CIA HISTORICAL STAFF CHRONOLOGY 1946-65 VOLUME I 1946-55

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85-00988R000700040001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 203
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 9, 2001
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 1, 1970
• Content Type: REPORT

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Secret
CIA Internal Use Only
CIA Historical Staff
.,n 7
hronology 1946-65
C
Volume 11946-55
Secret
June 1970
copy N2 148
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WARNING
This document contains information affecting the national
defense of the United States, within the meaning of Title
18, sections 793 and 794, of the US Code, as amended.
Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or re-
ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
GROUP 7
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and declauification
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CIA Internal Use Only
CHRONOLOGY 1945-65
VOLUME I 1946-55
HISTORICAL STAFF
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
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Foreword
This chronology provides the Agency historian with a brief,
factual introduction to the main currents of the two turbulent
decades of world affairs after World War II, when the United
States emerged as leader of the Free World and when the Central
Intelligence Agency evolved as a significant instrument of US
national security policy in the cold war. The chronology
reflects CIA's development and progress not only as a central
agency for the analysis of intelligence information and the
preparation of strategic intelligence estimates but also as
an active, operational member of the US and Allied security
system.
The chronology consists of four parallel columns: column
1 cites occurrences of world-wide significance; column 2,
events of national interest; column 3, developments in the US
intelligence and national security communities; and column 4,
milestones in the evolution of the Agency. Included are
public events of major political, diplomatic, military, and
technological significance, as well as selected intra-Agency
activities.
In format and detail the chronology is necessarily selective
and terse. The historian will, of course, wish to exploit
the many specialized chronologies in his field--both clas-
sified and unclassified. In addition, he will also find
useful the historical compilations prepared by the Library
of Congress for the Committee on Foreign Relations of the
United States Senate such as Background Information Relating
to Southeast Asia and Vietnam, 5th rev ed (91st Congress, 1st
Session, 1969) and A Select Chronology and Background Documents
Relating to the Middle East, 1st rev ed (91st Congress, 1st
Session, 1969). The numerous entries in the Annual Index of
the New York Times provide details on the day-to-day progress
of public affairs; Neville Williams' Chronology of the Modern
World, 1st American ed, New York, David McKay, 1967, is an
important British compilation; Andre Fontaine's two chrono-
logies in his History of the Cold War, New York, Pantheon,
1965, illuminate events from the French point of view; and
the latter part of William L. Langer's An Encyclopedia of
World History, 4th ed, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1968,
furnishes a chronological survey of the postwar period in
its broadest historical perspective.
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Page
1946 . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 2
1947 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1948 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1949 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1951 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
1953 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
1954 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
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Jan-Feb 46
Global United States
JAN. United Nations Organiza-
tion convenes in initial meet
ings in London;
10 Jan. General Assembly;
17 Jan. Security Council;
1 Feb. Trygve Lie (Norway)
elected Secretary General;
25 Mar. Military Staff
Committee meets first time.
6 JAN. Turkey's Premier de-
nounces Soviet territorial
claim to Kars and Ardahan
provinces.
19 JAN. Iran asks UN to in-
vestigate Soviet interference]
19 Mar. dispute tabled at
Security Council; 24 JAN. US Signal Corps radar
25 Mar. Soviet troops contact with moon announced.
start to leave Iran;
26 Mar. UN hearings open.
4 FEB. Romanian government
(Groza) recognized by US;
18 Apr. Yugoslav govern-
ment (Tito) recognized.
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Intelligence Community
22 JAN. National intelligence
organization established by
Pres. Truman:
National Intelligence
Authority (NIA) as policy and
coordinating body,
Intelligence Advisory
Board (IAB) as community com-
mittee,
Central Intelligence Group
(CIG) as operating agency,
Director of Central Intel-
ligence (DCI) to serve in all
three bodies.
Central Intelligence Agency
23 JAN. Rear Adm. Sidney W.
Souers, USNR (Deputy Chief of
Naval Intelligence), appointed
first DCI by Pres. Truman.
4 FEB. IAB convenes for first
time, with DCI, State, War,
Navy, and Army Air Forces
reps.; J.S. Lay, Jr., Sec'y.
5 FEB. NIA convenes for first
time with Secretaries James F.
Byrnes (State), Robert P. Pat-
terson (War), James Forrestal
(Navy), Adm. William D. Leahy
(Pres. Truman's representat-
ive), and DCI Souers;
8 Feb. first NIA Direct-
ives (Nos.l and 2) prescribe
DCI and CIG missions and
functions.
18 Feb. J.S. Lay, Jr.,
appointed NIA Secretary.
6 FEB. Central Reports Staff
(CRS) activated in CIG with
Ludwell L. Montague (from
State) Acting Chief.
8 FEB. Central Planning Staff
CPS) established in CIG;
18 Feb. 25X1A9a
We; (Navy named Acting
25 Jun. Capt. C.E. Olsen
(Navy) appointed Acting Chief.
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12 FEB. In Argentina's elec-
tion campaign, US issues
"Blue Book" on Nazi wartime
influ6nce in Argentina and
Latin America;
22 Feb. Peron counters with
"Blue and White Book," charg-
ing US Embassy with espionage;`
28 Mar. Peron elected Presi-
dent.
15 FEB. Canada seizes 22 as
Soviet spies, Royal Investi-
gating Commission announced;
4 Mar. Interim report.
14 FEB. Lt. Gen. Walter B.
Smith succeeds W. Averell
Harriman as Ambassador to
USSR;
26 Apr. Embassy';:; Minister
Counsellor George F. Kennan
reassigned to,Washington.
5 MAR. Churchill warns of
Soviet "iron curtain," sug-
gests US-British "fraternal
association" in speech at
Fulton, No.
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Intelligence Community
20 FEB. State-War-Navy Coor-
dinating Committee (SWNCC)
reconvenes with new Navy
member (John C. Geilfuss);
Apr. new State member and
chairman (Maj. Gen. John D.
Hilldring);
Jul. new War member (Dean
Rusk).
14 MAR. Survey report on OSS
and Strategic services unit
(SSU) completed by IAB sub-
committee;
2 Apr. NIA orders SSU
liquidated by CIG by 1 Jul 47;
CIG authorized to absorb
OSS/SSU assets as appropriate;
4 Apr. Col. William W.
Quinn succeeds Brig. Gen.
John A. Magruder as SSU Dir-
ector.
26 MAR. FBI (J. Edgar Hoover,
Director) added to IAB member-
ship.
Central Intelligence Agency
14 FEB. first Daily Summary
disseminated;
7 Jun. first Weekly Sum-
mary;
10 Jun. Weekly Summary
approved by IAB and placed
under IAB's "common observa-
tion" and advice.
named C s first adminis-
trative officer (actin )?
17 Apr.
- succeeds Killea.
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Apr.-Jun 46
Global United States
25 APR. Big Four Council of
Foreign Ministers (CFM) recon-';
venes in Paris to discuss
peace treaties, upcoming peace
conference, status of Germany;
meetings continue to 15
May, reconvene 15 Jun to 12
Jul.
Present: Byrnes, Bevin,
Molotov, Bidault.
2 MAY. 11-nation Internation-
al Military Tribunal convenes
in Tokyo;
27 indicted as war crimi-
nals.
31 MAY. Pearl Harbo:- hearings
concluded by Congressional
Joint Committee;
20 Jul. majority and minor-
ity reports released.
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I
5-9 APR. US naval force visits
Istanbul and Dardanelles.
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Intelligence Community
APR. State's intelligence
group (inherited from
OSS/R&A) reorganized after
budget cuts by Budget Bureau
and House Appropriations Com-
mittee;
9 Apr. research decentral-
ized to geographical divi-
sions;
23 Apr. Alfred McCormack
(Special Assistant for Re-
search and Intelligence)
resigns;
9 May. William L. Langer
succeeds McCormack, joins IAB.
Apr-,Tin 46
Central Intelligence Agency
MAY. Transfer of FBIS assets
from War to State proposed by
Gen. Vandenberg;
29 Jun. transferred by NIA
to CIG and assigned to Office
of Collection;
17 Oct. moved to Office of
Operations.
9 MAY. IAB agrees on USSR as
priority intelligence object-
ive in CIG 8 and 8/1;
19 Jul. CIG's first esti-
mate of Soviet capabilities
and intentions world-wide re-
quested by President Truman;
23 Jul. estimate delivered.
JUN. At War Department, Maj.
Gen. Stephen J. Chamberlin
succeeds Vandenberg as Direc-
tor of Intelligence;
10 Jun. joins IAB.
9 MAY. Lt. Col. Claude D.
Barton named first Security
Officer of CIG;
Sta e Department a
War College) on US
7 JUN. CIG's first consult-
ants are announced:
(from 25X1A5a1
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Jun -Jul 46
Global United States
30 JUN. US national security
and international expenditures
in FY 46 reduced to $46..2 bil-
lion from $84.5 billion in
FY 45.
Military strength reduced to
to 3 million officers and en-
listed men, from 12 million in
FY 45.
1 JUL. US tests atomic weapons
at Bikini;
1 Aug. Atomic Energy Com-
mission established along with
Congressional Joint Committee
on Atomic Energy;
28 Oct. David E. Lilienthal
appointed AEC chairman;
12 Dec. science advisory
committee established.
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Intelligence Community
MID-JUN. Communications intel-
ligence activities reorganized:
CIG and Army Air Forces added
to community board (State-
Army-Navy Communications Board
--STANCIB), renamed US Com-
munications Intelligence Board
(USCIB).
17 JUL. NIA convenes in first
meeting with DCI Vandenberg;
26 Jul. NIA establishes
Interdepartmental Committee on
Acquisition of Foreign Publi-
cations, with Librarian of
Congress as chairman, and sec-
retariat in State.
Jun-Jul 46
Central Intelligence Agency
7 JUN. Lt. Gen. Hoyt S. Van-
denberg (Assistant Chief of
Intelligence, War Department
General Staff) appointed. DCI,
replacing Souers; sworn in,10
Jun.
17 JUN. OSS/SSU assets reor-
ganized in CIG;
SI and X-2 branches merged
into a new Foreign Security
Reports Office (FSRO), headed
named Deputy 25X1A9a
"A for secret collection, and
Kingman Douglass, Deputy "B"
for domestic contacts.
by
u ice o pecial
Operations (OSO) established
under CIG Assistant Director
Donald H. Galloway;
Director, with Executives for
Control, Operations, Advisory
Council, and Personnel Admin-
istration;
26 Aug. Organization Branch
added.
Executive to DCI;
23 Jul. Executive Staff
established under
, Assistant Executive
26 JUN. DCI's office reorgan- 25X1A9a
ized: named
19 JUL. Offices of Collection
and Dissemination established
in CIG;
10 Sep. combined into a
single OCD.
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Jul-Aug 46
29 JUL. Peace Conference con-
venes in Paris (29 Jul-15 Oct)s
with 21 nations represented;
Oct. treaties concluded
with Italy, Romania, Bulgaria,'
Hungary, and Finland;
4 Nov. 4-power Council of 2 AUG. Senate voter US adher-
Foreign Ministers reconvenes ence to reorganize: World
for final amendments. Court (I.C.J.) except on
"domestic" matters..
8 AUG. USSR renews demand for
joint control of Dardanelles
with Turkey (revision of
Montreux Convention);
21-22 Aug. rejected by US
and Turkey.
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Intelligence Community
Jul-Aug 46
Central Intelligence Agency
20 JUL. CIG coordination staff
further reorganized;
CPS replaced by Interde-
partmental Coordinating and
Planning Staff (ICAPS); CPS
personnel re-assigned to OSO
and ICAPS;
Donau D. Edgar named act-
ing chief of ICAPS, 23 Jul.
22 JUL. Central Reports Staff
reorganized as Office of Re-
search and Evaluation (ORE)
with Montague acting head;
10 Sep. Montague replaced
by J. Klahr Huddle (from
State);
27 Oct. ORE renamed Office
of Reports and Estimates.
23 JUL. CIG Advisory Council
established for communications
intelligence;
16 Aug. Capt. Thomas F.
appointed chief;
13 Dec.
succeeds
9 an 47.
succee s Tay or.
AUG. At State, William A. Eddy
succeeds Langer as Secretary's
Special Assistant for Research
and Intelligence;
1 Dec. Allan Evans named
Director of Office of Intelli-
gence Research.
25X1A9a
25X1A9a
25X1A9a
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Spp-Dc~r 46
15 SEP. Greek civil war re-
newed.
30 SEP. Nazi war crimes trials
at Nuremberg ended: 3 men ac-
quitted, 19 sentenced by In-
ternational Tribunal, 4 German
organizations indicted, 4 ac-
quitted.
19 NOV. Afghanistan, Iceland,
and Sweden join UN;
16 Dec. Thailand joins UN.
28 NOV. Irido-Chinese war be-
gins, Haiphong bombed by
French;
20 Dec. Ho Chi Minh govern-
ment evacuates Hanoi.
12 DEC. UN General Assembly
calls for diplomatic boycott
of Spain.
12 SEP. Secretary of Commerce
Henry A. Wallace publicly de-
plores "get tough with Russia"
policy;
20 Sep. Wallace dismissed
by Pres. Truman.
4 OCT. Pres. Truman public
pledges US support to a sepa-
rate Jewish state ii-1 Palestine.
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Intelligence Community
OCT. Evaluation of CIG by Dr.
Sherman Kent, "Prospects for
the National Intelligence
Service," published in Yale
Review, autumn 1946--first
major critique of US postwar
intelligence in academic
press.
Sep-Dee 46
Central Intelligence Agency
1 OCT. CIG's authority for
personnel-clearance investiga-
tions agreed to by IAB.
17 OCT. Office of Operations
(00) established under Brig.
Gen. Edwin L. Sibert, replac-
ing "B" Deputy, OSO;
13 Jan. CIG's first domes-
tic field office established
25X1A6a
6 DEC. J.S.. Earman named acting
Secretary of NIA and IAB, suc-
ceeding Lay;
17 Dec. IAB reconvenes in
last meeting chaired by DCI
Vandenberg.
17. DEC. First major Congres-
sional review of postwar US
intelligence (filed by Peter
Vischer, House Military Af-
fairs Committee) urges per-
manent NIA system under civil-
ian direction and Congres-
sional control.
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Jan-Jun 47
10 MAR. Council of Foreign
Ministers reconvenes in Mos-
cow on German questions;
24 Apr.
agreement;
25 Nov.
don;
15 Dec.
tely.
adjourns without
reconvenes in Lon-
adjourns indefini-
5 MAY. French government
Ramadier) dismisses Communist
ministers.
21 JAN. Gen. George C. Mar-
shall, returning from 15-month
China mission, succeeds Byrnes
as Secretary of State;
12 May. Under Secretary
Dean Acheson resigns;
1 Jul. Robert A. Lovett
appointed Under Sec:i_etary.
12 MAR. Pres. Truman asks US
Congress for aid to Greece and
Turkey ("Truman Doc-:trine ") ;
23 Apr. $400 million bill
passed by Senate;
9 May. passed by House;
22 May. signed by Pres.
Truman.
3 MAY. Japanese constitution,
developed under Gen. Mac-
Arthur's sponsorship, goes
into effect.
5 JUN. Secretary of State
Marshall announces European
economic recovery plan
("Marshall plan");
2 Jul. rejected by USSR
and East European satellites
and Finland;
Jul. Paris conference of
16 "Marshall plan" countries
convenes.
30 JUN. US national security
and international ex-,)enditures
in FY 47 reduced to `?20.9 bil-
lion from $46.2 billion in FY
46.
Military strength declined
to 1.5 million officers and
enlisted men from 3 million in
FY 46.
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Jan-Jun 47
Central Intelligence Agency
20 JAN. Col. Edwin K. Wright
relieved as DCI Vandenberg's
Executive and named Deputy
Director of Central Intelli-
gence (DDCI).
12 FEB. NIA prescribes re-
quirements on China in Direc-
tive No. 8.
30 APR. Subcommittee on Psy-
chological Warfare (PWC) es-
tablisiied by SWNCC;
5 Jun. renamed Subcommittee
on Special Studies and Evalu-
ation (SSE).
15 MAY. IAB reconvenes in
first meeting chaired by DCI
Hillenkoetter.
22 JUN. Pres. Truman appoints
three foreign-aid investiga-
tion committees, chaired by
Julius A. Krug, Edwin G.
Nourse, and W. Averell Harri-
man (reports released 9 Oct,
28 Oct, and 7 Nov,respective-
ly).
22 Jul. House of Represent-
atives establishes special
committee on foreign aid
(Christian A. Herter);
23 Dec. Congress, convened
in special session, approves
$540 million for France, Italy,
Austria, and China.
18 APR. DCI's atomic-energy
intelligence coordination
functions defined by NIA Dir-
ective No. 9.
30 APR. Rear Adm. Roscoe H.
Hillenkoetter appointed DCI
to succeed Vandenberg;
1 May. Hillenkoetter sworn
in, Wright continuing as
DDCI;
12 Ma .
r
"j-Pe Direc-
appointed Exec-
26 JUN. State-OSS map library
and geographic intelligence
functions transferred to CIA,
to be located in ORE as Map
Intelligence Branch, headed
by
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JUL. US "containment" policy
toward USSR urged publicly by
"Mr. X" (George F. Kennan) in
Foreign Affairs article on
"The Sources of Soviet Con-
duct."
11 JUL. Lt. Gen. Albert G.
Wedemeyer sent by Fires. Truman
on mission to Korea, and China,
returns 18 Sep.
15 AUG. India and Pakistan be-
come independent Dominions in
British Commonwealth.
2 SEP. Inter-American Mutual
Assistance Treaty, including
anti-Communist security agree-g
ments, signed at Rio de
Janeiro conference, first un-
der UN charter.
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Jul-Sep 47
Central Intelligence Agency
1 JUL. CIG security staffs re-
organized, renamed Inspections
and Security Staff (I&S);
1 Jul. Col. Sheffield
Edwards appointed CIG Execu-
tive for I&S.
26 JUL. National Security Act
signed creating a single
National Military Establish-
ment (NME) under a Secretary
of Defense, with unified Joint
Chiefs of Staff, War Council,
Munitions Board, and Research
and Development Board;
18 Sep. establishment of
National Security Council (re-
placing NIA), National Secur-
ity Resources Board, and Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency (re-
placing CIG).
26 JUL. Navy Secretary James
Forrestal appointed and con-
firmed as first Secretary of.
Defense (sworn in 17 Sep);
21 Aug. three departmental
Secretaries in NME appointed:
Kenneth C. Royall (Army), John
L. Sullivan (Navy), and W.
Stuart Symington (Air Force).
11 SEP. IAB convenes in last
meeting before reorganization
into IAC;
Atomic Energy Commission
member added (Rear Adm. John
E. Gingrich, intelligence and
security director);
NIA issues final directive
on changeover to NSC (NIA Dir-
ective No. 11).
1 JUL. Executive for Adminis-
tration and Management (A&M)
established, replacing Person-
nel and Administration Branch
and ICAPS' management service;
named A&M Execu- 25X1A9a
tive; covert administrative
matters transferred to OSO,
along with Communications
Division.
29 AUG. Rear Adm. Roscoe IT.
Hillenkoetter reappointed by
Pres. Truman to statutory
position of DCI as establish-
ed in National Security Act;
26 Sep. re-sworn in.
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Sep-Dec 47
Global United States
5 OCT. Communist Information
Bureau (COMINFORM), for coor-
dinating Party activities in
nine European countries, an-
nounced in Moscow.
5 DEC. US embargoes arms ship-
ments to the Middle East.
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~, Sep-Dec 47
Intelligence Community
Central Intelligence Agency
26 SEP. Pres. Truman's NSC
holds initial organizational
meeting;
12 Dec. first NSC Intelli-
gence Directives issued, out-
lining CIA, departmental, and
IAC responsibilities (NSCID
Nos. 1-6) ;
17 Dec. first NSC directive
prescribing CIA's responsibil-
ities for covert psychological
operations issued (NSCID 4-A).
1 OCT. W. Park Armstrong, Jr.,
succeeds William O. Eddy as
Secretary of State's Special
Assistant for Research and In-
telligence, representing State
on IAC.
4 NOV. SWNCC renamed State-
Army-Navy-Air Force Coordinat-
ing Committee (SANACC), with
member added for new Depart-
ment of the Air Force;
Aug 48. placed under NSC;
30 Jun 49. discontinued.
1 OCT. Joint Army-Navy Intel-
ligence Surveys (JANIS pro-
gram) transferred to CIA from
NME, reestablished as National
Intelligence Surveys (NIS
program) in Basic Intelligence
Division of ORE;
Joint Intelligence Study
Publishing Board (JISPB) dis-
continued, replaced by ad hoc
committee appointed by IAB
(Sep 47), then by NIS Commit-
tee established under IAC,
(Jan 48), with CIA chairman
and secretariat.
20 NOV. Intelligence Advisory
Committee (IAC), replacing IAB,
convenes for first time: DCI
Hillenkoetter, chairman; W.
Park Armstrong, Jr., (State);
Chamberlin (Army); Inglis
(Navy); McDonald (Air Force);
Gingrich (AEC); Brig. Gen.
Walter E. Todd (JCS), FBI (re-
presentative absent), and
Prescott Childs (CIA/ICAPS)
secretary;
8 Dec. Maj. Gen. C.P.
Cabell succeeds McDonald (AF),
and William C. Trueheart suc-
ceeds Gingrich (AEC).
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Jan-Mar 48
Global United States
27 JAN. Smith-Mundt:. Act signed,
first Congressiona:.. authoriza-
tion for US world-wide inform-
ation and cultural activities
program.
16 FEB. North Korean People's
Democratic Republic (Commu-
nist) proclaimed at Pyong-
yang;
15 Aug. Republic of South
Korea proclaimed, with Syngman
Rhee as president.
25 FEB. Communist coup in
Czechoslovakia, under
Gottwald;
Feb-Mar. "war scare" ru-
mors in Europe.
27 FEB. Finland-USSR mutual
assistance pact proposals re-
vealed;
6 Apr. pact signed;
23 May. Finland's Communist
Minister of Interior dismissed
1
Jul. Communists lose 11
seats in parliamentary elect-
ions.
15 MAR. In Japan, opposition
party (Democratic Liberals)
formed;
14 Oct. elects Yoshida
prime minister;
19 Oct. Yoshida forms new
government.
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Intelligence Community
Jan-Mar 48
Central Intelligence Agency
1 JAN. Special Procedures
Branch for covert psychologi-
13 JAN. NSC redefines coordin-
ation of intelligence collect-
ion (NSCID No. 2) and pro-
duction (NSCID No. 3);
25 May and 18 Jan 49.
scientific and technological
intelligence (NSCID Nos. 8,
10).
cal operations
in OSO;
established
24 Feb.
Thomas
G. Cassady
announced
Chief;
22 Mar.
renamed
Special
Procedures Group (SPG);
18 Jun. SPG replaced
by Office of Special Projects,
chartered by NSC 10/2.
13 FEB. NSC establishes con-
sultants group to survey CIA
and US intelligence community,
with Allen W. Dulles (chair-
man), William H. Jackson,
Mathias F. Correa, and Robert
Blum (Executive Secretary).
Interim reports filed 3
and 13 May 48, final report,
1 Jan 49.
7 MAR. State's Policy Planning
Staff reorganized, George F.
Kennan appointed Director.
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Apr-Jun 48
30 MAR. 9th Inter-American
Conference convenes at Bogota,
interrupted by Communist riots
establishes defense council
and drafts charter for new Or-
ganization of American States.
(OAS).
18 APR. Italy holds national
elections, Christian Democrats
win absolute majority, against
30% popular vote for Commun-
ist-Socialist bloc;
23 May. de Gasperi and
Sforza form new government.
14 MAY. British mandate in
Palestine ends, state of
Israel proclaimed;
14-17 May. recognized by
US, France, and USSR.
20 JUN. Berlin blockaded
by USSR, against West German
occupation zones; massive US
airlift launched on 26 Jun;
11 May 49. Soviet blockade
lifted.
28 JUN. Yugoslavia expelled
from COMINFORM by Soviets.
30 JUN. US national security
and international expenditures
in FY 48 reduced to $16.3 bil-
lion, from $20.9 billion in FY
47.
Military strength declined
to 1.4 million officers and
men (as of 30 Jun 4E) from 1.5
million in FY 47.
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3 APR. Foreign Assistance Act
signed, $5.3 billion author-
ized for European economic re-
covery programs (ER]?);
6 Apr. Paul G. Hoffman
named head of Economic Coop-
eration Administrat:iLon (ECA) ;
28 Jun. appropriations
passed by Congress, signed.
11 JUN. Senate approves "Van-
denberg Resolution," favoring
principle of regional security
arrangements, including
Brussels Pact of 17 March and
proposed North Atlantic Treaty.
28 JUN. Displaced Persons Act
signed for admitting 200,000
non-quota DP's from Europe
over following two years.
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Intelligence Community
Apr- 7t in 4 8
Central Intelligence Agency
3 MAY. Reference Center (orig-
Tnally established in ORE,
then moved to A&M) relocated in
OCD, along with Collection and
Dissemination Offices and Cen-
tral Records Division;
18 May. Dr. James M. Andrews
named AD/CD.
16 JUN. IAC's membership
changes: for Army, Maj. Gen.
A.R. Bolling succeeds Chamber-
lin;
3 Dec. Bolling succeeded
by Maj. Gen. S. LeRoy Irwin,
and for AEC, Dr. Walter F.
Colby succeeds Trueheart.
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Jul-Dec 48
6 JUL. North Atlantic Treaty
negotiations begin with 7
sponsoring nations: US, UK,
Canada, France, Belgium, Neth-'
erlands, and Luxembourg:
3-30 Mar 49. Norway, Italy,
Denmark, Iceland, and Portugall
added to NATO group;
4 Apr 49. treaty signed;
21 Jul 49. ratified by US
Senate;
24 Aug 49. ratified by
other nations.
1 SEP. North China People's
Government proclaimed on
Communist radio;
30 Oct. Communist troops
occupy Mukden, win control of
Manchuria;
15 Jan 49. occupy Tientsin;j
19 AUG. US denounces Soviet
Consul General activities in
New York;
24 Aug. USSR announces
closing of its consulates in
US, asks same of US in USSR.
2 NOV. Harry S. Truman elect-
ed President, defeating Thomas
E. Dewey (Republican), Henry
A. Wallace (Progressive), and
Strom Thurmond (States'
Rights) ;
Alben W. Barkley elected
Vice President.
7 NOV. French elections held:
de Gaulle party wins 107 of
320 council seats, Communists
reduced from 88 to 16 seats.
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Intelligence Community
1 JUL. NSC prescribes charter
for US Communications Intel-
ligence Board (USCIB), in
NSCID No. 9.
AUG. Survey of US internal
security coordination complet-
ed; conducted for NSC by J.
Patrick Coyne (consultant from
FBI) .
15 NOV. Hoover Commission's
Task Force on National Secur-
ity Organization (Headed by
Ferdinand Eberstadt) files
public report of its survey of
NSC agencies, including CIA;
21 Feb 49. Hoover Commission
makes further national secur-
ity recommendations based on
report of Foreign Affairs Task
Force, headed by Harvey H.
Bundy and James Grafton Rogers.
28 Veb 49. Hoover Commission
partially endorses Eberstadt
recommendations.
Jul-Dec 48
Central Intelligence Agency
1 SEP. Office of Policy Coor-
dination (OPC) established for
covert psychological opera-
tions under
replacing 0 fice of Special
Projects.
31 DEC. ORE Scientific Branch
re-established as separate
Office of Scientific Intelli-
gence, with Dr. Willard Machle
as AD/SI;
14 Feb. OSO's Nuclear
Energy Group transferred to
OSI.
named acting AD/SO.
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SECRET
Global United States
25 JAN. USSR announces new
Council for Mutual Economic
Assistance (CEMA, sometimes
abbr. COMECON), embracing USSl ,
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Polancz, and Romania;
11 Feb. Yugoslavia's exclu-4,
sion confirmed.
27 JAN. Council of Europe es
tablisned by western foreign
ministers meeting in London;
8 Aug. Greece and Turkey
added.
FEB. Arrests and trials for
espionage and treason in Sovi-f-
et Bloc:
8 Feb. Cardinal I1indszentyj
sentenced in Hungary;
8 Mar. 15 Protestant clergy
sentenced in Bulgaria;
10 Jun. Xoxe and 3 other
ex-ministers sentenced in Al-!
bania;
Jun. Hungarian Foreign Min-
ister Lazlo Rajk and others at-
rested (executed 15 Oct);
18 Nov. Robert A. Vogeler
arrested in Hungary (sen-
tenced Feb 50);
14-16 Dec. ex-Deputy Premior
Kostov and others sentenced
and executed in Bulgaria.
20 JAN. Pres. Truman's 4-point
program, in inaugural address,
includes technical and finan-
cial aid to economically un-
derdeveloped areas;
24 Jun. program outlined
in message to Congress.
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Intelligence Community
JAN. NSC membership changes:
Secretary of Treasury Snyder
added;
7 Jan. Dean Acheson suc-
ceeds Marshall as Secretary of
State;
26 Mar. Adm. William D.
Leahy retires as President Tru-
man's Chief of Staff, intelli-
gence briefing duties assumed
by Souers;
28 Mar. Louis A. Johnson
succeeds Forrestal as Secre-
tary of Defense;
10 Aug. Vice President
Barkley added to NSC.
1 JAN. NSC Intelligence
Survey Group (Dulles Commit-
tee) files final report;
28 Feb. CIA's comments
forwarded;
7 Jul. committee's re-
commendations partially en-
dorsed by NSC. (NSC-50).
MAR. NSC's internal security
coordinating functions reor-
ganized under J. Patrick
Coyne with two interdepart-
mental committees:
Interdepartmental Intel-
ligence Conference (IIC) re-
established under NSC with
members from FBI, Army, Navy,
and Air Force;
Interdepartmental Commit-
tee on Internal Security
(ICIS) established as a new
committee with members from
State, Treasury, Justice, and
the NME, with CIA on an ad
hoc basis.
Jan-Mar 49
Central Intelligence Agency
1 JAN. Executive Director
renamed 25X1A9a
CIA Executive* A&M Executive
renamed Deputy 25X1A9a
CIA Executive, responsible for
CIA administrative and support
functions.
18 MAR.
named AD SO, succeeding
25X1A9a
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Mar-Aug 49
25 APR. German Federal Repub-
lic established at Bonn, draft
constitution signed by West
German and Allied leaders;
23 May. constitution rati-
fied by German states (pro-
claimed 15 Jun);
15 Sep. Konrad Adenauer
elected Chancellor;
9-11 Nov. admitted to Coun-
cil of Europe membership.
12 MAY. Japan's war repara-
tions payments terminated;
1-14 Sep. peace treaty sup-
ported by Gen. MacArthur and
Secretary Acheson.
30 JUN. US national security
and international expenditures
in FY 49 increased to $18.9
billion, from $16.3 billion
in FY 48;
US military strength in-
creased to 1.6 million offi-
cers and men, from 1.4 mil-
lion in FY 48.
5 JUL. Adm. . Alan G. Kirk
succeeds Gen. Smith as Ambas-
sador to USSR.
5 AUG. US issues "White Paper",
postmortem report on China's
collapse, announces end of
further aid to Naticnalist
combat forces.
10 AUG. National Security Act
amended: NME renamed the De-
partment of Defense, position
of Secretary of Defense
strengthened, Service secre-
taries dropped from NSC mem-
bership, Vice President added,
Chairman of JCS made military
adviser to NSC;
11 Aug. Gen. Omar N. Brad-
ley appointed C/JCS.
28
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20 MAY. Armed Forces Security
Agency (AFSA) established.
1 JUN. National Committee for
Free Europe established,
chaired by Joseph C. Grew.
22 JUL. IAC membership changes:
FBI's representation re-act-
ivated (D. Milton Ladd);
28 Oct. Navy representative,
Adm. Felix L. Johnson (new
D/NI) succeeds Inglis on IAC.
Mar-Aug 49
Central Intelligence Agency
25X1A9a 25X1A9a
17 MAY .
succeeds Capt.
SN, as CIA Ex-
ecutive effective 1 Jun).
20 JUN. CIA Act of 1949 pre-
scribes CIA's personnel, fi-
nancial, procurement, secur-
ity, and related administra-
tive authorities and exemp-
tions.
7 JUL. NSC 50 directs reorgan-
ization within CIA.
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Sep-Dec 49
23 SEP. USSR's first nuclear
exp oslosl ion disclosed by Pres.
Truman;
27 Sep. acknowledged by
TASS.
1 OCT. Communist China's
People's Republic proclaimed
in Peking, under Mao Tse-tung
and Chou En-lai;
11 Oct. Chinese Nationalist
government retreats from Can-
ton to Chungking;
30 Nov. to Chengtu;
8 Dec. to Taipei, Formosa;
14 Feb. USSR signs 30-year
mutual aid pact with Communist 11
China, agrees to $300 million
loan.
7 OCT. German Democratic Re-
public proclaimed in Soviet
zone under Grotewohl and
Pieck;
7 Jun 50. GDR recognizes
Oder-Neisse boundary line in
agreement with Poland.
27 DEC. Indonesia's independ-
ence from the Netherlands pro-
claimed at Amsterdam (Sukarno
elected president 16 Dec);
28 Dec. recognized by US.
16 NOV. Shah of Iran visits
US;
30 Dec. joins Pres. Truman
in solidarity statement.
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Sep-Dec 49
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
28 OCT. Scientific Intelli-
gence Committee (SIC) estab-
lished by IAC under CIA chair-
manship.
15 OCT. CIA's office of Deputy
Direc for of Central Intelli-
gence (DDCI), vacant since 10
Mar 49, made a statutory po-
sition by Executive Pay Bill
of 49.
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14 JAN. US consular offices in
Peking seized by Communist
regime.
2 JAN. US military protection
of Nationalist China publicly
urged by ex-Pres. Hoover and
Sen. Robert Taft;
5 Jan. rejected by Pres.
Truman;
12 Jan. Secretary Acheson
warns of Soviet imperialism
in Asia, declares Korea out-
side US "defense perimeter."
19 JAN. Diplomatic boycott of
Spa n ended by US;
27 Dec. base negotiations
and loan of $62.5 million to
Spain and appointment of US
Ambassador (Stanton Griffis).
21 JAN. Alger Hiss convicted
of perjury, having denied in-
volvement in Soviet espionage
in 1937-38.
27 JAN. US military aid ex-
tended to first 8 of 12 NATO
countries.
Mutual defense assistance
agreements signed.
31 JAN. Pres. Truman author-
izes H-bomb development.
3 FEB. Dr. Klaus Fuchs, Ger-
man-born British scientist,
detained in London on FBI
tip;
1 Mar. pleads guilty of
atomic espionage for USSR.
14 FEB. USSR signs 30-year
mutual aid pact with Communist
China; agrees to $300 million
loan.
10 FEB. US Export-Import Bank
extends $100 million recon-
struction credit to Indonesia;
1 Mar. $20 million to
Yugoslavia;
2 Sep. $150 million to
Mexico.
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Jan-Feb 50
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
6 JAN. NSC redefines protec-
tion by CIA and community of
intelligence sources and meth-
ods (NSCID Nos. 11 and 12);
19 Jan and 3 Mar. assigns
intelligence tasks of exploit-
ing defectors from abroad
(NSCID Nos. 13 and 14).
15 JAN. NSC staff changes:
James S. Lay, Jr., succeeds
Sidney W. Souers as Executive
Secretary.
Souers made Special Con-
sultant to Pres. Truman, and
added to NSC's membership.
17 FEB. IAC's membership
changes; from JCS, Brig. Gen.
Vernon E. ilegee, USMC, (new
DD/Intelligence in Joint Staff)
succeeds Gen. Todd.
From FBI, Victor P. Keay
succeeds Ladd as FBI Director's
representative.
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Mar-Jun 50
Global United States
7 MAR. Judith Coplon (US
19 MAR. Cuba, Guatemala, and citizen) zen) and Valentin Gubichev
Dominican Republic cited by (USSR) convicted of conspiracy
OAS committee for plots and and espionage.
conspiracies disturbing Car-
ibbean peace;
8 Apr. OAS Council orders
corrective action.
8 APR. US patrol plane downed
over Baltic;
11 Apr. USSR charges viola-
tion of Soviet territory;
18 Apr. denied by US;
5 May. US condemns USSR.
25 MAY. US-UK-French tripar-
tite declaration on Middle
East supports status quo and
supply of arms both to Israel
and Arab states.
25 JUN. South Korea invaded by
So v -organized North Korean
army;
27 Jun. US forces under 27 JUN. Pres. Truman orders
General MacArthur committed by 7th Fleet to neutralize For-
Pres. Truman to repel invasion; mosa, announces intensified
8 Jul. MacArthur redesig- military aid to Philippines
nated UN commander; and Indochina.
1 Oct. UN forces cross 38th
parallel into North Korea.
30 JUN. US national security
and international expendi-
tures in FY 50 reduced to
$17.6 billion, from $18.9
billion in FY 49.
Military strength declines
in FY 50 to 1.4 million offi-
cers and men, from 1.6 million
in FY 49.
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Intelligence Community
14 Apr. NSC 68 issued, ad hoc
committee established on US
objectives and programs for
national security.
21 Sep-14 Dec. reports and
directives issued (NSC 68/1 to
68/4).
Central Intelligence Agency
7 JUN. Dep-
uty Executive, named acting
CIA Executive on departure
of succeeded by
Murray McConnel, 16 Oct.
28 JUN. NSC meetings taken
over by Pres. Truman;
19 Jul. W. Averell Harri-
man (his Special Assistant
since 16 Jun) added to NSC
membership;
Jul. NSC establishes Senior
Staff to coordinate Korean War
staff work, with represent-
atives from State, DOD, NSRB,
Treasury, JCS, and CIA (DCI),
Marion W. Boggs as Coordina-
tor.
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Jul-Sep 50
4 JUL. Radio Free Europe (RFE)
beams first broadcast to
Soviet bloc countries.
7 AUG. West Germany joins
Council of Europe, meeting at
Strasbourg;
26 Sep. NATO Council, a-
greeing on integrated European
defense command, includes Ger-
man contribution in principle.
23 SEP. McCarran Internal Se-
cur y Act passed by Congress
over Pres. Truman's 'veto.
29 SEP. William C. Foster suc-
ceeds Paul G. Hoffman as ECA
administrator;
4 Oct. Robert A. Lovett
succeeds Stephen T. Early as
Deputy Secretary of Defense.
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L 1 Jul-Sep 50
Intelligence Community
17 JUL. Interagency Defector
Committee (IDC) established by
IAC under CIA chairmanship.
Central Intelligence Agency
1 JUL. DCI's coordination
staff (ICAPS) renamed Coordin-
ation Operations and Policy
Staff (COAPS), under Prescott
Childs;
Sep. Childs succeeded by
James Q. Reber;
1 Dec. COAPS reorganized
as Office of Intelligence Co-
ordination (OIC), with Reber
as acting AD.
18 AUG. IAC reconvenes, last
meeting chaired by DCI Hill.en-
koet to r .
12 SEP. NSC membership changes:
Gen. George C. Marshall ap-
pointed Secretary of Defense
to succeed Louis A. Johnson;
12 Oct. DCI Smith replaces
Hillenkoetter;
16 Dec. Charles E. Wilson
appointed head of Office of
Defense Mobilization.
18 AUG. Lt. Gen. Walter B.
Smith appointed by Pres. Tru-
man to succeed R.H. Hillenkoet-
ter as DCI;
21 Aug. William H. Jackson
appointed as Smith's DDCI;
28 Aug. Smith confirmed by
Senate;
7 Oct. sworn in.
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Oct-Dec 50
7 OCT. Chinese Communist for-
ces invade Tibet;
Oct. intervene in Korean
war.
NOV. Japan begins rearmament 1 NOV. Assassination attempted
with creation of quasi-mili- on Pres. Truman by two Puerto
tary National Police Reserve Rican nationalists at Blair
to compensate for shift of House.
US forces to Korea.
28 NOV. Greece and Yugoslavia
restore diplomatic ties.
19 DEC. Gen. Dwight D. Eisen-
hower appointed by Pres. Tru-
man to head NATO forces as
Supreme Allied Commander,
Europe, (installed 2 Apr 51
in Paris).
23 DEC. US commits military
aid of Vietnam, Cambodia, and
Laos, in defense agreement
with these countries and
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GF-ET
Intelligence Community
Oct-Dec 50
Central Intelligence Agency
20 OCT. IAC reconvenes, first
meeting chaired by new DCI
Smith: Armstrong (State),
Canine (for Irwin, Army), John-
son (Navy) , Cabell (Air Force)
Colby (AEC), Megee (JCS), and
Meffert W. Kuhrtz (for Keay,
FBI).
25X1A6a
25X1A9a
7 DEC. Watch Committee (WC)
established by IAC.
25X1A9a
25X1A9a
25X1A9a
NOV. CIA Senior Representative
posts established abroad, with
State agreement
13 NOV. CIA's intelligence pro-
duction offices reorganized:
ORE replaced by Office of Na-
tional Estimates (ONE) under
William L. Langer and Office
of Research and Reports (ORR)
for economic and geographic
intelligence and NIS program,
first under Theodore Babbitt,
then Max F. Millikan,
(4 Jan 51).
Office of Current Intelli-
gence (OCI) established 15 Jan
51 under Kingman Douglass.
OSI remained under Dr.
Chadwell.
1 DEC. Two additional Deputy
Directors established in CIA:
DD/Administration (Murray
McConnel) in charge of admin-
istrative support offices, re-
placing CIA Executive.
DD/Operations-(renamed
DD/Plans, 4 Jan 51) (Allen W.
Dulles) supervising OSO, OPC,
and 00.
13 DEC. DCA's office reor-
ganized.
named Smith s Executive ssis-
tant, followed by
(29 Jun 51)
(29 Nov 51) ,
and (Jan 52).
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Jan-Jun 51
12 FEB. 14 nations confer on
Brit sh-sponsored Colombo Plan
for economic development of
South and Southeast Asia.
18 APR. European Coal and
Steel Community treaty (Schu-
man plan) signed at Paris.
29 APR. Mossadegh takes over
as Iran's prime minister;
30 Apr. Anglo-Iranian Oil
Company nationalized.
25 MAY. British Foreign Office
employees D.D. MacLean and
G.F. Burgess defect to USSR.
6 JAN. Resumption of US mili-
tary aid to Nationalist China
announced;
20 Apr. increased aid, along
with US Military Advisory
Group, announced.
27 MAR. US and Canada conclude
joint civil defense agreement.
4 APR. Senate resolution ap-
proves further US military
buildup (4 divisions) in
western Europe.
10 APR. Gen. MacArthur re-
lieved of Far East commands
by Pres. Truman; Lt. Gen.
Matthew B. Ridgway named as
his successor;
19 Apr., MacArthur addresses
Congress in joint session;
3 May. Senate Armed Ser-
vices and Foreign Relations
Committee hold hearings on his
dismissal; concluded 25 Jun.
18 JUN. US and Saudi Arabia
sign ed fense agreement.
30 JUN. US national security
and international expenditures
increased in FY 51 to $36.1
billion, from $17.6 billion
in FY 50.
Military strength increased
in FY 51 to 3.2 million offi-
cers and enlisted men, from
1.4 million in FY 50.
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25X1A9a
25X1A9a
25X1A9a
25X1A9a
Jan-Jun 51
Central Intelligence Agency
15 FEB. Ma'. Gen. W.G. Wyman
succeeds as AD/SO;
1
Jul.
named
DAD ;
17
Dec.
named
AD/SO
named DAD/SO.
,
APR-MAY. CIA given observer
membership on subcommittees
of Interdepartmental Intel-
ligence Conference (IIC), with
FBI agreement;
Nov. ad hoc membership on
IIC reactivated.
MAY. Economic Intelligence
Committee (EIC) established by
IAC.
20 JUN. Psychological Strategy
Board (PSB) established by
Pres. Truman,with Under Sec-
retary of State, Deputy Sec-
retary of Defense, and DCI as
principal members.
22 JUN. NSC re-allocates eco-
nomic intelligence functions
(NS(-,ID No. 15).
1 APR. Walter R. Wolf succeeds
McConnel as DD/A.
MAY. Col. Chester B. Hansen
appointed public "CIA
spokesman" and chief of new
Historical Staff;
3 Jul. took over Congres-
sional liaison, assisted by
Walter L. Pforzheimer.
26 JUN. CIA Act of 1949 amend-
ed, liberalizes CIA authority
to employ retired military
officers.
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Jul-Sep 51
10 JUL. Korean armistice nego-
ti tiati ons started at Kaesong;
26 Jul. truce agenda agreed
on;
23 Aug. first Communist
break-off of negotiations.
30 AUG. Philippines-US mutual
defense treaty signed in Wash-
ington;
1 Sep. ANZUS treaty with
Australia and New Zealand
signed in San Francisco;
30 Mar. both treaties
ratified by US Senate.
8 SEP. Japanese peace treaty
signed by 49 nations at San
Francisco, US-Japan security
treaty also signed;
20 Mar. US Senate ratifies
treaties.
15 SEP. Greece and Turkey join
NATO, enlarging Allied defense
system to 14: nations.
23 AUG. US and Israel sign
treaty of friendship,, commerce,
and navigation.
7 SEP. US and Ethiopia sign
economic-aid treaty.
11 SEP. Deputy Secretary Rob-
ert A. Lovett named Secretary
of Defense succeeding Gen.
Marshall;
24 Sep. William C. Foster
succeeds Lovett as Deputy
Secretary.
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Jul-Sep 51
Central Intelligence Agency
JUL. Interagency Priorities
Committee (IPC) for secret col-
lection requirements establish-
ed by IAC.
JUL. IAC's membership changes:
from JCS, Brig. Gen. R.C.
Partridge succeeds Megee; from
Air Force, Maj. Gen. John A.
Samford succeeds Cabell (Nov).
AUG. Bureau of the Budget
gains membership on NSC Sen-
ior Staff.
3 JUL. CIA Career Corps plan
submitted to DCI Smith by
Matthew Baird, Director of
Training;
Sep. Career Service Com-
mittee established under DD/A.
17 Sep. DCI endorses report,
but rejects "small elite
corps", favors eventually in-
cluding "all personnel in CIA,
except clerical personnel, on
a career basis".
9 JUL. Western Hemisphere
Div sion (WH) established in
DD/P as first combined OSO-OPC
area division;
9 Oct. Near East/Africa
Division (NEA) established;
5 Jan 52. area division
mergers completed.
23 AUG. Allen W. Dulles, DD/P,
succeeds William H. Jackson as
DDCI. (Jackson named as DCI's
Special Assistant and Senior
Consultant, continued on DCI's
executive committee.)
Frank G. Wisner (AD/Policy
Coordination) succeeds Dulles
as DD/P, Wisner in turn replac-
ed by Kilbourne Johnston in
OPC.
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(art-Dec 51
25 OCT. Conservatives win in
British elections;
26 Oct. Winston Churchill
returns to power as Prime Min-
ister;
27 Oct. Anthony Eden named
Foreign Secretary.
NOV-DEC. Espionage cases sur-
faced in Eastern Europe:
(1) 20 Nov. US transport
plane downed in Hungary;
2 Dec. denounced by
USSR as "spy carrier";
23 Dec. fliers sen-
tenced then released as US
pays fines, closes two
Hungarian consulates, and bans
travel to Hungary;
(2) 27 Nov. announcement
of Czech Vice Premier Rudolph
Slansky's arrest for espionage;
(3) 11 Dec. Romania charges
US parachuted two saboteurs in
Oct;
20 Dec. denied by US.
10 OCT. Mutual Security Act
signed combining US economic
and military aid into coordin-
ated 3-year, world-wide anti-
Communist program (W. Averell
Harriman, Director);
31 Oct. $7.33 billion ap-
propriation signed.
14 NOV. US and Yugoslavia
sign military aid agreement.
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1 1 Oct-Dec 51
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
23 OCT. NSC defines "scope and
pace" of covert operations in
NSC 10/5.
31 DEC. Raymond B. Allen suc-
ceeds Gordon Gray as PSB
staff director.
28 DEC. Col. L.K. White named
Asst. DD/A under Wolf, effec-
tive 1 Jan 52.
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Jan-Apr 52
5 JAN. India and US sign
5-year technical assistance
agreement.
FEB-JUN. US-Latin-American
military assistance agreements
concluded: Brazil (15 Feb),
Ecuador (20 Feb), Peru (22 Feb),
Cuba (7 Mar) , Chile (9 Apr) ,
Colombia (17 Apr), and Uruguay
(3 0 Jun).
20 FEB. NATO Council, meeting
in Lisbon, agrees on rearmament
goal of 50 divisions in West-
ern Europe in 1952.
18 JAN. US foreign information
programs reorganized in State
Department as the Internation-
al Information Administration
(IIA), under Dr. Wi'_son Comp-
ton.
28 FEB. US and Japan sign base
agreement, supplementing 1951
treaty.
12 APR. Gen. Eisenhower resigns
as Supreme Allied Commander,
Europe, effective 1 Jun;
28 Apr. Gen. Matthew B.
Ridgway appointed his succes-
sor.
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. an-A,pr 5
Central Intelligence Agency
1 JAN. DCI's executive commit-
tee expanded:
Loftus E. Becker named Dep-
uty Director (Intelligence)
(DD/I) with supervision over
ONE, OCI, ORR, OSI, OCD, OIC
(1 Mar. 00 added from DD/P).
Stuart Hedden named In-
spector General (IG).
succeeds
Bec er as s xec. Asst.;
Col. L.K. White, new A/DDA.
3 JAN. Dr. Sherman Kent suc-
ceeds Dr. Langer as AD/NE and
Chairman of Board of National
Estimates.
12 JAN. Information security
subcommittee, headed by Edward
R. Trapnell, established under
NSC's Interdepartmental Commit-
tee on Internal Security (ICIS).
7 FEB. David K.E. Bruce suc-
ceeds James E. Webb as Under
Secretary of State.
1 MAR. Center for Internation-
al Studies (CENIS), headed by
Dr. Max F. Millikan, estab-
lished at M.I.T.
2 APR. George F. Kennan suc-
ceeds Adm. Alan G. Kirk as
Ambassador to USSR;
3 Oct. declared PNG by USSR.
25 MAR. Security Office and
CIA's security policies re-
viewed by J. Patrick Coyne
(NSC staff) for DCI and IG,
report filed Aug 52.
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May-Aug 52
15 MAY. Ethiopia-US technical
assistance agreement signed.
27 MAY. European Defense Com-
munity treaties and agreements
signed in Paris.
23 JUL. Egypt taken over by
Naguib in military coup;
26 Jul. King Farouk abdi-
cates;
7 Sep. Naguib assumes pre-
miership;
9 Dec. constitution dis-
solved.
1 MAY. American travel to
Communist-dominated countries
banned by State Department.
30 JUN. US national security
and international ex-Dendi-
tures increased in FAY 52 to
$46.8 billion, from $36.1
billion in FY 51.
Military strength increased
to 3.6 million officers and
enlisted men, from 3.2 million
in FY 51.
20 AUG. USSR announces 5-year
plan, providing 70% increase
in industrial production.
23 AUG. Arab League security
pact ratified by Egypt, Syria,
Iraq, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia.
30 AUG. Iranian oil settlement
proposed by US and UK;
24 Sep. rejected by
Mossadegh;
1.6 Oct. Iran breaks rela-
tions with UK.
27 AUG, 3 SEP. Ex-Ambassador
John Foster Dulles, adviser to
Pres. candidate Eisenhower,
urges "peaceful liberation" of
USSR's Eastern European satel-
lites and rollback of Communist
power, rejects co-existence and
containment.
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Intelligence Community
MAY. IAC membership changes:
for Army--Brig. Gen. John
Weckerling succeeds Bolling;
Jul. Col. C.B. Cover-
dale succeeds Weckerling;
Aug. Maj. Gen. R.C.
Partridge succeeds Coverdale.
for JCS--Aug., Brig. Gen.
Edward H. Porter succeeds Part-
ridge.
for Navy--Jun., Rear Adm.
Richard F. Stout succeeds John-
son;
Dec. Rear Adm. Carl F. Espe
succeeds Stout.
May-Aug 52
Central Intelligence Agency
9 JUN. DCI Smith's executive
committee renamed deputies 25X1A9a
meeting.
28 Aug. (new
Chief of FI Staff and acting
Chief of Operations) added
to committee.
25 JUL. IAC establishes Intel-
ligence Working Group (IWG)
for economic defense intel-
ligence to support,NSC's
Economic Defense Advisory Com-
mittee `(EDAC).
AUG. Adm. Alan G. Kirk suc-
ceeds Raymond B. Allen as PSB
director.
14 AUG. IAC establishes Scien-
tific is Estimates Committee (SEC),
replacing the Scientific In-
telligence Committee (SIC),
and reconstitutes Joint Atomic
Energy Intelligence Committee
(JAEIC) as a permanent stand-
ing committee of IAC.
1 AUG. DD/P activities re-
named Clandestine Services
(CS); merger of OSO and OPC
headquarters staffs completed,
renamed Foreign Intelligence
(FI), Political and Psycholog-
ical Warfare (PP), Paramili-
tary Operations (PM), Tech-
nical Services (TSS), Plans
and Program Coordination
(PPC) , Inspection, Review,
and Analysis (IRA), and Ad-
ministration.
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Sep-Dec 52
2 OCT. UK explodes its first
ata is
bomb off Australian
coast,
joins US-USSR "nuclear
club."
15 OCT.
Japan
strengthens se-
curity
forces,
establishes Na-
tional
Safety
Corps and Mari-
time Safety Corps.
31 OCT. Bolivia nationalizes
three largest foreign-owned
tin mines.
1 NOV. US detonates first
hydrogen bomb, at Eniwetok
Atoll.
4 NOV. Gen. Dwight D,. Eisen-
hower and Sen. Richard M. Nixon
elected President and Vice
President, defeating Democra-
tic candidates Adlai Stevenson
and John J. Sparkman;- inaugur-
ated 20 Jan 53.
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Intelligence Community
20 NOV. NSC appointments an-
nounced by President-Elect
Eisenhower: J. Foster Dulles
named Secretary of State and
Charles E. Wilson Secretary
of Defense;
28 Dec. Robert Cutler named
President's Administrative As-
sistant, directed to survey NSC
organization and procedure
(report approved 17 Mar 53).
Sep-Dec 52
Central Intelligence Agency
29 SEP. Weekly intelligence
reporting to presidential can-
didates by CIA disclosed;
Nov. National Intelligence
Digest (NID) compiled for
President-Elect.
29 SEP. DCI Smith, testifying
in McCarthy-Benton libel suit,
declares belief in security
assumption that "there are
Communists in my own organiza-
tion," as in "practically
every security agency of the
Government";
13 Oct. amends views, tells
House committee that "I have
found no penetration of Com-
munists in my organization in
the US," but that overseas,
"in the past we have from
time to time discovered one
or two in our ranks."
7 OCT. Col. Stanley J. Grogan
succeeds Col. Chester B. Hansen
as public "CIA spokesman" and
Historical Staff chief.
2 NOV. Photo Intelligence
Division established in CIA,
assigned to ORR Geographical
Research Area.
21 NOV. Pres. Truman's fare-
well address to CIA employees.
29 DEC. DCI made permanent
.chairman of US Communications
Intelligence Board.
Armed Forces Security Agen-
cy (AFSA) reorganized as Na-
tional Security Agency (NSA).
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Global United States
27 JAN. British Canberra bomb-
er achieves less-than-a-day
flight from London to Austral-
ia (22 hours).
2 FEB. US Fleet's neutraliza-
tion of Taiwan ended.
28 FEB. Yugoslavia military
collaboration agreements with
Greece and Turkey signed.
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Intelligence Community
24 JAN. President's Committee
of International Information
Activities established, with
William H. Jackson as chair-
man and Abbot Washburn as Ex-
ecutive Secretar ;
30 Jun. reporf filed;
8 Jul. summary of recom-
mendations published.
29 JAN. Pres. Eisenhower's
NSC convenes for first time.
Secretary of Treasury
George M. Humphrey and Budget
Director Joseph M. Dodge added
to NSC.
FEB. IAC membership changes
under DCI'Dulles' chairman-
ship:
from JCS, Col. Samuel M.
Lansing (alt. for Brig. Gen.
Edward H. Porter);
Sep. from AEC, Charles C.
Reichardt;
Nov. from Army, Maj. Gen.
Arthur G. Trudeau.
16 FEB. C.D. Jackson named
Pres. Eisenhower's Special
Assistant for Cold War Plan-
ning.
2.4.FEB. Dr. Robert L. Johnson
succeeds Dr. Compton as head
of IIA.
Jan-Feb 53
Central Intelligence Agency
24 JAN. Allen W. Dulles, DDCI,
succeeds Walter B. Smith as
DCI; appointment by Pres.
Eisenhower announced;
10 Feb. submitted to Senate;
23 Feb. confirmed by Senate;
26 Feb. sworn in.
24 JAN. Lt. Gen. C.P. Cabell,
head of JCS Joint Staff, named
by Pres. Eisenhower to succeed
Dulles as DDCI;
4 Apr. DDCI position re-
established by National Secur-
ity Act amendment, permitting
either a military or civilian
appointee but prohibiting both
DCI and DDCI positions to be
occupied simultaneously by
commissioned officers;
10 Apr. Cabell's nomination
submitted to Senate and
approved;
23 Apr. Cabell sworn in.
FEB. DCI Dulles continues
Smith's deputies meeting as
Executive Committee:
DD/A Wolf, Asst. DD/A White,25X1A9a
DD/P Wisner, and C/OPS
1 May. DD/I Becker replaced
by Robert Amory, Jr.;
30 Mar. Lyman B. Kirkpatrick
named IG; 25X1A9a
6 Mar. , O/DD/P;
21 Apr. Hun ing on Sheldon,
OCI Director; 25X1A9a
23 Apr. DDCI Cabell, _
.(continued as DCI's
Executive Assistant.)
27 FEB. Charles E. Bohlen
appointed Ambassador to USSR;
27 Mar. confirmed by Senate.
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Mar-May 53
Global United States
5 MAR. Stalin dies;
6 Mar. Soviet leadership 6 MAR. US and Dominican Repub-
passes to Malenkov; lic sign defense agreement.
Deputy chairmen: Molotov,
Beria, Bulganin, and Kagan-
ovich, with Voroshilov heading,
presidium;
20 Mar. Khrushchev, new
presidium member, replaces
Malenkov as Communist Party
first secretary.
27 MAR. NIKE guided-missile
28 MAR. Libya joins Arab batteries for US air defense
Le ue; announced;
30 Jul. signs base rights 17 Dec. first battery, at
and economic aid agreement Fort Meade, announced.
with UK.
10 APR. Dag Hammarskjold
(Sweden) succeeds Lie as UN
Secretary General.
15 MAY. Czechs pardon William
N. Oatis, imprisoned in 1951
for alleged espionage activi-
ties.
22 MAY. US and Ethiopia sign
defense treaty.
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Intelligence Community
7 MAR. IAC establishes Adviso-
ry Committee on Foreign Lan-
guage Publications, chartered
by NSC (NSCID No. 16), with CIA
chairman and secretariat.
15 MAR. Air Force advisory com-
miittee on air defense (Project
Lincoln), chaired by Dr. James
R. Killian, Jr., issues public
report on US vulnerability to
surprise attack.
17 MAR. Vice President Nixon
named vice chairman of NSC.
17 MAR. NSC Senior Staff
redesignated Planning Board,
DCI represented by DD/I.
Robert Cutler named NSC 25X1A9a
Executive Officer.
Mar-May 51
Central Intelligence Agency
17 MAR. DCI Dulles defends
security and integrity of CIA
personnel before Senator
Joseph McCarthy's subcommittee.
Again, 16 Jul to 3 Aug in
subsequent correspondence with25X1A9a
McCarth , regarding
and Alger Hiss.
6 APR. Arthur S. Flemming ap-
pointed Director of Defense
Mobilization;
11 Jun. National Security
Resources Board (NSPB) re-
placed by Office of Defense
Mobilization (ODM), headed by
Flemming.
27 APR. National security
standards for government em-
ployment revised, replacing
executive order of 21 Mar 47.
12 MAY. Adm. Arthur W. Radford
appointed JCS chairman, suc-
ceeding Gen. Bradley;
2 Jun. confirmed by Senate;
15 Aug. took office.
1 APR. Lyman B. Kirkpatrick
succeeds Stuart Hedden as In-
spector General;
24 Apr. named chairman of
new CIA Career Service Board.
25 May. CIA's career ser-
vice divided initially into 21
occupational-organizational
groups.
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Jun-Aug 53
16 JUN. East Berlin labor riots
against government's new pro-
ductivity orders;
17 Jun-12 Jul. Soviet mili-
tary forces intervene.
10 JUL. Beria's dismissal and
arrest on treason charges an-
nounced in USSR;
23 Dec. executed with 6
associates.
11 JUL. Gen. Alfred M.
Gruenther (US) succeeds Gen.
Ridgway as Supreme Allied Com-
mander, Europe.
26 JUL. National Liberation
party in Costa Rica, under
Jose Figueres, wins in presi-
dential and congressional
elections.
19 JUN. Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg, convicted spies,
executed at Sing Sing.
30 JUN. US national security
and international expenditures
increased in FY 53 to $52.5
billion, from $46.8 billion
in FY 52.
US military strength down
to 3.5 million officers and
enlisted men, from 3.6 million
in FY 52.
15 JUL. US and Japan begin
security agreement negotia-
tions (agreement signed 8 Mar
54).
27 JUL. Korean armistice agree-
ment signed at Panmunjon.
8 AUG. USSR announces achieve-
ment of hydrogen bomb;
12 Aug. bomb exploded;
20 Aug. announced.
15 AUG. Mossadegh dismissed
by Shah of Iran, replaced by
Zahedi;
20 Aug. Mossadegh arrested;
8 Nov-21 Dec. tried and
sentenced for treason.
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Intelligence Community
20-23 JUL. Congresssional joint
"watchdog" committee for CIA
and US Intelligence proposed
in resolutions by Sen. Mike
Mansfield and Rep. Edna Kelly.
AUG. Committee on Manpower Re-
sources for National Security,
established by ODM, chaired
by Lawrence A. Appley;
9 Jan. report published.
1 AUG. US Information Agency
(USIA), headed by Theodore C.
Streibert, replaces State's
IIA.
6 AUG. Foreign Operations
Administration (FOA) replaces
MSA for economic aia programs;
Harold Stassen continued as
NSC member.
Jun-Aug 53
Central Intelligence Agency
1 JUL. Col. L.K. White suc-
ceeds Wolf as acting DD/A
(named DD/A 21 May 54).
9 JUL. CIA rejects Sen.
McCarthy's subpena demands,
notifying him that "the policy
of the CIA was to refuse to
allow any employee to appear
before any Congressional
committee."
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Sep-Dec 53
Global United States
12 SEP. Khrushchev named USSR
Communist Party first secre-
tary of Central Committee.
26 SEP. US air and naval base
rig established in Spain
along with US economic and
military aid to Spain.
1 OCT. US and South Korea sign
mutual security treaty.
6 OCT-14 DEC. Vice Pres. Nixon
visits 19 nations in Far East
and Middle East.
12 OCT. US-Greek agreement on
naval and air bases signed.
7 NOV-10 DEC. US airlifts
Chinese Nationalist troops
from Burma to Taiwan.
4-7 DEC. US, UK, and French
summit meeting in Bermuda.
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Sep-ilac 5,A
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
3 SEP. Operations Coordinating
Board (OCB) replaces PSB; mem-
bers include Under Secretary
of State Walter B. Smith (chair-
man), C.D. Jackson (as
President's representative),
DOD, FOA, and CIA representa-
tives (DCI Dulles assiste
by and
25X1A9a
9 SEP. Guided missiles devel-
opment coordinating committee
established in DOD, headed by
Trevor Gardner.
6 OCT. Survey committee on
community's watch system es-
tablished by IAC (report filed
26 Apr 54).
13-14 OCT. NSC criticism of US
military budgets disclosed,
re-review by JCS undertaken.
5 NOV. Security regulations for
classification and safeguarding
of information recodified by
executive order.
14 DEC. DCI Dulles joins
briefings of mayor's Conference
on National Defense in
Washington.
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Jan-Mar 54
JAN-APR. Defectors from USSR
request political asylum
abroad:
24 Jan. Rastovorov, in
Japan;
20 Feb. Khokhlov, in Frank-
furt;
13 Apr. Petrov, in Austra-
lia.
7 JAN. Pres. Eisenhower an-
nounces US "massive retalia-
tion" defense strategy;
12 Jan. amplified in speech
by Secretary Dulles.
21 JAN. Nautilus, first atomic-
powered submarine, launched at
Groton, Conn;
30 Sep. commissioned.
25 FEB. Nasser takes over
Egypt;
27 Feb. Naguib restored;
17 Apr. Naguib ousted
again.
13 MAR-7 MAY. Viet-Minh forces
in massive assault overcome
French-held Dienbienphu;
1 Apr. invade Cambodia.
10 FEB. Strategic Missile
Evaluation Committee:, chaired
by AEC commissioner Dr. John
von Neumann, recommends ICBM
with nuclear warhead;
21 Jun. Atlas development
assigned to Air Research and
Development Command (Brig.
Gen. B.A. Schriever).
26 FEB. Sen. John W. Bricker's
constitutional amendment, re-
quiring Senate apprcval of US
Executive's foreign agreements,
defeated in Senate, 60-31.
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Jan-Mar 54
Intelligence Community
Central Intelligence Agency
JAN. Supergrade Review Board
reestablished, under DDCI
Cabell's chairmanship.
1 FEB.
named
sistant for Planning and Coor-
dination and member of his
deputies meeting;
1 Jul. joined by J.Q. Reber
when OIC was liquidated, ab-
sorbed OIC's community coor-
dination staff functions ex-
cept IAC secretariat, which
was transferred to DDI/ONE.
MAR. Congressional leaders
resume criticism of CIA:
Sen. Mike Mansfield publishes
details of alleged intelli-
gence and operational errors,
and calls again for a joint
"watchdog" committee;
2 Jun. Sen. Joseph McCarthy
charges CIA. infiltrated by
Communists;
23 Jun. Rep. Peter
Frelinghuysen, Jr., proposes
a Presidential commission on
foreign intelligence.
1 MAR. Civil Service Commis-
sion discloses 48 separations
from CIA as security risks;
11 Oct. further separations
reported, totaling 75 for CIA
out of US total of 6,926
security risks (for period
28 May 53 to 30 Jun 54).
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Mar-May 54
2 APR. Pakistan and Turkey
sign defense agreement;
19 May. US and Pakistan
sign defense agreement.
10 APR. Iranian petroleum
consortium agreement signed
by eight French, Dutch, British,
and US compar}ies.
5 Aug. agreement with Iran
announced.
8 MAR. US and Japan sign de-
fense and economic agreements.
19 MAR. US discloses "atoms
for peace" plan, including
proposal for International
Atomic Energy Agency.
8 APR. US and Canada announce
joint radar defense plans;
27 Sep. agreement announced
on construction of Distant
Early Warning (DEW) line.
25 APR. US and Iraq announce
defense agreement.
29 APR. India and Communist
China sign: agreement on
Chinese control of Tibet and
'peaceful coexistence";
26-28 Jun. Chou En-Lai
visits India;
19-30 Oct. Nehru visits
China.
5 MAY. Czechoslovakia protests
US propaganda balloons;
15 Oct. Hungary also pro-
tests balloons.
13 MAY-22 JUN. UN 5-power dis-
armament subcommittee holds 19
meetings iii London on inspec-
tion system, methods of pre-
venting surprise attack, and
ban on nuclear testing.
17 MAY. State Department dis-
closes Soviet Bloc arms ship-
ments to Guatemala.
20-21 MAY. US signs military
agreements with Honduras and
Nicaragua.
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Intelligence Community
15 MAR. NSC 5412 reaffirms
CIA's covert action responsi-
bilities in consultation with
OCB and departmental represent-
atives.
Mar-May 54
Central Intelligence Agency
19 MAR. DCI Dulles, in first
press interview as DCI, crit-
icizes press and US Govern-
ment, "We Tell Russia Too
Much," (U.S. News and World
Report.)
1 MAY. Watch Committee recon-
stituted under CIA chairman-
ship by IAC;
Jul. National Indications
Center (NIC) activated as
community supporting staff.
3 MAY. Robert B. Anderson
succeeds Roger M. Kyes as
Deputy Secretary of Defense
and OCB member.
18 MAY. State Department per-
sonnel advisory committee
(Henry M. Wriston, chairman)
files report, recommends in-
tegration of Departmental and
Foreign Service personnel.
26 APR.
appointed Assistant DD /P for
PP and PM activities, and
member of DCI's executive com-
mittee (first as Helms' alter-
nate, then regularly starting
in Aug.)
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Jun-Aug 54
2 JUN. Japan's Self-Defense
Force (JSDF) established.
18-29 JUN. Guatemala's pro-
Communist government (Jacobo
Arbenz Guzmdn) overthrown by
insurgent forces from Honduras
under Col. Carlos Castillo
Armas;
10 Oct. Castillo Armas
elected president.
20-21 JUL. Indochina armistice
agreements for Vietnam (parti-
tioned at 17th parallel), Laos,
and Cambodia, signed at Geneva
Conference.
25 JUN. US Senate resolution
condemns Communist interfer-
ence in Western Hemisphere.
30 JUN. US national. security
and international expenditures
reduced to $48.6 billion in
FY 54, from $52.5 billion in
FY 53.
US military strength down
to 3.3 million officers and
enlisted men, from 3.5 million
in FY 53.
5 JUL. US expels three Soviet
embassy aides for espionage.
10 JUL. Agricultural Trade De-
velopment and Assistance Act
approved, including "Food for
Peace" program.
20 JUL. Dr. Otto John, head of
West Germany's Federal Office
for the Protection of the Con-
stitution, defects to East
Germany.
9 AUG. Balkan alliance signed
at Bled by Greece, Turkey, and
Yugoslavia.
26 AUG. Mutual Security Act
re-affirms and extends anti-
Communist programs.
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Jun-Aug 54
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
9 JUN. International Organiza-
tions Division (10) activated
in DD/P.
4-8 JUL. Two investigating
committees on CIA and US in-
telligence established to meet
Congressional criticism:
Task force under Gen. Mark
Clark established by Hoover
Commission on the Organization
of the Executive Branch;
Study Group under Lt. Gen.
James A. Doolittle, announced
by Pres. Eisenhower;
30 Sep. Doolittle Group
report filed (summary of find-
ings disclosed by White House,
16 Oct),.
3 AUG. CIA Career Service es-
tablished.
10 AUG. IAC membership changes:
from, Joint Staff, Rear Adm.
Edward T. Layton succeeds Gen.
Porter;
from AEC, Harry S. Traynor
succeeds Colby.
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Sep-Dec 54
3-6 SEP. Quemoy and Matsu bom-
barded by Communist China.
8 SEP.Southeast Asia Treaty
Organization (SEATO) defense
treaty signed at Manila by US,
UK, France, Australia, N.Z.,
P.I., Thailand, and Pakistan;
four "neutralist" states ab-
stained, India, Indonesia,
Burma, and Ceylon.
3 OCT. Western European Union
WEU established, West German
sovereignty and rearmament
agreements signed in London by
Allied foreign ministers;
23 Oct. Protocols signed in
Paris admitting Germany to NATO
and terminating Allied occupa-
tion regimes;
29 Oct. US and Germany sign
bilateral treaty.
4 SEP. US Navy P2V patrol
plane downed by USSR over Sea
of Japan;
7 Nov. USAF RB-29 recon-
naissance plane downed off
northern Japan.
9 SEP. US and Libya sign
agreement on economic aid and
military bases.
28 SEP. US requests repatri-
aTtion~of Field family (Noel,
.Herta, and Hermann Field) from
Hungary and Poland, imprisoned
since 1949;
16 Nov. release accomplish-
ed.
1 NOV. Algerian war begins.
2 DEC. US and Nationalist
China sign mutual defense
treaty.
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Intelligence Community
Sep-Dec 54
Central Intelligence Agency
4 OCT. Herbert Hoover, Jr.,
succeeds Walter B. Smith as
Under Secretary of State and
OCB chairman;
Dec. Nelson A. Rockefeller
appointed as Pres. Eisenhower's
special Assistant for Cold War
Planning and OCB representa-
tive.
8 OCT. Technological Capabil-
1-Tir-es Panel (TCP) , chaired by
Dr. James R. Killian, Jr., es-
tablished by Office of Defense
Mobilization.
11 DEC. Council on Foreign
Economic Policy, under Joseph
M. Dodge, established to
coordinate US Government's
foreign economic planning.
DEC. Prototype of U-2 high-
s titude photo-reconnaissance
aircraft achieved (first test
flight Aug 55).
19 DEC. House committee, under
B. Carroll Reece, concludes
investigation of foundations, 20 DEC. Counterintelligence
criticizes undue influence in Staff (CI) activated in DD/P.
US foreign information and re-
search programs.
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Jan-May 55
8 FEB. Bulganin replaces Mal-
enkov as USSR chairman;
9 Feb. Zhukov becomes de-
fense minister.
24 FEB. Baghdad pact signed
by Turkey and Iraq;
5 Apr. UK accedes;
23 Sep. Pakistan;
25 Oct. Iran;
21-22 Nov. Council holds
first meetings, with US ob-
servers present.
28 JAN. Military defense of
Formosa Strait area authorized
by Congress in joint resolu-
tion;
29 Jan. approved by Pres.
Eisenhower;
5-11 Feb. Tachen Islands
evacuated with 7th Fleet as-
sistance.
12 FEB. South Vietnamese
army training taker. over from
French by US Military Assis-
tance Advisory Group (MAAG).
5-7 APR. Winston Churchill
resigns as Prime Minister,
succeeded by Anthony Eden;
Harold Macmillan succeeds
Eden as Foreign Secretary;
20 Dec. Macmillan succeeded
by Selwyn Lloyd.
17 APR. Afro-Asian conference
at Bandung opens.
14 MAY. Warsaw Pact signed,
establishing Soviet Bloc al-
liance and military command
organization, including USSR,
East Germany, Poland, Hungary,
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Ro-
mania, and Albania.
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Jan-May55
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
JAN. 24-hour watch established
in National Indications Center.
FEB. CIA Scientific Advisory
un-
rd established by DCI
B
,
oa
25X1A5a1
25X1A5a1 der chairmanship of ~
28 FEB. US Information Agency
USIA) added to OCB membership.
12 MAR. Planning and Coordina-
tion Group (PCG) established
in OCB as coordination channel
for covert actions,,by NSC
5412/1.
19 MAR. Harold E. Stassen ap-
pointed Pres. Eisenhower's
Special Assistant on Disarma-
ment.
APR. Dillon Anderson succeeds
Robert Cutler as Pres. Eisen-
hower's Special Assistant for
National Security Affairs and
NSC executive officer.
10 MAY. Clark Task Force re-
port filed;
29 Jun. submitted to
Congress in summary form.
with secretariat un er
3 FEB. DD/A directorate expand-
ed and renamed DD/Support, to
include offices of Training
and Communications and a
special administrative staff
for servicing uD/P activities.
Col. White continues as
DD/S.
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May-Jul 55
15 MAY. Austria State Treaty
signe ;
27 Jul. sovereignty restor-
ed;
14 Oct. end of four-power
occupation completed, with de-
parture of US forces.
30 JUN. US and West Germany
sign mutual defense agreement
effective 27 Dec.
30 JUN. US national security
and international expenditures
reduced in FY 55 to $42.8
billion from $48.6 billion in
FY 54.
Military strength down to
2.9 million officers and en-
listed men, from 3.3 million
in FY 54.
18-23 JUL. Big-Four summit
conference at Geneva (Eisen-
hower, Bulganin, Eden, Faure).
Eisenhower proposes "open
skies" armament control, with
US/USSR mutual aerial inspect-
ion and exchange of military
blueprints;
16 Dec. his proposal ap-
proved by UN General Assembly.
29 JUL. US reveals earth sat-
ellite plan for International
Geophysical Year (IGY) in
1957;
30 Jul. USSR announces
sirinilar plan.
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May-Jul 55
Intelligence Community
17 MAY. Senate committee
chaired by Sen. Richard
Russell begins investigation
of alleged US-USSR bomber gap.
19 MAY. IAC esta3lishes Ad
Hoc Committee on Information
Processing (AHIP), with
CIA/OCD chairman and secretar-
iat.
30 JUN. US aerial reconnais-
sance over Sino-Soviet Bloc
areas in FY 55 "substantially
increased" over FY 54.
JUL. IAC membership changes:
22 Jul. from FBI, Alan H.
Belmont succeeds L.V. Boardman;
23 Aug. from Army, Maj.
Gen. Ridgely Gaither succeeds
Gen. Trudeau.
1 JUL. International Coopera-
tion Administration (ICA) es-
tablished within State Depart-
ment, replaces independent FOA
and is dropped from NSC member-
ship.
19 JUL. Survey committee on
community's guided missiles
intelligence assets ordered by
IAC, under CIA chairmanship;
25 Nov. report filed.
Central Intelligence Agency
28 JUN. Dr. H. Marshall Chad-
well appointed as CIA's new
Senior Scientific Represent-
ative abroad;
8 Aug. Chadwell replaced
in OSI by Dr. Herbert Scoville,
Jr., from DOD's Armed Forces
Special Weapons Project.
15 JUL. Construction of new
headquarters installation at
Langley authorized by
Congress, for $46 million;
CIA's temporary buildings
ordered demolished when
vacated.
27 JUL. DCI Dulles' executive
committee enlarged by addition
of Special Assistant,
tiring
ative,
Oct. attached to
Bissell's Plans and Coordina-
tion Staff.
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Aug-Dec 55
8-13 SEP. Adenauer visits
Moscow; West Germany and USSR
establish diplomatic rela-
tions.
15 SEP. Cyprus bans EOKA
terrorists.
24 SEP. Pres. Eisenhower suf-
fers a coronary thrombosis.
18 NOV-19 DEC. India, Burma,
and Afghanistan visited by
Soviet leaders Bulganin and
Khrushchev, economic aid
agreements negotiated.
14 DEC. 16 states admitted
to UN membership from Eastern
and Western Europe, Middle
East, Asia, and Africa (total
76 states).
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Intelligence Community
5 AUG. Reuben B. Robertson,
Jr., succeeds Anderson as De-
puty Secretary of Defense and
OCB member.
25X1A9a
25X1A9a
Aug-Dec 55
Central Intelligence Agency
AUG. DD/I directorate reorgan-
zi ed;
1 Aug. ORR's Basic Intelli-
gence Division reconstituted
as a separate Office of Basic
Intelligence (OBI);
12 Aug. OCD renamed Office
of Central Reference (OCR).
SEP. Studies in Intelligence
established in OTR,~
editor, Dr.
erman en , editorial
board chairman.
26 SEP. Attorney General
Herbert Brownell, Jr., joins
NSC as regular member;
3 Oct. Vice Pres. Nixon
requested by Pres. Eisenhower
to continue holding NSC meet-
ings;
20 Nov. Pres. Eisenhower
holds first NSC meeting since
his illness, at Camp David.
8 NOV. Intermediate-range bal-
listic missile (IRBM) program
assigned to Air Force in coor-
dination with Army and Navy;
17 Nov. Rear Adm. W.F. Ra-
born, Jr., named Navy Coordin-
ator.
1 DEC. CIA's Congressional
relations transferred to IG's
supervision; 25X1A9a
2 Nov.
succeeds a er orz eimer
as Legislative Counsel;
Jan 56. IG also made re-
sponsible for liaison with
President Eisenhower's new
intelligence consultants'
board and for supervising
DCA's public affairs office.
28 DEC. "5412/2 Designated
Representatives (Special
Group)" established by NSC
for coordinating covert
actions.
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Secret.
CIA Internal Use Only
Secret
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,%Wwqwm Iwo
CIA Internal Use Only
CIA Historical Staff
Chronology 1946-65
Volume 11 1956-65
1400 a
June 1970
Copy N2 148
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WARNING
This document contains information affecting the national
defense of the United States, within the meaning of Title
18, sections 793 and 794, of the US Code, as amended.
Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or re-
ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
GROUP 1
Excluded fran automof e
downgrading and declaulfcaNon
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 Approved For Release 2001/99O0Of DP85-00988R000700040001-1
CIA Internal Use Only
CHRONOLOGY 194E-65
VOLUME II 1956-65
HISTORICAL STAFF
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
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2
1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
1959 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
62
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Jan-Feb 56
JAN-MAR. USSR and West Germany
exchange ambassadors for first
time, Valerian A. Zorin at
Bonn (4 Jan), Wilhelm Haas at
Moscow (12 Mar).
18 JAN-7 FEB. Malayan Federa-
tion's independence by Aug 57
agreed to at London conference.
14 FEB. USSR's Communist Par-
ty 20th Congress convenes in
Moscow, approves new 5-year
plan; Khrushchev denounces
crimes of Stalin.
8 JAN. Collapse of State De-
partment's science program
condemned publicly by Amer-
ican Chemical Society: all
overseas attache posts to be
vacant by 15 Jan, Secretary's
Adviser post atrophying since
mid-1954, occupied by a non-
scientist (Walter M. Rudolph);
10 Mar. hearings on prob-
lem held by Rep. John Moss'
subcommittee of House Govern-
ment Operations Committee.
16 JAN. State Department
building expansion begun,
architectural planning con-
tracts announced for extending
former "New War Department
Building," at cost of $49
million.
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Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
JAN. Atomic Energy Commission
chairman added to NSC's regu-
lar membership.
JAN. Merger of four "CIA"
subcommittees of Congress
(Armed Services and Appropri-
ations Committees in House and
Senate) into a single, joint
"watchdog" committee, proposed
in resolution by Sen. Mike
Mansfield;
Feb. joint committee idea
opposed by NSC;
7 Mar. opposed by Pres.
Eisenhower;
11 Apr. resolution defeated
by Senate.
JAN-MAR. IAC subcommittee
system expanded;
24 Jan. Committee on Inter-
national Communism established,
with State chairman and secre-
tariat;
31 Jan. Guided Missiles
Intelligence Committee (GMIC),
with CIA secretariat (chair-
man initially from Air Force);
14 Mar. Committee on Ex-
changes, with CIA chairman and
secretariat.
13 JAN. President's Board of
Consultants on Foreign Intel-
ligence Activities established,
with Dr. James R. Killian, Jr.,
as chairman;
6 Feb. charter published as
Executive order, Brig. Gen.
John F. Cassidy named Staff
Director.
1 FEB. CS headquarters and
field structure reorganized;
Senior War Planner positions
established under DD/P.
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16 MAR. Riots in Tiflis, So-
viet Georgia, disclosed.
31 MAR. Laos Prince Souvanna
Phouma becomes prime minister;
10 Aug. reaches coalition
agreement with Communist
Pathet Lao.
26 MAR. US-Mexican-Canadian
summ t conference opens at
White Sulphur Springs.
2 APR. Percival F. Brundage be-
comes Director, Bureau of the
Budget.
17 APR. Communist Information
Bureau (Cominform) dissolved.
23 APR. Berlin tunnel to East
Germany protested by USSR.
26 APR. Commerce Department
relaxes export controls on
about 700 non-strategic items
to Soviet Bloc countries.
1 JUN. Shepilov replaces
Molotov as Soviet foreign
minister.
20 JUN. USSR-Yugoslavia joint
declaration on "differing
roads to socialism" issued.
28-29 JUN. Food riots in
Poznan, Poland, suppressed
with heavy casualties.
8 JUN. Pres. Eisenhower under-
goes emergency surgery.
21 JUN. Switzerland and US
sign atomic-energy agreement.
7 Sep. secret annex dis-
closed.
30 JUN. US national security,
international, and cuter space
expenditures reduced. slightly
in FY 56 to $42.6 billion, from
$42,8 billion in FY 55.
US military strength down
to 2.8 million officers and
enlisted men, from 2.9
million in FY 55.
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Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
1 MAR. William H. Jackson ap-
pointed as Pres. Eisenhower's
Special Assistant for Cold War
Planning and OCB representa-
tive;
25 Aug. named also as act-
ing Special Assistant for
National Security Affairs and
NSC executive officer (succeed-
ing Dillon Anderson).
16 MAR. William P. Bundy suc-
ceeds Paul A. Borel as IAC
secretary.
MAY-JUN. USIA's membership
application in IAC turned down.
MAY-JUL. IAC membership
changes: JUN. First U-2 flights over
from Navy, Rear Adm. Lau- USSR approved.
rence H. Frost succeeds Adm.
Espe;
from Army, Maj. Gen. Robert
A. Schow succeeds Gen. Gaither;
from Air Force, Maj. Gen.
Millard Lewis succeeds Gen.
Samford;
from Joint Staff, Brig.
Gen. Richard Collins succeeds
Adm. Layton.
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Jul-Dec 56
26 JUL. Nasser nationalizes
Suez Canal company.
21 OCT. Gomulka heads Poland's
new Politburo, elected over
Soviet objections;
15 Nov. reconciliation con-
ference in Moscow opens;
17 Dec. new treaty on Soviet
forces in Poland signed.
United States
19 JUL. US withdraws offer
to help finance Egypt's Aswan
Dam.
18 SEP. Bell X-2 aircraft
establishes new high-altitude
world record (126,000 feet).
15 OCT. Pres. Eisenhower
announces continuance of
economic aid to Yugoslavia but
curtailment of military aid.
23-24 OCT.: Revolt in Budapest,
Soviet military forces inter-
vene;
4 Nov. Kadar replaces Nagy.
26 OCT. International Atomic
Energy Agency's statute signed
at UN by 70 governments (29
Jul 57 IAEA established).
29 OCT. Israel invades Egypt's
Sinai Peninsula;
31 Oct. France and UK inter-
vene;
7 Nov. cease-fire accepted
by four parties, supported by
US and USSR in UN.
12 NOV. Sudan, Morocco, and
Tunisia admitted to UN;
18 Dec. Japan admitted.
30 NOV. Landing of Fidel
Castro's revolutionary ex-
pedition in Cuba's Oriente
Province disclosed.
6 NOV. Pres. Eisenhower and
Vice Pres. Nixon reelected,
defeating Democratic candi-
dates Stevenson and Kefauver.
In Congressional elections,
Democrats retain control of
both houses.
20 NOV. Gen. Lauris Norstad
succeeds Gen. Gruenther as
Supreme Allied Commander,
Europe.
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Jul-Dec 56
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
20 AUG-15 OCT. DCI Dulles makes
extended worldwide tour of US
installations and has consulta-
tions with foreign leaders.
16 NOV. First ICBM base estab-
lished at Camp Cooke, Calif.
(Vandenberg AF Base).
18 DEC. Arthur Larson succeeds
Streibert as USIA director.
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Jan-May 57
18 JAN. Sino-Soviet joint de-
claration in Moscow during
Chou En-lai's visit.
26 JAN. Kashmir and Jammu
joined to Union of India.
JAN. Four Congressional sub-
committees on CIA reestablish-
ed in 85th Congress, chaired
by Sen. Richard Russell,
Sen. Carl Hayden, Rep. Carl
Vinson, and Rep. Clarence
Cannon.
27 FEB. Mao Tse-tung's first
"Hundred Flowers" speech.
8 MAR. Ghana admitted to UN;
17 Sep. Malaysia admitted.
21 MAR. US/UK summit confer-
ence in Bermuda;
24 Mar. strategic nuclear
missiles agreement concluded,
US joins Baghdad Pact mili-
tary committee.
1 APR. German Lt. Gen. Hans
Speidel becomes commander of
NATO ground forces in central
Europe;
1 Jul. three German divi-
sions placed under NATO com-
mand.
10 MAY. Colombia's 9-year civil
war ends, military junta takes
over, headed by Maj. Gen.
Gabriel Paris.
15 MAY. UK detonates its first
hydrogen bomb at Christmas
Island.
28 FEB-21 MAR. Vice Pres.
Nixon on African tour, visits
Morocco, Ghana, Liberia,
Uganda, Ethiopia, Sudan, Libya,
and Tunisia;
18 Mar. visits Vatican.
9 MAR. Congressional joint
resolution ("Eisenhower Doc-
trine") approved, supporting
"the independence and inte-
grity of the nations of the
Middle East" against Commu-
nist aggression.
25 APR. US 6th Fleet dis-
patched to eastern Mediter-
ranean to protect Jordan's
independence and integrity.
14 MAY. US Military aid to
Yugoslavia ordered resumed.
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?an-May 57
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
JAN. Robert Cutler succeeds
William H. Jackson as NSC
executive officer.
25 FEB. OCB placed within NSC
structure, Under Secretary of
State Herter succeeds Herbert
Hoover, Jr., as chairman.
MAR. Special Group for NSC
5412 activities re-established.
1 MAY. Donald A. Quarles suc-
ceeds Robertson as Deputy Sec-
retary of Defense and OCB
member.
5 MAY. Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.,
succeeds Armstrong as State
Department intelligence head
and member of IAC.
6 MAY. William M. Holaday
named Secretary McElroy's
guided missiles assistant;
15 Nov. redesignated DOD's
Director of Guided Missiles.
27 MAY. Frederick M. Dearborn
appointed President's Special
Assistant for Security Opera-
tions Coordination.
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Jun-Oct 57
3 JUL. "Anti-Party" group
ousted in USSR, including Mal-
enkov, Kaganovich, Molotov,
and Shepilov.
19-21 JUN. Japan-US security
arrangements reestablished by
Kishi government on visit to
Washington.
30 JUN. US national security,
in'- ternational, and space bud-
get expenditures increased in
FY 57 to $45.4 billion, from
$42.6 billion in FY 56.
US military strength down
slightly to 2.79 million
officers and enlisted men,
from 2.8 million in FY 56.
13-14 AUG. Syria expels three
US embassy officials, US expels
Syria's ambassador;
15-18 Aug. Syrian government
overthrown in pro-Communist
coup.
26 AUG. USSR announces success-
ful ICBM test flight.
4 OCT. USSR launches "Sputnik
I," first man-made earth sat-
tellite placed in orbit;
7 Oct. announces test of new
H-bomb warhead;
3 Nov. second space vehicle,
"Sputnik II" (with dog),
launched.
9 OCT. Khrushchev accuses US
of Turkish plot against Syria;
10 Oct. denied;
28 Oct. USSR signs economic
and technical aid agreement
with Syria.
8 OCT. James H. Smith, Jr.,
succeeds Hollister as ICA
director in State Department.
9 OCT. Neil H. McElroy succeeds
Wilson as Secretary of Defense.
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JUL. Col. Robert E. Cushman,
Jr., USMC, named Vice Pres. 1 JUL. , DCA's
Nixon's Assistant for National Executive Assistant, redesig-
Security Affairs. nated DCA's Executive Officer,
with responsibility for coor-
dination of staff actions in
CIA.
Special
Assistant, redesignated Dep-
uty Director (Coordination),
for community matters.
2 AUG. Paul A. Borel named
head of OCR, succeeding James
M. Andrews (effective 9 Sep);
R. Jack Smith replaces
15 AUG. Gen. Nathan F. Twining Borel on Board of National
(USAF succeeds Adm. Arthur W. Estimates (effective 7 Aug).
Radford as JCS chairman.
9 SEP. CIA's Congressional
relations reassigned to Gen-
s Legislative Counsel.
succeeds
eral Counsel's Office
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Global
5 OCT. Soviet delegation at UN
publicly denies Khrushchev's
remarks, "time is on our side,
we will bury you" (Nov 56);
8 Oct. Khrushchev blames
US, especially Secretary
Dulles, for tensions, in in-
terview with N.Y.Times (James
Reston).
16-21 OCT. Queen Elizabeth
visits US (Williamsburg, Wash-
ington, New York), also UN;
23,25 Oct. Eisenhower and
Macmillan confer, issue de-
claration of common purpose,
need for defense coordination
in entire 'free world.
19 OCT. West Germany severs
relations with Yugoslavia,
after latter's recognition
of East Germany (on 15 Oct).
26 OCT. Marshal Zhukov re-
moved as Soviet Defense Mini-
ster;
2 Nov. removed from Presid-
ium and Central Committee.
22 NOV. 64 national Communist
parties, meeting in Moscow,
support USSR foreign policies
and sign "peace manifesto"
against "capitalistic monopo-
lies'...vested interest in
war".
25 NOV. Pres. Eisenhower suf-
fers a cerebral arterial
occlusion.
16-19 DEC. NATO Summit confer-
ence in Paris, Allies agree on
missile bases in Europe. 17 DEC. US Atlas success-
26 DEC-1 JAN 58. Communist-dom- fully test-fired by Air Force
inated Asian-African People's at Cape Canaveral--first US
Solidarity Conference held in intercontinental ballistic
Cairo. missile (ICBM).
airo.
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Oct-Dec 57
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
13 OCT. Lockheed announces
development of reconnaissance
satellite "Pied Piper" ("Big
Brother");
25 Nov. "Sentry" disclosed.
6 NOV. CIA Current Intelli-
15 NOV. George V. Allen suc- gence Bulletin ordered expand-
ceeds Arthur Larson as USIA ed as coordinated product.
director.
15 NOV. White House Office of
Science and Technology estab-
lished, headed by Dr. James R.
Killian, Jr.
25 NOV. Senate Preparedness
Investigating Subcommittee
(Sen. Lyndon B. Johnson,
chairman) begins hearings on
US and foreign missile and
satellite programs.
13 DEC. Report of Gaither
Committee disclosed (review
of military defense program
for NSC), H. Rowan Gaither,
Jr., chairman.
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Jan-Apr 58
1 JAN. European Economic Com-
munity and European Atomic
Energy Community established.
1-22 FEB. Syria unites with
Egypt in United Arab Republic
(UAR) under Nasser;
8 Mar. Yemen federates with
UAR;
Apr-Sep. Nasser visits USSR,
Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia.
27 MAR. Khrushchev succeeds
Bulganin as Soviet Premier.
31 JAN. Explorer I launched
by Army at Cape Canaveral,
first US earth satellite to
go into orbit;
17 Mar. Navy Vanguard I
launched.
8 MAR. Last US battleship
CUSS Wisconsin) retired.
27 APR-15 MAY. Vice Pres.
Nixon makes good-will tour
of eight South American coun-
tries, encounters hostile
demonstrations in Peru and
Venezuela.
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Jan-Apr 58
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
7 FEB. Advanced Research Pro-
jects Agency (ARPA) establish-
ed in DOD, Roy W. Johnson of
General Electric named direct-
or, responsible for US space
program, including missiles
and anti-missiles.
10 FEB. Senate establishes
Space and Astronautics Com-
mittee;
20 Feb. Sen. Lyndon B.
Johnson named chairman;
5 Mar. House establishes
Astronautics and Space Explor-
ation Committee, headed by
Rep. John W. McCormack.
25 FEB. In OCB, Karl G. Harr
succeeds Frederick M. Dearborn
(deceased) as Pres. Eisen-
hower's Special Assistant for
Security Operations Coordin-
ation;
19 Dec. Bromley K. Smith
named OCB executive officer.
26 FEB. Critical Collection
Problems Committee (CCPC)
established by IAC;
DD/I Amory, chairman;
Robert Gaynor (CS), Sec.
28 FEB. Lt. Gen. John E. Hull
succeeds Dr. Killian as chair-
man of President's Intelli-
gence Board.
1 APR.
redesignated DCI's Special
Assistant for Planning and
Development, including CIA's
R&D programs.
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May,-Jul 5 8
13 MAY. Algeria taken over by
right-wing French generals.
29 MAY. Gen. Charles de Gaulle
becomes Prime Minister of
France.
12 MAY. US and Canada sign
operational agreement on
North American Air Defense
Command (NORAD) ;
10 Jul. Committee on
Joint Defense announced.
29 MAY-28 JUN. Ghana's Premier
Nkrumah tours seven African
Conference countries.
18 Jul-2 Aug. visits
Canada and US.
16 JUN. Disclosure of Hun-
gary's secret trial and exe-
cution of Imre Nagy, Pal
Maleter, and others for plot-
ting 1956 revolt.
1 JUL-21 AUG. Geneva con-
ference of Allied and Com-
munist experts on detection of
nuclear test violations;
31 Oct-19 Dec. conference
on cessation of tests;
10 Nov-18 Dec. conference
on prevention of surprise
attack.
14 JUL. Iraq's government
overthrown, king and crown
prince assassinated in coup
led by al-Kassim;
18-19 Jul. agreements with
USSR and UAR signed;
2 Aug. Iraq recognized by
US.
15 JUL. US Marines ordered to
Beirut to protect Lebanon's
independence;'
17 Jul. British intervene
in Jordan with paratroopers.
30 JUN. US national. security,
international, and space
budget expenditures increas-
ed in FY 58 to $46.5 billion,
from $45.4 billion in FY 57.
US military strength down
to 2.6 million officers and
enlisted men, from 2.79 mil-
lion in FY 57.
1 JUL. Office of Civil and
Defense Mobilization (OCDM)
replaces ODM and Federal Civil
Defense Administration,
assumes ODM's membership on
NSC; OCDM headed by Leo A.
Hoegh.
28. JUL . US commitment to
Baghdad Pact reinforced by
executive agreements with UK,
Turkey, Iran, and Pakistan.
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May-Jul 58
Central Intelligence Agency
JUN. and
named co-ed ors
of Studies in Intelligence
(Mar 59, named editor) .
14 JUL. John A. McCone
succeeds Adm. Lewis L. Strauss
as AEC chairman.
25X1A9a
21 JUL.
25X1A9a
23 JUL. Gordon Gray succeeds
succeeds
as
Robert Cutler as NSC executive
head of
.
officer.
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Jul-Sep 58
31 JUL-3 AUG. Sino-Soviet
summit conference in Peking.
23 AUG. Quemoy and Matsu bomb-
ardment resumed by Communist
China; US orders naval escort
for Nationalist Chinese supply
ships.
29 AUG. Communist China
orders rural "people's com-
munes", under "Great Leap
Forward".
29 JUL. National Aeronautics
and Space Act approved;
19 Aug. Dr. T. Keith
Glennan becomes National Aero-
nautics and Space Administra-
tor and member of NSC;
1 Oct. NASA activated.
6 AUG. Department of Defense
Reorganization Act approved,
authority of three service de-
partments further diminished,
new Director of Defense Re-
search and Engineering (DDRE)
established;
24 Dec. Dr. Herbert F. York
named DDRE.
7 AUG. USS Nautilus completes
Arctic voyage beneath polar
icecap.
20 AUG. Reciprocal trade trea-
ties and act extended for 4
years;
16 Oct-22 Nov. GATT confer-
ence on General Agreement on
Tariffs and Trade meets in
Geneva.
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C: ~? 1 Jul-Sep 58
Intelligence Community
Central Intelligence Agency
AUG.
(Dep. Ch. FI Staff, DD/P)
added to DCI's executive com-
mittee (deputies meeting).
18 AUG. Photographic Intel-
ligence Center (PIC) estab-
lished in DD/I directorate
as a CIA and community ser-
vice, taking over PI functions
from ORR/GRA and OCR Statis-
tical Branch.
SEP. IAC and USCIB subcommit-
tee reorganization begins, re-
constituted by Sep 59 into 22
standing committees, ad hoc
committees, and working
groups; 16 chaired by CIA,
four by Air Force, and two by
State, major new committees
include intelligence commit-
tees on communications intel-
ligence (COMINT), electronic
intelligence (ELINT), critical
communications (CRITICOM),
documentation (CODIB), and a
cluster of committees con-
cerned with space satellite
requirements and surveillance.
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Sep-Dec 58
14 SEP. Gen. de Gaulle meets
Chancellor Konrad Adenauer
at Colombey-les-Deux Eglises.
2 OCT. Guinea (former French
colony) proclaims independ-
ence;
12 Dec. admitted to UN.
4 OCT. Jet airliner passenger
service across Atlantic opened
by British Overseas Airways
Corp.;
26 Oct. US jet service be-
gun by Pan American Airways.
9 OCT. Pope Pius XII dies;
4 Nov. succeeded by John
XXIII (Cardinal Roncalli).
23 OCT. USSR offers loan to
UAR to build Aswan Dam on Nile
River;
28 Dec. pact signed.
4 OCT. US and Japan undertake
revision of 1951 security
treaty.
11 OCT. Pioneer I (Thor-Able),
in first successful outer
space probe, reaches 70,700
miles altitude.
18 DEC. Atlas ICBM (Project
Score) orbited successfully by
Air Force.
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Sep-Dec 58
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
15 SEP. US intelligence Board
(USIB) established by NSC, re-
places IAC and USCIB.
Membership includes DCI
Dulles (chairman), Hugh S.
Cumming, Jr. (State), Maj.
Gen. Graves B. Erskine
(OSD/DOD), Maj. Gen. Robert
A. Schow (Army) (replaced by
Maj. Gen. John M. Willems,
Dec 1958), Rear Adm. Laurence
H. Frost (Navy), Maj. Gen.
James H. Walsh, (Air Force),
Lt. Gen. John A. Samford (NSA),
Brig. Gen. Robert A. Breit-
weiser (Joint Staff), Harry S.
Traynor (AEC), and Alan H.
Belmont (FBI). John Heires
named Executive Secretary.
OCT. Harvard-sponsored study,
Central Intelligence and Na-
tional Security, by Harry H.
Ransom (Macmillan), first
major academic book on CIA,
warns of "invisible govern-
ment."
27 DEC. Federal Council for
Science and Technology estab-
lished as coordinating body,
headed by Dr. James R. Killian,
Jr.
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JAN-MAR. Anti-Chinese revolt
in Tibet suppressed, Dalai
Lama flees to India.
1 JAN. Castro forces take over
Cuba, Batista flees to Domin-
ican Republic;
15-27 Apr. Castro visits
US, UN, and Canada.
27 JAN. Soviet Party Congress
convenes, approves 7-year
economic plan;
7 Feb. 7-year plan for in-
dustrial aid to Communist
China signed;
13-16 May. CEMA (Comecon)
meets at Tirana, agrees on 7-
year planning targets for
other Communist countries.
5-11 FEB. Cyprus agreement
reached at Greek-Turkish sum-
mit conference at Zurich;
17-19 Feb. London confer-
ence agrees on Cyprus indepen-
dence in 1960;
22 Feb. emergency of 1955
terminated.
16 MAR. Soviet economic and
technical aid to Iraq an-
nounced (550 million rubles);
24 Mar. Iraq withdraws
from Baghdad Pact;
30 May. Iraq cancels agree-
ments with US.
3 JAN. Alaska admitted as 49th
State;
21 Aug. Hawaii, 50th State.
30 JAN. Sen. J.W. Fulbright
(Ark.) succeeds Sen. T.F.
Green (R.I.) as chairman of
Senate Foreign Relations
Committee.
17 FEB. Vanguard I (SLV-4)
weather reconnaissance satel-
lite successfully orbited
from Cape Canavera
18 Sep. Vanguard III
launched.
17 MAR. President's Citizens
Committee on foreign military
assistance (William H. Draper,
Jr., chairman) makes interim
report;
20 Aug. final report sent
to Congress.
27 MAR. US and Bulgaria re-
store diplomatic relations
severed in 1950;
10 Jun. US and Poland
sign economic aid agreement
($50 million).
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Jan-Mar 59
Intelligence Community
JAN. Four Congressional sub-
committees on CIA re-estab-
lished in 86th Congress; three
chairmen continued, Sen.
Russell, Sen. Hayden, and Rep.
Cannon; Rep. Paul J. Kilday
replaces Rep. Vinson as chair-
man of CIA subcommittee of
House Armed Services Commit-
tee.
25X1A9a
25X1A9a
Central Intelligence Agency
1 JAN. Richard M. Bissell, Jr.,
head of DCI's Planning and De-
velopment Staff, succeeds
Wisner as DD/P; technical pro-
jects transferred with him to
DD/P; reorganized in new De-
velopment Projects Division
(DPD), under
28 JAN. CIA manpower utili-
tization task force appointed
by DCI, headed by Daniel De
Bardeleben.
10 FEB. Pres. Eisenhower pub-
licly reiterates order of
1959 curtailing overflights
near Soviet borders.
MAR-JUN. USIB establishes
Security and Cost Estimates
Committee, both under CIA
chairmanship.
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uI 9
8 APR. Inter-American Develop-
ment Bank charter signed;
31 Dec. capital contribu-
tions by 18 nations announced.
11 MAY. Four-power foreign
ministers' conference with
East and West Germany opens
in Geneva.
JUN. Pathet Lao guerrillas re-
open attacks in northern Laos;
31 Dec. Laos put under
military rule, under Gen.
Nosavan.
15 APR. Secretary of State
J.F. Dulles resigns because
of illness, succeeded by
Christian A. Herter;
12 Jun. C. Douglas Dillon
succeeds Herter as Under Sec-
retary.
5-22 MAY. US defense agreements
on sharing nuclear weapons
signed with seven NATO
countries.
8 MAY. Deputy Secretary of
Defense Quarles dies;
8 Jun. succeeded by Thomas
S. Gates, Jr.
20 MAY. Development Loan Fund
(DLF) established, first ap-
propriation approved for $150
million.
9 JUN. Polaris-carrying nuclear
submarine George Washington
launched at Groton.
30 JUN. US national security,
international, and space bud-
get expenditures increased in
FY 59 to $50.4 billion, from
$46.5 billion in FY 58.
US military strength down
to 2.5 million officers and
enlisted men, from 2.6 million
in FY 58.
2 JUL. US technical aid to UAR
resumed (first since 1956).
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Intelligence Community
16 APR. Investigation of cold
war planning and NSC operations
by Senate Government Operations
Committee announced (under Sen.
Henry M. Jackson);
18 Jul. Subcommittee on
National Policy machinery or-
ganized.
29 MAY. Ambassador James W.
Riddleberger succeeds James
H. Smith, Jr., as ICA direc-
tor in State Department.
29 MAY. NSA personnel exempt-
ed from Civil Service policies
and controls.
Apr-Jul 59
Central Intelligence Agency
20 MAY. US District Court
(Judge Holtzoff) upholds DCI's
"plenary power to discharge
any employee at will"; first
court case involving section
102 (c) of National Security
Act.
25 JUN. CIA Automatic Data
Processing Committee estab-
lished; chaired by -
15 JUL. Dr. George Kistiakow-
sky succeeds Dr. Killian as
Pres. Eisenhower's Special
Assistant for Science and
Technology;
15 Jan 60. Killian resigns
from PFIAB.
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Global
18 AUG. Baghdad Pact alliance
renamed Central Treaty Organ-
ization (CENTO).
23 JUL-5 AUG. Vice Paces. Nixon
visits USSR and Poland.
26 AUG-7 SEP. Pres. Eisenhower
visits West Germany, UK, and
France;
12-14 SEP. Soviet Cosmic Rock-
et II (Lunik II) launched,
hits moon;
4-6 Oct. Cosmic Rocket'III
(Lunik III) launched, moon or-
bit achieved.
14 SEP. Soviet-Indian economic
credit agreement (1.5 billion
rubles) signed by Nehru in
Moscow.
15-27 SEP. Khrushchev visits US;
30 Sep-4 Oct. visits Com-
munist China.
16 SEP. DeGaulle pledges self-
determination to Algeria.
17 SEP. Communist China's de-
fense minister Peng Teh-huai
removed after criticizing
Mao's "Great Leap Forward";
replaced by Lin Piao.
1 DEC. Antarctic Treaty signed
by US, USSR, and 10 other
nations.
1 SEP. Atlas ICBM becomes op-
erational, taken over by Stra-
tegic Air Command.
3-22 DEC. Eisenhower visits 11
countries in Western Europe,
Middle East, South Asia, and
19-21 DEC. Allied summit con- North Africa.
ference in Paris, proposes
summit conference with USSR 22 DEC. US agrees to evacu-
in 1960. ati.on of Morocco bases by 1963.
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Jul-Dec 59
Central Intelligence Agency
20 JUL. J. Patrick Coyne of
NSC staff succeeds Gen. Cas-
sidy as staff director of
President's Intelligence Con-
sultants Board.
SEP. Robert D. Murphy succeeds
Herter as OCB chairman;
13 Jan 60. Murphy succeeded
by Gordon Gray.
3 NOV. Pres. Eisenhower lays
cornerstone at CIA's new
headquarters building at
Langley.
DEC. Priority National Intel-
ligence Objectives (PNIO's),
under review by USIB, re-
scheduled on a quarterly and
annual basis.
13 NOV. DCI Dulles testifies
at start of Congressional
Joint Economic Committee's
hearings on US and Soviet
economic growth.
2 DEC. Thomas S. Gates, Jr.,
succeeds Neil H. McElroy as
Secretary of Defense;
11 Dec. James H. Douglas,
Jr., succeeds Gates as Deputy
Secretary and OCB member.
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fin-May 60
26 JAN. International Develop-
ment Assoc. (IDA) established.
19 JAN. US and Japan sign re-
vised security treaty.
4-13 FEB. Cuba visited by
USSR's Mikoyan, signs credit
and trade agreements;
23 Jul. Cuba signs agree-
ments with Communist China;
7 Aug. Cuba expropriates
all US-owned companies.
13 FEB. France detonates its
first nuclear-bomb device in
the Sahara, joins US-USSR-UK
"nuclear club".
22 FEB-7 MAR. Pres. Eisenhower
visits Puerto Rico, Brazil,
Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay.
15 MAR. Disarmament Conference
(10 allied and Communist na-
tions) meets at Geneva;
27 Jun. conference termin-
ated by walkout of Soviet Bloc
delegates.
1 MAY. US U-2 reconnaissance
aircraft, piloted by Francis
Gary Powers, shot down over
USSR;
5 May. Khrushchev discloses
capture;
16-17 May. Big-Four summit
conference in Paris collapses
over incident;
17-19 Aug. Powers tried and
convicted in Moscow trial.
5 MAY. US announces :_ts MAAG
in Suth Vietnam increased
from 327 to 685 members.
7 MAY. White House announces
VELA project for improved de-
tection of underground nuclear
explosions.
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Intelligence Community
26 JAN. CRITICOM intelligence
transmission agreement signed
by Defense, State, and CIA
for 10-minute service at six
foreign cities, 1 hour at 34
others.
17 FEB. President's Committee
on Information Activities
Abroad announced (Mansfield
D. Sprague, chairman);
Oct, Dec. preliminary and
final reports filed.
24 MAR. Ex-Pres. Truman pub-
licly urges foreign intelli-
gence and policy briefings to
Pres. candidates;
30 Mar. Eisenhower agrees;
18 Jul. briefing arrange-
ments with candidates Kennedy
and Johnson announced.
Jan-May 60
Central Intelligence Agency
26 JAN. DCI Dulles, in speech
in NYC, explains estimating
procedures on capabilities
and intentions, after Senate
hearings and debate on al-
leged nuclear missile gap with
USSR;
24 Feb. DCI testifies before
Sen. Johnson's preparedness
subcommittee.
17 FEB. DCI testifies at
initial hearings by Sen. Henry
M. Jackson's subcommittee on
national policy machinery.
23 FEB. PP Staff redesignated
Covert Action Staff (CA).
1 MAR. O/DDI,
appointe IA disarmament
staff officer and chairman of
intra-CIA coordinating group.
9 MAY. DCI briefs Congres-
sional leaders on U-2 inci-
dent;
31 May. DCI testifies be-
fore Senate Foreign Relations
Committee.
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,.Al-Aug 60
JUN. Sino-Soviet dispute sur-
faces at Peiping conference of
labor leaders;
Aug. USSR recalls techni-
cians from China.
30 JUN. Belgian Congo becomes
independent republic;
11 Jul. Katanga province
secedes, UN orders interven-
tion.
11 JUL. USSR shoots down US
RB- 77 aircraft over Barents
Sea; denounced by US 13 Jul.
9 AUG. Laos overthrown by Kong
Lets leftist-neutralist forces;
Souvanna Phouma becomes pre-
mier again (17 Aug);
16 Dec. Gen. Phoumi Nosavan
retakes Vientiane; Soviet
planes start airdrop aid to
leftist troops (27 Dec).
9-15 MAY. U-2 overflights and
need for foreign reconnais-
sance publicly defended by
Pres. Eisenhower, Vice Pres.
Nixon, Secretary Herter, and
Cong. leaders L.B. Johnson,
Paul Kilday, and Clarence
Cannon; deplored by Demo-
cratic Advisory CourLcil,
Kennedy, and Stevenson;
27 May-25 Jun. Senate
Foreign Relations Committee
holds hearings, issues maj-
ority and minority reports.
12-26 JUN. Pres. Eisenhower
visits Alaska, Philippines-,
Taiwan, Okinawa, Korea, and
Hawaii (Japan visit canceled
because of leftist mob
threats).
30 JUN. US total national
security, internaticnal, and
space budget expenditures re-
duced in FY 60 to $4.7.9 bil-
lion, from $50.4 billion in
FY 59.
US military strength
down to 2.47 million officers
and enlisted men, from 2.5
million in FY 59.
20 JUL. Polaris successfully
fired from submerged USS
George Washington;
15 Sep and 22 Dec. sim-
ilar firings from Patrick
Henry and Robert E. Lee.
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Intelligence Community
24 MAY. Midas II missile de-
tection alarm system success-
fully launched.
JUN. NSC Committee of Princi-
pals (on nuclear test negoti-
ations) chaired by Secretary
of State, expanded to cover
arms reduction and control
matters; DCI's membership
continued.
Central Intelligence Agency
9 JUN. CIA's community coor-
dination staff re-activated
under ,
named DCI's Assistant for
Coordination, effective
1 July.
15-16 JUN. DCI's conferences
with UK and German leaders in
London and Bonn disclosed
in press.
5-26 JUL. USIB, in regular
"weekly review of sensitive
situations," discusses Indo-
nesia, Middle East, Congo,
Cuba, Canada, USSR in Attu,
and Southern Rhodesia.
1.2-14 JUL. DCI Dulles estab-
lishes Joint Study Group on
Foreign Intelligence Activi-
ties of the US Government
(JSG) with representatives
from State, Defense, Budget
Bureau, and NSC staff, under
CIA chairman Lyman B. Kirk-
patrick (IG) ;
15 Dec. report and recom-
mendations on CIA and com-
munity matters filed.
23 and 27 JUL. DCI conducts
first in series of CIA brief-
ings for Pres. and Vice-Pres.
candidates Kennedy and John-
son.
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Aug-Nov 60
5-13 SEP. Act of Bogota, for
Latin American economic and
social development, signed by
19 OAS members.
6 SEP. Bernon F. Mitchell and
William H. Martin, NSA employ-
ees defected to USSR, hold
press conference in Moscow.
20 SEP-7 OCT. UN admits 16 new
African states and Cyprus; UN
roster totals exactly 100 mem-
ber states.
17 SEP. US permits Panama
flag in Canal Zone as evi-
dence of titular sovereignty.
26 SEP-21 OCT. Four TV de-
bates held by Presidential
candidates Nixon and Kennedy,
discuss US-USSR economic and
military race, missile gap,
Quemoy and Matsu defense, U-2
incident, Cuba, nuclear tests,
summit conferences.
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Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
19 AUG. Committee on Overhead
Reconnaissance (COMOR) estab-
lished by USIB under CIA chair-
man J.Q. Reber and Air Force
deputy chairman Col. Lowell E.
May.
COMOR replaces air and
space requirements coordina-
tion committees (ARC and SIRC).
SEP. USIB establishes Ad Hoc
Committee on Personnel Secur-
ity Legislation, Lawrence R.
Houston, chairman.
30 SEP. Gen. Lyman L. Lem-
nitzer (Army) succeeds Gen.
Twining (Air Force) as JCS
chairman.
OCT-NOV. USIB establishes
special committees on crisis
areas (Berlin and Cuba).
11 OCT. Samos I photo-recon-
naissance satellite success-
fully test-fired.
NOV. Pres. Eisenhower's NSC
re-affirms opposition to
merger of four "CIA" subcom-
mittees in Congress into a
single joint "watchdog"
committee.
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Nov-Dec 60
8 NOV. Sen. John F. Kennedy
(Der elected Pres., Sen.
Lyndon B. Johnson elected
Vice Pres., defeating Re-
publican candidates Vice Pres.
Richard M. Nixon and. Sen.
Henry C. Lodge; Democrats re-
tain control of both houses
of Congress.
10 NOV. President-Elect
Kennedy continues Allen W.
Dulles as DCI and J. Edgar
Hoover as FBI director, names
Clark M. Clifford as liaison
officer with outgoing Eisen-
hower administration;
6 Dec. Kennedy and Eisen-
hower confer on transition.
12 DEC. President-Elect
13 DEC. Former Congo Premier Kennedy names Dean Rusk and
Lumumba arrested (ousted 5 Sep Chester Bowles Secretary and
by Kasavubu). Under Secretary of State;
13-24 Dec. Robert S. McNa-
mara, Roswell L. Gilpatric,
14 DEC. Organization for Eco- and Paul H. Nitze appointed
nomic Cooperation and Devel- as Secretary of Defense,
opment (Western Europe, US, Deputy Secretary, and Assis-
Canada) replaces OEEC, agree- tant Secretary for Internation-
ment signed. al Security Affairs, respect-
ively;
29 Dec. McGeorge Bundy
named Special Assistant for
National Security Affairs;
19 Jan 61. Walt W. Rostow
named as Bundy's deputy.
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NOV-DEC. USIB membership
changes:
from NSA, Vice Adm.
Laurence H. Frost succeeds
Gen. Samford;
from Navy, Rear Adm.
Vernon L. Lowrance succeeds
Adm. Frost.
8 NOV. Pres. Eisenhower, in
executive order on mutual
security, reiterates authority
of ambassadors to coordinate
and supervise US overseas
activities; in confidential
supplement, reiterates
special existing arrangements
in foreign intelligence. field.
18 NOV. Pres.-Elect Kennedy
briefed on CIA affairs by
Dulles and Bissell at Palm
Beach.
23 NOV. Tiros II weather re-
connaissance satellite succes-
fully launched.
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2 JAN. Castro denounces US
Embassy staff in Cuba as "80%
spies";
3 Jan. Pres. Eisenhower
severs diplomatic relations
with Cuba;
12 Apr. Pres. Kennedy
pledges non-intervention in
Cuba.
23 JAN-3 FEB. Portuguese
cruise ship Santa Maria, en
route from Curacao to Florida,
hijacked by insurgent leader
Galvao.
4 JAN. C. Douglas Dillon,
Secretary of the Treasury-
designate, resigns from State
Dept.;
21 Jan. confirmed and sworn
in;
22 May. Charles A. Sullivan
named Treasury aide for na-
tional security affairs.
17 JAN. Pres. Eisenhower, in
farewell address on TV/radio,
judges US as "the strongest,
the most influential, and the
most productive nation of the
world"; condemns Communism as
"a hostile ideology--global in
scope, atheistic in character,
ruthless in purpose, and in-
sidious in method"; and cau-
tions against "unwarranted
influence, whether sought or
unsought, by the military-
industrial complex."
20 JAN. Pres. Kennedy and Vice
Pres. Johnson inaugurated.
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Intelligence Community
Central Intelligence Agency
JAN. Four Congressional sub-
committees on CIA continued
in 87th Congress, under same
chairmen (Sen. Russell,
Sen. Hayden, Rep. Kilday,
and Rep. Cannon);
24 Sep. Rep. Kilday resigns
from Congress; Rep. Carl
Vinson assumes chairmanship of
CIA subcommittee of House Arm-
ed Services Committee.
11 JAN. Roger Hilsman, Jr.,
appointed State Department's
Director of Intelligence Re-
search and USIB member, re-
placing Cumming (re-assigned).
11 JAN. Dr. Jerome B. Wiesner
named as Pres. Kennedy's
Special Assistant for Science
and Technology, replacing Dr.
Kistiakowsky.
1.6 JAN. Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg
named AEC chairman, succeeding
John A. McCone (confirmed by
Senate 24 Feb).
17 JAN. Dr. Jack P. Ruina
succeeds Brig. Gen. Austin W.
Betts as director of Advance
Research Projects Agency
(in DOD);
9 Mar. Dr. Harold Brown
succeeds Dr. Herbert C. York
as Deputy Director, Research
and Engineering (DOD).
18 JAN. National Photographic
Interpretation Center (NPIC)
replaces PIC with new charter
from President Eisenhower's
outgoing NSC (NSCID No. 8);
Authur C. Lundahl continues
as Director.
19 JAN. Walt W. Rostow named
Pres. Kennedy's deputy special
assistant (under Bundy) for
NSC and related affairs.
31 JAN. US orbits Samos II
as photo reconnaissance
satellite.
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Global United States
2 FEB. Albania signs credit
agreement with Communist China; 6-8 FEB. US missile gap
10 Dec. USSR suspends dip- publicly discounted by Secre-
lomatic relations with Albania. tary of Defense McNamara and
Pres. Kennedy.
9 FEB. James E. Webb succeeds
13 FEB. Assassination of Dr..Glennan as NASA director.
Katanga's ex-premier Lumumba
disclosed.
1 MAR. Peace Corps established
2 MAR. Soviet and North Viet- in-State Department;
namese arms buildup reported 22 Sep. enabling legisla-
in Communist-held Phongsavan, tion approved.
Laos;
11 Mar. Pathet Lao offen-
sive launched;
23 Mar. US military aid
announced;
3 May. cease-fire begins;
16 May. 14-power conference
opens at Geneva.
8-17 MAR. British Commonwealth
conference in London; Cyprus
admitted;
15 May. Union of South
Africa announces independence;
18 Jun. Kuwait quasi-pro-
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by British, except for defense
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Jan-Mar 61
Intelligence Community Central Intelligence Agency
31 JAN. Interdepartmental
coordinating task force on
Latin American policy announc-
ed, chaired by Adolph A.
Berle, Jr.
1 FEB. Pres. Kennedy convenes
NSC for first time.
19 FEB. Operations Coordin-
ating Board (OCB) dissolved
by Pres. Kennedy; Special
Group for coordinating covert
activities reactivated, with
CIA's initial briefing of
McGeorge Bundy and department-
al members on Tues. 14 Feb,
followed by weekly Thursday
luncheon meetings starting 23
Feb.
27 FEB. Dr. Henry A. Kissinger
joins Bundy's national secur-
ity staff as part-time con-
sultant.
10 MAR. National Security
Action Memorandum (NSAM) sys-
tem established by Bundy.
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Mar-May 61
13 MAR. Latin American "Alli-
ance for Progress" social-
economic reform program pro-
posed by Pres. Kennedy;
27 May. US $500 million aid
bill signed.
5-17 Aug. Alliance imple-
mented at OAS conference at
Puenta del Este, Uruguay;
charter signed by all members
except Cuba.
12 APR. USSR orbits first man-
ned satellite ("Vostok," Maj.
Gagarin).
16 APR. Invasion of Cuba
announced by Miro Cardona,
exile leader in US;
17-19 Apr. attempted land-
ings at Cochinos Bay (Bay of
Pigs) launched from Honduras,
defeated by Castro forces;
US support denounced by Roa
as "CIA mercenaries"; full
Soviet aid to Castro promised
by Khrushchev;
1 May. Castro declares
Cuba a Socialist nation.
15 MAR. Prof. J.K. Galbraith
named Ambassador to India, re-
placing Ellsworth Dunker;
18 Aug. presents creden-
tials.
1-7 APR. Vice Pres. Johnson
embarks on first official
trip abroad, to Africa and
Europe, major stops at Senegal
and NATO headquarters;
11-21 May. visits Saigon,
Manila, Taipei, Hongkong,
Bangkok, New Delhi, Karachi;
19-20 Aug. visits Bonn and
West Berlin.
5.MAY. First US manned space
flight accomplished (Cmdr.
Alan B. Shepard, Jr.).
16-18 MAY. Pres. Kennedy makes
first foreign state visit, to
Ottawa, Canada.
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Mar-May 61
Central Intelligence Agency
12 MAR. James S. Lay, Jr.,
resigns as NSC Executive Sec-
retary, succeeded by Marion W.
Boggs (acting);
Lay transfers to DCA's
Coordination Staff;
11 Aug. Bromley K. Smith
named Executive Secretary.
22-24 APR. Review committee on
CIA and US intelligence es-
tablished by Pres. Kennedy:
Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor (chair-
man), DCI Dulles, Adm. Arleigh
Burke, and Attorney General
Robert Kennedy.
4 MAY. Pres. Kennedy reacti-
vates President's Intelligence
Board, renamed President's
Foreign Intelligence Advisory
Board (PFIAB), with Dr. James
R. Killian, Jr., as new chair-
man.
25 MAY. OCDM reorganization
reported to Congress; func-
tions divided between Defense
Department and new Office of
Emergency Planning; OCDM
director Frank B. Ellis con-
tinued as OEP director.
20 Jul. implemented by
Executive Order.
7 APR. ELINT research and de-
velopment functions redefined
by DDCI among DDS/Commo,
DDP/TSD, DDP/DPD, DDI/OSI,
CIA's ELINT Research Advisory
Committee (ERAC), and ELINT
Staff Officer (ESO).
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May-Jun 61
30 MAY-6 JUN. Pres. Kennedy
on European trip, confers
in Paris with de Gaulle and
NATO and SHAPE officials;
in Vienna with Schaexf, then
Khrushchev; in London, with
Macmillan and Queen Elizabeth.
4-22 JUN. Adlai E. Stevenson,
Ambassador to UN, visits ten
South American nations, nine
capitals;
27 Jun. reports to Ful-
bright Committee (Senate);
24 Jul. files final report
to Secretary Rusk.
30 JUN. US national security,
international, and space bud-
get expenditures increased in
FY 61 to $50.7 billion, from
$47.9 billion in FY 60;
US military strength up
slightly, to 2.48 million
officers and enlisted men,
from 2.47 million in FY 60.
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May-Jun 61
Central Intelligence Agency
25 MAY. Pres. Kennedy notifies
Congress of national security
reorganization plans for "non-
nuclear war, para-military
operations, and sub-limited
or unconventional wars";
"our whole intelligence effort
must be reviewed and its co-
ordination with other elements
of policy assured."
27 MAY. Pres. Kennedy reiter-
ates each Ambassador's author-
ity to supervise all US Gov-
ernment operations in his
country; recognizes prerog-
ative of eacn agency's repre-
sentative to communicate with
his own headquarters.
JUN. Maj. Gen. Richard Collins
succeeds Gen. Breitweiser as
JCS Joint Staff member of
USIB.
1 JUN. CIA Automatic Data
Processing Staff established
in DD/S.
1 JUN. Manacrement Staff ab-
oli hed
13 JUN. Irvin C. Scarbeck,
Embassy Officer in Warsaw
since '58, charged with giv-
ing classified data to Polish
government;
27 Oct. convicted;
11 Nov. sentenced.
28 JUN. Gen. Maxwell D.
Taylor appointed to new posi-
tion of President's Military
Representative, and chairman
of Special Group (5412 Com-
mittee);
17 Jul. replaced on PFIAB
by Frank Pace, Jr.
chief, retired); functions
absorbed in other DD/S
offices;
27 Jul. Records Management25X1A9a
Staff chief
redesignate. ?