REQUEST OF REPRESENTATIVE FRANK KOWALSKI D. CONN.)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85-00664R000200020008-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 4, 2012
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: January 10, 1961
• Content Type: MF

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00C fl?53
to Jaa-near,
MKMORAND M FO3b: Director Of Central Intslltg. nc*
SUBJECT
of the Director .1 Central Sllfgaac*. such recommendation is coatstae4
in gr& fir.
Request of Representative Frantic Kowals
(D. , Caaaae" )
1. This memorandum c atns s recommendation for appro
2. Representative Kowalski telephoned this afternoon and in
absence talked to one of the secretaries. stated be bad received
certain questions In a telegram to which he would like answers from the
Agency to the next day or two and preferably in writing. The secretary
simply indicated that she would pass on his request.
3. The two questions are:
A- Did CIA Pay for a Jot aiarbase at p TALHUL .
Guataemala !
b, to it Wering 35.000 per flight to tramp pilot s
for future bombing of ell refineries and storage
tasks in Cuba 7
4. 1 discussed this briefly with 3 abort Smart, Chief Counsel.
House Armed Services Committee, since Kowalski is an this Committee,
indicating that probably we would simply alter Kowalski a "n cemmout
answer. Smart Indicated that Kowalski will attempt to pressure on
occasion and possibly we could indicate that Mr. Kilday was chairman
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of a CIA S &bcommitteo and ftat we do not discuss question
sS ecaasaeaartittaa. Mr. Smart suggested
Cote .t military Justice since be was a retired officer or. in the
alternative, other legal action.
As. I rs a d that you ap-prov may cafiag r. day..
tlday agrees with our proposed answer of no coana eat.
f-. M the Past Repr"eatative Kowalski has made public
srntsg ssuled laformaticn. I recap the incidents
be released Informs on concerning SAC deployment at ownersee-
baeae&. The Air Forea regarded -te one sortoss enough that they even
aeaed the quest x of the possibility of prosecution under the miform
r end that I *all Mr. walsbi giving him the no comment
answer in a polite way, n and g the day -commttte..
WARNER
Legislative, Conmsol
The recommendation in paragraph 6 is. approved.
cs
Original returned to Mr. Warner w/note from Mr. Elder "Mr. Dulles approves
your recommendation for handling the attached. " 1/12/61
ALLEN W. DU
Director
ribution
Orig Leg. Counsel
I ` DO dGc/ 61ji-aCe
I ' DI
1 ER 8 CFC
1 ' IG (I f1 DDCI
/I - C/WH Division ?+,. j `I jo 1 1
Col. Grogan
OOC/LC JSW:mka
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 O,,,,,, X. 7$ b .
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UNCL,ArSIF CONFIDENTIAL SECRET
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP
TO
NAME AND ADDRESS
INITIALS
DATE
I
C/ WH Division - 1317 Barton
Hal
2
3
C\ 1A 114
4
5
6
ACTION
DIRECT REPLY
PREPARE REPLY
APPROVAL
DISPATCH
RECOMMENDATION
COMMENT
_
_
FILE
RETURN
CONCURRENCE
_
INFORMATION
SIGNATURE
Remarks :
A
FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER
FROM: NAME, ADDRESS AND PHONE NO.
DATE
O/DCI
UNCLASSIFIED CONFIDENTIAL
SECRET
FORM NO. 7q 7 Replaces Form 30-4 (40)
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP
TO
NAME AND ADDRESS
INITIALS
DATE
1
C/WH Division
2
3
4
5
6
X
ACTION
DIRECT REPLY
PREPARE REPLY
APPROVAL
DISPATCH
RECOMMENDATION
COMMENT
FILE
RETURN
CONCURRENCE
INFORMATION
SIGNATURE
Remarks :
Mr. Dulles hopes you are assembling
a file on such material at the attached:
Att: 7 Jan 61 issue of THE NATION -- articiie
entitled "Guatemala's Secret Airstrip" by Don
Dwiggins.
FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER
ROM: NAME, ADDRESS AND PHONE NO.
DATE
Walter Elder - Assistant to Director
/9/61
UNCLASSIFIED CONFIDENTIAL
SECRET
FORM NO. 7' 7 Replaces Form 30-4 (40)
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03V 1-1 3M Wool'
NATION
JANUARY 7, 1961 . . 25c
For the Kennedy Agenda
FIRST STEPS to BETTER SCHOOLS
Myron Lieberman
GUATEMALA'S SECRET A SI1 P
Don DwigLrins
DEATH KNELL of `ALGERIE FRANCAISE'
Alexander Werth
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LETTERS
have seen of automation in the past
decade may be a trickle by comparison
to what is to come. We share his lack
Automation Pluses ..
Dear Sirs: Charles C. Killingsworth's ar-
ticle on automation ["Three Myths of
Automation," Dec. 17 issue] was very
intc..esting and I certainly agree with his
conclusion that an extensive study of
the effects of automation is badly need-
ed. I have recommended such a program
for some years.
However, I must take issue with his
statement that "a very substantial part
of the cost savings from automation
usually results from displacement of la-
bor in one form or another." It is un-
fortunately true that many companies
undertake the investment in automation
in the belief that it can be paid for in
labor savings; however, they are often
disappointed and, what is worse, miss
the real benefits inherent in automation.
For more and more automation tech-
nology is being used to perform new
functions previously impossible-such as
using computers to supply "what would
happen if" answers to business decision
problems; or controlling variables in
processing industries so as to optimize
production and quality to a degree pre-
viously impossible. Automation also
means accurate long-range weather pre-
diction, automatic road guidance of au-
tomobiles, and startling new techniques
for medical diagnosis.
None of these involves the displace-
ment of labor; all involve the use of the
unique capabilities of automation. It is
in these areas I expect to see the fullest
exploitation of this new technology.
Though I agree we must plan to pre-
vent human hardship from the introduc-
tion of this new technology, we must not
lose sight of the tremendous benefits to
society inherent in automation.
JOHN DIEBOLD
New York City
[John Diebold, a management con-
sultant, has written extensively on auto-
mation, including a series of three articles
which appeared in The Nation of Sept.
19, Sept. 26 and October 3, 1953.-Ed.]
... And the Danger
Dear Sirs: Both clarity and candor are
manifest in Mr. Killingsworth's evalua-
of complacency in these matters... .
Already we are facing serious 'job
losses in steel and other industries be-
cause of automation and technological
changes. We endorse the author's rec-
ommendation for detailed studies of
the employment effect of automation in
specific industries, but would broaden
it to include all forms of technological
change.
OOrIs BRUBAKER, Director
Research Department
United Steelworkers of America
Support for a Martyr
Dear Sirs: The article on Ashton Jones
("Perils of Brotherhood," by Harold
Fleader, Dec. 24) should be reprinted.
... So many people, North and South,
believe that gradualism and education
are all that are needed to solve our race
problems. The Jones article shows the
ugly union often found between the
forces of law and those beyond the law,
Ashton Jones is not a rabble-rouser
or "nut." He is, of course, a zealot, or
he would not expose himself to the
martyrdom which is his lot. It will be
a sorry day for this country when he
and his like are not defended.
HOWARD S. WHITESIDE
Boston, Mass.
Campaign for Freedom
Dear Sirs: "Libertarian principles sel-
dom will vindication these days in the
Supreme Court," observed Prof. Daniel
Berman in his report of the Carl Braden-
Frank Wilkinson hearing. "Braden is
being persecuted for his devotion to
integration and civil liberties.. Wilk-
inson is being punished for leading a
nation-wide campaign to abolish the
Un-American Activities Committee."
Pursuant to Justice Frankfurter's ad-
monition, "The past is against you. May-
be the future is for you," the National
Committee to Abolish the Un-American
Activities Committee calls on all liberty-
loving, peace-minded citizens to heed
the challenge. Congressman James
Roosevelt plans to introduce a resolu-
tion to rescind the mandate of the Un-
American Activities Committee when
Congress reconvenes.
tion of the "myths" of automation. It 1.
is refreshing to be reminded that cost
savings generally involve some displace- 2.
ment of labor, that labor mobility is not
as automatic as a transfer-machine, that
there is a short-run, that skills can be 3.
lost as well as created, and that what we
Write him in support (House Of-
fice Building, Washington, D.C.).
Write and visit your Congressman
urging his support of Roosevelt's res-
olution.
Petitions are available from the N.Y.
Council to Abolish the Un-American
Activities Committee, (106 1 I aR t
208 Street, Bronx, N.Y.).
Send us your contribution. Funds
are essential for the success of this
campaign. Make checks payable to
Robert Kenny, Treasurer, National
Comm. to Abolish the Un-American
Activities Committee, and ,send to
617 No. Larchmont Ave., Los An-
geles 4, Calif.
AUBREY WILLIAMS
Chairman
In This Issue
EDITORIALS
ARTICLES
4 ? First Steps to Better Schools
by MYItON LIEBERAIAN
7 ? Guatemala's Secret Airstrip
by DON DWIGGINS
9 ? Lessons of the British Peace
Drive
by STEPIIEN IIUGII-JONES
12 ? Death Knell of "Algerie Fran-
gaise"
by ALEXANDER WERTII
BOOKS AND THE ARTS
14 ? The Sanctification of Darwin
by GEltTR,UDIl TIIMMIILPARB
15 ? The Glen of Silence (poem)
by HUGH 21lauDIA1011D
15 ? Hero for the Right
by KEITII I[IiTCIIISON
16 ? Continuity of Martyrdom
by RICHARD ill. ELMAN
17 ? Art in Paris
by NIAURICE- GROSSER
18 ? Theatre
by IIA1IOLD CLUBMAN
19 ? Films
by ROBERT IIATCII
20 ? The Road You Look For (poem)
by MARION LINEAWEAVER
Crossword Puzzle (opp. 20)
by 1`RANIL W. L'E\1'IS
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!IIIIIIIIII!IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllp
George G. Kirsteiii, Publisher
Carey hleWilliams, Editor
Victor IT. Bernstein, Managing Editor
Robert Ilatch, Books and the, Arts
Harold Clurnian, Theatre
Aiaurice Grosser, Art
M. L. Rosenthal, Poetry
Lester Trimble, Music
Ali' audee Werth, European
Correspondent
Marry Simou, Advertising Manager
The Nation, Jan. 7, 1961. Vol, 19'A, No. I
The Nation published weekly (except for omis-
sion of four sunnier Issues) by The Nation
Company and copyright 1961, in the U.S.A. by
the Nation Associates, Inc., 333 Sixth Avenue,
New York 14, N. Y. Second class postage paid
at New York, N. Y. Tel: CH 2-8400.
Subscription Prico Domestic-One year $6, Two
years $14, Three Years $20. Additional postage
per year. Foreign $1.
Change or Address: Three weeks' notice is re-
quired for change of address, which cannot be
made without the old address as well as the new.
Information to Libraries: The Nation is indexed
In Readers Guide to Periodical Literature, Book
Review Digest; Index to Labor Articles, Public
Affairs, Information Service, Dramatic Index.
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.E\ ,rrkeFeral support is made ava"i(a7 to is an excellent way to focus natioral"w'play a more dynamic role in the fu-
the states will have a decisive impact attention on our major educational ture. I do not say this by way of
on state educational policy. This is needs. It illustrates the kind of ac- criticism of present or past commis-
not the only way, or necessarily the tion Mr. Kennedy could take to stim- sioners. Rather, my belief is that
best way, for the federal government ulate state action on key educational times have changed and that the U.S.
to influence education, but it does problems. Office of Education must reflect this
emphasize the fact that the federal Some of the most important prob- fact. It must be more than a fact-
government can play a key role in lems requiring national leadership gathering and fund-distributing
matters which are legally controlled will not require official Presidential agency. It must have the personnel
by the states. action, yet the President can play a and resources to identify basic edu-
Suppose that the federal govern- decisive role in resolving them. This cational problems, regardless of area,
ment begins to provide part of the is particularly true when it comes to to conduct research on these prob-
salary for 1,400,000 teachers. Sup- the issue of federal support for non- lems, and to mobilize whatever forces
pose further that a sizable number public schools, especially Catholic are needed to resolve them. I would
of states continue to tolerate obvious- parochial schools. The President's be the first to concede that USOE
ly inadequate requirements for a task here is not so much to say in does this now to some extent. Never-
teaching certificate. If the federal the first instance what should be the theless, it is. not an important source
government were to limit federal
funds to teachers who meet certain
requirements, the pressure in all
states to accept these requirements
would be irresistible.
The federal government should
make every effort to avoid a coercive
approach in its relations with the
states. Experience in other fields in-
dicates that much can be done to
achieve nation-wide improvements
in matters legally. controlled by the
states. But for this to happen, there
must be effective national leader-
ship, either in the federal govern-
ment or in professional organizations,
or both.
The Advisory Council of the Dem-
ocratic National Committee has pro-
posed that the President be required
to make an Annual Report on Educa-
tion to Congress which would be pre-
pared with the help of a Council of
Educational Advisers. Hearings on
it would be conducted by a joint
Gongressional Committee on ' the
President's Education Report. Here
limits of such aid. It is to get key
leaders together to resolve their dif-
ferences as much as possible.
The analogy here is to a strike
which threatens the national safety
or welfare. The prestige of the Presi-
dency is first used to bring the par-
ties together to work out an agree-
ment. The government may be
forced eventually to prescribe the
solution or to approve whatever
agreement is reached, but it should
do so only after making a strong
effort to get the major power blocs
to arrive at a consensus. As the fed-
eral government assumes a larger
share of school costs, controversies
relating to federal aid to non-public
schools will increase. Now is the time
to initiate fruitful informal discus-
sions among key leadership groups.
Otherwise, there is a danger that the
issues will become dangerously dis-
ruptive.
The preceding discussion was
based upon the belief that the U. S.
Office of Education can and must
of educational leadership at the pres-
ent time. One of the first tasks of
the Kennedy Administration will be
to remedy this situation.
Finally, the incoming Administra-
tion must realize the dimension of its
educational agenda. Its problem is
not merely to raise teachers' salaries,
but to change the institutional struc-
ture by which we decide how much
to pay teachers. It must recognize
that the main issue in certification is
not whether to add or delete a few
courses, but how to modernize the
certification structure over the coun-
try as a whole. In short, the basic
educational task of the Kennedy
Administration is to reform the de-
cision-making structure of education
at certain key points. If there isac-
ceptance of this concept, instead of
a sincere but misguided effort to
solve old problems within an out-
moded legal and administrative
framework, there will be no limits on
what President Kennedy can do in
this vital area.
UATEMALA'S SECRET AIRSTRIP .. by Don Dwiggins
HAS `I'111? T ti , ia,t,, Ul Bence
of a grant new airiasc in Guatemala
to supply anti-Castro forces with
a base of operations against Cuba?
To find the answer, I flew down
to Guatemala City before
Christ.m s_ in a deceptively serene
non-stop jet flight, five hours from
Los Angeles by Pan American's new
DC-S run. Toward the end of the
flight, one looks down from the win-
dow of the jet, past its raked wing,
upon a peaceful panorama of breath-
taking beauty that obscures the fc-
verish activity going on in the tropic
coastal jungles 30,000 feet below.
In the distance, one sees past the
Sierra Madres, beyond the Continen-
tal Divide, where warm Caribbean
waters meet Guatemala at Puerto
Barrios, presently a seaport of great
significance.
Pacific coastal fog obscured what
I was looking for - a secret jet air-
strip hacked from the jungles some-
where in the department of Ret-
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alhulcu, close to the Mexican border.
Later, when I questioned Guate-
malan government officials and U.S.
consular aides, I found that a cloud
still obscured the base. No one in an
official position would explain why
Guatemala, a country without a
single jet plane of its own, needs a
jet airstrip for military use.
I first `L Aniibassador
Jose h F cp Q: U.S 9zs de n ted
States oared any money to Guate-
mala to build a military base in this
country?"
"That question you must put to
Guatemalan officials," he told me.
I asked the same question of Jesus
Unda Murillo, Guatemalan Minister
of Foreign Affairs. "Just Cuban prop-
aganda," was his answer.
LATER I pressed the question upon
Guatemalan businessmen, journalists
and aviation people and got start-
lingly different answers. fredo Palmieri, a newsm in
A gua: "Yes,__
es, tie story is correct.
I"irs`'t r' voce the story here in Guate-
mala, about a month ago. But it will
be impossible to get to the base."
I From Palmieri, from a re
arrorne ruin rro
AMC ~Ftorm
er sources,1
th por `that first appeared in a
Nati 'al "Are We Training
Cu an e at on,
to t e e ectthat a military
ase actually exists behind the green
curtain of
All access to the airfield is cut off.
Guards carrying rifles are posted at
every approach road. ' The strip,
though its reported 8,000 feet length
would seem to be rather short for
handling jet fighter traffic, can never-
theless manage these planes because
it is at sea level.
The strip is built on land owned
by a prominent Guatemalan cattle-
man, Manuel Ralda. Actual construc-
tion is said to have been completed
in an eighty-day crash program dur-
ing the late summer of 1960, under
the worst possible climatic condi-
tions of oppressive heat and high
humidity.
As there is no airline traffic into
Retalhuleu, there is no question as
to the airstrip's purpose.
Guatemala's air force, it should be
noted here, consists of corroding war-
surplus Mustang fighters, AT-6
trainers and some war-weary twin-
engine bombers squatting like
wounded birds at Guatemala City's
La Aurora Airport.
NOT LONG a o, Dr. Ronald Hilton,
director of t ~e ns itut o ispanic-
American Studies at Stanford Uni-
versity, returned from Guatemala
with evidence that the country is
swarming ' with anti-Castro exiles
planning an invasion of the Isle of
Pines, off Cuba. [The Nation broke
the Retalhulett ?_fy_,Qn._,in cna iori is
rece
re- re, Dr.Mlliltoi- n, they--hope
to set up a Formosa-type govern-
ment to act as a rally point for foes
of Cuba's dictator. Coordinated with
this planned invasion, he predicted,
will be a build-up of forces at Guate-
mala's Puerto Barrios, which will
serve as a
maneuver.
staging
While he did not e s ;she
end the Ret I eat?base,
r. i t rd t ere as been so
to out it that President
Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes attempted
to explain the whole thing on tele-
vision." Guatemala, Dr. Hilton point-
ed out, is close to bankruptcy, and
thus not in a position to have provid-
ed the $1,000,000 which the Retal-
huleu base must have cost.
Aside from the mystery of who
paid for the field is the question of
why it is there and what use will be
made of it. One report indicates that
Retalhulett is a training base for
both air and ground operations of a
growing army of volunteers from
member states of the Organization of
American States. Other reports iden-
tify the airstrip as one of a growing
network of military bases from which
a coordinated attack could easily be
launched against Cuba.
one itinerant of to me.thai there
^
or members of a newly
formed Caribbean Legion of fliers of
fortune. These fly-for-hire airmen, he
said, are secretly bringing into the
Caribbean theatre a growing armada
of strange aircraft, from British
Vampire jet fighters to World War
II B-25s and P-51s.
'pp
"astx to rggingg
ow turned anti- astro, tells
of a fantastic air-raid operation
scheduled for some time early in
1961. '
"They are offering $25,000 for
pilots to fly on this mission," he said.
Who are "they"?
"They're high up in the govern-
ment," he replied.
According to his story, six A-20s,
armed with 600-pound bombs, their
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fields in Los Angeles, Miami, Haiti propaganda messages of Miguel his own airmen a out as muc
and Venezuela. The plan is for them Angel Quevado, exiled former editor trusts Castro.
to streak in low over the water, boom of Cuba's Bohemia magazine. Home But it is in Guatemala, biggest of
over the Cuban coastline at 4 A.M. of a U. S. Weather Bureau hurricane the Central American countries,
one morning, and bomb Castro's oil- tracking station, Swan Island is ac- where things are most tense. There
storage tanks. tually owned by a Boston business- exiled Cubans are reported to be
True or not, the story has a. not man, Sumner Smith, descendant of seeking a leader to rally the scatter-
implausible ring. Anti-Castro planes Capt. Alonzo Adams, who settled ed opposition to Castro 's regime.
actually have pulled off such raids- there in 1893. ' The late Col. Carlos Castillo Ar-
but with pamphlets, not bombs. They Castro today is being slowly ring- mas invaded Guatemala in 1954 and
returned to secret bases-some say ed by a tightening noose as the old overthrew its Left government, be-
to Retalhuleu, some say to Kingston, Caribbean Legion of tramp air pilots came President and later was assas-
Jamaica. is revitalized. In Nicaragua, Presi- sinated by a palace guard. Yet to ap-
e ?1 ., P, nn (1n1 C'.a ct71ln
ca
p7 o wartm0 or I
fore taking off, are scattered on today broadcasts the anti-Castro the United States-Somoza trusts
b has he
sh ldvzrices ~c- Caribbean a powerful radio station are mainly from Japan, Germany and
I n f
Lessons of - the British Peace Drive.. by Stephen Hugh-Jones
Manchester, England
ON GOOD FRIDAY, 1958, more
out of curosity than conviction, I
joined the 4,000 people leaving Lon-
don on the first march organized by
the Campaign for Nuclear Disarma-
ment (CND) to-the British Atomic
Weapons Research Establishment at
Aldermaston. After fifteen miles and
a morning of the sneers and smears
of the British press, there were 600
-and I was a member of the CND.
A year later, 4,000 marchers left
Aldermaston and the final rally in
London was 15,000 strong. By now
the editorial writers' ridicule had
changed to a pitying respect: our
motives, of course, were fine, and
our proposals, of course, ill thought
out and impractical. Last April, 40,-
000 marchers joined a crowd as large
in Trafalgar Square to make the
greatest political demonstration seen
in Britain since the war; and in Oc-
tober their policy became (in theory)
that of Britain's second largest party.
Respect turned to real fear.
What has this old history to do
with you as an American? Senator
Kennedy's victory offers opportu-
nities for peace that we have not
known since 1946. But it is crucial
how the ambiguities in his program
are defined: that America strong and
renewed should not mean two rock-
STEPHEN HUGH-JONES is on the
staff of the Manchester Guardian.
ets where one grew before, that the
appointment of ambassadors who
know what continent they are in not
imply just more efficient propaganda.
The choice is between trying to win
the cold war, and trying to end it.
The politics of the cold war still
rules the European Left, but there
are signs of revolt. The unilateralists
have-for a time, at least-captured
the British Labour Party. In France,
Mollet's "Socialists" have been fac-
ing, since April, the genuine Parti
Socialiste Unifie. The German Social
Democrats, who two years ago, with
the trade unions, launched an inef-
fective campaign "Gegen den Atom-
tod" ("Against Atom Deaths") have
since moved rapidly Right, especially
after the Summit failure. But they
are in conflict with many of their
student adherents (the Dutch So-
cialists are in a similar position). In
Denmark, where the Social Demo-
crats are in power, a new neutralist
Socialist Party won eleven seats in
the recent elections.
All these are minority movements.
In Britain, opinion polls suggest we
have about one-fifth support. In
France and Germany, the movements
are almost trivial. But our British
experience has shown the potentiality
of even the tiniest group. What is
missing from this concert of minori-
ties is the voice of the United States.
Those few Europeans who have
heard of SANE are inclined to wish
unkindly that it were sometimes just
a little loony. American radicals can-.
not capture either major party. But
they could create a force which would
influence opinion during the vital
first year of the Kennedy regime.
For such a task the experience and
mistakes of the British CND may
have lessons.
THE CND came formally into ex-
istence in January, 1958, at a meet-
ing in London. Bertrand Russell was
elected president, and the chairman
was John Collins, a canon of St.
Paul's Cathedral. But for its origins
one must go back at least to early
1957, when it was announced that
Britain was shortly to test its first
H-bomb. The test was successfully
carried out near Christmas Island in
the Pacific on May 15.
There was an immediate reaction.
For many British people-perhaps
a majority-it was a happy event.
Confused and humiliated by the
fiasco of Suez, now they could hold
up their heads. Britain was Great
again. But among others, particu-
larly the students, who were already
urging postponement of tests, the
reaction was sharp and hostile.
It is necessary to say something
about the students, who played so
large a part in subsequent events.
Except for a brief flowering of Marx-
ism in the thirties, British students
had never shared the European tra-
4
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/04: CIA-RDP85-00664R000200020008-0 ion of dCs until 1956rltheire prneilt,in
d
y y~ g 11po .,!
astoni most notable oheSomes'Communistsawerer there Anew seriessisrrnowto der way
> .
participation was helping to break but not in significant numbers. Mer- The other typical element in my
th 1926 general strike. But the cifully, the CP was opposed to British adherence was that it was primarily
British invasion of Egypt in 1956 unilateralism until it decided to leap emotional. Those of my age and
shacked them into life. Almost every on the bandwagon a year ago. younger had spent our entire lives
university saw liberal and left-wing The march was an unexpected in the shadow of actual or impend-
student demonstrations against the success, even with the general pub- ing war. I happened to believe there
governmen:. (Simultaneously, the lic. As it plodded on its second day are sound practical reasons for
Left was intellectually invigorated through appalling weather, the re- Britain to quit the arms race; but
by the inflow of Marxists, released porters were gradually convinced what basically stirred me was a feel-
at last by Hungary from the crip- that we must be more than just a ing of profound solidarity with those
piing discipline and double-think of bunch of weirdies. They also found who were actually trying to do
the still Stalinist British Commu- our appearance more normal that something about it. The CND has
nist Party.) day, not perhaps realizing that in always played, with tremendous suc-
It was these forces (then, and still, plastic macintoshes all men are cess, on young people's horror of
it 'should he said, probably under brothers, The final rally of 7,(00 out- war and the sheer immorality of nu-
one-third of our university popula- side the atomic-weapons establish- clear weapons. Far more supporters
tion) which provided the backbone ment was only marred when one of have joined it for this than any
of resistance. Some elements in the our opponents untactfully chose to other reason.
churches also spoke, notably among harangue "Khrushchev's bunnies" It has been correspondingly weak
Quakers arid Methodists. But the from a Mercedes-Benz, and had his on practical politics. The road to Al-
Anglican Bishop of Manchester loudspeaker less non-violently treat- dermaston was littered with British
within weeks of the test was urging ed than it should have. been. The "moral gestures" and hardly a r7pen-
unilateral British renunciation of the press went happily back to its old tion of crude words like negotiation
bomb-the first formulation of this ways. or power. Even now some of its
demand that I know of. One need not detail the further propagandists talk as if Britain had
The opposition was at first dis- progress of the campaign. The es- only to give a lead and the neutral
organized. The idea of a student sentials of its success, and difficul- nations (Nasser's Egypt?), recog-
initiative in politics was still un- ties, were all present in the first Al- nizing our moral stature, will rally
familiar. Bat in September, 4,000 dermaston. I mention my own behind us.
people demonstrated against the experience precisely because it was Its claimed lack of standpoint in
bomb. In :he following months a insignificant, and typical. The CND internal politics has helped it great-
group of liberal intellectuals set has always been a curiosity among ly. Cynical references to politicians
themselves to lead the fight. The political movements, one in which of any party have always met an
first meetings in universities were the rank and file count for more than immediate response from the num-
held, and the campaign was born on the leadership. With the exception bers of young people who genuinely
the straightforward issue that Britain of Canon Collins and some of the regard the lot of them as a gang of
give up the bomb. organizing officials, any one of its tired old men, each as bad as the
In February, 1958, 5,000 attended national names (and they include other. The campaign has united Lib-
its first public meetings held simul- several Labour MPs) could vanish erals, Socialists, religious groups,
taneously in three London halls (un- with barely a ripple. pacifists and the non-party in a way
reported by The Times for motives A curious decision less than two that would otherwise have been im-
unknown but widely imputed). In months after the first march sug- possible.
March, the Russians announced sus- gested that the leaders, who could
pension of tests. In April came the fairly be described as members of BUT THIS policy carries the seeds
first Aldermaston march. the liberal "Establishment," (lid not of weakness. To a minority of sup-
realize the nature of the forces they porters it is ludicrous. On the simplest
THE CHARAC'TER of the cam- had unleashed. They determined level, they argue, the Labour Party
paign was apparent from the outset. henceforth to Jay less stress on public is the only possible agent of British
Trafalgar Square before the march demonstrations and concentrate on Unilateralism. More deeply, aban-
was very largely young, mildly beat- the politically important sections of donment of the bomb implies a radi-
nik in appearance and mostly middle- the community, "the slow persua- cal change in foreign policies: in
class. Amon,; them were a number sion of those who make opinion." short, a Socialist policy, which in
of notable young and leftish intellec- This hangover from the elite view turn implies government by a So-
tuals such as Kenneth Tynan, the of politics was in fact never carried cialist party, which the Labour Par-
critic, and John Osborne. All shades out. Since that date the CND has, ty, in-their terms, is, not.
of radical opinion were represented. been carried forward by a program The non-political and the extreme
There were even a few Conserva- of marches, demonstrations and in- Left have thus found themselves in
tives. The campaign has always in- numerable public meetings. Also, and partnership. A "direct action com-
sisted that it is non-political and with great success, by referenda in mittee" split off two years ago. It
slogans such as "Ban the bomb, sack universities, which revealed, very advocated (quite ineffectually, as a
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- s_?wr w
by-election showed) a "voters' veto"
on non-unilateralist candidates. Lat-
terly it has concentrated on peaceful
obstruction, and earned some stiff
prison sentences. For quite different
reasons, an allied policy of industrial
action against the bomb has been
promoted (again without success) by
the Socialist Labour League, a small,
authoritarian, Trotskyite fraction
ideologically linked to the American
Socialist Workers Party.
This autumn Lord Russell resign-
ed the presidency of CND after a
well-publicized row over his plans
(now going ahead) for widespread
civil disobedience. The orthodox
CND, almost readier. for the bomb
than the barricades, considers all
these methods would only lose pub-
lic support.
ONLY in the last year has the cam-
paign forced itself (rather, been
forced by its younger members) to ac-
cept the logic of its position and ad-
vocate neutralism, barely disguised,
as a condition (which could only
be refused) for staying in NATO.
It had earlier urged removal of
U.S. bases here, but its policy of uni-
lateralism tout court had found some
unexpected allies: The Times, argu-
ing for more conventional troops, in
February,, 1959, declared that "a
threat of suicide is not a defense
policy"; a former Conservative min-
ister asked pointedly whether we
could afford our own bomb; and gen-
erals, had been moving in the same
direction. This was roughly the at-
titude of the Liberal Party, and even
the official leadership of the Labour
Party brought themselves to accept
it early last summer.
But neutralism was quite another
thing. Its acceptance has coincided
with a fall in popular support: the
Gallup Poll, crediting straight uni-
lateralism with 33 per cent support
before the Summit, 27 per cent in
June, gave it only 21 per cent in
September, when it was at last be-
coming clear to the public what the
battle was now about. The CND has
largely itself to blame: its inordinate
delay in explaining just what neu-
tralism implies has enabled its op-
ponents to install their version in
the public mind.
This policy nevertheless was car-
ried by a small majority at last Oc-
tober's Labour Party conference.
This was the culmination of two
years' retreat under pressure by the
party executive. Starting with a de-
fense policy imperceptibly different
from that of the government, they
had cone to propose a purely con-
ventional British contribution to
NATO, coupled with strong political
control. But on the principle of col-
lective security they dug in their
heels, and lost.
THIS FAMOUS victory may well
prove illusory. It was not based on
a surge of mass working-class sup-
port, but on the obscure mechanisms
of trade-union voting: and it will
very possibly be reversed by the
same means. Significantly, the mil-
lion-odd votes representing the La-
bour Party's local branches, which
had been heavily unilateral in 1958
(the last previous vote) are be-
lieved to have swung the other way.
Gaitskell, backed by most of the La-
bour MPs, has set himself the task
of salvation, and on present form
will come close to smashing his party
in achieving it.
Personally, I suspect that this vic-
tory, of which both sides have made
so much, will turn out to have been
relatively insignificant (for the cam-
paign, not the party). The very zeal
with which the Right has sought
to discredit it can only help to dis-
credit any reversal, proving (what
we all knew in private) that power
is something different from amass-
ing hypothetical votes. The CND,
without the slightest help from the
party machine, had won considerable
support among the rank and file,
in the unions and from about one-
fifth of its MPs. This, the crucial
process, may have been halted for a
time by the open espousal of neu-
tralism. To the Socialist groups in
the campaign, this is a necessary
set-back. In the long term, a coali-
tion based on lack of clarity and
united only on a single, undeveloped,
demand must prove weaker (being
easily fragmented and potentially ir-
relevant) than one grouped about
a broad but coherent political phi-
losophy.
HOW DOES all this relate to the
American scene? The political con-
ditions, still more the political mech-
anisms, are obviously not even ap
proximately parallel: in particular,
an American peace movement can-
not hope for labor support. But these
are not the determining factors.. In
the things that matter, your condi-
tions, I suggest, are much more akin
to ours, and not so much less favor-
able than they might seem.
You will face a hostile press and
the opposition of the vast majority,
of-politicians. So did we: the Con-
servatives have always totally op-
posed the CND, Labour leaders have
done their best to sabotage it, the
Liberals at first gave elements of
its policy lukewarm support and even
that has been withdrawn. We have
our fifty-odd Labour members: you
have the tiny nucleus that formed
the "Liberal Project." Except for a
brief period of support from one La-
hour paper, every national newspaper
has opposed us editorially: with
honorable exceptions, their news re-
porting has ranged from bias to sheer
irresponsibility. Whatever its faults,
your press is at least theoretically
dedicated, as ours is not, to the sep-
aration of fact from comment.
Two advantages you lack. We
were lucky enough to be opposed by
the Communist Party, in a country
anyway less given to McCarthyism.
The other, which does no credit to
us, or to the Pentagon rocket-rattlers
who feed it, is a strong latent anti-
Americanism.
But the decisive elements of our
situation exist in yours. They were
these: the mood created by the shock
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of Suez, and the active support of
the student:..
The first Sputniks acted for you
as a remarkable parallel to Suez,
evoking the dual response, the sim-
ple "Let's catch up" and the critical
"Why did it happen?" Suddenly you
have seen it become respectable, even
fashionable, to question America's
assumptions: where are you going, or
should you be, in what your great-
ness lies, what you should count as
success. It should be possible to car-
ry this discontent well beyond the
cautious frontiers of men like Ken-
nedy or even Stevenson, Galbraith
or Chester .Bowles.
Your students, too, have learned
in the last year precisely, what we
learned from Suez. The lesson of the
sit-ins, the picketing of stores, the
campus cooperation was not just that
young people can be liberal on race:
it is that they can lead, they can
organize, they can act and win. And
reports suggest that the connection
between the fight against racism
and the fight for peace is already
being made.
What should the objective of an
American peace movement be? Our
experience suggests it should be radi-
cally in advance of existing opinion,
and make real demands: a move-
ment which will go to the barricades
for, say, the renewal of Summit talks
can be made to look pretty silly, as
we learned in April. Equally, how-
ever advanced, it must not be in
principle repugnant to the plain
man's common sense. The British de-
terrent was only a threat of suicide.
Yours is in addition an undeniably
effective threat of murder. Would
CIA-RDP85-00664R000200020008-0
any 6ut pacifists support unila#er"
disarmament by the United States?
Even the moral-minded CND does
not advocate it.
Our experience again suggests ini-
tial demands simple enough to unite
many strands of opinion. But what-
ever they are, you should not be
afraid to do what the various So-
cialist groups such as the "New
Left" in the CND have attempted-
to draw out their full implications.
You may lose popular support: you
run the risk, already grave for the
CND, of the movement's becoming
a battleground of sects. But unless
you are ready to link the fight for
peace to a comprehensive critique,
I suspect that in ten years' time
what are now your young enthu-
siasts will be wondering vaguely what
on earth it was all about.
Death Knell of `Algerie francaise' . by Alexander Werth
Paris
THIS YEAR even Christmas failed
to make people forget about Algeria.
In the last fortnight, there has been
a 15-20 per cent rise in the sale of
most newspapers, something that
has not happened since the dramatic
days of May, 1958, when the Al-
giers revolt brought de Gaulle back
to power.
There is a feeling now that events
are moving fast, that the whole situ-
ation has changed radically since the
Moslem demonstrations in Algiers,
Oran and 3one last month, in the
course of which at least 200 Moslems
were killed (mostly by fanatic Eu-
ropean civilians;). There was an in-
itial tendency to blame de Gaulle
for what had happened. Had he not
been warned that his visit to Al-
geria would provoke violence on the
part of the Europeans? But what
had been least expected was that it
would produce violence from the
terrorized, "tame" Moslems of the
Algiers Ca.sbah who, in May of
1958, had obediently cried "Algerie
francaise!" and other integration
slogans. Who would have thought
that these "cowed" people would
come out by the thousands, shout
can be achieved in Algeria without
the FLN."
But, of course, what the Algerians
will do on January 8, and how de
Gaulle will react afterwards, are still
the big question marks in the situa-
tion.
ifig ' the slogans of, the FLN, the
Algerian Nationalists?
Now people are saying that de
Gaulle's visit, despite the terrible
human losses involved, at least has
clarified the situation. These Mos-
lem demonstrations have sounded
the death knell of "French Algeria"
for good and all.
Nobody thinks any longer of Al-
gerian self-determination in terms of
years. A high official who is close to
de Gaulle told me the other day:
"This time the General is in a hurry;
he is not going to stand any non-
sense from anyone. When the French
authorities in Algiers send over 600
Europeans - not Moslems but Eu-
ropeans-to internment camps since
December 11, it means that things
have changed radically." Then he
added, less' convincingly: "You will
see that, immediately after the ref-
erendum of January 8, the talks
with the FLN will be resumed. De
ALEXANDER WERTIH, author of Gaulle is quite aware of the fact that
several books on France, is The Na- the whole Algerian Moslem popula-
tion's Eurciean correspondent. tion is pro-FLN, and that nothing
WHAT IS certain, however, is that
de Gaulle's position is stronger to-
day than it was two months ago. In
October, a well-known left-wing ed-
itorial writer noted: "De Gaulle al-
most belongs to the past." This is
no longer true. The danger of a mil-
itary putsch in Algeria is much smal-
ler than it was then; the General no
longer seems afraid of an "Algerie
francaise" revolt led by Marshal
Juin, General Salan, or those civilian
"ultras," Ortiz and Lagaillarde. More
important, except for a few highly
suspect paratroop units, the French
Army in Algeria no longer appears
to be the independent political force
it was even a year ago. Even among
those French career officers whose
personal sympathies are with the
"ultras" there is a growing realiza-
tion that the "ultras" are on the los-
ing side. Significantly, too, the of-
ficers in Algeria have been increas-
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STAT
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~'.'ce frrraas.
Fair Play
No. 7 December 2, 1960 .4w r'{ New yak
O+ishing Up tine diye Stisk;
r -t fear step Toward U. S. Irit merit on i n. Cuba
ay ?de. nation, wea.sudOaeely found ourselves conansitted
r.th to a militsry adventure of app ling reek-
in Central America-skirting what C. Wright
of Coiumbia tlniv ity calls, in all seriousness,
per is of disastrous raEistakes.,' (See Page 3)
.kin t time out from the inevitable golf at Augwstaa
; , . President Eisenhower ordered an aircraft carrierr.
r,_! Y destroyer squadron to Central American woteM
:rbstructions to halt-if need be to sink-any craft
? rah; men or materials of war to Guatemala tr
c?retext : a flacew of popular uiaurrection kn..
t i? *e hnnsna and coffee repvcs, and with it ,they
'
iovaasore
< nt rcly imaginary "t of a "Co esurtuniat'
t r earn revolutionary Csltb,*-nor elsewhere.
rise President merely said 'abroad." VAite House
.Y , re?tary 'claarifed: "Abroad could mean Cuba or ^ny.
other place abroad.")
TFee real object of the al w of strength appeared to
1w (t) to intimidate the Oustemalan and Nicaraguan
in,urrectos and any dot ' restless Latin Aineri'cai$,
,A t t ie propping up the pillars of U.III.-a! y?le democracy,
Guatemala's General ''digoraaae,d,the 9omoaa brothenc
01
# (4 the Organiiat of willow.
The logic involved is apparently fee tho' effect that
f Cuba can be braieded. as an aggressor in Latin
America, no one will teed any tiers on her behalf when
tta,= Marines storm saborsi-or a UN? "polic." force, as
tike' case may be.
What Label Amerka " Thinks
Latin-,Americas, reaction, even in
t eve quarters, was about what Eiaarbower Ik" C
should have expected It to-be aewrON "that they were
at all in touch with .entlment. south of the border. But
tubs may, of course, be too ' grrua an assumption.
te?wspapers Me . Bo oti's sober */ Diernpp found
Ai'rra.,elvee "pr)f
disnturbied." . ~ieerro Carioca' in
un
put Its edi anger on the cause of cdncertsC
Tt!e.big danger ... is: that *4
r. zwedrnt ? that it will b i enough
last stronghold of the Gusto.
malan rebels; surrendered on Wednesday,'Nm,
16, and the same. day N caragua announced
ghat 'its revolt was ere ih ed. Why, then, the
flatrbq ant announcement. km Auguuwa the
following day? The election is aveair, li o is . the
revolt. Why, then, the morIhalling of a 33,010
ton aircraft carrier pod four destroyers, a nuge
armada against the mosquito bast fleets avail
able 10the. Carihb+srag,? Is this rsinlly 0 ty"yraert
for the more debngeroua '~! m of throwing I
bM a'1ear~elr- around Cuba? Hanson Baldwin in
T is New "Folk "aces low Suei+day (Nov. 20)
said it could be a precpdent for su" ?et,pn."? *
Tbae^e' is also some ground. tR3 fear that the
CIA may be preparing an ins assnn . qf, Cubst.
The Notion (Nov. 19) ss4 Dr. Ronale Hilton,
dirrector of -the Institrrte cif 'Hla treerucata'
Affairs at Stanford, waei told on' a rwi.~r nt vasrt
to Gu etemala that the CIA had * cquireed a
S l,OQQ,000 tract of land near tl' iu?lMeacoest tliaat
foresing asaikeet lt; to count on P04, decisive Nor-l'
Awe dcsn bit* rVeItlioa 00 0 without the opinion of the
The Uruguayan Mar ha tarrdeer1;oedd a fist which few
CCa &oiii d an Py. 2)
k pt{ to train C.ubap co ntsr-rre'volu-
r+a~ awr .O Ifltei y
nose correspondent 'Nov. 20
Ydigoras as destying"this re-
wt the heed area being wend
Ilni and-
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ea s, - it sin the tlt re : Anot Jt
Cornrnue r?,Irinr Pupa I
tf.nny U.S.. newspapers had the grace to admit: "Oen-
er,,l Eisenhower has ordered the Navy and Au Force `. .
to seek 0vt Ord impede any :ContmuMat cork on
Guatemala and Nicaragua.*** General Ydigor Fuen-'
teas and the Somoza brothers can rapt easy. Tb. Marines
are protecting their sleep.*** But in this episodes neither
the United States Goverrta .rwt rapt its friendly regimes
,have been &We to produce a ayflo oonrreto proof of
Castro iretaewdsolcn I* 'justify the peso '
By ' and largo, the ' U.lt, public seemed to view the
proceedings unperturbed. `ha only public ptetttssthe*
zd. ?
was in New Yorfr wheare.+x,b r.d 1?adrlsfgr ickets's
staged a tw*-haur "Hainds ' laetemssrbres~ioea aaa
'
,the United Nations. (Nov-. 26.) , ,
Just can tfs 'Hendee"
With h eac.1 shops, the preesai was true to
form, somehow managing to snsasat, is too" of sl.spy
aelf.satisfactiwa, that catiouiness to the of other
reoplas was. a (arm.'*( foewbswance r~uad that they
utght to be mad for our big brotherliness. To quote'
from 'Ifersweeia:
"--the U.S. he* evidently daititti d their the, tltlne had
come to flex' the Navy's muscles in ' public; pesscceabty
and within the nic.ties at atie pera l(2)---but
Wear,
atre n th"
Still w big, bullying ? bo sb, thai . is.
Nowhere ern . e erttmadess of the msss lsssdts or
the utter of Our !sides. .hies the obvious luestion
been raisedt wls Bans if the ship that' gads sunk
while were 5 our is ?lesatu u out to have been
We hope! that ~P esidsd.t lthpct .d*
ib
about that---bat, already tbs Is much to gage
such a. hope? intlerdfnrg his come~betion of 41A duief
Allan Llytleis~ thee ur nittpact of
What You ;Cwsa? Do
If Ke2nody, as pnesisdeant, does west from the egg-
sive, couh* charted by >lC,eoslsdy the plls'Ago tl.I car,
didate, it will.tdely be in r eeppWg toa daonwow eubl1c
opinion that dose 804 at the a Ie.. at, tsWst. `.
Fair Play has its .ark" CUt oak for It. We trove I odes
a start,' with cfeiapters now In molt of tb.
principal cities, and %roncbsis of the new Student C6oaae-
cis on more than forty cnfti e campuses But arjoaisa_
tinnal reports, pamphlets, and good intentions won't
do the job, .nor will an oticanipaW deenaossst rat on. What
is needed is 2aouessn ds of !!Albers to the Whittei Hsele.p, to
the newspapers, to 4:asa0lid m d, pta'blit protest meet-
ings from coast to coast that will salve notices that this
American people do not supponWashington's lit
Latin American Policy, -, # 16 ? . ,
To accomplish thus..--4* help pr.vent an "giant".
Montoe Uvod' tong '-qe
"For what does the_ national freedom s;
sovereign state mean if it does not mean t,,,at
it has ccc *l in its c+wn territory, over its
resources, ova. its own military torte? *
President Monroe was your President s:tx.ut
137 years ago. That is a' long time; what he as id
is not ex ae:tly esternaL'.Ho was net a C .ai7aai ,
anyway, nor a Hrszitiaa, a Mexican, a Chilean.
H. Were a? Yankeee Aral this Motroe DoctM?ne
with all the thieleps that have been aulded to it
awd the- biUptplaetd4tixaea.s it *d. of it, these are not
.doctrines btuxlt an any e a aLJtstion with bony
AY IC& It less bean a Yankee ,policy,
enforced militarily by the United. States Me-
dues, used 'ogonomical jr by the United State,
,corporatiana?a kt used pebtiesily by the U-a trd
Metiers. thswerssmnt-40-isrkertere in the internal
' isemMbmssal aRtseins: of Latin American
Aid MWOW-4rarn L+i te.s, 'aseltee, by C. Wright
_ ~ihlilfe. .
It is nlyr when pop- :lar ;rev'slt? breaks out
that the U.S. takes & .hand, and theca only to
mmg~d 01"m about the dtey,s of Cnenmunsm
* M' A 44* Oft, Ir a Oita , s a s
Is it,any WOUder *kaat (*r oi! is a here in Latin
America, and that we offear to be the main
QbsWlo to aspirptions ;tear a r.,ore decent life
below the baurder? Y'ualepe imperialispe, to our
shame, is not just a propaganda slogan in Cen-
trlsl America. It is a raw .y. 'i'cc 'recognise this,
and io swe blinding oiieetlves with nonsense
about Cub. plots, is the lutist essential to wiser
.politics acid batter r "ord .-1. P.. Stone-:r.
Weekly, Nov. 19.
tar for Gsrf+s
and 5efoadetstiit' Cowndl, urgently need
t moons contribiOli r s and menibenhi
If' you here alit $Nt joined the Committee, send tr,
m bit's aspltat *i cast! duos today.- If you
on already '0 =606w. Pee this along to someone who
about ? r Ptas. Help us to build an or.
pssisstion that case .atop that muscle-leasing in the
501940"D sad NV wt n2ftVit miscalculation that
oft m mean Curtains for us ,*m
UP TODAY1 SUPPORT FAIR PLAY FOR
qu"
GOUfQ. TO CR*A POX CHRISTMAS?
let y^erraa ayeMr,' ho" h ryf The clra i' sg date for.,et dp.fr'-
cation's for, Pase Ploy's Chrifatmat tour to Cuba is Lie-
csmber Iti. a11. YOU plan to of - now is the sir:nee to serd
In far eh wk and raee.rraAon, Details on Page 4.
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A.sr:a~t ire editor of Fcur Play had Ow plilil
r ,"a ? t tf rccompen`ying Columbia University
,,it C. Wright Mills (The Power Elltwa,, t M
or a tour of. Cuba, and watch , him in ftsa
.r tensivety interviewed the revolutions
rr, F tde E Castro on down.
he end product of
rhir.g if not through; ' in
16 on Collar, he Went so far ass :W i F
r: ladles' rooms cart b the tr iMrt l ~
i4
a bolddly ~vea 4
r
lrt is Mills' opft -aa4 he tMN Mr 1 t
ee poprilal+a wt ,Ww-' lyarnli AWMIlillft ~ a
No man w Wt* l 1"
wtr,t 1. think ol,.it S's in $
heeard in the V4 trrr i* it
ited States i", too , powerful, itasrtiltilitiss
not to be able tp?listati to eve 4*ke it the bGOO*
w'aai ld, t
tf we
do,, nowt $00L to tbamo
them ' welt, via . s tits p~IM1
w itf t?ie+ee, the. W*" ` a. ? ?.
S'Jazit of t$
made, -in our ns the
tl??tat^--ant with disc t oua' corset rtw everyrwb
States. Out 'perhaps it Us not too lito l19 Irr 'to
-and to P.
Mills
ma ices 00 "0400 of bwa&00460014"
.r. 4r)UTrrlnsrdc r~ l# P
t,, rarest rat, ras d Mid asst
t're voice of tl.a Cw i-aA` rvolt OWNY, the CtM6rn soda
t the: story,, whicfa tW U.S. preie 'l s sa lamentably
to
a view is proje to d is a sari" 41, ry let-
.,rs frcrn a sort of compote CU1610" The a it'st
tdisconcerting: "''ice Cubsns know brat you be(ecxas?
are tall aecl by a booth of C~ nzMOOit$, $*t the
ia,rs tire norm going to set up a 1411u o
rtrme` like that, a in Cut* aimO4a4y we
killed thorir+snds of pol 4 't 41hai 601 aft
rag it; -hat we have no democracy or freedom-,
+r.ri tls.tr ire baye no respect for privratar tty. Whet
s 'aeliewr 0boi t ,after all, is y Oq p tM ,rrrr,
air, comes acts` powrgrfully .ti
T' day the revolut is going a
? r,, ?---not next 4ear-4t .in go* t ''1
v, here, Aretnt'~rli n orr
,y tit because su i,h a it .
ng you must teaaft is
t Pa r f Cuba !tas never been vr:ry
y - as a tpWy. Yor- C" rA
pvtyr ( .. C.P P. tl rp*1l~ deputy directo,,
CAA).' at the end of 1950,j er ted 17,000
CrYMM unint P trti: nesnbecs in f ub& -Maybe so
;'r-+tg tali? inr xs
"lirlrt elution? ai
Owl
You;' +MaaM~1t+aw &txw;
w +i t won out over the
'"tftill rF~~~ numoment We
nrt 14. And ary
haX~ilit oil rev'- h'n n
11 ilr tteassr owl Oovernrirtextt
Oft Fern that `Pftt atwte there , her
ruse
sro1M~-''* v0ryo a else, help-
dMWt" Ir 611 ern. They 4 fn' . thl anyrevo-
lutlcrMa.
tlrit liar' the ~* uMrrt golly +with Car. C,ornmu-
fliit ties in i p.tin Ameer'dca. In a reel rc volu-
tio 00111141* In lw,tst1u Awls a,it leewt, tW local
0*0* a arrw to the riot of t lea ~revolutu n.
r + r They alwrsrs ;ai't'artw Llate sad with too
IYM lI~~ }bastes the It' i4 CW* and it still
In
t are"--
Opt 1,
TA C W rrf Wig,. McGraw
Nit d , " 0, (IDtart+rarraslale
l ~ p'+frtr ?lay, 79s , 9road-
~a~fY~ P{ I . ~ '_i
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and?
chat
Take Cuba
you are,
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/04: CIA-RDP85-00664R000200020008-0
ctr ch.. in `. Bands Off ` a ' Pr Wes1
Pt: I' ? F,141re's t hrisirtmas tour to Cuba has
(I'o ' J the a rt. n rAl Of F P and Studrrrl
hr:roo t"a' ?wontry (40 of the lattrar
r tv aunt wttekt, there have also lleen some
no* %vurthy activities,,,
dew 'orit, s from the
+;. a t F ,P chapter and supporting 'or'g*nisations put on
rs~ c +>ur demonstration Saturday before the United
t'r!:ai+;arati 1,eadquartesrs, in vigorous protest against the
a, natal bl(xknde established in the Caribbean to
i , I eff a mythical `invasion" from Cuba.
!'ht slogan of the derraons7tratiorx? was "Hands Off
(??rbaal" Arnoug others displayed on the picket line the
ne we ikeil best wras "Send Federal Troops to Louisi-
:pr;,+. Not to Cuba!" Security begins at home after all.
....,;: L,i orsy ;)f sOs'ta ees upited at Oft. College at The.
t ry ui Now York when Student 'Council organisers
,r>s set upu a speaking date on Thursday for Raul Roe,
r , Cuban miruster plerrtipotentiaty attached to the
t ;1t3;_?rl Mis:aiun to the. UN; A member of the faculty
r4hjeeted- and was quoted as having said that no 'un-
w'aav$i,rci` Cabana would get 'his permission to speak at
t'( NY The upshot !vas a protest from the -aroused
~ t u,, i,': tt 041y that brought an invitation from the. Stu*
Cr,vei nmert itself. instead of just one of the on.
:,;,gnus Clubs.
Mirhigan State f lAiveerssity's Prow r Satnu ), $hhe-
l 9ro, who had found hill aslf b hot **b* after writing
cs,ntroverai'al article Abort Cuba in the New Republic
+' '1 thought' this sort of thing only happened to Coca-
Our mail-bag has heen ivy with inquif?iev
concerning the Faqir Play C istmas-iin-Cube
tour Dec..23-jan. 2 (ten daytt, all expenses for
$100 from Miami, $220 from Net* York), and
the telephones at F-P headquarters in lrvtaahat-
tan have been riarir Consteutly.
Indications are that Cabman planet from
Miami will ha a r eel wk ?ass fusy' sad
'Student Cocant it members coasting In by air, bus,
train and private car from as, far away as Call-
fornia. Some students even plan to hitch-hike.
Chi.-ago is sending a plane-load to Miami by
special char or.. It is too rawly to know for sure,
bt.t chances are that 'the Itew Cork slight will
be sold out,
rrxa.rtists. I'm not a Cormtn: '; ['in a loyal A' . r ~-wc'
addressed a Fair P ley rnurin ; ruaeda} rii, ,' r ' ++,
land.
And in California, Sti head Use Protessut '.a..? 3,1r4+1,
was heard on Lv. with cu- Paull Swe .ze ~ 'cu-
authrr of Cuba; Anatomy of x Revafutr .ri pow+ r
ful defense of the Cuban Revolttiun,
On the Calendar of, rroming events-,
Author Carleton Beals (7'he Crime of (.trt?a :?s,+t
30-odd' others books) speaks Monday eveni+sg, le?c, ,
at the Community Church of New York, at ~> ;retin Y,
sponsored by the Women's International League for
Peace and Freedom. Subject: Is Latin-America Going
the Way of Cuba?" (Editor: "I hope so." Beale- "Me
too.") Heals also .has speaking dates Januiar ' 22 it
Phila+elelphia. and Mme in M;fth in Rst?ertrt W'so
Aft-Arperican reporter Will.)em Worthy :rr t Ne;x
York F-P chairman Richard Gibson speak W!-dne v.:lav
evening, Dec. 7, at the Royal Manor, 157th & baronial
way, in Manhattan, ?undet ft e sponeeships of the Upper
Manhattan Committee for Re, al,E4uelity.
I* F. Stone--who !has been l;arnitnrminj; itlic_,u'
let-up in the Boston area--epekiks there again: idt a. t': ac
Play meeting Saturday evening, Dec. 9.
C. Wright Mills, autt? c r of Lr ten, Yank s; r Got your
A.opy from Fair Parry Se , will be heart
ettowtroaat Wtr'lf1rC at 9::Itit a television
debate with Adolf Berle Jr., former 'under-3et et:ark
stdte for 'Latin-America Affairi Subject: Ctfi??.
LpW COST, ALL EXPENSE CHRISTMAS-
IN-CUBA TOUR. So if you ha,* not yet` sent
in your reservation, DO IT TC'DAYY
Just fill Out the coupon below and send it to.
FAIR PUAY 'TOUR
799 Qioedway
flew Aleirk 3, N. Y.
Maoss aisles _ reiorvation(s) for me on Frnrr
f lay's aN-eicpense Christma -in-Cukw tour.
L wish Ia fly fross... .i'gse,r York Miami
I will be Mood by the toil-- wing members
oi, mlr family;
This is by way of a reminder. We have to
ki.aow hcrw merry visitorst to, Wiper , so thilt
Havana can make aims, at beast two weeks
beforehand.
That. means that all reservatio , must be
paid in tedi,;'I' r tl oI ' I or mcn*
order-on or before December a 41
. DECEMBER ? IOth . IS 'OV LA$'T
CHANCE TO SIGN UP F?R FAIR PLAT'
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/04: CIA-RDP85-00664R000200020008-0TAT
Following is a copy of a Letter to the Editor from the Berkeley Daily STAT
Gazette, Friday, December 23, 1960, Berkeley, California,
Some time ago the Guatemalan newspaper'La Hora"published a
report about the acquisition and operation of a military training base
by the United States Central Intelligence Agency in the area around
Retahuleu near Guatemala City. The story indicated the purpose of
the base was to train troops for a projected invasion of Cuba.
Sometime later, the Guatemalan dictator, Miguel Ydigoras
Fuentes, admitted the existance of the base but refused to say anything
about it and clamped strict censorship on the Guatemalan newspapers
in so far as this matter was concerned.
On November 11 The Nation printed a story to the same effect and
quoted as its source the Director of the Institute of Hispanic American
Studies at Stanford University in Palo Alto, Dr. Ronald Hilton. Not
long after, the inspector general of the CIA (and second in command to
Allen Dulles), Lyman A. Kirkpatrick spoke before the San Francisco
Commonwealth Club. He was questioned from the floor on the report
by Dr. Hilton, and when asked if the story were true he admitted it by
saying, "It will be a black day if we are found out".
My concern for this matter stems from other related incidents
that have occurred during the last month. Dictator Ydigoras has
already expressed his desire to engage in a "Korea-type police action"
against Cuba and I am wondering how many of the members of our own
government are planning on the same thing. It would seem that if we
are to perhaps become involved in another war that the least that could
be expected would be that the American people have something to say
about it; and that the American newspapers assist the people in this by
printing the facts surrounding the issue. In this case it is significant
to note that the popular press of this country has almost completely
ignored this important story and I can only conclude that journalists
are purposely suppressing the story or else are sadly inefficient in
gathering the news.
In so far as I know, none of the Bay area newspapers have said
anything about the matter and this is the reason for this letter. I
predict it will not be printed.
Peter Van Schaack
1631 Dwight Way
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o Trai ee of GuatemaianCa
J?TEW YORK, Jan. 10 (UPI)
Informed sources today said
Cta's present invasion stare
resulted from a report given
mldo training camps in the ~ being trained by the Guate-
_ Yti. _ m~lo..o -
by a Cuban soldier-of-fortune
afCer a brief period in com-
me Minister Fidel Castro
he mercenary was identi-
fi as Guillermo Hernandez
Va. He was said to have en-
listed in a "Foreign 'Legion"
tr [ning in the Guatemalan
mountain hideouts for the
dtl purpose of repelling an
expected Cuban attack on
Guatemala and a "revenge"
Chr
was a recruit in one of the
mangy Helvetta farms flank-
ing ? Guatemala's "mystery"
alibi a at Retalhuleu, near the
Pae4c coast and in the moun-
tainskbordering Mexico. .
HYsought political asylum
in tie Mexican Embassy at
hn uant" with a gangster I [The New York Times dis-
successfully to cash a large time-`being he had no com-
check. rnent on the newspaper story.
From Hildalgo, he is sus- ["As everyone well knows,"
petted of having made his way White said, "the United States
to Mexico 'City, where he re- under the inter-American de-
ported to the Cuban Embassy fense system is helping prac.
on the size and strength of tically every Latin American
the "defensive-offensive" force, country excepting, of course,
vuni,ecnaia s rreslaent man-
uel Ydigoras Fuentes last No-
vember officially confirmed
the existence of secret training
camps in the mountains and
said at the time that there`
were "more than 20" such
camps.
Guatemalan and other forces
are being trained in comman-
do and guerilla warfare tac.
tics there to be able to defend
Guatemala from what it be-
lieves to be a continued threat
of invasion from Cuba, he
said. -
[The United States was re-
ported supplying Guatemala
with training personnel, ma-
terial and other assistance is
the preparation of commando-
type force for a possible clash
with Cuba,
scribal him as a "vulgar de-Lu. s. t'inance Reported
Las ..Aeen at Hidalgo the United States also helped
,k finance the construction of a
St4 sequently, Hernandez nearby airfield, where inten-
eso,ped" the embassy and sive daily air training is going
crossed the Guatemalan bor- on.
der Tito Mexico. He was last [In Washington, State De-
sighted at the border town of partment press officer Lincoln
'..IltTaIon vrh.ro h.. ...,,,..a. .._ r.., -
Cuba and the Doninican Re-
public. As to a report of
some specific base, I know ab-
solutely nothing about it," the
Associated Press reported.]
9 Cuban Diplomats
Seek Asylum in U. S..
United Press International
At least nine Cuban diplo-
mats have asked for asylum
in the United States rather
than return to Cuba after the
U. S,.~ break in diplomatic rela-
tiorfs with the Fidel Castro
regime.
State Department and im-
migration officials yesterday
said their applications are be-
ing considered.
The defecting Cubans asked
U. S. officials not to reveal
their names for fear of re-
prisals against their families
in Cul*i.
Immigration officials said
more applications are ex-
pected to come in during the
next few days.
The first nine held diplo-
matic jobs in some of the 15
Cuban consulates around the
country, none of them at the
Cuban Embassy in Washing-I
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GUATEMALA
Strip
mi lrt. the Mexican border, lies a
ne y paved, closely guarded air-
st WAe ut of plac e did the strip seem
assettled cattle ranches
ana plantations that Guatemalans
hawhispering about it for months.
Could it be the base for a cooperative
military operation against Fidel Castro?
Fortnight ago, poking around the country.
Angeles Mirror Aviation Editor Don
ry'reporting that it had been built
U.S. funds in a mysterious "crash"
ram and was..-capable of handling jet
ers.
,
about the sped of'the pro j~rct. -
gan in mid-August, when tW" -.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved
Corn. ni%'t an $5,ooo,ooo for earlier
road,constron, it paid cash this time.
Before the workers moved in, the Stand-
ard Fruit Co. (which used the previous
grass airstrip as a duster-plane base) and
a helicopter company were each abruptly
given eight hours to clear out. Stand-
ard Fruit's small' hangar was taken over
by the government--also for cash.
Within 25 days the runway and build-
ings were completed. When the job was
finished, the U.S. delivered eight surplus
13-26 light bombers to the Guatemalan
government. Last week five B-26s were
at the new strip, along with one C-54
four-engined transport and four C-46
contract ,t4_, build the air-
4irpo lding. Though the
Gua govern t usually looks for
easy and already owed Thompson
mando training on the plantations. but
denied that any Cubans were involved.
Combing the area at the time, investi-
gating reporters found that the facts sup-
ported Ydigoras: there was no trace of
any major Cuban force.
As for the source of construction finds,
Ydigoras said that they had been rkised
by subscription among local husine5smen..
But ranchers, packers and ship] xd
that any such ambitious fund drive was
news to them. On the subject of U.S.
participation, no official in Washington
had a word to say.
twin-engined Curtiss Commandos. The
strip will accommodate these ships, but
to say that it will handle jets was an
overstatement: it is only 6,ooo ft. long.
marginal for jets in Guatemala's hot
weather.
Off Limits. At brief dedication cere-
monies in late September, Guatemalan
President Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes an-
nounced that the strip had been built to
promote the export of bananas, meat and
shrimp. But the field was immediately
put off limits to all civil aircraft. Last
Oct. 14 a band of Ydigoras' opponents
complained in Congress that hundreds of
Cubans were being given commando
training by U.S. instructors at the air-
base and at several coffee plantations in
the area-including one owned by a close
friend of the President. As evidence, they
cited reports from a carpenter who had
worked on the airfield and a butcher who
was supposedly supplying one coffee plan-
tation with ro,ooo lbs. of meat a week.
Ydigoras quickly admitted that Guate-
malan troops were receiving special com-
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 STAT
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Next 2 Page(s) In Document Denied
Iq
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lWvssboz 19, 1960
TL41.1 Castrrs amly have a soteasdsrr basis tar his nsprree td fare of s
9. $.-fiiarnersd "9u0taemslar-type!"" Luv*.tou than most of us realizaa. a a
Vacant visit to Guatemala, Dr. & =old Siltoe, Director of the laastttute
of -atMesardataere $tudiss at ttaaaford University, was toldi
1. The United States Central I dtelltgeesee Agency has r.cqutr* t
a lsehe tract of 1asd, at as outlay in ezec s of $1,000,000, w'h',ctt is
stoutly fenced end heavily guarded. Dr. Hilton was Wormed that it is
"common knowledge" La Guatemala that the tract is lasing used its 4 traini
gromad for Cuban couater-r.wluttonerries who art preparing for en avantual
landing In Cuba. It was alao said that U. S. persommel and salu prsat
we bet" used at the base. The caaf is said to be locates"! ins tatabuleu,
lecrlsAr*m Guatemala City and the coast.
2. fubetaaatLally all of the above was reported by a w*1l-xrwvn
tiralrtsarlas'asurrnaltat, CLaa- to linsToguis Rajas, is La Hoare, a a uatwmalsa
erwspof.r of wbish be is the 4Lr.ctoi. Xis article appeared in wtotatt n,
it is said. Of a Gaverae ont prohibit Lsrac against say public d t v, s s iam of
the matter.
3. lior. raretly, the lresidect of Guatalansla, forced to take
coSoL use!. of the persistent reports concerning the bass, went on TV
a admitted is existeocs, but r*fP1sssd to discuss its purpose car mi
at r is about t.
The Lanericen press -- even media with accredited correspoaca ets m
the sage ..- has alpaca tly rrora - Imod uaeerare of the public comme t t , t=M aw
swwbjasst hoe aac066" is GoatrwLa. Rot even President Yadtgoras" TV
starltawet tb a &" **& bias a it tS has been resort and i the lft St e
as fa: ae we been. We ourselves, of course, perstend to she firethmW
of the fact.; ssse.rtbsl.ss. we feel an obligation to tring the
t mi,, .et to public attention. if Wssbinton is ignorant of the sxistcereas
at the bee.? ear, lsrsearism that it twists. Is W102 two innocent of
#srr-slVsessaet in it, than surety the appropriate authorities will vat to
aeateb all iawlldiaus rumors and issue a full statasrwt of the real facts
ft the other head, if the reports as heard by or. mitten are tr'ut, than
Peblts pressure sairsuld be brought to beer sr, foe the Admiaistratism, to
this dang.l us and hair-emend psoje:t.
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/04: CIA-RDP85-00664R000200020008-0
"NOM is a aecarcd moon why we boltir the r4par .s
diary +?a n* dad slhr 44, be c kad Immediately by 411 U. S.
40rapaadaato tt ratawsla.
Maass 4i1*? 114t. 1iltM L*geams us tMt be will pw#liai- *&dit is l
4s*at1s of hU ftMdUW La OrtsrN]Ya Is the Mewaias iaatl/m of COO
1 *a tm. wwrtcaw tavtw, poblta ad bry the Isstitwta of wWk as is tba
d ss.tamr. ms seaway the ts+wtt a r, the butter f all asaca d .-
tbs 1l .tad itstws, witiak UM s'tarsi accused i tfa C wr, wtw a,s*Wt taarr
eat as tomisma urea! s am ttr Mrastawwlaa~a, wlr * to be mat Late
$ Part I4SS$ %uWn1 wt of bats "k1 ft.
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 vfI STAT
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1,7
ent, I categorically deny this
After discussing the possi-
ble overthrow of dictator Cas-
tro's government, Mr. Meyer
makes an unwarranted state-
merit to the effect that "An
army estimated at several
Lt'1ousand is presently training
apt a clandestine camp in Gua-
temala."
`-Karl E. Meyer's article "Ex-
~iles Unite in Drive to Oust
.Castro," which appeared in
1
your March 22 edition.
government has immediately
requested the Cuban refugees
concerned to leave the coun-
`'ter of the Organization of
American States and the Char-
-ter of the United Nations.
CARLOS URRVTIA-
APARICIO,
'rlAl right of self-defense, rec-
throw it by force. Nobody. can
deny Guatemala the immemo-
w -ich are determined to over-
rl fend itself from extracon-
ge g
f defensive reasons alone.
LTre present democratic and
t V.
It is our own army which is
ttin military training but
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