THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP84-00780R000600110021-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 23
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 15, 2002
• Sequence Number: 21
• Content Type: PAPER

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THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
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T} CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
The United States has carried on intelligence activities since the
days of George Washington, but only after World War II have they been
systematized on a government wide basis.
The organization first formed for this purpose was authorized in a
letter-directive dated 22 January 1946, in which President Harry S. Truman
instructed the Secretary of State (James F. Byrnes), the Secretary of War
(Robert P. Patterson), the Secretary of the Navy (James V. Forrestal),
and his own personal representative (Admiral William D. Leahy), to
constitute themselves as the "National Intelligence Authority." The
Authority was directed to plan, develop, and coordinate "all Federal
foreign intelligence activities" in order to "assure the most effective
accomplishment of the intelligence mission related to the national
security." The members of the Authority assigned persons and funds from
their departments to form the "Central Intelligence Group," which was
the operating body for the NIA. The "Group" was headed by a "Director of
Central Intelligence" appointed by the President.
The National Intelligence Authority (NIA) and its operating component,
the Central Intelligence Group (CIG), were in existence for twenty months
in 1946 and 1947. Under the terms of the National Security Act of 1947
(which became effective on 18 September 1947), they were superseded by the
National Security Council (NSC) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
The first Director of Central Intelligence was Rear Admiral Sidney
W. Souers, U.S. Naval Reserve, who served as head of the Central Intelligence
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Group from 23 January 1946 to 7 June 1946. The second was General Hoyt
S. Vandenber?~, U.S. Air Force, who served from 10 June 1946 until 1 May
19147. The third was Rear Admiral Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter, U.S.N., who
served as head of the Group from 1 May 1947 until it became the Central
Intelligence Agency on 18 September 1947, when he became the first
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Admiral Hil1enkoett.er served
as head of the Agency until 7 October 1950.
The fourth Director of Central Intelligence was General `Walter Bedell
Smith, U.S.A., who served from 7 October 1950 to 9 February 1953.
The fifth Director of Central Intelligence was Mr. Allen Welsh Dulles,
who served as Director front 26 February 1953 to 29 November 1961.
Mr. John Alex McCone, the present Director of Central Intelligence,
was designated fox- that position by President Kennedy on 27 September 1961.
He was riven a recess appo:Lntment and sworn into office on 29 November
1961 in the white House. The oath of office was administered by Earl
warren, the Chief Justice of the United States. Mr. NcCone's nomination
was unanirlously approved by the Senate Arrned Services Committee following
a public hearing held on 18 January 1962, and the Senate confirmed his
nomination on 31 January 1962.
The Ucpuly Director of Central Intelligence is Lieutenant General
Marshall :Sylvester Carter, U.S.A. The White House announced on 9 March
1962 that the President ha.d selected Major General Carter to be the
Deputy Director of Central Intelligence. He was nominated by President
Kennedy on 12 March 1962 and confirmed by the Senate on 2 April 1962,
with the rank of Lieutenant General.
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There are four Deputy Directors for particular functional responsi-
bilities in CIA, as follows: Deputy Director (Intelligence); Deputy
Director (Plans); Deputy Director (Research); and Deputy Director (Support).
The CIA's headquarters building is located in Langley, near McLean,
Virginia. Its post office address is Washington 25, D.C.
The responsibilities of the CIA derive from two acts of Congress --
the National Security Act of 1947 (Public Law 253, 26 July 1947), as
amended; and the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (Public Law 110,
20 June 1949), as amended.. Section 102 (d) of the National Security Act
states:
"For the purpose of coordinating the intelligence activ-
ities of the several Government departments and agencies in
the interest of national security, it shall be the duty of the
ffentral Intelligence] Agency, under the direction of the
National Security Council --
"(1) to advise the National Security Council
in matters concerning such intelligence activities
of the Government departments and agencies as relate
to national security;
"(2) to make recommendations to the National
Security Council for the coordination of such intelli-
gence activities of the departments and agencies of
the Government as relate to the national security;
"(3) to correlate and evaluate intelligence
relating to the national security, and provide for
the appropriate dissemination of such intelligence
within the Government using where appropriate
existing agencies and facilities: Provided, That
the Agency shall have no police, subpena, law-
enforcement powers, or internal-security functions:
Provided further, That the departments and other
agencies of the Government shall continue to col-
lect, evaluate, correlate, and disseminate depart-
mental intelligence: And Provided further, That
the Director of Central Intelligence shall be
responsible for protecting intelligence sources
and methods from unauthorized disclosure;
"(4) to perform, for the benefit of the
existing intelligence agencies, such additional
services of common concern as the National Security
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Council determines can be more efficiently
accomplished centrally;
"(5) to perform such other functions and
duties related to intelligence affecting the national
security as the National Security Council may from
time to time direct."
The National Security Act, as amended, specified that both the
Director of Central Intelligence and the Deputy Director shall be
appointed by the President, subject to confirmation by the U.S. Senate.
An amendment of b April 3953 authorized such appointments to be made
either from individuals in civilian life or from commissioned officers
of the armed services, whether in active or retired status, provided
that "at no time shall the two positions ... be occupied simultaneously
by commissioned officers ..."
A further act of 1956 (the Federal Executive Pay Act, Public Law
85L) established the annual basic compensation of the Director and the
Deputy Director at $21,000 and $20,500, respectively.
The Central Intelligence Agency Act of 19L9 (Public Law 110,
20 June 1949) supplemented the National Security Act with respect to
the Central Intelligence Agency as follows:
(1) exempted the Agency, in the interest of "the security
of foreign intelligence activities of the United States," from
such existing Federal laws as require "the publication or dis-
closure of the organization, functions, names, official titles,
salaries, or number: of personnel employed by the Agency";
(2) specified that the appropriations or other moneys made
available to the Agency "may be expended without regard to the
provisions of law and regulations relating to the expenditure of
Government funds"; and that "for objects of a confidential,
extraordinary, or emergency nature, such expenditures to be
accounted for solely on the certificate of the Director, and
every such certificate shall be deemed a sufficient voucher for
the amount therein certified";
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(3) permitted the Agency to negotiate purchases and con-
tracts without advertising under certain conditions, such as
for supplies or services the nature of which should. not be
publicly disclosed;
(4) permitted the Agency to transfer to and receive funds
from other Government agencies, for activities authorized under
the National Security Act, including the reimbursement to other
agencies for personnel assigned or detailed to the Agency;
(5) permitted the Agency to contract for special research
or instruction for Agency personnel at outside institutions;
(6) provided for special travel allowances and related
expenses for Agency personnel assigned to duty outside the
United States;
(7) granted the Director of Central Intelligence authority
to approve the entry into the United States of certain aliens
and their families, up to one hundred persons annually, subject
to the determination (by the Director, the Attorney General, and
the Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization) that such
entry is "in the interest of national security or essential to
the furtherance of the national intelligence mission"; and
(8) by an amendment in 1951, authorized the Agency to
employ up to fifteen retired officers of the Armed Services who
have been retired for reasons other than physical disability,
and provided that such officers could elect to receive either
their retired pay or Agency compensation.
Under these acts of Congress, the Director of Central Intelligence
is the Government's principal intelligence officer. He serves as the
principal adviser to the President and the National Security Council on
all matters of intelligence related to the national security. CIA's
responsibilities are carried out subject to various directives and
controls by the President and the National Security Council.
One such directive, issued on 16 January 1962 by President Kennedy
to the Director of Central Intelligence (with copies to the Secretaries
of State and Defense, the Attorney General, and the Chairman of the
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Atomic Energy Commission), further defines the responsibilities of the
"In carrying out your newly assigned duties as Director
of Central Intelligence it is my wish that you serve as the
Government's principal foreign intelligence officer, and as
such that you undertake, as an integral part of your respon-
sibility, the coordination and effective guidance of the
total United States foreign intelligence effort. As the
Government's principal intelligence officer, you will assure
the proper coordination, correlation, and evaluation of
intelligence from all sources and its prompt dissemination to
me and to other recipients as appropriate. In fulfillment of
these tasks I shall expect you to work closely with the heads
of all departments and agencies having responsibilities in the
foreign intelligence field.
"In coordinating and guiding the total intelligence effort,
you will serve as Chairman of the United States Intelligence
Board, with a view to assuring the efficient and effective
operation of the Board and its associated bodies. In this
connection I note with approval that you have designated
your deputy to serve as a member of the Board, thereby bring-
ing to the Board's deliberations the relevant facts and judg-
ments of the Central Intelligence Agency.
"As directed, by the President and the National Security
Council, you will establish with the advice and assistance of
the United States Intelligence Board the necessary policies
and procedures to assure adequate coordination of foreign
intelligence activities at all levels.
"With the heads of the Departments and Agencies concerned
you gill maintain a continuing review of the programs and
activities of all U.S. agencies engaged in foreign intelligence
activities with a view to assuring efficiency and effectiveness
and to avoiding undesirable duplication.
"As head of the Central Intelligence Agency, while you
will continue to have over-all responsibility for the Agency,
I shall expect you to delegate to your principal deputy, as
you may deem necessary, so much of the direction of the
detailed operation of the Agency as may be required to permit
you to carry out your primary task as Director of Central
Intelligence.
"It is my wish that you keep me advised from time to time
as to your progress in the implementation of this directive
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and as to any recommendations you may have which would facil-
itate the accomplishment of these objectives."
The Director of Central Intelligence, as the President's represent-
ative, and as the Government's principal intelligence officer, is chair-
man of the United States Intelligence Board. The Deputy Director of
Central Intelligence is a member, representing the CIA. The other
members are the heads of the intelligence organizations in the Depart-
ments of State, Army,, Navy, and Air Force; the Director of the Defense
Intelligence Agency; the Director of the National Security Agency; the
Director for Intelligence of the Joint Staff, Joint Chiefs of Staff; and
representatives of the Atomic Energy Commission and the Federal Bureau
of Investigation.
Acting in consultation with the U.S. Intelligence Board, the Director
of Central Intelligence makes recommendations to the National Security
Council concerning the intelligence structure of the Government as a
whole, to insure that each element is functioning properly in the
national intelligence effort.
Similarly, after coordination with that Board, the Director presents
to the National Security Council "National Intelligence Estimates," pre-
pared by the Central Intelligence Agency working with representatives of
other governmental intelligence organizations and, at times, with cleared
civilian experts. These estimates cover specific foreign situations of
national security concern, or the world situation generally. They may
embody a unanimous opinion, or may contain dissenting views by one or
more of the participants.
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By means of these coordinated estimates, along with related types
of intelligence reports and evaluations, the Central Intelligence Agency
exercises its responsibility to insure that the information going to the
President and his principal advisers on foreign policy and national
defense -- the members of the National Security Council -- is timely,
consistent, and complete. The CIA brings together the judgment of
intelligence officers in all departments and agencies on the major issues
of fact and interprets them for the benefit of the President and his
advisers.
In addition to its coordination activities, the CIA provides various
"services of common concern" to the U.S. intelligence organization
generally. It conducts independent research in fields of economic and
scientific intelligence; monitors foreign news and propaganda broadcasts;
and collects intelligence abroad. It also provides specialized library
and translation services, including both mechanized and manually operated
data-processing facilities, to the various elements of the U.S. intelli-
gence organization.
CIA'; facilities and techniques for the indexing, abstracting,
translation, storage, and retrieval of intelligence information have
been praised as "the most comprehensive information system now in opera-
tion," by the Committee on Government Operations of the U.S. Senate, in
its report of 2I May 1960 entitled "Documentation, Indexing, and Retrieval
of Scientific Information." Among the features of this system described
at length in that report (pp. 16 ff. and 62 ff.) are specialized miniature
photography, facsimile-printing devices, and punch card indexes extending
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to more than 40 million cards, used for retrieving documents automatically.
The Central Intelligence Agency does not duplicate and rival the
existing intelligence organizations of the Department of State, the
Department of Defense, or other U.S. Government agencies. It makes maxi-
mum use of the resources of existing agencies. It helps put an end to
unnecessary duplication.
Applicants for Central Intelligence Agency employment are given a
full security investigation after they have been provisionally approved,
following preliminary tests. Some are eliminated because they drink too
much, talk too much, or have relatives behind the Iron Curtain which may
make the applicants subject to foreign pressure; others are screened out
because they have contacts which render them undesirable for service in
this highly sensitive Agency.
Because of the nature of its duties, required by law and by consid-
erations of national security, the Central Intelligence Agency does not
confirm or deny published reports, whether true or false, favorable or
unfavorable to the Agency or its personnel; never alibis; never explains
its organization; never identifies its personnel, except for the few in
the top echelons; and does not discuss its budget, its methods of opera-
tion, or its sources of information.
The Central Intelligence Agency is directly accountable to Presiden-
tial authority and control. This accountability is exercised in a number
of ways, notably through the National Security Council, which is privy to
CIA's activities and programs generally; through the Bureau of the Budget,
on fiscal matters; and by the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory
Board.
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The Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board was established by President
Kennedy on 4 May 1961. It represents a reactivation, with broadened
terms of reference, of the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign
Intelligence Activities, which had been established by President Eisenhower
in 1956, in line with recommendations made in 1955 by the Hoover Commission.
The Board of Consultants was headed, first, by Dr. James R. Killian, Jr.
(president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology), from January 1956
to February- 1958. He was succeeded by Major General John E. Hull, U.S.A.
(Ret.), on 28 February 1958. Dr. Killian returned as chairman when the
new Board was named by President Kennedy, and served from May 1961 to
April 1963. He was succeeded by Mr. Clark M. Clifford, Washington, D.C.,
attorney, on 23 April 1963.
The Board's functions, defined by Executive Order of 4 May 1961 are:
... The function of the Board shall be to advise the President
with respect to the objectives and conduct of the foreign intel-
ligence and related activities of the United States which are
required in the interests of foreign policy and national defense
and security. ... In the performance of its advisory duties, the
Board shall conduct a continuing review and assessment of all
functions of the Central Intelligence Agency, and of other
executive departments and agencies having such or similar
responsibilities in the foreign intelligence and related fields,
and small report thereon to the President each six months or
more frequently as deemed appropriate. The Director of Central
Intelligence and the heads of other departments and agencies
concerned shall make available to the Board any information with
respect to foreign intelligence matters which the Board may
require for the purpose of carrying out its responsibilities to
the President. The information so supplied to the Board shall
be afforded requisite security protection as prescribed by the
provisions of applicable laws and regulations."
On appropriations and related legislative matters, the Director of
Central Intelligence has contact with several committees of the Congress,
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particularly the House and Senate Appropriations Committees, the House
and Senate Armed Services Committees, and their respective subcommittees
dealing with CIA affairs.
President Eisenhower, speaking on 3 November 1959 on the occasion
of the cornerstone laying at CIA's new headquarters building at Langley,
Virginia, characterized CIA's work as follows:
"... In war nothing is more important to a commander than
the facts concerning the strength, dispositions and intentions
of his opponent, and the proper interpretation of those facts.
In peacetime the necessary facts are of a different nature.
They deal with conditions, resources, requirements and attitudes
prevailing in the world. They are essential to the development
of policy to further our long term national security and best
interests. To provide information of this kind is the task of
the organization of which you rmembers of CIA7 are a part.
"No task could be more important.
"Upon the quality of your work depends in large measure
the success of our effort to further the nation's position in
the international scene.
"By its very nature the work of this agency demands of
its members the highest order of dedication, ability, trust-
worthiness and selflessness -- to say nothing of the finest
type of courage, whenever needed. Success cannot be advertised:
failure cannot be explained. In the work of Intelligence,
heroes are undecorated and unsung, often even among their own.
fraternity. Their inspiration is rooted in patriotism --
their reward can be little except the conviction that they are
performing a unique and indispensable service for their
country, and the knowledge that America needs and appreciates
their efforts. I assure you this is indeed true. ..."
President Kennedy, speaking to the personnel of CIA at its head-
quarters, Langley, Virginia, on 28 November 1961, said:
"Your successes are unheralded -- your failures are
trumpeted. ... But I am sure you realize how important is
your work, how essential it is -- and in the long sweep of
history how significant your efforts will be judged. So I
do want to express my appreciation to you now, and I am
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confident that in the future you will continue to merit the
appreciation of our country, as you have in the past."
The American Legion, at its 42nd National Convention at Miami
Beach, Florida, on 18 October 1960, adopted the following resolution
on the Central Intelligence Agency:
"WHEREAS, the American military intelligence effort in the past
seven years has taken great strides toward fully apprising the
government of the United States of the true status of the mili-
tary strength of our communist enemies, and
"WHEREAS, the effect of this intelligence effort has been to
immeasurably strengthen the American military position and
prepare this nation to more effectively meet the communist
challenge, and
"WHEREAS, the continuance of this intelligence effort is an
absolute necessity in order to adequately protect. our nation
against the type of surprise attack characterized by the Pearl
Harbor incident,
"NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the American Legion in
National Convention assembled in Miami Beach, Florida,
October 17-20, 1960, urges the full continuation of the
American intelligence effort in every particular deemed
effective for the protection of our nation, and expresses
full confidence in the Central Intelligence Agency, for its
foresight in providing for the protection of our nation
against surprise attack by our enemies."
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THE DIRECTORS OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
Rear Admiral Sidney W. Souers, USNR
23 January 1946 - 7 June 1946
Lieutenant General Hoyt Sanford Vandenberg, USAAF
10 June 1946 - 1 May 1947
Rear Admiral Roscoe Henry Hillenkoetter, USN
1 May 1947 - 7 October 1950
Lieutenant General (later General) Walter Bedell Smith, USA
7 October 1950 - 9 February 1953
Mr. Allen Welsh Dulles
26 February 1953 - 29 November 1961
Mr. John Alex McCone
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THE DEPUTY DIRECTORS OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
Mr. Kingman Douglass
1 February 1946 - 11 July 1946
Brigadier General (later Major General) Edwin Kennedy Wright, USA
July 1946 - 10 March 1949
Mr. William Harding Jackson
2 October 1950 - 3 August 1951
Mr. Allen Welsh Dulles
23 August 1951 - 26 February 1953
Lieutenant General (Later General) Charles Pearre Cabell, USAF
23 April 1953 - 31 January 1962
Lieutenant General Marshall Sylvester Carter, USA
3 April 1962 -
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JOHN ALEX MCCONE
John Alex McCone, the sixth Director of Central Intelligence and the
fourth Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, was designated for
that position by President John F. Kennedy on 27 September 1961. He was
given a recess appointment and sworn into office on 29 November 1961, in
the White House, by the Chief Justice of the United States, Earl Warren.
On 15 January 1962 President Kennedy submitted the nomination of Mr. McCone
to the United States Senate. After a public hearing on 18 January 1962
he was unanimously approved by the Senate Armed Services Committee. On
31 January 1962 his appointment was confirmed by the United States Senate.
President Kennedy, at the swearing-in ceremony on 29 November 1961,
"I want to say what an honor it is and what a pleasure
it is to have Mr. McCone back in the national service.
"This appointment, ... that he was willing to take it,
indicates how important it is, and how important I feel it
is, as well as members of the Government and Members of
Congress believe it to be.
"He has not only the responsibility as Director of CIA,
but also coordinating the work of all the Intelligence
community, and I know that he will give his attention to both
these functions upon which so much of our security depends.
"We want to welcome you here and to say that you are
now living on the bull's eye, and I welcome you to that spot.
On 27 September 1961, at Newport, R. I., the President announced
that he would name Mr. McCone to succeed Mr. Allen W. Dulles as Director
of Central Intelligence and Chairman of the U.S. Intelligence Board. The
President said:
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"We (the President and Mr. Dulles) are both extremely
pleased and satisfied that Mr. John McCone, who has served
his country in important positions of responsibility, as
Undersecretary of the Air Force in the administration of
President Truman, as Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission
in the administration of President Eisenhower, has agreed
to once more come and accept a position of high responsibility.
"He has had broad experience. Coming once again to
Washington represents a real sacrifice for him. I know that
all of us who are concerned with our present responsibilities
are extremely happy to have his counsel, extremely happy to
have him associated with us.
"He will come, in about two weeks, and work with Mr. Dulles,
and in November (1961) will assume the responsibility."
Mr. McCone was born in an Francisco on !t January 1902. His father's
family had been in the mining and machinery business in Nevada and
California since 1860. His mother was the former Margaret Enright, of
San Jose, California. He attended the public schools in Los Angeles.
He was graduated in 1922 from the University of California at Berkeley,
with the B.S. degree in engineering, magna cum laude. Mr. McCone and
Miss Rosemary Cooper of Nez Perce, Idaho, were married on 21 June 1938.
Mr. McCone suffered the loss of his wife, Rosemary, who passed away
suddenly from a heart attack on 6 December 1961, one week after Mr.
McCone formally assumed office.
Mr. McCone and Mrs. Paul Pigott were married in Seattle, Washington,
on 29 August 1962. Mrs. Pigott was the widow of Mr. Paul Pigott, Seattle
industrialist. She and her husband had been life-long friends of the
McCones.
Mr. McCone began his industrial career in 1922 as a riveter in the
boiler shop of the Llewellyn Iron Works in Los Angeles, In subsequent
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years with that firm he worked as surveyor with its construction gangs
and foreman of its steel erector crews, and at the age of 26 he became
construction manager. In 1929, when the Llewellyn firm was merged with
others into the Consolidated Steel Corporation, he joined the new firm
and served successively in various executive positions, including construc-
tion manager, vice president in charge of sales, and (from 1933 on)
executive vice president and director. Among his major projects at
Consolidated was one to provide steel work for the Boulder Dam, being
built for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation by the "Six Companies" consortium.
In 1937 Mr. McCone left the steel business to join Stephen D. Bechtel
in organizing a new engineering firm, the Bechtel-McCone-Parsons Corpora-
tion, in Los Angeles. This firm, later renamed the Bechtel-McCone
Corporation, specialized in the design and construction of petroleum
refineries, processing plants, and power plants for installation through-
out the United States, in South America, and in the Persian Gulf area.
Late in 1939, at the outbreak of war in Europe, with various business
associates, Mr. McCone joined the "Six Companies" group in forming the
Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation. They built merchant ships, first
for the U.S. Maritime Commission and later for the British government.
In the Nation's war production effort during World War II Mr. McCone
and his enterprises participated extensively. He assisted in the estab-
lishment of the California Shipbuilding Corporation, and served as its
president and the general manager of its Terminal Island shipyard at
Los Angeles. It became one of the Nation's principal wartime shipyards
for the construction of cargo vessels, tankers, and troop transports.
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Through the Bechtel-McCone Corporation he built and managed the Air
Force's Modification Center in Birmingham, Ala., where B-24 and B-29
bomber aircraft were specially fitted for combat. Through an affiliate,
Pacific Tankers, Inc., and in cooperation with the Standard Oil Company
of California, he operated an extensive fleet of oil tankers for the
U.S. Navy in the Pacific. He also served as director of the Marinship
Corporation at Sausalito, California, and of the Oregon Shipbuilding
Corporation.
After the war, under Mr. McCone's leadership the Bechtel-McCone
Corporation took over the Joshua Hendy Iron Works at Sunnyvale, Calif.,
producers of heavy machinery and equipment such as ship propulsion
units, reduction gears, and reclamation equipment. Subsequently, under
Mr. McCone's presidency, the Hendy firm (eventually renamed the Joshua
Hendy Corporation) re-directed its efforts to overseas shipping,
particularly the ore-carrying trade in South America and, through its
Pacific Tankers Division, the operation of a fleet of oil tankers in
the Pacific. In another venture, in 19h5, Mr. McCone and his associates
formed the Pacific Far East Line for cargo trade with Japan, the
Philippines, and China.
Mr. McCone has also served on the boards of other enterprises,
including the following: Curtiss-Wright Corporation; Crocker Wheeler
Electrical Manufacturing Company; California Bank of Los Angeles;
Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Company; Industrial Indemnity Company;
Standard Oil Company of California; Western Banking Corporation; Founders
Fire and Marine Insurance Company; and Trans-World Airlines.
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Mr. McCone's official service with the U.S. government dates from
the fall of 1947, when he was appointed by President Harry S. Truman as
a member of the President's Air Policy Commission, of which Thomas K.
Finletter was chairman. In that position Mr. McCone helped to formulate
the military-preparedness aspects of the Commission's report, "Survival
in the Air Age," issued on 1 January 1948. From March to November 1948
he served as Special Deputy to Secretary of Defense James V. Forrestal,
and handled the preparation of the first two budgets of the newly
established Department of Defense. In May 1950 he was appointed Under
Secretary of the Air Force, with special responsibilities for the
aircraft procurement program and the construction of overseas bases,
including the planning of the base complexes at Thule, Greenland, and
in North Africa. Upon his resignation in October 1951 to return to
private life, Mr. McCone was presented the Exceptional Civilian Service
Award, which cited him for his part in the doubling of American military
aircraft production during that critical year of the Korean War.
During President Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration Mr. McCone
served in a number of capacities. In 1954 he was a member of Secretary
of State Dulles's Public Committee on Personnel (the Wriston Committee),
which was concerned with increasing the effectiveness of the career
services of the Department of State, both in Washington and abroad. On
6 June 1958 President Eisenhower nominated him for a five-year term as
a member of the United States Atomic Energy Commission. The nomination
was approved by the U.S. Senate on 9 July, and on 14 July 1958 he took
office and was designated as Chairman of the Commission. He served until
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the close of President Eisenhower's administration in January 1961, when
he resigned to return to private life.
Mr. McCone has participated in a number of civic, philanthropic,
and educational activities. He has been a director of the Stanford
Research Institute, a trustee of the California Institute of Technology,
and a regent of the Loyola University (Los Angeles), and he was one of
the founders and the first president of the Los Angeles World Affairs
Council, established in 1954. In 1955 Pope Pius XII made Mr. McCone a
Knight of St. Gregory, and in 1956 awarded him the Grand Cross of the
Order of St. Sylvester. In March 1956 Mr. McCone served as President
Eisenhower's Personal Representative to the Vatican at the Pope's 80th
birthday celebration, and in 1958, with Secretary of State John Foster
Dulles and Mrs. Clare Boothe Luce, he represented the President at the
funeral of Pope Pius XII.
Mr. McCone has honorary degrees from several universities including
the University of California, Notre Dame University, Fordham University,
Clarkson College of Technology, and the Catholic University of America.
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LIEUTENANT GENERAL MARSHALL SYLVESTER CARTER, U.S. ARMY
Marshall Sylvester Carter, Lieutenant General, United States Army,
became the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence on 3 April 1962.
On 9 March 1962 the White House announced that President John F.
Kennedy had selected General Carter to be Deputy Director of Central
Intelligence, on the recommendation of Mr. McCone, the Director. On
12 March 1962 the President submitted General Carter's nomination, with
the rank of Lieutenant General, to the United States Senate for
confirmation. After public hearing he was approved by the Senate Armed
Services Committee, on 29 March 1962, and was confirmed by the Senate,
on 2 April 1962. On 3 April 1962 he was sworn into office at CIA
Headquarters.
General Carter was born at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, on 16 September
1909, the son of Brig. Gen. and Mrs. C.C. Carter. He was graduated from
the United States Military Academy in 1931, with the Bachelor of Science
degree. In 1936 he received a Master of Science degree from the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. He was graduated in 1940 from the Coast Artillery
School, and in 1950 from the National War College. He was married on
14 July 1934 to Preot Nichols. They have one son and two daughters.
During World War II General Carter served in Panama, in China, and
in the War Department General Staff. In addition, in 1943 he was a member
of the U.S. Delegation to the Cairo Conference of the Four Heads of State.
From July 1.945 to January 1946 he was stationed in the China Theater, first
as Deputy G-5 at U.S. Theater Headquarters, in Chungking, and later as G-5,
in Shanghai. He became Assistant Executive to the Assistant Secretary of
War, in Washington, in January 1946, serving until March 1946.
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From March 1946 to March 1949 General Carter served with General
George C. Marshall, first as special representative in Washington in
General Marshall's China Mission and, from January 1947 on, as special
assistant to Secretary of State Marshall. While at the Department of
State he also served on the U.S. Delegations at the following inter-
national conferences: the Council of Foreign Ministers, in Moscow, 1947;
the Inter-American Conference for Maintenance of Peace and Security, in
Rio de Janeiro, 1947; the General Assembly of the United Nations, in New
York City, 1947, and in Paris, 1948; and the Ninth International
Conference of American States, in Bogota, Colombia, in 1948.
From March to July 1949 General Carter was on duty in London
with American Ambassador Lewis W. Douglas, serving as his Deputy for
Military Assistance Programs for Europe. Concurrently he served
as Deputy Chairman of the European Correlation Committee. In these
capacities he held the personal rank of Minister.
After a year on training and command assignments in 1949-50, in
Washington and Japan, General Carter was transferred to the Department
of Defense, where he served as Executive to Secretary of Defense
George C. Marshall, 1950-51, and to his successor, Secretary Robert A.
Lovett, 1951-52. Subseqently he held the following command positions
in the United States and overseas, from 1952 to 1962:
Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Alaska and 71st
Infantry Division, November 1952-May 1955;
Commanding General, 5th Anti-Aircraft Regional
Command, Fort Sheridan, Illinois, June 1955-June
1956;
Deputy Commander, Anti-Aircraft Artillery Command,
Ent Air Force Base, Colorado Springs, Colorado,
June-November 1956;
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Chief of Staff, Continental Air Defense Command,
Colorado Springs, Colorado, November 1956-
Ieecember 1959;
Chief of Staff, North American Air Defense Command,
Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 1957-
December 1959;
Chief of Staff, Eighth U.S. Army Korea, December
1959-February 1961;
Commanding General, U.S. Army Air Defense Center,
and Commandant, U.S. Army Air Defense School,
Fort Bliss, Texas, March 1961-March 1962.
From Second Lieutenant, on 11 June 1931, General Carter became
a temporary Brigadier General on 8 April 1947 and a Major General
on 21 December 1955, with date of rank from 1 July 1951. On 2 April
1962 he was confirmed by the Senate in the rank of Lieutenant General.
His decorations include the Distinguished Service Medal with Oak Leaf
Cluster, the Legion of Merit with Oak Leaf Cluster, the Bronze Star
Medal, and decorations from the Republic of China and the Netherlands.
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