TERRORISM REVIEW

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 28
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 5, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 23, 1983
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Directo. ate of
n
MASTER WILE COPY
DO NOT GIVE BUT
OR MARK ON
Terrorism
Review
Seeret
GI TR 83-013
23 June 1983
copy473
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Secret
Review
Perspective-State-Supported Terrorism: A Growing Problem
(OGI)
3 Highlights
5 French Antilles:
Terrorist Bombings
(ALA)
7 West Germany:
The Threat to US
Munitions Transports
(OGI)
9 Radical Armenian Groups Form
New Political Organization
(OGI)
11 Terrorist Attacks
Against Diplomats:
A. Statistical Overview
(OGI)
13 Special Analysis-Rightist Terrorism in France
(EURA)
19 Chronology
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Comments and queries regarding this publication may be directed to the Deputy
Director, Instability and Insurgency Center, Office' of Global Issues, telephone
Secret ii
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Review
Perspective State-Supported Terrorism: A Growing Problem
State support of international terrorism poses a substantial and growing threat to
US interests. While many states provide support for international terrorist
operations, a handful-including Syria, Iran, and Libya in the Middle East and
Cuba and Nicaragua in Central America-increasingly, support and encourage
terrorism as a significant instrument of state policy. These states train and support
terrorists, employ terrorist groups as surrogates in pursuit of national objectives,
and, with increasing frequency, use their own intelligence and military services to
conduct terrorist operations against regime opponents and adversary states.
Among the most blatant states is Syria, whose officials, surrogates, and agents
have been caught redhanded or have left evidence of involvement in numerous
terrorist operations during the past several years. From April 1980 through the
spring of 1983, Syria was responsible for at least 29 assassinations, bombings, and
attempted attacks. The Assad regime uses terrorism to help ensure its hold on
power and to strengthen Syrian regional influence. The Syrians have sought to
assassinate dissident Muslim Brotherhood members in Western Europe, to 25X1
intimidate neighboring states in the Middle East, and to undermine relatively
moderate elements in the Palestine Liberation Organization:
In light of its use of terrorism in the past, we believe growing Syrian influence
among anti-Arafat Palestinian factions is a worrisome development, which could
result in increased terrorism against moderate Palestinian and Arab interests and
possibly against US and Israeli interests. 25X1
Secret
GI TR 83-013
23 June 1983
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Libya has long provided training, financial, and weapons support to international
terrorists on a scale rarely matched by other state supporters. Like Syria, Libya
has periodically conducted campaigns of assassination to intimidate dissident
Libyans abroad and to retaliate against adversary states. We are aware of Libyan
assassinations of 11 dissidents and the wounding of several others, including one in
the United States, since 1980. As late as last fall,
Iran, a relative newcomer to state-supported terrorist activity, has rapidly sought
to establish relationships with groups in the Middle East who share Iranian
political or religious goals. We believe the Iranians are particularly involved with
Lebanese splinter Shia groups, in part through the offices of Syria, as well as with
coreligionists operating clandestinely in Iraq and the smaller Persian Gulf states.
We also have seen signs of an emerging Iranian-Syrian partnership with anti-
Arafat Palestinians; the Syrians provide encouragement, sanctuary, and supplies,
and the Iranians provide funding to sustain anti-Arafat activities.
In Central America, Cuba, and, increasingly, Nicaragua provide the material
support and-probably more important-the backbone for the heretofore relative-
ly inactive groups in Honduras to use terrorism to undermine US security
programs in the region. In 1982, Honduran terrorists conducted significant
hijacking and hostage-barricade operations to press the Honduran Government to
loosen ties with Washin ton.
The growth in state support for international terrorism presages enhanced
capabilities for terrorists that operate against US interests. States can provide
virtually unlimited supplies of finances, weapons, equipment, and know-how.
Moreover, states can offer terrorists the sanctuary and cover of their territory and
embassies abroad, as well as the use of their diplomatic pouching facilities, all of
which help terrorists elude the law. To the extent that state-supported terrorists
target US interests, the threat is magnified by the additional skills, resources, and
incentives that such sponsorship brings.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Secret
Highlights
RAF May Be Financially Strapped. Ransom money from the kidnaping of a
German industrialist by an RAF member in 1977 has surfaced in Bavaria. In light
of risks involved in circulating such registered bills, we believe their appearance
may indicate a deterioration in RAF finances. 25X1
US Munitions Trains Targeted in West Germany. A cache of Molotov cocktails
discovered on 28 April along the railroad tracks near Sulzfeld-Eppingen in Baden-
Wuerttemberg has been linked by German authorities to leftwing activities
intended to "stop the munitions transports." We believe this points to an incrracPd
threat directed against these trains. 25X1
Secret
GI TR 83-013
23 June 1983
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Significant Developments US Airliners Hijacked to Cuba. The hijacking of an Eastern Airlines flight on
15 June was the fourth instance in less than two months in which a lone hijacker-
in three cases a Cuban exile-has diverted a US airliner to Cuba. These incidents
have not been politically motivated, but continued successful hijackings enhance
the possibility of more serious incidents in the future.
Captured Americans Killed. The two Americans, two Britons, and two Austra-
lians kidnaped in Zimbabwe on 23 July 1982 were killed a day later, according to
Zimbabwean authorities interrogating one of the alleged kidnapers. Further
investigation is under way
Bombing Near US Marine Residence. On 14 June, unidentified terrorists
detonated a bomb under a US Marine Security Guard vehicle parked in front of
the detachment's quarters in Buenos Aires, Argentina, causing no injuries, but
extensive damage to the vehicle. Argentine authorities are conducting analysis of
forensic evidence from the scene. The attack coincided with the anniversary date
of the surrender of Argentine forces at Port Stanley to British troops.
Indiscriminate ASALA Attack. A terrorist killed two and wounded 23 others in a
grenade and machinegun attack at the bazaar in Istanbul on 16 June. A caller to
AFP in Paris claimed responsibility for the Armenian Secret Army for the
Liberation of Armenia (ASALA). This would be the first ASALA attack in
Turkey since last August at Ankara Airport. The Istanbul attack is, in our view,
retaliation for the Turkish execution of an ASALA terrorist captured during the
ASALA attack last August.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
25X1 ,
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Highlights
RAF May Be Financially Strapped. Ransom money from the kidnaping of a
German industrialist by an RAF member in 1977 has surfaced in Bavaria. In light
of risks involved in circulating such registered bills, we believe their appearance
may indicate a deterioration in RAF finances. 25X1
US Munitions Trains Targeted in West Germany. A cache of Molotov cocktails
discovered on 28 April along the railroad tracks near Sulzfeld-Eppingen in Baden-
Wuerttemberg has been linked by German authorities to leftwing activities
intended to "stop the munitions transports." We believe this points to an increacP1
threat directed against these trains. 25X1
Secret
GI TR 83-013
23 June 1983
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Secret
the possibility of more serious incidents in the future.
have not been politically motivated, but continued successful hijackings enhance
Significant Developments US Airliners Hijacked to Cuba. The hijacking of an Eastern Airlines flight on
15 June was the fourth instance in less than two months in which a lone hijacker-
in three cases a Cuban exile-has diverted a US airliner to Cuba. These incidents
Captured Americans Killed. The two Americans, two Britons, and two Austra-
lians kidnaped in Zimbabwe on 23 July 1982 were killed a day later, according to
Zimbabwean authorities interrogating one of the alleged kidnapers. Further
investigation is under way.
Bombing Near US Marine Residence. On 14 June, unidentified terrorists
detonated a bomb under a US Marine Security Guard vehicle parked in front of
the detachment's quarters in Buenos Aires, Argentina, causing no injuries, but
extensive damage to the vehicle. Argentine authorities are conducting analysis of
forensic evidence from the scene. The attack coincided with the anniversary date
of the surrender of Argentine forces at Port Stanley to British troops.
Indiscriminate ASALA Attack. A terrorist killed two and wounded 23 others in a
grenade and machinegun attack at the bazaar in Istanbul on 16 June. A caller to
AFP in Paris claimed responsibility for the Armenian Secret Army for the
Liberation of Armenia (ASALA). This would be the first ASALA attack in
Turkey since last August at Ankara Airport. The Istanbul attack is, in our view,
retaliation for the Turkish execution of an ASALA terrorist captured during the
ASALA attack last August.
Secret
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Secret
French Antilles:
Terrorist Bombings
A hitherto unknown proindependence group, the Rev-
olutionary Caribbean Alliance, has claimed responsi-
bility for a series of 17 coordinated terrorist bombings
in the French Caribbean departments of Martinique,
Guadeloupe, and French Guiana late last month. The
explosions killed one man, possibly a member of the
group, but otherwise caused only minor damage to
various government facilities. Alleged public state-
ments of the Alliance's objectives denounced French
domination of the territories and called for a broad-
based struggle for national liberation.
Local French officials believe that the explosives were
stolen from an arms depot in Guadeloupe last Febru-
ary. A considerable amount of this material remains
unaccounted for, leading both the US Consul and
local officials to expect further attacks.
work.
Although a number of terrorist bombings have oc-
curred since 1980, mostly on Guadeloupe, the recent
incidents mark the first apparently coordinated bomb-
ings in all three of the Caribbean departments. Ac-
cording to the US Consul, local French officials
believe the number of persons involved is small, but
are concerned by evidence suggesting that the attacks
are directed from Paris, which could imply the devel-
opment of a more sophisticated organizational net-
Secret
GI TR 83-013
23 June 1983
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Although heavily subsidized, the economies of all
three departments are underdeveloped and stag-
nant-leading to frustration and unrest, especially
among the many unemployed youths. In addition, the
economic disparities between the local black popula-
tion and the minority white French middle class have
sparked racial tensions and political agitation. Proba-
bly less than 10 percent of the population of the
overseas departments now supports autonomy, but if
Paris cannot find solutions to the economic problems
afflicting the area, radical proponents of separatism
will feed on the smoldering discontent.
25X1
25X1
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
West Germany: Recent Activities Against US Munitions Transports
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
West Germany:
The Threat to US
Munitions Transports
We concur with a recent US military assessment that
US munitions shipments in West Germany face in-
creasing harassment and possible terrorist actions
from radical leftwing groups.
against these trains.
On 28 April US Army personnel discovered a cache
of Molotov cocktails along the railroad tracks near
Sulzfeld-Eppingen in Baden-Wuerttemberg. Because
of the location, German authorities have speculated
that the bombs were to be used in an attack on a US
munitions train and have linked the cache to leftwing
activities intended to "stop the munitions transports."
Although there have been several incidents involving
US military trains since the spring of 1982 and some
have caused minor damage, we believe the Baden-
Wuerttemberg cache represents a potentially signifi-
cant increase in the intensity of the violence directed
The Bremen leftwing group Krieg dem Krieg (KDK-
War Against War) may be the most active in this
antimilitary activity. A US military report indicates
that the KDK has conducted extensive surveillance of
US munitions shipments from port to depot since at
least the spring of 1982. According to this report, the
group has discussed methods of train disruption,
including tampering with brake lines, tearing up
tracks, manipulating signal systems, and throwing
paint-filled bottles against the windshields of trains.
A broad spectrum of other groups, including antinu-
clear organizations, peace groups, and terrorist fringe
elements, is participating in the "stop the trains"
The range of these intelligence-collection and plan-
ning activities, the increase in the level of potential
violence represented by the Baden-Wuerttemberg ex-
plosives, and opposition to the impending INF deploy-
ment point to a building threat to US munitions
transports.
Secret
GI TR 83-013
23 June 1983
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Secret
Radical Armenian Groups
25X1
Form New Po
litical
Organization
25X1
25X1
25X1
Groups that have provided support to radical
Armenian terrorists have merged into a new political
organization.
According to the Armenian Reporter, a "Democratic
Front" was created during a conference of radical
Armenian groups from the United States, Canada,
and Europe held in Los Angeles in April. This
organization is made up of the British and Canadian
Popular Movements for the Armenian Secret Army
for the Liberation of Armenia (PMASALA) and the
French-based Armenian National Movement-often
referred to as Combat Armenien. A conference state-
ment charged that traditional, nationalist Armenian
political parties had failed to advance the Armenian
cause effectively, and claimed that the sole means of
"liberating" Armenian terroritories is through popu-
lar, armed struggle. The Democratic Front claimed to
be independent of any existing group or political
party.
We suspect that the impetus for the realignment of
these radical support groups, in part, was their isola-
tion from Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation
of Armenian ASALA o erations.
the ASALA leadership
expelled t e French, British, and Canadian support
groups in December 1982, following a growing rift
between the hardcore terrorist cadre and the popular,
movements, which have provided some support to
ASALA. We speculate that these support groups may
have refused to support ASALA's indiscriminate
bombing campaigns, preferring to improve the Arme-
nian image-internationally blemished by terror-
ism-through a more moderate political effort. We
also note that the May-June issue of the PMASALA
organ Hayastan Kaytzer stated that the Democratic
Front has ceased its unconditional su port for
ASALA.
The new organization will probably try to establish a
broad political base to aid the Armenian struggle for a
homeland. Longstanding close contact with Palestin-
ians appears to have encouraged the Armenians to
emulate the PLO's use of political organizations to
enhance its legitimacy as the representative of the
Palestinian people. We note efforts by the most
powerful Armenian political organization, the Arme-
nian Revolutionary Front (also known as the Dashnag
Party), to return to the Socialist International and to
establish closer relations with socialist parties to elicit
support for the Armenian cause. A Second Interna-
tional Armenian Congress, scheduled for 20-24 July
1983 in Lausanne, Switzerland, is planning to draft a
constitution for a permanent organization to lead the
Armenian diaspora. 25X1
While the newly created Democratic Front appears to
have rejected terrorism, we suspect that its success as
a political force may affect its future relations with
ASALA, which does not have a political support base.
ASALA's five terrorist attacks conducted since it
jettisoned its support groups show it can operate
alone; nevertheless, we suspect that ASALA would
consider a strong political organization a valuable
ally. 25X1
Secret
GI TR 83-013
23 June 1983
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Secret
Terrorist Attacks
Against Diplomats:
A Statistical Overview
The number of international terrorist incidents direct-
ed against diplomats and diplomatic facilities in-
creased dramatically with the onset of the 1980s, and
we believe 1983 will be the fourth consecutive year of
extensive terrorist activity against this group.
Terrorist attacks against diplomats have grown more
widespread since we began keeping records in 1968.
In 1970, we recorded 204 attacks against diplomats
from 31 countries; in 1978, 265 attacks on diplomats
from 59 countries; and in 1980, 409 attacks from 60
countries. For the first five months of 1983, we have
recorded 150 incidents involving diplomats from 42
countries, and, based on current volatilities in the
Middle East and Central America, upcoming INF
deployment in Europe, unrest in Peru and Colombia,
and the continuing Armenian threat to Turkish diplo-
mats, we believe 1983 will be commensurate with the
last three years. While 30 percent of all terrorist
incidents recorded in 1975 were directed against
diplomats, the number increased to 54 percent of the
total in 1980 and has remained at about that level for
the last two years.
Since 1968, diplomats from 113 countries have been
.victimized by international terrorists. Countries
whose diplomats have been the most frequent victims
are the United States, Israel, the Soviet Union, the
United Kingdom, Cuba, and Turkey. More than 70
percent of the attacks against diplomats have oc-
curred in only 20 countries, primarily those in West-
ern Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America. The
largest number of terrorist incidents involving diplo-
mats has occurred in the United States, France, the
Netherlands, West Germany, and Greece. In most of
these countries the attacks tended to be carried out by
foreign-based rather than indigenous terrorists.
International Terrorist Incidents
Against Foreign Diplomats,
January 1968-April 1983
Number Total incidents: 3,304
150
(April)
I I I I I I I I
1968 70 75
I
80 83
Types of Attack
Attacks against diplomats by international terrorists
have ranged from telephone threats to bombings,
kidnapings, and assassinations. Bombings are the
preferred method of attack, since they normally in-
volve little risk of capture for the terrorist, and
explosives are relatively easy to obtain. Although most
bombings have not caused significant damage, a few
have resulted in loss of life and the destruction of
diplomatic facilities. The 18 April 1983 bombing of
Secret
GI TR 83-013
23 June 1983
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
the US Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, is an example of
one of the more violent bombings of a diplomatic
facility. More than 60 people were killed, including 17
American citizens, and an entire wing of the building
was destroyed.
The number of assassination attempts against diplo-
mats increased markedly from the six recorded in
1975 to a high of 29 recorded in 1980; there were 21
in 1982. The Armenian terrorist campaign against
Turkish diplomats, the Iran-Iraq war, and the volatile
situation in Beirut are responsibile, in part, for the
large number of assassinations and assassination at-
tempts over the past three years.
The number of incidents involving the taking of
diplomatic hostages by terrorists has been rising in
recent years. Since 1968, there have been at least 259
such attacks on diplomats from 55 countries, most
often from the United States, West Germany, France,
and the United Kingdom. Almost half of these inci-
dents took place in Latin America, especially in
Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia.
Deaths and Injuries
At least 460 international terrorist attacks on diplo-
mats between January 1968 and April 1983 caused
death or personal injury. Such attacks, which provoke
a response from the highest levels of government and
command worldwide media attention, highlight the
broad impact of international terrorism. Twenty-three
ambassadors from 13 countries have been assassinat-
ed, including the US Ambassadors to Afghanistan,
Lebanon, Cyprus, Sudan, and Guatemala, and the
Turkish Ambassadors to Australia, France, Yugosla-
via, Spain, and Austria. The number of attacks
resulting in death or injury has increased almost every
year since 1968. In 1981 there were 58 such inci-
dents-far more than in any previous year. Although
the number dropped slightly in 1982, it is up again
thus far in 1983. US diplomats have been those most
often killed or injured. Diplomats from the Soviet
Union, Turkey, Israel, Yugoslavia, the United King-
dom, France, and India have also frequently been the
casualties of terrorism. Attempted and successful
assassinations of a designated target with handguns or
bombs accounted for almost 62 percent of these
incidents.
Terrorist Groups Responsible
The number of terrorist groups that attack diplomats
and the level of violence they utilize has increased
almost every year since 1968 and was highest in 1981.
Many of the new groups that appeared during the last
few years have tended to single out diplomats for
attacks and to use more violent tactics, perhaps
because they calculate that increasingly higher levels
of violence are required to obtain the international
publicity they seek. '
A total of 102 groups have claimed credit for attacks
against foreign diplomats since 1968.
? Black September (BSO), a Palestinian terrorist
group that conducted most of its operations during
the mid-1970s, has claimed responsibility for more
attacks on diplomats-primarily those from
Israel-than any other group.
? The Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of
Armenia (ASALA) has also frequently attacked
diplomats. Attacks by ASALA against Turkish
diplomats have occurred each year since 1975, but
were the most numerous in 1981 and 1982. ASALA
has attacked Turkish diplomats in 16 different
countries.
? The Colombian 19th April Movement (M- 19) has
attacked diplomats from 16 countries stationed in
Colombia. M-19 activities have included kidnap-
ings, hostage and barricade operations, and bomb-
ings. The M- 19 has also conducted operations in
Venezuela and mailed threatening letters to diplo-
mats from Spain and the United States.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Secret
Special Analysis
France's experience with democratic government-
longer than that in Italy, West Germany, and
Spain-and its liberal tradition have kept most politi-
cal extremist activity within legal bounds. The coun-
try's only experience with extreme rightist govern-
ment was the puppet Vichy regime during World War
II, which was more ephemeral than the fascist or
Nazi dictatorships in Italy, Germany, and Spain. Like
Spain, however, France has had to contend with
rightist violence stemming from military discontent.
The Dreyfus case at the turn of the century, with its
antisemitic overtones, spawned a promilitary organi-
zation called Action Francaise (AF) that turned to
violence after World War I and was proscribed in the
1930s. The most serious involvement of French Army
personnel-in terrorism arose from the colonial set-
backs in Indochina and Algeria in the 1950s and early
1960s, which led to the Secret Army Organization
(OAS) founded by General Raoul Salan. The OAS
tried to thwart the de Gaulle government's policies by
conducting a wave of serious attacks in France until it
was dispersed in the mid-1960s.
Recent rightist terrorism in France has been civilian
led and relatively limited compared with that in Italy,
West Germany, and Spain. Rightist terrorist groups
are viciously antisemitic, and profoundly opposed to
the ailing but still powerful French Communist Party
and to leftist movements such as the student-labor
groups that became active in the late 1960s. In an
apparent attempt to associate themselves with respon-
sible French ultraconservatives' intellectual activity,
the newer groups publish several journals, but these
tend to be emotional diatribes praising Hitler, in-
veighing against Jews, and condemning socialism and
Communism. The actions of these organizations have
France:
Rightwing Terrorist Groups/Organizations
OF
ON
MJR
European Nationalist Fasces (Faisceaux Nationalistes
Europeens)
Federation of National and European Action (Federa-
tion d'Action Nationale et Europeenne)
French Work (Oeuvre Francaise)
New Order (Ordre Nouveau)
Young Revolution Movement (Mouvement Jeune
Revolution)
For a Young Europe (Pour Une Jeune Europe)
National Restoration (Restauration Nationale)
Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (Mouvement
Nationaliste Revolutionnaire)
Civic Action Service (Service d'Action Civique)
Delta Organization (Organization Delta)
Charles Martel Club (Club Charles Martel)
Police Honor (Honneur de la Police)
Occident
French Revolutionary Brigades (Brigades Revolution-
naires Francaises)
National Youth Action Group (Group Action
Jeunesse Nationaliste)
consisted of violence against Jewish establishments,
spraypainting of Nazi slogans and symbols, and hooli-
ganism against leftists. No French rightist incident
since World War II, however, approximates the mag-
nitude of the Munich Oktoberfest bombing or the
Bologna station explosion or even the Atocha massa-
cre in Spain. The most spectacular antisemitic inci-
dents in France, such as the killing of six people in a
Secret
GI TR 83-013
23 June 1983
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Jewish restaurant last summer, are believed by
French officials to have been perpetrated by foreign
terrorists. Nevertheless, 16 of the 41 terrorist organiza-
tions the French Government has discovered and
outlawed since 1958 have belonged to the extreme
right, while only 13 belong to the extreme left and 12
are autonomist-separatist in orientation.
Terrorist Groups
The shortage of reliable information makes it difficult
to trace the development of contemporary extreme
rightist organizations in France. Nonetheless, there
are indications that these groups are descended from
similar organizations in the past and that some of
their members remain the same. In the 1960s,
hardcore OAS survivors
were absorbed into successor groups. The name of one
of these, the Delta Organization, was used in a
telephone call by an individual claiming responsibility
for the murder of Henri Curiel, the leader of a
support network providing technical training, docu-
ment support, and safehaven for Third World libera-
tion movements.
The first active rightist organization of note to follow
the OAS was the New Order (ON), founded by Alain
Robert in 1968 in response to that year's student-
labor violence. The group's actions consisted primarily
of brutal assaults on leftist students. Official esti-
mates of ON's membership placed it at 200, substan-
tially smaller than the 1,000 claimed by the group
when it was dissolved in 1973. Media accounts state
that the Union Defense Group (GUD) founded in
1973 was the successor to ON, but we cannot confirm
that this organization ever engaged in violent activity.
A number of other extreme rightist groups operating
in the 1960s and 1970s that merit mentioning because
of their reported backing of extreme rightist and
antisemitic activities include the National Restora-
tion, the French Works, the New Action, the Young
Nation, and the Club Charles Martel.
France's most dangerous rightist terrorist organiza-
tion of recent years is the Federation of National and
European Action (FANE) and its apparent successor,
European National Fasces (FNE). Founded in 1966
by Marc Fredriksen, a Paris bank employee, FANE
did not achieve widespread publicity until 1980, when
it was said to have sent death threats to a number of
prominent French Jews. Press reports that year quote
police as saying that rightist groups were responsible
for more than 100 cases of violence, vandalism, and
arson. These statements, however, do not specify the
responsibility of FANE or any other group by name.
Media accounts note that FANE celebrated occasions
such as Hitler's birthday and the Nazi holidays of the
summer and winter solstices. According to Paris's
authoritative daily, Le Monde, which put the number
of FANE members at 150, the group never claimed
responsibility for its acts but often left its organiza-
tional logo at attack sites.
Presumably French authorities found conclusive in-
criminating evidence against FANE, for they.dis-
solved it in September 1980, making it the first
rightist group to be banned since ON in 1973.
Fredriksen himself was tried and convicted in late
1980 for the crimes of racial defamation and provoca-
tion to racial discrimination, hate, and violence, as
well as for defending acts of this nature. He was given
a suspended sentence, but this remains the first
instance in France of conviction for these crimes.
Probably foreseeing FANE's dissolution, Fredriksen
legally declared the formation of the European Na-
tional Fasces in July 1980. French press coverage of
FNE's founding declared that, like FANE, it pro-
posed to attack Jews and sought to overthrow the
government. Responsible French journalists have sub-
sequently credited FNE with various attacks on Jews.
Although we have no official confirmation, the conti-
nuity of aims, operating mode, and membership be-
tween FANE and the FNE suggest a renewal of
FANE under a new name.
During 1982, two other rightist terrorist organizations
attracted attention in France. In July, the French
Revolutionary Brigades (FRB) claimed responsibility
for bombing a Paris apartment recently vacated by
Regis Debray, adviser to President Mitterrand and
former associate of Che Guevara. No further infor-
mation is available to identify FRB, but it may be a
recently reorganized group or a cover label for an
established organization.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23:
CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Secret
25X1
25X1
25X1
Civic Action Service (SAC) garnered many headlines
in 1982 when a parliamentary investigation of its
activities led to its dissolution. SAC was legally
formed after World War II to protect Gaullist politi-
cians from attacks by Communist activists in political
brawls that were common in the late 1940s. With the
passage of time SAC evolved into a mercenary para-
military organization that attacked leftists, most nota-
bly the student demonstrators in 1968. It was finally
proscribed when a parliamentary commission con-
firmed that several SAC members murdered one of
the organization's former leaders and his family in
support to various proteges.
ful run for president in 1965, he has thrown his
Political Parties
French ultraconservatives have at various times since
World War II formed political parties, but their
composite vote has never exceeded 3 percent in any
election, and rarely have they elected more than one
or two deputies to the National Assembly. The domi-
nant figure of French ultraconservatism is Jean-Louis
Tixier-Vignancour. A Paris lawyer, he served briefly
in the Vichy government and was Salan's defense
counsel in the OAS trials of the 1960s. Tixier-
Vignancour has headed several extreme rightist par-
ties, all of which were shortlived. Since an unsuccess-
Two extreme rightist parties have operated in France
since the 1970s: the National Front (FN) and the New
Forces Party (PFN). FN was founded by Jean-Marie
Le Pen in 1972. He had been active in Tixier-
Vignancour's circles earlier and in 1974 was an
unsuccessful candidate for president. PFN was
launched in 1974 by Tixier-Vignancour and his fol-
lower, Pascal Gauchon, together with youthful dissi-
dents from FN. In 1981, Gauchon failed to qualify for
the ballot as a presidential candidate, but PFN fielded
38 candidates in the 1982 off-year legislative elec-
tions.
Le Pen and Gauchon are frequently mentioned in the
French press in connection with extreme rightist
political activities. Neither is reported to have been
involved in rightist terrorism or to have sanctioned it
in statements. Nonetheless, the recurrence of names
associated both with their parties and with rightist
terrorist groups leads us to believe that the two sectors
overlap.
(members of the terrorist New
Order group helped found the NF, and press accounts
made the same claim during Le Pen's run for the
presidency in 1974. In 1979, the US Embassy in Paris
reported that Gauchon's PFN had some 5,000 mem-
bers, including some former New Order militants 25X1
speculate that the French Government policy of asy-
lum for political refugees also allows rightists to find
safehaven in France. There is good reason to think
that French and foreign rightists may meet occasion-
ally, but we do not believe these contacts are more
than sporadic. 25X1
Outlook 25X1
In France, the 15-year record of dissolution and
prosecution of rightist groups by the government
suggests that the security services maintain effective
25X1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
control over them. In the past, as well as with today's
socialist government, which includes some Commu-
nist ministers, ultraconservative political views find
outlets within legal bounds. In our judgment, this will
continue to preclude the rise of significant rightist
terrorist activity. Nevertheless, we do not believe that
rightist harassment of traditional targets such as Jews
and leftists will abate. Moreover, if there were a
recurrence of challenges to the existing order, such as
the student-worker movement of the late 1960s, or if
the common cause of antisemitism were to bring
French rightists and foreign terrorists active in France
into collusion, a more spectacular incident could be
attempted. We also expect that government policies
toward extremists taking refuge in France will contin-
native and foreign terrorists.
Secret 16
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Secret
Total, 681
Of which: US targets, 309
100
90
80
70
60
50
category of
Internalional
Total
73
89
49
57
43
47
56
58
71
71
57
10
681
Terrorise Incidcnls
,
1982-83,by
Monlb
Kidnaping
3
3
3
2
2
3
4
3
3
26
Barricade,
1
1
6
1
5
2
1
2
3
3
2
1
28
hostage
Bombing
42
31
13
17
17
23
21
26
24
23
21
1
259
Armed attack
2
1
2
2
4
1
12
Hijacking
3
4
1
3
3
1
4
5
2
4
7
3
40
Assassination
3
4
5
1
1
4
1
4
5
2
3
33
Threats, hoax
19
44
16
22
11
14
19
15
27
23
18
2
230
1
3
3
8
2
4
4
2
4
3
3
37
I I I I I I I I I I I
0 J A S 0 N D J F M A M J
1982 1983 Total
'Figures for the most recent months are subject
to change as additional data are received.
bBreak.ins, conspiracies, shootouts. etc.
17 Secret
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
25X1
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Secret
Chronology
This chronology includes significant events, incidents, and trends in international
terrorism. It provides commentary on their background, importance, and wider
implications. It does not treat events listed in previous editions of the chronology
11, 13 April 1983 West Germany: Suspected Arson
Fire destroyed the interior of a building containing Bundeswehr equipment and
several vehicles. Two days later a building in the same area, used by US and
Bundeswehr forces was found in flames. Dama e was light. No one claimed
responsibility.
14 May 1983 Italy: Neo-Nazi Confessor Letter
In Milan, the neo-Nazi group "Ludwig" claimed responsibility for a theater fire,
which killed six. Police have not been able to determine the validity of the group's
claim, but note that "Ludwig" has claimed responsibility for eight murders in
northern Italy over the past seven years. 25X1
but no injuries. No group claimed credit for either attack.
known to be a gathering place for an extreme rightwing group-and an employ-
ment office for foreign workers. The restaurant was destroyed by fire, and three
were slightly injured. The second explosion caused severe damage to the building
In Paris, in two separate incidents, bombs caused severe damage to a restaurant-
France: Paris Bombings
30 May 1983 Spain: Bombing Against Spanish Military 25X1
In Burgos, a bomb exploded near quarters used by high-ranking military officers
but caused no damage or injuries. Although no group claimed responsibility, we
believe the military wing of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty group (ETA) was
19 Secret
GI TR 83-013
23 June 1983
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
In Naples, Italian carabinieri arrested nine Red Brigades (BR) members
We believe those arrested are
part of a BR splinter support group, known as the Armed Proletariat Nuclei,
This splinter group may
1 June 1983
Secret
and weapons for the Naples BR column.
have committed numerous unsolved robberies in the Naples area to obtain money
sweep.
Italy: Arrest of Prima Linea Members
In Naples, carabinieri arrested four Prima Linea (PL) members in an antiterrorist
Police captured two of the terrorists.
Sri Lanka: Tamil Terrorist Attack
Two Sri Lankan Air Force men were killed and a third airman and a passerby seri-
ously injured when five.Tamil,terrorists attacked them in the Vavriniya bazaar.
CAA is violently antibusiness.
Spain: Bombing of Tire Company
In Oyarzun, a bomb exploded outside a Michelin tire factory, causing damage but
no casualties. Although no group has yet claimed credit for the attack, we believe
the radical ETA splinter group Anti-Capitalist Commandos (CAA) may be
responsible. This group claimed responsibility for an $8 million arson attack on the
Michelin plant on 22 February 1983 and for a bomb at an adjacent office defused
by police. Labor disputes at the plant may be the motive for the attack, because
building, causing considerable damage but no injuries.
Spain: Basque Bombings Continue
In San Sebastian, two bombs exploded at an empty bar and a government
the Basque area to broadcast propaganda messages.
Spain: Seizure of ETA Transmitter
In Bilbao, police seized a clandestine ETA Military Wing (ETA/M) transmitter
and arrested two "legal" members of ETA/M who were responsible for the
maintenance of the equipment. ETA has frequently used mobile transmitters in
20
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
25X1
25X1
25X1
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Secret
5 June 1983 West Berlin: Explosion at Construction Site
An explosion of unknown origins at a construction site in the Tegel area of West
Berlin caused heavy damage but no injuries. No one has claimed responsibility.F
Embassy will be destroyed." A search located no explosives.
25X1
Egypt: Threat to US Embassy
In a call to the US Embassy in Cairo, an unidentified female warned "the
were found in a car abandoned by two ETA/PM members after a police chase.
Spanish police believe ETA/PM may be in financial difficulties and is attempting
to finance its operations through the lucrative ransom payments derived from
kidnapings, because "revolutionary taxes" have not provided sufficient funds.
Spain: Discovery of ETA Kidnap Plot 25X1
In Loyola, police found evidence of a plan by ETA Political/ Military Wing
(ETA/PM) to kidnap an unidentified prominent Spaniard. Details of the kidnap
factory employee as part of the group's antipolice campaign.
Spain: Killing Claimed by 25X1
Basque Splinter Group
In Azpeitia, the Anti-Capitalist Commandos (CAA) took credit for the killing of a
construction firm that is building a pipeline for Narita Airport. Two workers were
killed and a third injured. Investigators recovered the remains of a battery-
powered, time-detonated incendiary device. This is the first attack at Narita
Japan: Anti-Narita Firebombing
Chukaku-Ha, an extremist leftist group, claimed responsibility for a fire at a
Airport to claim lives since May 1977.
9 June 1983 Corsica: Bombings Continue
In Ajaccio, the separatist Corsican National Liberation Front (FLNC) has claimed
responsibility for a series of bombings against homes of government and military
employees. The explosions caused damage but no injuries. The attacks followed an
announcement of an FLNC truce for the 13-14 June visit of French President
Mitterrand to the island.
25X1
were apparently used by the TPLF for propaganda.
Ethiopia: TPLF To Release Hostages
Ten relief workers, including an American priest, were released by the Tigrean
People's Liberation Front (TPLF) after seven weeks. Variously reported as being
taken for their own protection or to aid wounded TPLF members, the hostages
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
- circumvent Spanish Government measures to prevent the payment.
the ETA Military Wing for the release of Madrid banker Diego Prado. Press
releases- have also reported that the ransom may have been paid in Venezuela to
killed the day after they were taken. Further interrogation is under way.
Zimbabwe: Kidnaped Tourists Reported Dead
The authorities are interrogating a dissident who appears to have been one of the
abductors of two Americans, two Britons, and two Australians kidnaped in
Matabeleland on 23 July 1982. The alleged kidnaper claims the six tourists were
in four years.
South Africa: Three ANC Members Hanged
Despite worldwide appeals, three ANC members were hanged for killing two
policemen. Three of their comrades had their sentences commuted to life
imprisonment because they had not killed anyone during a bombing and an attack
on a police station. These were the first insurgents to be executed by South Africa
10 June 1983 Spain: Payment of Ransom Confirmed
In Madrid, police sources have confirmed that a $1.3 million ransom was paid to
13 June 1983
by Argentine authorities is under way.
claimed responsibility in a confessor letter.
West Germany: Bombing of CDU
Foreign Relations Institute
In Bonn, an early morning explosion at the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Building
caused considerable damage but no injuries. The Revolutionary Cells (RZ)
14 'June 1983 Argentina: Bomb Damages US Marine Vehicle
An early morning bomb attack in front of the Marine Security Guard residence in
Buenos Aires caused no injuries but destroyed a detachment vehicle and blew out
windows in the area. No one has taken credit for the attack, and an investigation
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Secret
15 June 1983 United States-Cuba: Fourth US Flight Hijacked
An Eastern Airlines flight en route from Miami to New York City with 94 persons
aboard was hijacked to Cuba by a Spanish-speaking male threatening to explode
an incendiary bomb. The hijacker was taken into custody in Havana and the plane
and passengers continued to New York. The incident was the fourth US airliner
diverted to Cuba since early last month.
16 June 1983 Turkey: Attack at Bazaar Claimed by ASALA
In Istanbul, a terrorist killed two and injured 23 more in a grenade and
machinegun attack. The Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia
(ASALA) claimed responsibility for the attack in the name of the Lvon Ekmakeian
Suicide Commando Group. (Ekmakeian was the ASALA member executed in
January 1983 for the Esenboga Airport attack in August 1982, which killed nine.)
In a telephone call to Agence-France Presse on 17 June, ASALA also threatened
Israel: Explosion in Tel Aviv
Four people were critically wounded in an explosion near the Tal Hotel. Police sus-
pect the blast occurred while the perpetrators were planting explosives near gas
23 Secret
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0
Secret
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/23: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100190001-0