indicate a new willingness to expand Allied
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As with the Bonn Summit group, NATO talks almost
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permit deliberations in the North Atlantic Council on
the terrorist threat to NATO (rather than limit the
subject to a subordinate committee), a majority of
member countries believe, nonetheless, that NATO
counterterrorist talks should remain private and that
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any specific recommendations should take into
account counterterrorist measures adopted in other
multilateral groups. Perhaps most important is the
concern of some members that NATO convey a
public image of firm counterterrorist resolve without,
however, creating false expectations of collective
action that the Alliance is not capable of undertaking.
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France:
The Transformation of
Action Directe
The participation of Action Directe (AD) in the recent
Euroterrorist campaign indicates that a major
reorientation of the group's outlook and tactics has
taken place. Ideologically, the group has moved from
anarchist and anti-Semitic sentiments, coupled with a
focus on domestic issues, to a Marxist-Leninist
philosophy and an international anti-imperialist
outlook. Operationally, the group has shifted from
bank robberies and demonstrative attacks against
property to the assassination of a major public figure.
The threat it poses to French and Allied interests is
being taken more seriously than before. F_~
Origin and Development
AD was founded in 1979 by Jean Marc Rouillan, a
veteran extremist of the French left, as an urban
guerrilla movement in opposition to Zionism and
imperialism. Its initial operations consisted mainly of
bombings directed against Jewish-owned property in
Paris and against French Government installations. In
1980 French authorities convicted and imprisoned
more than a dozen of the group's 20 to 30 members,
but they were subsequently released in the general
amnesty promulgated by the Mitterrand government
in 1981. AD immediately returned to terrorist
operations, and many of the same individuals were
rearrested and are now back in prison.F__-]
In 1982 the remaining members of AD split into two
factions, one wanting to continue the group's previous
tactics, the other pushing for adoption of a more
"international" perspective. By 1983, under the
ideological leadership of Frederich Oriach, a leftwing
intellectual (who is now in prison) with a history of
involvement in terrorist causes, the internationalist
faction had become dominant, and the group adopted
a more distinctly Marxist-Leninist, anti-American,
anti-NATO orientation.)
Though its operations have been confined to France,
from its inception AD has had contacts with foreign
terrorist groups. Some AD members developed
personal ties-based on ideological affinities-with
individual Italian and West German terrorists. AD
fugitives often sought refuge in Belgium when pressed
by French police.F__-]
A New Departure
Beginning last summer, AD operations took on an
international character. The targets included:
? Annexes of the French Ministries of Defense and
Industry (because they were "in charge of technical
supervision and payment of orders concerning
armaments and in charge of interallied pipelines,
the fuel supplier to NATO").
? The Atlantic Institute for International Affairs
(described by AD as "the NATO think tank").
? The European Space Agency (because it had "put
political, industrial, and military decisions
concerning space into concrete form").
? The Western European Union (because it "reflects
primarily the Atlantic interest in having the
European capitalists pay for defense and develop
capital through the armaments industry").
These attacks were followed in October by bombings
of two defense-related industrial firms.
Two significant events early this year have
emphasized the transformation of AD. On 15 January
there appeared a joint communique by AD and the
West German Red Army Faction (RAF) in which the
two groups issued a joint declaration of "guerrilla
war" against imperialist. On 25 January Gen. Rene
Audran, the Ministry of Defense official in charge of
overseas arms sales, was assassinated by AD
operatives-the French authorities suspect that
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Rouillan and his amie, Nathalie Menigon, were
responsible. This was the first time the group had
deliberately attacked and killed a target individual.
Conse-
quent y, the group is now assessed as presenting a
considerably greaser threat than before to French
Government and NATO interests in France.F
' Besides Rouillan and Menigon, the only other known AD
members being sought by the police are Georges Cipriani and
Mohand Hamani-the latter, who holds dual citizenship in France
and Algeria, may be living in Algeria. A few AD members have
been charged with various terrorist activities but have been released
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Libya:.
Terrorist Weapons Supplier
Libya provides a wide, variety of firearms to groups
that commit acts of international terrorism. These
weapons include conventional pistols, assault rifles,
and submachineguns of both Western and Bloc origin,
as well as more sophisticated or terrorist-specific
ordnance such as silenced and concealed pistols.
Although most of these weapons cannot be traced
through successive purchase-to-delivery cycles, an
analysis of recovered terrorist ordnance suggests that
Tripoli goes to considerable lengths to procure
untraceable arms for its own terrorist operations,
while providing more easily traceable weapons to
foreign terrorist organizations.
Guns To Go .
Weapons traceable to. Libya have turned up in the
possession of a wide variety of terrorists throughout
Europe and the Middle East.
Libyan-bought Italian and ' Belgian weapons
also have been discovered in the possession of other
terrorist groups. These weapons include:
? Three 9-mm Beretta Model 12 submachineguns
used by.terrorists from the PFLP-Special Operation
Group in their attack on an El Al airliner at Orly
Airport outside Paris in 1978.
? Two 9-mm Belgian Browning High-Power pistols
found in the possession of Carlos Apparat members
Bruno Breguet and Magdalena Kopp when they
were arrested in Paris in February 1982.
? A Belgian 7.62-mm FAL assault rifle discovered in
a Red Brigades arms cache near Treviso, Italy, in 25X1
February 1982.
most of these weapons had been at least partially
effaced. Nevertheless, the fact that these numbers
could be relatively easily reconstructed and traced
suggests that Tripoli is not overly concerned about its
image as an arms conduit to non-Libyan terrorist
groups.
might recover and attempt to trace them.
Weapons for Libyan Use
This lack of concern stands in sharp contrast to the
elaborate means by which Libya seeks to dissociate
itself from the weapons it provides to its own terrorists
for attacks on Libyan dissidents abroad. These
weapons are often acquired through a circuitous
network involving one or more gray market arms
brokers or firms. The use of such front firms-with no
demonstrable link to Libya-suggests that the
weapons involved are intended for politically sensitive
terrorist actions in countries where the authorities
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Commercial Versus Military Firearms
Although Libya frequently provides military
weapons-such as Beretta submachineguns and
Browning assault rifles and large caliber pistols-to
foreign terrorists, Tripoli seems to prefer nonmilitary,
commercial) available weapons for its own
operatives.
Libya has also sought
to acquire special-purpose metal-piercing ammunition
on the gray arms market.
Silenced Weapons
Tripoli also procures specially equipped firearms that
by their very nature appear to be intended for use in
terrorist operations.
Prospects and Implications
We believe that Libya will continue to acquire large
quantities of weapons and to supply some of this
ordnance to groups that commit acts of international
terrorism. As a recognized government, Libya can
purchase most of these arms directly from other
nations. We estimate that in 1984 alone Tripoli
received nearly one-half billion dollars worth of
armaments from the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe,
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China, and North Korea. We do not know if Moscow
or other Communist governments actually use Libya
to funnel arms to specific terrorist groups, although
they obviously know that the country cannot use so
many weapons itself, and that Libya supplies arms to
numerous dissident and terrorist groups around the
world.
Despite its reputation as a supporter of international
terrorism, Tripoli is still able to purchase large
quantities of small arms from Western nations. Press
reports indicate that during the first half of 1984, for
example, Libya purchased over 2,200 metric tons of
Even if such official government-to-
government sales could be halted, however, Tripoli
would still enjoy easy access to a wide variety of
sophisticated ordnance of specific utility to terrorists,
including silenced pistols and man-portable antitank
and antiaircraft weapons, through private arms
dealers and brokers on the international gray arms
market.
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The Terrorism Diary
for April 25X1
Below is a compendium of April dates of known or conceivable significance to
terrorists around the world. Our inclusion of a date or event should not by itself
be construed to suggest that we expect or anticipate a commemorative terrorist
event.
Armenians. The month of April is dedicated by Armenian groups to the memory of
the Armenians who died at the hands of Turks during 1915-18.
Cyprus. EOKA Day (beginning of guerrilla struggle by Greek Cypriots for
independence).
1 April 1970 El Salvador. Founding of Popular Liberation Forces (FPL).
1 April 1980 El Salvador. US Cultural Center in San Salvador bombed and strafed by FPL.
1 April 1981 El Salvador. Rocket and gun attack on US Embassy by FPL.
2 April 1979 Iran. Islamic Republic Day.
2 April 1982 Argentina. Invasion of British-occupied Falkland Islands by Argentine forces. The
2 April Command takes its name from this event.
3 April 1984 Guinea. Coup d'etat.
4 April 1945 Hungary. Liberation Day.
4 April 1947 Syria. Founding of Bath Party.
4 April 1950 NATO Countries. Founding of NATO.
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4 April 1960 Senegal. Independence Day.
4 April 1979 Pakistan. Former Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto executed by Zia regime.
The Pakistani terrorist group Al-Zulfikar derives its name from Bhutto's.
6 April Thailand. Chakri Day (founding of Thai royal dynasty).
6 April 1978 Philippines. Anti-Marcos demonstration. Terrorist group "April 6 Liberation
Movement" (A6LM) takes its. name from this event.
6 April 1985 Jews. Pesach (first day of Passover).
7 April 1916 Ireland. Beginning of insurrection that led to independence.
7 April 1963 Yugoslavia. Republic Day (commemorates adoption of current constitution).
7 April 1976 Libya. Student revolution.
7 April 1985 Christians. Easter Sunday..
10 April 1941 Yugoslavia. Proclamation of independence by Croatia.
10 April 1973 Israel-Lebanon. Israeli raid on Beirut.
11 April 1979 Uganda. Liberation Day (fall of Idi Amin).
12 April 1980 Liberia. National Redemption Day (commemorates coup overthrowing Tolbert
government).
13 April 1975 Lebanon.-Phalange militiamen attack bus, triggering Lebanese civil war.
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13 April 1985 International. Solar New Year (Buddhist, Chinese, Southeast Asian, Hindu, Sikh,
Sinhalese, and Tamil cultures).
Jews. Last day of Passover.
14 April 1849 Hungary. Independence Day.
14 April 1890 Latin America. Pan-American Day (first international conference of American
states).
14 April 1931 Spain. Founding of Second Republic.
14 April 1967 Togo. Assumption of presidency by Gen. Gnassingbe Eyadema.
14 April 1974 Niger. Accession of President Kountche.
14 April 1985 Orthodox Greeks. Easter Sunday.
15 April 1912 North Korea. Birthday of Kim I1-song.
15 April 1916 Ireland. Easter uprising. . .
16 April Jerusalem-West Bank. Palestinian Prisoners Day.
17 April 1946 Syria. Independence Day.
17 April 1961 Cuba. Air Defense Day (commemorates Air Force success against Bay of Pigs
invaders).
17 April 1975 Cambodia. Liberation Day (Khmer Rouge victory).
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18 April 1949 Ireland. Inauguration of the republic.
18 April 1978 Panama-United States. US ratification of Panama Canal Treaty.
18 April 1980 Zimbabwe. Independence Day.
18 April 1983 Lebanon. US Embassy bombed by Islamic Jihad.
19 April 1960 Namibia. Founding of South-West African People's Organization (SWAPO).
South Korea. Unrest triggered by student uprising forces President Syngman Rhee
to resign and leave country. Usually commemorated by student demonstrations.
19 April 1961 Cuba. Day of Victory at Playa Giron (Bay of Pigs).
19 April 1970 Colombia. The populist National Popular Alliance (ANAPO) does poorly in
national elections.
19 April 1971 Sierra Leone. Proclamation of the republic.
19 April 1973 Colombia. On third anniversary of their election defeat, ANAPO extremists found
the 19th of April Movement (M-19).
21 April 1967 Greece. National Resistance Day (anniversary of military coup).
21 April 1971 Haiti. Jean Claude Duvalier installed as President for life upon death of his
father, Francois Duvalier.
24 April 1915 Armenians. National Day of Sorrow (commemorating Turkish massacre).
24 April 1965 Dominican Republic. Beginning of civil war.
24 April 1970 Gambia. Republic Day.
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25 April 1945 Italy. Liberation Day.
25 April 1967 Swaziland. Kingdom constituted.
25 April 1974 Portugal. Revolution Day; Liberty Day (celebrates military coup, which overthrew
rightist government and paved way for democratically elected government).
Leftwing terrorist group Popular Forces of 25 April (FP-25) takes its name from
this date.
25 April 1982 Egypt. Sinai Day (commemorates Israeli withdrawal).
26 April 1949 Jordan. Transjordan becomes Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
26 April 1964 Tanzania. United Republic of Tanzania formed through union of Republic of
Tanganyika and People's Republic of Zanzibar.
27 April 1945 Austria. Second Republic established.
27 April 1960 Togo. Independence Day.
27 April 1961 Sierra Leone. Independence Day.
27 April 1978 Afghanistan. Conservative Daoud regime ousted by leftwing coup.
28 April 1937 Iraq. Birthday of Saddam Hussein.
28 April 1965 Dominican Republic. US military intervention.
28 April 1983 Colombia. Death in plane crash of M-19 leader Jaime Bateman.
29 April 1967 Colombia. Founding of Popular Liberation Army (EPL).
30 April 1975 Vietnam. North Vietnamese capture Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City).
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30 April 1980 United Kingdom. Iranian Embassy seized by radicals; hostages eventually rescued
by SAS team, which storms building.
30 April 1981 Guatemala. Bombing of storage tank of US oil company in Guatemala City by
FP-3 1.
30 April 1982
.Guatemala. Bombing of US fast-food restaurant in Guatemala City by FP-3 1.
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1985
January
Chronology of Terrorism
publication are not included.
Below are described noteworthy foreign and international terrorist events and
counterterrorism developments that have occurred or come to light since our last
issue. Events and developments that have already been described elsewhere in this
but the house. The family has abandoned the farm.
New Caledonia: Kanaks assault farm family. Members of the Kanak Socialist
Liberation Front (FLNKS) bound and gagged a family in their home and cut the
throats of all their farm animals. The assailants then burned all the farm buildings
German missionary since last, December.
Philippines: Japanese photographer reported kidnaped by MNLF in Jolo. At least
one of his guides was reported killed. He is said to be a prisoner of the same Moro
National Liberation Front unit which has been holding an American and a
Early February Angola: UNITA reportedly attacks village less than 50 kilometers from Luanda,
killing six civilians. 25X1
10 February Italy: Workers Autonomy claims responsibility for arson attack in Vicenza
region. In Sandigo, arsonists destroyed an Italian electric company truck,
claiming-apparently incorrectly-that a nuclear power plant was to be
constructed at the company worksite.
Egypt: Projectile fired at Israeli Embassy in Cairo hits nearby apartment. There
have been no reports of casualties.
the projectile was probably a US-manufactured light antitank
weapon (LAW).
11-12 February West Germany: Bomb making paraphernalia discovered at Hamburg University.
Contained in the same locker were copies of a Revolutionary Cells publication.
The lockers are not assigned to specific students, so university authorities are
unable to provide any information on the last user.
12 February Cyprus:'Local police defuse bomb at-offices of shipping-travel-tourist agency in
Limassol. The Cypriot company represents Israeli interests and had been the
target of another terrorist attack four years ago.
Somalia: Wife and maid of high-level Kenyan Embassy official shot by intruder.
There was no evidence of burglary. The US Embassy reported that the incident
may have been perpetrated by Somali dissident groups hoping to damage Somali-
Kenyan relations.
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ha) of the Revolutionary Workers Association claimed credit.
Japan: Narita police station attacked by-leftist radicals. A time-delay incendiary
device caused minor damage to a police substation. The Hazama faction (Hazama-
American hostages. No one has yet claimed credit for the kidnapings~
Lebanon: Two Lebanese doctors from American University kidnaped in West
Beirut. The two may have been seized in response to the reported kidnaping of a
student in East Beirut by unknown persons or to provide medical assistance to the
16 February Japan: Incendiary device discovered in Yokosuka factory. Police believe the bomb
was intended for a nuclear fuel factory 130 meters away. No one has claimed
responsibility, and the device appears to be more crudely constructed than those
usually employed by the terrorist group Chukaku-ha (Nucleus Faction).
17 February
Japan: Chukaku-ha rockets Osaka police station. The 10 incendiary rockets,
launched from a truckbed, caused minor damage.to the facility.
18 February Libya: Newspaper says Libya should train and arm West European terrorist
groups. The newspaper Al-Zahf al-Akhdar specifically mentioned the IRA, the
"Baader-Meinhof gang," and the Red Army Faction. Four days later, Libya's
Charge in Bonn denied that the article represented the attitude of the Libyan
Government.
political assassinations between the two parties.
Zimbabwe: Minority ZAPU party accused of killing ZANU ruling party
commissar for. Kezi District. This killing appears -to be one of a long series of
19 February Colombia: ELN guerrillas storm town of Santa Rosa. Thirty members of the
National Liberation Army (ELN) forced the townspeople to listen to a tirade
denouncing peace agreements between the.government and the guerrillas. They
took both the mayor and a municipal court judge as hostages.
. the area is controlled by the Druze Progressive Socialist Party.
Lebanon: Armed militiamen kill French officer at observer post in Ash Shuwayfat
near southern Beirut. The killers may have been members of Hizballah, although
Lebanon: American radio correspondent in Beirut detained briefly by Muslim
militiamen. The reporter has also received anonymous death threats. He is
reportedly hiding until he can leave for Cyprus.
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20 February United Kingdom: Three Libyans convicted'in Manchester bombings. Those
responsible for the March 1984 incidents received sentences of five, six, and 12
years; a fourth defendant was acquitted and reportedly will remain in the United
Kingdom as a student.
Peru: Peruvian-American cultural center in Cuzco bombed. The blast did
considerable damage to the cultural center's guardhouse and destroyed several
windows. The unidentified attackers left cardboard signs conveying threats to kill
Americans and the center's employees.
Japan: Chukaku-ha suspected in fire at airport construction site. The fire
destroyed two trucks and a warehouse at the site.
Philippines: Midlevel New People's Army commander captured in Davao. He was
the second such NPA officer captured by Philippine police in two weeks.
21 February Colombia: Bomb explodes at Baranquilla Colombian-American binational center.
The blast killed a Colombian security guard and caused extensive damage to the
building and the surrounding area. No group has claimed responsibility.
France: Two ETA/M militants expelled to Cape Verde. Four other Basque
terrorists from the same group were exiled to Togo last September.
22 February France: Bombing at Mark's and Spencer's department store in Paris kills one,
injures 15. The bomb exploded near the rear entrance shortly after the store
opened. It was the third bombing of the store in nine years.
Spain: Suspected members of ETA wound four policemen near Lasarte. None of
the policemen have died of their wounds, and ETA has not yet claimed credit for
Jordan: Bomb defused at American archeological research organization in
Amman. The device contained approximately four pounds of explosives and a
blasting cap, but no timing device. The Abu Nidal group is suspected of a similar
attempt against the same office in November.
22-23 February Sri Lanka: Tamil guerrillas abduct two central government officials from Jaffna-
bound bus. One of the men was killed the next day, while the other was released
unharmed. No group has claimed credit for the murder.
22-25 February Philippines: Roman Catholic bishop and 10 traveling companions kidnaped by
Moro guerrillas near Zamboanga City. After three days of intensive negotiations,
the Moro National Liberation Front released all of the captives (including three
nuns) unharmed.
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23 February
24 February
Lebanon: Druze militiamen kidnap 14 Christian civilians. The victims, mostly
doctors and engineers, were said to have been seized in response to the Lebanese
Armed Forces' arrest of two Druze militiamen the previous day.
to assassinate Peres.
Israel: TNT threatens to kill Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres. The Jewish
terrorist group Terror Against Terror announced in a letter to a French press
agency office in Amman, Jordan, the formation of a special unit whose mission is
No claims have yet been made.
West Germany: Bomb meant for architect of RAF prison. West Berlin police
defused a bomb under the car of the architect of Moabit prison, the specially
constructed facility which houses convicted members of the Red Army Faction.
responsibility, but ETA is suspected.
Police blamed the incidents on Palestinian guerrillas.
Israel: Bombing of store in port city ofAshod wounds two people. Later the same
day, Israeli police dismantled two bombs planted along the old all of Jerusalem.
Peru: Sendero Luminoso terrorists destroy important railroad bridge. Cargo and
passenger traffic was disrupted on the line between Lima and Huancayo for at
least two weeks. This is the second time in nine months that this line has been the
object of a terrorist attack
off in a travel agency, causing extensive damage to the agency and nearby stores.
Corsica (FLNC) claimed responsibility.
France: Three bombings damage two banking facilities and Air France office in
Marseille. No injuries were reported. The National Front for the Liberation of
suspected in the attack.
Namibia: Limpet bomb destroys crowded shop, killing two and wounding at least
seven. Guerrillas of the South-West African People's Organization (SWAPO) are
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28 February
Austria: Prominent Libyan exile seriously wounded. In Vienna, the former Libyan
ambassador, a known opponent of the Qadhafi regime, was shot near his home.
The attack is part of a renewed Libyan campaign against dissidents abroad that
began last year
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