TERRORISM REVIEW (U)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85-01095R000100220002-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 26
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 18, 2010
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: January 24, 1985
• Content Type: REPORT

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Directorate of
Intelligence
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Terrorism Review
24 January 1985
Secret
Secret
GI TR 85-002
24 Januarv 19R5
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Secret
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i
Terrorism Review)
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Focus-Ominous Terrorist Developments in Lebanon
3
Highlights
7
Western Europe: RAF Terrorist Campaign Spreads
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Argentina: Current Prospects for Leftist Terrorism
19
Namibia: Start of SWAPO's Annual Rainy Season Cam
paign
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Chronology of Terrorism 1984-85
This review is published every other week by the Directo
Appropriate articles produced by other elements of the
agencies of the US Intelligence Community will be consi
rate of Intelligence.
CIA as well as by other
dered for publication.
Comments and queries are welcome and may be directed to the Executive Editor
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Terrorism Review
Focus Ominous Terrorist Developments in Lebanon
Since the beginning of the year, three French soldiers have been murdered in
Beirut, and still another American has been kidnaped. Persons purporting to
represent Islamic Jihad have claimed credit for two of the murders and also for the
kidnaping. If these claims are correct, the incidents reflect a significant increase in
the tempo of Islamic Jihad activity. Even more alarming, there are indications that
Islamic Jihad may be altering its tactics in ways that would heighten even further
the threat to Americans and other Western nationals in Lebanon.
The Murders. On 7 January the deputy commander of the French observer force
in Beirut was found with a single bullet through his head. No one has claimed
responsibility for the assassination. On 14 January two members of the French
observer force were sprayed with bullets from a passing car as they patrolled a
crowded Muslim section of Beirut in their distinctive white jeep. An anonymous
phone caller told the Beirut office of the French news agency AFP that Islamic
Jihad had killed the two soldiers because they were spies for NATO, Israel, and
the Lebanese Phalangists. On 16 January, however, an anonymous male
telephoned the Lebanese newspaper Al Nahar and-also claiming to speak for
Islamic Jihad-denied that Islamic Jihad had killed the two French soldiers,
although he said that he supports and encourages such operations. We cannot
determine at this point which-if either-of these callers actually represented the
Shia terrorists who have used the name Islamic Jihad in the past, although we
believe that elements of Hizballah were behind both attacks.
The Hostages. On 8 January the head of Catholic Relief Services in Lebanon, the
Rev. Lawrence Jenco, was abducted by six to eight gunmen as he was being driven
to his office in West Beirut. On 11 January an anonymous male, speaking English
with a Lebanese accent, telephoned the Associated Press office in Beirut, claimed
responsibility for kidnaping Father Jenco in the name of Islamic Jihad, and
warned Amal leader Nabih Barri that he would "bear the responsibility of any
intervention to release any of the Americans we hold." He explained that Jenco
had been kidnaped because Islamic Jihad's "ultimatum" that the Americans leave
Lebanon had been ignored. If all Americans-except newsmen-would leave, the
caller said, his group would "release all five without any [other] conditions." The
admission that Islamic Jihad was holding five hostages was the first confirmation
that American University librarian Peter Kilburn, who disappeared last month,
had also been kidnaped by the organization. On 14 January, another anonymous
phone caller speaking in the name of Islamic Jihad said that the five American
hostages-each of whom he named-were to be tried as "agents of the CIA" and
that they would "get the punishment they deserve."
1 Secret
GI TR 85-002
24 January 1985
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A Change in Strategy. Whether or not the murders of the French soldiers were the
work of Hizballah terrorists, the kidnaping of Father Jenco almost surely was, and
the public assertions regarding the hostages almost certainly are genuine. These
assertions are in stark contrast to the secrecy and anonymity that characterized
the kidnaping and negotiations for the release of David Dodge, the President of the
American University of Beirut. During that incident, the kidnapers never publicly
revealed their identities, affiliations, or motives. Now the low public profile
formerly cultivated by the Shia terrorists appears to be giving way to a new, more
assertive and confident posture. In fact, the Iranian-inspired terrorists apparently
have embarked on a propaganda campaign, perhaps hoping to spark the kind of
intense American public reaction that marked the prolonged takeover of the
American Embassy in Tehran. Moreover, the delivery of the Islamic Jihad threat
to a US news agency-previous Islamic Jihad messages have been conveyed
through the local media or a French news agency-indicates that an American
audience is being targeted.
In addition, the warning to Nabih Barri implies that Hizballah believes it is
gaining ground at the expense of Amal. The overt tone of challenge to the
moderate Shia leader suggests that Hizballah may be trying to attract more
widespread support among Lebanese Shias by portraying itself as an alternative to
Amal.
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Highlights
CCC Car Bomb Signals Growing Europeanization
of RAF Anti-Imperialist Campaign
The campaign in support of the Red Army Faction hunger strikers spread from
West Germany to Belgium on 15 January, when the Communist Combatant Cells
(CCC) set off a car bomb in front of the US NATO Support Activity building
outside Brussels. The bomb heavily damaged the building and blew out windows as
far away as 100 meters. The two MPs who were guarding the building were
shaken up; one was injured.n
deadlier campaign after a pause to reload.
In a long-winded communique reminiscent of standard RAF bombast, the CCC
claimed credit for the bombing and dedicated its act to the RAF martyrs (those
who died in action or in prison) as well as to the RAF members now on a hunger
strike. The CCC also announced the end of its "first anti-imperialist campaign,"
declaring that the campaign had achieved its intended goals. The communique,
obviously composed before the bombing, makes clear that the CCC intended and
expected that the bomb would kill the two MPs. The group promises a second,
Action Directe and RAF Issue Joint Declaration of Guerrilla War
In a further indication of the growing Europeanization of the RAF terrorist
program, Action Directe and the RAF issued five-page French and German
versions of a joint declaration of war on the "totality of the imperialist system."
The document stresses the importance of building unity in the struggle against
"the imperialist machine" in Western Europe. The formation of such an
international "anti-imperialist front" has long been the primary goal of the RAF.
Growing Political Violence
Already this year, several politically motivated killings have occurred, suggesting a
growing tendency in the increasingly polarized Salvadoran society to settle
arguments with bullets. No part of the political spectrum seems immune to the
violence:
? On 6 January, following a political argument, the chief presidential corruption
investigator was murdered by a follower of the National Republican Alliance
(ARENA); in turn, the investigator's two bodyguards killed him.
? Two days later, unidentified gunmen killed the Mayor of Santa Elena, a member
of the moderate National Conciliation Party.
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24 January 1985
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? On 11 January, a prominent leftist trade union member was killed in a suburb of
San Salvador by two unknown gunmen.
? On 14 January another ARENA member was shot and killed.)
French Caribbean ARC Announces Terrorist Campaign
On 1 January at a press conference in Barcelona, leaders of the Caribbean
Revolutionary Alliance (ARC) announced plans to intensify its terrorist campaign
against French interests in the Caribbean. The ARC, which set off more than 20
bombs that wounded 23 persons last year, has already conducted a number of
bombings this year. To date the group has used tactics similar to those of the
Corsican separatists-many small bombs designed to achieve continuing political
impact while limiting casualties and damage. Recent arms seizures, however,
indicate the group is capable of more serious attacks.F_-]
The French plan to hold a referendum on independence in New Caledonia
apparently has encouraged the proindependence groups in the Caribbean, which
now want similar treatment. On the other hand, pro-French groups in the
Caribbean are reportedly dismayed by the proposed referendum, which they see as
capitulation to the demands of a minority. F7
Foreign Aid Personnel Leaving the Southern Region
Because of the deteriorating security situation and the poor prospects for any quick
improvement, US and other foreign government and private aid groups are
evacuating nonessential personnel from southern Sudan. Even the members of the
Norwegian Church Aid Group, whose projects in the region are 10 years old, have
decided to reduce their presence to the bare minimum.)
The Volcano Erupts Again
On 13 January in Rome, Libyan diplomat Faraj Umar Makhyun was shot and
killed near his home by a gunman armed with a silencer-equipped Walther pistol.
Although he may have been wounded by Makhyun's return of fire, the gunman
escaped apprehension. The Libyan opposition group Al Burkan (the Volcano)
claimed responsibility. The same group also took credit for assassinating Libya's
ranking diplomat in Rome last January and for injuring Qadhafi's cousin and
confidant Qadhaf al-Dam by blowing up his car in Sirte, Libya, last March.F_
Terrorist Attack Supporting New Caledonian Separatists
On 14 January the previously unheard-from "Louise Michel Group" blew up a bus
at the Toulouse gendarmarie barracks, apparently in reprisal for the recent deaths
of two Kanak (Melanesian) nationalists in New Caledonia. Graffiti left on the wall
attacked the role of the special police intervention units from the Toulouse region
that were sent this month to New Caledonia to quell civil disorder there.F--]
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Mozambique
Louise Michel was a French revolutionary of the time of the Paris Commune who
was deported to New Caledonia; thus, the use of his name suggests French rather
than Melanesian thinking. It is possible that the Louise Michel Group is composed
of New Caledonian separatists living in France, but it seems more likely that this
is merely a new name being used to disguise an old group, perhaps the indigenous
French leftwing terrorist group Action Directe, which claimed responsibility for
two bombings in support of the New Caledonian separatists last month. F__1
More Anti-Druze Bombings in West Beirut
On 11 January a bomb composed of a mortar shell attached to 20 kilograms of
TNT exploded outside the Druze-owned Bank of Lebanon and Arab Countries,
killing three people and wounding 37. A previously unheard-from group calling
itself the "Free Youths of Beirut" claimed responsibility and demanded that all
Druze leave Beirut. On 12 January two more bombs exploded in Druze-controlled
areas, killing three persons and injuring as many as 60; again the Free Youths of
Beirut claimed credit. A third bomb of unknown provenience exploded near a
Druze checkpoint, but caused no casualties. On 16 January two bombs exploded in
a Druze-owned apartment house, killing at least one person and injuring about 40.
No group claimed responsibility.)
Blame for the bombings has been ascribed variously to the Israelis, to pro-Arafat
Palestinians, to the Murabitun (Sunni Muslim militia), and to the extremist Shia
Hizballah. We suspect that most if not all of these anti-Druze bombings have been
conducted by the Lebanese Forces (Christian militia). The Christians and the
Druze have been fighting each other for years, and both sides have used such
bombings to supplement more conventional combat.
OLF Initiates Terrorist Campaign
On 1 January the southern Ethiopian Muslim separatist tribal group Oromo
Liberation Front (OLF) began its latest violent campaign by blowing up a bridge.
The following day OLF units stopped two taxis and kidnaped the Christian
passengers, killing a chief of police when he happened upon the scene. Reportedly,
the kidnap victims were later executed. OLF guerrillas also looted stores and
robbed the passengers of private vehicles in the area. Similiar OLF attacks against
Christians and their property occurred at about the same time last year.)
was later captured by local people and beaten to death.
New RENAMO Attacks Claim More Than 100 Victims
During a recent nine-day period, guerrillas of the Mozambique National
Resistance ambushed three buses and attacked a convoy of private vehicles
traveling on roads leading to Maputo. In one incident the victims were robbed but
that appeared to have been an afterthought. According to press accounts, as many
as 60 persons may have been killed and more than 40 wounded in the four attacks.
One newspaper reported that a terrorist involved in one of the bloodier incidents
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ANC Jailbreak or Swazi Duplicity?
According to the police, on 2 January, in what seemed to be an operation of the
African National Congress, four armed men forced the Mbabanen jail to turn over
to them three ANC prisoners. The same armed men reportedly appeared later at
other jails and tried but failed to obtain the release of other ANC detainees, but
the police have denied this. F-1
The ANC denied any involvement in the incident and charged instead that the
Swazis had actually turned the prisoners over to the South Africans. They have
requested that the Organization of African Unity intercede with the Swaziland
Government to keep it from doing the same to other ANC prisoners. Relations
between the ANC and the government have been poor since the government
responded to South African pressure by forcing the ANC to curtail its activities in
Swaziland, and they deteriorated even further after the ANC murdered a high-
level Swazi police officer last month. []
Police Raid Chukaku-ha Armory
On 9 January Japanese police raided a safehouse in Yokkaichi, near Nagoya, and
arrested two members of the leftwing terrorist group Chukaku-ha (Nucleus
Faction). The police also confiscated weapons, several rockets, and various tools
and chemicals associated with incendiary devices. The police believe they have
uncovered the armory in which were prepared the devices used in four incendiary
attacks last year, including the rockets fired by the group at the US Consulate
General in Kobe last month. F-1
Probably in revenge, on 11 January Chukaku-ha attacked a Tokyo police research
institute using one of its truckmounted flame projectors. No one was injured, but
the four-story building was heavily damaged.)
Chinese gangsters in California
Intelligence Service Implicated in Murder of US Journalist
The Taiwan Government admitted on 14 January that some officials of the
Defense Ministry's Intelligence Bureau were involved in the murder of Chinese-
American journalist Henry Liu in San Francisco last year. The director of the
Bureau has been suspended and a full investigation has been promised. Liu had
written a critical biography of ROC President Chiang Ching-kuo And at the time
of his death was investigating ties between the Taiwan Government and overseas
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Western Europe:
RAF Terrorist
Campaign Spreads
Supporters of the imprisoned Red Army Faction
hunger strikers are continuing their low-level terrorist
campaign of bombings and arson attacks in West
Germany. In addition, other north European countries
are experiencing spillover incidents of vandalism and
demonstrations related to the hunger strike by
indigenous groups. The most serious of these incidents
was the car bomb attack by the Communist
Combatant Cells of Belgium against the US NATO
Support Activity building outside Brussels. Since the
CCC's appearance on the scene in October 1984, it
had concentrated exclusively on property. Although
the car bomb attack caused no casualties, the CCC
declared it was only the first in a new phase of its
"anti-imperialist" campaign designed to inflict
casualties. Below is a chronology of RAF and RAF
supporters' attacks against NATO, US, and West
German targets since the hunger strike began.
1984
4 December Beginning of hunger strike declared by
Red Army Faction members on trial in
West Germany. F7
17 December Arson attack against the Seimens
Company warehouse in Frankfurt-am-
Main. Two-thirds of the building
destroyed, $3-4 billion in damage.F_
18 December Attempted car bombing at NATO
officers' training school in
Oberammergau. The bomb contained a
bucket of bolts for shrapnel effect and
55 pounds of explosives-part of 800
kilograms stolen from a Belgian quarry
in June.l
21 December Arson attack damaged two US Army
trucks in Frankfurt-am-Main. RAF
supporters claimed credit.
25 December Bomb attack at the regional computer
center for the Reutlingen adminstrative
district, 30 kilometers south of
Stuttgart. Front of building destroyed.
Claimed by RAF supporters and later
by the Revolutionary Cells (RZ). F_
Bomb attack against Turkish Consulate
in Muenster. Claimed by the RAF.
26 December Arson attack against US Army chapel
in Wertheim: $23,000 to $26,000 in
damages. No claim made but RAF
supporters believed responsible.
27 December Attack against Siemens Company
equipment in Cologne. Claimed by 25X1
RAF supporters in sympathy with
hunger strikers.
29 December Attempted firebombing of a storage
building at Lindsey Air Station at 25X1
Wiesbaden. Claimed by Anti-
Imperialist Front, an RAF periphery
group. 0 25X1
30 December Bombing of British Army building
housing a US Army intelligence
battalion. $20,000 in damages. RAF
supporters took credit.
Bomb caused $100,000 worth of
damage to US Army communication
antenna. RAF supporters claimed
responsibility.
31 December Bombing of the French Embassy Annex
in Bonn caused $32,400 worth of
damage. RAF supporters claimed
credit.)
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1985
2 January Firebomb attack against US Consul's
residence in Frankfurt-am-Main. Paint
thrown at neighboring French Consul's
residence. Both claimed by RAF
supporters. F_~
4 January Munich-bound train halted outside of
Amsterdam by RAF supporters of
hunger strikers. Thirty demonstrators
painted slogans on train and handed out
leaflets.F___1
7 January Bomb exploded at valve juncture point
on NATO pipeline. No damage to
pipeline. RAF supporters claimed
credit.)
13 January Attempted bombing of Bundeswehr
Territorial Defense Command Office in
Wiesbaden. Bomb was successfully
defused. RAF suspected.F__-]
15 January Car bomb at US NATO Activity
Support building. One MP slightly
injured, another shaken up. Communist
Combatant Cells claimed credit,
dedicating their attack to the RAF
hunger strikers.0
20 January Bomb exploded prematurely outside the
computer offices of Zueblin
Construction Company. Killed in the
explosion was Johannes Thimme, who
served a jail term for membership in a
terrorist group and recruiting for the
RAF. His accomplice, Claudia
Wannersdorfer, was severely injured.
Damage to the building was about $1
million.)
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Argentina: Current Pros ects
for Leftist Terrorism
The recent extradition from Brazil to Buenos Aires of
Montonero terrorist leader Mario Firmenich has
again focused public attention on the danger of a
resurgence of leftist terrorism in Argentina.
Terrorism by the left has been a persistent source of
political instability in Argentina and has played a
central role in undermining the authority of both
military and civilian regimes. President Alfonsin's
tough response to the first inklings of terrorist
reorganization shows, in our view, that he understands
the gravity of the potential threat. For this reason-
and because most of the radical leftists doubt that the
current political climate is suitable-we foresee little
chance of serious terrorism emerging over the next six
months.F__7
Return of the Montoneros
The Montoneros, who first emerged in the late 1960s,
have long sought to convert Peronism into a
movement of the revolutionary left. After Juan
Peron's death in 1974, the Montoneros clashed openly
with the Peronist Party's conservative leadership and
were expelled from the movement by his widow and
successor, Isabel. The Montoneros continued to
struggle for what they termed "authentic Peronism,"
becoming one of South America's largest, wealthiest,
and deadliest terrorist groups. Nevertheless, they
were crushed after the military coup of 1976. The few
Montoneros who were not killed or captured by the
armed forces were forced into exile, where they
launched a largely ineffectual propaganda campaign
against the military.
numerous Montoneros returned to Argentina in the
months following the election in October 1983 of the
new civilian government. If they expected any
lenience from the authorities, however, it did not
materialize. Alfonsin, who personally abhors
terrorism and needs to hold the left accountable for its
crimes if he is to successfully prosecute the military
for its excesses during the antiterrorist campaigns of
the late 1970s, took a tough stance regarding the
Montoneros. Two top Montonero leaders, Ricardo
Obregon and Oscar Bidegain, were arrested soon after
they returned to Buenos Aires in December 1983, and
Firmenich has remained in custody since his
extradition from Brazil in October 1984. Moreover,
public statements by government officials indicate 25X1
that Alfonsin-despite cutbacks in military
spending-intends to preserve the military's ability to
monitor terrorist capabilities.
Internal Divisions
In our view, these arrests dealt a severe blow to the
Montonero movement and have hindered its efforts at
reorganization. With their most experienced leaders 25X1
in prison or in hiding, the Montoneros' once-solid
chain of command has broken down.
two basic currents have emerged: a 25X1
relatively moderate majority faction loyal to
Firmenich and a number of splinter groups more
prone to violence.F___1
The Firmenich faction has publicly abjured violence,
asserting that the Montoneros will now concentrate on
electoral politics. Before his arrest, Ricardo Obregon
announced the dissolution of the Montoneros as an
armed force and their reconstitution as the Authenti, .
however, that instead of forming an independent 25X1
party, the Montoneros have attempted to infiltrate the
regular Peronist movement's radical left wing, the 25X1
Peronist Intransigence and Mobilization IMP
faction;
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We believe that the Montoneros'
current goal is to gain full control of the IMP and use
it to turn the entire Peronist movement toward the
revolutionary left. The Montoneros are supplementing
this strategy by infiltrating Peronist-controlled trade
unions and rural cooperatives.
We believe that the Firmenich faction's rejection of
violence is only a tactical maneuver and that it would
return to armed struggle under more favorable
circumstances. The Montoneros have pledged in the
past to work for peaceful change, but they quickly
reverted to violence when conditions shifted.
Furthermore,
members of the group are rearming and continuing to
train in terrorist tactics and guerrilla warfare. Recent
public statements by Roberto Perdia and Fernando
Vaca-the top Montonero leaders not in prison-have
hinted at a resumption of violence if Alfonsin
continues to "persecute" the movement. F_~
The immediate danger, however, stems from those
Montoneros who question the leadership's cautious
stance. Although not divided among themselves about
other issues, such as leadership, they all doubt that
the Montoneros can ever dominate Peronisnrand are
eager to resume violence.
provinces, where it conducted sporadic rural guerrilla
warfare until the late 1970s. Like the Montoneros, the
group was ravaged by the military's post-1976
crackdown.
the ERP lost 85 percent of its cadre
and close to 95 percent of its weapons, safehouses, and
vehicles during that period.
Press reports indicate that remnants of the ERP-
probably no more than 100 persons-returned to
Argentina in the wake of the election of Alfonsin. As
with the Montoneros, the group split into moderate
and radical factions. Unlike the Montoneros, however,
the ERP appears to be fairly well organized and
cohesive, and it follows the orders issued by exiled
leaders in Nicaragua.
the exiled ERP leaders-
chief of whom is Enrique Gorriaran-have declined to
return home because they believe that Alfonsin would
have them arrested just like the Montonero leaders.
The ERP is reportedly seeking to expand its political
base by infiltrating the small but influential far-left
Intransigent Party (PI). The ERP has chosen the PI
because the two groups are ideologically compatible
and,
because the ERP wants to avoid competing with the
Montonero penetration of the Peronists. The ERP has
also been active in a handful of leftist labor unions
and some of Argentina's human rights organizations.
Its overall success in these efforts is unclear,
the ERP's long-term goal is to return to
Reorganization of the ERP
Argentina's other significant leftist terrorist group is
the People's Revolutionary Army (ERP). In contrast
to the vague populism espoused by the Montoneros,
the ERP's ideology is rooted in Trotskyite Marxism-
Leninism and has drawn inspiration more from
Castro and Mao than from Peron. Emerging
concurrently with the Montoneros, the ERP was
smaller and was concentrated in Argentina's interior
armed struggle. In the meantime, however, the
group's more moderate sector has effectively reined in
unruly elements who want to initiate violence
immediately. Recently, for example, exiled leaders
reportedly denied permission for an ERP cell to
recover arms from a cache established in the late
1970s. While reassuring as to the movement's short-
term intentions, this may indicate that the ERP
retains at least a rudimentary capability to undertake
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terrorism if it decides to abandon its current policy of
relying solely on political infiltration
ERP-Montonero Contacts
The ERP and the Montoneros have begun to set aside
longstanding ideological disputes and work together.
Representatives of the two groups held a meeting in
Cordoba Province in April 1984, according to press
Foreign Support
Although ERP-Montonero collaboration may ease
logistical barriers-such as the lack of sufficient
weapons and funds-to a resumption of terrorism, in
our view, the radical left would still require
considerable foreign support before it presented a
serious threat to Argentine democracy. At present,
prospects for such aid are dim:
Outlook
We believe that the ERP and the Montoneros will
concentrate on political activity for at least the next
few months. Both groups recognize that, in the wake
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 of the terrorist bloodletting and military repression of
the 1970s, there is scant popular support in Argentina
for political violence. And the Alfonsin government's
arrest and prosecution of Montonero leaders has sent
a clear message to the left that a return to terrorism
will bring swift retribution.
The Montoneros will not, in our view, succeed in
wresting control of the Peronist movement from the
center-right. Senator Saadi and the IMP faction have
recently suffered a series of setbacks and appear to be
losing status within the party. At best, the
Montoneros can hope to retain a voice in the Peronist
movement left via the IMP or, if the movement splits,
dominate a small independent radical Peronist
faction. The ERP has slightly better prospects for
expanding its political influence through the
Intransigent Party. The PI did well in recent student
elections, and polls show that it could become a
vehicle for the expression of leftist discontent with
Alfonsin. The party lacks a national structure and
following, however, and its radical ideology has
historically prevented it from attracting more than
5 to 10 percent of the electorate.
Although leaders of both the ERP and the
Montoneros are likely to be preoccupied with political
machinations over the coming months, the possibility
of violence by dissident elements of either
organization cannot be discounted. Such evidence is
more likely in the case of the Montoneros, where
discipline appears to be weaker. We believe that the
Montoneros' radical fringe does have the capability to
conduct kidnapings and assassinations. Such actions
could be triggered by further arrests of terrorist
leaders, a harsh verdict in the trial of Firmenich, or
provocation by rightwing terrorists. But we also
believe that, under present circumstances, such leftist
violence can be contained by the security forces.
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Namibia: Start of SWAPO's
Annual Rainy Season Campaign
An upsurge of guerrilla attacks and skirmishes in
northern Namibia in December probably signaled the
beginning of this year's rainy season infiltration by
the South-West Africa People's Organization
(SWAPO). The seven reported attacks suggest that so
far the infiltration remains shallow and small scale,
but they include a higher incidence of urban
bombings than is usual for this time of year, when the
guerrillas normally concentrate on military targets.
The.South African and Namibian responses have
been limited to defensive operations in northwestern
Namibia and the South African-occupied strip of
southern Angola. Pretoria has warned, however, that
it will mount a "massive countereffort" if SWAPO
conducts a full-scale infiltration involving several
hundred guerrillas like it did last year.-]
An Annual Event
During each of the past several years, SWAPO has
begun a campaign of guerrilla operations in Namibia
about the middle of the rainy season-roughly
November to April-by infiltrating guerrillas from its
bases in Angola. At that time dense foliage and clouds
provide good concealment, the rains wash away the
guerrillas' tracks, and pools of potable water are
readily available in the normally and countryside.
Typically, the SWAPO units concentrate initially on
conducting hit and run attacks on the government
forces, mounting standoff attacks against military
bases with mortars and rockets, and mining the
roadways indiscriminately. Since SWAPO has no
bases in Namibia, most of the guerrillas return to
Angola when their supplies run low. A few remain in
Namibia during the dry season, however, and begin
attacking civilian targets.F__1
Last year, SWAPO began its infiltration in January;
guerrilla contacts peaked in March; and the
insurgents turned to urban bombings in mid-April,
The firing of 30 mortar rounds at a police camp one
day in February probably involved a dozen or more
guerrillas, whereas the small bombs planted in
Windhoek and five northern towns in late April could
each have been planted by a single individual.'
The Current Campaign
Secret
GI TR 85-002
24 January 1985
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The SWAPO campaign began in early December, as
predicted. An assault on a military base close to the
border on 6 December was followed by an attack on
another base deeper in Namibia later the same week.
Since then, in addition to various bombings and
standoff attacks, SWAPO guerrillas have reportedly
abducted 40 civilians, six of whom were subsequently
rescued by government troops.
SWAPO appears to be turning to urban terrorism
earlier than usual. Since the beginning of this year,
four SWAPO bombings in towns in northern
Namibia have killed seven civilians and injured 20.
Targets have included a crowded post office, a store,
and the same gas station where two American
diplomats died last year.
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We expect more SWAPO infiltration during the rest
of this month and in February, but the total effort will
probably be less than last year. We also believe that
the trend toward more urban bombings is likely to
continue, partly because Angolan and South African
patrols are preventing the infiltration of the larger
groups of insurgents needed to attack defended
military targets, and partly because the recent
SWAPO attacks have demonstrated an intent to
inflict civilian casualties.
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If there is a major infiltration, Pretoria probably will
assume Luanda's complicity and might consequently
resume offensive operations in Angola. Since the
forces likely to be used-particularly the 61st and
32nd Battalions-have already left their garrisons, we
would not necessarily have advance warning of sucl25X1
operations. F_~
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Chronology of Terrorism-1984-85
Below are described noteworthy foreign and international terrorist events and
counterterrorism developments that have occurred or come to light since our last
issue. Events and developments that have already been described elesewhere in
this publication are not included. n
1984
11 December Senegal: Air Afrique plane en route from Marseille to Dakar makes emergency
landing when bomb discovered in lavatory. Other explosives were later located by
police dogs. F1
22 December Germany: Clash between left- and right-wing Turks in Stuttgart injures two. An
attempt by Turkish rightists to hold a meeting in a German-owned building was
met with protests, demonstrations, and a fight with left-wing Turks leaving two
people injured. The leftists were supported by a German Green councilman and
other German nationals. Police fear retaliatory actions.
22-23 December Zaire: In Moni, rebels killed a village chief who refused to allow them use of his
village for a base of operations.F__~
24 December South Africa: Largest weapons cache discovery in South African history made
following arrests of members of the African National Congress (ANC) on
December 14. South African security officials believe these weapons and those
found in another cache earlier in the year were intended for use in an ANC rural
terrorism campaign.
24-26 December Sudan: UNDP-supported institute in Yambio hit twice in three days by
dissidents. Although there were no casualties, the library and radio equipment in
the building were damaged and other equipment was stolen.
25 December Namibia: Two people killed and three wounded when SWAPO terrorists opened
fire on a crowd gathered in Changwena. Later that day, 40 civilians were abducted
from Oshigambo by SWAPO; government claims six young girls rescued by
security forces.)
23 Secret
GI TR 85-002
24 January 1985
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Western Sahara: Polisario attacked a South Korean trawler, resulting in some
casualties and damage to the ship. The captain of the trawler, who reportedly had
no license for fishing those waters, was arrested by the Moroccans upon his return
to shore for endangering his crew.
31 December El Salvador: The leftist Clara Elizabeth Ramirez Metropolitan Front (CERF)
simultaneously occupied six radio stations in San Salvador. The CERF broadcast
30-minute recordings from the stations, denouncing the dialogue with the Duarte
administration and American involvement in El Salvador.=
1985
1 January
Israel: Two bombs were defused in Jerusalem. No group claimed responsibility for
placing the devices.)
Early January Philippines: Unidentified gunmen killed two mayors and ambushed a governor
and his family in three separate incidents. On 2 January the mayor of Zaragosa
and three other persons were shot to death at the city hall. The same day, a car
carrying the governor of Abra Province was ambushed; the governor, his wife, a
daughter, and two others were wounded, while his three-year-old son was killed.
On 5 January, the mayor of Santa Ana was killed while attending Mass.
Guerrillas of the Communist New People's Army are suspected in at least two of
the attacks.
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Chile: Five members of the leftist Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front (FPMR)
seized a bus in Santiago and burned it. Subsequently, the same group threw a
grenade into a plaza in Santiago, slightly injuring one or two youths.
Tunisia: A bomb went off in the parking lot of the Ministry of Interior causing no
casualties and little damage. The unclaimed incident occurred on the anniversary
of bread riots in 1984.1
Guadeloupe: Four bombs exploded in Pointe-a-Pitre, leaving one injured. The
bombings occurred the day before the trial of the leader of the terrorist
Revolutionary Caribbean Alliance (ARC) began. A previously unknown group
calling itself Justice Nouvelle (New Justice)-possibly a pseudonym for the
ARC-claimed responsibility on 10 January.[
Iraq: Baghdad bombers intended other attacks. The Syrian- and Iranian-backed
Iraqis who confessed to the 12 December bombing of a duty-free office in
downtown Baghdad planted other bombs at a bridge and the airport, but all failed
to explode. Iraqi TV claimed the terrorists tried to blow up an Eygptian airlines
office as well.n
Lebanon: A small bomb exploded in the building housing the offices of Agence
France Press in West Beirut, causing material damage but no injuries. No group
claimed responsibility, but, according to press reports, police sources speculate that
the bomb was placed by the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia
(ASALA). The group claimed responsibility for similar attacks on 28 December
against Air France offices and Fransbank in West Beirut.)
4 January Dominican Republic: Director of a money-exchange bank and his chauffeur were
kidnaped across from the National Police Palace and later killed. The two badly
tortured bodies were found on 7 January near an Air Force base. Police have no
suspects. F__1
Spain: GRAPO members bomb Madrid shop, wounding one. After threatening the
owners of the shop for refusing to pay a revolutionary tax, the terrorists robbed the
shop prior to the bombing=
Guadeloupe: Bomb explodes in Gosier, destroying a motorcycle parked near a
police station. In a letter, the Justice Nouvelle group claimed responsibility,
threatened action against two French officials, and promised more bombings.F
Namibia: SWAPO probably responsible for two explosions at an Oshakati service
station. Extensive damage reported but no casualties. This was the site of a 1984
SWAPO attack that killed two American diplomats.
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5-6 January Sri Lanka: Securityforces kill Catholic priest. Government troops on a
counterterrorism operation fired into a Catholic church outside the town of
Mannar and apparently killed the parish priest, an ethnic Tamil. Reports conflict
as to whether the troops were in pursuit of a Tamil guerrilla force, whether any
arms were recovered, or whether up to eight other persons were killed. The
government has denied any knowledge of the priest's whereabouts, while Tamil
liberation groups have begun to exploit the incident for its propaganda value.
7 January Lebanon: Kidnaped Swiss Charge was released unharmed. Amal spokesmen
claimed one of their security teams rescued the Charge and said he was being held
by relatives of Husayn al-Atat, who was arrested in Zurich on 18 November.
Atat's arrest led to the arrest in Ladispoli, Italy, of seven other Lebanese who were
apparently planning to attack the US Embassy in Rome=
7-11 January India: Sri Lankan patrol boat seized after firing on fishing vessels. On 7 January
two Indian fishermen died when their boat was attacked by a Sri Lankan patrol
craft engaged in counterinfiltration operations. Sri Lanka charged that the boat
was within its security zone, but the fishermen claimed to have been in Indian
waters. After a second patrol boat was reported firing at Indian boats within
Indian waters, the Indian coast guard apprehended the craft and impounded it at
the southern port of Mandapam.F-]
8 January Namibia: Two shoppers killed and seven injured when SWAPO bombed a crowded
dry goods store in Ondangwa. This store has been hit twice before by SWAPO.
8-9 January Sri Lanka: Government claims success against Tamil group. Security forces
reportedly overran a camp of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in the
Jaffna area and killed 14 terrorists-including a local LTTE leader-captured 44
others, and seized a large quantity of arms and ammunition. The LTTE is believed
responsible for most of the killings of Sri Lankan soldiers and policemen in 1984
and is thought to have 10 other bases within the country.=
Colombia: Four people were injured by a bomb placed at the Meyer Institute, an
American-owned language school in Bogota. Police speculate that the blast might
be connected to the recent extradition of four alleged Colombian drug traffickers
to the United States.
Nicaragua: US nun kidnaped by Contras. Maryknoll Sister Nancy Donovan was
held for several hours by members of the Nicaraguan Democratic Force and then
released unharmed when her captors realized she was American. =
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9 January
Lebanon: Four people were killed and 15 others wounded when a 33-pound bomb
exploded outside the Christian-owned Smuggler's Inn restaurant in West Beirut.
No group claimed responsibility. F-]
Italy: A former member of an Italian counterterrorist unit was assassinated near
Rome by two gunmen. Although the attack was claimed by the Red Brigades in a
subsequent phone call, the authorities believe the claim may be false.F___-]
10 January Jordan: A bomb was discovered in front of a US AID employee's home in Amman.
The device, consisting of 15 blocks of TNT, did not have either a power source or
timing device, so it was not actually armed. Police sources told US Embassy
officials that on 9 January similar devices were discovered at the Iraqi and
Kuwaiti Embassies. This information, however, has not been confirmed.)
Chile: A car bomb seriously damaged the Sheraton Hotel in Santiago but
inflicted no casualties. No group has taken credit for the bombing.)
10-14 January Portugal: FP-25 violence continues. On 10 January a bomb explosion at the home
of a textile industrialist near Barcelos was claimed by FP-25, but an explosion on
this date near Estremos that killed a 14-year-old boy was unclaimed. Two days
later several shops were damaged by an explosion near Lisbon that an FP-25
member claimed was directed toward the chief of the local paramilitary unit of the
Republican National Guard. On 14 January two cars were damaged by minor
explosions in Lisbon and FP-25 is suspected.
11 January Colombia: Explosion caused extensive property damage to an administrative
office in central Bogota belonging to the Ministry of Labor. The Ricardo Franco
Front has claimed responsibility for the attack. F-]
12-14 January France/Guadeloupe: The Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance (ARC) exploded three
small firebombs in Guadeloupe. One destroyed a small yacht at anchor off Gosier,
and the others burned three private vehicles. Pointe-a-Pitre gendarmes, in a search
conducted the next day, seized an arms cache containing AK-47 assault weapons,
Molotov cocktail ingredients, and some handguns.
? 14 January Spain: Theater showing US film bombed. Members of Iraultza, the small radical
Spanish Basque Communist movement, claimed credit for bombing a movie
theater that was screening the US' film "Red Dawn." The explosion caused slight
damage, but no injuries.)
South Africa: Three suspected terrorists and one policeman killed during a police
raid on an isolated hut in northern Natal.
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14-15 January France: Iparretarrak loses an appeal-and bombs the prosecution. The Appeals
Court at Pau on 15 January upheld the convictions of five members of
Iparretarrak, the French Basque terrorist group. In anticipation of the court's
decision, Iparretarrak the night before exploded a car bomb outside the home of
the chief prosecutor of Bayonne, destroying his automobile. 0
Zimbabwe: District chairman of the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union
party was near Nyaki bayonetted and shot to death. Although no claims were
made, the government blames dissidents.)
16 January India: Gunmen wound Sikh high priest. Three youths, believed to be Sikhs, firing
from a motorcycle, shot and wounded one of the five high priests of the Sikh
religion in Punjab state. The priest is a moderate Sikh leader and may have been
attacked to sabotage government reconciliation moves. =
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