TERRORISM REVIEW (SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85-01095R000100080002-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 25
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 15, 2010
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: July 12, 1984
• Content Type: REPORT

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Directorate of
Intelligence I A ASTER FILE Copy
DO NOT LIVE OUT
OR MARK ON
Terrorism
Review
SeereE
GI TR 84-015
12 July 1984
Copy 495
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Secret
Terrorism
Review n 25X1
12 July 1984
1 Perspective-Terrorists Versus Insurgents
Highlights
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15 Chile: The Bombings Continue
This review is published every other week by the Directorate of Intelligence.
Comments and queries are welcome and may be directed to the Executive Editor
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Terrorism
Review 25X1
Perspective Terrorists Versus Insurgents
The borderline between terrorism-which is almost universally condemned-and
insurgency-which is often considered a legitimate form of political activity-is ill
defined. Despite the ambiguities, we have defined terrorist acts to include all
premeditated, politically motivated acts of violence against noncombatants by any
subnational groups or clandestine state agents. By this definition a great deal of
what insurgents do is counted as terrorist activity. Indeed, a terrorist act can be
committed by a leftist, a rightist, a religious leader, a patriot, or a crackpot. An or-
ganization can mix terrorism with insurgency, as the PLO and UNITA do, or with
common crime, as the Red Army Faction and M-19 do.
The difficulty in distinguishing between a terrorist and insurgent action stems in
part from the fact that terrorist and insurgent policy goals frequently are similar.
Sendero Luminoso, for example, wants to control Peru. The Eritrean rebels want
to control their part of Ethiopia. In most cases, obtaining this control is
tantamount to overthrowing and replacing the existing government. Many terrorist
groups also believe they are on the road to-or in the vanguard of a movement
dedicated to-seizing political control of part or all of a country. The Palestinians
and the Armenians, for their part, covet specific pieces of territory. The ethnic sep-
aratists, such as the Northern Irish, the Basques, the Corsicans, and the Tamils,
all want political control over the land they occupy. Other terrorist groups-the
Red Brigades, for example-are more interested in destroying government control
and legitimacy in their countries.
It is also difficult to distinguish insurgents from terrorists on the basis of
organization. Both insurgent groups and terrorist groups use illegal political
organizations and irregular military forces. Most terrorist groups possess fighting
elements that, like insurgent groups, they characterize in military terms-army,
brigades, column, fedayeen, commando, urban guerrilla. Also like insurgent
groups, along with what they term military operations, many terrorist groups
engage in propaganda, recruitment, front and covert party organization, and
international activity.
Since insurgent and terrorist groups use many of the same tactics, maintaining the
distinction between the two on these grounds is at times exceedingly difficult.
From the standpoint of tactics, for example, an Afghan insurgent attack on the So-
viet Embassy in Kabul is no different from an Iranian-sponsored terrorist attack
on the US Embassy in Kuwait. Many insurgent organizations, moreover, use force
specifically to instill terror. Parties of 50 to 200 Sendero Luminoso insurgents, for
example, commonly raid Peruvian towns to demonstrate the powerlessness of the
government security forces. During such a raid they may kill the mayor and other
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local officials (perhaps after a mock trial) or single out 30 or 40 people for public
execution (perhaps by beheading) on the basis that they are government inform-
ants. UNITA has begun using similar though less extreme tactics in parts of
Angola, and the New People's Army has long used such tactics in the Philippines.
Insurgent attacks against military objectives are generally not considered to be
terrorism. Large unit attacks on government military and police forces and
facilities, for example, or on infrastructural targets such as bridges, dams, power
stations, transmission towers, and the like are usually deemed legitimate insurgent
activity. Even here, however, the distinction between insurgent and terrorist
activity begins to blur when the attacking insurgent unit consists of a small group
or maybe an individual sniper or saboteur. If such an attack took place in a
country where there was no acknowledged insurgency, we would classify it as
terrorism.
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Highlights
Chad: Threat to Americans and French? In late June near Mongo, rebels stopped a
vehicle carrying a Spanish priest and three foreign doctors. After demanding
passports to ascertain the nationalities of their captives, the rebels stated they had
orders to execute any US or French citizens discovered. This is the first report that
rebels in the central region may be specifically targeting Americans for execution.
Costa Rica: Threat to US Businessmen. Officials of Firestone, Gerber, Merck, and
Union Carbide, upon being advised of reported plans by terrorists to kidnap one or
more US businessmen, have left Costa Rica temporarily. Although the origin of
the threat has not been clearly identified, the
Costa Rican terrorist group "La Familia" recently received $250,000 from the
Nicaraguan Government to finance such kidnapings. A successful kidnaping
would undermine the US Government policy of attracting private US investment
to Costa Rica, something the kidnapers may be well aware of.
Key Indicators France: Release of Iparretarrak Members May Mean Violence. French authorities
fear that the release from preventive detention of four alleged members of the
French Basque group Iparretarrak (Men of the North) in Bayonne on 7 June might
mean renewed violence by the group this summer. The four-including the brother
of the group's fugitive leader-were arrested on 10 January as they were taking
blindfolded journalists to a clandestine news conference. They were acquitted of
conspiracy charges for lack of evidence that the press conference would have
constituted a crime. Early this year Iparretarrak announced an "intensification of
the armed struggle against the French Government." Consequently, the
prosecution had hoped to keep the suspected Iparretarrak terrorists out of action at
least for the duration of the tourist season. In 1982 Iparretarrak mounted an
antitourism campaign in which it burned and bombed tourist facilities along the
Basque coast.
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GI TR 84-015
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Portugal: Authorities Move Against FP-25. Reacting to the recent upsurge in
activities by the Popular Forces of 25 April (FP-25), Portuguese security forces
began conducting operations against the group on 19 June which led to the
detention of more than 40 people and uncovered caches of weapons, explosives, and
money. Among those arrested was Lt. Col. Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho, one of the
leaders of the Portuguese Revolution in 1974 and currently head of the extreme
leftist party Popular Unity Force (FUP). Portuguese officials believe that there is a
close link between the FUP and FP-25. Security officials now believe that FP-25
consists of 40 to 50 hardcore members and 100 to 150 active sympathizers.)
The raids have dealt a significant but not necessarily incapacitating blow to the
FP-25. Portuguese police now fear that the group may try to retaliate, perhaps by
attacking security personnel or other government targets. Although FP-25 has
hitherto limited its attacks to Portuguese interests, the US Embassy suggests
foreign interests may also be at risk, in view of the "anti-imperalist" sentiments of
FP-25. Ominously, on 27 June two members of the group called a news conference
at a Lisbon beach and threatened actions to prove that the security operations have
not seriously hurt FP-25's operational capability.)
Significant Developments El Salvador: Guerrilla Recruiters Resort to Kidnaping. In recent months, the
leftist guerrillas have turned to kidnaping as a means of augmenting their forces.
Since 1 March 1984, more than 1,300 youths-both male and female, some as
young as 12-have been press-ganged into the guerrillas' ranks. Occasionally, 40
or 50 people have been kidnaped at a time. The fact that the guerrillas have had to
resort to such tactics suggests that their popular appeal has been waning.
Moreover, the practice is further eroding their base of support. F__~
Lebanon: Israel Attacks Suspected PLO Base. On 27 and 28 June, Israeli
warplanes and gunboats bombed a suspected Fatah training camp and naval base
on Aranib (Palm) Island, 5 kilometers from the northern Lebanon city of Tripoli.
the strike was intended to forestall a maritime terrorist
attack from the naval base against a northern Israeli coastal area
Lebanese police sources told the press that the island
was used jointly by Arafat's forces and the fundamentalist Lebanese Sunni Islamic
Unification Movement (the so-called Tawhid Militia) ever since Fatah was ousted
from Tripoli in late 1983. The Tawhid are known to depend upon Fatah and Iran
for money and military aid. At least 20 were killed and 70 wounded in the raid,
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which extended to a Palestinian refugee camp on the mainland and a Syrian-
controlled airfield north of Tripoli after Israeli aircraft were fired on from those
positions. In a statement appearing to confirm a Palestinian presence on the island,
a DFLP spokesman in Damascus asserted that an Israeli prisoner being held on
Aranib was among those killed in the attack.
Lebanon: Amal Moves Against Islamic Amal Group. In Beirut, Nabih Barri's
mainline Amal militia attacked the camp of the radical Shia Husayn Suicide
Forces and arrested their leader, Abd al-Ilah Musawi (Abu Haydar), on charges of
robbing the Saudia family bank of West Beirut. (The Husayn Suicide Forces, a
component of Islamic Amal, the pro-Iranian breakaway splinter of Amal, are
widely believed to have been involved in the 1983 bombings of the US Embassy
and the US Marine barracks in Beirut.) In a related incident, Amal forces
reportedly surrounded an office belonging to Islamic Amal in Shiyah and arrested
14 group members. An Amal spokesman told the press that the attacks also were
conducted because of the numerous cease-fire violations committed by pro-Iranian
Shias.
Israel: Update on Jewish Terrorism. On 27 June, 20 suspected members of the
Jewish terrorist underground pleaded innocent to murder and other charges
related to a four-year campaign of violence against Palestinians in the West Bank.
Six other suspects accused of killing three and wounding 33 Palestinians in an
armed attack on Hebron Islamic University last July are to be tried separately.
The trials have been recessed by the judge until 16 September, taking the cases out
of the election campaign period. On 17 June, an immigrant from the United States
who was a member of an alleged Kach Movement hit squad that conducted six
attacks was sentenced to a four-year prison term with the balance to be suspended
after 21 months have been served. Other charges that could have resulted in up to
22 years in prison were dropped in return for the defendant's confession.
Israeli Government fears that some Jewish extremists are still at large were 25X1
apparently confirmed on 27 June when an organization calling itself The Sons of
the King-Emergency Headquarters sent letters to Jewish settlers on the West
Bank threatening them with death if Arabs are employed or used to supply goods
to an Israeli settlement. Moreover, Rabbi Meir Kahane, leader of the Kach
Movement, continues to praise Jewish underground activities. On 14 June he said
it was too bad the accused terrorists had been caught, since they were performing
actions that glorified God. F__1 25X1
Kuwait: New Program To Stop Infiltrators. On 26 June, Kuwaiti security officials
leaked to the press new plans intended to stop Iranian-backed infiltrators from
entering the country by sea. Five new coast guard observation posts reportedly will
be built, and helicopters and patrol boats with modern surveillance equipment to
detect illegal infiltration will be deployed
We do not know when the plan will be
operational. Some of the terrorists and explosives used in the December bombings
could have entered Kuwait by sea.F---]
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Iran: Threat To Hijack Commercial Airliner. Iranian Prime Minister Khamenei
on 27 June publicly threatened hijackings of airliners from other..nations if Iranian
aircraft continue to be seized. Two Iranian aircraft have already been hijacked this
month. On 15 June four Iranian defectors flew a Fokker F-27 transport of the
Iranian naval forces to France after stops in Bahrain, Egypt, and Italy. France
returned the plane along with three Iranian passengers who did not want to leave
their country. On 26 June, two armed hijackers forced an Iran Air Boeing 727 to
fly to Qatar where all 140 passengers and all but three crewmen were released.
The pilot was then forced to fly to Cairo and then on to Baghdad after Egypt and
France refused to grant the hijackers asylum. Once in Baghdad, the hijackers
claimed to be part of a movement inside Iran that supported former Prime
Minister Bakhtiar and wanted to expose the evils of the Khomeini regime to the
world. Tehran said it blames Iraq, Israel, Egypt, and the United States for the
hijackings. On 27 June an anonymous phone call in Paris also warned France in
the name of the Islamic Jihad that reprisals would come to France if the four
hijackers were not extradited to Iran.n
Sri Lanka: Bomb Near New Israeli Interests Section. The newly opened Israeli
Interests Section, was
probably the target of a 28 June bomb attack. The bomb at the Oberoi Hotel,
which houses the new section, killed one person and wounded another, blew out
windows on eight floors, and did considerable damage to the interior. Although the
bomb went off two floors above the Israeli office and at the opposite end of the
hotel, two pieces of evidence suggest that the Section had been the target. A letter
signed by the "Tamil Eelam Tigers" which threatened to bomb the US Embassy
or the Israeli Interests Section was received on 14 June. Furthermore, less than an
hour after the blast, a second bomb was found and defused two floors below an
office of the Sri Lankan Minister of National Security; local press accounts had
credited the Minister with arranging for the opening of the Interests Section,
which is to advise the Sri Lankan Government on combating Tamil terrorism.F_
If the hotel bombing can be confirmed to be the work of a Tamil group, it would
represent a noteworthy escalation in Tamil attacks, since it would be the first
bombing perpetrated in Colombo itself and would also demonstrate a new
indifference to mass casualties, even to mass foreign casualties. The kidnaping of
an American couple last May in Jaffna had been the first attempt by the Tamils to
use foreign nationals in their terror campaign against the government.
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Angola: Update on UNITA Hostages. 25X1
four or five of the 11 foreign civilians captured by
UNITA are US citizens. UNITA is moving the Americans to a "safe area" in
southern Angola, where they are to be released upon arrival, probably late in July, 25X1
according to the International Red Cross. UNITA has required that high-level
emissaries from the United Kingdom and Czechoslovakia travel to UNITA-
controlled territory to obtain the release of their citizens, but UNITA leader Jonas
Savimbi told a Western reporter that no such demand will be placed on the US
Government, and that US citizens were taken hostage only by accident. F__1 25X1
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In a related development, on 22 June at a UNITA base in Jamba, UNITA turned
20 Czechoslovak civilians captured in March 1983 over to representatives of the
Czechoslovak Government (including a deputy foreign minister) and the
International Red Cross. UNITA thus used the hostages to force the Prague
regime into direct, high-level negotiations that implied a degree of diplomatic
recognition. F-1
West Germany: RAF Leaders Arrested. On 3 July at an apartment in Frankfurt,
police arrested Christa Eckes, Stefan Frey, Ingrid Jacobsmeier, and Helmut
Pohl-four of the six most wanted members of the Red Army Faction hardcore.
The police raided the apartment after the occupants of the apartment below
complained that someone had fired a bullet through their ceiling. The police also
arrested two other persons, whom they believe to be new members of the hardcore,
and confiscated a small arsenal of handguns and grenades. In an earlier
development, on 22 June at a rural site near Stuttgart, police apprehended
Manuela Maria Happe, another suspected new member of the hardcore, after a
shootout in which one of the policemen was injured. Evidence seized during the
arrests indicates the RAF may have been planning an attack on the judge
presiding at the trial of Brigitte Mohnhaupt and Christian Klar, the RAF leaders
captured in November 1982.1
Unquestionably, the latest arrests were another major blow to the RAF, reducing
its capability to mount the sort of spectacular terrorist operation for which it has
become notorious. Nevertheless, the apparent success of the group in once again
reconstituting its operational nucleus is evidence that it would be unwise to count
the RAF out permanently even now.n
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The End of Abu Nidal?
which had ejected Abu Nidal in late 1983 as part of
its effort to improve its standing in Western and
moderate Arab capitals, reportedly allowed the
Incidents Linked to Abu Nidal Group in 1984
8 February UAE Ambassador Mubarak assassinated in Paris. Investigation discovers a
probable link to Abu Nidal.
Late February Three Abu Nidal operatives arrested in Jordan while planning to throw grenades
at Jordanian Intelligence Headquarters and at the French, British, and UAE
Embassies in Amman.
One bomb explodes in parking lot of Intercontinental Hotel across the street from
US Embassy in Amman, Jordan. Two Americans injured. A second bomb defused
at same site. Two other bombs defused near British Council Building in Amman.
Abu Nidal operatives arrested and confess that second bombs at each location
intended to kill people brought to sites by first explosion.
Abu Nidal and PFLP-GC operatives
are implicated.
Dissident former member of Abu Nidal Group assassinated in Nicosia, Cyprus.
Two probable Abu Nidal operatives arrested while reportedly trying to place
explosives in Jordanian Embassy in Sanaa, North Yemen. Two previous break-in
attempts had been detected since March.
Rumors and fragmentary information suggest Abu Nidal operatives planning
attacks on Jordanian and other moderate Arab targets in Western Europe.
41-year-old terrorist to return sometime in May as a 25X1
political refugee, after it was clear he was terminally
ill and had become seriously disenchanted with his 25X1
Syrian Government patrons. Iraq denied both publicly
and privately to US officials, however, that there was
any substance to press reports in early June that Abu
Nidal had returned to Baghdad.
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The Abu Nidal Group, also known as the Black June
Organization and as Fatah-the Revolutionary Coun-
cil, may be fragmenting as a result of the death or
incapacitation of its leader, with some members being
incorporated into other Palestinian groups.
The Abu Nidal Group has been one of the world's
most dangerous terrorist organizations. Six bombings
or attempted bombings and three armed attacks were
attributed to the organization in the first six months
of 1984, indicating the validity of its reputation. Its
fragmentation may mean a reduced terrorist threat,
Iraq is likely to continue to deny any contacts with
terrorists to avoid jeopardizing relations with moder-
ate Arab and Western states.F___1
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Chile: The Bombings Continue
The wave of terrorist violence evident in recent
months shows no sign of ebbing in the near future,
despite tougher government counterterrorism meas-
ures. We do not believe, however, that the attacks yet
pose much of a threat to the Pinochet regime.)
According to US Embassy reporting, leftist terrorists
have already detonated more than 230 bombs thus far
in 1984, compared with approximately 170 in all of
The attacks have been directed primarily against
public property and electrical installations, and most
seem to have been designed to avoid causing casual-
ties. A few, however, such as the bombings of subway
cars and of an occupied police bus, seem to have been
intended to kill large numbers of people, although
none has yet done so. Only a few people have died
from the bombings, although several dozen have been
injured. F-1
Among the several groups which have claimed respon-
sibility for attacks, in recent months the Manuel
Rodriguez Patriotic Front (FPMR)' has come to the
fore. The FPMR describes itself as a revolutionary
group and claims to be independent of all political
parties. Chilean authorities charge that the FPMR is
the military arm of the Chilean Communist Party
(PCCh), but they have not provided any supporting
evidence. Chilean police have recently arrested several
alleged members of the FPMR,
' Manuel Rodriguez was a minor hero of the Chilean independence
struggle who led a small guerrilla force against the Spaniards.
According to the US Embassy, the Chilean left has chosen to
The FPMR probably does have the backing of ele-
ments of the PCCh, but we suspect that the group is
composed of members of the Movement of the Revo-
lutionary Left (MIR), La Chispa, and the Socialist
Party/Almeyda faction, in addition to the PCCh.
None of the groups is believed to possess either the
resources or the manpower to carry out the current
bombing campaign by itself. F-1
In recent weeks, the Chilean Government has adopted
a number of new measures in an effort to bring the
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terrorism problem under control. In May, for exam- 25X1
ple, a controversial new antiterrorist law was ap-
proved. It expands the definition of terrorist crimes,
imposes stiff penalties for terrorists and their accom-
plices, assigns civilian courts a leading role in judging
terrorist crimes, and allows the interception of private
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correspondence. Furthermore, the junta has granted
arrest powers to the secret police and intends to
provide them with more men and money. The national
police have also been ordered to add personnel and
purchase modern equipment to fight terrorism. A new
antiterrorism super commission has been established
to replace an ineffectual advisory board formed in late
1983. It is composed of the heads of the military
services and other top officials who have the authority
to evaluate and execute tasks assigned to their partic-
ular service.
Despite these measures, the current level of terrorist
activity appears likely to continue into the near
future. It will take time for the police to recruit and
train the additional personnel, although the added
resources will eventually increase their efficiency.
Until now, the police have shied away from overly
repressive tactics in their efforts to control violence.
Even with more efficient police forces, the govern-
ment is likely to continue to avoid measures that
might spark too great a backlash from the Chilean
public. In any event, the country has already demon-
strated that it can tolerate this level of violence, at
least for the time being.
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Chronology
Below are described noteworthy foreign and international terrorist events and
counterterrorism developments that have occurred or come to light since our last
issue. Events and developments that have already been described in the
Highlights at the front of this publication are not included.)
28 May 1984 Angola: UNITA Attacks Villages
In the area of Cassongue, insurgents of the National Union for the Total
Independence of Angola (UNITA) attacked four villages. While causing 40
military casualties, the attackers reportedly also killed or wounded 30 civilians,
kidnaped some 200 civilians, burned 300 houses, destroyed more than 40 other
buildings including the hospital, and damaged industrial and commercial property.
UNITA is evidently trying to show the consequences of noncooperation and
demonstrate the inability of the regime to protect its citizens.
29 May and 6 June 1984 Turkey: Sentencing of Terrorists Continues
In Manisa, a military court sentenced 30 members of the banned neofascist
National Action Party (Gray Wolves) to various terms of imprisonment for
committing a series of crimes, including murder. In Ankara, a military court
sentenced to death two members of the Turkish People's Liberation Army-
Revival Organization. Another member of the terrorist group was sentenced to life
imprisonment. The terrorists were charged with attempting to overthrow the
constitutional order and with murder.
who have been sentenced to death in Turkey.
Netherlands: Turkish Airlines Office Occupied
In Amsterdam, unarmed members of the Turkish extremist group Dev Sol
(Revolutionary Left) occupied the office of Turkish Airlines for a short time before
being arrested. The occupation was a show of solidarity with Dev Sol members
believed to be part of three separate ETA commandos.
Spain: Basque Terrorists Arrested
In the Provinces of Pizcaya and Guipuzcoa, 12 members of Basque Fatherland and
Liberty (ETA) have been arrested in connection with bombings of banks,
businesses, and police patrols. Arms and explosives were also seized. The 12 were
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13 June 1984 Mexico: US Language Institute Bombed
A previously unknown group, the Comando Revolucionario Mexicano, took credit
for a bomb that exploded at the Mexico City headquarters of the Summer
Institute of Linguistics. The institute is run by US missionaries who have been
resisting Mexican Government efforts to close it down. Windows were blown in,
but no one was injured in the bombing, which was the first significant act of
terrorism to occur in Mexico City in several years. The Mexican Government
believes it was an isolated act rather than the beginning of an anti-US campaign.
14-20 June 1984 Chile: Armed Propaganda Campaign
On 14 June the Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front (FPMR) claimed credit for the
bombings of electric towers which blacked out five regions of the country including
Santiago. On 15 June in Temuco, radio transmission was cut by an explosion at
Radio La Frontera; no group claimed responsibility. On 20 June near Santiago, 30
armed FPMR members killed a conductor and wounded a railway guard during
the takeover of a train on 20 June. After distributing propaganda and hanging a
banner announcing the six-month anniversary of the founding of the FPMR, the
group detonated a bomb and escaped in the ensuing confusion.n
14 June 1984 Spain: Civil Guard Slain
In San Sebastian, a member of Spain's civil guard was killed by a car bomb
planted by members of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty-Military Wing
(ETA/M). A passerby was also injured by the explosion.=
15 June 1984 Spain: Civil Guard Shootout With ETA/M
In Hernani, a civil guard was critically wounded and two members of ETA/M
were killed in a shootout triggered by a police raid on a terrorist commando center.
Greece: Bomb Found in Court Building
A large unexploded time bomb was discovered in an Athens court building.
Apparently, its timing mechanism had malfunctioned. No one claimed
responsibility for the bomb.
France: Bomb Injures Basque Refugees
In Biarritz, on the Basque coast, the detonation of a remote-controlled bomb
attached to a motorcycle seriously injured two Spanish Basques and slightly
wounded two others. Press reports credit the vigilante Antiterrorist Liberation
Group (GAL) with the bombing.
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14-15 June 1984 Namibia: SWAPO Attacks
In Oshitei, guerrillas of the South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO)
abducted three civilians according to press reports. In northern Namibia, two
powerful bombs destroyed a hardware store. The attacks are further evidence of
SWAPO's emphasis on civilian targets since the Angolan-South African
disengagement agreement disrupted SWAPO's lines of support. F-1
Northern Ireland: INLA Member Killed in Shootout
In Belfast, Paul McCann, a leading member of the Irish National Liberation
Army (INLA), was killed in a shootout with police who raided the apartment
where he was hiding. Reportedly, McCann killed one police officer and wounded
two others before he was killed. At his funeral on 18 June, mourners threw stones
and paint at police and soldiers who had set up a roadblock to prevent a
paramilitary guard from heading the procession. One policeman was slightly
injured.1
Iraq: Kurds Kidnap Two More Europeans
On a road between Mosul and Dahuk, a West German and an Austrian who were
working on a dam project were kidnaped. On 25 June in Paris, the Kurdish
Democratic Party (KDP) claimed credit for the incident and demanded the release
of 65 Kurds from Iraqi prisons and of some 8,000 Kurdish villagers from a prison
camp. The KDP has been holding five other West European technicians for several
months now. F__1
16-17 June 1984 India: Sikhs Arrested, Arms Seized
In Punjab, with the arrest of 75 more suspected Sikh terrorists, the total number of
Sikhs arrested since the 6 June storming of the Golden Temple reached 4,700. The
security forces seized an unspecified quantity of arms and ammunition and 15
bags of opium from the latest detainees. One suspected terrorist was killed while
resisting arrest in Amritsar.n
Bolivia: State Bank Bombed
Unidentified individuals bombed a branch office of the State Bank in Camargo.
Damage was limited and no casualties were reported. F-1
18 June 1984 Turkey: Death of Hunger Strikers
In Istanbul, Turkish military authorities reported the deaths of three of the 500
convicted and imprisoned leftist terrorists who began a hunger strike on 11 April.
The hunger strikers are protesting jail conditions. Relatives of the hunger strikers
reported the death of a fourth prisoner and the fact that 10 other protesters are in
intensive care in Istanbul's military hospital. F]
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Corsica: Commemorative Bombings
A series of 17 bombs exploded across the French Mediterranean island, marking
the first anniversary of the disappearance of separatist leader Guy Orsoni, believed
by his supporters to have been murdered by factional enemies. The explosions
damaged several banks and offices and injured a policeman.)
18-19 June 1984 Pakistan: Arrested Terrorists' Indian Connection
In Lahore, two alleged terrorists armed with a rifle and a submachinegun were
arrested. The Pakistani press reported they had entered the country from India to
assassinate important Pakistani figures. This pair, and a trio arrested in Sialkot
the next day, were said to have ties to the Al Zulfiqar terrorist group and to have
been trained in India. The local press emphasis on an Indian connection in these
arrests is partly in reaction to the heavy Indian reportage of alleged Pakistani
involvement in the Sikh separatist movement.)
Mid-June 1984 The Bahamas: Police Under Fire
In Nassau, four police stations have been attacked since early June. One
policeman has been killed, five injured, and several civilians have been shot. In two
instances the attackers simply drove to the front of the police stations and opened
fire. Apparently, the cars used were hijacked, with their owners locked in the
trunks and later released unharmed. The only clues to the assailants are two
West Germany: Bombing of Pipeline
Near Schwaebisch-Gmuend, a NATO fuel pipeline was bombed. Responsibility
has been claimed by the Revolutionary Cells (RZ), although authorities have not
excluded the possibility of Red Army Faction (RAF) involvement. While it is too
early to tell whether the bombing signals the beginning of a new trend, West
German authorities are concerned about the possibility of future attacks of this
type. F-1
South Africa: ANC Bombings
In Bethal, a man identified by police as a known member of the African National
Congress (ANC) was killed while attempting to bomb the Magistrate's Court. The
apparently premature explosion caused only slight damage to the structure.
Meanwhile, in Durban a bomb probably planted by the ANC exploded at a
transformer station situated next to a retirement home.
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Mid-to-Late India: Anti-Immigrant Bombings
June 1984 In the northeast province of Assam, a series of bombings has marked the return to
violence of an anti-immigrant campaign that claimed more than 3,500 lives in
early 1983. Six persons were wounded in a bazaar blast in Gauhati on 13 June,
and another bomb damaged a rail line just outside the capital city on 25 June. The
most serious explosion, which occurred on 27 June in Tezpur, near Gauhati,
wounded 21 people.F7
Austria: Assassination of Turkish Diplomat
In Vienna, a powerful car bomb killed the Turkish labor attache and seriously
injured three other people. In a telephone call to a French news agency, the
Armenian Revolutionary Army claimed responsibility for the attack. The attack
may have been in retaliation for the life sentence-without possibility of parole-
given to an Armenian terrorist in Los Angeles on 15 June, after his conviction for
the 1982 assassination of a Turkish diplomat in Los Angeles.)
21 June 1984 Greece: Libyan Exile Killed
Muhammad Salik Shutayti, the Libyan editor of an anti-Qadhafi Arab-language
daily, Dialogue, was shot five times in the chest while at the wheel of his car in
Athens. Two masked men-probably Libyan agents-were seen leaving the scene
on a motorbike. Another Qadhafi opponent involved in distributing material
critical of the Libyan regime was wounded by a Libyan agent on 13 June. F-1
Brazil/Argentina: Firmenich Extradition Approved
On 21 June the Brazilian Supreme Court voted to extradite Montonero leader
Mario Eduardo Firmenich to Argentina on charges of homicide, attempted
homicide, and kidnaping. Under Brazilian law, political crimes cannot form the
basis for extradition. Firmenich was arrested by Brazilian police on 13 February.
22-24 June 1984 Peru: SL Launches New Offensive
Dynamite, arson, and armed attacks in the Emergency Zone and the districts of
San Martin and Huanuco by Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) terrorists claimed
the lives of approximately 50 police and peasants and wounded a similar number.
Targets included police posts, eight towns, electrical facilities, and the El
Infiernillo railroad bridge in central Peru. Closure of the bridge will cut the flow of
minerals, petroleum, and foodstuffs between Lima and central Peru for a month.
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22 June 1984 Afghanistan: Soviet Embassy Rocketed
In Kabul, local reports indicate that members of an unidentified resistance group
rocketed the Soviet Embassy. One round was said to have landed within the
Embassy grounds, killing a Soviet citizen.n
Italy: Antonov Released Under House Arrest
In Rome, Bulgarian national Sergey Antonov was released from prison, due to his
poor health, and placed under house arrest. Antonov is charged with complicity in
the 1981 attempted assassination of the Pope.
France: Bomb Exploded at Armenian Center
In Paris, a bomb explosion at an Armenian center associated with the university
injured two persons. No one claimed responsibility for the blast.)
Italy: Terrorist Arsenal Surrendered to Church
In Milan, members of the small terrorist group Communist Revolutionary
Committees-believed to have been associated with the now defunct Prima Linea
terrorist organization-have voluntarily surrendered weapons to Archbishop
Cardinal Martini. The Italian press speculates that the terrorists may be trying to
use the Church as an intermediary to establish a dialogue with the Italian police,
now that plea bargaining is officially no longer an option.n
Lebanon: Libyan Diplomat Kidnaped and Freed
In West Beirut, six armed men of the Shia extremist Musa as-Sadr Brigade
kidnaped Mustafa al-Maghribi from the lobby of the Bristol Hotel. A hitherto
unknown organization calling itself the Children of the Palestinian Revolution also
tried to claim credit. In a message to the press, the kidnapers said the diplomat
would be freed once Libya issued a statement on the fate of the Imam Musa as-
Sadr, who vanished after a trip to Libya in 1978, and after all Libyan nationals
leave Lebanon. After an effort to obtain his release via negotiation, the mainline
Shia Amal Militia stormed the place where he was being held and freed him
unharmed. Amal turned the Libyan over to Syrian military intelligence in
Shtawrah on condition that he and his family leave Lebanon. Amal said, however,
that the demands of the kidnapers were "still valid."
Lebanon: Austrian Diplomat Slain
In Beirut, a small group of unidentified gunmen shot the Austrian Administrative
Consul for Embassy Security as he was getting out of his car after parking it.
According to local authorities, Gerhard Loitzenbauer was killed after refusing to
give his car keys to the assailants. The attack might have been part of the ongoing
campaign by unknown groups to force foreigners out of Beirut, but criminal theft
also is a possible motive.F_~
24 June 1984 Pakistan: Two Al Zulfigar Terrorists Sentenced
In Lahore, a special military court sentenced two members of Al Zulfiqar each to
25 years in prison. They had been arrested in 1981 for manufacturing illegal
explosives in Lahore. 0
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Lebanon: American Professors Leaving Beirut
American professors of the American University of Beirut, having recently
received numerous threatening telephone calls and letters instructing them to leave
Lebanon immediately, appear to be complying.)
Colombia: M-19 Supports Debtors' Cartel
Guerrillas belonging to the 19th of April Movement forced Bogota Press Agency
employees to broadcast a communique supporting the formation of a bloc of Latin
American debtor nations to deal with economic restrictions imposed by
international financial institutions.n
25 June 1984 Greece: Attempted Seizure of Pan Am Office by Turkish Emigres
In Athens, eight Turkish emigres attempted to seize the offices of Pan American
World Airways but were foiled by police. The emigres had also distributed leaflets
signed by Dev Sol (Revolutionary Left). The leaflets express support for the
Turkish prisoners who have been on a hunger strike since 1 April seeking improved
prison conditions in Istanbul's military prisons. Meanwhile, at the UN Mission
police arrested 11 Turkish leftists who had occupied the office in support of the
hunger strikers.n
Lebanon: French Embassy Car Blown Up
In West Beirut, a car belonging to a Lebanese secretary in the French Embassy
was blown up in the latest of a series of attacks aimed at the foreign diplomatic
corps in the Muslim sector of the city. No one claimed credit for the attack. F-
26 June 1984 Libya: UK Diplomat Visits Captive Britons
Tripoli allowed a British diplomat to see five of the six Britons under arrest in
Libya. It was the first outside contact allowed since their arrest in the wake of the
April siege of the Libyan People's Bureau in London. Libyan authorities have not
indicated why the six men are being held, but we believe it is to forestall further
British reprisals.
27 June 1984 Turkey: Seizure of Banner Bombs
In Istanbul, Turkish police seized three political banners associated with Dev Sol.
One of the banners concealed an explosive charge, and another banner was made
to appear that it concealed explosives. The banners expressed solidarity with
hunger strikers in Istanbul military prisons. F--]
Spain: Firebombing of American Bus
In San Sebastian, Basque separatists firebombed an American tour bus which had
brought 34 American students and teachers into Spain from France. None of the
Americans were injured, but the bus was heavily damaged. Newspapers speculated
that the bus, which had French license plates, was attacked in retaliation for
French Government expulsion of three Spanish Basque activists to Panama the
previous day.
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fell in an open field and caused no casualties or damage,
Israel: Rocket Fired at Kibbutz
A Katyusha rocket fired at an Israeli border settlement from southern Lebanon
A similar unsuccessful attack was made in the same region on 14 June.
We believe Palestinian groups operating out of Syrian-controlled parts of Lebanon
are attempting to prove that they can once again attack Israel, as they did before
Tel Aviv's 1982 invasion of Lebanon.n
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