DONOVAN, MARCUSE, SCHLESINGER, JULIA CHILD & CO.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP84-00499R000100120001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 20, 2005
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: September 24, 1972
• Content Type: NSPR

Approved For,gIease 2t b> 1! llOiQiiC PB4 04 00100120001-2
24SEF1972
iov -an-, i a.rc u Y Schlesinger,Julia
h
(3.333
as
approach of the pohtncal scientist,
provided an excellent overview of the j~
role of OSS during the two-front war ild,,~L? ,~.
against Nazi Germany and imperial Ja
pan. He has woven together the richest and Whitney Shepardson
moved out into
;
The Secret Ilislol-y of Anzer? ea's material from dozens of existing .mem the universities, the foundations, the
Dins,. books and articles about OSS, all ( and corporations, where many of
I7it st Cerrtr?al Intelligence Agency carefully footnoted, but in addition, he banks,
them could be. relied upon to carry water
13,y R. Harris Srrtitli has performed prodigious original-re-- for "the Agency" when asked. Some of
search,. interviewing or corresponding l these names showed up on the boards of
Coll for?riizr. 470 pp. $10.95 with some 150 former members of. OSS, foundations and other CIA conduits two
By D AVID WISE,
many of whom, apparently, could hardly decades later, for. they had not forgotten
stop talking. - the old ties that bind, Tracing the names, 1
The .chapter on the-OSS's dealings with the half-submerged links between the]
I community, and what ,Rich-
Ho Chi Minh is especially illuminating. I
"As is well, known, an OSS medic saved and Rovere- has called. the' American Es-I
WHAT COULD Clark .MacGregor, .Her Ho's life in' 1 1945, and as the. war drew. I tablishment, is what makes Smith's book
bert Marcuse, Arthur Schlesinger-,Jr.,, to,a close, ASS officers maneuvered to sofascinating and valuable..
Jolla Child, Benjamin .Welles,. Pope Paul- aid the Viet Minh against waning. French In a final 'chapter, Smith accurately. Vi, S. Dillon Ripley, Sterling Hayden,- colonial power in Indochina. -It _was: not points out that there were, and are, many`
and David Bruce possibly have in com- to be, for Washington would not allow it;,, liberals, in,, the CIA, but his effort to
mon? Or, for that--matter, John Gardner,' but at least brieflv. the United. States -portray the Agency-as the Virginia chap-
Frank Schoonmaker. the wine connois- was supporting in Vietnam, what Dean''--. ter of the ADA is not entirely convincing; .
seur, SEC chairman William Casey,.. Rusk liked to call. "the.other side." And particularly since' Smith himself argues
Douglass Cater, Henry Ringling North Of- Smith notes that Peter. Dewey,. a. young;; that over the years, "The. Agency's covert {
the circus family, Merian Cooper, direc- OSS colonel, was. the-first American to ? power was consistently exercised on be
for of the film King Kong, John Oakes, die in Vietnam; the' date was September, half of political repression and dictator-
editor of The New York Times editorial 26, 1945.,
ship." And 'Smith notes.that a dynamic
page, and Arthur Goldberg? "Wild Bill" Donovan's OSS, created `wartime secret service may-. lead, in
Answer: all formerly toiled for the Of- with Franklin D. Roosevelt's backing, , peacetime, ".to irreparable disaster."
Tice of Strategic Services, better. known brought together ?what.surely must have --
as the OSS, the World War II cloak-and- been the most diverse group of spies
dagger agency that, for better or worse, ever to- gather under o:ne_eloak,for a
became the forerunner of today's Central - common purpose. Upper=class ...WASPS,
Intelligence Agency. the adenoidalscions.of America's great
To get right to the point, in OSS, R. banking and industrial families,.mingled
Harris Smith, who served briefly as a
research analyst for CIA and then fled with Communists and crooks,-labor - lead-
to become a political scientist in Califon- ens and. professors-there were 'a Tot of
nia, has written the best book about professors---in a bouillabaisse that might
America's first modern secret service. have been whipped -.up by-Mrs. Child
herself.
Others have told of their own exploits in
General William J. Donovan's colorful, And it. is the names-the astonishing
chaotic spy agency; Corey Ford has pro list of names--that form the strength of vided an interesting portrait of Donovan Smith's work, even more than theindi-
himself, and Allen Dulles, in- The Secret vidual episodes of OS5 derring-do or
Surrender, detailed the story of his sue- ' failure. With. the aid of .a special system
cessful negotiations leading to the sur- of footnotes, Smith not only reveals doz-
render of the German army in Italy. But ens of names but tells -us. where they
R. Il'arris Smith has put it.all together,- are now.
and added a great deal more. Some of the OSS operators had found I
No matter that he calls the CIA ''the their life's calling. Smith makes it clear.
that the top echelons of. the CIA, past
most misunderstood bureaucracy of the and present; were. former OSS men, and,
American government," for perhaps scattered through the
Siiiith wto keep his friends who pages they are
wishes p named-Allen Dulles and Rich, Helms; -'
acss. ro
invisibly
toil
! who became directors of CIA, Thomas
t the river th
e
No
ma
ungle
L,
y
"`full" story of OSS cannot be written
unless and until CIA unlocks the war-
,
.,
time tiles of OSS, which it still has squir- Colby, all of whom became station chiefs
releti away out here. I or top officials of the intelligence agency.
For all of that, Smith, combining the! Others with wonderful reversible-names
style of a journalist with the scholarly! like D 4y e s
~__---t Approved For Release z~v~/ ' /~o~ : ~~i~ b 84d& I~2000100120001-2
Karamessines, Larry Houston, Tracyi
Barnes, Lyman Kirkpatrick Jr., John j
Bross
Alfred Ulmer Jr
and William 91
[IS/HC- ..S E(
 SAN DIEGO, rAL.
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1:1 _! IT7
M - 139,739
S - 246,007
AUG 1 51970.
Author Reveals'
;Secret Papers
Open To Public.
By KIP COOPER
Military Affairs Editor
LEAVES CIA
Now a' lecturer iii' political
science at the University of
California, Smith resigned from
the Central Intelligence Agency
in May, 1968 after serving a
year as an analyst.
He said the freewheeling ac-
tivities of the OSS, in which in-
subordination was a way of life,
undoubtedly contributed to
French resistance to the U.S.
Top secret government pa- "The OSS team in Hanoi in
pers are . available to anyone !1945 were anti?colonialistswho'
who wants to read them in the + felt that ITo Chi Mint] deserved
libraries of major universities, iU.S. support," he said. "Some
a former CIA.,, mploye said. i1of the French intelligence
here yester`d`ay in an inter- i . agents there who were snubbed
b e hi h
m
view.
- R. Harris Smith, author of
the newly published book "0SS
- The Secret History of Amer-
ica's First Central Intelligence
Agency," said there are "hun-
dreds of boxes of the stuff" at
Stanford University where he
did some of his research.
He said he saw some docu-
ments he considered so sensi-
tive he suggested they be taken
out of the public files and'prop-
erly guarded.
"An enormous amount of top
secret and secret information
has been deposited in univer-
sity libraries by former cm-
ployes of the government," he
said.
. "You can walk in and read it,
anybody can," he said.
RECENT REPORTS
6
by the UM then eca
officials in the De Gaulle gov-
ernment and they have never'
forgotten the OSS?role there.'.'
Smith said there is a "very
common belief" in Washington
?that French intelligence agents
1"are supporting the North Viet-
Inamese" in the current con-
Smith said much of the mate-
rial was taken by people after,
World War II, but that some of
it is less than 20 years old and
"some of it is very recent."
.
Some of it includes recent CIA
reports on the Chiang Kai-slick
government, he said. -
"They (government employ-.
es) just stuffed the material in:
their cars and took it home
with them," he said. "Later,
they left it with their papers in
bequests to , various univer-
sities. There's a lot of it float
ing around. And it still has top'
scret and secret stamps on,
it." . i
?_ Smith said he used classified
papers from "five very large
bo es" from collections ofJ pa;
;pc in the Stanford University
library:
Some of the collections Smith
credits i is book s sour
y,oraela,(~07/01 : CIA-RDP84-004998000100120001-2
App
"haver, Preston Goodfellow,
Leland Rounds and Milton
 GLENDALE CALIFORNIA NEWS-PRESS
1 August 1972
Approved Forelease 2005/ 7/01 CIA-RDP84-OO49CP001OO12OOO1-2
Top 'secret papers found 'on public library shelves'
... SAN, DIEGO, Calif. (AP) America's First C e r. t r a 1 "An enormous amount of left it with their papers in
An "enormous amount" of top Intelligence Agency," said his top secret and secret in- bequests to various
d
secret and secret government
papers is available to the
general public in libraries of
major universities, says an
author and former employe
'of the Central Intelligence
Agency.
R. Harris Smith, author of
'the recently published "OSS:
4 _ The Secret. History of
research for the book included formation has been deposite
universities. There's a lot of
reading classified papers he - in university libraries - by it floating around. And it still
found at Stanford University. former employes . of the
There are "hundreds of box- government," said Smith, a has top secret and secret
es of the stuff" at Stanford, former analyst for the CIA., stamps- on it."
including some documents so "You can walk in and read Smith said much of the
sensitive that Smith suggested it-anybody can." material he saw dealt with
to university officials they be Government employes "just pre-World War II topics but
removed from the public files stuffed the material in their that some of it was less than
and properly guarded, he said cars and took it home with 20 years old and "some of
Approved For Release 2005/07/01 : CIA-RDP84-00499ROO0100120001-2
 Approved FerrRelease 2005/07/01 : CFA-RDP84-00402000100120001-2
MILWAUKEE, WISC.
JOURNAL'
E - 359,036
S - 537,875
AUG 1 31972
From OSS to CIA:
An Exciting Record
Raises Questions
OSS: The Secret History of Americas . agencies, Smith relates. He
First Central Intelligence Agency. BY notes that during the John-
forniHarris ss Smith. of Cali- son administration's Vietnam
By Bill,Hibbard
of The Journal Staff
THOUGH this book is a
1 history of the Office of
Strategic Services, its most
provocative lines deal with
the C e n t r a I. Intelligence
Agency, lineal descendant of
OSS.
In his. painstakingly docu-
m e n t e d work, R. Harris
Smith concludes that CIA,
despite its penchant for sup-
porting entrenched dictatori-
al, governments, has not yet
-become "the reactionary
monster t he New Left has
created as its straw man."
But he warns:
"Unless the agency leader-
ship makes a determined ef-
fort to renew the OSS pas-
sion for democratic dissent in
yet another generation of
American intelligence offi-
cers, the reality of CIA may
soon coincide with its sinis-
ter image in the intellectual
community."
Through the reign of Allen
Dulles, S m i t h writes, CIA
possessed a strong intellec-
tual ferment of liberals and
conservatives interacting, a
basic tenet in the philosophy
of William (Wild Bill) Dono-
van, founder of OSS. Smith
quotes Robert F. Kennedy as
observing t h a t during the
McCarthy era., CIA became a
liberal refuge and collected
some 'of the best minds in the
country in the process.
And though it has been re-
sponsible for some monumen-
tal mistakes, such as the 13ay
of Pigs disaster, a n d ques-
tionable actions, it h as at
times also produced more ac
buildup, while other agencies
were reporting how well the
' war in Vietnam was going,
CIA reports were pessimistic
and actually antiwar.
In his preface, Smith
makes a plea that certainly
bears heeding:
"For too many years, so-
cial scientists have paid scant
attention to the broad prob-
lem of official secrecy. The
majority of American a6de-
micians may spend hours de-
flouncing t he sinister CIA,
yet not a single university in
the United States fosters a
serious research effort into
the organization and activi-
ties of the 'intelligence com-
munity,' that massive bureau-
cratic conglomerate that has
played such a major role in
our foreign policy.
"That vacuum ought to be
fill e d. The academicians
should f or m- a partnership
with journalists in providing
the American- citizenry with
a reasoned and thoughtful
critique of t he excesses of
clandestine bureaucracy. I of-
fer this book as a first step
toward extending intellectual
responsibility into a new field
of public concern."
Heavily detailed, Smith's
account of OSS organization
and operations may tell the
plain reader more than he
wants to know about this am-
ateur espionage, clandestine
politico-military machine
that, despite shortcomings,
emerged with the respect of
its foreign competition. But
i is fascinating reading for
.anyone who wants to delve.
into these World War II
Drawing upon the nation's
intellectual storehouse, Don-
ovan patched together one of
t he highest powered brain
trusts ever assembled. T he
organization w a s peppered
with, men destined for high
political, professional and ac-
ademic posts, among them
Arthur Schlesinger, Stewart
Alsop, John Gardner, Arthur
Goldberg, Walt Rostow, Da-
vid Bruce, C. Douglas Dillon,
Allen D u 11 e s and. Richard
Helms, the current CIA chief.
Contributors to OSS during
World War II - though not
members were two Asians
named Ho Chi Minh and Mao
Tse-tung, both of whom were
at least partly on our side at
that time.
Smith's book, three years
in the making, helps us un-
derstand h o w complex the
situation was in both China
and Indochina as World War
II ended and why the muddle
has continued.
Despite its massive detail,
this is a readable work, and it
is likely to become the stand-
ard reference work on OSS.
The author is a political sci-
ence lecturer and was briefly
nation's o to omeidgFgm Relhhase2SOS/OaZt9in:ECI DP84-00499R000100120001-2
-~ and in the Orient.
 Approved P'o1' FQ
QdW,WAi"tr4de%"d
By ROGER JELLINEK
OSS. The Secret History of America's First
Central Intelligence Agency. By R. Harris
Smith. Illustrated. 458 Pages. University
of California Press. $10.95.
In 1941 a,British Naval Intelligence offi-
cer' named Ian Fleming recommended to
Gen. William (Wild Bill) Donovan that he
recruit as American intelligence officers
men of "absolute discretion, sobriety, de-
votion to duty, languages, and wide expe-
rience." Donovan, a World War I hero and
successful Wall Street lawyer, understood
.the fantasies of writers and Presidents, and
in a memo to President Roosevelt promised
an International secret service staffed by
young officers who were "calculatingly
Jr., Paul Sweezy, Ralph de Toledano-to '
name just a few of the hundreds in this
.book by R. Harris Smith.
trained ror -'aggressive action;
The Office of Strategic Services came to
Include such James Bonds as John Birch,
Norman 0. Brown, David K. E. Bruce, Dr.
Ralph J. Bunche,' William Bundy, Michael
Burke, Julia Child, Clark Clifford,, John
Kenneth Galbraith, John W. Gardner,
Arthur J. Goldberg and Murray Gurfein.
There were others-Sterling Hayden, Au-
gust Heckscher, Roger 0. Hilsman, Philip
Horton, H. Stuart Hughes, Carl Kayser,
Clark M. MacGregor,' Herbert Marcuse,
Henry Ringling North, Serge Obolensky.
And still others: John Oakes, Walt W.
' Rostow, Elmo Roper, Arthur M. Schlesinger
Mr. Smith, who was in the trade him-
self, resigning in 1968 after a "very brief,
uneventful, and undistinguished associa-
tion with the most misunderstood bureauc-
racy of the American, Government," the
Central Intelligence Agency, now lectures
in political science at the University of
California's Extension Division. "This his-
tory of America's first central Intelligence
agency" is "secret" because Mr. Smith was
denied access to. O.S.S. archives, and so
'had to rely on the existing literature sup-
plemented by some 200 written and verbal
recollections of O.S.S. alumni.
Both Ends Against the Middle
0e 1-2
Japan. Cardinal Montini is now Pope Paul
VI.
O.S.S. agents had to compete as much
with their allies as with their enemies. In
France and Switzerland, were Allen
Dulles operated, the British S.O.E. (Special
Operations ' Executive) . was especially
grudging. In Germany itself, the O.S.S.
lost out to more orthodox American mili-
tary intelligence, though paradoxically
they were strongly represented at Nurem-
berg, where General Donovan was himself
a deputy prosecutor-at the same time-
that the head of the Nazi Secret Service,
Gen. Reinhard Gehlen, was under O. S.
protection in exchange for his intellige ice
From present perspective the most
(literally) intriguing story Is that of the
O.S.S. In China and Indochina. There were
both pro-Communists and anti-Commu-
nists in the O.S.S., and most agents sym-
pathized with Asian nationalists, so that
the O.S.S. aided That partisans against the,
British and of course more famously, the
.Vietminh against the French in Laos and
Vietnam (an O.S.S. medic saved Ho Chi
Minh's life). Mr. Smith's retelling of the
tragicomedy of Indochina after the Japa-
nese surrender In 1945, with Vichy and
Gaullist French, British, Chinese and the
Vietminh jockeying for control, makes a
fascinating setpiece.
The book ends with an account of the
transformation of the O.S.S. Into its "mirror
image," the C.I.A. Mr. Smith's admiration
for the O.S.S.'s wartime pragmatism, its
"tradition of dissent" and its anticolonial-
Ism suggests his thesis: that the O.S.S./
C.I.A. has been made the straw man of
the radical and liberal left. In fact, he
asserts, the C.I.A. has begn the principal
guardian of liberal values in the "intel-
ligence community." He reminds us that
the C.I.A. fought Senator Joseph R. Mc-
Carthy, and he argues that the C.I.A.'s
campaign to fund anti-Communist liberals
successfully undermined International
Communist organizations and disarmed the
paranoid anti-Communism of the F.B.I.
. The book is densely packed with the be- and others at home. He notes that C.I.A.
wildering variety of O.S.S. exploits in liberals worked against Batista for Castro,
World War II: spying, sabotage, prop- who betrayed them, allowing the C.I.A.
aganda, military training missions, poli- conservatives to plan the Bay of Pigs.
ticking and coordinating resistance groups Finally, he points to the evidence in the
against the Germans. "Casablanca" caught Pentagon Papers that the C.I.A. has been a
the spirit of the Byzantine plotting in critic of ,the Vietnam war from the begin-
French North Africa, with the O.S.S. ping.
trying, to undermine the Vichy and German But the question remains whether the
authorities, while various resistance groups O.S.S. "tradition of dissent" is meaningful,
in Italy, Yugoslavia, China and Greece, whether it doesn't compromise liberals as
tried to use the O.S.S. for their own ends. much as aid them. Mr. Smith's book is full
O.S.S. agents played both ends against the of cryptic references to former O.S.S.
middle in the virtual civil wars between agents now prominent in international
conservatives and left-wing partisans. In business and finance. C.I.A. liberalism has
one holy alliance worthy of Graham not prevented a number of C.I.A.-fomented
Greene, the O.S.S. gratefully accepted the coups d'dtat in favor of military regimes.
contribution of Cardinal Giovanni Battista Even C.I.A. liberal criticism of the war
Montini, teamed with Earl Brennan, Amer- in Vietnam seems to have had little ef-
lean politician and diplomat (also friend of ? feet on policy. All might be fair in time
Mussolini and the Canadian Mafia, and of war, but Mr. Smith ought to have
I IS/HC- teered'to collect and pass on firsthand in- : devoted, to clandestine political manipula-
 SECRET (When Filled In)
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=IDENTIFICATION Or DOCUMENT (author, !orm, eddrseeee, title A length)
File of press clippings and reviews of the book: OSS: The
KENT 8 T T
Aug 1972
Secret History of America's First Central Intelligence A enc , ILOCATtONt
STA Y HS/HC-85l
AO/TRACT
Press comments on SMITH's book published by University of California,
Press.
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