FINAL REPORT FROM INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS APPLICATIONS, INC. (ICA)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 111
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 29, 2003
• Sequence Number: 18
• Publication Date: May 24, 1979
• Content Type: MF

24 May 19 79
COINS/099-79
SUBJECT: Final Report from Information & Communications Applications,
Inc. (ICA)
1. Enclosed is a two-part report from ICA entitled Problems
Associated with Accommodating Interactive Hosts in COINS II, dated
10 May 1979. Please convey my thanks to the many individuals in all
of the organizations concerned who provided valuable assistance to ICA
in the development of this report. The main objectives of this report
are to provide managers at all level in the community with:
a. Some basic, factual. information on the current and
future ; a'tus of ii G ixL_s' e UpeY4t:i.O'i5 s ith ii COINS li, includin
the associated pobie.-js,
b. An indepth assessment of the situation as viewed by the
contr::~ctor (1.e., iCA." s i ndiugs and recommendations).
2. Remember, the conclusions and recommendations of this report
do not necessarily represent the views of either the COINS PMO an any
one of the participating agencies. It is recognized that each agency
taking the same set of facts may draw a completely different set of
conclusions and recommendations.
3. As indicated in this report, there is a number of ongoing
activities which could significantly increase the overall usage of
COIN .II. This increase should begin with the connection of NPIC/NDS
and INSA/PROJECTOa to COINS II in FY-80. Further, the COINS PMO, in
cooperation with each of the following agencies, has completed the
first draft of a plan on what would be required to connect its
system to COINS II.
Approved F9 e Ag20g /69J?-r9lPXBp}Ip? 3 005'O1 00100140018-0
FORT GEORCGE G. MEADE, MARYLAND 20755
a.
CIA/ISC
Installation of a TAS in the Information
Science Center (ISC) at CIA School.
b.
NAVINTCOM/NOSIC
Connection of SEAWATCH using a Network
Access System (NAS).
c.
NMIC
Connection of NMIC Support System (NSS)
using a NAS.
Downgrade to UNCLASSIFIED
Upon Removal of Enclosures.
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 Approved FoRlease 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T005700100140018-0
d. STATE/INK Installation of a NAS to.permit INR
terminals to have access to COINS II
and set the stage for connecting State's
Automated Document System (ADS) to COINS
II.
e. NSA/NSOC
f. DOE/LLL
3. The attached report assumes that all of the above organizations
will concur in the first draft report and will be moving toward
establishing a connection to COINS II in the near future. Since none.
of t h - ? xa:[, ~t., t.~+na ha.a vett concurred;, it is di ffj.cu.1Llt for the COINS
PMO to do v 8 op any form of ::-~asingful plans for the future hecnaits? it
takes approximately 18--24 months to connect a system to COINS II once
the host agency and COINS PMO concur in a plan and the necessary resources
are p -cvided.
4. This report indicates what appears to be an alarming, increase
in the number of remote termi is requiring.interactive access to host
systems in COINS II over the next few years. In one respect, the
impact of these figures is mitigated by the fact that COINS, ID}ISC
and PLATFORM do not have an agreed upon set of specifications for a
netwc;: w virtual te:r-lnal (NVT). Therefore, many of the existing
terminals identified in this report can not work with all existing systems
in COINS II (e.g., TTY Model 35's, TTY Model 37's, can not work with
the NSA/SOLIS system). CSC is now under contract to the COINS PMO to
draft a set of specifications for an NVT for consideration by COINS,
IDHSC and PLATFORM.
5. With respect to ICA's Recommendation No. 6, the COINS PMO
currently has FEDSrK under contract to develop a simulation model of
the UNIX-based Terminal Access System (TAS). This effort is aimed
at providing the COINS PMO with an independent assessment of the TAS.
Initial. results are expected in the last quarter of FY-79. However,
at this time, it is believed that the TAS can accommodate in excess
of 32 interactive connections concurrently.
Installation of two TAS's to permit the
64 terminals in NSOC to have on-Aline
access to COINS II. as well as TIDE/PREFACE.
Installation of a TAS to permit terminals
in the intelligence compartments of LLL,
Sandia and Los Alamos to have access to
COINS II and later to connect in a host
processor (i.e., H3000).
6. Tentative thinking is to have this ICA study reviewed and
updated each ye>.r. However, the COINS PMO plans to use this report
to support several. other COINS PMO ongoing efforts. For example:
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 Approved Fo e' e 0 i 01`2 - C(A-RDP83Te057 WO0100140018-0
a. Network Virtual Terminal Specifications ?- A copy,is being
provided to CSC for use in its effort to develop a draft specification
for an NVT to be considered by COINS, IDHSC and PLATFORM. CSC'.e report
is due in the fourth quarter FY-79.
b. Secure Network Communications Subbsyster. (SCCSS) Plan - A
copy is being provided to VanDyke Associates for use, in the preparation
of a long-range plan for the SCNSS for COINS II. This report is due in
the 4th quarter FY-79.
c. Traffic Flow Analysis - A copy is being provided to
Informatics, Inc. to develop some estimates on the number of characters,
packets and interactive connections that can be expected to be handled
into and out of each host, TAS, gateway, front-end, etc. Informatics
already has several years of historical statistical information available
which can be used in developing past traffic flow which can be used to
project traffic flows to be expected in the future.
7. The critical questions each agency should ask itself with
respect to each host and associated FEP, gateway and terminal system
connected to COINS II are:
. a. How many concurrent interactive connections must m+y system
support to service my users?
b. How many concurrent interactive connections can my system
support from COINS II which are in addition to its internal support
requirements..
c. Haw will competition between internal and external users
for scarce resources in the host be resolved?
8. I would appreciate your views on the ICA report, particularly
with respect to its findings and conclusions. I would also appreciate
any corrections, deletions or additions to the basic report that you
may have.
COINS Project Manager
State COINS Subsystem Manager, Mr. William Berry, INR/RCI (1 copy)
NSA COINS Subsystem Manager, Mr.
NPIC COINS Subsystem Manager, Mr
DIA COINS Subsystem Manager, Mr. rs)
Enclosures
a/s
DISTRIBUTION
CIA COINS Subsystem Manager, Mr.
25X1
25X1A
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 U . ULAe`:1t`. -1r 1X JJ .
Approved Fa.Release 2003/10/22: CIA-RDP83T00R000100140018-0
2.0
COINS OVERVIEW
2-1
2.1
COINS I
2-1
2.2
PRESENT COINS (I AND II)
2-4
2.3
FUTURE COINS II
2-9
2.3.1
Calendar Year 1979
2-9
2.3.2
Calendar Year 1980
2-15
2.3.3
Calendar Year 1981
2-26
2.3.4
Calendar Year 1982
2-33
2.3.5
Calendar Year 1983
2-38
3.0
HOST SYSTEMS AND ASSOCIATED FRONT-ENDS
3-1
3.1
SOLIS
3-1
3.1.1
Host System
3-1
3.1.2
Front-End
3-2
3.2
TIPS/RYE, PROJECTOR
3-4
3.2.1
Present Host System
3-4
3.2.2
The Future-PROJECTOR (WINDMILL)
3-6
3.2.3
The Front-Ends, Now and Later
3-6
3.3
TIDE
3-7
3.3.1
The Host-General Remarks
3-7
3.3.2
The ATSS Dual Connection
3-8
3.4
NPIC - IIS, NDS
3-11
3.4.1
Present Integrated Intelligence System
(IIS)
3-11
3.4.2
The IIS Front-End, INI
3-12
3.4.3
The New Data System - NDS
3-12
3.4.4
The Network Access System - NAS
3-15
C-78-2191
I.C. Staff Approved F
May 10. 1979
3/1A2 QnA7
~+.+~ 8 .mil
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
3.5
DIAOLS, DISP
3-15
3.5.1
The DIA On-Line System - DIAOLS
3-15
3.5.2
DISP
3-16
3.5.3
IDHSC
3-16
3.6
SEAWATCH II
3-17
3.6.1
The HOST - General Remarks
3-17
3.6.2
Proposed Front-End (FE)
3-19
3.7
NMIC
3-19
3.7.1
General Remarks
3-19
3.7.2
Proposed Front-End (FE)
3-21
3.8
NSH
3-21
3.8.1
Host System
3-21
4.0
OTHER NETWORK INTERFACES
4-1
4.1
TAS, NAS
4-1
4.1.1
The Present TAS
4-1
4.1.2
The Network Access System - NAS
4-4
4.2
BLACKER
4-5
4.3
NCC
4-8
4.4
TTRF
4-9
4.5
GATEWAYS
4-9
4.6
NETWORK VIRTUAL TERMINAL (NVT)
4-12
5.0
FINDINGS
5-1
5.1
COINS II INTERACTIVE TERMINAL CAPABILITY
5-1
5.2
INTERACTIVE VERSUS BATCH OPERATIONS
5-5
5.3
OPERATING LIMITATIONS
5-6
5.3.1
Concurrent User Capability
5-6
5.3.2
Software Limitations
5-6
I . C . Staf f Approved Fo /1 0100140018-0 0~~ F. . A 'ITT
TT VIT
 UNCLASb-11"IEV~i.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
5.4 BATCH MODE SUPPLEMENT TO INTERACTIVE
ACCESS
5.5 COINS MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS
6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
APPENDIX A SOURCE DOCUMENTATION
APPENDIX B GLOSSARY
C- 8-2 19 1
Approved
Fo g2
I C. Staff MX8
I. C Staff 7
May 10, 1979 tm,
5-7
5-8
 Approved`For9~~173R000100140018-0
2-1 Summary of Host Systems in Present COINS Network 2-8
2-2 Summary of Estimated Interactive Terminals
Requiring Access to COINS by Source Computer-1979 2-11
2-3 Summary of Estimated Interactive Requirements
by Source Networks - GATEWAYS 1979 2-12
2-4 Estimated Concurrent Access Capability of COINS
II Hosts and GATEWAY Facilities - 1979 2-13
2-5 Summary of Estimated Interactive Terminals
Requiring Access to COINS by Source Computer-1980 2-17
2-6 Summary of Estimated Interactive Requirements
by Source Networks - GATEWAYS 1980 2-18
2-7 Estimated Concurrent Access Capability of COINS
II Hosts and GATEWAY Facilities - 1980 2-19
2-8 Summary of Estimated Interactive Terminals
Requiring Access to COINS by Source Computer-1981 2-28
2-9 Summary of Estimated Interactive Requirements
by Source Networks - GATEWAYS 1981 2-29
2-10 Estimated Concurrent Access Capability of COINS
II Hosts and GATEWAY Facilities - 1981 2-30
2-11 Summary of Estimated Interactive Terminals
Requiring Access to COINS by Source Computer-1982 2-35
2-12 Summary of Estimated Interactive Requirements
by Source Networks - GATEWAYS 1982 2-36
2-13 Estimated Concurrent Access Capabilities of COINS
II Hosts and GATEWAY Facilities - 1982 2-37
2-14 Summary of Estimated..Interactive Terminals
Requiring Access to COINS by Source Computer-1983 2-39
2-15 Summary of Estimated Interactive Requirements
by Source Networks - GATEWAYS 1983 2-40
2-16 Estimated Concurrent Access Capability of COINS
II Hosts and Gateway Facilities - 1983 2-41
4-1 Summary of COINS Gateways 4-11
C-78-2191
I.C. Staff
May 10, 1979 Approved F ;-Ce 3 / &jRF
EgD000100140018-0 a ~L1
 UNCLASSIFIED,
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2-1
COINS I Network
2-2
2-2
Present COINS Network
2-6
2-3
COINS Network Calendar Year 1979
2-10
2-4
COINS Network Calendar Year 1980
2-16
2-5
COINS Network Calendar Year 1981
2-27
2-6
COINS Network Calendar Year 1982
2-34
2-7
COINS Network Calendar Year 1983
2-42
3.3-1
Analyst Terminal Support System Dual Connection
3-10
3.4-1
NPIC Data System
3-13
4.1-1
BLACKER Experiment Configuration
4-7
5-1
Comparison of Processing Host Allotted Concurrent
Access Capability, Estimated Interactive
Terminals Requiring Access and Terminals
Requiring Concurrent Access
5-2
5-2
Comparison of the Direction of Flow of Concurrent
Access - COINS Hosts and GATEWAY Facilities
5-4
C-78-2191
I.C. Staff Approved F
--May 10, 1979
It I
LI-MM-T-ay
 LA' 1J'I -
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I.C. Staff
May 10, 1979
 UNCLASSIFIED I .
Approved FRelease 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T002000100140018-0
i
1.0 INTRODUCTION
(U) The Community On-Line Intelligence System (COINS) is progres-
sing through a number of evolutionary changes as technology advances
in the data processing and data communications fields. The Intel-
ligence Community's future requirements are dictating a need for
more interactive host systems. Currently, the NSA/SOLIS (a Bur-
roughs 7700 Computer) system is th.e only interactive system
operating in COINS II.' This is presenting problems for batch mode
terminals in that only agencies in the intelligence community having
a remote terminal on the Terminal Access System (TAS) can access
the SOLIS system.
(U) Some of the Community agencies associated with COINS are
implementing plans to replace their operational batch mode com-
puters with interactive computer systems. Other agencies desiring
access to COINS II are implementing plans for installing Terminal
Access Systems as the front-end system between users of the COINS
II network and its subsidiary application. To meet their future
requirements for accessing COINS I.I, there are other agencies in
the intelligence community that are associated with other networks
and contemplating "GATEWAY" implementation between COINS II and
their specific network.
(U) These Community programmed changes have caused the COINS PMO
to request a study of the problems associated with accommodating
interactive hosts in COINS II. The purpose of this study is to
identify some of the potential problem areas that need to be
addressed and to provide the COINS PMO and other user managers
with information for planning purposes. This report will:
C-78-2191
I . C . Staff Approved F
May 10, 1979
~j3AN fOOO 100140018-0
 Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573ft100140018-0
o Discuss host processors and their methods of
handling interactive operations.
? Project the terminal population capable of
operations in the interactive mode.
? Discuss GATEWAYS and the number of concurrent
interactive connections the COINS PMO should
plan to accommodate.
(U) Section 2 provides an overview of the COINS network and those
intelligence community programs scheduled or projected for imple-
mentation over the next five years. The number of terminals
associated with each of these programs has been included to pro-
ject the growth in terminal population capable of interactive
operations in the COINS II network.
(U) Section 3 presents a brief description of each host system,
existing or future, and its associated front-end processor.
(U) Section 4 provides a brief discussion on three special host
systems.
(U) Section 5 presents the findings of this study.
(U)_ The final section presents ICA's recommendations.
(U) In performing this study, several assumptions were agreed on:
? COINS II will be operating in the Washington,
D.C. area through FY 1985.
? COINS II will have a number of GATEWAYS to a
number of different networks to extend service
outside the Washington, D.C. area.
C-78-2191
1-2
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I.C. Staff71%.f" C1tD 1%
 Approver%s'2Ilg73R000100140018-0
? A number of additional hosts (including
Terminal Access System) will be added to
COINS II over the next six years (through
FY 1985).
? COINS must be capable of handling 10 per-
cent of the total interactive capability
during peak periods or crisis situations.
I.C. Staff
May 10 , 19 79 Approved Fr e
514000100140018-0 11C=IM
 UNCLAS11'iU..
Approved Felease 2003/10/22: CIA-RDP83T00000100140018-0
C-78-2191
I , C . Staff Approved F-TJT3/'IoQ/2gf L~$~.~}A5000100140018-0
May 10, 1979~~'
 Tr CLA 1..11.
Approved FbwKelease 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T009 2000100140018-0
(U) The original COINS Network (COINS I) was designed as a store-
and-forward star-shaped network for intercomputer communications.
COINS I consisted of a set of host computers tied together by
a switch (IBM 360/30 and later a PDP 11/70). Figure 2-1 illus-
trates the basic configuration. The secure communication between
the host computers was via the switch located at the DIA Arlington
Hall Station.
(U) The COINS I Network was accessed via terminals (or peripheral
devices) supported by the host computers of the network. There
was no access other than through'a host computer of COINS I. The
interface between terminal and network was the specific host com-
puter itself.
(U) The network software for COINS I consisted of (1) the network
interface in each host; (2) routing software in the switch; and
(3) data reduction software for the Network Management Information
System (NMIS). The only protocol defined was the set of data
formats and control commands required for transmission to the
switch.
(U) Since each host and their associated terminals were in a
secure location with cleared personnel, access from the network was
assumed by the destination host to have been authorized at the
source.
(U) COINS I operated in a batch mode. A query was submitted and
after an indefinite time period, it was responded to by an answer.
C-78-2191
I I. C . Staff Approved F Qp3/1A/2 ~000100140018-0
May 10, 1979 T=- L~
DAL.
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Figure 2-1. COINS I Network
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The protocol designed for COINS I had the following form:
a The data transmission unit was a segment
of 150 characters.
o A message consisted of up to 350 segments.
e message Types included interrogation, answer,
and a variety of service messages for main-
tenance of control flow.
(U) under the COINS principles of operation, a terminal user of
a host in either COINS or IDHSC I entered an interrogation into
his host system. After verification, the host system constructed
and sent an interrogation message to the switch for subsequent
forwarding to the addressee host. The host also forwarded a re-
ceipt to the user terminal.
CU). The switch, upon receiving the validated interrogation message,
sent a receipt to the host and forwarded the interrogation to the
addressee host. The addressee host also validated the interroga-
tion message and sent a receipt to the switch. The same valida-
tion and receipt procedures were utilized for the answer message
to the interrogation.
(U) Under the COINS i procedures, hosts and switches were instruc-
ted to forward traffic as far as possible in the network even
though the destination host might not have been operating in the
network.
(U). The switch kept certain key information in core and the
message on disk storage until the message had been successfully
transmitted and a receipt received. The amount of core storage
available at the switch for use often became saturated in cases of
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communication line troubles, inactive host facilities, or during
unusually high levels of activity. The software within the switch
would sense that the switch was becoming overloaded, and it
structured an ALARM message and sent it to all host systems.
(U) Because of those procedures, the hosts and the IDHSC I switch
at DIA, (the switch in PACOM was also included), had a capacity to
hold large amounts of "batch" traffic for distant hosts.
2.2 PRESENT COINS (I AND II)
(U) In 1974, an upgrade program was initiated and actions begun to
transform the COINS I store-and-forward network into the COINS II
packet switched network. The COINS II subnet is based on ARPANET
technology. A set of Interface Message Processors (IMP) are inter-
connected via 64 kilobaud channels. Each IMP (Honeywell 316
Computer) is connected to at least two other IMPs in the network.
These IMPs (presently five) perform the following functions:
? Routing of data packets from the remote
source to the remote destination;
? Support up to four local host computers via
a standard host interface;
? Monitoring and diagnosing the condition of
connections to other IMPs and forwarding
diagnostic data to the Network Control
Center (NCC); and
? Down-Line loading of software to the IMPs
on command from the NCC.
(U) Connecting a host computer to an IMP is a complex process that
requires both physical and logical interfaces. The COINS II PMO
has adopted as a policy the technique of using a front-end processor
C-78-2191
I.C. Staff
May 10, 1979
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TT TTT- W
 Approved Felease 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T005R000100140018-0
as an intermediary between a host computer and the IMP to which it
is attached. The front-end processor relieves the host computer of
the burden of executing communications protocols. The COINS
II front-end processor performs the following functions:
Executes the Network Control Program
(NCP) with reference to the IMP (COINS II
SUBNET), and executes the initial connection
protocol (ICP);
r- Executes a procedure which matches its line
and signal characteristics to the line and
signal characteristics of the host input/
output system;
o Performs message reformatting and translation
from one set of requirements to another.
(U) In the COINS II architecture, the term "host computer" does not
necessarily mean a processing system which contains data files or
a process capacity that is accessible via the network. Some of
the COINS II hosts are only network accessing systems. The COINS
f., Terminal Access System (TAS), as an example, is a concentrator for
remote terminals and provides access to the network for those
terminals. It is called a host because it executes all of the
software protocols which a host is expected to execute. However,
the TAS differs from some hosts in that it is attached directly
to the IMP and does not have a front-end processor. Since it
contains the NCP, it gives the appearance of a host to the IMP
to which it is attached.
(U) The COINS network as it exists today is illustrated in Figure
2-2. In this and in other subsequent diagrams,-the following
descriptive elements are utilized:
C-78-2191
I. C. Staff Approved
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May 10, 1979 '1
 00
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Proposed Linkage
,____ Separates COINS I and COINS II
Figure 2-2. Present COINS Network
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 F - CLAS I IED
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A line indicates a communication link.
? The large circle represents the networks.
The very small circles spaced around the
large circle are processing nodes (COINS -
IMPs).
? The other circles as designated indicate
a Front-End Processor (FE or INI) or a
GATEWAY (GWY).
? Host Systems are indicated by rectangles.
The large circle in the center of the diagram represents the
COINS II subnet of IMPs and secure TETRADHEDRON 64 kilobaud links.
(U) Table 2-1 provides information on those COINS hosts that are
shown in Figure 2-2.
(U) At the present time, the current COINS host facilities, as
noted above, are batch oriented systems with one exception, the
NSA SOLIS system. This host can only be interrogated by community
users having a remote CRT terminal on the Terminal Access System
(TAS). The existing TAS facility is located in the COINS PMO and
provides a capability for 32 terminals.
(U) Initially, the TAS was intended to provide remote terminal
service to those organizations that did not have a host operating
in COINS. However, due to the delay in the COINS II/IDHSC connec-
tion, the COINS PMO has offered DIA a contingency plan whereby TAS
terminals will be installed in U&S Commands, Military Departments,
and DIA spaces on an interim basis. These facilities will remain
operational until DIA is able to provide the services through
IDHSC II. The TAS has the necessary software to enable inter-
actions with either batch or conversational hosts.
C-78-2191 Approved For Release 2003/10/22: CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
I.C. Staff
^~
UNCLASSIFIED
May 10,
1979
 Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573RO 0140018-0
Table 2-1. Summary of Host Systems in Present COINS Network
TERMINAL
HOST
APPLICATION/SYSTEM
MODE
SCREEN OR
AGENCY
ACRONYM
HARDWARE
OFOPN
TYPE
NUMBER
LINE ORIENTED
FUNCTION
S-8804
117
Screen
SOLIS
Super
Operations
Bee's
DD7000
NSA
TIPS/RYE
U-494
Batch
MOD-35
(87)
COINS/up-
NPIC
ITS
U-494
Batch/
Sanders
67
Line/Screen
dating files
Accessing (Batch
Interactive
804
Oriented
only) COINS/
DIA
DIAOLS
H-635
Batch/
MOD 35
MOD-37
100
100
Line Oriented
internal
operations
Accessing COINS,
NSA
TAS
POP 11/70
Interactive
Batch/
MOD-40
32
Screen
IDHSC/internal
operations
Accessing COINS
COINS PMO
Interactive
Hosts
COINS PMO
NSH
POP 11/70
Batch/
Screen
TAS/USISS/
Interactive
NUISS/TTRF
C-78-2191
I.C. Staff
'May 10, 1979
Store-forward TIPS/RYE
switch in other IDHSC
COINS I scions connect-
operations a point-to-
circuits
Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
U ' [t-f :T
COMMENTS
finals do not
?ss COINS II
?ibnet by INI,
h translates
ten COINS I
COINS II
4 804s
fitted to
ss COINS II.
rfaces COINS
:bnet by INI.
;active
oility for
rnal terminal
ides user
ianagement
stance in
MOD-33 2 Line Oriented Acts as the 9cts, analyzes {
control point -presents COINS
for the COINS etwork perform
II Network data
 TT A IFU I)
Approver Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83173R000100140018-0
2.3 FUTURE COINS II
2.3.1 Calendar Year 1979
(U) There are significant programs in the community that are
scheduled for implementation in 1979. These programs will increase
the growth in the number of remote terminals capable of accessing
COINS II in an interactive mode and are briefly discussed below.
Figure 2-3 depicts the COINS Network and host at the end of calendar
year 1979. A summary of the estimated number of interactive
terminals requiring access, and interactive access requirements by
interfacing networks to the COINS II Network in 1979 are shown in
Tables 2-2 and 2-3. Table 2-4 provides the COINS II capability of
accommodating concurrent interactive users.
2.3.1.1 TAS
(U) The existing Terminal Access System has been modified to
provide a capability of 32 terminals. Installation of the addi-
tional 16 remote terminal facilities has begun and is expected to
be completed and operational by the end of the second quarter of
1979. Plans now exist to increase the terminal capability to
48 terminals. By the end of FY 80, the TAS should accommodate 64
terminals.
2.3.1.2 IDHS Interface
(U) During the second quarter of calendar year 1979, the inter-
.face between the COINS IMP at Arlington Hall Station and the IDHS
node is to be completed. This will allow COINS II--IDHS I inter-
action through the IMP using the IDHSC switch (PDP 11/70) at DIA.
Initially this interaction will continue to be in a batch mode
using the process-to-process protocol from COINS I operations.
C-78-2191 Approved F
I.C. Staff
May 10, 1979
2-9
X3/1, 3W?=ELIf'M PRY 000100140018-0
 Figure 2-3. COINS Network Calendar Year 1979
Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
Batch or Interactive Mode
------ Batch Mode Only
-?-? Interactive Mode Only
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 T7NCLASSIFiLll
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Table 2-2. Summary of Estimated Interactive Terminals
Requiring Access to COINS by Source Computer -
1979
Terminals
Available
Terminals
'Requiring Access
Concurrent
Terminal Access
Requirements
NSA SOLIS
110
0
0
COINS TAS
32
32
6
CINCPAC TAS
16
16
3
NSH
16
16
3
Note: In estimating terminal access requirements, it was assumed
that 10% of the terminals associated with a host (having
process capability) would have a requirement to access COINS
II. It was further assumed that 20% of that 10% would re-
quire concurrent access to COINS II. In the case of the
TAS type host, it was assumed that 20% of the terminals
attached would require concurrent access.
C-78-2191
I . C . Staff Approved F~3/'yQ/2~4A.~RRP.T
May 10, 1979 ",..! :5 Y[
 Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573R000'100140018-0
Table 2-3. Summary of Estimated Interactive Requirements
by Source Networks - GATEWAYS 1979
No. of Terminals
No. of Terminals Requiring GATEWAY Concurrent
Source Network Requiring Access Concurrent Access Access Capability
ARPANET/COINS 16 3 20
Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
C-78-2191
.I.C. Staff T T . A CZQ.,, P
 ApprovedLor Release Z001I10/2 -R 3T 73R000100140018-0
Table 2-4. Estimated Concurrent Access Capability
of COINS II Hosts and Gateway Facilities -
1979
(Host/Csateway)_
NSA SOLIS
COINS/ARPANET
COINS TAS
Both Ways
To COINS Only
From COINS Only
0
0
10
0
20
0
0
32
0
0
32
0
2-13
n-78-2191 r- -ter,
4 '1 1 CM
C. S t of f Approved For Release (Q (0,27 ; CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0 ^ tau
.Play 10, 1979 x. .;
 k'-
T00573R00140018-0
(U) The DODIIS users will not be able to access an interactive
system such as SOLIS until subsequent software improvements have
been made in 1980. These software improvements will allow communi-
cations between the two networks in both batch and interactive
modes.
2.3.1.3 COINS II/ARPANET CINCPAC Test
(U) The COINS/ARPANET test is also programmed to be initiated
during the first quarter 1979. This test will involve linking the
COINS II network in the Washington, D.G. area to CINCPAC using the
existing ARPANET as a bridge. The existing ARPANET IMP at
NSA will be connected to a COINS IMP at NSA via two inter-
mediary devices: a Private Line Interface (PLI) and a "GATE-
WAY." The PLI performs text encryption and decryption between
COINS and ARPANET, the GATEWAY performs the required internet-
work address translations. A TAS and the necessary software are
being installed at CINCPAC and the TAS will be connected to an
ARPANET Terminal Interface Processor (TIP) in place at CINCPAC
via a PLI. For this initial test there will only be six MODEL
40 terminals associated with the TAS. These terminals will be
located in the various service intelligence centers in Hawaii.
It is anticipated that a full complement of terminals (16) will
be added to the CINPAC TAS by the end of calendar year 1979.
2.3.1.4 ATSS Verification Test
Approved For Relet" (1jajZ2 ?,,
(U) The NSA Analytic Terminal Support System (ATSS) is one that
supports the analytical elements in the NSOC, DEFSMAC, COC, DFAC,
and other time-sensitive operations. ATSS is one of a number of
"systems" that-are interfaced to TIDE, basically a UNIVAC 494,
which is the main time-sensitive systems processor, and which is
undergoing various upgrades. TIDE manages the input and output,
and does data processing and terminal support for the various
C-78-2191
T.C. Staff
May 10 , 1979
Approved For Rele %
22: CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
C=M
 U ' LA 1.i'lED
Approved.or Release 2003/1.0/22 : CIA-RDP83TW73R000100140018-0
interfaced systems including ATSS clusters (TPU's); all in support
of analytical, field, and user elements. ATSS is the main terminal
system on TIDE. ATSS also operates with various forms of communi-
cations, including informal OPSCOMMS, and performs minimal data
processing. There are now 12 ATSS clusters (TPUs) operating,
supporting some 82 AUTOTERM CRTs in NSOC, DEFSMAC, COC, BROF, DFAC,
AUTOLINE, and in one center remote from the NSA HQ building.
(U) The COINS PMO and the NSA V-Group have developed plans for
dual connecting the ATSS Terminal Processing Units (TPUs) to both
TIDE and COINS II. Verification tests are to be conducted in
May 1979, or soon thereafter, utilizing one cluster (TPU) of 8
AUTOTERM 20 series CRT display devices in the NSOC. The TPU
controlling this cluster of CRTs will be interfaced to the Network
Service Host (NSH) located in the COINS PMO area. The connection
to COINS will be via the NSH thus allowing that cluster of terminals
access to all resources of the COINS II network. The number of
remote terminals associated with the NSH will be increased to 16.
2.3.2 Calendar Year 1980
(U) Several programs to replace some existing batch retrieval
systems at NSA and NPIC with interactive systems are scheduled for
implementation. These programs, along with others that will expand
the number of remote terminals capable of operating interactively
with host systems in COINS II, are discussed below. Figure 2-4
depicts the COINS Network at the end of 1980. Table 2-5 provides
a summary of the estimated interactive terminals requiring access
to COINS II network by source computer at the end of the calendar
year 1980. Table 2-6 provides a summary of estimated interactive
access requirements by interfacing networks. Table 2-7 provides
the COINS II capability of accommodating concurrent interactive
users.
2-15
C-78-2191
I.C. Staff Approved
May 10, 1979
'T?9 j 000100140018-0
^ 1ffL1
 Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
PACOM
TAS
LLL
TAS
NOSC
TAS
Figure 2-4. COINS Network Calendar Year 1980
PROJECTOR
BLACKER
TAS
COINS
TAS
ATSS
TAS
ATSS
TAS
Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
 25X1 Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
 Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573R000tO0140018-0
Table 2-6. Summary of Estimated Interactive Requirements
by Source Networks - GATEWAYS 1980
No. of Terminals
No. of Terminals
Requiring
GATEWAY Concurrent
Source Network
Requiring Access
Concurrent Access
Access-Capability
ARPANET/COINS
96
19
20
DODIIS(IDHSC)/COINS
:170
17
25
C-78-2191
I.C. Staff
2-18
Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
U NT . A(PRT-PTPT-%
 Approved r Rele
Table 2-7. Estimated Concurrent Access Capability
of COINS II Hosts and Gateway Facilities -
1980
Source
CONCURRENT ACCESS CAPABILITY
("Host/Gateway) Both Ways To C
OINS Only From COINS Oniy
NSA WINDMILL
32
NPIC NDS
42
COINS T%S
NSH
32
TTRF
32
ATSS TAS
32
ATSS TAS
32
COINS/ARPANET
20
DODIIS(IDHSCII)/COINS
_
25
106
173
2-19
,(--78-2191
-~~
c. Staff Approved For Release ~M'A,310-2 r^CIA P33 0573R000100140018-0 _EEu
,ay 10, 1979
 AV~MM
Approved For Release 200 1' 22 CIA-RI ' 00573R0cA0140018-0
2.3.2.1 NPIC NDS
(U) During February 1980, the NPIC Data System (NDS) will be fully
integrated into the COINS II network. This system, which has an
interactive as well as a batch mode'capability, would replace the
present IIS System. The NDS will utilize the UNIVAC 1100/44 system
with four processors, two input/output access units and four Commu-
nications Symbiont Processors (C/SP). There will be 476 Delta Data
CRTs and several other terminal-like facilities attached to this
system. The NDS-will be interfaced to the COINS II network through
a front-end device called a Network Access System (NAS). It will
consist of a PDP 11/70, which will dynamically control the number
of queries in the NDS system. The current plans provide for a
maximum of 42 NDS/CO:ENS connections as follows:
0 COINS users interactively accessing NDS
o NDS users accessing COINS through the NAS
COINS users accessing NDS in batch mode
(one logical connection can handle all
such traffic)
2.3.2.2 SOLIS/PROJECTOR And WINDMILL
(U) The NSA DDT organization is currently implementing plans to
remove the RYE files from their existing host (TIPS/RYE) and to
relocate to the existing SOLIS host machine, a B7700 called WINDMILL.
The project name for this action is PROJECTOR. The resultant
application will also be called PROJECTOR. The existing SOLIS
application will continue to reside in WINDMILL and will only
allow 10 concurrent COINS interactive transactions. The PROJECTOR
application allows 32 concurrent COINS interactive transactions
and is expected to be operational by the fourth quarter,'1979.
(U) The COINS PMO has proposed to interface the two applications
on the WINDMILL host to COINS II and to interface the PLATFORM
C--78-2191
I.C. Staff
nay 10, 1979
J T% 71
rred o I elease,,"2603/10/ 2: IA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
 ApproveIar Release 2003/10/22: CIA-RDP837Ud673R000100140018-0
network* to the two WINDMILL applications. WINDMILL will interface
COINS II through a Network Access System (NAS), which is logically
and physically connected to a COINS II IMP on the network side and
to a Special Peripheral Control on the host side. The PLATFORM
network will be physically and logically interfaced to the two
WINDMILL applications through a PLATFORM IMP, a standard PLATFORM
front-end (PDP-11/34), and a Special Peripheral Control. PLATFORM
user terminals can access either application on the WINDMILL host.
The WINDMILL terminals will also be allowed to access the PLATFORM
network. The COINS PMO estimates that the PLATFORM linkage to the
WINDMILL systems could be operational by the end of 1979. The non-
NSA terminals will not have access to PLATFORM.
2.3.2.3 PACOM TAS Upgrade
(U) The TAS in Hawaii that is linking the COINS II Network to the
Commander-In-Chief Pacific (CINCPAC) HQ through the existing
ARPANET will be modified. It is estimated by COINS PMO that this
TAS will be expanded to a 32 terminal system. This will provide
the additional capability needed for expanded services in the
Pacific Command Intelligence Community.
(U) The NSA program to expand and improve the ATSS-40 program will
be completed and the COINS PMO/V-Group plans for dual connecting of
the ATSS Terminal Processing Units (TPUs) both TIDE and COINS II
will be implemented through the installation of two TAS facilities
PLATFORM is an internal NSA packet switch network that utilized
ARPA technology.
2-21
C-78-2191
.C. Staff Approved 0A18000100140018-0
LCLj
D,;-ay 101 1979 UTM0.1 _U -
 Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573RO 0140018-0
in the NSOC operating area. Eight TPUs, each supporting eight
AUTOTERM CRTs, will be interfaced to each TAS, thus providing 64
AUTOTERM CRTs with the capability of accessing either TIDE or
COINS.
2.3.2.5 Additional TAS Installations
(U) Several organizations within the intelligence community have
expressed desires to interface the COINS II network. They are
considering the installation of a Terminal Access System (TAS)
with a full complement of 32 terminals. The COINS PMO cannot
predict which of these organizations will install TASs during
calendar years 1980 and 1981, but for the purpose of this study,
we have selected two organizations for each year.
2.3.2.5.1 Lawrence Livermore Laboratories (LLL)
(U) Lawrence Livermore Laboratories (LLL) in California is consid-
ering methods of interfacing a TAS into COINS. If the COINS/ARPANET
Test with CINCPAC is successful, they will probably exploit this
method. It would involve the installation of a Private Line Inter-
face (PLI) to connect the newly installed TAS to the ARPANET IMP
that is operational at Livermore. This TAS would be used to
support remote terminals located in intelligence tanks at Sandia,
Los Alamos, and Livermore. In addition there is the possibility
that the TAS will become a NAS to permit the integration of a
host processer at LLL (HP 3000). The PLI would perform the text
encryption and decryption between COINS and the ARPANET, the GATE-
WAY, that was installed at NSA for the CINCPAC test, would perform
the required internetwork protocol translations. This would pro-
vide LLL with 32 terminals capable of interactive or batch mode
operations in the COINS II.
C-78-2191
I.C. Staff
,14,
_iv 1 n 1 Q 70
2-22
Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
TA T. ; ST ? T
0
r-n ~
 2.3.2.5.2 Naval Ocean System Center (NOSC)
(U) Naval Ocean System Center (NOSC) in San Diego is also intensely
viewing the COINS II/ARPANET CINCPAC Test. They presently have
a Private Line Interface installed and operational through the
ARPANET to a parent organization. They have also indicated to
the COINS PMO that a PDP-11/70 system is planned for installation.
Although these equipments are intended for other usages, they
could be utilized in a dual configuration, one of which would
be a TAS accessing COINS II via the ARPANET/COINS II GATEWAY.
Dual use of the PDP-11/70, the PLI and the IMP at NOSC would
provide an additional 32 remote terminals capable of accessing
COINS II.
(U) The Network Service Host (NSH) (a PDP 11/70) Computer currently
houses four major applications of COINS, three of which are not
active.
? Technology Transfer Research Facility (TTRF)
? Network Usage Information Subsystem (NUISS)
? User Support Information Subsystem (USISS)
? Network Monitoring Subsystem (NMSS)
C-78-2.191
I.C. Staff
-May 10, 1979
UNCLASSIFIED
During calendar year 1980, the COINS PMO is planning to .move
the TTRF subsystem from the NSH into a PDP 11/70 computer system
of its own. Plans have been developed and negotiations are pro-
ceeding to relocate the TTRF facility into one of the community
intelligence schools., The TTRF, as a separate facility, will be
interfaced to the COINS II network and will add an additional 32
remote terminals to the existing population that is capable of
accessing COINS in an interactive mode.
 0
(U) During calendar years 1979-1980,. the Network Usage Information
subsystem will be transferred from the IBM 370 and RYE computers
to the NSH. The NUISS maintains a centralized repository for
management data by processing incoming update data; by retrieving
information for managers in-response to queries, and by providing
special one-time analyses of data stored in its data base. It
collects and integrates logging data from each of the COINS sub-
systems using a file transfer protocol for some hosts and tapes
for the other hosts, and it provides tabulations on usage, opera-
ting performance, responsiveness and reliability. The data base is
used to provide periodic quality control and gross performance/
usage parameters to the COINS Project Management Office (PMO).
This data is used for the day-to-day and long-term management of
the network.
(U) Subsequent to the relocation of the TTRF, the COINS PMO has
plans for developing a Network Monitoring Subsystem (NMSS). It is
a replica of the ARPA Network Control Center Computer System. It ;-:,
monitors the entire Network, including communications circuits,
in near real time, as observed and reported by the IMPs to-the
NMSS. The current NMSS is installed on a Honeywell 316 computer
attached to an IMP at NSA. Like its NCC counterpart in the
ARPANET, it receives performance data from all network IMPs on
a timed periodic basis and prepares reports of communication
network status that are printed on-line on the NMSS Teletype.
Its program also receives diagnostic data from the network and
produces reports on the NMSS Teletype., The NMSS proposed for
the COINS PMO will expand-.to include information concerning
Front-Ends, Gateways, Hosts and in some cases terminal usage.
It will be developed on the NSH and will require the use of a
File Transfer Protocol to forward the data for processing.
 U IVULA"E1001r 1JJu
Approved Release 2003/10/22: CIA-RDP83TON 3R000100140018-0
(U) The User Support Information Subsystem will also be developed
for on-line access to reference the advisory material about COINS
II and its procedures. The USISS data base and a set of mechanisms
for accessing it will be used as a training vehicle for prospec-
tive users of COINS.
(U) The NSH with its three subsystems will expand its capability
from 16 to 32 terminals that are capable of accessing COINS II in
an interactive mode. The number of ports on the TAS and NSH are
being increased to 48 by the end of FY 79 and will probably be
increased to 64 by the end of FY 80. ..
2.3.2.7 IDHSC II/COINS II GATEWAY
(U) The physical connection between the COINS IMP at Arlington
Hall station and the IDHS node will be completed during calendar
year 1979. This will allow interaction in a batch mode using the
process-to-process protocol from COINS I operations. During calen-
dar year 1980, DIA and the COINS PMO plan to complete the logical
connection. When completed, this software linkage will allow
COINS-IDHS interaction through the Arlington Hall Station IMP.
Communication between the two networks will allow both batch and
interactive modes of operations.
(U) The DIA has estimated that the DODIIS will have a requirement
for 500 terminals (MOD 37 or 1632 CRTs) to access COINS II. They
further estimate that a capability for 50 concurrent connections
into COINS II will be required.
2.3.2.8 Project BLACKER
(u) The COINS PMO has volunteered the network for conducting an
NSA R&D experimental project called BLACKER. This project will
investigate COMSEC techniques and equipment which will authenticate
C-78-2191
I.C. Staff
`-May 10, 1979
App roved r a3eL2( 1
kpf8
R000100140018-0 - m
 Approved For Re,e 2003/10/22: CIA-RDP83T00573R0e 00140018-0
terminal-to-terminal, host-to-host, or any combination thereof,
and if authorized by access control mechanism, will establish a
secure communications path for them to operate.
(U) The NSA SOLIS and the NPIC NDS are the two COINS II hosts that
will be involved in this experiment. A BLACKER TAS with six
terminals will be installed in the COINS PMO area. BLACKER
Front-End Processors (FEPs) for SOLIS (WINDMILL host) and NDS
will be installed in the respective host areas.
(U) The. BLACKER experiment was originally scheduled for operation
concurrently with the NDS and the WINDMILL (SOLIS/PROJECTOR) hosts'
implementation. However, the project has been delayed and is not
expected to complete the first phase of testing before the December
1980 time frame.
2.3.3 Calendar Year 1981
(U) The COINS PMO has considered several programs for implementa-
tion during this period. Among those are the PLATFORM/COINS II
GATEWAY. These programs will expand the number of remote terminals
capable of operating interactively with host systems in COINS II
and are briefly discussed below. Figure 2-5 depicts the COINS
network at the end of 1981. Table 2-8 provides a summary of the
estimated interactive terminals requiring access to the COINS II
network by source computer at the end of calendar year 1981. Table
2-9 provides a summary of the estimated interactive access require-
ments by interfacing networks. Table 2-10 provides the COINS II
capability of accommodating concurrent interactive users.
2.3.3.1 ISC TAS
(U) The CIA Information Science Center (ISC), which is a classroom
facility for training intelligence personnel, is considering
alternatives developed-by the COINS PMO for interfacing their
C-78-2191
I.C. Staff
Mme:r 1 n 1 Q 70
2-26
Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
T CL.. I IE
cm C=m
^lSl1
 771,
w H i~ Approved For Release 2003/10/22 CIA-RDP83T00573R000 00140018-0
co
I
'Sc
TAS
LLL
TAS
ADS/INR
TAS
NOSC
TAS
(IDHSC)
Figure 2-5. COINS Network Calendar Year 1981
COINS
TAS
ATSS
TAS
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 25X1 Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
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 Approved I& Release 2 03/ LIA CIA-RDP83T09W000100 X18
Ir 0:
PDP 11/45 system into the COINS II network. This PDP 11/45 is
currently their data processing system and will require modifi-
cation. When reconfigured it would not be used solely as a COINS
TAS but would be used in a dual capacity. The PDP 11/45 in the
proposed configuration as a TAS will have a capability of 16 remote
terminals accessing the network in an interactive mode.
(U) The Intelligence and Research Division (INR) of the State
Department has expressed a desire to significantly increase their
access to COINS from 3 to 16 terminals. The method for achieving
this increase would be through the installation of a COINS II
Terminal Access System (TAS) at State in late FY-80 or in early
FY-81 with 16 remote terminals on a PDP 11/45 provided by State in
FY-80. Tentative plans for connecting this TAS to the COINS II
network are to use the MBB IMP at State. A study concerning this
connection is now being prepared for the COINS PMO in cooperation
with the Department of State. The goal is that INR terminals on
the TAS can access both COINS II and State Department's own
Automated Document System (ADS) from a single terminal. It is
anticipated that once this TAS becomes operational, then the three
terminals in State/INR which are presently connected to the COINS
PMO TAS would be dropped. This would make three more ports and
terminals on the COINS PMO's TAS available for redeployment in FY
(U) The Intelligence Community in the Washingotn D.C. area has'
expressed a.desire to have the capability to access the State
Cables in the Automated Document System (ADS) on-line via COINS II.
As a result, the COINS PMO, in cooperation with the State Depart-
ment has a study prepared on how to achieve this interconnection.
This study was entitled "State Department's Automated Document
System as a COINS II Host" and was dated August 3, 1976, but it
C-78-2191
I.C. Staff
Approved F r e 0301~~1>
May 10, 1979
~.~.~
 TJNULAtSt51k'1ED
Approved For ReVe 2003/10/22: CIA-RDP83T00573RV 00140018-0
needs to be updated before any action along this line is initiated.
However, before updating this study, the Department of State needs
to resolve these issues:
a Policy issue as to whether or not State Depart-
ment will permit the intelligence community in
the Washington, D.C. area to have direct on-line-
access to ADS. (Note State. Department is already
providing many intelligence agencies in the Wash-
ington, D.C. area with copies of selected State
cables each day.)
e Privacy issue as ADS contains information
on U.S. citizens. (Note this may not be an
issue as ADS has been registered by the State
Department.)
o Security issue as ADS operates at the TS level
and COINS II operates at TS SI/TK level.
2.3.3.3. PLATFORM/COINS II GATEWAY
(U) PLATFORM is an internal NSA packet switch network that uti-
lizes ARPANET technology. Although the network was discretely
interfaced in a server mode in 1979 to the WINDMILL host, the NSA
DDT has expressed a desire to interface the COINS II network in a
full user/server mode with adequate security features to protect
the PLATFORM network. They stipulated a capability for 25 simul-
taneous interactive transactions. This interface, as in the case
of the WINDMILL linkage, would be uni-directional (PLATFORM ter-
minals accessing COINS II host only). This connection, when
implemented, will add to the existing populations of terminals
capable of accessing COINS II in an interactive mode.
C-78-2191
I.C. Staff
Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
l i f ,T , A RSTFT 1fl
H-1
 Approved Ref s C'COf2 - STFIE 00140.018-0
(U) the COINS PMO has projected certain programs in the community
that are candidates for accessing COINS II during this period.
These programs if implemented will add to the terminal popula-
tion of remote terminals capable of accessing COINS II in an
interactive mode and are briefly discussed below. Figure 2-6 de-
picts the COINS network at the end of 1982. Table 2-11 provides
a summary of the estimated interactive terminals requiring access
to the COINS II network by source computer at the end of the 1982
calendar year. Table 2-12 provides a summary of the estimated
interactive access requirements by interfacing networks. Table 2-13
illustrates COINS II capability of accommodating concurrent inter-
active users.
(U) The National Military Intelligence Center (NMIC) has stated a
requirement for their analysts to access the COINS II hosts. The
COINS PMO in his projection has estimated an early calendar year
1983 for an operational capability. The interfacing of NMIC into
COINS (uni-directional'.) will increase the terminal population
capable of interactive transactions by 20.
2.3.4.2 SEAWATCH II
(U) The Naval Ocean Surveillance Information Center (NOSIC) has
approached the COINS PMO on interfacing its SEAWATCH Host system
into COINS IrI. There are 51 terminals associated with this host
system that would access the network in an interactive mode. Plans
for alternative methods of accessing the network are currently being
developed.
C-78-2191
jtT~
3/ / 000100140018-0
L I . C. Staff Approved F
May 10, 1979 .j J-
 Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
PACOM
TAS
ADS/INR
TAS
NOSC
TAS
ISC
TAS
BLACKER
TAS
AUTODINII
(IDHSC),
Figure 2-6. COINS Network Calendar Year 1982
COINS
TAS
ATSS
TAS
ATSS
TAS
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 Approved For R e 2003/10/22: CIA-RDP83T00573R 100140018-0
n P. 41 7%
Liam
2.3.4.3 DODIIS
(U) The DIA has queried the COINS PMO on the possibility of install-
ing a Terminal Access System (TAS) at Arlington Hall Station to
access the COINS II network. Activation of this additional TAS
would add 32 more terminals to the growing population of terminals
capable of interactive transactions in the COINS II Network.
2.3.5 Calendar Year 1983
(U) Three other programs have been considered by the COINS PMO in
his five-year projection. They are discussed below. Details on
how these large programs will interface the COINS II network have
not been developed at this time. However, when details are known,
studies will be accomplished to obtain alternatives. Table 2-14
and 2-15 provide a summary of the estimated interactive terminals
requiring access to the COINS II network by source computer and
a summary of the estimated interactive access required by inter-
facing networks. Table 2-16 provides an estimate of the COINS II
capability of accommodating concurrent interactive users. Figure
2-7 projects those host/terminals facilities in the COINS II net-
work at the end of 1983.
2.3.5.1 IAIPS
(U) Naval Intelligence Command (NAVINTCOMJ is'developing a future
program for an Integrated Automated Intelligence Processing
System. In stating their requirements, they have indicated
that they plan to utilize several of the COINS II software
packages. In addition they desire a tie-in to the COINS II
2- 38
C-78-2191
I.C. Staff
gay 10, 1979
ttQA1 Of00573R000100140018-0
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 SEAWATCH
II
STD
,FE
AUTODIN
II
PACOM
TAS
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ADS/INR
TAS
NOSC
TAS
'Sc
TAS
PLATO
(ISC )
COINS
TAS
ATSS
TAS
ATSS
TAS
DIA
TAS
(IDHSC) I '-- I (DIS)
Figure 2-7. COINS Network Calendar Year.1983
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PLATO
(NCS)
BLACKER
TAS
 Approved ~R000100140018-0
Network. Since a detailed study on the alternatives for inter-
facing COINS II has not been accomplished, we can only project that
IAIPS, when implemented will probably have a capability of 32
terminals accessing the COINS II network in an interactive mode.
2.3.5.2 SAFE Project
(U) The Support for the Analysts' File Environment (SAFE) project
is a joint CIA and DIA program. The SAFE computer system(s) will
be an information system(s) to support the needs of the production
analysts and users in the CIA and DIA. It will be a dedicated on-
line system that will provide:
o Faster distribution of incoming intelligence
o Improved mechanism for retrieval from central
and personal. electrical and hard copy files.
o Procedures for composing and coordinating
intelligence information.
o 'Indirect access to other intelligence community
and commercially available computer systems.
a Reduced paper usage, handling time and document
The SAFE system users (analysts) will be provided with a terminal
position (a visual display unit with some form of print-out device)
to accomplish their work.
(U) The November 3, 1978, SAFE Management Plan Revision indicates
an initial operational capability for SAFE users in late 1982 with
a full operational capability in 1985. The stated requirements
indicated 1275 terminals for CIA with 600 concurrent users access-
ing the SAFE system. DIA and U&S Commands have indicated a requir2-
ment for 300 terminals at the initial operating capability and
C-78-2191
L I.C. Staff -
May 10 , 19 79 Approved s Op 0 3 000100140018-0 11M
 Approve e 2 03/10/22: CIA-RDP83T00573R~100140018-0
1000 terminals at the full operating capability. The total system
terminal population is expected to be 2275.
(U) In stating their requirement for accessing other intelligence
community hosts, the DIA has listed COINS II as one of the networks
they desire to interface. The number of concurrent users desiring
access is unknown at this time. In contrast, CIA has not expressed
a desire to interface external networks.
2.3.5.3 PLATO
(U) The Programmed Learning and Teaching Operations (PLATO) is
being considered by the COINS PMO. The Foundation for Advanced
Research (FAR) is under contract to do a cost benefit analysis along
with a detailed study on what will be entailed in bringing a copy
of PLATO system into COINS.
PLATO is a computer based instructional system developed at the
University of Illinois. It displays individualized-instructional
materials on the terminal screen in the form of text, numbers,
drawings and animated graphics and will allow students to inter-
act with lessons through the terminal keyboard. The COINS PMO
feels that a PLATO system in COINS could enable the schools and
training facilities of the intelligence community to provide
classified courses, share teaching resources and instructional
materials.
(U) The PLATO utilizes the Control Data Cyber 170, 70 or 6000
series computers. The input/output subsystems of these series
computers supports a large number of plasma-panel graphic terminals
that can be arranged in a classroom type cluster. PLATO query
operations utilize AUTHOR language, whose capability is limited
only by the author's ingenuity and experience.
2-44
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 Approved jPC"SSLFP1J*R0Q0100140018-0
(U) If studies indicate that it is economical to utilize a PLATO
type system in the 1982 and beyond time frame, a large number of
terminals from the system could be added to the COINS terminal
population.
(U) For the purpose of the report, it is assumed that initially
there will be one cluster of PLATO terminals in each of the three
intelligence schools (ISC, DIS and NCS).
(U) The PLATO host processor will be connected to the network and
should be capable of accommodating several hundred terminals
simultaneously.
C-78-2191
I. C. Staff Approved r X00] 0/1SQ~ 000100140018-0 D~
May 10 , 1979 J b~D
 Approved TiNclotAssul
3.0 HOST SYSTEMS AND ASSOCIATED FRONT-ENDS
C-78-2191
I . C . Staff Approved F pI~ J03.C3.
May 10, 1979 JI
YM 000100140018-0
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 CLASSIFIEDTI
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ware the FE is interfaced to the COINS II network Interface
Message Processor (IMP), which is a Honeywell 316 computer.
The effective data rate between the IMP and the FE is between
50 and 60 kilobaud.
(U) The current FE hardware contains only 32k of core storage but
is otherwise a "standard" PLATFORM front-end including its soft-
ware capabilities. However, the cut-down core memory size (from
64k) results in a limitation within the current SOLIS FE of
supporting at most ten concurrent COINS II user terminals.
Increase of core to the 64k regular size will, without software
reprogramming requirements, provide for 30-40 concurrent terminal
users within the FE (which is the capability of a standard PLAT-
FORM FE).
(U) It should be noted that the SOLIS FE soft rare is the ELF
package which is modular in construction and consists of four
major elements:
o Executive - controls all ELF processes
o NCP - network control program executing
line protocols and initial connection
protocols
v I/O - handling local I/O devices and
terminal interface equipment
Applications - the software interfacing
between the FE and the SOLIS host
This ELF package is used also as the base for other COINS II
front-ends (currently the INIs for RYE, see 3.2.3, and IIS, see
3.4.2). The primary differences in the front-ending software
packages lie in the Application Module area which is by necessity
host-dependent.
--`_C-78-2191
E I.C. Staff Approved F r03
May 10 , 1979
Fri 000100140018-0
.L!ATI
t= 1==7n
=fLi
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received" acknowledgment from the TAS to TIPS/RYE represents a
logical acknowledgment for a batch of traffic received and thus
provides a protocol highly superior to any other one which does
not employ this procedure.
(U) Investigations have shown that the TIPS/RYE host has no room for
future growth in data volume. Currently, it averages about 5758
transactions per month. On-line updates against the files per
month are averaging about 43,618. There are approximately 2100
transactions going out to the COINS network. The balance of these
transactions (3,658) are due to internal terminal queries. Thus,
replacement of the present 'T'IPS/RYE system with a more capable
system is required.
(U) An additional problem exists currently in the limitation of
TIPS/RYE in recognizing more than 15 different hosts, TASs, and
GATEWAYS. This "address table" limitation is caused by the fact
that each host, TAS, etc., requires two computer words for a com-
plete identification, and the table containing these IDs consists
of 30 words which are located in front of a file identifying all
current communication activities between TIPS/RYE and other users.
Consequently, the expansion of this table is not merely a matter
of a parameter change, but would require actual program changes
in the U-494. Due to resource limitations, NSA cannot expand the
table. However, since the RYE system is going to be absorbed
into the WINDMILL system (.see 3.2.2 below), the software effort
should be done only when it is recognized as mandatory due to a
host number expansion of beyond 15 prior to the demise of TIPS/
RYE.
Note that WINDMILL/PROJECTOR is not expected to have the above
limitation.
C-78-2191
LI . C . Sta f f Approved F2~P'~ 3/~'Q/
May 10 , 1979 ~J _j
000100140018-0
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 I- I
Approved ~g~3/~/RFi000100140018-0
`~ i/ ~-
(U) Under project PROJECTOR there will be a phased interfacing of
WINDMILL into the COINS II network. SOLIS, which is one of the two
applications residing in the B7700 (WINDMILL) is currently inter-
faced to the network through the FE. It will probably remain intact
for some time with the capability of handling 10 concurrent inter-
active transactions. In contrast, PROJECTOR will be phased in with
a new separate front-end processor that will have the capability of
handling 30 concurrent interactive transactions. When the Network
Access System (NAS) becomes available (fourth quarter FY80), it will
interface WINDMILL (both SOLIS and PROJECTOR applications) to the
COINS II network. The NAS will have the capability of handling 32
concurrent transactions.
3.3.1 The Host - General Remarks
(U) The TIDE HOST, basically a UNIVAC 494 system, supports the
National SIGINT Operations Center (NSOC) and other elements in the
USSS in carrying out their missions. The primary function of the
TIDE system (and its upgrades) is to manage the inputs and outputs,
and provide data processing and terminal support for a number of data
collection and display systems that provide time sensitive infor-
mation to users. Some of these systems are:
o ATSS - Analyst Terminal Support System
o OPSCOMMS - Operational Communications links
to field locations
o CONTEXT - The Intelligence Community voice
and Teleconferencing System
o IDDF - The NSA Internal Data Distribution
Facility
L.
C-78-2191
I . C I.C. St of f Approved Vr~-~. T03
May 10, 1979 _J
C= C=71
0511
 ApprovedUr O S1
0 00140018-0
o WARSAW - A graphic system driven by a DD
124 computer
CARILLON - An IBM system for processing
certain intelligence inputs
? OMNIBUS - A graphic system for replacement
of WARSAW
RYE - A NSA UNIVAC 494 host system
RUSHER - A CDC .6600 system that processes
intelligence data.for input to a NSA data base
? And Other Systems
At the present time TIDE is able to access the COINS network (for
batch access only) via an in house TIDE linkage. Plans are currently
being implemented to establish the capability for ATSS terminals to
enter both TIDE and COINS II as discussed below.
3.3.2 - The ATSS Dual Connection
(U) The Analyst Terminal Support System currently in use is desig-
nated as ATSS-20. It consists of up to eight INCOTERM display
devices called AUTOTERM terminals connected to a Terminal Proces-
sing Unit (TPU) with 32k bytes of memory, two dual floppy disks,
and one shared printer. The TPU acts as a concentrator and is
attached to the TIDE system via a 4800 baud communication line.
(U) The software for the AUTOTERM terminals is designed around
multiple activity on the screen. Since NSOC deals with time
sensitive information, ATSS AUTOTERM operations are conducted
in a transactional mode with interrupt capability built into
the system. Traffic destined for a specific AUTOTERM CRT mu3t go
to that terminal on a priority basis. The system also has an
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Z.C. Staff d.JriASSIFTE
'f ._ V 1_ 1 9 7 A
 Approved 3/ / '1 000100140018-0
interactive conference mode and can also receive transaction
messages while operating in this mode.
(U) To provide additional. support to the analysts utilizing AUTO-
TERM terminals, a plan'has been.-developed to establish a connection
between a TPU and the COINS II network while preserving the
present TPU-TIDE communication link, thus permitting each
AUTOTERM to access both, TIDE and all of the COINS II related
resources. Implementation of this plan requires:
? Expansion of TPU memory of 64k bytes
? Replacement of one dual floppy disk by a
rigid disk providing approximately ten times
the data storage space with one-tenth of the
floppy disk access time
? Software to be added in the TPU to interface
it with the COINS II Terminal Access System
(TAS) described in 4.1 below.
The resulting Analyst Terminal Support System will be known as
ATSS-40.
provide a 9600 baud capability.
(U) Figure 3.3-1 displays the planned connections of ATSS-40
system to the COINS II network via the TAS systems and to TIDE.
Communication lines from the TPUs to both, TAS.and TIDE, are to
(U) There are ongoing efforts to place 21 ATSS 40 systems, with
appproximately 143 AUTOTERM terminals, into operations by the end
of 1979. There are plans being formulated to at least double
this number by 1980. These terminals and potentially more will
be capable of entering COINS II, given only the TAS technology,
by late 1983.
C-78-2191
Mac. 10 Sta19 79 Approved F ~/'~/2~1f$T00100140018-0
app gg
 Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
TO TIDE
Figure 3.3-1. Analyst Terminal Support System Dual Connection
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.4 L
1 t.
a
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 Approved e'0 /~/ J 000100140018-0
3.4 NPIC - IIS, NDS
3.4.1 Present Integrated Intelligence System (IIS)
(U) The NPIC IIS system is a multi-processing dual UNIVAX 494
system with 262k of 30-bit words of memory, 24 disk units, and
three 1872 word-addressable drums. Communications are supported
by 6 Communication Terminal Module Controllers (CTMC) each of
which can handle up to 3:2 full duplex lines. Currently 185
terminal devices (of the 192 maximum) are installed. They are:
o The Sanders 804 Terminal. There are 67
of these terminals that interface in two
modes (conversational and remote batch).
They operate synchronously from 4800-9600
baud. All of these NPIC terminals are
permitted to access the COINS (I and II)
network.
o A variety of six different teletype devices
that operate from 110-300 baud. There are
approximately 100 of these teletype devices.
All except two are allowed access to COINS.
o The DCT--2000 card reader/line printer device.
There are eight of these devices operating at
2400 baud.
6 Special Purpose Device. There are ten of these
special purpose devices operating asychronously
at 1200 baud. None of these are allowed access
to COINS.
IIS is one of the COINS network batch host systems and is cur-
rently attached to COINS II via the INI (see 3.4.2 below) and to
COINS I/IDHSC-I via the switch-at DIA Arlington Hall.
C-78-2191
I. C. Staff Approved F '~r~' NT03/Q/ 000100140018-0
May 10, 1979 ..d! 0 I=
 ApprovedT rIe
S1'i1EDr_'001400180
(U) As discussed under 3.2.1 IIS also has the 15-host address
limitation, which can be changed through software if required
(such as "Doubling" the table length). However, the U-1100 NDS
system will not have the same limitation. In fact, the NAS front-
end will provide for host, TAS, GATEWAY identifications up to a
limit of 256, i.e. it will be virtually unlimited.
3.4.2 The IIS Front-End, INI
(U) As discussed in section 3.1.2 the IIS front-end is a PDP 11/40
system based upon the ELF software which handles, through its
Application Module, the batch protocol accessed to IIS as well as
the IIS-user batch accesses to COINS II.
3.4.3 The New Data System - NDS
(U) The new'NPIC Data System (NDS) utilizes the UNIVAC 1100/44
system. Figure 3.4-1 illustrates the NDS configuration of impor-
tance to this study. The NDS has four processors or Command/
Arithmetic Units (CAUs) and a primary storage capacity of 262k (36
bit words). Plans exist to increase this storage capacity to 512k
words in 1979. There are eight cabinets of extended memory totalling
1024k (36 bit words) with an 850 nanosecond response time. The
disk subsystem currently consists of 8 disk packs and 6 drums to
be expanded to 24 disk packs in the future. There are two input/
output access units (IOAUs) each of which can accomodate 24 I/O
channels. To relieve the CAU's of most of the processing func-
tions associated with the control of data communications, the NDS
has four Communication Symbiont Processors (C/SP). Each C/SP
has the capability of handling 64 full duplex channels or 128
half-duplex channels.
C-78-2191
I.C. Staff
Approved For Release 2003/10/22 : CIA-RDP83T00573R000100140018-0
 `- n--- ; - 1
H n
O ~ N
11100144
Approved Fdr R lease k66-3A 0/ :-bIA 0831 b0513R $100 0018-U
C/ SP
c/sP
c/so
SWiTGy
CLUSTER
CONT OLLE
CONTRQLL
I I "- I CGYVTROL[,'R
NA S
PRINTER
----~nZOtccR= ~
CLUSTER
PRINTER,
^0
9
Figure 3.4-1. NPIC Data System
SLACKER
FE
Q
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 SI
,.,'I83T0 ~ 00140018-0
Approve .z
(U) This 1100/44 system will have a rather large terminal popula-
tion. There are 476 Delta Data CRTs, four 9200/9300 (UNIVAC CARD
READER/Printer). It is anticipated that each of the 476 Delta
Data terminals will be able to access COINS.
(U) The large number of CRTs are operated asynchronously through
81 cluster controllers. Each cluster controller has the capabil-
ity of controlling 8 CRTs and 2 printers. The controllers also
interface with the C/SP in a synchronous bit serial mode through
a T-Bar switching arrangement. The cluster controller uses a high
speed buffer with 256 character storage capability to compensate
for the signal conversion from asychronous to synchronous bit
serial mode. NPIC has divided the NDS into two subsystems: (1) the
production subsystem, which utilizes 3 CAUs, the primary memory
and one-half of the extended memory; and (2) the development
subsystem which utilizes the other CAU and half of the extended
memory.
(U) NDS is designed to support three modes of operation:
o Batch Processing - accept a query, activate
a query processing task, deliver the response
from a queue on a no-limiting-response-time
requirements basis. Similar to COINS I proce-
dures.
e Transaction Processing.- access is achieved via
CRT displays to terminal. The displays are
heavily light pen oriented (i.e. menu type).
e Demand Processing - a line-by-line operation
whereby each input at a terminal results in a
corresponding NDS output-could be a continuous
process.
3-14
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 Approved4jjN 2 F(SP000100140018-0
(U) The milestones for the development of NDS are as follows:
e 1100/44 COINS software development starts
January 1979.
o Software development for a new COINS front-
end, the Network Access System (NAS), by
September 1979.
e NAS Software installation by October 1979.
o NAS network testing by January 1, 1980.
e NAS Integration testing by May 1980.
O Full integration of NDS (with NAS) achieved
May 1980.
For the 1st six months of operations, the NDS will only support batch
mode (COINS I protocol) for accessing by COINS users.
3.4.4 The Network Access System - NAS
(U) For a discussion thereof refer to section 4.1.2.
3.5 DIAOLS, DISP
3.5.1 The DIA On-Line System - DIAOLS
(.U) DIAOLS is a host computer system-at Arlington Hall Station,
utilizing dual H-635s, which supports the users of the Depart-
ment of Defense Intelligence Information System (DODIIS). Of the
two processing systems, System II provides programming services
and remote batch service, while System I provides interactive data
management capability. COINS users utilize System I exclusively.
3-15
C-78-2191
I
. C . Staff Approved F~~ 3/-2 QfWIM7
A.~ 00100140018-0
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~- ` ay 10 , 19 79 11&
 Approve L LAl$ D 3'3T0 3 00140018-0
(U) At the present time DIAOLS (System I) will support a maxi-
mum of 36 concurrent users. The software algorithm employed by
System I DIAOLS provides priority access to "in-house DIA" users
such that up to 33 in-house connections are honored. Consequently,
a guaranteed minimum of 3 COINS users are being accomodated con-
currently. It DIA users drop off, then an additonal COINS connec-
tion will be honored for each DIA user below the 33 limit.
(U) COINS queries are queued upon receipt by DIAOLS and sub-
sequently executed in a time sharing mode.
3.5.2 DISP
(U) The improvement for the present DIA system designated as
DIAOLS Improved Service Program (DISP) will exchange the present
H-635s for Honeywell 60/level 66 computers. Each CPU will be
associated with an I/O Multiplexer which is tied into a separate
DATANET 6678 front-end that can service up to 96 lines. Systems
I and II will be preserved under DISP and will both be connected
to a Dynamic Terminal Switch (DTS) which is designed to handle
200 CRTs and 25 RBTs. In addition, another DISP objective is to
double the number of concurrent users capable of being services
to 72. However, it must be noted that the present priority algo-
rithm for concurrent access is not going to be changed, i.e.,
under DISP COINS II users are guaranteed a minimum of six connec-
tions, with an additional concurrent connection for each one of the
66 available "DIA" connections.
3.5.3 IDHSC
(U) The Intelligence Data Handling System Communications (IDHSC)
network is the telecommunications subsystem of the DOD Intelli-
gence Information System (DODIIS). It proivdes the means for
collectors, producers, and consumers of intelligence to access
remote data bases through computer-to-computer and interactive
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terminal communications. The IDHSC network operates at the
Special Activities Office system high-security level, and is in
two evolutionary versions, IDHSC I and IDHSC II. Both versions
essentially consist of mutually exclusive software which run on
PDP-11 communications processors located at each network site.
IDHSC I presently supports query/responses (batch) and limited
bulk data exchange of information between four DODIIS users and
the national level intelligence files resident on the DIA
System (DIAOLS), and interfaces these users to the Community on-
line System (COINS) host systems at the National Security Agency
and the National Photographic Interpretation Center. IDHSC II
improves upon IDHSC I, allowing both interactive and batch commun-
ications, remote update and retrieval of files, and packet
switching technology in a distributed network design, IDHSC II
will add substantially more DODIIS sites to the network and will
continue to interface with COINS.
(U) The objective of IDHSC is to provide for a.standard data com-
munications network supporting the intelligence analysts require-
ments for remote intelligence data access; to provide for the
integration of intelligence information systems and the reduction
of dedicated circuitry; to preclude parallel independent software
developments; and to provide for a single standard DODIIS Defense
Communications System Automatic Digital Network (AUTODIN II) inter-
face.
3.6 SEAWATCH II
3.6.1 The HOST - General Remarks
(U) The SEAWATCH II system supports the Naval Ocean Surveillance
Information Center (NOSIC) in its processing, analysis, storage
and dissemination of intelligence information. The host is a dual
Control Data Corporation (CDC) 6400 computer system (one CDC 6400
C-78-2191
Staff Approved F(~,1I~ 3/ L2S. g f$ T 00100140018-0
"buy 10, 1979
 a QK". IETN
AApproveTJXV*"h?Y- X-RUPM 0 5573 00140018-0
is utilized as a hot standby) with 512k words of extended core
memory. Currently, there are forty-three (43) 211-57 CRT terminals
connected to five 216 concentrators, each 216 concentrator being
physically interfaced to a 2400 baud port of a 6671 multiplexer.
The 6671 multiplexer is physically interfaced to an I/O port of
the CDC 6400.
(U) Closely related with the SEAWATCH system is a Navy Automatic
Relay Center (NARC) and its CDC System 17 Communications Processor.
System 17 is physically interfaced to the AUTODIN I ASCs at Andrews
Air Force Base and Fort Detrick, Maryland, via 1200 baud circuits.
It is also interfaced to a WANG 2200 processor which composes
messages from the reports prepared by 21 WANG terminals. These
messages are transmitted out to various intelligence organizations
via the AUTODIN I System.
(U) The NARC is also interfaced to the SEAWATCH host through the
NOSIC Communications Center's 1718 AUTODIN processor and a'6682
data channel converter. Message queries from intelligence users
are forwarded to NOSIC via the AUTODIN I network. They are re-
ceived and queued in the host computer and latter acted upon.by
analysts at the 211-57 CRT terminals. These analysts query the
files in the SEAWATCH host; screen the responses; and later forward
these responses to the users via the AUTODIN I network.
(U) NOSIC has recently installed eight colorgraphic dual screen
terminals which are connected to ports on a PDP-11/70 computer
system. The PDP-11/70, acting as a concentrator, is physically
and logically interfaced to the CDC 6400 through a direct channel
coupler (DEC-DRHCD). The PDP-11/70 is also interfaced to the CDC
6400 via the 6671 multiplexer. In this case it emulates a 216
concentrator with 211-57 CRT terminals attached to it.
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(U) The COINS PMO and NOSIC representatives are currently devel-
oping plans for interfacing the SEAWATCH host into COINS II. The
proposed interface to COINS II will essentially be access only
(uni-directional, SEAWATCH to COINS II).
(U) Attachment to the COINS II network will first involve the
installation of a TETRAHEDRON communications node in the machine
room at NOSIC. The COINS II, IMP can then be installed and dual
connected to two other COINS II IMPs.
3.6.2 Proposed Front-End (FE)
(U) The Network Access System (NAS), discussed in section 4.1.2,
has been proposed as the FE for SEAWATCH. It would provide the
physical interface that matches the line and signal characteris-
tics of the NAS I/O system to the line and signal characteristics
.of the host I/O system. Logically, it would provide an interface
.between the NAS and the :host software systems. The NAS would
also provide a physical and logical interface to the IMP.
3.7.1 General Remarks
(U) The National Military Intelligence Center (NMIC) has a system
that provides automated data handling and communications support
to the DIA Current Intelligence and Warning effort. It has the
capability to store and retrieve output information and generate
intelligence reports. The current NMIC host consists of seven
PDP-11/70 configurated into five systems as follows:
4 Message Support System(MSS)
There are two PDP-11/70 devices associated
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 P3 00140018-0
a
with the MSS. One PDP 11/70 receives input
messages from GENSER and DSSCS and contains
a five day file of traffic. The other PDP
11/70 contains profiles and reports and
disseminates information to analysts'
positions through teletype printer devices.
? Network Control System (NCS)
The NCS has one PDP 11/70 that controls the
internal data flow and the Indication and
Warning Communications network circuits.
? User Support System (USS)
There are two PDP 11/70 devices associated with
the USS. They provide CRT terminal support,
user interface and a working storage data
base for analysts. There are currently (20)
twenty U-1652 CRT terminals tied to the USS
through a BR-1569 multiplexer.
? Collection Coordination Facility (CCF)
One PDP 11/70 device will eventually provide
responses to time-sensitive intelligence
requests.
m Intelligence Support Interface Processor (ISIP)
One PDP 11/70 performs the function of inter-
facing NMIC to external automated systems.
Currently, NMIC is interfaced to the DIA on-
line system. In October of 1979 the ISIP will
be interfaced to AIRES.
The COINS PMO is currently developing plans to interface the NMIC
host with COINS II. The proposed interface with COINS II will be
via the ISIP and allow access only (NMIC accessing COINS II hosts).
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3.7.2 Proposed Front-End (FE)
(U) The COINS PMO has proposed the Network Access System (NAS)
(discussed in section 4.1.2) as the FE for NMIC. Since the ISIP
performs the functions of interfacing NMIC with external systems,
two alternatives have been proposed for the NMIC host interface
with the NAS.The first alternative would interface the NAS to the
ISIP througha teletype I/O port of a BR 1569 multiplexer. NMIC
terminals accessing COINS II host would operate in a line-by-line
mode as opposed to a screen mode. The second alternative would
interface the NAS to the ISIP by direct coupling through a
Network Link Microprocessor Module (DMC-11).
(U) Attachment of the NAS to the COINS II network could be accom-
plished through the use of extant communications. If the NAS is
installed in the AIRES computer center it could be connected via
a 50 kbit circuit to the DIA communications center at Arlington
Hall and attached to a COINS II IMP. An error correction unit
(ECU) would be needed at both ends. In addition a local host/
distant host (LH/DH) module would be required with the NAS to
provide the hardware interface logic for attachment to the COINS
II IMP. A.local host interface circuit card (HIC) would be re-
quired at the DIA Arlington Hall IMP.
3.8 NSH
3.8.1 Host System
(U) Since its conception, the Network Service Host (NSH) has
housed four major COINS applications, namely:
v Terminal Access System
o Technology Transfer Research Facility (TTRF)
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 TD; ; 9-;9 0 5573 100140018-0
? COINS Network Management System (CNMS)
? User Support Information Subsystem (USISS).
With these applications the NSH functions as a TAS and also in a
limited capacity as a research facility for evaluating information
handling tools, a source of network performance data, and a li-
brary of reference information for network users.
(U) The NSH utilizes a PDP-11/70 computer system that is located
in the COINS PMO area and interfaced with COINS II as a host com-
puter. The UNIX operating system is the basic software working in
conjunction with a Terminal Access System.
(U) The TTRF, as a subsystem of the NSH, is currently being used
to evaluate the following:
o ADAPT I - Uniform Data Language - UDL is a
common COINS retrieval language which is
transformed to appropriate target query
languages supported by the other network
hosts.
? NED - A cursor-oriented text editor (RAND editor)
which is to be tested as a standard for the
COINS Network.
? PLOT 10 - A graphics package that could become
a standard for COINS.
? RITA - An interactive transaction agent produced
by RAND.
? RAND EDITOR
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(U) The COINS PMO has developed plans to relocate the TTRF sub-
system at the NSH to a separate PDP-11/70 system located at one
of the intelligence schools. Negotiations are proceeding and
accomplishment of this task is expected during calendar year 1980.
As a new separate host in the COINS network, the TTRF resources can
then be utilized exclusively for:
a Developing and demonstrating pilot applications
o Training of the potential community users
o Conducting operational testing with potential
e Assessing the application jointly with the trial
o Providing recommendations for disposition, i.e.
installation in the system or remove from the
system
Until the new host at the selected intelligence school is ready
for TTFR operations, the current NSH must retain those applications
being evaluated (i.e. RAND EDITOR, ADAPT, RITA and PLOT 10).
3.8.1.2 CNMS
(U) The COINS Network Management System (CNMS) provides the data.
needed by the local and network managers to perform the day-to-day
management of the network, and maintain a base of performance and
usage data for use in detecting trends and for long range planning.
The following subsystems support the CNMS:
o The Network Usage Information Subsystem (NUISS)
o The Network Monitoring Subsystem (NMSS)
?~~!y 10, 1979
 Approve D 100140018-0
(U) The Network Usage Information Subsystem (NUISS) has been oper-
ating for the last five years and provides network usage and per-
formance data to the COINS community. It uses system and switch
data recorded on magnetic tapes by the COINS hosts and the DIA
switch. The data is processed and summarized on the IBM 370 and
then used to update on-line files that are accessible on the NSE
RYE system.
3.8.1.2.2. PILOT NUISS
(U) During calendar year 1979-1980, the PILOT NUISS system will be
installed on the NSH and integrated into COINS II. When fully
implemented through the rewriting of the software to process the
incoming data and to produce pre-formatted reports, the NUISS data
will be available to the COINS community. The NUISS will be
further integrated into COINS II through the use of the File
Transfer Protocol to send system logging data from hosts. If
the current trend of installing UNIX-based hosts continues (i.e..
TASs, NASs, and GATEWAYS) the File Transfer Protocol will not be
required. The TAS already contains TAS Data Transfer Process
(TDTP), which efficiently handles all File Transfers for the NUISS,
the TAS, File System downloading and etc. The PILOT NUISS will be
upgraded as required to accommodate new participants in the COINS
network.
(U) During calendar year 1980, the PMO will develop the Network
Monitoring Subsystem (NMSS) on the NSH. It will process status
and throughput data that is collected by the NCC computer and
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transferred to the NMSS. It will also request and process certain
status and throughput data (collected by the master TAS and
eventually, the NAS) and integrate it with the NCC data. Manage-
ment reports will be accessible by the community.
(U) The User Support Information Subsystem (USISS), as it exists
today, requires extensive labor actions to inform and train the
users of the COINS network. Subsequent to the relocation of the
TTRF subsystem in calendar year 1980, the COINS PMO plans to de-
velop an on-line USISS. Essentially it will be a central repos-
itory of information about COINS II (a data base) and a set of
mechanism for accessing it. The information that will be con-
tained in this data base is as follows:
a Users of COINS
o Files that can be accessed from COINS II
terminals
a How the files are structured
Methods used to obtain access to COINS
Methods used to obtain access to the various
files of COINS Host Computers
(U) USISS will be used as the training vehicle for prospective
users of the COINS II network. Reference and advisory material
about COINS and its procedures will be available through on-
line access in either batch or interactive mode depending upon
the capability of the host to which user terminal is attached.
(U) The NSH with the USISS and CNMS will be expanded to a 32 term-
inal capability for interactive transactions into the COINS network.
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4.0 OTHER NETWORK INTERFACES
C-78-2191 3
z . C . Staff Approved Fo f J. 3I
May 10, 1979
ate
 S s a S
Approved sc TOSIS13000100140018-0
4.0 OTHER NETWORK INTERFACES
(U) In addition to the host systems discussed in Chapter 3 above,
there are three special host systems, one security-dedicated
(experimental) system, and five network-to-network gateways all of
which interface with IMP's (network modes) of COINS II directly.
They are:
? Terminal Access System (TAS)
Network Control Center (NCC)
Technology Transfer Research Facility (TTRF)
? Gateways to ARPANET
ISHSC-II
PLATFORM
AUTODIN II
IAIPS
? Network Virtual Terminal (.NVT)
The following sections present a discussion of the functions,
status, and traffic handling capabilities of these devices.
4.1 TAS, NAS
4.1.1 The Present TAS
(U) The Terminal Access System (TAS) of the COINS II network has
been designed for the specific purpose of enabling terminals not
associated with a host system to gain access to the network. At
the present time there is one TAS in operation to which are
attached 16 Teletype Model 40 terminals each equipped with its
own printer.
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(U) The TAS hardware is a PDP 11/70 with 192K 16-bit words, mag-
netic tape, disks, and a line printer. Communication with the
terminals is over 9600 baud lines asynchronously.
(U) The TAS software is the UNIX operating system, an interactive,
time-sharing system which supervises and schedules the execution
of all processes within the PDP 11/70. Embedded in the system is
the Network Control Program (NCP) which corresponds to the NCP
in the SOLIS front-end (see Section 3.1.2) and is also used in
the ARPANET.
(U) Some noticable characteristics of the TAS software are item-
ized below:
e A minimum of four system buffers of 512
characters each are used for all data
activities with peripherals and communi-
cation lines. Each system buffer is
divided into eight 64-character buffers,
which. are dynamically assigned for data
as needed and released when no longer re-
quired.
e A protection against core buffer overload
is built in such that data buffers are
emptied into disk when TAS realized the
high-load condition.
e When dealing with TIPS/RYE in a batch mode
and receiving traffic of up to 350 segments
of 150-characters, each TAS places all seg-
ments onto disk and operates together with
TIPS/RYE in a positive acknowledgement
manner, i.e., TAS generates a message to
TIPS/RYE acknowledging receipt of each seg-
ment.
4-2
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o Where dealing with large (1000-character)
blocks from SOLIS destined for a specific
TAS terminal's printer, the large block
is kept in core buffers of TAS until printed,
which takes 5-6 seconds after printing initia-
tion because the printer speed is slower than
the 2400-baud line. Thus, core memory is
occupied throughout this time. Note that
no logical. (message) acknowledgement is issued
from TAS to SOLIS, since SOLIS is not capable
.of handling this protocol. Instead SOLIS sends
the next print buffer after ten seconds which
was determined to be a "safe" time period.
o In accordance with the asynchronous communica-
tions protocol, traffic from a terminal is
placed into a series of 64-character buffers
and appropriate control information is queued
up in a stack. As the software works down to
this queued-up information in the stack, pro-
grams are activated to process the data. At
that time and not earlier, errors can be
detected which were due to communication prob-
lems over the 9600 baud asynchronous connection.
Under relatively "busy" conditions of TAS, it
is quite possible that the delay in error detect-
ing could slow down qr clog up the system.
(.U) Tentative plans have been formulated to increase the number
of terminals connected to the TAS up to a maximum of 64. ICA has
been informed that the UNIX software has been written to support
this number of terminal connections; however, the question must
be raised as to whether or not a study has been made as to the
degree of system performance degradation that results as the number
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of simultaneous users increases. In any interactive system, as
the number of simultaneous users increases, the response time
steadily and sharply degrades. Arbitrarily making an unmodified
system available to more and more users may be self-defeating,
since the response time gets higher an increasing number of users
will be come dissatisfied and stop using the system.
(.U) In complex networks such as COINS II, where there are pos-
sibly multiple network components between the user's terminal
and the host one is trying to access, the overhead at each succeed-
ing intervening component between the user and the destination host
has a commutative effect on the total system's performance. More-
over, studies conducted at IBM's Yorktown, N.Y. Watson Research
Center have shown that each second of system response time degrada-
tion leads to a similar degradation added to the user's time for
entering the following request, because of the effect the increased
waiting time has on an individual's attention span. This amounts
to even more overhead being generated. No hardware or software
changes should be made at any point in the network without an
analytical study being made - based on the network's engineering
description - to determine what effect the change will have on
the performance of the network.
4.1.2 The Network Access System - NAS
(U). An activity is underway to develop a standard Network Access
System (NAS) from the currently existing TAS, will have the fol-
lowing capabilities:
o Be a terminal concentrator for access to
the COINS II network (i.e., be a TAS).
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and provides short typed messages when it senses IMP status
changes. The statistical messages are compiled by the NCC and
result in periodic summary information.
(U) Plans exist to augment the NCC capability by developing
an additional Network Management System (NMS) for COINS. The
NMS would receive NCC data on performance, plus usage data from
COINS hosts/FEs and perform the data reduction. This would high-
light COINS related malfunctions and provide a base for trend
studies of faults.
4 . 4 TTRF
(U) The Technology Transfer Research Facility (TTRF) which cur-
rently resides as a subsystem on the Network Service Host (See
3.8.1.1 above) will be relocated into a computer system of its
own during 1980. Its purpose is to function as a test bed for
the development and evaluation of new hardware and software tools
of interest to the community. TTRF will also be able to serve
as a backup to the TAS, since it will be implemented in a PDP
11/70 with a UNIX-based operating system.
(U) The software capabilities will be augmented to include the
ARPANET TELENET protocol and a file transfer protocol, the latter
one being designed for efficient data transfers of large volumes.
When implemented the file transfer protocol will make possible
the transfer of usage and performance data between host FEs,
TASs, the NSH, TTRF and the NCC.
4.5 GATEWAYS
(U) Several agencies of the Intelligence Community have separate
digital information systems and have expressed their desires to
interface with COINS II. The intelligence information systems of
these agencies either function as hosts in another network or
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exist with requirements to utilize one of the DOD common usage
networks. In order to provide these agencies with the capability
for interoperability, the COINS PMO is considering the use of
GATEWAYS.
(U) The GATEWAY will basically function in two ways. Firstly,
it will perform the actual internetwork communications. These
include the establishment of connections, handling of data, and
breaking of connections. Secondly, it will be the manager. This
involves controlling and monitoring of GATEWAY operations, and the
maintenance of the GATEWAY software and hardware. There are cur-
rently five GATEWAYS being planned for COINS II. Table 4-1 pro-
vides a summary of those GATEWAYS.
(-U) GATEWAYS represent the technical solution to a problem that
has its foundations in management, and at best they should be
considered only temporary measures for effecting inter-network
operations. The basic problem is a lack of interoperability guide-
lines for network engineering, and the associated common intelli-
gence community authority to decide on and enforce these guidelines.
As a result a network NODE is created - GATEWAY - which results in
the generation of considerable network overhead because of all the
translations/conversions that must be done to effect inter-network
communications. While GATEWAYS. are a necessary stop-gap measure,
plans should be formulated to effect changes in all of the indigen-
ous networks in the intelligence community; if not to allow the
complete phase-out of the GATEWAY, at least to considerably re-
duce the conversions they must perform with attendant network over-
head.
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4.6 NETWORK VIRTUAL TERMINAL (NVT)
(U) An NVT is a software description which provides a standard,
network-wide, intermediate representation of a canonical terminal.
This eliminates the need for "server" and "user" hosts to keep
information about the characteristic of each other's terminals
and terminal handling conventions. The lack of specifications
for a Network Virtual Terminal (NVT) for internetwork operations
will necessitate that each COINS II host implement the necessary
software required to translate the characteristics of each type
of terminal that will access the host into the characteristic
of the host's "home terminal". Since COINS II and other networks
that desire access to COINS II, are not homogenous in regard to
terminal population, the amount of total network software required
for the necessary translations would be quite large.
(U) Relocating this translation function to the network access
points - GATEWAY, NAS, etc. - by implementing the NVT concept,
would not only reduce the software and storage requirements of
each host, but would also concomitantly reduce the processing
time required in a given host for each transaction. Thus, the
level of workload point at which a given host would start to
thrash or choke would be higher. However, since the transla-
tions would still be performed, although at the network access
points, the difference in network response time between these
two operational concepts can only be determined by a detailed
study which would include the construction of a network simula-
tion model.
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5.0 FINDINGS
5.1 COINS II INTERACTIVE TERMINAL CAPABILITY
(U) In analyzing existing and planned host processors associated
with/or scheduled to interface the COINS II network directly, or
via a GATEWAY, ICA investigated the concurrent interactive capability
of host processors for COINS user access, and the estimated numbers
of interactive terminals associated with these hosts that require
COINS access. Figure 5.1 provides an analysis of the processing
host's allotted concurrent access capability; the estimated number of
interactive terminals requiring access; and the estimated number of
interactive terminals requiring concurrent access. Presently, the
NSA SOLIS is the only host processor operating interactively in the
COINS II network. The host processor's allotted number of COINS II
concurrent interactions, when compared with the interactive termi-
nals requiring concurrent access is negligible. In comparing the
allotted access capability of the host processors to be associated
with the COINS II network in 1981 (i.e., WINDMILL, DIAOLS/DISP, NDS
and NSH) with the estimated number of terminals requiring concurrent
access, the COINS interactive terminal population requiring concur-
rent access is approximately two and one-half times greater than
the host processor allotted capability for COINS II users. In 1983
the estimated COINS interactive terminal population requiring con-
current access is three times greater than the host processor
(i.e., WINDMILL, NDS, SAFE, NSH) allotted capability for COINS II
users.
(U) Since the host processors being accessed by COINS users were
initially installed to satisfy their respective Agency's mission,
there are no priority systems for allocating interactive connec-
tions to COINS users accessing these hosts. A limited number of
concurrent accesses have been allotted to COINS users.
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COINS Processing Host Allotted Interactive Concurrent Access Capability.
Estimated Number of Interactive Terminals Requiring Access.
Estimated Number of Interactive Terminals Requiring Concurrent Access.
Figure 5-1. Comparison of Processing Host Allotted Concurrent Access Capability,
Estimated Interactive Terminals Requiring Access and Terminals
Requiring Concurrent Access
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(U) Figure 5.2 provides an analysis of the estimated concurrent
access capability of COINS, hosts and GATEWAY facilities. It
compares the direction of flow of access i.e. bidirectional, uni-
directional to COINS only and uni-directional from COINS only,
over the 1979-1983 time frame. When the WINDMILL HOST (SOLIS and
PROJECTOR Applications) becomes operational in 1980, the "From
COINS Only" direction disappears, since WINDMILL terminal will
have the capability to access the COINS network. The "bi-direc-
tional" increases, immensely in 1981 with the modification to
the TAS software to allow it's terminal facilities to talk to
other TAS terminal facilities. The "To COINS Only" direction
increases in 1983 will result from terminal facilities associated
with hosts, (i.e. NMIC, SEAWATCH/IAIPS) and the PLATFORM Network.
(U) The proposed COINS II/IDHSC II GATEWAY will be the most
difficult one to implement of all the proposed GATEWAYS. The reason
for this difficulty is the extensive differences in network opera-
ting components--hardware and software-- between the two networks;
the communications protocols are different; the networks' trunk
speeds are greatly different; and the terminal devices are also
different. Consequently, extensive network interface software will
have to be developed for 'buffering and protocol or format conversion.
Likewise, sophisticated equipment capabilities will be required to
efficiently deal with the traffic demands.
(U) The above considerations target the COINS II/IDHSC II GATEWAY as
a possible major bottleneck in the network. Large traffic volumes
could possibly cause c::'.~:nsive qu(-ueing, buffering, or rejectin,ns
at the t,A'''TWAY. I+- is ..post irnprativo that a Network F.na;.ncering
Analyses be made on the performance of this GATEWAY under a wide
range of throughput.
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5.3.1 Concurrent User Capability
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(U) The communicatons subsystem of SOLIS which is embedded in the
B-7700 only accomodates 10 concurrent interactive users at the
present time. This appears to be an administratively determined
number. The current Frond-End (FE) associated with SOLIS accom-
modates a maximum- of 10 concurrent users. In contrast the future
WINDMILL FE serving both the SOLIS and PROJECTOR applications will
be a NAS, capable of handling up to 32 concurrent users.
(U) DIAOLS (System I) currently can accommodate a maximum of 36
concurrent users. Of these, a. maximum of three concurrent
COINS users are guaranteed host system access by the priority
algorithm now 'utilized. DIA concurrent connections can be
utilized for additional concurrent COINS users as required.
DIAOLS/DISP will maintain the same priority algorithm for twice
the concurrent users.
(U) The NPIC NDS has plans to accommodate a maximum of 42 con-
concurrent accesses to and from COINS. It's FE (the NAS) can
accommodate up to 42 concurrent interactions.
5.3.2 Software Limitations
(U) The TAS utilizes an asychronous communications protocol that
buffers and queues traffic from attached terminals. Errors
due to communications problems are not detected until the software
works down to the queued up information.
(U) An increase in the number of terminals attached to the TAS
and the modification to allow TAS terminals to communicate with
other TAS terminals, may degrade the performance of the TAS and
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and ultimately effect the network response time presented to the
(U) SOLIS sends (1000 character) print buffer to TAS every 10
seconds per user. Under normal operating conditions, the TAS
preserves the information in core memory and delivers it to the
destination printer. There is no logical acknowledgement of the
receipt of the information between TAS and SOLIS.
(U) The current TIPS/RYE and IIS host each acquires two computer
words for a complete identification for every host, TASs and GATE-
WAYs. The current table lengths provides for a maximum of 15
such identifications. Enlargement of these tables is possible
only through software.modificaion.
5.4 BATCH MODE SUPPLEMENT TO INTERACTIVE ACCESS
(U) Except for enforceable operational rules, human psychological
factors will undoubtedly rule out all except a minimal realizable
reduction in "outside user" demand for interactive connections to
a given host. Most users will feel that their work is most impor-
tant and that they need an answer now. However, clearly not all
demands for interactive access can be met at a given time. There
are two principal reasons for this: firstly, there will be tech-
nical (.hardware/software) reasons for a limit on the number of
concurrent accesses a given host cari handle; secondly, since the
host was installed to satisfy its sponsoring agencies needs,
the sponsoring agency has/or will put a limit on the number of
"outside" accesses allowed to their host. In order to increase
the workload capability of a given host and reduce the effect of
reason one, a hardware/software upgrade would have to be performed
with its attendant costs. Very little could be done to dilute
the effects of reason two outside of the designation of an inter-
intelligence community "Executive Agent" with the authority to
5-7
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implement and enforce a priority system for allocating interactive
connections; a course technically difficult and politically hazar-
dous.
(u) Undoubtedly then, there exists the need for all hosts' systems
providing "batch" interrogation capability as the next recourse
for a user who needs an answer but cannot access the host in a
demand or interactive mode. These deferred user requests might
be placed in a queue on a first-in first-out basis, or perhaps
the queue might be ordered on a user estimated time priority
basis such as "answer needed in 2 hours" or "answer needed next
day".
(U: There are two types of theoretical choke points that will
govern interactive operations in COINS II; processing choke points
and transmission choke points. Processing choke points center
around the hosts. Transmission choke points involve the other
elements of a network; GATEWAYS, TAS, NAS, FE/NCPs, etc. A
problem in any element of these two types of choke points could
be the factor that causes system degradation when certain volumes
of traffic are encountered. The utilization of some hardware/
software modules of the network's components does not vary uni-
formly with load changes. Queues build up; storage/buffer areas
become filled; and pathways may be occupied.
(U) There is no way of accurately forecasting when and where a
choke point will occur under the actual operating conditions of
COINS II unless two interconnected studies are undertaken. First,
an accurate determination of the user requirements must be
conducted. Second, analytical studies must be performed using
a range of throughput values--both less than and greater than
the forecasted values determined by the requirements study. The
analytical studies would utilize the information contained in
the Network Engineerng description as their data base.
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5.5 COINS MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS
(U) The previous sections have demonstrated a significant expected
growth in the number and type of systems which will be accessing
the COINS network. COINS will have to accomodate an ever in- .
creasing set of users whith growth and changing requirements over
time. This expected growth in the number of accessing systems
and terminal population provides a complex management environment
for the COINS PMO. COINS network planning and management will
have to accommodate the increased demands for service while
avoiding potential bottleneck situations at many different levels.
(U) In order to cope with the COINS network planning and manage-
ment, the COINS PMO needs to acquire and maintain detailed tech-
nical and requirements information on those systems that will
be interfacing with and accessing the COINS network. This
detailed engineering description must include the latest infor-
mation on system hardware, software, system attributes related
to accessing restrictions from other COINS users, and require-
ments estimates for accessing other systems through COINS. It
is essential that such a data base be established and maintained
for all participants in the COINS network in order to:
1. Determine potential system limitations (bottle-
necks) at all levels;
2. Determine appropriate modifications and the
resources required to remove such system limi-
tations;
^-78-2191
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3. Plan the long term evolution of the COINS network
and estimate its resource requirements;
4. Inform and advise users of the COINS network's
ability to satisfy their interaction and acces-
sing requirements;
5. Inform and advise users of the expected level
of demand for access to their systems through
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the COINS network and possible limitations of
current configurations;
6. Manage the introduction of new users and deter-
mine appropriate procedures for entry into the
COINS network.
(U) The most effective manner -in -which the COINS PMO could
manage the growth of the network services would be to install a
COINS Management Information System (CMIS). A CMIS would have
essentially three major elements:
(a) A data base containing a detailed engineering
description of network and .user hardware,
software and performance characteristics affec-
ting the COINS network and its services.
(b) Projected requirements of individual user
systems and networks for interaction with
other systems/networks served by COINS II,
(c) A set of analysis programs to assist the COINS
PMO to project the effects of service demand and
changes in the engineering characteristics of
the network and/or its users, and to determine
the most cost effective means of providing the
required level of service.
_(U) The detailed engineering description must include those
characteristics of COINS II participating systems/networks that
will effect the major measures - of capacity, throughput, avail-
ability and cost. The characteristics of importance include
hardware and software specifications, processing times as a func-
tion of system loading, data "packet" formats, segment functions
and lengths, reliability of system elements, processing/protocol
restrictions or constraints, error characteristics and baud
rates of communication circuits, etc.
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The requirements data should be analyzed in terms of such a -
detailed engineering description of the current COINS network.
Given an accurate representation of the capacities of the elements
of the network and the effects of their mutual enteraction, it
will then be possible to accurately identify the nature, location
and loading effects and likely to be experienced as a result-of
new user reports.
(U) The size and expected growth of the COINS network has
proceeded to the point where CMIS would appear to be the appro-
priate mechanism for continued growth management and long range
planning assistance.
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(U) Consideration of the findings presented in the previous
section,. in conjunction with more specific technical findings
detailed in the subject report, lead to the following major
recommendations:
1._(U) The COINS PMO should take action to expand the
capacity of the COINS network, associated host pro-
cessors and Front-End Processors/GATEWAYS to meet the
projected requirements for concurrent interactive access.
The significant projected gap between allotted
and'required concurrent access can only be closed
through modifications and extensions of existing
hardware and software, changes in policies re-
lated to access restriction, and management of
the introduction of new user and service improve-
ments. Initial steps should include the expansion
of the capacity of the WINDMILL NAS, the SOLIS
and PROJECTOR communications software. Soft-
ware changes/improvements should be introduced
to allow limited interaction between NDS terminals
and the SOLIS and PROJECTOR systems, conversion
of NAS batch protocols to PROJECTOR transaction
protocols (and vice-versa), implementation of
synchronous operations between the TAS and its
terminals, and implementation of a logical
acknowledgement between TAS and SOLIS.
2.(U) The COINS PMO should investigate the possibility of
instituting a priority system for allocating COINS II
access capability under appropriate .conditions.
The current allotment of external access capacity
to particpating COINS II host processors and net-.
works has been established on a largely arbitrary
basis. There is considerable likelihood that
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backlogs will occur under peak demand situ-
ations, such as crises, because of existing
non-technical limitations. A study should
be made of possible effective methods of
alleviating such backlogs through the esta-
blishment of a system of priorities to promote
the effective use of existing allotments and
to consider the extension of access capacity
under prescribed conditions.
3..(U) The COINS PMO should undertake the development of a
COINS Management Information System (CMIS) to provide
support in the management of network growth, plan for
the provision of improved 'services and avoid the crea-
tion of network choke points.
Significant increases in demand for COINS II
network services are projected for both the near
and long term. No accurate planning method exists
for projecting the effects of increased demands or
for determining the most cost-effective way of
providing needed services. A CMIS, consisting of
a detailed engineering description of the COINS
II network, projections of specific user require-
ments for interactive access and analytic tools for
the examination and solution of network engineering
problems is essential to efficient management of
COINS II growth. Without such a capability COINS
II may, itself, become a choke point in the larger
network of intelligence-related information/commun-
ication systems.
4. (U) Consideration should be given to eliminating the proposed
COINS II/IDHSC II GATEWAY and establishing an interim
capability until the completion of the GATEWAY between
COINS II and AUTODIN II.
The proposed COINS II/IDHSC II GATEWAY will be
extremely costly and technically difficult to
complete. It would provide a unique inter-
connection only until 1931, the scheduled
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operational date for the CO1N$ Il/AUTODIN II GATEWAY,
which would provide a service capability for the same
user community. The COINS II/AUTODIN II GATEWAY will
be much simpler and less costly to complete due to
the networks'similarities in technical characteristics
and communication protocols. An interim capability
can be provided to serve IDHSC users through the
installation of TAS equipment until the AUTODIN II
GATEWAY is available.
5. (U) COINS II host processor systems should be modified to
provide for batch interrogation as a backup capability
where interactive access is restricted.
Significant potential exists for interactive access
capacity into specific host processors to be fully
utilized in peak situations, causing delays and
backlogs. The availability of batch interrogation
capability would provide an alternative means for
users who need access but cannot access the host
in a demand or interactive mode. Deferred user
requests might be placed in a gueue on a first-in,
first-out basis, or perhaps the queue might be
ordered on a user-estimated time priority basis,
such as "answer needed in 2 hours" or "answer
needed next; day".
6. (U) The COINS PMO should undertake a design study of TAS
capability expansion to determine the potential perfor-
mance impact of the planned extension of TAS terminal
capacity and the accessing of TAS terminals by outside
users.
Current plans exist for expanding the number of
terminals handled by ar TAS from 32 to 64. At the
same time, plans are for TAS terminals to be accessed
by other COINS II user networks. Performance
capabilities of the TAS may be seriously degraded in
such an extension of capability due to significant
increases in system overhead and .ffects on the
operating system. A design-oriented study is
needed to determine the extent to which such an
expansion of capability could be made, the changes
needed to accommodate this expansion, associated
costs and the effects on TAS performance under
various load conditions.
l. C. Staff
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1. CSC Report No. SD-77/4132, "Gateway Techniques for Inter-
connect of Digital Networks", (Draft) (16 December 1977).
2. COINS II Front End Processor Systems (Second Draft),
8 February 1978, H. Kinslow Associates.
3. Bolt, Beranek & Newman Report No. 3908 (August 1978),
"Design Specification for the COINS II/ARPANET Gateway".
4. BBN Report No. 3932 (September 1978), "A Supplement to:
Design Specification for the COINS II/ARPANET Gateway".
5. COINS PMO (3 November 1977) - "COINS II-Phase I Network
Upgrade Completion Report".
6. "COINS II Network Development Plan through Fiscal Year
1980", Section II - Protocols & Services, Kinslow Assoc-
iates (24 July 1978).
7. "COINS II Network Development Plan through Fiscal Year
1980", Section I - The Network Configuration, Kinslow
Associates (15 June 1978).
8. "Adoption of Transmission Control Protocol by COINS II",
Kinslow Associates (24 July 1978) (First Draft).
9. COINS PMO - "Technical Development Plan for the Tech-
nology Transfer Research Facility (TTRF)" May 1978.
10. "The NPIC NDS System as a COINS II Host", Kinslow Assoc-
iates (.10 May 1978).
11. "Intercommunication of TIDE/PREFACE and the COINS II
Network", Kinslow Associates (11 April 1978).
12. "Final Technical Development Plan for the COINS/ARPANET
Test", Kinslow Associates (26 April 1978).
13. Draft - "Internetwork Protocol Specification", Version
4, (June 1978), Jonathan B. Postel.
14. "Specification of Internetwork Transmission Control
Protocol", TCP Version 4, June 1978, J.B. Postel.
C-78-2191
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15. "The COINS II Network Service Host", A Plan for Develop-
ment, (.Second Draft) Kinslow Associates (8 March 1978)..
16. "COINS Principals of Operations", Operational Procedure,
Number 6 - 1974, (.l September 1974).
17. "Adapt I Uniform Data Language (UDL): A Final Specifica-
tion", Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, (30
January 1978).
18. COINS Terminal Access System, "Access Authorization File
Maintenance" USERS MANUAL (30 January 19781.
19. COINS Terminal Access System, USERS MANUAL (30 January
1978).
20. COINS Terminal Access System, Tasmaster Guide (.30 January
19781.
21. Conversational Operations of Coins, Kinslow Associates
(March 1976).
22. COINS II as a Conversational Network, Kinslow Associates
(May 1978).
23. A COINS II/AUTODIN II Transition Plan, H. Kinslow Assoc-
iates (17 October 1977).
24. Installation of a COINS Terminal Access System at the
Information Science Center, H. Kinslow Associates, (.Draft)-.
25. Bolt, Beranek & Newman Report No. 1822, Interface Message
Processor - Specifications for the Interconnection of a
Host and an IMP, Revised 11 May 1978.
26. ARPANET Protocol Handbook, NIC 7104, Revised January 1978.
27. "System Performance Specification for AUTODIN II Phase
I", Defense Communications Engineering Center (February
1977).
A-2
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GLOSSARY
ADCOM
ADS
ARPANET.
ATSS
AUTODIN
BLACKER
BROF
CAU
CIA
CNCC
COC
COINS
COMSEC
CPU
CRT
C/SP
DCA
DDCMP
DEC
DEFSMAC
DFAC
DIA
DIAOLS
DISP
DODIIS
DSSCS
FE
GWY
IAIPS
C-78-2191
T.C. Staff
:ly 10, 1979
Aerospace Defense Command
Automated Document System (.State Department)
Advance Research Project Agency Network
Analytic Terminal Support System
Automatic Digital Network
An NSA R & D Experimental Project
NSA B-Group Remote Operating Facility
Command/Arithmetic Unit
Central Intelligence Agency
COINS Network Control Center
Collection Operations Center
Community On-Line Intelligence System
Communications Security
Central Processing Unit (of a Computer)
Cathode Ray Tube (Terminal)
Communications Symbiont Processor
Defense Communications Agency
Digital Data Communications Message Protocol (DEC)
Digital Equipment Corporation
Defense Space & Missile Analysis Center
Direction Finding Activity Center
Defense Intelligence Agency
DIA On-Line System
DIAOLS Improved Service Program
Department of Defense Intelligence Information System
Defense Special Security Communications System
Front-End (.Processor)
GATEWAY
Integrated Automated Intelligence Processing System
B-1
Approved rs~000 ~ R000100140018-0
 IDHSC
IIS
IMP
INI
INR
ISC
LLL
NAS
NCP
NDS
NMIC
NMIS
NMSS
NOSC
NOSIC
NPIC
NSA
NSH
NSOC
NUISS
PACOM
PLATO
PLI
SAC
SAFE
SIGINT
710/22 IE
100140018-0
Intelligence Data Handling System Communications
Integrated Intelligence System
Interface Message Processor
Intelligence Network Interface
Intelligence and Research Division (State Department)
CIA Information Science Center
Lawrence Livermore Laboratories
Network Access System
Network Control Program
NPIC Data System (U-1100 Computer System)
National Military Intelligence Center
Network Management Information System
Network Monitoring Subsystem
Naval Ocean System Center
Naval Ocean Surveillance Information Center
National Photographic Interpretation Center
National Security Agency
Network Service Host
National SIGINT Operations Center
Network Usage Information Subsystem
Pacific Command
An internal NSA packet switch network
Programmed Learning and Teaching Operations
Private Line Interface
An application on a host CB-7700) at NSA
Strategic Air Command
Support for the Analysts File Environment
A NOSIC host computer CCDC 6400)
SIGNAL Intelligence
Segment Interface Protocol
SIGINT On-Line Intelligence System (an application
on a B7700 host computer at NSA)
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 Approved 0 jF j8]B* 000100140018-0
TAS - Terminal Access System
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TIPS/RYE - An NSA host computer
TPU - Terminal Processing Unit
TTRF - Technology Transfer Research Facility
USISS - User Support Information Subsystem
WINDMILL - An NSA host computer (B7700) that contains the
SOLIS and PROJECTOR applications
C-78-2191
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10, 1979
 Appro a /10/ - 18-0
ROUTING AND T I iTTRL SUP
TO:
1.
(Name, office symbol, room number,
building, Agency/Post)
Director of Data Processing
Initials
Date
3.
.~
Ar
4
C
!L
Ion
File
Note and Return
roval
For Clearance
Per Conversation
I
Requested
For Correction
Prepare Reply
ir culate
For Your Information
See Me
mment
Investigate
Signature
Coordination
Justify
REMARKS
Mr. Johnson,
Recently, you requested a copy of a draft COINS
report "Problems Associated with Accommodating Inter-
active Hosts in COINS II. The COINS PMO just
forwarded the final version of the report.
From CIA's point of View: sections 2.3.2.1 and
3.4 discuss NPIC; 2.3.5.2 and 5.1 Project SAFE;
2.3.2.8 and 4.21 and 2.3.3.1 The
Information Science Center. As an interesting
sidelight 2.3.2.2 discusses State cables on COINS.
Again, despite the original distribution on
this report, I simply do not recall ever receiving
STAT
it. I have also forwarded a copy of the report to
DO NOT use this form as a RECORD of approvals, concurrences, disposals,
clearances, and similar actions
STATINTL
I I
Approve d1Fmrd Jeas*-i $149JA24oCIA-R
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HO
Room No.--Bldg.
2F28, Hg.
it 100140018-0