TERRORISM REVIEW (SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85-01095R000100240002-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 23
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 9, 2010
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: February 25, 1985
• Content Type: REPORT

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Directorate of
Intelligence
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Terrorism Review
GI TR 85-004
25 February 1985
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Secret
Terrorism Review) 25X1
25 February 1985
1 Focus-Libya: Terrorism as a Tool of Foreign Policy
5 Highlights
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13
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15 Philippines: NPA Shopping Lists 25X1
17 The Terrorism Diary for March
21 Chronology of Terrorism, 1984-85
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This review is published every other week by the Directorate of Intelligence.
Appropriate articles produced by other elements of the CIA as well as by other
agencies of the US Intelligence Community will be considered for publication.
Comments and queries are welcome and may be directed to the Executive Editor
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Secret
Terrorism Review) 25X1
Focus Libya: Terrorism as a Tool of Foreign Policy
Libyan leader Mu'ammar Qadhafi has used terrorism as one of the primary
instruments of his foreign policy ever since he seized power in 1969. The main
targets have been expatriate Libyan dissidents and leading officials of moderate
Arab and African governments. In addition, Tripoli has provided encouragement,
funding, training, and arms to insurgents and dissidents from many countries
whose government policies or leaders displease Qadhafi. Fear of retaliation,
however, along with a pragmatic recognition of Libya's relative weakness, will
probably continue to inhibit the Libyans from conducting direct attacks against
US personnel and facilities.
The level and types of Libyan terrorism as well as the mix between terrorism and
other kinds of subversion have varied considerably over the years, depending on
Qadhafi's perception at any time of likely costs and benefits, but the goals served
have remained consistent:
? Neutralization of Qadhafi's domestic opponents abroad.
? Assertion of his ideological leadership over other "nonaligned" nations in Africa
and the Arab world.
? Affirmation of his credentials as a revolutionary and "anti-imperialist."
An examination of events of just the past few years demonstrates these points. In
1980 the Libyan Government began a concerted effort to assassinate anti-Qadhafi
exiles. By the time the first phase ended in 1981-a reflection of Qadhafi's desire
to refurbish his image in support of his efforts to become a pan-Arab leader-11
Libyan dissidents living abroad had been murdered. Since then Qadhafi has
alternated between urging the exiles to return home to Libya and ordering new
liquidation campaigns against the dissidents among them.
By mid-1983 it had become clear that Qadhafi's efforts to gain international
influence by portraying himself as moderate and statesmanlike had borne little
fruit. In 1984 Qadhafi's problems multiplied as the regime experienced some of
the sharpest challenges it had ever faced. Qadhafi's home barracks were attacked.
Two Libyan diplomats were murdered abroad by antiregime dissidents. Qadhafi's
cousin and confidant was seriously injured in a car bomb attack inside Libya.
These and other incidents combined to increase Qadhafi's sense of vulnerability as
well as his desire for revenge.
Accordingly, beginning late in 1983 and continuing through 1984, the Qadhafi
regime resumed widespread terrorist and subversive activities. Libyan forces
invaded Chad in support of pro-Libyan insurgents. Libyan agents once again
began assassinating prominent anti-Qadhafi exiles. Libyan-trained dissidents
intent on sabotage and murder were sent into neighboring countries hostile to the
1 Secret
G/ TR 85-004
25 February 1985
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Qadhafi regime. The Libyan Government increased its support for insurgents and
terrorists in countries all over the world. Last year Tripoli was directly involved in
25 terrorist incidents, compared with only a handful in 1983.
Qadhafi's preoccupation with Libyan dissidents and the countries that shelter
them has been matched only by his implacable hatred of moderate Arab leaders
such as President Nimeiri of Sudan, President Bourguiba of Tunisia, and
especially the late President Sadat of Egypt, whose opposition to Israel Qadhafi
has regarded as insufficient and whose association with and support of US policies
have impeded him from achieving his personal aspirations. Currently number one
on Qadhafi's enemies list is Egypt's President Mubarak, whose government
recently made the Qadhafi regime look foolish by inducing it to claim its agents
had assassinated former Libyan,Prime Minister Bakoush when he remained very
much alive in Egypt.' Qadhafi was incensed by this deliberate humiliation and now
seeks revenge against Mubarak.
Over the years, many Libyan schemes have come to nought, owing to poor
intelligence, bad planning, and inept operatives. Recently, however, Tripoli has
demonstrated an enhanced capability to carry through the operations it
undertakes. It is this development, together with the growing involvement of the
Libyan armed forces in overt paramilitary operations, that is of greatest concern.
Neither of two venturesome operations in 1984-the bombing of a radio station
near Khartoum by an air force plane and the mining of the Red Sea, probably by
naval commandos-resulted in retaliation, encouraging Qadhafi to believe that he
can safely continue to use Libya's military capability abroad in acts of
intimidation and subversion.
At the same time, the Qadhafi regime has demonstrated a certain sensitivity to
being directly implicated in terrorist activities. Other than to proclaim successful
attacks against dissidents abroad, the Libyans never admit to involvement in
international terrorism. Tripoli prefers to recruit agents abroad or hire foreign
mercenaries rather than use Libyan citizens to conduct terrorist operations.
Libyan diplomats commission and oversee operations; distribute money,
documents, and weapons; and arrange travel; but-except for some operations
against exiles-they rarely commit terrorist acts themselves.
Outlook
Qadhafi's use of terrorism as a tool of foreign policy is a personalized tactic, one
likely to persist as long as he remains in power. He has evidently concluded that
terrorist tactics are often justified and sometimes effective. In addition, the
numerous weak and unstable regimes in Africa will continue to offer tempting
opportunities for him to try to expand his influence through terrorism.
' Egyptian security officials arrested the four would-be assassins before they reached their target and
forced them to send to the Libyan Peoples Bureau in Malta photographs of Bakoush that made him
appear to be dead. The sting operation worked: the Libyan press agency jubilantly claimed Bakoush
had been executed by a suicide squad sent abroad to "liquidate the enemies of the revolution."
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Despite Qadhafi's view of the United States as a major obstacle to advancing his
private brand of revolutionary Islamic socialism, the United States has rarely been
a direct target of Libyan terrorism. We believe this is a reflection of the Qadhafi
regime's pragmatic calculation that the possibility-and likely severity-of US
retaliation outweighs the potential gain from such terrorism. This fear of
retaliation probably will continue to keep US personnel and facilities off Tripoli's
hit list unless Qadhafi comes to perceive that the United States poses a direct
immediate challenge to his rule. Nevertheless, Qadhafi's terrorist activities will
continue to harm US interests by undermining pro-Western regimes, promoting
leftist insurgencies, and demonstrating that states can get away with terrorism.
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Highlights
Western Europe Lull in Euroterrorism Campaign
Most analysts continue to anticipate at least one more major attack in the current
Euroterrorism campaign, although there has been a marked decrease in terrorist
activity in Western Europe in recent weeks. For example, during the two-month
hunger strike of the Red Army Faction (RAF) prisoners, West German authorities
counted 75 terrorist incidents; since the hunger strike ended-on 1 February, the
day Ernst Zimmermann was murdered-there have been no further terrorist
incidents in West Germany attributed to the RAF or its supporters. The
Communist Combatant Cells in Belgium and Action Directe in France have also
been quiet all month.
Despite these indications, there are two major reasons why it seems unlikely that
the current campaign is over. First, the RAF is known to believe that its last major
campaign (in 1977) failed because it did not bring sufficient pressure on the West
German Government; surely, in planning the current campaign, the RAF would
have realized that the operations undertaken to date would not have enough
impact-even if they all worked-to bend the government to its will. Second, we
have trouble believing that the RAF hardcore would complete a major terrorist
campaign without striking at least once directly at the United States. Thus we
anticipate that the RAF will soon attempt at least one more major anti-NATO
operation-probably directed against a US target although not necessarily in West
Germany. F__-]
PLO-Jordan Agreement May Spark Terrorism
The PLO-Jordan agreement on a "framework" for a continuing dialogue,
announced on 11 February, may encourage a surge in terrorism directed against
GI TR 85-004
25 February 1985
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 prevent such talks.
Arab moderates. Pro-Syrian Palestinian radicals have rejected the agreement as a
sellout of Palestinian interests. Syrian President Assad aims to forestall any Arab
negotiations with Israel that exclude Syria, and the Syrian Government is likely to
foment terrorist attacks against Palestinian moderates and Jordanian officials to
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Chad-Libya
Libya Linked to Briefcase Bombs
The Chadian Government has lodged a complaint against Libya in the UN
Security Council for attempting to kill President Habre in September 1984 by
arranging for an explosive device to be placed in a conference room used by the
Council of Ministers. The Chadians said they learned of the plot in advance and
arrested the man who was to plant the device. They also recovered the device-an
attache case containing a Czechoslovak-manufactured plastic explosive and a
radioactivated detonating system. The device was found to contain components
traceable to Libya. As many as 14 other, similar devices may have been
constructed. Libya has denied the accusation
South Africa Fights Terror With Terror
On 12 February in Gaborone, a South African journalist with ties to the African
National Congress (ANC) was one of two persons injured when a bomb destroyed
their home, which had often been used by South African refugees. Other houses
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Secret
pursuit" into Botswana to curtail ANC infiltration into South Africa.
nearby were badly damaged by the blast. The US Embassy in Gaborone has
concluded the South African Government probably was responsible for the
bombing and anticipates more such attacks. On 29 January South African Foreign
Minister Pik Botha announced that his country reserved the right to conduct "hot
Significant Developments
Cypriot Airliner Hijacked Briefly
On 7 February in Beirut, six gunmen claiming to belong to the "Black Brigades of
Imam Musa Sadr," hijacked a Cypriot airliner in Beirut and held the nine-man
crew for five hours before releasing them unharmed. The group, followers of a
Shia cleric who disappeared in Libya in 1978, demanded that Cyprus release two
Lebanese men jailed for the June 1983 hijacking of a Libyan-chartered Romanian
aircraft. Beirut radio has reported that the Black Brigades have since threatened
to conduct other attacks against Cypriot interests in Lebanon.=
they plan to merge by midyear.
Abu Musa and Abu Nidal Groups Join Hands
On 15 February Abu Musa's Fatah rebels and the Abu Nidal Group announced
they had formed a "joint command" after a series of discussions held in Tripoli
under the auspices of Mu'ammar Qadhafi. The two radical Palestinian groups said
both groups will impede if not prevent a full merger of the groups.
Both groups are based in Syria, which has been encouraging the formation of a
national front of Palestinian organizations opposed to PLO leader Yasir Arafat.
We do not know why they held their discussions in Libya, nor what Qadhafi's role
was. We suspect that ideological and personal differences among the leaders of
Anniversary of Khomeini's Revolution Marked by Antiregime Terrorism
Between 1 and 11 February, the "Ten Days of Dawn" commemorating the time
between Khomeini's return from France and the collapse of the Shah's government
in 1979, at least four antiregime terrorist attacks took place in Iran and a fifth one
occurred in West Germany:
? On 2 and 3 February in Tehran, bomb explosions killed a garbageman and
several baker's assistants. The government blamed the attacks on the
Mujahedin-e-Khalq, which denied responsibility. Two days later, however, the
Mujahedin threatened to initiate a campaign of violence.
? On 5 February in Tehran, two men on motorcycles threw grenades at a building
where property seized from the Shah is managed. The same day in Frankfurt,
West Germany, Iran's Melli Bank was firebombed by a previously unknown
royalist group.
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Philippines
? Finally, on 11 February in Tehran, the office of Iran's revolutionary prosecutor
was reportedly attacked with rocket fire, and two-thirds of the building was
destroyed. Although no group claimed credit, the Mujahedin may have been
responsible. 0
Veteran DEA Officer, Mexican Pilot Kidnaped
On 7 February in Guadalajara, US Drug Enforcement Agency officer Enrique
Camarena Salazar was abducted by four armed men believed to be associated with
narcotics traffickers. In a probably related development, a Mexican pilot said to
have flown drug suppression missions in Mexico was reportedly abducted two
hours later. At the time of his abduction, Camarena was assigned to several cases
involving the numerous major drug traffickers and drug trafficking gangs known
to be operating in Mexico. The US Ambassador announced that, in view of this
kidnaping, US diplomatic installations in Mexico would increase their security
precautions, especially for other US Government personnel who might be targeted.
Sendero Luminoso's Glowing Welcome to Pope John Paul II
As the Pope's plane landed at Lima airport on 5 February, the group set off
explosions that felled electric powerline pylons, blacking out the city of 5 million
souls. Moments later on a montainside north of Lima, the group set ablaze a huge
hammer and sickle symbol, lighting up the sky. It was an unusually imaginative
gesture for one of the most humorless groups around. F_-]
the two hostages and reportedly killing two of their captors.
US Oil Company Hostages Rescued
On 9 February a previously unknown, probably local rebel group, the "Armed
Forces of the Military Democratic Council," took three US citizens hostage at the
site of their Esso Oil Company rig. One of the three was soon released to bring out
a communique. Later the other two hostages were released briefly and alternately
to ferry demands to the company and responses to the captors. Initial demands for
food, medicine, money, and a pullback of government troops were met, but other
demands for arms, radios, and air time on an international radiobroadcast were
turned down. On 13 February the Chadian armed forces attacked the site, freeing
Hotel Fire Not Act of Terrorism
It has been determined that a major hotel fire in Manila that an ostensible
terrorist group had claimed credit for setting was instead the result of arson
committed by disgruntled hotel employees. The 13 February fire at the Manila
Regent Hotel left at least 27 persons dead, including five Americans. A previously
unheard-from group called the "Angels" claimed it had started the blaze in protest
against US and Japanese support for the regime of President Ferdinand Marcos.
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Secret
How Iran Manufactures
Martyrs
A key element in the Khomeini regime's efforts to
export its revolution has been the use of terrorism by
individuals, usually devout Shia youths, who have
been carefully selected and trained to develop such a
keen sense of mission that they willingly die to
accomplish it. In the war with Iraq, Tehran's clerical
leaders have used specially developed suicide troops
for assaults through minefields and against fortified
positions. Rather than regular Army personnel, most
of these manufactured martyrs have been gullible and
unsophisticated people-some mere children-
specially recruited and indoctrinated for the mission.
The Suicide Terrorists
Iran draws on a large pool of young, devout, often
fairly well educated Shia males for suicide terrorist
missions. The success of terrorist attacks against the
"Great Satan" and other targets deemed anti-Iranian
appears to have enhanced recruiting campaigns by
highlighting the rewards of personal sacrifice in the
struggle by oppressed Muslims against Western
influences and ideologies. The typical candidate is
single, in his early twenties, and related to someone
who has already died on behalf of the Islamic
revolution, perhaps in the war with Iraq. For
understandable reasons, special preference is given to
those lacking close relatives.
The preparation usually takes about six months. It
consists of paramilitary training coupled with intense
religious and ideological indoctrination
The religious indoctrination, which is
punctuated by frequent exhortations from the Koran,
emphasizes the virtue of martyrdom and is driven
home during Muslim-style pep rallies lasting well into
the night. The trainees are given special attention by
prominent religious leaders and members of the
regime-controlled media. By the end of the process,
unsuitable candidates have been weeded out and those
willing to give their lives for Islam have been
identified-although the ones selected for suicide
operations do not always know the fate in store for
them. They are rarely given leave at the end of
training; instead they are dispatched as soon as
possible to carry out operations.
Prospective terrorists from foreign countries are
selected and trained in much the same way as
homegrown Iranians. Once again, the typical recruit
is a relatively young Shia bachelor, either with no
close family ties or from an unusually devout
fundamentalist family. Most foreign recruits undergo
extensive indoctrination on Iranian soil. We estimate
that well over a thousand Shias from Arab Gulf
states, along with at least several hundred from
Lebanon, have received training in Iran since 1979.
Many of these foreign trainees were recruited by
Iranian teachers abroad, others through Shia families
that have members in several countries.F_
The Suicide Troops
The Iranian Government uses similar techniques to
select and prepare candidates for human-wave attacks
on Iraqi positions. Over and over, unsophisticated
young people recruited from rural areas are told by
mullahs that the sacrifice of life in a holy cause 25X1
ensures instant access to paradise. Boys who
demonstrate blind obedience to religious leaders are
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troops are even given "maps" to heaven by Iranian
clerics before they attack. 25X1
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/. Over time, the average age of the
suicide troops has dropped to a point where many do
not comprehend the desirability of martyrdom,
forcing their leaders to tie them together for the
advance.
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GI TR 85-004
25 February 1985
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Outlook
The willingness of the faithful to die for their beliefs is
deeply rooted in Shia tradition; consequently, the
supply of potential terrorist and battlefield martyrs is
plentiful. Moreover, the techniques used by Iran to
select and train candidates for such missions have
proved effective. And Tehran's penchant for terrorism
has probably been reinforced by the impact of
Iranian-supported terrorist operations in Lebanon and
elsewhere in the Middle East. Thus Iran's enemies
probably face an extended challenge from suicidal
fanatics deployed by Tehran in support of its efforts to
export its Islamic revolution.
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Philippines:
NPA Shopping List
The US Embassy in Manila recently obtained copies
of extortion letters from units of the Communist New
People's Army (NPA) to two large Philippine
companies. In its report describing the letters, the
Embassy commented that they `provide useful
insights into the lifestyle, logistic support base, and
technical capabilities of the NPA.... [and] point to
growing sophistication in the operations of the
Communist insurgents." We agree and therefore pass
on the essential parts of the report below.
In addition to money, the Communist Party of the
Philippines (CPP) and its New People's Army (NPA)
frequently demand a variety of merchandise from
extortion targets. Often, these targets are mining and
logging companies and other enterprises operating in
rural areas of NPA influence. Recently, we obtained
copies of two letters exemplifying NPA demands.
The first letter, dated 23 July 1983, was sent to
Taggat Industries, a large logging firm in Cagayan
and Kalinga-Apayao Provinces in northern Luzon.
Taggat's owner, Alfonso Lim, has long been close to
President Marcos. The letter, addressed to Lim with
"revolutionary greetings," demanded 100,000 pesos
(US $5,000) and a long list of goods. Allegedly, the
goods were not to be used to threaten lives but were
intended for the good of society. Taggat was given a
few hours to pay and warned that it would suffer the
fate of another logging company raided by the NPA if
it did not comply. Taggat in fact did not pay, and
some of its equipment was burned by the NPA.
The NPA "shopping list," part of it set off as a
"special order" for candy, crackers, and cigarettes, is
revealing of the insurgents' lifestyle. As might be
expected, foodstuffs figure prominently, starting with
rice but also including canned fish, corned beef, sugar,
cooking oil, condensed milk, and coffee. The orders
are precise: "12 large jars Nescafe ... one big carton
Youngstown sardines," and so forth.
While the quantities demanded were not excessive,
the diversity of goods on the list shows what it takes to
keep an NPA unit in trim. Among the other items
requested were: long boots, longsleeve T-shirts ("10
pieces, color green"), laundry soap, assorted sizes of
batteries, two pairs of barber's scissors, toothpaste
("Close-up" and "Colgate"), razor blades, and an air
gun, presumably for birdhunting.
The NPA's penchant for the written word and record-
keeping is evident in demands for writing pads,
ballpoint pens, staplers, and even two calculators
("complete ... portable ... with square root").
Finally, the NPA asked for drugs. The malaria
suppressant "Aralen" heads the list and is followed by
penicillin; "Hemostan," used to control bleeding in
traumatic injury cases; ferrous sulfate, to combat
anemia; ointment for skin infections; sulfur soap;
headache and cold remedies; and peroxide. Also
requested were gauze and plastic bandages, absorbent
cotton, and rubbing alcohol.
[The second extortionary letter was delivered last
month to Benguet Corporation by the "Unified
Tactical Command" of the local NPA forces, which
attached its own "special orders" to the
"revolutionary taxes" assessed by its "higher
command."] Benguet Corporation neither paid the
revolutionary taxes nor filled the special orders, but
the list is nevertheless of interest. Foodstuffs come at
the end, almost as an afterthought: 250 kilograms of
rice and a carton of assorted canned meats and milk.
The heart of the list consists of electronic and office
equipment.
Highlighting the growing use of radios to coordinate
NPA tactical operations, the lead NPA request was
for six "ICOM ZA amateur band transceivers."
Secret
GI TR 85-004
25 February 1985
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Secret
These are hand-held "walkie-talkie"-type VHF or
UHF radios of limited power (about 1 watt) and range
(about 5 kilometers).... ICOM radios are made in
Japan and are at the lower end of the price range for
hand-held transceivers. The NPA also demanded
from Benguet Corporation related items: a
"multitester for radio" and three battery-operated
soldering pens.
Comment. In late 1984 the Philippine military raided
an NPA safehouse in Cagayan de Oro city in
northern Mindanao. Two ICOM VHF transceivers
were seized, along with a six-element directional
antenna. In July 1984, [a Philippine officer
commanding troops in Mindanao] told us that the
NPA was making growing tactical use of radios and
was distributing instructions to its units on how to
increase range by adding antennas. He also said that
the NPA had developed a logistic support and repair
capability to keep its radios in operation.
Other items the NPA unsuccessfully demanded from
Benguet included: two Sony five-band radio receivers,
three Sony FM/MW/SE seven-band receivers, three
national microcassette recorders, five national RX-
1900 radio cassette recorders, five Casio FX-700P
programmable calculators, two Brother typewriters
(one pica, one elite), and 10 Seiko or Casio digital
watches.
The "shopping lists" above are evidence of the
increasing sophistication in the operations of the
Communist Party and its New People's Army. In
recent months, we have had reports of NPA tactical
use of portable transceivers from several parts of
Mindanao, from northern Luzon, and from Quezon
Province, an hour's drive south of Manila. The NPA
is also evidently developing the capability to support
and repair the growing number of radios in its
possession.
Demands for typewriters, paper, calculators, cassette
recorders, and shortwave radio receivers are indicative
of the relatively high educational attainment of the
Communist Party/NPA leadership down to the local
unit level. These mostly young men and women, often
university trained, are revolutionaries, not "bandits,"
as many anti-Communist Filipinos would have it.
Typing up propaganda tracts; keeping financial
records, presumably including extortion ("taxation")
receipts; and staying in touch by radio with world
events are a part of the CPP/NPA operating style.
While neither Benguet Corportation nor Taggat
Industries gave in to NPA demands, there are other
companies that do pay out cash and goods to the
Communist enemy. Usually, they feel they have no
choice if they wish to stay in business. These are the
CPP/NPA extortion letters that we do not see.
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Secret
The Terrorism Diary
for March
Beginning in this issue, we present a monthly
compendium of dates of known or conceivable
significance to terrorists around the world. Please
note that the inclusion of a date or event does not
necessarily mean that we expect or anticipate a
1 March 1878
Bulgaria. Independence Day.
2 March 1972
El Salvador. Founding of People's Revolutionary
Army (ERP).
2 March 1956
Morocco. Independence Day (termination of Treaty of
Fez).
2 March 1977
Libya. Establishment of the Jamahiriya (people's
state).
3 March 1961
Morocco. Accession to throne of King Hassan.
6 March 1957
Ghana. Independence Day.
6 March 1975
Kurds. Accord between Iran and Iraq abandoning
support to the Kurds.
10 March 1979
Kurds. Death of Kurdish leader Mulla Mustafa
Barzani.
12 March 1880
Turkey. Birthday of Ataturk.
12 March 1968
Mauritius. Independence Day.
13 March 1979 25X1
Grenada. Coup d'etat by Maurice Bishop.
14 March 1975
Japan. Chukaku-ha (Nucleus Faction) leader Honda
assassinated by rival radical group.
15 March 1962
Angola. Founding of National Front for the
Liberation of Angola (FNLA).
16 March 1921
Armenians. Signing of Soviet-Turkish border-fixing
treaty that dashed Armenian hopes of establishing a
separate independent state.
17 March
Ireland. St. Patrick's Day (Ireland's national day).
20 March 1956
Tunisia. Independence Day.
20 March 1981
Colombia. Death of M-19 terrorist Carmenza
Londono ("La Chiqui").
21 March
Palestinians. "International Day of Solidarity With
the Struggle of the Arab People of Palestine Against
Israeli Aggressors."
21 March
Kurds. Kurdish New Year.
21 March 1960
South Africa. "Sharpeville Massacre" of black
demonstrators by security forces.
Secret
GI TR 85-004
25 February 1985
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22 March 1945
Arab Countries. Founding of Arab League (original
members: Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Saudi
Arabia, Syria).
23 March 1956
Pakistan. Pakistan Day (founding of Islamic Republic
of Pakistan).
24 March 1972
Northern Ireland. Beginning of direct rule by the UK
central government.
24 March 1976
Argentina. President Isabel Peron ousted by Gen.
Jorge Rafael Videla.
24 March 1980
El Salvador. Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero
assassinated by rightwing extremists.
24 March 1982
Pakistan. Army coup d'etat and declaration of
martial law.
25 March 1821
Greece. Greek Revolution Memorial Day (celebrating
beginning of independence from Turkey).
25 March 1932
Iraq. Independence Day.
25 March 1975
Saudi Arabia. Assassination of King Faisal and
accession of King Khalid.
25 March 1980
El Salvador. US Embassy attacked by Popular
Liberation Forces (FPL) in response to assassination
of Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero the previous
day. Since then, FPL attacks have been relatively
more frequent between 25 March and 6 April than
during rest of year.
26 March 1971
Bangladesh. Independence Day.
26 March 1978
Egypt-Israel. Peace agreement ratified.
28 March
Palestinians. National Day.
28 March 1970
Libya. UK evacuation day.
28 March 1980
Italy. Four members of Red Brigades killed in
shootout with Carabinieri in Genoa.
30 March 1974
Turkey. Death of Mahir Cayan, leading member of
Turkish People's Liberation Party.
30 March 1976
Palestinians. Day of the Homeland.
31 March 1964
Brazil. President Goulart ousted by military coup.
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Secret
Chronology of Terrorism-1984-85
Below are described noteworthy foreign and international terrorist events and
counterterrorism developments that have occurred or come to light since our last
issue. Events and developments that have already been described elsewhere in this
publication are not included.=
1984
8 December Angola: UNITA bombs Cuban quarters in Bie. Five Cubans, including two women,
were allegedly killed and two others wounded.
1985
5 January Spain: Bombs damage two banks in San Sebastian. No group claimed
responsibility, but ETA is suspected. _
28 January Angola: Government claims at least 30 civilians killed in UNITA attack on town
south of Luanda. UNITA denies having caused any but military casualties.=-]
Lebanon: Israeli-backed Christian militia leader's car bombed in southern
Lebanon. Since he was not in the car at the time, both Brigadier General Lahad's
unit-the South Lebanese Army-and the Israel Defense Forces have denied the
bomb was an assassination attempt. The Lebanese National Resistance Front
claimed responsibility.)
Philippines: Middle-level NPA official captured in Pampanga by security forces.
The district secretary of the Central Luzon Committee of the Communist Party's
New People's Army (NPA) was believed to command about 25 guerrillas at the
time of his arrest.
31 January France: Basque activist survives assassination attempt in Bayonne. Ejected from
his car by a bomb explosion, he escaped with only minor injuries. No one claimed
credit for the attack, but the Spanish Antiterrorist Liberation Group (GAL) is
? suspected.
Corsica: Antiseparatist leader shot and killed by separatists. The murder of the
head of the Association for a French Republican Corsica (CFR) came less than a
week after a separatist student at Corte University was shot and seriously wounded
by other students affiliated with the CFR.=
21 Secret
GI TR 85-004
25 February 1985
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 Government to permit it to open an office in Oslo.
Norway: US Embassy victimized by alleged PLO bomb hoax. A man claiming to
represent the PLO called an Oslo newspaper and said he had placed a bomb in the
US Embassy, but no bomb was found there. The Embassy believes the hoax was
an effort to discredit the PLO, which is trying to persuade the Norwegian
I February Portugal: FP-25 bombs destroyed eight cars owned by German servicemen at Beja
Air Force Base. One person was slightly wounded from the explosions.
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Spain: Iraultza bombs Firestone office in Bilbao. Carefully touching all bases, an
Iraultza spokesman claimed the bombing was in memory of a member killed two
years ago, in solidarity with the peoples of Central America, and against US
imperialism.
call.
Netherlands: Northern Terror Front firebombs police technical depot in.
Groningen. The attack, which caused only slight damage, was the third by the
previously unknown group in 12 days. A spokesman claimed credit in a telephone
done much damage. No suspects have been apprehended.
Liberia: Arson attempt on home of political leader foiled. Members of the family
of the new president of the Liberian People's Party discovered the fire before it had
Ethiopia: Two Swiss hostages released after a year's captivity by the Sudanese
People's Liberation Army (SPLA). Ethiopia acted as intermediary in the
negotiations. F-]
Spain: Bomb damages bar in San Sebastian. There were no casualties. No group
claimed credit for the attack, but ETA is suspected.n
Lebanon: Italian Embassy employee in Beirut kidnaped, interrogated, and
released unharmed. His Druze captors took the Lebanese clerk from his home to
their headquarters and questioned him all day about his work at the Embassy.[
France: Delivery van bombing in Bayonne severely wounds driver. The van was
totally destroyed by the explosion, and the driver's legs were blown off. The attack
is assumed to have been part of the current spate of Basque-related terrorism in
the region, although the victim has no known ties to the Basque movement or its
opponents. F--]
Argentina: Yes says no, thanks. The British rock group "Yes" canceled a concert
in Buenos Aires because of a bomb found at the theater. The Two April
Command, an anti-British group named after the date Argentina invaded the
Falklands, claimed responsibility for putting it there.=
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Secret
their raid on the provincial capital.
Cambodia: Khmer Rouge claims several Soviet and East European military
advisers killed in attack on hotel in Siem Reap. According to the Khmer Rouge
clandestine radio station, its guerrillas also killed 38 Vietnamese soldiers during
Sudan: SPLA guerrillas reportedly fire on civilians in southern town. The
attackers are said to have killed 17 and wounded more. The victims were members
of the Nuer tribe.
bombs, this one went unclaimed.
Lebanon: Car bomb explodes in Druze mountain town, injuring seven and causing
heavy damage. The town, south of Beirut, is the headquarters of a regional
government set up by Druze leader Walid Jumblatt. Like other recent anti-Druze
Lebanon: Airline executive kidnaped in West Beirut, probably by Hizballah. Sami
Rababi, a Christian, works for Lebanon's major air carrier. Amal chief Nabih
Berri is attempting to secure his release.)
have claimed responsibility.
Colombia: Eight bomb explosions in Medellin near offices of US-based
multinational firms killed night watchman and caused extensive property
damage. Both the National Liberation Army (ELN) and the Ricardo Franco Front
Spain: Three French-registered trucks attacked in Azpeita. Two were hit with
machinegun fire and the third was set on fire. There were no injuries. ETA is
supected.
El Salvador: Rightwing extremists twice threaten Baptist minister with death.
The "Command of the Revolutionary Anti-Communist Army (CERA)" has
further warned the San Salvador Baptist Association that its religious
congregation is "more Communist than Christian." The local religious community
is taking the threats seriously.n
10 February Namibia: SWAPO conducts mortar attack on residential area outside Oshakati.
According to security officials, a 15-man SWAPO team lobbed six Soviet-made
shells into the area. No injuries or damage were reportedr--] 25X1
Lebanon: Car bomb exploded near IUM headquarters in Tripoli, killing at least
eight and injuring 25. This was the second car bomb explosion at an Islamic
Unification Movement mosque in 10 days. Accusing Israel and the Christian
Phalange of being responsible, IUM leader Shaykh Shaban has vowed revenge.[
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damage were reported, and no one claimed responsibility.
Lebanon: Two men killed in explosion of boobytrapped car near Jordanian
Embassy. Neither the identities nor the affiliation of the victims are known, and no
group has claimed credit.=
groups. No one has claimed responsibility for the incident.
Colombia: Member of Colombian Government truce commission abducted and
shot dead in Huila. Jose del Carmen Yepes was the first commission member
reported killed since it was established last November to implement reforms
agreed to by the government as part of its truce agreement with the main guerrilla
Corsica: FLNC bombs French Army Headquarters in Ajaccio. Very early in the
morning, six armed and hooded men from the National Front for the Liberation of
Corsica tied up eight security officers and planted five bombs inside the building.
Three exploded, causing serious damage but no injuries. F--]
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Secret
Secret
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