TERRORISM REVIEW

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 5, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: February 3, 1983
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
Terrorism
Review
-
secret-GI TR 83-003
3 February 1983
Copy 3p2
Directorate of ->-
Intelligence
MASTER FOIE CUPY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
Terrorism
Review F-
1 Trends in Fatal Terrorist Attacks Against Americans: 1980-82
(ocq
3 Canada: Armenian Terrorist Activities
(EURA)
5 Palestinian Hijacking May Invoke International Sanctions
(OG!)
25X1
Comments and queries regarding this publication may be directed to the Research
Director, Instability and Insurgency Center, Office of Global Issues, telephone
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
Secret
Against Americans: 1980-82
Terrorists continue to target Americans for assassina-
tion as symbols of US "imperialism."
During the past three years, 21 Americans were killed
in 15 separate incidents in six countries. These attacks
represent 2.5 percent of all recorded attacks against
Americans. The number of terrorist incidents in
which American citizens were either wounded or
killed represents about 2 percent of all international
terrorist incidents in the 1980-82 period.
? Highly mobile democratic societies, with guaranteed
media coverage, sophisticated transportation net-
works, and easy access to national borders, have
frequently been the scene of terrorist operations.
During the past. three years, however, only three -
Americans were killed in two separate incidents in
such an environment; all in France. Over half of the
attacks and 14 deaths occurred in politically unstable
areas of Central and,South America-Colombia,
Guatemala, and El Salvador. Turkey, where eight US
citizens were killed in the two years preceding the
military's assumption of power in September 1980,
witnessed only three American deaths over the past
two years. One American was killed in the
Philippines.
Five terrorist groups-the Armenian Secret Army for
the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA), the Lebanese
Armed Revolutionary Faction (LARF), the Colombi-
an 19th of April Movement (M-19), the Turkish
Marxist-Leninist Armed Propaganda Unit (MLAPU),
and the Philippine April 6th Movement-either have
claimed responsibility or have been implicated in half
of the attacks in the 1980-82 period. In the other eight
incidents the group was either unknown or those killed
were victims of violence in politically troubled areas.
This differs from previous years when Palestinian
terrorist groups were responsible for most of these
American deaths. LARF, which claimed responsibil-
ity for the assassination in .1982 of Lt. Col. Charles
Ray, assistant US military attache in Paris, is new to
the international terrorist scene. ASALA had not
been responsible for American deaths before its indis-
criminate attack at the Ankara Airport in 1982, in
which one American woman was killed.
Until the mid-1970s more than half of all Americans
killed by terrorists were killed only because they were
coincidentally at the location of an attack. Since
about 1978, however, terrorists have tended specifi-
cally to target Americans because of their citizenship.
This trend continued during the past three years. Of
the 21 US citizens who died as a result of internation-
al terrorist incidents, 15 were specifically targeted;
only about one-third of the Americans killed were
victims of indiscriminate attacks.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
Secret
Canada:
Armenian Terrorist Activities
Armenian. terrorist groups are becoming increasingly
active in Canada. The Royal Canadian Mounted
Police (RCMP), which is responsible for internal
security matters, has identified two groups currently
operating in the country, the Armenian Secret Army
for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) and the
Justice Commandos Against Genocide (JCAG). The
activities of these groups so far have been confined to
major urban areas including Toronto, Ottawa, and
Montreal..Canadian authorities believe that, although
active membership is low, a considerable number of
nationalist extremists in Canada's Armenian commu-
nity are willing to shelter, support, and assist mem-
bers of both organizations.
The most serious terrorist incident in Canada in 1982
was the murder in August of Colonel Altikat, military
attache at the Turkish Embassy in Ottawa. The
RCMP has identified the killers as members of the
JCAG and maintains they came from Beirut, were
controlled from there, and entered and departed
Canada under assumed names. Since Altikat's death,
the RCMP has increased the "close support protec-
tion" of Turkish Embassy officials in Ottawa and of
the Turkish representative to the International Civil
Aviation Organization in Montreal. The RCMP has
also indicated it would welcome any information the
Turks could provide on the location of known terror-
When a new military attache was posted to the
Turkish Embassy in early November, the US Embas-
sy in Ottawa reported that the Canadian Government
had issued a "heightened alert" regarding the threat
from Armenian terrorism in the country. The alert
was apparently based on information the RCMP had
gathered from its sources. Canadian officials in-
formed both the Turkish Government in Ankara and
its Embassy in Ottawa that an increase in Armenian
terrorist activities directed against Turkish nationals
in Canada appeared likely. 25X1
In May, Toronto police arrested four individuals who
claimed to be members of ASALA. The four were
charged with attempting to extort money from the
city's Armenian community and with involvement in
the firebombings of a car, a truck, and a home. The
police searched the residences of the accused men and
discovered terrorist literature and posters, materials 25X1
for making pipe bombs, and instructions for the
manufacture of other types of bombs. F___125X1
Canada is an extremely attractive location for terror-
ist activities. Canadians have traditionally shown an
intense abhorrence of violence and are not inclined to
take it in stride. Terrorist acts, such as the murder of
Colonel Altikat, are therefore certain to attract na-
tional attention and generate extensive media cover-
age and exposure for both the event and the group
that claims responsibility for it. F__~ 25X1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31
Palestinian Hijacking May Invoke
International Sanctions
The Bonn Declaration could be invoked against Dji-
bouti virtually halting international air service to that
country, if local Djiboutian authorities decide to free
the three Palestinians who hijacked a South Yemeni
airliner to Djibouti
Three Palestinians armed with a revolver hijacked an
Al-Yandu Boeing 707 on 20 January and diverted the
airliner to Djibouti. Reports conflict, but the flight
apparently was en route to Damascus from Aden.
Although the three demanded to be flown to Cairo,
the crew said fuel was insufficient and the hijackers
agreed to Djibouti. Authorities gave landing permis-
sion when the pilot claimed technical difficulties. A
gunfight between the hijackers and the security per-
sonnel, who routinely travel on Al-Yandu flights, left
two passengers wounded.
South Yemen requested permission to send comman-
dos to storm the hijacked plane, but authorities
prohibited their entry. The hijackers, after first de-
manding food and fuel to continue their flight,
changed their demands to Djiboutian passports and
the right to leave for the country of their choice. The
US Mission is uncertain of the hijackers' status.
Conflicting reports indicate that the hijackers are
either in jail pending a police investigation or at a
hotel with laissez-passers and no police escort
The Bonn Declaration requires hijackers to be either
tried or extradited, in this case to South Yemen, for
prosecution. Extradition is unlikely, because Djibouti
has no extradition treaty with South Yemen. If no
trials are held, the Bonn Declaration stipulates that
other countries must cut off landing rights for Air
Djibouti at their airports and not permit their airlines
to fly to Djibouti. Moreover, lenient treatment of the
hijackers could encourage others to use Djibouti as a
safehaven.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31
25X1
25X1
25X1
The pro-Western government of Djibouti is reluctant
to involve itself in international controversy and prob-
ably is weighing expected reactions of conservative
Arab states to which it looks for vital foreign aid
before deciding how to react
We cannot verify the hijackers' affiliation, although
all indications are that they are members of one of the
smaller PLO groups. According to a Djibouti official,
hijacking probably was not sanctioned by a mainline
Palestinian group, many of which have utilized train-
ing facilities in South Yemen or have been supported
by Aden in other ways. The local PLO representative
in Djibouti had engaged in negotiations with the
hijackers.
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
Next 4 Page(s) In Document Denied
Iq
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
Secret
Statistical. Overview
International Terrorist Incidents, 1982a
Total, 746
Of which: US targets, 385
10
I I I I I I I I I I I I
0 N D
Total
Category of
International Total 77 34 76 72 55 95 73 90 50 56 38 30 746
Terrorist Incidents,
1982, by Month Kidnaping 5 2 2 ' 3 1 3 3 2 1 21
a Figures for the most recent months are subject
to change as additional data are received.
1 1 1 1 7 1 5 17
25X1
13 Secret
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
Secret
Chronology
I his chronology includes significant events, incidents, and trends in intern
ation
terrorism. It provides commentary on their background, importance, and
wider
implications.
15-31 December 1982 Turkey
In Izmir Turkish National Police used information obtained during previo
is
arrests in the Adana area to arrest 23 members of the Turkish Communist
Party/Marxist-Leninist (TCP/M-L). Material confiscated during the arre
sts
indicated that TCP/M-L was attempting to reunite through propaganda e
Torts.
Weapons and propaganda leaflets found in the safehouse also indicate som
e
Turkish groups were receiving assistance from outside Turkey, possibly thr
ough
smuggling operations along the Syrian, Iranian, and Iraqi borders
January 1983 Spain
Spanish police captured seven members of the Catalan separatist terrorist
organization Terra Lliure (Free Land). Terra Lliure first appeared in 1980
as the
armed wing of the Independentistas de los Paises Catalanes (Advocates of
Independence for the Catalan Provinces) and has been suspected of bombi
ng
12 January 1983 Haiti
In the second terrorist bombing of this year in Port-au-Prince, an explosive
device
was detonated near the downtown Central Bank. No injuries or damage w
ere
reported. Authorities believe the Miami-based Hector Riobe Brigade was re
sponsi-
15 January 1983 West Germany
US military hospital in' Zweibruecken was firebombed. A Frankfurt newsp
aper
received a confessor letter on 18 January claiming the attack was conducted
by the
could
have been conducted by another group.
16 January 1983 Spain
Basque Fatherland and Liberty Political/ Military Wing (ETA/PM) VIII Assem
-
bly sent death threats to repentant ETA/PM VII Assembly members who
dissolved their organization in September 1982 and renounced violence. ET
A/PM
VIII Assembly suspects the former "Etarras" of providing information to
Spanish
police in exchange for their freedom in Spain. Former Etarras-turned-polic
e-
informers have been killed by both ETA/PM and ETA Military Wing.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
al
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
Spain
In Madrid a member of the Basque regional police force has been implicated in the
Orbegozo kidnaping believed carried out by ETA/PM. Juan Manuel Pomar
Mendez disappeared after the Guardia Civil freed Orbogozo. Basque authorities
now face additional criticism from the press for the lax standards of recruitment
for the new security force. 25X1
possible payment attempt
17 January 1983 Spain
In San Sebastian suspected Basque terrorists released a kidnap victim after the
payment of $1.3 million ransom. the ransom was probably
delivered abroad to circumvent Spanish Government efforts to impede the
payment. The ransom payment was an embarrassment to the Spanish Govern-
ment, which had taken a firm line against the payment and even detained a
member of the victim's family who tried to cross the Spanish-French border in a
ployee of the Industry Ministry based in Chaing Mai.
The three hijackers of a Thai Airways domestic flight may be members of the
Shan United Army (SUA), which controls 70 percent of the drug traffic in the
Golden Triangle. After landing in Chiang Mai, the hijackers escaped with their
hostages in a commandeered Thai pickup truck, eventually freeing their hostages
in the countryside.. One apprehended hijacker confessed that he and a friend had
been hired to take the plane. Police identified the leader of the hijackers as an em-
18 January 1983 Thailand
Turkey
In Adana Turkish National Police arrested four individuals who admitted
belonging to the newly formed Turkish Unit (GU), a Marxist-Leninist organiza-
tion dedicated to the destruction of the present Turkish Government and
installation of an anti-US government.
Turkey
In Adana the Turkish National Police captured seven members of the Turkish
People's Liberation Party/Front-Radical Left (TPLP/F-RL). Aided by informa-
tion provided by arrested terrorists, Turkish police have recently been very
successful in rounding up suspected terrorists.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
Secret
20 January 1983 El Salvador
Unidentified assailants attacked ARENA Party headquarters in San Salvador
with gunfire and a bomb during a party business meeting. A security guard and a
messenger were wounded. This is the second attack on ARENA in the past two
weeks. ARENA deputy, Col. Jorge Alberto Jarguin, lost his legs when a bomb was
thrown into his car on 9 January. 25X1
United Kingdom
In Leeds the Angry Brigade claimed credit for a letter bomb placed at
Conservative Party headquarters hours before Prime Minister Thatcher was to
visit the city. The device was safely detonated by bomb disposal experts. The
Angry Brigade, a shadowy anarchist group active in the early 1970s, gave no
motive for the attack in their telephone communique.
Canada
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police arrested five members of the anarchist group
Direct Action and recovered several weapons and 2,000 pounds of explosives.
Some of the arrestees have been charged with the 31 May bombing of a Vancouver
Island hydroelectric substation. No charges have been brought in a similar attack
on the Litton Industries plant in Toronto last October. Police also recovered details
of future plans for attacks on an armored car and on the Canadian forces base at
Cold Lake, Alberta, a -future testing site for US cruise missiles.
return to terrorist activity after a five-month hiatus.
22 January 1983 France 25X1
In a telephone communique to Agence France-Presse in Athens, the Armenian
Secret Army for the,Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) claimed credit for two
attacks in Paris. A lone terrorist, who was later apprehended, tossed a shrapnel-
filled grenade into the Turkish Airlines office, slightly injuring three persons. A
two-pound bomb found at the Turkish Airline counter at Orly airport was defused
without injury. The bomb featured a dual detonation fuse to ensure its detonation.
The attacks, which had the capability of inflicting serious injury, mark ASALA's
26 January 1983 India
Sikh agitation for an independent Punjab broke out early on 26 January as four
bombs exploded in the Sikh holy city of Amritsar. Renewed agitation may again
trigger demonstrations, the paralysis of the Punjab state administration, and
violence similar to' that which occurred in Punjab and New Delhi last fall. F_
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1
Secret
Secret
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/05/31: CIA-RDP84-00893R000100090001-1