HEARINGS REGARDING COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE IN THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT- PART TWO

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-01034R000200150007-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 48
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 25, 2005
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: December 14, 1948
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2005/;
HEARINGS
BEFORE THE
COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
EIGHTIETH CONGRESS
fi SECOND SESSION
Public Law 601
(Section 121, Subsection Q (2) )
DECEMBER 7, 8, 9, 10, AND 14, 1948
Printed for the use of the Committee on Un-American Activities
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON ; 1948
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UNITED STATES ~ERNMENT-PART TWO
HS/HC-,3;z
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CONTENTS
COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
J. PARNELL THOMAS, New Jersey, Chairman
KARL E. MUNDT, South Dakota JOHN S. WOOD, Georgia
JOHN MCDOWELL, Pennsylvania JOHN E. RANKIN, Mississippi
RICHARD M. NIXON, California J. HARDIN PETERSON, Florida
RICHARD B, VAIL, Illinois F, EDWARD HEBERT, Louisiana
ROBSRT B. STairLmG, Chief Investigator
BPNJAAIIN MANDEL, Director of Research
SUBCOM.MITTRE
KARL E. MUNDT, South Dakota, Chairman
JOHN MCDOWELL, Pennsylvania JOAN E. RANKIN, Mississippi
RICHARD M. NIXON, California F. EDWARD HI+:BERT, Louisiana
RICHARD B. VAIL, Illinois
December 7, 1948:
Testimony of-
Page.
Robert E. Stripling-------------------------------------------
1380
William Wheeler---------------------------------------------
1381
Keith B. Lewis-----------------------------------------------
1385
Sumner Welles-----------------------------------------------
1386
John Peurifoy-----------------------------------------------
1391
December 8, 1948:
Testimony ol'-
Isaac Don Levine--------------------------------------------
December 9, 1948:
Testimony of-
Henry J. Wadleigh-------------------------------------------
1429
Courtney K. Owens-------------------------------------------
1449
December 1.0, 1948:
Testimony of-
Nathan L. Levine--------------------------------------------
1451
December 14, 1948:
Testimony of-
Marion Bachrach---------------------------------------------
1407
Note.-Page numbering follows preceding hearings to allow continuity in
complete sets of hearings for this session of Congress.
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HEARINGS REGARDING COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE IN THE
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT-PART TWO
UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRLSENTATIVES,
SPECIAL SUBCOMMITTEE OF T1IE
COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES,
Washington, D. C.
The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2 p. in., in the Caucus
Room, Old House Office Building, Hon. Karl E. Mundt (acting
chairman) presiding.
Committee members present : Representatives Karl E. Mundt (act-
ing chairman), John McDowell, Richard M. Nixon, Richard B. Vail,
John E.. Rankin, and F. Edward Hebert.
Staff members present : Robert E. Stripling, chief investigator;
William A. Wheeler, investigator; and A. S. Poore, editor.
Mr. MUNDT. The committee will please come to order.
We have present this afternoon Mr. McDowell, Mr. Nixon, Mr.
Vail, Mr. Rankin, Mr. Hebert, and Mr. Mundt, as acting chairman.
These hearings are a resumption of the hearings which started on
August 3, continued until September 9, and follow the publication
of an interim report, what came to be called generally in the news=
papers as the Hiss-Chambers situation.
The calling of the hearing at this particular time was necessitated
by the rather startling development and disclosures of December 2,
and the finding of some missing files and documents from the State
Department which were located in an entirely unofficial and unwar-
ranted location, [Laughter.]
The purpose of the hearing is to determine who took those secret
documents from the State Department and delivered them to Mr.
Chambers.
Secondly, we want to determine how many of these documents, if
any, or if all, reached Russian agents themselves.
Third, we want to determine whether or not this espionage ring
which ferreted these important documents from the State Depart-
ment into the hands of the man who at the time is a self-confessed
member of the Communist espionage ring, we wish to determine
whether that espionage 'ring is still operating in Government in
Washington.
And, in the fourth place, we desire to determine the importance to
the enemy and the unwarranted sources of the material which was
taken from the State Department without authority and justification.
We had expected to have Mr. Whittaker Chambers here as our
first witness this afternoon, but due to the fact that the grand jury
has been reconvened in New York City for the purpose of considering
the evidence discovered by our committee investigators, and since
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1382 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE
Mr. WHEELER. That is correct.
Mr. STRIPLING. Did you accompany Mr. Chambers to Westminster?
Mr. WHEELER. Yes, Sir.
Mr. STRIPLING. Did Mr. Donald T. Appell accompany you?
l1M'r. WHEELER. Yes, sir.
Mr. STRIPLING. What time did you arrive at Westminster, or at
the farm of Mr. Chambers?
Mr. WIIEELER. Approximately 10: 45 p. in.
Mr. STRIPLING. Did he at that time produce any records or material
in response to the subpena?
Mr. WIIEELER. Yes, Sir.
Mr. STRIPLING. Would you describe to the committee what he pro-
duced?
Mr. WIIEELER, He produced three aluminum containers that later
proved to have film in them; he produced two rolls of developed 35-
millimeter film.
Mr. STRIPLING. Where was this material taken from?
Mr. WIIEELER. It was taken from a pumpkin.
Mr. STRIPLING. Would you describe to the committee the circum-
stances under which Mr. Chambers produced this microfilm?
Mr. WHEELER. We went into Mr. Chambers' house, and he was
looking for a flashlight; he could not find one, and he turned on the
yard lights. We then went out into this field, and he picked up several
pumpkins and put them back down ; then he picked one up and said,
"Here is what you are looking for." He pulled the top off of it, and
handed it to me; I reached in and pulled out the material.
Mr. STRIPLING. Was the material which he handed to you, or which
you reached in and pulled out, the containers which I now hand you,
and which have been identified?
I now hand you a container which shall be known as exhibit 1, ask
you to examine it and tell the committee whether or not it is the con-
t
i
h
a
ner w
ich you obtained from Mr. Chambers.
Mr. WHEELER. This is the container. It has my initial on it,
date 12-2-48
the to
h
;
p
as a cross mark which l placed on it.
Mr. STRIPLING. You placed that upon it?
Mr. WIIEELER. It had tape on it when we originally got it.
Mr. STRIPLING, Was this particular film undeveloped at the
you obtained it?
Mr. WHEELER. Well, Mr. Appell
Mr. STRIPLING. Yes, but I main the film had not been developed?
Mr. WIIEELER. That is correct.
Mr. STRIPLING. I show you another container, and ask you if you
can identify it. It shall be known as exhibit 2.
Mr. WIIEELER. Yes, sir; it has my initial on it; also the date 12-2-48.
The top has an "X" which I placed on it.
Mr. STRIPLING. I show you another container which shall be marked
as exhibit 3, and ask you to identify it.
Mr. WHEELER. Yes, sir; it has my initial on it; the date 12-2-48.
The top is marked. It is the same container.
Mr. STRIPLING. In addition, was there also other film which was
not in containers?
Mr. WHEELER. Yes, sir. Also in the material was a small package
wrapped in waxed paper with a rubber band around it.
Mr. STRIPLING. Is this the material which you obtained in the
waxed paper?
Mr. WHEELER. Yes, sir; it has my initial and the date 12-2-48. I
identify it as the material.
Mr. STRIPLING. Now, after this material was obtained from Mr.
Chambers, did you and Mr. Appell then proceed to Washington?
Mr. WHEELER. Yes, sir. We proceeded to Westminster, where we
stopped and identified all the material with the identifying marks.
Mr. STRIPLING. Where did you identify the material?
Mr. WIIEELER. It was the American Cafe in Westminster.
Mr. STRIPLING. You stopped there at approximately what time?
Mr. WHEELER. I would say about 5 minutes after 11.
Mr. STRIPLING. Then you and Mr. Appell proceeded to Washing-
ton?
Mr. WIIEELER. Yes, sir.
Mr. MUNDT. P. m., or a. M., the 5 after 11?
Mr. WHEELER. P. in., sir.
Mr. STRIPLING. When you arrived
session of the film?
Mr. WHEELER. Mr. Appell.
in Washington, who kept pos-
Mr. STRIPLING. Now, Mr. Chairman, on the morning of December
3, Mr. Appell and Mr. Wheeler reported to the office at about 9: 15.
We opened the film which had been developed, and it was apparent
from an examination of it that it contained pictures of documents
which appeared to be from a department of the Government. I then
detailed Mr. Wheeler to take this particular film which had been de-
veloped to a photographic technician, which he did, and the following
documents or prints were made from the microfilm or film which was
obtained from Mr. Chambers.
I would like for Mr. Wheeler to identify these documents as prints
which were made in his presence.. I am going to ask that he examine
each document himself without any further identification at this time.
He was present when each document was printed from the microfilm.
Mr. WIIEELER. Each document has my initials on the back and the
date, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. MUNDT. Very well. You will examine these series and find out
if they are all ones you have seen.
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Wheeler, is it correct that each one of those
documents are numbered in consecutive order? When the picture was
made, a number was placed in the corner?
Mr. WHEELER. No; this number was on the microfilm.
Mr. STRIPLING. It was on the microfilm?
Mr. WHEELER. Yes, sir.
Mr. STRIPLING. While Mr. Wheeler is examining these documents,
Mr. Chairman, I would state what was done with these undeveloped
film.
Mr. Appell, who, if he were here, would take the witness stand, but
who is before the grand jury in New York, was instructed to take the
undeveloped film to the Veterans' Administration laboratory where it
was developed. Some of it, apparently due to age didn't runt very
clearly. These particular prints are still in the process of develop-
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meat, -I might say, and we expect to have various technicians in the
Government work further upon them in an effort to bring them out.
Mr. H%BERT. Mr. Stripling, may I ask you a question there?
Mr. STRIPLING. Yes, Sir.
Air. HEBERT. How did Mr. Wheeler know it was not a developed
film?
Mr. STRIPLING. You describe that,,Mr. Wheeler.
Mr. WHEELER. This particular film here that was in the aluminum
cylinders, Mr. Chambers told us it was undeveloped, and to take
care of it. We didn't open it and the following day, December 3,
Mr. Appell took these cylinders over to the Veterans' Administration
where they were developed.
Mr. HEBERT. Well, the undeveloped film was in the aluminum cyl-
inder, and the others were in what?
Mr. WIIEELER. They were wrapped in waxed paper.
Mr. HEBERT. The others were wrapped in waxed paper?
Mr. WHEELER. The developed.
Mr. HuBERT. And the ones that were undeveloped were in an alu-
minum cylinder?
Mr. WIIEELER. That is right.
Mr. HEBERT. Which you knew ahead of time were not developed?
Mr. WHEELER. That is right.
Mr. STRIPLING. And at the Veterans' Administration they reported
back some of it was not discernible because of age?
Mr. WHEELER. That is correct.
Mr. HFBERT. There would be no doubt it is old film, that is what I
want to establish.
Mr. WIIEELER. It has been established, I believe.
Mr. HT:BERT. Can you tell me this : Can it be established by the
marking on the film what year those films were printed?
Mr. STRIPLING. Yes, sir. I will ask, Mr. Chairman, to call another
witness at this point.
Mr. I-IrBERT. To establish that?
Mr. STRIPLING. To establish that on a particular film. We have
not been able to ascertain it all, but the principal film which we are
concerned with here can be identified.
Mr. RANKIN. Let him finish identifying those copies there, first.
Mr. WIIEELER. I can identify all those documents as coming from
the developed film, this group here.
Now, Mr. Stripling, do you wish me to go into the other group?
Mr. STRIPLING. After Mr. Appell had the film developed at the
Veterans' Administration, Mr. Chairman, I instructed him to pro-
ceed to the laboratory where Mr. Wheeler and the laboratory techni-
cian were working on the printing of the films which had already
been developed. Mr. Appell took the film there and Mr. Wheeler
was present while an effort was made to bring these prints out.
As you can see, some of them are fairly legible; others are almost
blank.
But you were present, were you not, Mr. Wheeler, when this group
of films was printed?
Mr. WIIEELER. Yes, sir; I assisted in the printing of those films.
'TTI
Mr. STRIPLING. Are there any further que tions of
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Wheeler, have you comple m
documents now?
IVlr. VV l1i.i:Llus. i uzu v ._
Mr. MUNDT. Perhaps you had better continue until you identify
them all, because they will continue to play an important part in all
these hearings.
Mr. MCDowELL. Many of them are perfectly legible, however?
Mr. STRIPLING. Oh, yes.
Mr. Wheeler, you have your initials on the back of each one of these
prints, is that correct?
Mr. WHEELER. That is correct, my initials and the date, 12-3-48.
Mr. STRIPLING. You submitted an exact copy of these documents
to the grand jury yesterday; is that correct?
Mr. WHEELER. Yes, sir.
Mr. STRIPLING. In New York City?
Mr. WHEELER. Yes, sir.
Mr. Chairman, I identify this group of documents as the group
of documents I assisted in the printing of. The films from which
the documents were printed were given to me by Mr. Appell.
Mr. STRIPLING. That is all, Mr. Chairman, unless there are further
questions.
Mr. MUNDT. Any questions of Mr. Wheeler from the committee?
(No response.)
Mr. MuNnr. Thank you, Mr. Wheeler.
Mr. Stripling, will you call the next witness?
Mr. STRIPLING. Yes; I would like to call Mr. Lewis.
Mr. MUNIYr. Mr. Lewis, do you solemnly swear the testimony you
are about to give is the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the
truth, so help you God?
Mr. LEWIS. I do.
Mr. MUNDT. Just be seated, please.
TESTIMONY OF KEITH B. LEWIS
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Lewis, would you please state your
Mr. LEWIS. Keith B. Lewis.
Mr. STRIPLING. What is your present address?
Mr. LEWIS. 2009 Peabody Street, Hyattsville, Md.
M S RI-LING And what is your occupation?
i. T
Mr. LEWIS. I am manager of the Washington office for Eastman
Kodak Co.
Mr. STRIPLING. How long have you been manager?
Mr. LEWIS. Since July of 1944.
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Lewis, did you receive a telephone request yes-
terday to come to the office of Representative Nixon?
Mr. LEWIS. I did ; yes, sir.
Mr. STRIPLING. When you arrived, were you handed a roll of film
which was manufactured by the Eastman Co.?
Mr. LEWIS. Yes, sir.
Mr. STRIPLING. I show you this roll of film and ask you if it is the
one that was exhibited to you yesterday?
Mr. LEWIS. That's right, Mr. Stripling. This is the film that you
gave to me yesterday.
Mr. STRIPLING. At our request, did you communicate with your
k
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Mr. STRIPLING. And what year was this film made?
Mr. Lewis. This film was manufactured by Eastman Kodak Co. in
1937.
Mr. STRIPLING. That is all, Mr. Chairman.
Thank you.
Mr. MUNDT. You may call the next witness.
Mr. STRIPLING. The next witness, Mr. Chairman, is Mr. Sumner
Welles.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Welles, do you solemnly swear the testimony you
are about to give is the truth, you whole truth, and nothing but the
truth, so help you God?
Mr. WEISES. I do.
Mr. MUNDT. You may be seated.
prove injurious to our diplomatic policies, this committee on its own,
then, certainly has no desire to disclose the contents of those documents.
So we would like to have your evaluation on that basis, whether it
is of such significance that its publication might prove injurious to
the national security interests of America.
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Chairman, for purposes of identifying the
documents, I would like to ask Mr. Welles if the reading aloud into
the record of the material down to here would in any wise violate any
code or restriction of the parties?
Mr. WELLES. No, in no way at all., Mr. Stripling.
Mr. STRIPLING. This document, Mr. Chairman, which contains the
number 53 in the corner, and taken from the microfilm which has
just been identified by Mr. Lewis, states as follows; it has a stamp
in the right-hand corner which says, "Assistant Secretary of State,
January 14, 1938:
"M
"
"
r. Sayre
--that is a part of the stamp. It is dated
Paris,
Mr. MUNDT, Will you tell the committee, Mr. Welles, the Period
of time in which you served as Under Secretary of State? January 13, 1938; received, 3:15 p. in."- the letters" E. D. A." "This
Mr. WELLES. From May 1937 until September 1943. telegram must be closely paraphrased before being communicated to
because it was during the period when you were Under Secretary of IngLOn OO," i anuary 1 O, e p. in., section 1, strictly conticiential, for the
State that many of these documents which are exhibits were dated and Secretary.
during which they were presumably taken from the State Depart- I shall now ask Mr. Welles if he will read this document carefully
ment. It is an established policy of the House Committee on Un- and tell the committee whether or not the national security would
American Activities that whenever possible, and in the public interest, be violated in his opinion, by the reading of this document into the
public business shall be conducted publicly. We have adopted the public record.
policy, therefore, of taking the public into our confidence whenever Mr. WEr,Lh:s. Mr. Chairman, after reading this message, it is my
that can be done in hearings of this type, without injury to anybody's conviction that without regard to the interests of any individual,
ld
individual character, or without injury to the public interest. any other interest, the publication at this time of this message would
be, prejudicial to the Nation's interests.
We are confronted today with this array of documents, many of Mr. RANIcIN. Is that one of the documents that was just identified
them secret in nature, taken from the State Department. a while ago by Mr. Wheeler?
We have asked you to come before us primarily to seek your counsel, Mr. STi IPt.IG. It is sir.
in the first place because you were Under Secretary of State, and in
the second place, because you are now a private citizen and can give Mi.. of the Thank you, Mr. Nell . It is not, going to be the
purpose of thcommittee, I aught say, t to press you for your reasons,
an objective opinion, since you are no longer connected with the-De- because quite understandably your reasons might be just as prejudicial
partment of State, as to whether or not the information contained in interests of the Nation as the, document itself.
these documents is of such a nature and is of such vital concern to to Mr the. t~terest . That might be the difficulty.
our national security, or high diplomatic purposes that it would be
ag inst the public interest to have them put in the public record. Mr. STRIPLING, Mr. Welles, I would like to ask yotu .t if in .ar1938 a docu
a 9 " whether
For that reason, so that you can counsel us wisely, I have asked the meat was marked "Strictly confidential, for the-Secretary," if 3
chief investigator to show you a few of these documents, to identify or not it would be classified as a "top secret,, document?
them sufficiently for the record without disclosing their contents, and Mr. WELLES. Decidely so, Mr. Stripling.
Mr. STRIPLING. I show the witness a document dated January 14,
then ask you to take your time and read them-some of which have 1938, Paris, received 3:35 p. in., which also contains a stamp in the
been shown you previously-then to tell the committee whether or right-hand corner, "Assistant Secretary of State, January 14, 1938,
not in your opinion it would be in the public interest to put these in Mr. Sayre." It contains the number 5 in the corner, Mr. Chairman.
the records where the public can have access to them. however from examining the continuity of these documents, I believe
Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Chairman, may I say by "in the public interest" that it should be 55, or that only one-half of the 5 shows. It states,
you mean the national security? "E. D. A. This telegram must be closely paraphrased before being
Mr. MUNDT. The national security. It is not the purpose of this communicated to anyone." and then in parentheses "(D), Secretary
committee, I might add, to take out of the record documents which of State, Washington 63, January 13 16, 6 p. in., section 2."
would simply prove embarrassing to people perhaps because they were I ask you, Mr. Welles, if you will read this document and tell the
in the record, but if the material taken from those microfilms is of committee whether in your opinion the national security will be
vital significance to our national security, or if its publication might violated in an wa it publication. y
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Mr. WELL ES. Mr. Chairman, this, of course, is the second section
of the same cable, of which the first section has already been passed
up to the committee. Except for the fact that it is the second section
of a cable of which the first section, in my judgment should not be
.published, the second section, taken by itself, contains nothing, in my
opinion, which would be detrimental to the national interests, were
it to be published.
Mr. MUNDT. Thank you.
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Chairman, the committee has issued a subpena
on Mr. Robert Cleveland, who is the attorney for Whittaker Chambers,
calling for him to produce certain records which were submitted at a
pretrial examination in Baltimore during the month of November.
During this pretrial examination, Mr. Whittaker Chambers, while
giving a deposition, submitted a number of documents which he alleges
under oath were given to him by a person employed in the State De-
partment.
One of these documents, which has been turned over to the committee
in response to the subpena served on Mr. Cleveland, is dated February
15, 1938, 4 p. m. It says: "Telegram sent Amlegation, Vienna.'
I will ask you, Mr. Welles, to examine this document and tell the
committee whether the public interest would be violated, or the na-
tional interest sand security would be violated by the publication of
that document.
Mr. WELLES. Mr. Chairman, I believe that this document also if
published now would be prejudicial to the Nation's interests.
Mr. MUNDT. Thank you.
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Welles, were any of these messages which I have
shown you, would they be sent in code? Is there anything to indicate
that they were sent in code originally?
Mr. WELLES. All of these messages, Mr. Stripling, originally were
sent in code and undoubtedly those marked "strictly confidential" or
"strictly confidential, for the Secretary," would presumably be sent
in one of the most secret codes then in our possession.
Mr. STRIPLING. Would the possession of the document as translated,
along with the original document as it appeared in code, furnish an
individual with the necessary information to break the code?
Mr. WELLrs. In my judgment, decidedly yes.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Stripling, it would occur to me that inasmuch as
these documents are quite apparently of such significance that the con-
tents cannot be disclosed at a public hearing of this nature without
certainly examining each one in detail, that we should not take the
time to do that at this hearing today; that Mr. Welles has served his
purpose as a witness at a public hearing, and at an executive session
we could go into this matter in further detail, for the purpose of help-
ing to sort out the evidence to make sure that nothing of vital danger
to our national security is made public. Unless you want to take up
these documents with him separately, this would serve to show the
committee that we obviously cannot make this material public at this
time.
Mr. STRIPLING. The next document I would like to show the witness,
Mr. Chairman, is a memorandum which is 16 pages long. If you would
like for Mr. Welles to examine it in executive session, that is up to
the committee.
Mr. MUNDT. I think you might as well do it in executive session.
That is a pretty long document to read, and we have before us, at least
the definite conviction of Mr. Welles that the material secured in these
microfilms is of such a nature that if published it would prove highly
prejudicial to the security interests of the Nation, and I see no reason
why he should read each document at this time for that purpose. I
think Mr. Welles can remain with us for a while in executive session
afterward, and we can pursue that at that time.
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Welles, while you are on the stand, I would like
to ask if you recall the position of Mr. Francis B. Sayre in the Depart-
ment of State during the period 1938?
Mr. WELLES. He was Assistant Secretary of State at that time,
Mr. Stripling.
Mr. STRIPLING. I have here the register of the Department of State
for 1938, and it says :
Charged with economic, financial, tariff, and general trade questions of such
other duties as may be assigned to him by the Secretary of State; Francis B.
Sayre, Assistant Secretary of State ; Alger Hiss, assistant to the Assistant Secre-
tary; Eunice A. Lincoln, private secretary; Auna.Belle Newcomb, clerk; Robert
T. Greenfield, messenger.
Do you know when Mr. Sayre left the Department of State?
Mr. WELLES. I am afraid I cannot remember the exact date. That
of course is a matter of record.
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Chairman, in having Mr. Welles examine these
documents in executive session, I should like very much, if possible, for
him to tell the committee the various departments of the State Depart-
ment that they emanated from, or the proper channels that they would
ordinarily flow through.
Mr. MUNDT. I am sure Mr. Welles would be willing to cooperate.
Mr. WELLrS.' In every possible way, Mr. Chairman. May I make
one concluding remark at this stage?
MI'. MUNDT. Yes, sir.
Mr. WELLES. I feel, of course, as you indicated in your statement
a few minutes ago, Mr. Chairman, that in determining what is preju-
dicial at this moment to the Nation's security by the publication of
documents of this character, the responsibility should clearly be borne
by the present high officials of the Department of 'State. For many
years, 5 years, I have been unfamiliar with the official inner workings
of the conduct of our foreign relations, and there may be certain rea-
sons which in the Department the present judgment would render
the publication of documents, which to me would seem safe, undesir-
able, or vice versa. I merely want to make that as a reservation to
the opinion I have offered.
Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, I understand that Mr. Peurifoy,
Assistant Secretary of State, is present, and I wonder if it would be
in order to submit some of these statements to him and get his reaction
before we go into executive session.
Mr. MUNDT. He is the next witness.
Mr. HEaERT. May I ask some questions?
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. H6bert.
Mr. HESERT. Mr. Welles, I understand your position as enunciated
at the moment. May I ask you this : Were you the Under Secretary
of State at the time these documents were received in the State
Department?
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 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE 1391
1390 COMMUNIST EsPIONAC proved For Release 2005/12/23 CIA-RDP83-01034R000200150007-7
Mr. HEBERT. And at that time, would their release to the public, or person, but now, 10 years later, it would still be prejudicial to the
their release to unauthorized hands be prejudicial to the best interests national interest to release those documents?
of the Nation? Mr. WELLES. In my judgment that is entirely correct, sir.
Mr. WELLES. In the highest degree prejudicial, and in the highest Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Vail, any questions?
degree dangerous to the Nation's interests. Mr. VAIL. Was the accessibility of these documents limited, Mr.
Mr. Hu BERT. And you, as Under Secretary of State at that time, Welles, to certain people?
had you known that there was a leak in the Department, you would Mr. WELLES. As I said before, sir, they were distributed in very
immediately have brought the proper action to bring the guilty parties Therestricted official to m by rt der ey fowe su e the office oo f th , Secr eta yeo oState.
to their proper disposition?
Mr. WELLES. Decidedly so. for maintaining their confidential. nature, and in general terms I
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Welles, while you were Under Secretary of can say that documents of the kind I have seen would have been ex-
State, was it ever necessary that you were called to dismiss or discipline tremely limited in their distribution and should have been regarded al,
be k
and
l anyone in the Department of State for violating the restrictions of the kas in the highest ey unt l they were urnedoo er to the pr per ccustody ofit e Arch ves
Department? nt?
Mr. WELLES. It is my understanding that at the time I was Under Division.
Secretary certain actions taken by the Assistant Secretary then in Mr. VAIL. But then the people to whom these documents were avail-
charge of administration, with regard to improving the security of the able would be identified at this time?
code rooms and the code employees in the Department of State-I am Mr. WELLES. It would seem so to inc.
afraid I cannot remember, Mr. Stripling, since it did not come directly Mr. VAIL. That is all.
within my jurisdiction, exactly what action was taken. To the best Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Welles, who could establish the identit of the
my recollection certain employees were dismissed and others trans- people to whom I these believe that documents Mr. Peurifoy will
ferred. p obably be e able
Mr. WELlrman
I
the Mr. STRIPLING. Some were dismissed and others transferred? cordslhave been kept as to l than I ibut onlthat was a thori zed at that
Mr. WELLES? Yes sir. time.
Mr. STRIPLING. Those are all the questions I have.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. McDowell, do you have a question? Mr. MUNDT. Thank you, very much. We appreciate your coopera-
Mr. McDowELL. No questions. tion and if you will stand by, we will have an executive session after
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Nixon? this hearing.
Mr. NIXON. Mr. Welles, in the case of a "strictly confidential for the Mr. WELLES. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. MUNDT. The Chair would like to call Mr. John Peurifoy, the
Secretary" type of document, as I understand one of these documents Secretary of State.
was, at the time you were in the Department of State would such a ,AssiMsstant nt Sefo doeou o solemnly swear the testimony you are about to
document kept in what you might term m a certain type of file f ur safe- give is the truth, whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help
keeping, , and only one no or more copies made? I wonder if you could you God?
enlighten us on that point. Mr. PEURIFOY. I do, sir.
Mr. WELLES. The distribution would have been extremely restricted,
l
i
a
s
and as soon as the documents had been distributed to certain offic
and read by those officials, they were supposed to be collected and
taken to a section of the archives in the Department of State that was
reserved for "strictly confidential" information.
The exact distribution of documents of that highly confidential
character was determined by the then Secretary of State, and the
orders were issued from his office to the code rooms as to the distri-
bution to be made.
Mr. NIXON. Certainly such a document could not, with any authori-
zation, be removed from the Department for the purpose of placing it
on microfilm?
Mr. WELLES. Under no consideration whatever, and no documents
even of a nonconfidential character, under the regulations then ob-
taining in the Department, could ever be removed for any purpose
from the Department.
Mr. NIXON. It is my understanding following the question Air.
,,,Up indicated not only were the two docu-
4T!L.,..,4 ..nir?a +i,.,i- ,, 1,,
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Peurifoy, I believe your title is Assistant Secre-
tary of State in charge of security, at least that describes the purview
of your authority; is that correct?
Mr. PEURIFOY. In charge of administration, sir, which includes
security
Mr. MUNDT. And you have held that position since what time?
Mr. PEURIFOY. I was appointed on an acting basis January 21, 1947,
confirmed by the Senate March 15, 1947.
Mr. MUNDT. You have been in the room, have you not, and have
heard all of the testimony given by Mr. Sumner Welles?
Mr. PEURIFOY. Yes, sir.
Mr. MUNDT..And you heard my
calling him to the stand?
preliminary statement prior to
Mr. PEURIFOY. Yes, sir. ttt d of the
4-1,
i
e
-
ments you nave exalml,au-,,,.,, --.y u.~ . __..... - -I---
cam
to the national interest to have released them then to an unauthorized
TESTIMONY OF JOHN PEURIFOY
u
e a
4 i is unnecessary to repeat
A
~i9 dike available to the public portions of these
 1392 COMMUNIST EsPApprqwed For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP83-01034R000200150007-7cOMMUrrrsT ESPIONAGE 1393
documents if they are not prejudicial to the national security, or to
the high diplomatic purposes of the Government, but to take every
conceivable step to safeguard the national security, even at this late
hour, by not publishing documents which Mr. Welles or which the
State Department feels would peril the national security.
Mr. PEURIFOY. I have not seen the documents.
Mr. MUNDT. No; but you understand our objective view?
Mr. Stripling will now show you the documents which he showed to
Mr. Welles ancask you some questions concerning them.
Mr. PEURIFOY. Yes, sir.
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Chairman, I will show him the same three
documents, ask that he read them all three carefully, and then we will
take them up in the order in which Mr. Welles considered them.
Proceeding in order, Mr. Chairman, the first document which the
witness has examined is the document dated January 13, 1938, marked
"Strictly Confidential for the Secretary," section 1, and signed
"Bullitt."
Do you consider, Mr. Peurifoy, that the publication in the record of
this document would jeopardize the national security in any way?
Mr. PEUR]FOY. I do, sir, for the same reason that Mr. Welles out-
lined. Section 2 of that telegram taken by itself I think would be
all right, but because of the information in the first section I think
that would not be in the national interest.
Mr. MUNDT. Thank you. Proceed, Mr. Stripling.
Mr. STRIPLING. The third document is dated February 15 1938. It
has previously been identified and is signed "Hull." I will ask you
your opinion of that document.
Mr. MUNDT. The Chair would like to ask the photographers to be
careful not to photograph the text of any of these documents.
Mr. PEUirroY. I do not believe, Mr. Chairman, that the third docu-
ment should be made available to the public in the national interest.
Mr. MUNDT. You do not believe it should be?
Mr. PUERIFor. No; sir.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Stripling, have you shown Mr.
of the documents?
Mr. ,STRIPLING. Yes, sir.
Puerifoy all three
Mr. MUNDT. The Chair would like to ask Mr. Puerifoy, having
heard the testimony of Mr. Welles, if you think perhaps you could
help the committee identify the names of the people in the State
Department to whom these documents would have been available back
in 1938, whether you can supply us with that information.
Mr. PEURIFOY. I am not sure, Mr. Chairman, that those distribu-
tion lists would be still in the Department. That is something I would
have to check. On the original there probably is printed a distribu-
tion of where these documents went. I am not sure whether this is
a copy or whether it is the actual original copy. That would show the
actual distribution and I think it would be the best source to check
that from. We could, however, go into it.
Mr. MUNDT. In your position in the State Department
check and determine whether such a list was available;
not ?
Mr. PEURIroY.
Yes, sir.
you could
could you
Mr. MUNDT. Would you be willing to do that, and if you find it,
would you give us the names of the people who did receive such
documents?
Mr. PUERIFOY. Yes, sir.
Mr. MUNDT. Thank you very much.
Mr. Rankin, have you any questions?
Mr. RANKIN. I have a question of Mr. Stripling.
I wanted to ask Mr. Stripling how many more of these documents
lie has.
Mr. 'STRIPLING. I haven't counted them, Mr. Rankin. I would say
there would probably be-well, all of these documents did not come
from the State Department, Mr. Rankin.
Mr. RANKIN. 1 know, but how many of these secret documents
have you?
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Wheeler says there are approximately 200 pages,
which have been developed.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Hebert.
Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Peurifoy, in your position in charge of security
for the State Department, would you say that documents in the
number of 200 pages removed from the Department would prima facie
indicate that they had been taken for a purpose detrimental to the
United States Government?
Mr. PEURIFOY. I would so.
Mr. HEBERT. And anybody taking them could not be perchance, or
by accident; it would have to be some systematic removal of these docu-
ments from the files for a purpose not in the interests of the United
States Government?
Mr. PUURIFOY. I would agree with that, sir.
Mr. RANK-IN. Mr. Peurifoy, could you imagine anybody taking those
records from the State Department who didn't do it with some ulterior
and unpatriotic motive?
Mr. PEURIroY. Well, actually, sir, under the regulations, the security
regulations of the Department of State, no one is supposed to take
documents like that out, even for their own use at home at night to
study. They are supposed to remain in the Department.
Mr. NIXON. May I follow that, Mr. Peurifoy?
Mr. PEURIFOY. Yes, sir.
Mr. NIXON. I understand that where a document is classified, at
least where it is classified to the extent of "Strictly Confidential" or
"Strictly Confidential for the Secretary," that the document is not
supposed to be removed from the Department to the person's home?
Mr. PEURIroY. That is right, sir.
Mr. NIXON. And if a document of such a nature were removed to
person's home, and there copied or there digested by that person, that
in itself would be a breach of the State Department's rules?
Mr. PEURIroY. It would, sir.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. McDowell.
Mr. MCDOWELL. No; no further questions.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Vail?
Mr. VAIL. No questions.
Mr. HEBERT. May I ask another?
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Hebert.
Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Peurifoy, these documents were originally highl:
restricted and even to this date their publication would be against th
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 OOMMTTNIST ESPION roved For Release 2005/12/23 :CIA-RDP83-01034R00020015000 IvIUNIST ESPIONAGE 1395
national security. Does it therefore follow that anybody having as
of this date those documents in their possession has them in their pos-
session illegally and in violation of the law?
Mr. PEURIroY. Yes, sir.
Mr. HEBERT. You are not referring to the committee, I presume.
We have them legally. But any individual having those documents,
even as of this date-in other words-let me make myself clear in lan-
guage we can all possibly understand.
If I took one of those documents, as a member of the committee,
and gave it to Joe Blow outside on the street, Joe Blow would then be
subject to prosecution for having in his possession a document ill; gally,
is that correct?
Mr. PEURIroy. That is clear to me, sir. I am not a lawyer.
Mr. HEBERT. I am not a lawyer, either; that is why I have to talk in
layman's language.
Mr. RANKKIN. I am a lawyer. If he illegally took them from the
records he would violate the law by accepting them.
Mr. PEURiroY. Well, I don't know whether Joe Blow would know
this was an illegal document he was getting.
Mr. HEBERT. Of course, I am assuming he would know it. In other
words, I am. trying to establish now for obvious reasons the fact that
if anybody had in their possession these documents illegally, and
knowingly having them in their possession illegally, is guilty, so that
the law of proscription would run against them.
Mr. PFURiroy. That would be my understanding.
Mr. RANIcIN. Let me ask you another question. Suppose someone
in the State Department should copy some of these documents, wouldn't
that be a violation of the law?
Mr. PEURIFOY. And dispose of them outside the Department?
Mr. RANKIN. Yes.
Mr. PEURTFOY. Yes, sir.
Mr. R.~NIUN. Then would it be a violation of the law for him
copy it at any rate for his own personal use?
1Air. PEURrroy. Well, he might make a paraphrase, dictate it to a
stenographer, in order to pass it to another official in the Department,
but if you mean taking a pencil and writing it out, I would say that
would be a very unusual procedure.
Mr. RAN.HIN. You are certainly of the opinion that if he copied
them for the purpose of distribution he violated the law?
Mr. PEURIrOY. Unless it were authorized by higher people; yes,
sir.
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Chairman, since this point has cone up, I would
like for Mr. Peurifoy to read three other documents I have here, as
I would like to get the status of the documents which were turned
over by Mr. Chambers at the pretrial deposition.
Mr. MUNDT. Very well, you will identify the documents-give them
to Mr. Peurifoy.
Mr. STRIPLING. I am going to ask that he read this without identi-
fication, Mr. Chairman, because this matter for the moment is highly
confidential.
Mr MUNDT Mark it with some exhibit number then so that we
can identify it in the record. Approved For Release 2005/12/23: CIA-RDP83-
Mr SPRTPT,TNfI_ Yes. sir.
These are three handwritten memoranda. We are aware of who
wrote the memoranda from the handwriting. But I would like to
determine whether or not it would be improper or unlawful to remove
this type of memoranda from the State Department, which contains
highly confidential State Department documents.
Mr. NIxoN. Mr. Stripling, so the question will be clear, your question
is whether or not it would have been unlawful to remove that type of
memoranda in 1938 at the time the memoranda were written?
Mr. STRIPLING. That is right.
Mr. NIxoN. It is not the question we had previously asked as to
whether or not the disclosure of that information today would be
prejudicial to the national interests?
Mr. PFURiroy. That is correct.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Puerifoy, you have examined the documents. The
committee would like to have your opinion of them.
Mr. PUERIFOY. Mr. Chairman, I would regard anyone making notes
of what I have seen here, in personal handwriting, and taking them out
of the Department of State, as violating certainly all the security regu-
lations of the Department.
Mr. MUNDT. Would you also consider the publication of that material
now prejudicial to the public interest, in the event they put a photo-
static copy of it in the record, together with the identity of the man
who wrote that memorandum?
Mr. PUERIroy. I would rather not answer that quite as categorically
as I did the first telegrams. I would rather say this : That this might
prove embarrassing to us in our relations with another nation. I do
not think it would prejudice our national interests, if you get the dis-
tinction.
Mr. MUNDT. It is not whether it proves embarrassing; it is the na-
tional security that is involved.
Mr. PEURTFOY. I don't think it would injure our national security,
in other words, if this document were published.
Mr. MUNDT. Whereas it might interfere with our diplomatic nego-
tiations?
Mr. PEURIFOY. Yes, sir.
Mr. NixoN. Your point is, then, that the release of these documents
in your opinion would, to use a term that doesn't go as far, would
possibly injure the United States? It could possibly, due to the fact
that it would place us in a poorer bargaining position with another
nation?
Mr. PEURIroY. At this particular state of affairs in the world; yes,
sir.
Mr. NIXON. If you, as a State Department official, were to make the
decision as to. whether or not the information contained in these docu-
ments just shown to you should be made public or not, your decision
would be that it should not be made public?
Mr. PEURIroY. That is correct, sir.
Mr. NIxoN. If you had the decision to make?
Mr. PEURiroY. That is correct, sir.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Hebert.
Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Peurifoy, the documents you have just read and
1-
f a-i,.,,-
s
uld
cat, i
------
you
aw wo
yo
tos ati
o
Ti "A 1RW -/c-(ndividual who did make that memorandum
 r?
1396 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE 1397
than his official activity as a member of the Department of State? mitteeiis going to make available to the FBI a photostatic copy of all
Would there be any reason for an individual to make a memorandum the documentary evidence that we have. The FBI has agreed to
such as you just looped at, in his own handwriting? cooperate fully for the purpose of helping to reproduce, with its im-
Mr. Pruiuroy. No, sir; not in mr judgment. b
Mr. Hi BrRT. There wouldn't be. proved techniques and evices some of these illegible documents that
Mr. PEIIRIFOY. There sir. we now have, and we have agreed, sir, to provide you, as the security
No, officer of the State Department, also a photostatic copy of all these
Mr. I'I1 BERT. Then if an individual did, in your judgment, make documents in our possession.
such memorandum and in his own handwriting, you would have to Mr. PEURIFOY. I appreciate that very much, Mr. Chairman. We
assume he did it for some ulterior motive?
Mr. PEURIFOY. would like very much to have copies of all these documents, if we may.
I think that is right, sir. I Mr. MUNDT. We appreciate your cooperative attitude. The thing
Mr. NIXON. Mr. Peurifoy, there is a point that I am interested in we are tr in to do is to determine who took them out.
from a legal standpoint as regards the committee. I might sa that Mr. R NI N. There can be no question about those documents being
along with Mr. Stripling, the chief investigator, we hadga conversa-
tion ied from the records of the State Department, can there? There
with two representatives from the State Department a few days co
is no question but they are copies of State Department records?
ago, in regard to the security problem involved in these documents. Mr. PEURIFOY. The documents I have seen, Mr. Rankin, I would say
It was my understanding-and I cannot recall exactly the words of "Yes" ; there is no question about it, the documents I have seen. I don't
the conversation-but it was my understanding that there is a law know about the others.
at the present time which makes it illegal to lace in a record, or to Mr. MUNDT. Thank you ver much Mr. Peurifo and I might say
have in your possession, any document illegal
a confidential code. before we break up, it is a sad commentary, but i7t certainly stands
Now, I do not know'if that question is sufficiently clear for you to axiomatically before us all when we find in the possession of Russian
understand what I mean.
agents in this country material so secretive and so vital to our national
Mr. PEURIFOY. Yes, sir; I know. defense that we cannot make it available to the American public.
Mr. NixoN. Would you enlighten the committee on that point? That seems to be the situation we are now confronted with.
Mr. PruRiFoy. I think you are referring to what is known as the The meeting stands adjourned.
Yardly Act.
(Whereupon, at 4 p. M., the committee adjourned, to reconvene in
Mr. NixoN. That is correct, executive session.)
Mr. PrURIFOY. Which prohibits the transcribing of diplomatic
notes into, say, the form of a letter, a note to a personal friend, or to
copy it down and take it out of the Department. A person would be
liable to a $10,000 fine, and I think up to 10 years' imprisonment for
doing such a thing.
Mr. NixoN. Now, to pursue that a step further, if a diplomatic
note, as you term it, were transcribed into the records of a committee
of Congress, would the people involved and the committee of Congress
be technically guilty for violation of the law?
Mr. PEURIFOY. I am sorry, Mr. Nixon, I could not answer that ques-
tion, because I do not know what the relations would be vis-a-vis the
committee of Congress.
Mr. NIXON. Thank you.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Peurifoy, you were here when I suggested to Mr.
Welles that in view of the highly secret and significant strategic nature
of these documents we were not going to ask you to examine them all,
but we would like to have you join Mr. Welles and the committee im-
mediately after the hearing of these public hearings in executive session
downstairs to consider these documents at greater length. You will
be available for that? -
Mr. PEURIFOY. Yes, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. MUNDT. I would like to express the appreciation of the commit-
tee to ,you, sir, in your cooperative attitude in bringing to the chair-
man, if possible, the identity of the people who had access to these
particular documents, because that would be very helpful to the
committee.
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 HEARINGS REGARDING COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE IN
THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT-PART TWO
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UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
SPECIAL SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE
COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES,
Washington, D. C.
The subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 8 p. m., in the caucus
room, Old House Office Building, Hon. Karl L+'. Mundt (acting chair-
man) presiding.
Committee members present: Representatives Karl E. Mundt (act-
ing chairman), John McDowell, Richard M. Nixon, Richard B. Vail,
John E. Rankin, and F. Edward Hebert.
Staff members present : Robert E. Stripling, chief investigator ;
Louis J. Russell and William A. Wheeler, investigators; Benjamin
Mandel, director of research; and A. S. Poore, editor.
Mr. MUNDT. The subcommittee will come to order, please, with the
record showing as present the chairman, Mr. McDowell, Mr. Nixon,
Mr. Vail, Mr. Rankin, and Mr. Hebert.
Mr. Stripling, will you please call the witness for this evening?
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Isaac Don Levine.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Levine, will you raise your right hand and be
sworn?
You promise to swear the testimony you are about to give is the
truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?
Mr. LEVINE. I do.
Mr. MUNDT. Thank you. Will you be seated?
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Levine, will you please state your full name
and present address?
Mr. LEVINE. Isaac Don Levine, Norwalk, Conn.
Mr. STRIPLING. Where were you born?
Mr. LEVINE. Russia.
Mr. STRIPLING. When?
Mr. LEVINE. February 1, 1892.
Mr. STRIPLING. What place in Russia?
Mr. LEVINE. A town by the name of Mozir.
Mr. STRIPLING. When did you come to the United States?
Mr. LEVINE. October 1911.
Mr. STRIPLING. When did you become a citizen of the United States?
Mr. LL~TTEVVIINE. In thh~ee1, ~spring of 1918.
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1399
 1400 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE 1401
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Mr. LEVINE. Writer and editor. Mr. MUNDT. May the Chair suggest, then, if you have read the
Mr. STRIPLING. Would you give the committee a brief resume of hearings and know the names that have already been mentioned, that
your professional background? should in the course of your remarks you feel inclined to mention
Mr. LEVINE. I started as a free-lance writer for the Kansas City a name which has not previously appeared in the record, that before
Star, 1914; was foreign-news editor of the New York Tribune, 1917; mentioning any such name you write it on a piece of paper and give
wrote my first book on the Russian revolution, published by Harper's it to the investigator, so he can submit it to the committee.
and published abroad, in 1917; went to Russia as a correspondent for Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
the Chicago Daily News and the New York Globe early in 1919; con- Mr. MUNDT. Because we are desirous not to bring into the picture
tinned for several years partly as a correspondent for the Hearst news- any new names without first having an opportunity to study the
papers; took a trip all over Russia in 1923, the first unofficial senatorial situation.
commission of inquiry, headed by Senator King and the late Senator Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
Ladd. When I returned to the United States, I took up literary work; Mr. HEBENT. And in furtherance of that, Mr. Chairman, I would
headed a book club called the Book League of America ; continued to like to say this : I would like to know in which connection Mr. Levine
write books and collaborate on books dealing with the history of the intends to bring any new names in. The fact that he writes them on
Russian revolution. a piece of paper is not satisfactory to me. I want to know how he can
This brought me in touch with a number of former Soviet employees, connect those names up, and if he intends to bring any new names in,
agents, and adherents like the :former General Krivitsky; Jan Valtin, as I expressed myself before, I will immediately move for an executive
whose Out of the Night I had edited; more recently Kravchenko, session.
whose first articles I collaborated on, and a number of others perhaps Mr. MUNDT. It is understood he is not going to bring any new names
too long to enumerate. in until he writes them out.
Since then-that is, since October 1946-I have been editing an Mr. HEBERT. I know, not only bring any new names in, but associate
anti-Communist and anti-Fascist political review of strong liberal, unnamed individuals with the situation which he is about to describe.
true liberal tendencies, named Plain Talk. Mr. LEVINE. That is s right.
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Levine, for several months the Committee on Mr. HEBENT That is understood?
Un-American Activities has had under investigation the operations of Mr. LEVINE. That is perfectly undeirstood.
the so-called Communist apparatus within the Government, from the Mr. HEBENT. With that understandng, I have no objection to the
period of 1934 through the early part of 1938. During this investi- public hearing.
gation we had before us an individual by the name of Whittaker Mr. LEarNE. Yes, sChambers. Do you know Whittaker Chambers? Mr. SEVINE Yes, sir.
Hebert, the reason that we would like to gget the
M. MEBENT. Mr. Chairman. testimony of Mr. Levine is that according to our investigation he was Mr. Mr. T. HI Bert. possibly the first-the first that we know of-the first person that
Mr. H IIiME BERT. B Be efore Mr. Levine begins his testimony tonight, I un- Whittaker Chambers went to after he broke away from the Com-
in order to give Le np you requested the appear here in h public hearing munist Party and the Communist apparatus. I think he is in posses-
executive to gi n public hearing the testimony which you gave in sion of vital facts and information which should be in the record of
executive session previously ; is that correct? proceedings.
Mr. LE VINE. No, sir. I wanted to appear in order to amplify the these ese poceedi I have no objection there, Mr. Stripling, to mentioning Mr. testimony ~uiv. I oche briefly unecutive session. or elaborating on what we already know, but specifically I have in
Mr. IIP:BI;I~T In other words, I understand your appearance here to mind right now these two names' which Mr. Whittaker Chambers
night is for the purpose of amplifying what previously is in the named as individuals who handed him Department of State secrets, or
record? other confidential data. I object to those two names being projected
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir; and to add facts. into a public hearing, until those individuals have been brought before
Mr. Hr:BERT. New facts which would be of interest to the com- the committee in a private hearing and we hear them.
mittee? Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. LEVINE. And to the country; yes, sir. r. MMr. Rankn.
Mr. H6BERT. May I ask, before you begin to testify, do you intend MMr. MUNDT. UND N. I want to say in this connection that this is one of the
e name any new names tonight that have not heretofore been pro- most vital questions that has come before the Congress in the last
Mr. STRIPLING. these hearings? quarter of a century. Undoubtedly there are other people involved,
Mr. Mr. Hebert, may I interrupt? and it is the duty of this committee to find out who those people are,
Have you read the proceedings before this committee on the panic- and to bring them to justice. So far as I am concerned, I am not
ular matter under investigation? willing to put any witness in a strait-jacket and try to tell him what to
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir; I have read the hearings, indeed. I have read say.
the proceedings. I am familiar with the contents of the record. If this witness knojvs of any other individuals who engaged in this
Mr. STRIPLING. I am sure what you have in mind, Mr. Hebert, is treasonable conspiracy to steal these records from the State Depart
that names beyond those which are not alr~~JprO d 1 iRet 2005/12/23: CIA-RDP83-01034R000200150007-7
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COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE 14UeS
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meat and turn them over to a foreign power, he ought to tell us w io in seriall at that time in the Saturda Evening Post. He came with
those people are and I shall not join in any attempt to prevent him a manuscript which contained a great deal around and about a vast
from naming them. espionage apparatus in the United States, but which lacked the kind
Mr. IHBERT. Mr. Rankin, may I say this : I don't want to Put the ofacts to make it publishable at that time in the state of American
witness in a strait-jacket. You understand, as well as anybody else, public opinion then.
how I feel about the matter. I am merely trying to possibly protect I so advised him. I developed a friendship with him. Ile was as
to don't want to use the word "rabbit"-as any hunted
individuals who are not able to protect themselves, and I want to get scared as any
to the facts as much as you, but. I l not lend myself to bringing names animal, and it was unbelievable to me that a native American citizen
up in public before the individual knows anything about it or before should fear his own shadow in the daylight in the streets of New
we know anything about it. in the center of the city.
the friendship which I
Mr. RANKIN. Well, the welfare of this country and the safety of As a result of the acquaintanceship and
this country means more than the exposure of the name of any indi York, vidual who engages in activities of this kind. developed with him, I induced him to meet Krivitsky.
Mr.eraSl TRIPLING. Now, at this point, would you describe or identify
Mr. MUNDT. erstood the instructions of Gen Krivitsky?
I think the witness has undHe was a witness, Mr. Chairman, before this
the Chair. committee, I believe, in 1939.
Mr. THBERT. Do I understand the witness is going to follow the Mr. LEVINE. Gen. Walter Krivitsky, who was found mysteriously
instructions? shot and fatally shot in a Washington hotel, I believe in the beginning
Mr. MUNDT. Yes; he has said so. of February 1941, had occupied a position of the chief of military
Mr. $ANBIN. Mr. Chairman, we usually follow the rules of pro- - intelligence or counterespionage for the Soviet Government in western
cedure here of the House of Representatives, and the rules of evidence Europe.
followed by the courts. So, whenever the witness attempts to answer Mr. STRIPLING. For what government?
a question, or a question is asked that a member objects to, why, then Mr. LEVINE. The Soviet Government. He had never been in the
he can raise the objection. Otherwise we are supposed to proceed with United States, but he knew a good many top Soviet agents who had
the hearing. journeyed to the United States on various secret errands. I was
Mr. MUNDT. The witness will proceed. It is difficult for the Chair anxious to have Mr. Chambers meet Krivitsky so as to check on the
to understand how Democrats can disagree so much during the year veracity of both of them and so as to accumulate the kind of evidence
and agree so much on election day, but it seems to be that way. I thought the American people should have.
[Laughter-1 Mr. RANKIN. Well, now, right at this point
Will the witness proceed? Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. LEVINE. Mr. Chairman, in answering the question of Mr. i Mr. RANKIN. I think it ought to be brought out that General Krivit-
Stripl.ing. may I be permitted to say a few words of introduction? sky was a refugee from communism in Russia.
Mr. MUNDT. Surely. Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. LEVINE. I have known Mr. Chambers for nearly 10 years Mr. RANKIN. The Communist regime in Russia had, you might say,
Mr. STRIPLING. Just a minute, Mr. Levine. Is that a statement? a price set on his head.
Mr. LEVINE. No, it is not a statement., it is just two sentences. Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir; exactly.
Mr. STRIPLING. Yes; all right. Mr. RANKIN. And many people think he was murdered in his hotel
M.r. MITInT? Proceed. gratification that, a here, and I am one of the men who thinks he was murdered.
Mr. LEVINE. I want to express my profound Mr. LEVINE. I think, sir, it is a very tenable theory. It simply has
committee of Congress has, after 10 years of hopeless, futile, and never been proved.
strenuous efforts to break through this particular conspiracy, has at Mr. MUNDT. I didn't quite uone statement. I thought
Krivitslq understand
last seen fit to bring it at last before the American ]p~eople and the you said that General didn't
had never been to the United States.
world at large in its true dimensions. I simply feel that l 'in grate- Mr. LEVINE. Yes.
ful as a citizen of the United States, to this body of the Congress, for Mr. RANI E. Before.
doing the wonderful job it has been doing in this particular case. Mr. LEVINE. Never been to the United States before.
Mr. STRIPLING. Now, Mr. Levine, when did you first meet Whit- Mr. MUNDT. Before when?
taker Chambers? Mr. LEVINE. Before his arrival here in December 1938.
Mr. LEVINE. Around the latter part of April or the beginning of Mr. MUNDT. That is what I wanted to find out. He came here
May 1939. in 1938?
Mr. STRIPLING. 1939? Mr. LEVi.:E. That is right.
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir. Mr. MUNDT. Thank you.
Mr. STRIPLING. Would you describe to the committee the circum- Mr. LEVINE. But he had known over a number of years before of
Stances of your meeting this individual? f d after I had various agents who had commuted between secret points in Europe and
Mr. LEVINE. He carne to me Gthroug eneral Pr a rrerI W5/12/23: CIA-RDP83-0 ,I rcl States.
collaborated on the articles of General A`M ?, o ild be anti-Soviet or anti-Communist agents?
 COMMUNIST ESPIONA Pproved-For Release 2005/12/23
Mr. LEVINE. Soviet agents. He was a man who was on the inside
of the secret service and intelligence headquarters in Moscow, and his
information was vast.
Mr. RANKIN. He made one of the best witnesses before the Dies
Committee on Un-American Activities that I have ever heard, I mean
in exposing the workings of communism in Russia.
Mr. LEVINE. I am acquainted with the record; I am sorry I wasn't
present at the hearings. I quite agree.
I want to get on, Mr. Stripling, in answer to your question.
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Chairman, I want to get the continuity here, if
I could.
Mr. MUNDT. Proceed, Mr. Stripling, and interrogate the witness.
Mr. STRIPLING. Go ahead, sir.
Mr. LEVINE. The meeting that I arranged between Chambers and
Krivitsky-and Chambers was very fearful and suspicious that 1
might be leading him into a trap-started some time in the evening.
I was present for 2 or 3 or 4 hours and as I have repeated before,
when I awoke in the morning at 7: 30 or 8 o'clock in the morning the
light was still on in the front room, and the two men were still talking
over coffee.
But during the hours that I witnessed the conversation a number
of things developed which showed how these two men mutually sup-
plemented and complemented their particular bits of knowledge. It
was like fitting a jig-saw puzzle together and it was astonishing. And
the most astonishing thing that developed that night was the identi-
fication of the man who is now in the press under the name of Colonel
Bykov. That occurred in my presence.
Mr. Chambers, I believe, did not know him under that name. He
simply described a very high top-secret officer of the Soviet secret
service in this country, under an alias.
Mr. STRIPLING. And what was the alias?
Mr. LEVINE. I believe that the alias at that time was Peters, but
I am sure that two or three other aliases were mentioned and one of
them immediately led to an exchange of physical identification marks.
And I remember it very vividly for the following reasons :
First, Krivitsky described him as a man with singular, reddish eye-.
He was small, had red hair, came from Odessa, and described him a-
a very dangerous man.
When he found out from Chambers that this man was here and that
Chambers knew him, I think he turned livid several times. There is
no doubt in my mind from the remarks that Krivitsky made that he
regarded him as one of Stalin's ace operatives.
Mr. STRIPLING. Did he state that he had any personal knowledge or
this man Colonel Bykov operating in any other country of the world
with the Soviet police?
Mr. LEVINE. I am sure that he stated that Colonel Bykov-that he,
Krivitsky, had crossed the path of Colonel Bykov in dozens of different
places, probably from Italy to Holland, because Krivitsky had oper-
ated, before coming to the United States, in half a dozen western
European countries.
Mr. STRIPLING. Go ahead, Mr. Levine.
Approved
CIA-RDP83-01034R00020015006 I MUNIST ESPIONAGE 1405
Mr. LEVINE. After this first meeting, when Mr. Chambers found
that his articles could not be published because he was not prepared'
at that time to incorporate in them the material which I thought was
essential to their marketability, Mr. Chambers and I did not see each
other very much for some weeks or months until the Stalin-Hitler
pact bombshell was, shall we say, exploded on August 23d, I believe, or
24th, 1939.
By that time I was convinced from numerous conversations with
Krivitsky that the Soviet Government had our codes; that the Soviet
Government was getting a torrent of information from numerous
Government bureaus in the United States ; that the Soviet Govern-
ment had at least one agent in the United States Embassy in Moscow
who supplied Soviet secret service with information right on the spot.
And that the Soviet Government spends a fortune in carrying out
a single assignment of its secret service.
I asked Mr. Chambers if he would come forward, in view of the
international situation, the threat of war which we regarded not as
imminent, but as tantamount to a declaration of war-that is the way
I, for instance, Krivitsky, and a few of us regarded the Stalin-Hitler
Pact-and Mr. Chambers felt the same way, reacted instantly and
said to me, "If you could take me to the President of the United
States it wouldn t take any time with the evidence in my possession
to crack this case wide open."
Mr. STRIPLING. Can you remember exactly, or approximately, when
that was?
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir. That was within 48 hours of the signing of
the Stalin-Hitler Pact. The conversation took place in the neighbor-
hood of the Time offices, the offices of Time, and Mr. Chambers, who
was still a very fearful roan at that time, gave me a memorandum
with his private telephone number then, which I have retained, on
this Time office stationery.
I told him I knew President Roosevelt's private secretary, McIntyre,
or one of his secretaries, rather. In fact, it so happens that I also
knew the late President Roosevelt, slightly, but not too well, but I
have had a short conversation with him once. And I undertook to
proceed to Washington.
I saw Mr. McIntyre. I believe I mentioned Chambers' name to
him. I think the conversation probably lasted 10 or 15 minutes.
I sketched
Mr. STRIPLING. Pardon me. Where did you see Mr. McIntyre?
Mr. LEVINE. When or where?
Mr. STRIPLING. Where?
Mr. LEVINE. In the White House in his office, adjacent to the press
room.
Mr. STRIPLING. Did you call him before you came to Washington;
did you make an appointment?
Mr. LEVINE. I probably did; I do not recall. It was not necessary
for a newspaperman to do that. You could drop in, wait a few
minutes, and talk to the man. He was a very friendly person.
Mr. STRIPLING. But did you go to see Mr. McIntyre for the sole
purpose of bringing this matter to his attention?
Mr. LEVINE. For the sole purpose, and I carne to Washington for
For Release 2005/12/23: CIA-RDP83-01,034RQO.4Z1Od.50007-7
Mr. STRIrI,ixo. All right, go ahead.
 1406 COMMUNIST ESPIApproved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP83-01034R0002001500090- MUNIST ESPIONAGE
1407
Mr. LEVINE. I sketched the story in a few minutes. Mr. McIntyre, When I got back to the Hay-Adams Hotel I made notes.
of course, was acquainted with the Krivitsky articles. I think we dis-
cussed it for a couple of minutes, he asked me some questions. You 'see, Berle last?
Krivitsky had foretold the Stalin-Hitler pact and that put me in a Mr. LEVINE. The dinner conversation in the presence of Mrs. Berle
preferred position with Mr. McIntyre because I saw him 2 or 3 days did not touch upon any of the purposes of the evening, it was light
after the Stalin-Hitler pact, and when the article had first been pub- talk. Subsequently, I should say 3 hours.
lished in March 1939, there were even editors on the Saturday Evening equen. 'Three hours?
Post-which has a large staff, of course, of editors-who doubted that MMrr.. STRsTRIPLI G. least.
particular article. Mr. STRIPLING. Now, Mr. Chambers, did he tell his story to Mr.
That paved the way for my conversation with Mr. McIntyre. Mr. tell it for him?
McIntyre was very sympathetic, very friendly, but he intimated that BerMe,le, or or d diid d you u t te
this is not a matter that the President himself should, at such a critical Mr. STRIPLING. He told it?
time-it was a rather exciting and critical time on the eve of the war- Mr. LEVINE. Mr. Chambers told the story; occasionally I reminded
shall we say, to handle. This was not a matter for the President, and him of something that he may have told me that I knew of which
he suggested that-he asked me if I knew Mr. Berle, who at that time fitted into a detail.
was Xssistant Secretary of State, Adolph A. Berle, Jr., and I said I Mr. STRIPLING. How much detail did Mr. Chambers go into with
did. He informed me, and that was the first time I heard about that Mr.. Berle? For example, did he name the people?
fact, that Mr. Berle, among other duties, was handling liaison with our r LEVINE. For sir.
intelligence bureaus and divisions of the Government. Mr. STRIPLINYe example,
sae ave him the names of people in the Department
He telephoned Mr. Berle. It wasn't necessary. Mr. Berle later of State, for example
testified that he telephoned to him and I went over and saw Mr. Berle. oMr. LEVNE. Yes, p sir.
Mr. Berle, of course, had no knowledge whatsoever of the existence Mr. STRIPLING. Whom he said were looting or taking files and doing
of Mr. Chambers, but he had known me over a long period of years what with them?
just oh and off, casually, and I think he had confidence in me. I told Mr. LEVINE. Transmitting them, photostating them,, and transmit-
will this man wanted to see the President, what he had, and he ting them to Soviet agents, secret Soviet agents, to be sent to Moscow.
will not come to the State Department because if I brought him to the Mr. them to STRIPLING. Dg ts Berle express any alarm over t Mr. Chain-
would Department he feared being recognized and identified, but he he' stSTy ?
would come to some private place. Whereupon, Mr. Berle was kind Mr. LEVINE. I definitely remember that Mr. Berle was deeply im
enough to arrange for a dinner at his home at the Woodley House, the pressed and very much concerned over it. The pf I may say a
house which was the property of former Secretary of War Stimson, word here, an very meeting was for over iMr. t Berle purpose, go e, the mPresident.
ay say a h
Berl night of S temb was occupying at the time, and there we met the That was understood beforehand between Mr. Berle and myself.
night of September 2. Mr. STRIPLING. Why was Mr. Chambers so insistent on getting this
Mr. Chambers flew from 9 York. matter before the President; do you know?
Mr. MlrivnT. September 2,1939?
Mr. LEVINE. Yes I do know.
Mr. LEVINE. 1939. It is a memorable night, because the fate of the Can you tell the committee why?,
world was hanging in the balance between September 1, after the attack MMrr.. STRIPLING. TRIPLING. Yes. r
C Becaue ithe. Chambers felt that with war on,
Great Poland, and oSeptember n G rma 3, the declaration of war by France and regardless of the consequences, as a patriotic American, he had to act
T
were f upon Germany. and he could not sit on that information. It was the war that enabled
There e were our ofus atdinner. I am cognizant of the fact that me to bring Mr. Chambers to Washington.
Mr. Berle, who was very tired from working 16 and 18 hours a day, Levine.
KINEVINE. . Chambers
later stated, or testified that he didn't remember my presence. Mr. . bring Mr.
Levsir.
Subsequently he telephoned me and I straightened him out on the Mr. RANKIN. Would you mind submitting to the committee at this
l
f, he d you miI de escribed to him exactly how Mrs. Berle sat, where I sat, to Mr. Berle that night?
where Chambers sat, where he sat, the corner of the room-I had Mr. LEVINE. Sir
never been to the house before and have never been there since-the Mr. RANKIN. Who were looting the records of the State Depart-
lie of the room after dinner where we repaired to, the desk where
lie made notes when Chambers spoke. It was a hot night; we went ment.
out and sat under the big tree as we talked for an hour or so. I re- Mr. LEVINE. I would rather not do it. I think it should be done in
called all that to him. executive session, and if I am permitted, Mr. Chairman, I would like
Mr. Chambers unfolded a picture which, as you already know, to give my reason for it. My information, after all, is second-hand.
showed a systematic, highly organized apparatus looting not only the Mr. Chambers' information is first-hand. I came here really to talk
about something else, about the efforts of atn American and a few
State Department but he was pnrticu
? c 3~1c1 Fars t ~e S/12/23: CIA-RDP83-019,,3 Q.QQ20;0119DQQ7~-TI the conspiracy of silence, ,inch that is what I
Department, but Government files in many ureaus nng on. would like the members of this coiuinittec to listen to.
80408-48-pt. 2--3
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1405 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Levine, let me interrupt you.
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. STRIPLING. This committee is principally concerned now
Mr. RANKIN. Now, just a moment right there. I don't want to let
that statement go unanswered. I am willing to wait and get this
information in executive session, but what you are saying is not hear-
say testimony, because you, according to your statement, heard Mr.
Chambers tell the Under Secretary of State that there were indi-
viduals, giving their names, iii the State Department, looting the State
Department of documents or records that were of vital interest to
the safety of the Nation.
Mr. LEVINE. Sir, will you permit me to answer the question as fol-
lows : The names of Alger Hiss and Donald Hiss were among those
which I recorded on paper in ink upon my return to the hotel.
Mr. STRIPLING. What hotel were you stopping at?
Mr. LEVINE. Hay-Adams House in Washington.
Mr. STRIPLING. You mean after this conference you went to your
hotel ?
Mr. LEVINE. Yes.
Mr. STRIPLING. Had you made notes of that conference?
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir; that night.
Mr. RANKIN. You said Alger Hiss?
Mr. LrviNE. Alger Hiss and Donald Hiss.
Mr. STRIPLING. Now, those two names
Mr. MUNDT. Before we leave the names, I take it there were other
names, but those are the two names which have previously appeared.
in print, and that. is why you mention these two names now?
Mr. L1 viNE. Yes, sir.
Mr. MUNDT. The other names you will give us in executive session?'
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. MUNDT. Very good.
Mr. STRIPLING. What did Mr. Berle say at the conclusion of this.
conference? Did he say what action he intended to take, or what
he intended to do about it?
Mr. LEVINE, Mr. Berle left us with the feeling that he was going
to act in the matter, and that times being what they were, it would
have to be handled with the utmost. delicacy and that, we should not
pry too much, nor be too impatient as to the procedure which the proper
Government agencies would take.
Mr. STRIPLI_-,,;G. Now, Mr. Levine, I am interested in one particular
thing. In your conferences and conversations with Whittaker Cham-
bers, did he ever at any time tell you that he had any documentary
evidence to substantiate his allegations?
Mr. LrvINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. STRIPLING. When did he tell you that?
Mr. LEVINE. In the course of the summer of 1939, when we discussed.
the marketability of his articles, I asked him if he had any evidence,,
and he told me that there was such evidence. He mentioned micro-
films and he also mentioned in a general way documentary evidence,
without going into detail.
Mr. STRIPLING. Well; did he say that that evidence was available?
M
r. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. MCDOWELL. Did he show them to you?
Mr. LEVINE. No, no.
Mr. STRIPLING. Did you ask him for the evidence?
Mr. LEVINE. I understood when I was going to Washington in an
effort to bring hire to President Roosevelt, that that is exactly what
would transpire, that Mr. Chambers would leave certain evidence
which he wouldn't show to me before the President of the United
States, and something or another would happen, and the whole matter
would be clinched right there and then.
Mr. STRIPLING. But when you took him to see Mr. Berle, did he
have with him any documentary evidence?
Mr. LEVINE. No, sir ; he did not.
Mr. STRIPLING. Did you ask him about it?
Mr. LEVINE. No, sir; not on that occasion he did not have the same
feeling about Mr. Berle that lie had about President Roosevelt. If I
remember correctly, he on several occasions had expressed his utmost
confidence in the President.
11'[r. RANK IN. Was General Krivitsky with you that night?
Mr. LEVINE. No, sir. Krivitsky did not know of that trip; and if
he found out later, that was not through me.
Mr. RANKIN. As I understand it, you were making an effort to get
a conference between General Krivitsky and President Roosevelt?
Mr. LEVINE. No, sir ; no, sir.
Mr. RANK TN. Between Chambers and President Roosevelt?
Mr. LEVINE. Between Chambers and the President. Chambers had
American material, American evidence. Krivitsky had European and
general material.
Mr. STRIPLING. Did he indicate to you where this evidence was?
Mr. LrviNL. He indicated, I think subsequently several months later
when I raised the question, that that evidence was being ke it in a
safe place for trading purposes with the OGPU and Soviet Govern-
ment in the event lie or his wife or his children met with any harm.
If his children, for instance, were kidnaped, the evidence would be
produced which could have them released. If he himself were to be
abducted, the party that had the evidence could then wield a club over
Stalin's NKVD or OGPU and use that cache of material in order to
effect the release. of either Chambers or of any member of his family.
Mr. H] BERT. Did he tell you that was why be was keeping this
cache?
Mr. LEVINE. That is what I understood to be the reason for certain
material which lie withheld.
1111'. HT;BERT. Not what you understood, Mr. Levine. What did Mr.
Chambers tell you?
Mr. LEVINE. That is what lie told me in effect, and that is what I
understood, sir.
Mr. FIiMPRr. Did Mr. Berle ask him if he had any documentary
evidence to present to substantiate the charges?
Mr. LEVINE. I do not believe that he did; I do not recall, sir, that
that question was brought up.
Mr. HEBEIrr. Did Mr. Chambers himself volunteer the information
to Mr. Berle that. he did have documentary evidence?
Mr. LEVINE. Not in my presence. It may have happened for ,;
moment while I went. to get a drink of water, or to the washroom, but
not in my presence, sir.
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1410
Mr. STRIPLING. My principal interest, Mr. Chairman, is to determine
whether or not any responsible person was put on notice that evidence
was in existence.
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. STRIPLING. Now, Mr. Nixon and Mr. McDowell have taken testi-
mony which bears upon this point, executive testimony. I would like
to determine whether or not that information before their subcom-
inittee is confirmed by any information you have as. to where this evi-
dence was, and why it was not brought forward.
Do you know whether or not Mr. Chambers advised any agenc~yy of
the Government, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, or any official
of the Government, that he had in his possession evidence regarding
this conspiracy?
Air. LEVINE. Mr. Chambers, to my knowledge, felt that having
taken the matter up with President Roosevelt's secretary, having pre-
sented the matter to the Assistant Secretary of State, he had gone far
enough in his perilous position and he knew that I was hammering
away, trying to find an opening either in the public mind, or in the
governmental minds for the Chambers story.
He knew-I believe he knew that when no action was forthcoming
from the conference with Mr. Berle, I went to former Ambassador
Bullitt-that was some 3 months later. I sketched Bullitt the whole
thing, and gave him some additional bits of information that I knew
from Krivitsky, the whole story put before Bullitt. Bullitt also
was impressed, excited, and said he would go to President Roosevelt
with it.
I described all the information in my possession, that is without
mentioning the name of Chambers to a high official in the ~tate De-
partment who had served in Moscow, Mr. Loy Henderson, who is now
United States Ambassador in India.
Mr. STRIPLING. How do you spell that?
Mr. LEVINE. Mr. Henderson, Loy, L-o-y, United States Ambassador
to India.
I kept in touch with Miss Adelaide Neall, N-e-a-1-1, senior editor of
the Saturday Evening Post at that time, and a close co-worker of
George Horace Mortimer for 30 years.
She was excited; she wanted to know all the developments. I fig-
ured that this story would break and that the Saturday Evening Post
and I might have a scoop. Nothing happened.
A year later, in February or March, 1940, I spent 2 hours with Mr.
Walter Winchell in Miami. I gave him in rough the whole story,
without mentioning the name of Chambers. Mr. Winchell claimed
that he had entree to the White House, that he knew the President
and expressed a willingness and a desire to do something about it.
Nothing happened.
After about a year and a half of futile efforts and spending quite a
bit of my own money, I decided that neither the people of the United
States nor the leaders in the Government at that time had sufficiently
familiarized themselves with Soviet espionage to make the Chambers
story credible; that it was utterly hopeless to proceed to bash one's
head against a stone wall and one had to go on and make a living, and
l abandoned my particular efforts.
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know, Mr. Levine, whether or not the Fed-
oral Bureau of Investigation subsequently interrogated Whittaker
Chambers after the conference with Mr. Berle, I mean, of your own
knowledge?
Mr. LEVINE. No, sir.
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Chambers never told you that?
Mr. LEVINE. No, sir.
Mr. STRIPLING. I am particularly interested in why he wanted to go
to the President of the United States. You say that he was a patriotic
American who wanted to get this matter before the President. Were
there any other considerations that you were aware of?
Mr. LEViNE. Yes. I think the fear that he had that Hitler and the
Nazis might get, via Moscow, all the information that he knew was
being poured out from Washington to the Kremlin, preyed on his
mind as it preyed on my mind.
Mr. McDowEI,L. Did he say that, Mr. Levine?
Mr. LEVINE. He said it in different words on different occasions to
that effect, yes, sir.
As I said before, the appalling effect of the Stalin-Hitler Pact, you
know, shook him to his foundations, as it shook us all. He knew
enough about Soviet underground activities to know that if Stalin
could not supply grain he would supply American documents to
Hitler. If he couldn't furnish oil, he could at least furnish disposi-
tions of allied military forces to Hitler and buy his grace with Hitler
that way.
Not only Mr. Chambers knew it, General Krivitsky knew it, I
knew it.
Mr. STRIPLING. Now, Mr. Levine, did Chambers in your conferences
with him regarding his participation in the Communist apparatus,
did you gain any knowledge from him at that time that there were
other apparatuses in operation in Washington besides the one in which
he alleges to have been active?
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir. Both Mr. Chambers and General Krivitsky
educated me to realize that a ring, or the rings of which Mr. Cham-
bers had knowledge, were but a. small part of a labyrinthal system
which involved, to my subsequent knowledge, at least 10 separate
centers or rings of Soviet underground activity in the United States.
Mr, STRr['LING. Now, just a minute. You say 10 rings?
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. STRIPLING. Now, Mr. Chairman, if he is going to name any of
these rings or any of the individuals mentioned in the rings, if Mr.
Hebert's request is to stand, I think that should be executive.
Mr. MuNDT. It should be executive in conformity with our com-
mittee procedure, but if you have at your command the names of the
leaders of any of these other rings, the committee certainly wants to
get that information in executive session.
Mr. LEVINE. Mr. Chairman, two or three of these can be mentioned,
because as a matter of fact, they are all a matter of public knowledge.
It is simply a question of getting to the bottom. Let's take one in-
stance, the counterfeiting of American money by the Soviet military
intelligence.
Mr. McDowELL. The what?
Mr. LEVINE. The counterfeiting of American money, $100 bills b;
the Soviet military intelligence.
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It is a ring which involved a Dr. Burtan who served a 15-year sen-
tence in Lewisburg, Pa., and who never told his story. It is a ring
which involved Nick Dozenberg, an operative who testified before
this committee and whom Krivitsky had known in Austria.
Mr. STRIPLING. Wasn't he also sentenced to prison, Nick Dozenberg?
Mr. LEvINE. I believe he served some sentence. It is a ring which
involved, according to Krivitsky, the securing of American currency
paper from an American mill which had to be transported to Moscow
in order to be able to print the $100 bills there on genuine, authentic
American stock.
Mr. MUNDT. Did you get your information about that ring from
Mr. Chambers, from General Krivitsky, or from some other source?
Mr. LEVINE. Mostly from Krivitsky, mostly from Krivitsky.
Mr. MUNDT. Do you know whether Mr. Chambers knew that?
Mr. LLVINL. I believe that Mr. Chambers knew of the case of Dr.
Burtan. It was a matter of public record, but it was a case, Mr.
Chairman-I have to explain this in two or three sentences-that we
could talk about, but you couldn't talk to outsiders, because people
laughed at you, you know. I mean, we took it for granted because
the facts were there, and, as a matter of fact, the $100 bills are dis-
played in the United States Treasury now. Anyone can go over and
look at them.
The whole inside story was known by Krivitsky; the story was
printed partly in the Saturday Evening Past, pictures and every-
thing else. The American people to this day never got to the bottom
of that particular ring, because the main figure in It chose, even when
a parole was offered to him, not to talk. He served his 15 years in
full, and the conspiracy remains unbroken. It is ust one of any
number of other things, but T am using it as an illustration only.
Mr. McDOWELL. Is he still in this country ?
Mr. LrvzNn. Who?
Mr. McDowEr L. This man who served the 15 years.
Mr. LrvINL. Oh, yes; he is an American, B-u-r-t-a-n. I am sure it
is in the committee records. I am sure General Krivitsky testified
about that.
Mr. STRIPLING. That is right.
Mr. MUNDT. You may proceed.
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know whether or not Mr. Chambers ever
talked with anyone else in the State Department about this? You
mentioned Mr. Henderson.
Mr. LEVINr. Mr. Chambers did not speak to Loy Henderson, I did.
But I do know that subsequently-and I will ask the chairman that the
name be mentioned in executive session-Mr. Chambers was in touch
with certain officials of the State Department; yes, sir.
Mr. STRIPLING. In which he set forth this information, but you are
not aware of the details?
Mr. LEVINE. I am not aware of the details, but I know a lot of time
was spent by him with certain officials of the State Department.
Mr. STRIPLING. That is all I have, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Hebert said that he feels the name of the man in
the State Department to whom Mr. Chambers talked could be made a
public record, because then we can corroborate that.
Mr. STRIPLING. Just a moment. I have read the testimony given
by Mr. Chambers at the pretrial deposition in Baltimore, and in that
deposition he names the person. The person whom he gave that in-
formation to in some detail is involved or is responsible in some de-
gree-I am not sure how much-with the security of the State
Department. He is not a person who is publicly known, and I really
don't think that his name should go into the record.
Mr. MUNDT. All right. We will get it in executive session. That
is all right.
Mr. LLVINE. Mr. Chairman, may I add a few words to my answer
to the last question in connection with the 10 rings?
Mr. MUNDT. Go right ahead, sir.
Mr. LEVINE. I feel very strongly, sir, that unless this committee, the
Government, and the people of the United States fully appreciate the
service rendered by Whittaker Chambers and in this manner encourage
other members of the underground to come forward with their ma-
terial and their stories, we will never get the truth, we will never
break the conspiracy within the Government. For what you and I
have seen is but a small segment of an enormous underground empire.
I feel that there is altogether too much preoccupation and specula-
tion as to why Chambers did not produce the documents in time, and
that there is not enough concern about the persons who stole the
papers.
I feel that Mr. Chambers was never, or was not at the time an
employee of the Government and the people who stole the papers
were employees.
I think it should be the concern of the Government and of the
people and of the press to focus the spotlight upon the persons who
did the filching, upon the persons who protected them, upon the per-
sons who gave them jobs, upon the superiors and all others who made
this dreadful condition possible.
The question before the country is not why Mr. Chambers commit-
ted or did not commit an error of judgment, but what are we going
to do in order to ferret out iii all its enormity, this horrible
monstrosity ?
I just want to say in conclusion, sir, that in Canada the Soviet
clerk Gousenko was rewarded by a grateful government for his serv-
ices to mankind. He was given honorary citizenship. He has gotten
protection from the Mounties, which he still enjoys. IIc got a pension.
Chambers has rendered a similar, if not a greater service. That
should be recognized by our press and by our authorities. They
should realize the state of terror under which an American lived after
his break with the Communist underground. He feared assassination
or abduction of his wife and chirdren. He saved the papers as
insurance.
The American people, I hope through this committee, will under-
stand the fundamental issue involved in the Hiss-Chambers thing, and
that is, let us get the entire truth, for I believe-and I am expressing
an opinion now-that Mr. Chambers dealt with only 10 percent, and
I think that is a liberal estimate, of the papers that were being rifled in
at least 30 or 40 Government bureaus in Washington and were being
shipped in dozens of suitcases, specially constructed in Moscow, for
the transportation of spools of microfilm via Mexico, Canada, Europe,
and Asia all convey inn upon Moscow They have our entire insides
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COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Levine, before asking questions, I would like
to assure you, as chairman of the subcommittee handling this case,
in connection with your criticism of the attitudes of some peoples who
concentrate on the problem of why Chambers did not disclose this
documentary evidence first, and to play down the discovery of the
people who stole the documents from the State Department, that this
committee has no control over the activities or attitudes of other
branches of government. But insofar as this committee is concerned,
we are going to continue to try to disclose the identity of the man or
people who did steal these documents in the State Department and
deliver them to Chambers and other people, and that we propose to
continue with this case until we have gotten down to the bedrock
of the fundamentals.
Certainly you have placed your finger on one fundamental, and that
is to find out who it was in the State Department who stole the docu-
ments and delivered them to Chambers, and perhaps to other people.
Now, I would like to ask you a question or two, and I am sure other
members of the committee would, too. Have you finished your
Statement?
Mr. LuvINF. Yes, sir.
Mr. MUNDT. I would like to ask you, first, a question which is more
or less standard in cases of this kind, which I hope you will feel free to
answer.
You said you were born in Russia and that brings it to mind to ask
whether you are now, or ever have been, a member of the Communist
Party?
Mr. LEVINE. No, Sir.
Mr. MUNDT. I would like to ask next whether you ever knew Mr.
Whittaker Chambers by any other name.
Mr. LEVINE. Only subsequent to my meeting him.
Mr. MUNDT. Either at the time you knew him, or subsequently, did
you ever hear him referred to by the name of "George Crosley"?
Mr. LEVINE. No, sir; never.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. McDowell.
Mr. McDOWELL. Mr. Levine, there were four people at the table
at Mr. Berle's house?
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. MCDOWELL. Will you identify those four?
Mr. LEviNE. Yes. Mr. and Mrs. Berle, Mr. Chambers, and yours
truly.
Mr. McDowELI,. Thank you. Now, you have also said that the
apparatus that was described to you by Chambers here, you feel thc're
were 10 operating rings or apparatus operating in Washington. We
have discovered three. Some of the members know of one more, and
some others know of two more, making five. Do you still feel there
are at least 10 operating or were operating in Washington?
Mr. LEVINE. That may not be the most fitting description. I feel
that there are many more than 10. I know of at least 10 separate ef-
forts by separate groups at separate times which require probing to
the bottom in order to expose at least 10, at least 10 rings. That is
the best way I can answer it.
I think if the Canadian Royal Commission found in little Canada
that there were 7 or 8 parallel centers or rings in existence, I should
not be surprised if in the United States Soviet secret service had 77
underground cells scattered from Seattle to New Orleans, doing in-
dustrial, political, governmental, scientific, and other espionage.
Mr. McDOWELL. Well, as a matter of fact, Mr. Levine, some of us
feel there are 132 in the United States.
Now, Mr. Levine, when the full committee meets, I intend to intro-
duce this resolution which I trust will be adopted by the committee.
With the permission of the chairman and the committee I will read
the resolution.
Mr. MUNDT. Very well.
Mr. McDowELL (reading) :
That the Committee on Un-American Activities has heard Mr. Whittaker
Chambers in a series of hearings since the early part of August 1948, and as
a direct result of his cooperation has been enabled to reveal to the Nation a
vast network of Communist espionage involving high officials of our Government
and the theft of documents vital to our national security. I am fully cognizant
of the fact that Mr. Chambers appeared voluntarily, risking his life, his health,
his position, and his public standing generally,
I am fully appreciative of the high patriotic motives which moved him to act.
The Committee on Un-American Activities wishes to express in behalf of the
American people its appreciation and gratitude for the service Mr. Chambers has
rendered. I am confident that his revelations will prove highly valuable and
instrumental in enabling the incoming Congress to enact legislation that will
effectively plug up the leaks which have been disclosed, and deal sternly with
all future violators of our national security.
At the same time, I hope that by revealing in all of its ugliness and sinister-
ness the real nature of the Communist conspiracy against the United States, Mr.
Chambers has set an example for thousands of other misguided individuals In
the Communist movement, and that they, too, will renounce their traitorous
conspiracy before it is too late, and before they are hopelessly enmeshed beyond
redemption In the Communist fold.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Rankin.
Mr. RANIUN. Mr. Levine, you spoke of General Krivitsky a while
ago.
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. RANKIN. I heard General Krivitsky's testimony, and shortly
after that testimony was given he was found dead in a hotel here in
Washington. You said that he was in the next room to you talking
to Mr. Chambers; is that correct?
Mr. LEVINE. After midnight, after spending 2 or 3 hours with the
two of them, I left them alone.
Mr. RANKIN. In what language were they talking?
Mr. LEVINE. German.
Mr. RANKIN. They were talking German?
Mr. LEvINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. RANKIN. The reason I ask you that, your statement puzzled me
a while ago, because when General Krivitsky appeared before the
Dies Committee he spoke in Russian and had to have an interpreter,
so your statement puzzled me in the beginning.
8o they were talking in German?
Mr. LEVINE. It is all very interesting, yes.
Mr. RANKIN. You say that he told Adolph Berle, who at that time
was Under Secretary of State
Mr. LEVINE. Assistant Secretary of State.
Mr. RANKIN. Assistant Secretary of State, about this espionage,
about this filching of the records, the stealing, in other words, of the
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1 416 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE
vital documents from the State Department. Did he tell Mr. Berle?
that he had some of those documents?
Mr. LEVINE. No, sir. That question was not asked, and he did not
volunteer, in my hearing, anything on that point.
Mr. RANKIN. You said you told Walter Winchell all this?
Mr. LEVINE. A year passed. The Stalin-Hitler pact was on. Mr..
Winchell concentrated his attention at that time upon the, Communists,
and I felt-I was in Miami-that perhaps he would spring the story
and do something about it.
Mr. RANKKIN., Did you tell him what Mr. Chambers had told you? Mr. LEVINE. I pretty well, without mentioning the name of Cham-
bers, without 'bringing up the identity of the man, outlined to him
everything I had discovered from Chambers and Krivitsky about
what was going on in Washington. He listened; he intimated that
he had been a guest at the White House, and that he might and would
do something.
Mr. RANKIN. Well, did you know of the existence of these docu-
ments that Mr. Chambers had in his possession? When did you learn
about them?
Mr. LEVINE. I learned about them in the summer of '39. I believe-
that some time in 1940 Tasked Mr. Chambers about them, and he intimated to me, in such a way that I could not quite put my finger on it,,
that he had perhaps destroyed them. He indicated that he did not
wish me to carry away the impression, when everything cooled off, that
he had the documents. And in fact, he told me the documents were
available. He never told me that he had had them in his own pos-
session because he used them as a safety shield for himself.
Mr. RANIcIN. Did you ever report that to any other Government
official?
Mr. LEVINE. I might have mentioned it to Loy Henderson whom I
saw frequently, and to one or two other loyal State Department officials:
whom I knew, but I don't think that they were in a position to do much
abou it. They ate their hearts out and waited.
Mr. RANKIN. Of course, Mr. Levine, what we are after is the facts,.
regardless of what anyone may think or say about Whittaker Cham-
bers. The fact remains that he has turned over to us documents, more
than a hundred of them, I will say, that were stolen from the State
Department back in those days. And I am convinced beyond a
reasonable doubt that those documents not only contributed to the
Hitler-Stalin pact, but they later contributed to the Japanese success
at Pearl Harbor.
What this committee is after, while the Department of Justice is
shadow-boxing between Alger Hiss and Chambers in New York,
instead of calling the grand jury together here in Washington and'
backing up this committee in its investigation-what we are after is to
get the facts. We want to know who is responsible for the theft of
these documents, and if you have any other information on that sub-
ject, I hope you will unbosom yourself and give it to us in full.
Mr. LEVINE. Thank you. I think the most important relevant in-
formation is one which Congress has already tried to unravel, and that
is the so-called State Department espionage case, the case of Amerasia,
which involves our policy in China, and which involved the theft of a
couple of hundred top secret documents in wartime, and which ended
COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE 1417
I am referring, sir, to the six persons, Lt. Andrew Roth, John
Stewart Service, Stillwell's adviser on our China policy, Phillip
Jaffee, manufacturer of Christmas cards, the possessor of a photostatic
apparatus, a very costly one for the reproduction of top secret State
Department, naval, military, and other papers and the three others
involved in that matter.
Mr. RANKIN. I would like to have the other three names, if you
have them.
Mr. LEVINE. Yes. The names involved in addition to the three
mentioned were Miss Mitchell-Phillip Jaffee I mentioned. There
was Kate Mitchell, I believe, John Stewart Service. Here are the
names:
Kate Mitchell, Marc Gayn, a journalist who used those documents
in his journalistic profession, more recently a correspondent in Tokyo.
Kate Mitchell is Kate L. Mitchell, coeditor of Anerasia.
To me that case is in some respects more shocking than the present
case, because it occurred in wartime, and because 'it involved a member
of the armed services.
Mr. RANIUN. What time in the war did that happen?
Mr. LEVINE. That happened in 1945.
Mr. RANKIN. What document are you referring to there?
Mr. LEVINE. I am reading an article by one of the six, Emanuel Lar-
son, a minor figure, who describes the entire case from beginning to
end in Plain Talk for October 1946.
Mr. RANIK.IN. Do you mean that those individuals had purloined
documents from the State Department, or from any other depart-
ment?
Mr. LEVINE. I mean that some of those individuals did exactly that,
and others were accomplices and made use of those documents.
Mr. RANICIN. During the war?
Mr. LEviNn. Yes, sir.
Mr. RANKIN. They were stealing the secret documents?
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. RANKIN. These vital documents?
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. RANKIN. From the departments of this
reptitiously passing them on to Moscow?
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, Sir.
Mr. RANIiIN. And at that time Moscow=
Ambassador, didn't it?
Mr. LEVINE. That's right.
Mr. MUNDT, Will the gentleman yield?
Mr. RANHIN. Yes, sir.
entertained the Japanese
Mr. MUNDT. I recall that case from reading it in the newspapers,
but that happens to be a case which was handled by Attorney General
Tom Clark s- Department of Justice, and not this committee. I wish
you could refresh its, if you know, what action the Department of
Justice took to prosecute the people guilty of that crime.
Mr. LEVINE. I believe, sir, that Mr. Clark was not the Attorney
General at the time.
Mr. MUNDT. Well, at least the Justice Department.
Mr. LEVINE. In any event, some of these people were let go scot
free. Some were finec like Mr. Jaffee
000
$3
and one of them who
,
,
,
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1418 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE
time, John Stewart Service, as passing the documents, was rewarded
by continuing him in the service of the United States Government at
some outlying post.
Mr. MUNDT. That would indicate to me that if we are ever going
to get at the people who have stolen these documents and given them
to Chambers, and get a conviction, the American public is going to
have to rely upon this committee, and not the Department of Jus-
tice, because on the basis of the record up to now, certainly there isn't
much to hope for from the standpoint of the public.
Mr. RANKIN. Before I leave, let me say this to you
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. RANKIN. General Krivitsky's statement before the Dies com-
mittee was, to my mind, the most impressive warning that this Gov-
ernment had received up to that time. And I remember one vocifer-
ous individual whose name I will not mention, who seems to take me
to task in a broadcast from Paris, used every influence he had to try
to discount General Krivitsky's testimony before the Dies committee.
Thank you.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Nixon.
Mr. RANKIN. And that individual is continually attacking this
committee. Now, the members of this committee have no.ax to grind.
We got no extra compensation. We get all the smear and all the abuse
that can be heaped upon us, not only by the reds, but their fellow
travelers, their sympathizers, and their hired stooges all over the
Nation. So what this committee is trying to do is to save this country.
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Nixon.
Mr. NIXON. Mr. Levine.
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. NIXON. The purport of your testimony, as I understand it, is
that Mr. Chambers did make this information available to high-rank-
ing Government authorities in 1939.
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. NIXON. In your opinion at that time, did Mr. Chambers give
sufficient information that those high-ranking authorities, had they
acted, could have stopped the conspiracy at that time?
Mr. LEVINE. Absolutely.
Mr. NIXON. And their failure to act, in other words, was respon-
sible for the conspiracy, continuing, if it did continue after that time?
Mr. LEVINE. Yes; with this additional observation, that their failure
to act may have been due to short-sightedness, or blindness.
Mr. NIXON. Mr. Levine, I am not concerned about placing the
blame upon any high-ranking officials who failed to act as of a certain
time. We are faced in this hearing with a very serious fact, as brought
out particularly by the testimony in open and executive sessions yes-
terday and today, that information of the most confidential character
has gone to the agents of a foreign power, which at the present time
is unfriendly to the United States, and which in times Vast has adopted
attitudes and policies which are unfriendly to the United States.
What this committee has to do-and this is beyond and apart from
the function of the grand jury, which can o yy~,Iirr~ o iict f0
crime-this committee has the responsib~iv~ii" 05/12/23
1419,
cials have failed to take action which they could have taken which
would have protected the national security.
Now, in that connection I understand, then, that there were at least
three hi~h-ranking officials to whom you sent this information, either
by Mr. Chambers or by yourself, at least in some form it was conveyed?
Mr. LEVINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. NIXON. And to your knowledge no action of a substantial char-
acter was taken as a result of those conversations?
Mr. LEVINE. That is absolutely correct.
Mr. Nixon, you raised a point which I think, if you will permit me,
or if the chairman will permit me, I would like to supplement, when
you spoke of our failure to act.
At that very time I had learned from Krivitsky of the existence of
two top Soviet spys in the British cabinet, and in the Committee of
Imperial Defense. One of those two I knew by name.
I went to Ambassador Lothian, after a proper introduction. The
information was checked and found to be correct, although he was
somewhat skeptical when I first called upon him; 2 weeks later I was
called from Connecticut to come to Washington. They made arrange-
ments to meet Krivitsky through his attorney. They made arrange-
ments, the British, to take him to Canada and from there to Great
Britain, and I think before General Krivitsky arrived in Great Britain
the spy in the British cabinet, whose name I gave to Lothian at that
time-his name was King-he was found to be there. He was spotted,
and he was executed in the Tower of London.
That is what the British Government did when information was
conveyed to it by me, acting exactly in the same capacity in which I
acted with reference to Krivitsky and Chambers.
Mr. NIXON. Mr. Chairman, at that point I want to point out a very
significant fact. Mr. Chambers testified before the Committee on
Un-American Activities for the first time on August 3d of this year.
Most of the members presently sitting were present at the time of that
hearing and at that time, if you will read the testimony, you will find
that Mr. Chambers did not present to the Committee on Un-American
Activities as much in the way of factual information as he had previ-
ously presented to Mr. Berle, and as he had previously presented to
Government agencies, who, over a period of years, have interviewed
him a number of times preceding his appearance before the committee.
Nevertheless, as a result of Mr. Chambers' appearance before the
committee at that time, rather than simply giving that information-
and I use a term which is better to describe it, I think, than what
we might term classical language-rather than giving that informa
tion the brush-off, or kiss-off, this committee, in spite of public criti-
cism, in spite of criticism from the press, proceeded to dig into a very
nasty situation. And only as a result of this committee's following
up on that situation, and but for this committee's following up that
situation, for the first time documentary evidence in great quantities
has been made available, which proves beyond doubt the existence of
a Communist conspiracy in this country which was extremely effective
in obtaining the most confidential documents for the Russian
nt
G
.
overnme
Now, I make that statement advisedly. I am not overexaggerating
CIA-RDP83-01 0OOi~6b 73'ou have to do is to read the testimony or to
people, the American people, wherein our elected and appointed offi-
 1420
COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE
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QQi7l America is still paying the penalty. It is a
~~rc~ea
~ remember the testimony that has been given by State Department treason are s pity we.haven't had the same action taken here that was taken by the
officials the that all British Government. We might not have had a Pearl Harbor.
I think th u are aware, and ent certainly the members of Mr. NIxoN. Mr. Rankin, I appreciate that remark, and I want to say
this committee all
are re aware, and I am confident the members s of the .this at this time
press are aware, that the Department of Justice has indicated that is. this tIN. I was going to say, regardless of what you think of
they want this committee to drop its investigation, and I use that ` Mr. RAN IN. was the fct say, regardless
that w have these documents
term advisedly, because spite our repeated attempts, the Depart- that were stolen, these secret, vital documents that were stolen out of
meat of f Justice-in. spite of our repeated requests-has made it clear Department that ti this that they do not want this committee to hear any witnesses who are he e State o De Depart ant at that
t point, the point I wish to make clear Mr. NIxoN. Mr. Cha
lved in irman, investigation. is this : I realize that what I have just said will be interpreted in some
Mr. Chairmman, I for one, as a member of this committee, am stat- quarters as politics, speech making, and it will have to be taken for
ing now publicly that I do not intend to entrust to the Department what it is. But those are the cold, hard facts. have is why I am up
of Justice or to the present administration, which for 10 years has here, and that is twhy hose I think the rest of the members of this committee
had these facts and done nothing about it, the responsibility which are up here meeting night and day. I can assure you that clueing the
is ours, as well as theirs, of putting the spotlight on these activities, times we are not meeting, we are working most of the night as well.
whether or not a connection I wish t toos make bake o one mm othhereedo.bservation. The Now, in order to settle a couple of these collateral issues, so that
Now, in that connection n those who have been so concerned with them that they have failed
Depar of Justice has indicated, as they spoint-bas hasenisnIdicoedcated to keep their eyes on the ball as to who furnished this information and
disagrtment ee with some of my colleagues on this poin whether they are still at large furnishing this information, Ave have
an interest in indicting Mr. Chambers for technical violations of had some comments upon two of those collateral issues tonight from a
law, particularly technical perjury, which he may be guilty of by 'seconcl-hand source, Mr. Levine.
reason of the fact that he testified before this committee in one con One of the collateral issues which seems to have cattht the imagine l I?nee pi rt in one
way, and a a tre connection in another way. The tion of the press and the public, and rightfully so, is of course the
on the other hand, has that responsibility. matter of why didn't Mr. Chambers turn over this information? I say
t on the othher hand, I think that it is high time for us to recog- is a a collateral issue because the major issue is that now he has
But
nine, as Mr. Levine has put it very well here this evening, that Mr. it it is it late au ue as a eethe of that issue have a resoon has
Chambers' technical violations of the law, his reasons for failing to turned it over to him.
turn over this information in documentary form to the Government, to We see We who
have had second-hand t vr hi information on that. We have had
or to this committee prior to this time; where the information has been ng in the press, ome of it wrong, some h it rir;ht. I think
prior to this time, and the other collateral issues which have been guessthati is time eopress to set that wrong, and for all by the best
raised, and I think mistakenly in some cases by reason of poor judg- source of all, and that t is Mr. set Chambers.
relent by some of the, outstanding editorial. writers in the country, that Xrc, o` fill, an t=it isd in New Yoriz City on Monday night. He e all of those, reasons are. beside the point., insofar as the duty and was r. ch the srsec esti glll'Stlllll a s to wily he, 1'C it M ll ttil'll (ri'er this
responsibility of this committee and the Department of Justice is information prior to this tune, and I? will say that, lie was cross-flised to coiicered. examined most closely by Mr. McDowell, Mr. Stripling, and myself,
Because in that connection we must remember this one fact: This who were there along with other staff members at that time, on that
committee and the Department of Justice have the primary responsi very point.
hility to be concerned over the national security. Mr. Chambers has And with the permission of the committee, I should like to read
confessed. Mr. Chambers is in the open. Mr. Chambers is no longer en
Mr. Chambers' etatemess as to why he and not that to read
a danger to the national security, but the men who fiirnishe;l this fist, and for the benefit of the members of the committee let me say
information to Me. Chambers have sec h s bcrime-, du justice to the..
the l this: There are no new names in this testimony. It is only the version
They may not even be guilty of technical crime-, cote to apse of the man himself when he was pressed on that t point, and I think
of the statute of limitations, in which case the grand jury has no right since there has been so much information on t should ii into the
whatever to hear their case, and in that case this committee has a solemn d his pbeen
responsibility, despite the efforts of the administration to silence this recorMr. Chairman, may I have that permission?
committee and keep the facts from the people-and I say that, not Mr. Chairman, Am may re any natpe
because of any political implications, because this is bigger than MrMr. HIxoR Three her no names, Hebert, I assure you.
politics--this committee has the responsibility to continue its investi- Mr. NIXO . There a are
moment. There is one casts re you. a gation and to call every witness before it until we find who was re- Mr. STRIPL I . will J stt use the name hthat ere is one aned.
sponsible for bringing this information to Mr. Chambers, and to see Mr. NixoN. You may read it.
whether or not those people are still engaged in that kind of activity.
Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Nixon, regardless of the statute of limitations, the
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 1.422
COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE 1423
COMMUNIST ESPION4g!
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1 t It to o tain an indictment of the other individuals in-
Mr. NixoN. I am reading from Mr. Chambers' testimony : on y oppor uni y
volved, because the star witness against the other individuals will have
Every the is faced at be the ha moment informer his break with Communist been an indicted and convicted perjurer. ex-Communist of early, Party by the question' "Sha I 7" I faced question very I should also like to state in that connection that as Mr. Levine so
but I was reluctant to o Inform. In 1939, , as is well this
known, I felt com- d out tonight, the only way, because of the strict organiZa-
pelled by the war situation in Europe to act upon the knowledge I had, and I
conspiracy in this country and other countries,
then went v Adolph Berle, then pushed Secretary of State. I thought at that well tion of pointed out
there we be Communists on in basis e the t facts and hich I had that you can bring any Communist conspiracy to light, is through the
time investigation
Dep him, epartment. now that there were Cmrunists in the Government anin the State testimony of a confessed Communist, and the way to give the greatest
D
I returned to New York after my conversation with Berle, believing that a encouragement to the Communist conspiracy in this country is to stop
full investigation would be pushed, that I would give all possible help to that this particular investigation by simply indicting the man who turned
heard investigation, and of that the the atterionage angle would certainly be developed. I over the information to the committee and made it available to the
impororttanan .
Aft ter that nothingm lapse ore o of time e another her very least 2
After factor in an ex-Communist shcountry. I hold ould have told i the entire story tohtleb committee. il~I Chambers
that lie
mind began to have full play, and I sought in my testimony to do two things: had done hso. ave But those tres story gone.
My one purpose was to destroy the Communist conspiracy or to stop its activities. sho
involvedother. purpose was to do no more injury than necessary to the human elements We are faced with the hard fact now that is far more important
involved. Most of the men in the Communist underground apparatus were men of high than that, that the damage has been done, that the documents are sere,
type, some of them widely recognized for intelligence and ability. They had that they were turned over, and that the people who turned them over
been my friends. I had been in their homes and knew their wives and children at large.
e~2t Chairman, I am sorry to have taken the time of the committee.
whose faces I could remember. Very important to an ex-Communist is the are still
question of other Communists breaking with the Communist Party. Breaking Air. LEVINE? Mr. Chairman.
with the Communist Party Is not an easy matter. It takes strength of purpose, Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Levine.
and it takes, above all, time for reversing the pattern of a lifetime and the con-
sequences Mr. LEVINE. Allow ins to Say a few words.
may be dire. Time is the essence of such a break, and I desired to
give these people an opportunity to make their own break, damaged as little as As a former foreign correspondent and a student of foreign affairs,
possible by me. I think there is one aspect of the matter which should be stressed in
Mr. Stripling then asked a question : connection with the statement of Representative Nixon, namely, the
Have you had access to, or have you received any documents from the State indictment of Chambers in the cold war being waged today will negate
o. and nullify most of the money and propaganda which the Voice of
CIIA since N19387 tn
Department
Mr. SmIPLI RG. Have America is spending abroad in defense of this country.
1938? State Department Outside of the United States, the proposed shocking indictment of
Mr, sin his ossesssion you that talked you wir were e anyone
aware of who since had
documents in his possere Mr. Chambers will mean that we punish the people who help us in
Mr. CIIAMBnlts No one, except the man-
serv-
and I delete the name- the fight against communism and we reward the people who are serv-
in as Stalin's agents in our midst today.
who had secreted the documents I gave him. I can imagine nothing more calamitous as a pre-Pearl Harbor
Mr. RANKIN. Was that testimony under oath? move for the third world war, than this particular strategy in some
Mr. MUNDT. That is under oath; yes, sir. body's immature mind, if that be the case.
Mr. NIXON. I say in this connection, Mr. Chairman, that there are, of Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Hebert.
course, additional sections of testimony on that point. It is one of Mr. H NDT.. Air. Levine, I just have a few clarifying questions I
the reasons why Mr. Chambers must be brought before the committee would like to ask, just to make the record clear. I understood you to
and be allowed to elaborate on that very important issue, although it say that Mr. Chambers was in touch with approximately 10 percent
is a collateral issue, as I have indicated. But I think a purpose has of the Communist apparatus, and that that was a liberal estimate. I
been served by bringing before the committee at this time (1) the think you mto say a conservative estimate?
reason that Mr. Chambers gave to the committee for failing to turn Mr. Lr meant ea A conservative estimate; I am sorry.
over the information; and (2) the fact that this information had been Mr. HiBERT. I didn't want the record to stand that you said a.
secreted since 1938, and had not been divulged since that time to any liberal estimate.
foreign power. Now, there is one other matter which I think should be directed to
I also wish to comment upon that particular bit of testimony by the attention of the committee that I think is most important, and
Mr. Chambers and upon Mr. Levine's testimony to this effect : The which seems to have escaped or gotten lost in the general confusion,
indication is at the present time that Mr. Chambers will certainly be and that is, as I understand it, these documents we are discussing the
indicted for perjury. The indications are also that Mr. Chambers documents which the committee has the physical possession of. Those
will be indicted for perjury probably before any of the other people documents were never turned over to the enemy. I think I am correct
involved in this particular conspiracy are indicted. on that.
I wish to point out to the Department of Justice to proceed along Mr. RANIKIN. We don't know. 4 that line, and I am making public this staOR" t tonight, in the env X005/12/23 CIA-RDP83-010348000248 - t 2007 7
this occurs, that they will thereby Fd*
 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE - 1 1425
1424 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGpproved For Release 2005/12/23 CIA-RDP83- 3 g
A ~, ~9QtQ3,0Q3`~7flTes they took out,. we haven't even of the
Mr. HEBERT. I know, but we know they were microfilmed. In other copies. We got the microfilm. But the copies that were stolen were
words, these are the documents after Chambers decided to break with turned over to Russian ageiYts.
the Communists. Now, he was a Communist functionary for some 2 Mr, o v BERT. But the mechanics of this, which I understand are
of the well known already, that this traitor or traitors in the Department
years, according to his own admission, in Washington, so the direction
committee at this time should be drawn to the fact that we are of State-how many there are, or whichever level they are-took from
in possession of some two or three hundred documents or papers which the files of the State Department these important documents
Marer. merely MUNDT. the tag We hendope. that never reached Russian hands. Mr. RANKIN. And had them copied.
Mr. Hu BERT. Brought them to Chambers, who in turn had a Com-
munist HrBEaT. We hope, but let us give them a break and the benefit of munist photographer photograph or microfilm these documents. Then
the doubt and say that these two or three hundred documents never the microfilm was given to the Russian agent to be dispatched to the
reached the hands of the Russians. Yet, can we conceive how many Kremlin, and the documents themselves were returned to the State
more hundreds, or possibly thousands of documents reached the Rus- Department files.
sians through the hands of Chambers as a Communist functionary? Mr. RANNIN. That is not my understanding. My understanding is
We to this day don't know who the individual or individuals were in that they made these copies and turned the copies over to Mr. Cham-
the Department of State who had access to those files, who Wave them bens. Mr. Chambers had those copies microfilmed and the copies them
&em from
to Chambers who was merely the messenger boy carrying
the traitor in the State Department to the enemy in the Kremlin in selves were turned over to somebody else.
Mr. MUNDT. I will ask the chief investigator to correct me if f am
,I thin wrong, but I think Mr. Hebert has described the mechanics of this
Russia.
k that is one thing we have to keep in our minds, and just operation exactly correct. The one one thing that we do not know, of
apher made an extra: print
wonder how expansive and how far-fetched this whole proposition is, course, is whether the Communist thing
and direct attention also to the fact that this committee is not the De- with somebody direct.
partment of Justice, nor a detective agency. We are not charged with to Mr send d w with s . We don't know that.
the responsibility of apprehending the criminal. We are charged with Mr. MUNDT. We do not know that, but we know that the original
the responsibility of bringing to the attention of the proper authorities documents were returned by this traitor, this smuggler, this thief,
the fact that a crime has been committed. Then it becomes incumbent back to the State Department the mtext morning as lie came back for a
upon and the responsibility of the proper agency of the Government new batch of supplies. I think Mr. Hebert has described the device
to apprehend that criminal when they know a crime has been com- correctly.
witted and to prosecute him to the fullest extent of the law. Mr. NzxoN. Mr. Chairman, Mr. Chambers so testified on Monday
In that connection, let me say this: The committee needs no defense evening.
of itself. The committee's work stands for itself, Mr. Chairman. The Mr. STRIPLING. Yes. The whole operation, Mr. Chairman, is a mat-
fact, and the cold fact still remains that if it had not been for the ac- ter of record before the committee. All the details of how these docu-
tivity of this connnittee with its errors of omission and c.mnmissiolr meats were obtained, and according to the testimony of. _Mr. Chambers
which we all cotnxnit-but never an error of time heart or error of intent who he obtained them from, is a m ttter oI_ record before the conuuit
or purpose-if it had not been for the activities of this committee over tee. The confirmation of certain material facts is what we are trying
a period of years, this country would not have been alerted to the to determine now.
danger of communism, nor would it have realized the infiltration of Mr. IIEBERT. And don't let us lose sight of the fact, and again to
communism in this Government. reiterate. that the main culprit, the main offender against the Aulerl-
I'i ntlly, the fact still remains b can people is not the messenger boy Chambers, but the trigger matt
s, that if the committee hacl not given
attention to Mr. Chambers and if Mr. Chambers had not appeared in the State Department.
before this committee and given the limited or the conservative amount Mr. MCDOWELL. Mr. Hebert, may I tell you that it was testified
of testimony which he originally gave, had not named one Alger Hiss, under oath last Monday night that tlme details of. how these things were
Hiss would not have sued Chambers for libel, and if Hiss had not removed from the Department of State, where they were talzen to
sued Chambers for libel, the documentary evidence would not be before in what fashion they were taken, how they were photographed, how
the public today. they got back the next day, is all in the record.
g Mr. MUNDT. And that is in entire conformity with what Mr. Ilcbert
It all turns back to the fact that this committee insisted upon and
gave attention to the fact, and now it is in the hands of the proper just said?
agents of this Government to prosecute to the fullest extent of the law, Mr. illcDowt;LL. Exactly so.
or else acknowledge their guilt and their dereliction. Mr. STRIPLING. The possibilities which Mr. Rankin raised, how-
Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Hebert, may I correct. you on one thing? We did ever, are still open, Mr. Mundt.
not get the originals of these documents. The originals probably Mr. MUNDT. The State Department is now checking that.
went into the hands of the Russian agents. We merely got the micro- Mr. STRIPLING. Some were microfilmed and sent as microfilm. Sonic
film of them that were taken at the time. were copied and sent as copies, but it is still possible that extra copies
Mr. HfnttatT. Oh, Mr. Chairman, the ori,~006 d R ?005/12/23: CIA-RDP83-018E4P~@010~i0~15 0 i copies or prints of microfilm were made.
They are checking the State Department fifi~les now to aster awn I.
 1426 y COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE 1427
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Mr. MUNDT. That is correct. he knew how many people he had within the government and within
Mr. RANKIN. And it was testified that the man who was taking industry and the national organism of France, better even than Krivit-
these documents from the files had his wife to copy them, and he took sky did.
the originals back and turned the copies over to Mr. Chambers. Mr. Well, when a despot like Stalin can command such people as we have
Chamurrs had rhost copies microfilmed, but the copies have never discovered, good, native Americans of the best families-and Cana-
be turnd v to yis rmmittee. dians, go back to the record of the Canadian Royal Commission-of
In
n my e opinnioon n they his turned over to the Russian agents. the best education, and if he can command them not by the dozen,
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. IIsbert, any more questions? and not by the score, but by the hundreds in key positions, maybe
Mr. McDowELL. It should be remembered, Mr. Chairman, that Miss tomorrow, if we proceed with such indictments he will say of America,
Bentley testified on various occasions that she sometimes took her "Well, just another putrid corpse ready to fall at the first blow of the
material to New York in her lady's bag, and sometimes in her shopping war."
bag, and sometimes it was quite a bundle. So all sorts of material Mr. VAIL. At this time I would like to introduce into the record
went out. of this hearing a transcript of the testimony in the hearing held in
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Vail is next, but I want to add one thought to New York last Monday night.
what Mr. Ihebert has pointed out, that this committee has one addi- A question by on Stripling to Mr. Chambers [reading]
tional function which I am sure he would have expressed, except that leave Mr. these documents with Levine?
he was dealing with another point. In addition to the functions which When I did did yo you u -
we have, we also have the responsibility of determining what new Mr. C.
legislation is necessary to make these espionage rings stop l unctioning, Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Vail, to make the record straight, that is not
if they are still functioning, or to prevent them from starting all over this Mr. Levine that is reing referred to.
again. This committee expects to recommend legislation to that end. Mr. McDowELL. It was Mr. Nathan Levine.
Mr. Vail. Mr. VAIL (reading) :
Mr. VAIL. In your opinion, Mr. Levine, are there other potential As I have already said, I left the documents with him some time in 1938, pre-
sumably whose services might at some future date become available sumably shortly after I broke with the Communist Party.
Mr. STRIPLING. What did you tell him about them?
to this committee, or some other governmental agency ? Mr. CHAMBERS. I asked him to hide them for me and not to tell anyone where
MT. LICVINE. Yes. In my opinion, , out o of f the e 80,000 members, known
make them me, meaning,
and secret of the Communist Party of the United States, about 1 I hid them, but if ashould happen to me, meaning, if I should be killed,
in some way.
percent are operators for the Soviet secret service. That is roughly to turn them over anything wife, or to should
is all.
about 800. I should say that it would take an almost superhuman That Is that all, Mr. Vail?
and concentrated effort to unearth most of the cells and to disclose. Mr. MUNDT.
Mr. VAIL. Yes, tie.
most of the operations. Mr. STRIPLING. I do not have the record before me, but I believe
Mr. VAIL. Do you believe that that element is watching the opera- the name is Levin, L-e-v-i-n.
tion of the grand jury investigation closely in New York at this Mr. VAIL. In the record it is L-e-v-i-n-e.
time? Mr. MUNDT. That can be checked and corrected.
Mr. LEVINE. Not only in New York-right here in Washington, Mr. STRIPLING. We have the full name.
too. Mr. MCDowELL. Well, there is no connection between the two men;
Mr. RANKIN. What was that question, Mr. Vail?
Mr. VAIL. I inquired as to whether or not that element is watching that at has s been een thoroughly established.
Any similarity between the names is just a coincidence.
carefully the prot7iess of the grand jury investigation in New York. MM r. McDowELL. It happened in Brooklyn.
Mr. MUNDT. And you heard the answer? Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Levine, before you conclude, I would like to an-
Mr. M NIn . Yes. nounce that we would like to meet with you briefly in the committee
Mr. rhead, sir. room in executive session. You have been very helpful and very
Mr. LrwixEVINE. Yes, sir.
Mr. VAIL. In the event of the indictment, subsequent conviction stimulating.
thin- that strikes me, as we cthis hearing, is the fact
the act
had access to this is information
that One the t Department of Justice has conclude
and imprisonment of Chambers, what effect, in your opinion will that One t
have future the possibility of obtaining information from such sources, for 10 years, as has been brought out by committee member after coin-
at any fdate? mittee member. Not until this committee of Congress disclosed the
Mr. LEVINE. I think it will make espionage safe. It will be a documentary evidence has any activity been taken in the direction of
postwar bonus to Stalin which he never expected, and which he will c and punishing the evildoers.
greatly appreciate. I think it will speed up the process of putrefying I r would Pike and add punishing who has somewhat monotonously
this country from within, which Stalin is Krivitsky in tremendously 937e in a in. to the repetition of a phrase rather recently, that this is a "do-nothing"'
and disclosing espio
you will recall, sir, he told General e a 1 sin n a mid- to tht from the standpoint of punishin""do-nothing"
If
night session in the Kremlin, describing France, with a shrug of the mg ? ((i my the standpoint have had a splo-
shoulders, "Well, France, a putrid corpse."Appr6~leek f L1 1 2005/12/23 :CIA-RDP83-0 F~ -s, Y~ 00 -7
 Approved For i elease 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP83-01034R0002001-50007-7
Mr. WADLEIGU. In 1930 I was employed by the Federal Farm Board.
In 1932 I was transferred to the Department of Agriculture. In
1.936 I was transferred to the State Department. In 1943 I was trans-
ferred to FEA. In 1944 I was transferred to the Department of Agri-
culture. In 1946 I resigned from the Department of Agriculture and
was appointed to a position in TJNRRA.
After the termination of the work in UNRRA, I was employed for
a time by the Italian Government as an economist.,
Mr. RUSSELL. Would you furnish the committee with a resume of
your educational background?
Mr. WADLEIGH. I was educated mainly in Europe. I went to the
College of Oxford; I went to the London School of Economics and
on returning to the United States, I had 1 year's graduate work in
the University of Chicago.
Mr. RUSSELL. While you were employed by the State Department,
in what divisions were you an economist ?
Mr. WADLEIGIr. I was in the Division of Trade Agreements from
1936, until the war in Europe broke out. Then I was employed in
the office of one of the special assistants to the Secretary of State.
In 1943, I was sent abroad on a State Department mission to Italy.
Mr. RussELL. Who were your immediate superiors while you were
employed in the State Department?
Mr. WADLEIGH. Henry Grady in the Trade Agreements Division,
then Harry Hawkins then Leo Pasvolsky, special assistant to the
Secretary of State, and in Italy, Henry Grady.,
Mr. RUSSELL. Who were the Under Secretaries or Assistant Secre-
taries of the Department of State in the various divisions in which
you were employed?
Mr. WADLEIGH. Mr. Sayre was Assistant Secretary in charge of
the Trade Agreements Division when I first was employed there. Mr.
Acheson later took Mr. Sayre's place.
When I worked with Mr. Pasvolsky there was no Assistant Secre-
tary in charge of the office in which I worked.
Mr. RUSSELL. While you were employed by the United States Gov-
ernmcnt, did you ever become acquainted with one Whittaker Chain-
bers?
Mr. WADLEIGH. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that
the answer might incriminate or degrade me.
Mr. RUSSELL. Have you read the newspapers stories regarding cer-
tain testimony which Whittaker Chambers gave before this committee
at various times?
Mr. WADLEIGIr. I read the newspapers and I naturally have seen
some of those stories.
Mr. RUSSELL. As a result of the testimony which Whittaker Cham-
bers gave before this committee, and the subsequent printing in the
newspapers, did you acquire any animosity against Mr. Chambers?
Mr. WADLEIGIr. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that
the answer might incriminate me.
Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Wadleigh, I show you a photograph and ask you
if you can identify the likeness which appears thereon.
Mr. WADLEIGII. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that
it might incriminate me.
Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Chairman, I would like for the record to show
COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE 1431
Mr. Wadleigh, while you were employed by the Department of
State, or by the United States Government, did you become acquainted
with one Alger Hiss?
Mr. WADLEIGII. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that
it might incriminate me-that the answer might incriminate me.
Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Wadleigh, while you were employed by the De-
partment of State, did you have access to restricted information?
Mr. WADLEIGIr. Some kinds only.
Mr. MUNDT. Did you say "some kinds" or "sometimes"?,
Mr. WADLEIGIr. Some kinds. There are many different kinds of
restricted information.
Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Wadleigh, I show you a document which has
been identified by the State Department as being a restricted docu-
ment, or a top-secret document, which is dated January 8, 1938, and
which is signed by Harry C. Hawkins, and ask you if you have ever
seen this document.
Mr. WADLEIGIr. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that
the, answer might incriminate me.
Mr. RUSSELL. The Mr. Hawkins who signed that document was one
of your superiors in the State Department, was he not?
Mr. WADLEIGIII. That is a matter of public record.
Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Wadleigh, while you were employed by the De-
partment of State, did you ever furnish restricted documents or re-
stricted confidential information to any individual, either within the
State Department or who was not employed by the State Depart-
ment?
Mr. WADLEIGIr. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that
the answer might incriminate me.
Mr. RUSSELL. While you were employed by the State Department,
did any individual ever identify himself to you as a Soviet agent,
or an agent of the Soviet Government?
Mr. WADLEIGIr. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that
the answer might incriminate me.
Mr. RUSSELL. Did you ever turn over to any unauthorized person
while you were employed by the State Department any restricted
information whatsoever?
Mr. WADLLIGII. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that
the answer might incriminate me.
Mr. MUNDT. The Chair would like to ask the witness a question at
that point.
Do you realize, Mr. Wadleigh, that you are in a position to answer
the questions asked you in the negative, that your answer might tend
to refute the charges made against you?
Mr. WADLEIGIr. I beg your pardon, I didn't understand that ques-
tion.
Mr. MUNDT. Do you realize that you are in a position to answer
under oath in the negative the questions asked you, that your reply
might tend to refute the charges made against you, instead of to
incriminate you?
Mr. WADLEIGLL It might.
Mr. MUNDT. You realize that?
Very well, proceed, Mr. Russell.
that this is a photograph of Whittaker CkpiVed For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP83-01034R000200150007-7
 1432 COMMUNIST EsPIOl-oved For Release 2005/12/23 : q
Mr. RUSSELL. While you were employed by the State Department,
did you ever turn over any documents of a restricted nature to Whit-
taker Chambers?
Mr. WADLEIGTI. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that
the answer might incriminate me.
Mr. RUSsrLL. While you were employed by the State Department,
did you ever turn over any documents to Alger Hiss, either directly
or indirectly, whether personally, or through any other person?
Mr. WADLEIGH. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that
the answer might incriminate me.
Mr. RUSSELL. Have you ever known an individual who used the
name "Carl" and no other name?
Mr. WADLEIGH. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that
the answer might incriminate me.
Mr. RUSSELL. Do you know George Crosley, or anyone by that name.
Mr. WADLEIGH. I refuse to answer that question on the ground
that the answer might incriminate me. .
Mr. RANK TN. The answer could not incriminate you unless you are
guilty of a crime, could it, Mr. Wadleigh?
Mr. WADLEIGH. I am not an. expert in the law, sir.
Mr. RANICIN. I am, and I will say to you that unless you are guilty
of a crime your answer to those questions could not incriminate you.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Russell.
Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Wadleigh, you have consulted an attorney, have
?
you not
Mr. WADLEIGTI. I have consulted an attorney, but
represented by one.
Mr. RUSSELL. Do you desire counsel?
Mr. WADLEIGTI. I would have preferred to come here with
Mr. MUNDT. Why couldn't yon bring, counsel with ou ?
Mr. WADLEIGTL In consultation with my attorney this morning
was mutually agreed that he would no longer represent me,
Mr. MUNDT. What was the name of that attorney?
Mr. WADLEIGH. Herman Greenberg.
Mr. MUNDT. Of what firm?
Mr. WitDLETaii. Greenberg---
Mr. RUSSELL. Forer and Rein.
Mr. WADLEIGH. Forer and Rein that is correct
Mr. MUNDT. The Chair has a question of our committee counsel
at this stage. Has Mr. Greenberg, or any member of his firm, the firm
of Greenberg, I+ over, and Rein, appeared before a committee previously
to testify or support the testimony of a witness?
Mr. RUSSELL. They have.
Mr. MUNDT. Who?
Mr. RUSSELL. Gerhart Eisler and numerous subjects who were men-
tioned during the course of the Bentley hearings.
Mr. MUNDT. The same firm has represented those witnesses as the
one consulted by Mr. Wadleigh?
Mr. RussELL. That is true.
Mr. MUNDT. Proceed with your questioning.
Mr. RANTKIN. Now Mr Chairman I think the re o d g,l t h
C r
t
IA-RDP83-01034R000200150007_7
ll
R
.
usse
Go ahead, Mr.
Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Wadleigh, are you now, or have you ever been,
a member of the Communist Party of the United States?
Mr. WADLEIGIr. No, sir.
Mr. RUSSELL. Have you ever filed application to become a member
of the Communist Party of the United States?
Mr. WADLEIGII. No, sir.
Mr. RUSSELL. Have you ever been a member of the Communist Party
of any other country?
Mr. WADLEIGH. No, sir.
Mr. RUSSELL. Did you ever file application to become a member of
the Communist Party of any other country?
Mr. WADLEIGH. No, sir.
Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Wadleigh, have you ever acted as an informant
for any agencies of the Federal Government?
Mr. WADLEIGTI. I have been interrogated by the FBI.
Mr. RUSSELL. Did you cooperate with that organization?
Mr. WADLEIGTI. I tried to, to the best of my ability.
Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Wadleigh, a serious charge has been made against
you, and I ask at this time that Mr. Wadleigh be made acquainted
with the nature of that charge.
Mr. MUNDT. The Chair will ask Mr. Nixon to read into the record
at this time the charges which have been made against Mr. Wadleigh
on sworn testimony before our committee.
Mr. NIXON. I shall read from the record of a meeting of a sub-
committee of this committee, which heard Mr. Chambers on Monday
of this week in New York City, consisting of Mr. McDowell as chair-
man and myself as a member. The question was by Mr. Nixon
[reading] :
Mr. Chambers, I hand you herewith photographic copies of documents made
from the microfilm which you submitted to the conunittee in response to a
subpena the committee served upon you.
Mr. CHAMBERS. Yes, sir.
and then in parentheses :
(Mr. Chambers examined the document.)
The documents you are now examining are all documents from the State
Department, they bear the stamp "State Department, Assistant Secretary of
State."
Mr. CHAMBERS. Yes. I should think from the nature of these documents
which I have examined they were turned over to me by Alger Hiss, and I should
make the point right here, perhaps, that the same procedure that I have de-
scribed above in the case of other photographers was also followed by Alger Hiss,
in addition to the typed documents. There was, however, another active source
in the State Department, Mr. Julian Wadleigh, who was in the Trade Agreements
Division of the State Department and it is possible some of these documents were
from him.
Mr. NIXON. Was this a source of contact?
Mr. CHAMBERS. Yes.
Additional testimony in regard to Mr. Wadleigh :
Mr. STRIPLING. In addition to the individuals I have named, what individuals
in the Government did turn over documents to you?
Mr. CHAMBERS. Julian Wadleigh.
and further on in the testimony :
,
oub 1
o S ow I r When ou spoke to
at this point that those witnesses you referrgr,.P bu'FtRe11i a e 2005/12/23: CIA-RDP83-01 i4$ibdi50007-~!
be members of the Communist Party. Mr. CHAMBERS. Yes.
Mr. MUNDT. That is correct.
Adolph herle. did you mention Julian
 1434 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE
Now, Mr. Wadleigh, as you can of courstbv#WeW Iey2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP83-01034R00020015000T MuNIST ESPIONAGE 1435
which Mr. Chambers has given involves quite serious charges. The Mr. WADLEIGII. My German is not very good.
document which Mr. Russell showed to you and requested you to Mr. RUSSELL. Can you write it?
identify was one of the documents which was found to be on micro- Mr. WADLEIGH. Not good German.
film which Mr. Chambers had in his possession. The microfilm was Mr. RUSSELL. Did you ever write any documents in German or have
an original copy of the documents which were taken from State De- them written in the German language while you were employed in the
partment files in an unauthorized manner, and turned over to Mr. State Department?
Chambers. Mr. WADLEIGII. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that
Now, in view of that, and in view of your apparent desire to co- the answer might incriminate me.
operate with the investigative agencies of the Government in unravel- Mr. RUSSELL. Did you ever translate any documents into the Ger-
ing this case, I wonder if you would now again look at the document man language while employed in the State Department?
which Mr. Russell presented to you [handing document to the witness]. Mr. WADLEIGII. Translating was not part of my duties.
Mr. WADLEIGIT. I look at this document again at the committee's Mr. MUNDT. You have not answered the question. The Chair wants
request. I am not prepared to change my testimony. I might sug- the question either answered specifically or evaded specifically.
gest, however, that you inquire of the State Department as to whether Mr. WADLEIGH. I have no recollection of having translated any
this particular document was shown to me. I don't know whether documents into German. In fact, my German is not good enough.
they will be able to answer that question or not, but you might care Mr. MUNDT. Thank you.
to ask them, whether I had access to this document. Mr. NIXON. Mr. Wadleigh, did you indicate that Mr. Hawkins was
Mr. MUNDT. You said you are now prepared to change your testi- your Chief in the Trade Agreements Division?
mony, but you didn't indicate what the change was going to be. Mr. WADLEIGII. I don't remember whether I indicated that, but it
Mr. WADLEIGII. No ; I didn't. is a matter of public record that he was.
Mr. MITNDT. Did you say you are not prepared to change it? Mr. NIXON. Your answer is that he was?
Mr. WADLEIGII. I am not prepared to change it. Mr. WADLEIGII. That is correct.
Mr. MUNDT. I am sorry; I misunderstood you, sir. Mr. NIXON. Do you know Mr. Hawkins?
Mr. WADLEIGII. I am not prepared to change it. Mr. WADLEIGH. Yes, sir.
Mr. MUNDT. All right; you are not prepared to change your Mr. NIXON. In other words, you are not refusing to answer the ques-
testimony. tion as to whether you know Mr. Hawkins on the ground that it would
Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Wadleigh, the remaining portion of the document incriminate you?
to which the first document refers is 16 pages long. Mr. WADLEIGII. Mr. Hawkins was my immediate superior for sev-
Mr. WADLEIGII. Is that so? eral years.
Mr. RUSSELL. I wonder whether you could glance through this and Mr. NIXON. Mr. Hiss was in the State Department at the same time
tell whether or not you had ever seen such a document. you were, was he not?
Mr. WADLEIGII. If the committee insists I will glance through the Mr. WADLEIGII. I believe that is a matter of public record when Mr.
remaining 16 pages, but I do so only at the committee's insistence. Hiss was in the State Department. I am prepared to answer the ques-
Is this the same document? tions as to when I was in the State Department, and who were my
Mr. RUSSELL. This document pertains to that document as well. superiors.
Mr. WADLEIGII. It is a different document? Mr. NIXON. But in the case of Mr. Hiss, you say you refuse to
Mr. RUSSELL. That is right. answer on the ground that it would incriminate you?
(Witness examines document.) Mr. WADLEIGH. Yes, sir.
Mr. RUSSELL. Would you state whether or not you have ever seen that Mr. NIXON. Mr. Wadleigh, there is a rather serious implication in-
document in State Department files or elsewhere? volved in your answers which I think you should be apprised of be-
Mr. WADLEIGII. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that fore you give additional answers of this type, and that is this : The
the answer might incriminate inc. answer, "I must refuse to answer on the ground that I would incrimi-
Mr. NIXON. Mr. Wadleigh, will you state for the record that you nate myself," you were instructed before we went into public session,
did not turn over that document, or any other document to Mr. can only be given, and a constitutional privilege used, where a crime
Chambers? would be involved in the event that the answer were given either in
Mr. WADLEIGII. I refuse to answer that question on the ground the negative, in the affirmative, or otherwise.
that the answer might incriminate me. Now, in this case, the crime that is charged, or the offense which
Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Wadleigh, you studied in Germany, did you not? has been charged by Mr. Chambers, as of course is indicative from
Mr. WADLEIGII. I studied in Germany in 1929. this testimony to us, was that you, in 1938 and 1937 turned over to
Mr. RUSSELL. Do you speak German? him at the time that he was a Soviet espionage agent, confidential
Mr. WADLEIGII. That was 3 years, 3 or 4 years before the Nazis came Government information.
into power. I should like to point out that that alleued offense, if committed then,
Mr. RUSSELL. Do you speak German? Approved For Release 2005/12/23 CIA-RDP83-QIiQ34ROQ9p' @ QQ -7hat time, would now be outlawed by the
 1,436
COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE 1437
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP83-01034R000200150007-7
statute of limitations, and if you were to go on the stand and admit to,
that, that you did turn over that information, you could not possibly
incriminate yourself.
Now, by your refusing to answer the questions as to whether you
know Mr. Chambers and whether you turned over the documents on
the ground of self-incrimination, the only implication which can be
drawn from your answer is that this alleged course of conduct con-
tinued after 1938, and through 1939, because only in that case could
you be guilty of self-incrimination.
I now ask you, in the light of this analysis, and this is not a legal
analysis, I might say, it is something which any layman can under-
stand-in the light of this analysis, did you, in 1939, turn over any
confidential information to an unauthorized person?
Mr. WADLEIGII. In answer to that question, I would like to point
out that in consultation with attorneys whom I hurriedly consulted
when I received a subpena to appear before the grand jury, I was in-
formeclthat this matter of the statute of limitations is not ironclad;
that there may be loopholes, and they did not have time to investigate
it, but they felt that it could not be relied upon.
Mr. NIXON. The loophole they were referring to, Mr. Wadleigh, was
the one that I just gave to you, and that is that the conspiracy
Mr. WADLEIGii. No, sir; it is not.
Mr. NIXON. Just a moment; that is, that the conspiracy continued
beyond 1938. Now, if the conspiracy did not continue beyond 1938,
1 think in all fairness to yourself you should so indicate to the com-
mittee.
Mr. WADLEIGII. It was not my understanding that that was the loop-
hole.
Mr. NIXON. Well, can we gather, then, from your testimony here
today that there is a possibility, as far as you were concerned, you had
no part in such a conspiracy alter 1938?
Mr. WADLEIGH. If I were to answer that question in the affirmative.
I would be implying that I did take part in a conspiracy prior to 1938.
1 am making no such admission.
Mr. NIXON. Well, did you take part in such a conspiracy prior to
1938?
Mr. WADLEIGII. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that
the answer might incriminate me.
Mr. MUNDT. Just what kind of admission do you think that is going
to be considered by the American public?
Mr. WADLEIGII. I will not speculate on what interpretations, false or
otherwise, alight be placed upon my statements. I let the statements
stand.
Mr. MUNDT. Very well.
Mr. NIXON. Mr. Russell, would you kindly show the witness this
document [handing document to the witness]?
Mr. Wadleigh, if you will examine that document which is hand-
written, would you indicate to the committee whether or not that is:
in your handwriting?
Mr. WADLEIGII. 1V ay I ask first, what is the date of that document?:
Mr. RANKIN. That has nothing to do with it.
Mr. MUNDT. Answer the question first., then you may ask wdditional.
Mr. WADLEIGIT. I don't recognize it as my handwriting, but it is
about the size of my handwriting, but I don't think that
Mr. NIXON. Mr. Witness
Mr. WADLETGII. It doesn't look to me like my handwriting.
Mr. NIXON. Mr. Wadleigh, it would be of assistance to the commit-
tee if you would at this time possibly give us a handwriting specimen.
Obviously we can get one from some other source.
Mr. WADLEIGHT. You certainly can.
Mr. NIxoN. Would you kindly do that? That would be the best
evidence in this case, since you are not sure whether it is or is not.
Mr. WADLEIGTI. I would like to have an opportunity, if I may, to
examine that at some time when it would be easier for me.
Mr. NIXON. You certainly may have. We are simply attempting
to (yet at the bottom of this.
l lr. RANKIN. If he is going to come here and refuse to answer ques-
tions, the committee owes him no obligation to help him find storm
cellars.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Rankin, just a moment.
Mr. WADLEIGII. Well, in view of the fact that I am uncertain-let
me eliminate those words. I take that back.
Mr. MUNDT. Each membar, of the committee speaks for himself,
and none speaks for the majority. No decisions have been made, so
you may proceed to answer.
Mr. WADLEIGII. Yes. I would like, if I may, to take back every-
thing I said about that document, and simply say that I refuse to
answer the question on the ground that the answer might incriminate
me. But 1. will be glad to supply the committee with a specimen of
my handwriting.
Mr. MUNDT. YOU will give the committee a specimen of your
handwriting ?
Mr. WADLEIGTT. Yes, Sir.
Mr. MUNDT. You play proceed with that.
Mr. NIxoN. If you will give us five signatures, Mr. Wadleigh, it will
assist Us.
Mr. W_ ADLEIGII. Then this specimen is not what you wish ?
Mr "ussmA,. NO.
Mr. WADLEIGII. Mr. Chairman, may I make a statement on this
document
Air. MUNDT. May I ask, have you finished writing?
Mr. WADLEIGTT. Well, I would like to snake this statement: That
since I have been led to depart from my previous intention, out advice
of counsel, of refusing to answer questions of this nature, I wish now
to say that I have not seen that document. I have never seen it and
I did not write it.. It was not my intention to give any such answers
but since I have been led to discuss the dociunent I will make an
exception in this one case.
Mr. MUNDT. May the Chair say that iu all events you have supplied
a specimen of your handwriting and a handwriting expert can deter-
mine that. very definitely, so they will be able to support your position
in that, if it is correct.
Mr. WADLI.IGIT. That I believe to be so.
Mr. MUNDT. As the Chair asked, has lie supplied the handwriting
?
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 1438 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE
Mr. RUSSELL. No. I wanted to mak~ eo g ~ Reel ~& 105/12/23 : CIA-RDP83 ( 4R~b*Af86~ r mate your employment with the Govern-
ment at your request or a t request of the Government?
which he says he did not write.
Mr. MUNDT. I see. Very well.
Mr. RUSSELL. You are not referring to the previous documents
which we showed you?
Mr. WADLEIGII. No; I was not referring to those documents.
Mr. MUNDT. You are referring to the clocument, as the Chair takes
it, which you have just written in your own handwriting after having
the contents dictated by Mr. Russell, our counsel, is that correct?
Mr. WADLEIGIL I haven't finished this. Do you want me to finish it?
Mr. MUNDT. All right, finish it up and then sign your name at the
bottom.
Mr. WADLEIGII. Might I give it to the committee after the hearing
is terminated? It is a little difficult.
Mr. MUNDT. We would like to have you finish it now and have the
matter disposed of.
Mr. WADLEIGII. You want to have me finish it now?
Mr. MUNDT. Yes; go right ahead.
Mr. WADLEIGII. Yes; alright.
Mr. MUNDT. Will you put five signatures of your name on there?
Mr. WADLEIGII. Yes, sir.
Mr. MUNDT. All right, Mr. Russell, you may proceed
questions. Have you further questions?
Mr. RUSSELL. One further question.
Mr. MUNDT. Proceed.
with your
Mr. RUSSELL. Have you ever been a member of an organized group
whose purpose was to furnish information to a foreign power?
Mr. WADLEIGII. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that
the answer might incriminate me.
Mr. RUSSELL. That is all the questions I have, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Wadleigh, the Chair would like to refer for a
moment to the statement you made earlier that in consultation this
morning with Mr. Greenberg it was mutually agreed that he would
not represent you at these hearings. I think I have quoted you
correctly, have I not?
Mr. WADLEIGII. That is correct.
Mr. MUNDT. I would like to ask you whether you were contacted
by any third party, any third party at all, suggesting to you that
you terminate your connections with Mr. Greenberg in connection
with this case?
Mr. WADLEIGIT. Nobody made any such suggestion to me.
Mr. MUNDT. Was the termination of your consultation with Mr.
Greenberg as a result of your suggestion or his?
Mr. WADLEIGII. That is a matter which developed in discussions
between counsel and client, sir.
Mr. MUNDT. You do not care to inform the committee?
Mr. WADLEIGII. I understand that it is my right not to divulge
what took place in such consultations.
Mr. MUNDT. You do not have to, I am simply asking you whether
you cared to give that information to the committee, or not. You are
not required to do so.
Mr. WADLEIGII. I would prefer not to do so without consulting Mr.
Greenberg first.
Mr. WADLEIGH. You mean the United States Government?
Mr. MUNDT. That is correct.
Mr. WADLEIGx. At my request. I would like to amplify that.
Mr. MUNDT. I think you testified earlier that you also terminated
your employment with the Italian Government on December 7, of
this week and that that was at your request?
Mr. WADLE IGH. At my request.
Mr. MUNDT. Did you want to amplify your statement?
Mr. WADLEIGH. I dust wanted to say that my reason for terminating
my employment with the United States Government was that I re-
ceived an offer for a position with UNRRA.
Mr. MUNDT. Who made that offer to you?
Mr. WADLEIGx. My superior in UNRRA was Mr. Cairns and na-
turally when you receive an offer of employment you receive it from
i
ate superior.
the person who is going to be your immed
Mr. MUNDT. That came from Mr. Cairns?
Mr. WADLEIGII. Cairns.
Mr. MUNDT. Will you spell it, please, and identify him
Mr. WADLEIGx. C-a-i-r-n-s.
Mr. MUNDT. All right, Mr. McDowell.
Mr. McDowELL. Not at this moment.
M M NDT Mr Rankin
U
.
T.
Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Wadleigh, have you any military record?
Mr. WADLEIGII. No, sir.
Mr. RANK-IN. You were not in this war at all?
Mr. WADLEIGII. I was in the theater of war in a civilian suit, sir.
Mr. RANKIN. I see, that is all right. What time did you quit the
State Department?
Mr. WADLEIGII. I was transferred from the State Department to
FEA as the result of a merger-well, I was transferred to FEA. I
do not need to go into the details unless you insist upon it. That was
in 1943.
Mr. RANKIN. 1943?
Mr. WADLEIGx. Yes, sir.
Mr. RANILIN. That was 2 years after Pearl Harbor. You refused
to answer whether or not you were turning over secret documents to
foreign agents during that time, on the ground that your answer
might, incriminate vou. That is right, isn't it?
Mr. WADLEIGII. That's right.
Mr. RANKIN. If your answer was "No," if you were not turning
over these documents at the time our boys were dying by the thou-
sands on every battle-front in the world, your answer would be "No."
Mr. WADLEIGx. My answer to that question is on advice of counsel,
Sir.
Mr. RANKIN. I understand. It is about time that the Government
took some steps to disbar some counsel. We have had this inter-
ference before.
In other words, if you were not guilty of giving out these secret
documents during those trying and dangerous times, your answer
would be "No." Now, the only thing that could happen to you if
80408-48-pt. 2-5
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 1440 COiviiviUNIST ESPIONAGE
COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE 1441
you answered "No" now would be that if you were t ~g ase 2005/12/23 :CIA-RDP88~p'f~34# 2 4~[e-mail], although the mission itself was
gents out you could be convicted of perjury; that'i right, isn't i't"~ transferred to FEA during the course of the time that I was over
Mr. WADLEIGH. I was advised by counsel not to answer any ques- in Italy.
lions in regard to such matters, irrespective of the date. If I start Mr. NIXON. Would you describe briefly the purpose of that mission
discriminating as to dates then that will get me involved in the same and your function?
fix that I got involved in over the handwriting. aMr. WADLEIGH. The purpose of the mission was to advise the-
Mr. RANKIN. It might get you involved in more than that, if you well, no, I beg your pardon. I started out on the wrong track here.
told us the truth. A man of your age sporting around Europe in The mission was a part of the Allied Control Commission which was
civilian clothes certainly ought not to object to telling us whether or administering liberated Italian territory.
not lie was giving out secret documents that were aiding our enemies a Mr. Nixon. Mr. Hiss was never there working with you in the same
and killing American boys during those terrible years. That's all I department in the State Department; is that the case'?
have to say. Mr. WADLEIGH. Mr. Hiss, I understand, was in the-well, I knew it
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Nixon. at the time also-was in Mr. Sayre's office. He was not in the Trade
Mr. Nixon. Mr. Wadleigh, when you were with the Division of Agreements Division.
`Trade Agreements were you there as an economist? Mr. NIxoN. Did you indicate in executive session you were in some
Mr. WADLEIGH. Yes, sir. way, as I thought, attached to Mr. Sayre's office as well?
Mr. NIXON. Just briefly, what were your functions as an economist Mr. WADLEIGH. No.
in that Division? Mr. NIXON. You brought his name in in some connection; do you
Mr. WADLEIGH. I was engaged in work connected with the nego- recall what it was?
tiation of trade agreements between the United States and foreign Mr. WADLEIGI. Yes; simply in this connection, that the Trade
countries. Agreements Division was under the general supervision of Mr. Sayre
Mr. NIXON. Which specific foreign countries would you say that but it was not a part of his office.
the greater volume of your work was with during that period? Mr. NIXON. I see.
Mr. WADLEIGH. Turley, France, Belgium. May I say in explana- Mr. WADLEIGH. That is at the time when I entered it had previously
Lion there that in referring to France and Belgium I am not referring been a part of his office but I entered the State Department in March
-
to the first agreement with France or the first agreement with Belgium. 1936. At that time the Trade Agreements Division was a division subI had not participated directly in that. ject to the general supervision of Mr. Sayre but was not a part of his
There was work being done just before the war broke out in Europe office.
on a new agreement with France and on a new agreement with Belgium. Mr. Nixon. Did you have any negotiations with Mr. Sayre 's office
That work was interrupted. at all?
Another part of my functions which you may be interested in was Mr. WADLEIGH. I occasionally sat in his office on conferences, not
general work on quotas and exchange controls in their bearing on very often. I wasn't highly enough placed to be there very, fre uentl
United States trade agreements. r. NIXON. Mr. Hiss was his as sst nt. Did Mr. Hiss sit in on those
Mr . NIXON. When you were the UNRRA would you brie fly' de- as well?
scribe what your specific functions were? You were with UNRRA conMfr,erences aces asGII. I don't recall at this time who sat in on any par-
in the United States, I understand. titular conferences that took place more than 10 years ago.
Mr. WADLE..IGH. That is correct. I worked mainly on evaluating the Mr. NIXON. I understand, but I am just asking if Mr. Hiss sat in on
requirements of those countries which received food from UNRRA. any conferences.
Mr. NIXON. Which specific countries did you work on at that time, Mr. `VADLEIGII. He might have.
Mr. Wadleigh? Mr. NIXON. Do you know Mr. Hiss, then?
1\11'. WADLr;IGII. All of them. Mr. WADLEIGHI. I saw Mr. Hiss during the course of my work in the
Mr. NIXON. All of the countries which-- State Department.
Mr. WADLEIGI. All of the countries that received food from Mr. NIXON. Did you ever turn over any documents to Mr. Hiss from
UNRRA.. the trade-agreements department in which you were employed?
Mr. NIxoN. You did not spend more or less time on one country Mr. WADLEIGH. I have no such recollection.
than another? I think we all realize that the functions within a Mr. NIXON. Your testimony is that you do not recall having done
department are
Mr, WADLEIGH. Well, the nature of my duties was such that I iniht
Mr. WADLEIGH. My functions were not limited geographically. so?
Mr. NIXON. You mean, in other words, you spent a relatively equal easily have taken something to him in the course of my official duties.
amount of time on all the countries? I do not recall any specific occasion on which I did so.
Mr. WADLEIGH. That is correct. Mr. NIXON. Have you been in Mr. and Mrs. Hiss' home ?
Mr. Nixon. Your mission to Italy was for the State Department; is Mr. WADLEIGH. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that
that the case ? the answer might incriminate me.
LVq r. NIXON. Do yyou know Mrs. Hiss?
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A rovedd For R 2005/12/23: CIA-RDP83-%'~Q44A0 ~1Q*5QQ~7e7oose to follow the advice of counsel?
Mr. WADLEIGH. I refuse to answer that quesI n on tfie group Mr. WADLEIGII. If ollow advice of counsel.
the answer might incriminate ine. Mr. IILBERT. That is tantamount to what you would have us believe
question on the ground that is a clear conscience and innocence of any charges made against you?
Mr. ADLE DIGH. o you
I refuse refuse know to answer Donald Hiss? that Hiss?
Mr. WADLE Mr. WADLEIGII. Is that your inference?
the answer might incriminate me. Mr. HEBERT. How is that?
Mr. NIXON. I have no further questions. Mr. WADLEIGII. Is that your inference?
Mr. MIINDT. Mr. I Mr. HLBERT. That certainly is what I accept it to be.
Mr. IIi:BErtT. Mr. Wadleigh, I want to make my position very clear Mr. WADLEIGII. Thank you.
and give you another opportunity that I attempted to give you in Mr. WADLEI. Because if I was in your position, sir, I would be most
executi ob. position, I theari ii on this tom- eager to deny everything flatly. I would be most eager to clear myself,
mittee, ttee th that at I obj ect t to any public hearing gs being g held until a man not only from the public mind
has had an opportunity in executive session to demonstrate his desire not . If on are able to.
to cooperate. Also, we should attempt in executive session to give Mr. ANZiIN
Mr. ANKIN That is what I ,neap, if I was able to. Because you
them air opportunity to prove to this committee that he is innocent of must keep in mind, and every other witness must keep it in mind,
the charg bordght ginst him. that nothing has been proved against you except the statement of
In other s r words, myyp position is this-and I maintained it through- iv] your word amamst his word, and you are
out-that I object to any individual's name being mentioned in public annothheer rightful den It is what your has dais, but always word, and in mind
until that individual has the opportunity to protect himself and to just
uat if you den ait w later proved that you wyre lyinn, then you
deny the charges before this committee in executive session, at which are sub ect to e and n Si o I can only draw one inference.
thile coo committee can then determine whether it wants to make it Now? is this the firs time that you have stood on those constitutional
r not. rights in discussing these ma.ttet or in answering the questions which
public,
Yours is one of the most outstanding eases of that procedure, so far have been directed to you by this committee?
as I am concerned. Your name up to this moment has been protected Mr. WADLEIGH; Sir; the only poeviout occasion that I have had
ADLrn to choose whether or not to stand on that right was in
and not released by this committee in any manner, shape, or form. the opportunity
You appeared before the committee this morning and were given my tsimon o the rand jury I am not trying to probe into the
y to cooperate. You refused not only to cooperate in giving us the and jury.
information, but you refused the opportunity of making a flat denial grand cry. H. And therefore-if I may finish-I believe it would
of the charges that were made against you. I immediately consented Mr. ro for me to answer that question.
with the rest of the committee to have it in public, then it could be be inappropriate No; don't do that. Did you ever discuss these niatters
right out in the open after you had been given an opportunity. Federal Bureau of of Investigation?
Now you say you consulted counsel-and I am trying to be as fair with th the WFederaI. I was In ogate ga the Bureau.
to you as I can-and you are answering some of these questions on. Mr. W~BERT, Did you tell room that you wouldn't answer the ques
advice of counsel, refusing to answer on the grounds that it might tions we have now propounded to you?
incriminate or degrade you; is that correct? Mr. WADLEIGII. prop
Mr. WADLEIGH? That is correct. I was advised by counsel not to Mr. HEBERT. Now, that is not a now I don't want to know about
answer any question which might have any connection, however re- the rand ER but I wants know about the FBI. What did you about tell
mote, with the accusations that have been made against me by Mr. them? jury,
Chambers. Mr. WADLEIGII? I was informed by the FBI that the statements that
Me. II stitut And that is the sole reason that you are standing on I made to them were not to be divulged: At least that was my
those constitutional rights? din
Mr. WADLEIGH? I was advised so to do by counsel. I am not an understanding.
Well, I will tell you now that they can be divulged.
advinice of the counsel. and I thought it in my interest to follow TherMr. e is no law which says you can't tell us what you told the FBI.
expert
the ad . f you Now, what did you tell the FBI? You have another chance.
M II then If were left on your own you would freely admit Mr. WADLEIGH. Well, I would be glad to tell you what I told the
or discuss these matters? FBI if I have the consent of the FBI, or after consulting counsel.
Mr. WADLEIGH. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that May I have the opportunity to consult counsel before I make that
the answer might incriminate me.
Mr. HnBERT. I am giving you every opportunity, Mr. Wadleigh. decision?
HEBERT. Well, you have no more counsel. You just mutually
You are the individual, sir, who makes up his mind whether you want Mr. that aBement.
to take the advice of counsel, and hide behind the shield of your ended WADI EIGH. I will hto find another one.
constitutional rights, which I do not challenge, or else to follow your Mr. BERT. You have have find find another one.
Own good judgment of a clear conscience and merely and simply deny TT~~ right.
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oung man with average gence, Y
Mr. HI BERT._ Now when did the FBI talk to you? It seems to me tIia as a y
must realize you have contributed nothing this morning which
Mr. WADLEIGIi. December 6. would to refute the charges against you, or which would tend to
Mr. LI. Was that the first time the FBI talked to you? establish your innocence, if you are innocent of the charges made, and
Mr. WADLEIGII. Yes, sir. of the -evidence which has been given.
Mr. ber ~r. You had never been in contact with the FBI before I dislike to see any injury brought to anyone who is innocent, cer-
December 61 1948? tainl so I want to give you another and final chance, following the
Mr. WADLEIGII. No, sir: l s~is which I have made of the situation now confronting the
Mr. Hr BERT: You didn't know any agents of the FBI before De- an anatry.
(ember 6? I ask you once more this question :
Mr. THBERTGIr? No, sir: Have you ever turned over to unauthorized persons any govern-
Mr. And had never been in contact with them? mental documents which have been temporarily in your custody?
Mr. WABEDLEI GII: No, sir. Mr.. 1TADLEIG11, I refuse to answer that question on the ground that
Mr. HEBERT. And then you were under no compunctions of advice the answer might incriminate me.
of counsel when you first went to the FBI? Mr? we rIDT. May I ask you whether there is any further state M Mr: WADLEIGIL That is correct? ment you care to make before this committee?
Mr. HEBERT. And you freely discussed the matter with them; is Mr. WADLEIGII. No, sir.
that correct? er question.
Mr. WADLEIGII. I would like to have advice of counsel before I say Mr. . MUNDT. Mr. M MoDcDowewelil has Mr. another gleigh, that you are not a
anything here about my discussions with the FBI. member of the Communist Party' I don't believe the question has been
Mr. HEBERT. NOw, Mr. Wadleigh, just again for the sake of the asked: Have you ever received any money, or any other valuable
record, to put you on record and to give you another opportunity to hind, for giving restricted information on docomn to anyonl .
clear your own skirts, have you at any time engaged in anything ng,. for giving I rrct e t information
that question oil t the nyond that Mr WADIXIGII. which would smack of espionage against the United States Govern- the answer might incriminate me.
meat? Mr. MoDowELL. Do you know where ICeonig Street, Baltimore, is?
Mr. WADhEIGII. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that Mr, WADLEIGH. No, arr.
the answer might incriminate me. Mr. W D EIGH No, Wadleigh, are you married?
Mr. HnBERT. You refuse to make a flat denial that you are innocent Mr. WADLEIGx Yes, sir.
of that charge, and you have the opportunity now? Mr. AD EIGII. . es you have a family?
Mr. WADLEIGII. I refuse to answer the question on the ground that Mr. McD owzi. Do, sir.
the answer might incriminate me. Mr. AD E1011. That rs all. MOWELL.
Mr HEBERT. That all. Mr. MMr. Rankin.
Mr. M,UNDT. Mr. Vail. Mr. MUNDT.
NIDI I have one or two questions.
Mr. VAIL. Mr. Wadleigh, (luring the period of your employment Where N were . you have December two uesti 1941 with the State Department, were you aware of any instance in which Where we I yo. I n Ds cem I was at work in the State Department, Mr. WADLE
another employee of the Department delivered documents belonging That was my regular place of business at the time.
to the State Department to any outside person? IV That was my regular
You were still on the Federal pay rolls?
Mr. WADLEIGII. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that r?. RANKIN. Yes.
the answer might incriminate me. Mr. W D FIGH That was on a Stmday.
Mr. VAIL. No further questions. Mr. WADLEIGx. That it a Sunday? 'That's right. Well, I was at
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Wadleigh, the Chair would like to ask a question home.
or two. Mr. RANKIN. Don't you remember where you were that day?
Have you ever seen or met Miss Elizabeth Bentley? Mr.. WADLEIGH. Yes; I remember, now; I was at home.
1Vt I refuse answer that question on the ground Mr. RANKIN. You were on the Federal pay roll at that time?
that the answer might incriminate me.
aware of the fact that secret documents
Mr. MIIxbT. I think you will understand, Mr. Wadleigh, that you MMrr. . WRANKADL EIGIN,U. Are Yesyou sir.
have been charged with very serious crimes involving disloyalty to slipped out and supplied indirectly to the Japanese, contributed to
your country. You are one of three men now under suspicion, as the the destruction of our Navy and the murder of more than 3,000 of
result of sworn testimony taken under oath, and an accumulation of our heroic men at Pearl Harbor?
circumstantial evidence. We have brought you before the committee Mr. WADLEIGII. I believe I read something about that in the news-
in an effort to give you an opportunity to deny those charges, if you papers.
are innocent, and in an effort to establish proof of your involvement 1Ver. RRANKIN. I wondered how you found it out. Mr. Wadleigh, at
if you are guilty. that time were you giving out any secret documents?
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Mr.. WADLEIGH. I refuse to answer that question on the ground that Mr. WADLEIGH. That is right.
Mr. MUNDT. Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are
the answer might incriminate me. about to give is the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth,
Mr. RANKIN. Now, then, in other words, you are between two fires
so help you God?
them is treason and the other is perjury. If you
admitted you did give these Mr. OWENS. I do.
documents out at that time, you would be
guilty Mr. MUNDT. You may be seated.
of treason. If you did not give them out, your answer is "No"-
TESTIMONY OF COURTNEY E. OWENS
a very simple answer-and the only thing that could come to you by
"No" would be conviction of perjury, if it was shown that
answering Mr. RUSSELL. Will you state your full name, Mr. Owens?
you were giving out these documents at that time.
Mr. OWENS. Courtney E. Owens.
Mr. WADLEIGII. May I ask the committee this question: If that mat-
Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Owens, you are attached to the committee staff
ter is considered germane to the Hiss-Chambers investigation, then my
as an investigator, are you not?
answer remains that I refuse to answer on the grounds that the answer
Mr. OWENS. That is right.
might incriminate me.
Mr. R Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. Owens, did you serve a subpena upon Mr. Wad-
ANI{IN. It is germane.
leigh this morning?
Mr. WADLEIGII. If it is not germane to it, then perhaps I might
change my testimony.
Mr. RANKIN. It is germane, and you better be glad that ,you are Mr. OWE NS. I did.
Mr. RUSSELL. Where was that subpena served?
Mr. OWENS. The within named individual served in the offices of
before a committee of Congress and not before a court martia l.
Herman Greenberg, Joseph Forer, and David Rein, attorneys at law,
Mr. WADLEIGII. 1, m under the grand jury; I am still under subpena.
1105 K Street NW., Washington, D. C., at 11 a. in. of this date.
to the grand jury.
Mr. RUSSELL. Did you have a conversation with Mr. Wadleigh last
Mr. RANKIN. If you were before a court martial, you would answer
night regarding his appearance before the committee?
whether or not you were giving out these secret documents at that
V. OwENS. I did.
time and perpetrating treason .against your country.
Mr. RUSSELL. That conversation occurred after you had endeavored
Mr. WADLEIGH. I still ask : Is that germane to the Hiss-Chambers
to locate him all day yesterday, did it not?
investigation?
Mr. OWENS. That's right.
Mr. RANKIN. Yes; it is germane.
Mr. RUSSELL. What did Mr. Wadleigh tell you last night?
Mr. WADLEIGII. If it is germane, then my answer stands. If it is not
Mr. OWENS. Mr. Wadleigh reached me by phone last night about
germane, I am prepared to change my answer to that one.
Mr MUNDT Yes; other questions? 11:30. We had endeavored to reach him at his home in Vienna, and
question, his wife had no knowledge of his whereabouts. Mr. Wadleigh called
Mr. NIXON. Yes; I would like to follow that. Your answer to the
me and said that he had been in New York all day, and that he had
then, is that you did not, in 1941, give out any secret docu-
been testifying before the grand jury. I told him that we had been
ments to any group unconnected with the Hiss-Chambers controversy?
searching for him, that the committee desired testimony from him,
Mr. WADLEIGII. I stand by my previous testimony, sir, that if the
and he said that he would be glad to come down here tomorrow.
committee rules that that matter is germane, I will persist in refusing
to answer the question. If the committee rules that the answer is not
germane, I will Well, I said, "I would like to serve you, and where can I meet you
reconsider it.
Mr. MUNDT. No question about its germaneness, because it strikes tomorrow morning, at your office?" He said, "Na," that he would
rather meet me at our offices.
He told me that he had an appointment to see counsel at 9 :30 this
right at the core of what we are trying to determine: Who was it who
morning, and would come immediately to these offices from counsel's
filched the documents from the State Department and delivered them
to Whittaker Chambers? It involves precisely those documents. It
offices. That was what the gist
Mr. RUSSELL. In other words, when he talked with you last night
Mr. RANKIN. And later to our enemies during the war ist of the conversation was last night.
is precisely germane.
.
Mr. MUNDT. There being no he gave you the impression that it was his counsel with whom he
further questions, the committee will
standadjourned, and the witness will intended to confer in the morning?
be continued under our subpena.
Mr. OWENS. Exactly.
Mr. RUSSELL. That is this morning?
Mr. Russell, do we have another witness?
That will be all for you for the moment, Mr. Wadleigh.
Mr. OWENS. That's right.
Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. RUSSELL. This morning did Mr. Wadleigh get in touch with
Will counsel call the next witness?
you regarding his whereabouts?
r. Owens.
Mr. O WENS. No ; he didn't. I began to get a little concerned, and
Before Mr. Wadleigh leaves, Mr. Chairman, do you desire that he
then made further attempts to locate Mr. Wadleigh at about 10:45
be retained under subpena?
May when he hadn't shown or hadn't called.
Mr. MUNDT. Yes.
Mr. I out that I am still under subpena by
. WADLEIGII. point :
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the grand jury .
Mr. MUNDT. You are now under two subpenas?
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Mr. OWENS. Yes; I did. I located him in the offices that I read
off a minute ago.
Mr. RUSSELL. What time was that?
Mr. OWENS. I reached him about 11, within 10 minutes of 11 o'clock,
between 11 and 11: 10. I left these offices and proceeded to those
offices, 1105 K Street.
Mr. RussELL. That is all.
Mr. MUNDT. That is all for the witness.
The committee will meet in executive session at 3: 30 this afternoon.
(Whereupon, at 1: 50 p. m., the committee adjourned.)
HEARINGS REGARDINQ COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE IN
THE UNITED STATES
LEVINE. Nathan L. Levine.
Mr. STRIPLING. And your present address?
Mr. LEVINE. 960 Sterling Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Mr. STRIPLING. What is your profession?
Mr. LEVINE. I am an attorney at law.
Mr. STRIPLING. How long have you been an attorney?
FRIDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1948
UNITED STATES HOUSE or REPRESENTATIVES,
SPECIAL SUBCOMMITTEE OF TIIE
COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES,
C.
The subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 11: 30 R. M., in the
Caucus Room, Old House Office Building, Hon. Karl E. Mundt (acting
chairman) presiding.
Committee members present : Representatives Karl E. Mundt (pre-
siding), John McDowell, Richard M. Nixon, Richard B. Vail, John
E. Rankin, and F. Edward Hebert.
Staff members present: Robert E. Stripling, chief investigator;
Louis J. Russel and William A. Wheeler, investigators; and A. S.
Poore, editor.
Mr. MUNDT. The committee will come to order, please.
The record will show that after being in executive session the motion
was made we go into open session and was carried unanimously ; also
that the following members of the committee are present in addition
to the chairman : Mr. McDowell, Mr. Nixon, Mr. Vail, Mr. Rankin,
and Mr. Hebert.
The committee had before it in executive session, briefly Mr. Nathan
Levine, and Mr. Stripling will please call Mr. Levine to the stand and
let him proceed with his testimony in open session.
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Levine, will you please take the witness chair.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Levine, I will ask you to stand and'be sworn again.
Do you solemnly Swear the testimony that you are about to give is
the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?
Mr. LEVINE. I do.
Mr. MuNDT. You may be seated.
TESTIMONY OF NATHAN L. LEVINE
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Levine, will you please state your full name?
Mr. LEVINE. Since 1933.
Mr. STRIPLING. Where do you spand Street? Manhattan.
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COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE
Mr. LEVINE. I took this package and put it on top of the old dumb-
waiter shaft which had been converted on the second and first floors
into a linen closet. The address is 260 Rochester Avenue, Brooklyn,
N. Y., and is the home of my folks. At that time I resided with them,
and at that time they occupied both the first and second floors.
The house is so constructed, or was so constructed, that there was
an old dumb-waiter shaft from the top of the house to the cellar. On
the second floor and on the first floor, some 15 years ago it had been
converted into a linen closet for each apartment.
I put it on the top of the dtnb-waiter shaft so that it reposed on
the top of the linen closet on the second floor. Access to that particular
spot was obtained through the bathroom window, which has an air
shaft from the roof to the floor below, the first floor. It remained
there for 10 years.
Mr. STRIPLING. Did you ever at any time during that period of 10
years check to see if it was still there?
Mr. LEVINE. No, I had forgotten about it.
Mr. STRIPLING. You put it there and it remained there?
Mr. LEVINE. That is right.
Mr. STRIPLING. Before you continue, Mr. Levine; I wish you would
give the committee any information you have as to the manner in which
this envelope was sealed.
Mr. LEVINE. It was a manila envelope and it was gummed. I be-
lieve there was a piece of gum placed over the flap. This gum piece
is white with a red border. Also there were two prongs which fasten
over and take the flap of the envelope. I believe it was either elastic
or rubber band, or possibly cord that originally bound it.
Mr. STRIPLING. possibly right, sir. Now, you placed this envelope there
10 years ago?
Mr. Devi NE. That is right.
Mr. STiurT.cNG. Do you recall the date or time of year that you
placed it there?
Mr. LEVINE. No, sir.
Mr. STIr1'LING. Did Whittaker Chambers ever get in touch with you
after you had placed it there, regarding the package?
Mr. LEVINE. About 3 weeks ago this past Sunday he was at my home.
On that morning I had received a telegram from him, which telegram
was telephoned by Western Union to my home. Previous to that, on
either the Thursday or Friday prior thereto, he had telephoned me and
stated that he wanted to see me and said that he would contact me on
Sunday.
Mr. MUNDT. As far as you can recall, what were the contents of that
telegram?
Mr. LEVINE. "Arriving 1 o'clock. Have my things ready," or words
to that effect:
At the time that I received the telegram message, over the telephone,
my wife asked me what had occurred, or what the telephone call was,
and I repeated the message to her, and she said to the, "What does he
mean ?" I said "I will be darned if I know. He probably has some
books` and pamphlets in the cellar of my mother's home, but in the
10-year period my nephew and his friends must have cleaned out that
cellar on four or five occasions and probably threw away most of the
stuff."
He still may have some books there or pamphlets which I have shown
to the FBI.
At some time after 1 o'clock I received a telephone call from him
telling me he had arrived and was coming down. He came to my
home and we were just about finishing our lunch. We had other mem-
bers of the family over. He came in and I invited him to have a cup
of coffee and miscellaneous items of food.
Mr. STRIPLING. What address was it he came to on this Sunday?
Mr. LEVINE, 960 Sterling Place, Brooklyn.
Mr. MUNDT. That is your present home address?
Mr. LEVINE. Yes; where Preside with my wife and two children.
Mr. STRIPLING. I want to make it clear this was not at the same
address where these papers had been deposited.
Mr. LEVINE. Since January of 1939 1 have been married, and in
January 1939 I lived at 486 Brooklyn Avenue and have lived at other
addresses since.
Shall I proceed?
Mr. STRIPLING. Yes; proceed.
Mr. LEVINE. During that afternoon we conversed and lie told me
about the Federal court proceeding wherein Alger Hiss had sued him
for $75,000 damages in a slander and libel action, and that there were
depositions then pending. He asked me various things pertaining to
depositions and he then told me that one of the inquiries or interroga-
tories was whether he had anything iii writing pertaining to the Kiss
matter.
I told him that the books and pamphlets that he had around the
house and junk were probably thrown out, that we still had some stuff
in the cellar we didn't know whether it belonged to him or belonged to
my brothers-in-law, or it might have even belonged to me.
During the conversation mention was made of a package that he
had given to inc sonic 10 years prior. I indicated to bin that I had
it over at mother's house, and during the time that he, was there mother
and dad and my brothers and sisters at times came in. Time conversa-
tion I had with hiin, of course, was interrupted, and lie told them
about his appearances before this committee and various other details.
Mr. STRIPLING. What we want is all the facts which relate to this
package.
Mr. LEVINE. A little after 4 we left. I told the members of the
family that were present in my apartment that I was going to take
him to the train. We left and I took him to 260 Rochester Avenue,
Brooklyn, N. Y. We went into the house, and much to my surprise,
my nephew was still there, and lie had been in his hobby cellar.
Mr. STRIPLING. How old is your nephew?
Mr. LEVINE. Twelve and a half. I introduced him to his uncle Whit-
taker Chambers. He then went back into the cellar, and after I re-
moved my coat, we went upstairs. I then went into the air shaft
through the bathroom on the second floor and reached up and looked
for this package. I got the package and gave it to him with the 10
years of dust on it. Part of the dust fell off into the bathtub, onto the
bathroom floor, and all over, and my hands were filthy. I remember
that we washed our hands.
Mr. STRIPLING. You handed him the package?
80408-48-pt. 2--0
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Mr. LEVINE. That is right. Then a little later he went into the
Mr. kitchen and he apparently d up package. At that time I Mr. LEVINE. He invited me in to dinner, I had dinner with him, in
operre p p the Pennsylvania restaurant, and then we went out. He had a little
was in the bathroom cleaning up the mess in the bathtub and on the time. We went back to my car and we talked, and I tried to give him
floor and on the sink. On one occasion I came into the kitchen and some legal advice. He told me to wait until I heard from him.
he was standing about the middle of the kitchen with some papers in Up until that time I didn't even know his farm address. I had
his hands, and Tie uttered an exclamation to me which I don t remein never been to his home. Up until that time I had not seen him for 4
her the exact words-it was either "holy cow" or some exclamation, ears and over a period of 10 ears I might have seen him but four or
"I didn't think that this still existed," or "was still in existence." five times. years b
About that time Donald, my nephew, called to me and I went to the When he came to my home, my wife had not seen him in the 10 years
hall. When I came back later, he asked me to obtain an envelope or that we had been married, or approximately 10 Years that we had
what they call a folder, and I went downstairs and procured a folder
and gave it to him. been married. I introduced him to my son, who is going to be 8 in
January, saying that that was his uncle. Up until recently when
I think I went back to the hall and then a little later we left. I had noticed in the papers, I didn't know he had been a Quafier. I
Mr. STRIPLING. Where did you go when you left the house? he had another religious faith.
Mr. LEVINE. I started to take him to the subway station, but instead thought I recall one incident approximately a little after the time he became
I took him to the Pennsylvania Railroad Station by car-in my car. associated with Time magazine. I had been with him and lie told
Mr. STRIPLING. What conversation, if any, ensued after you left the
house? me that the reason he took a job with Time magazine was so that he Mr. LEVINE. Well, we talked about the Federal court matter, various should be in the public eye so that the Communists would not dare
details. He asked me questions about depositions, and I gave him attempt to liquidate him. That was the reason lie took a job of such
some legal advice and I asked him if I could possibly help him in that importance.
Federal court case. I told him, though, that he would first have to Mr. STRIPLING. That is all the questions I have, Mr. Chairman.
speak to his attorney. He told me who his attorney was. Mr. MUNnr. The Chair would like to ask this question :
Mr. STRIPLING. You say the Federal court case. You are speaking You have known Whittaker Chambers altogether, as I understand
now of the civil action? it, about 15 years or 10 years.
Mr. LEVINE. That is right. Mr. LEVINE. About 15 years. A little before he was married to
Mr. STRIPLING. Procee. my aunt.
Mr. LEVINE. He told me that Mr. Cleveland was his attorney, and Mr. MUNDT. During that interval did you know him by any other
I told him that he had better ask Mr. Cleveland before he could avail name than Whittaker Chambers? Did you ever communicate with
himself of my counsel, that Mr. Cleveland might not want me to come you in any way under an alias or pseudonym?
down from New York. Mr. LEVINE. No, Sir. He was only known as Whittaker Chambers.
During the conversation we also spoke about the atmosphere in Mr. MUNDT. When he would sign a communication to you such as
which his Federal court case was going to be tried. I told him that telegrams, lie would sign Whittaker Chambers or Uncle Whittaker?
the public was probably forgetting about all this spy talk that had Mr. LEVINE. Just Whit. We rarely used the "uncle" part.
ensued during the summer and that if I were he, I would either get a Mr. MUNDT. You mentioned earlier that on one or two occasions
good publicity man or I would write a series of articles waking up because of Mr. Chambers dread fear of Communists,, you accompanied
him on appointments to places he felt might be a plant.
America to the situation that he was trying to accomplish, and that Mr. LEVINE. That is right.
if he had a better atmosphere, chances are that the result he would Mr. MUNDT. Could you give us any insight into the nature of the
obtain in the Federal court would be much better for him.
He also tme about Alger Hiss and his various connections. appointments of that type?
Mr. also told ol STRLPLING. Had he ever told you prior to that time the details Mr. LEVINE. I remember on one occasion when he visited a woman
of his operations in the Communist Apparatus and underground? in connection with some free-lance translating work, that he appar-
Mr. LEVINE. No. ently was doing for his livelihood. Before we went up there, he
Mr. STRIPLING. He had never discussed those details with you? asked me to have dinner with him, and I had dinner with him some
Mr. LEVINE. No. place in New York, and he then told me that lie wanted me to ac-
Mr. STRIPLING. Mr. Levine, are you now or have you ever been a company him to this particular place and that he was afraid that
member of the Communist Party? possibly some Communist had made the appointment as a plant and lie
Mr. LEVINE. I am not a Communist and I have never been a Corn- was fearful of the results.
munist, nor has any other member of my family been a Communist or . He asked me if I would go along with him and, of course, I said I
is a Communist. would, and I think he once said, Well, do you know how to scream,"
Mr. STRIPLING. You then took Mr. Chambers to the railroad station or some words to that effect. The place is either in the 100-and-some-
and let him out, is that correct? Did you leave him there? odd street or in the Bronx in an apartment house. I went there and I
sat nearby within hearing distance, and they talked about translating
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 CIA-RDP83-O Q34 2OQfl.5Q'0A7tently it was a perfectly legitimate set-up.
 1458 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE 1459
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 CIA-RDP83-01 (?#.F OWWWt7ated that you put this envelope in the shaft
Mr. MUNDT. Knowing your uncle as you did, did he glue you a
in the first instance approximately 10 years ago?
pretty definite opinion, authentic opinion, that lie actually was in Mr. LEVINE. That is right.
fear of something? Mr. NIxoN. And you were the person. who obtained it from the
Mr. LEVINE. There is no doubt about that. shaft 4 weeks ago this Sunday?
Mr. MUNDT. No doubt about that? Mr. LEVINE. This coming Sunday.
Mr. LEVINE. No doubt about it.
Mr. MUNDT. And that continued for about how long, this feeling Mr. Mr. NIXON. LEVINE. Yes.
That is right.
of fear on his part? Mr. NIXON. Now in examining the envelope would you say-was
Mr. LEVINE. Well, I wouldn't be surprised if it continued to a little there any question in your mind whatever that it might have been
after the time he took the job with Time magazine and probably con- opened in that period?
tinned in reservation to date. Mr. LEVINE. It wasn't open and I think the condition of the envelope
Mr. MUNDT. Were there any other appointments on which you ac- would indicate that it was there during the entire 10 years. I pointed
hw w as s nanotheo er toc occasion, , but security I officer? couldn't tell you the out to the FBI and showed them the spot. They examined the spot.
com LEVINE. as as't
Mrr. . LEVtr I also say that you can examine the dust up there and the dust on
details. the envelope and I can show you that it came from the same spot.
Mr. MUNDE. also turned out to be not a plant? Probably tie condition of the envelope ' itself would show you that
Mr. LEVINE. T That is right. He met some Irian' existed there for 10 year
Mr. MCDowELL. Mr. Chairman, I think the committee should know it had d eexisted The seal hay nobeen broken?
regarding Mr. Levine some of the actions at the hearing in the Hotel MMr. LEVINE. The seal had not been broken. It had been inviolate
Commodore in New York last, Monday night when Mr. Levine s name and until that time Mr. Chambers didn't know it was there.
was brought into this matter for the first time. Mr. NIXON. Mr. Chambers during this 10 year period didn't know
Mr. Chambers was asked various questions as to these matters that it was in that spot?
have been testified to here today. We were concerned about where was of course not.
this stuff had been kept over a period of years. He, described when he MMr. r. LEVINE.
were the only person that knew it was in that spot?
had put the material into the pumpkin only a few hours before it was r NYes, ser,
finally found. He then described that he' had given this package to Mr. LEVINE. VNIXON. s far as you know, then, nobody during that period
his nephew and he named Nathan Levine rather reluctantly. had access N. that particular spot then, oho envelope was loerid where When we questioned him about Nathan Levine, he promptly quali- availed themselves of access to that spot?
feed Mr. Levine as knowing nothing at all about the contents of the or Mr. avaLEVINE. That is right.
package, about not being a Communist in any sense, of being, as lie MrMr. LEVIN. I want to have the record clear on another point. When
described it, a very fine and decent young lawyer in the city of New you learned of the contents of this envelope there, will you describe
York.
Now, subsequent investigation by the members of the staff indicates to the committee when you first learned it and what you did at
that time?
that Mr. Chambers was telling the truth, that Mr. Levine is a normal . LEVINE. This past Friday when the news exploded in the news-
pers.
conspiracy. and decent citizen and has no connection with this entire Mar r I had oThis p s Fe in one en the New York ed in
conspiracy. I think that should be made a part of the record. p M
Mr. MUNDT. I appreciate that, Mr. McDowell, and I think it is r. MUNDT. By that you mean the news exploded involving your
very important to make that statement. name?
Mr. McDowELL. Also investigation develops that he has a reputa- Mr. LEVINE. No; exploded that there was some spy papers.
Lion of being not only a lawyer, but a good lawyer. Mr. McDowELL. In the pumpkin?
Mr. LEVINE. Thank you. Mr. LEVINE. In the pumpkin or whatever it was. All I remember
Mr. MUNDT. The committee is simply trying to corroborate or dis- is there was news about spy papers, and I put two and two together.
prove some of the previous testimony we have had concerning the I telephoned the Federal attorney's office and I went down later to
location and transfer of this envelope of material, and up to now the Federal attorney's office on Friday.
your testimony has corroborated the executive session testimony that I had seen the FBI men on Saturday and Sunday, and I have
Nye have had on that point by Mr. Chambers. - testified before the grand jury in part on Wednesday.
Mr. RANICIN. Mr. Levine, yon say this material was hid on top of Mr. NIXON. Did the Department of Justice people talk with you
a dumb-waiter. Was that dumb-waiter in use during those years? Friday about this case?
Mr. LEVINE. No. About 15 or 20 years ago the dumb-waiter shaft Mr. LEVINE. In all fairness to them, I just asked whether they
had been converted on the floor levels-the second floor and first floor- could see me.
into linen closets. Mr. NIXON. You gave them your name?
Mr. RANKIN. So it was what you might call a dead dumb-waiter. Mr. LEVINE. Oh, yes. Then after waiting a little while, a sugges-
Mr. LEVINE. A dead dumb-waiter shaft. Just dumb. tion came from the Secretary that the party was very, very busy and
Mr. RANKIN. That is all I care to ask. Approved For Release 2005/12/23 CIA-RDP83-01034R000200150007-7
 1460 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE Approved For Release 2005/12/23 CIA-RDP83-01034R00020015681I1T ESPIONAGE 1461
could I see them Monday or was it all right if I let it go until Mon- Mr. RANKIN. As far as I am concerned, all the perfumes in Arabia
day, and I said, "All right, let it go until Monday," that I would wouldn't sweeten Time magazine to me.
get in touch with the office on Monday. Mr. NIXON. Mr. Levine, Mr. Chambers could have avoided his pres-
Saturday and Sunday I had the FBI men at my house and we had ent difficulty very easily by simply having you destroy these documents;
them also over at 260. could he not?
Mr. NIXON. You heard from the Department of Justice again when, Mr. LEVINE. He could have destroyed them himself or the house
on Monday $ could have gone on fire and destroyed them.
Mr. LEVINE. They asked me to appear before the grand jury on Mr. NIXON. There was never any suggestion at the time he saw these
Monday. I appeared without a subpena and then I was served with documents that they were to be destroyed?
a subpena later during the day. I wasn't reached on Monday. I Mr. LEVINE. No. There was no suggestion as to their contents.
was subject to a telephone call every hour on Tuesday and on Wednes- Mr. NIXON. I might say also, Mr. Chairman, in that connection that
day morning I testified before the grand jury in part, and I understand this committee during its hearings during the past summer and also,
I am still subject to call for continuance of my testimony. as well exemplified by the witness that we heard yesterday, has heard
Mr. NIXON. Mr. Chairman, the witness has testified concerning the witness after witness come before it, men who have been most critical
connection Mr. Chambers had with Time magazine. I think at this of Mr. Chambers and who have when they have been questioned con-
point in the record it might be. well to read into the record the state- cerning their activities in the Communist underground plead
went Mr. Chambers has just released in New York City severing his self-incrimination.
connection with Time magazine. I think that with the criticism which, of course, must be made of
It reads as follows : Mr. Chambers for the actions that he committed 10 years ago which
I have offered my resignation as a senior editor of Time magazine. It has were not in thebest interests of this country, that in fairness to him
we should recognize that this evidence which has the effect of bringing
been accepted. Both of these acts became imperative when I recently began to
make revelations about Communist espionage. When Time hired me in 1939, its before the American people for the first time effectively the real
editors knew that I was an ex-Communist ; they did not know that espionage essence of the Communist conspiracy and its real danger, is available
was involved. only because this man was willing to risk a sentence, the loss of
For 9 years I have been actively fighting communism. I believe I was helpful y jail
in alerting Time's editors years ago to the dangers of world-wide communism his position, and criticism of his amily and of himself from now on.
which have been confirmed by events and which are now generally, If not im- Mr. LEVINE. Absolutely.
peratively, understood in this country. In my own writing I have tried to give Mr. NIXON. I wish to also point out that Mr. Chambers came to
expression to human values which I know from my own experience communism the Committee on Un-American Activities 10 years after his activities
denies and destroys. Now, after 9 years of work done in good conscience, I have
been called up to expose the darkest and most dangerous side of communism- with the Communist Party were severed. He testified, he answered
espionage. This can be done only if a man who knows the facts will stand up questions, he answered all of them at that time that we propounded
and tell them, without regard to the cost or consequences to himself. I cannot concerning the individuals who were before the committee; and, in
share this indispensable ordeal with anyone. Therefore, with a quiet and firm presenting that information, lie himself could have followed exactly
mind, I am withdrawing from among the colleagues with whom I worked for the same line under the same Constitution that some of the Com-
so many years and whose support has been loyal and generous. niunists are availing themselves of at the present time and plead self-
The statement of the publisher of-Time, Mr. Linen, upon receiving' incrimination. Asa result of that Mr. Chambers would still be a senior
this statement today from Mr. Chambers, is as follows : editor of Time magazine, his fancily would still be in a favorable
Time has accepted Mr. Chambers' resignation for the reasons he so well position as far as he is concerned, and there would be no danger what-
expressed. ever to his life insofar as threats from the Communists or insofar as
In accepting his resignation now, Time does not wish to prejudge and is not
prejudging his recent disclosures. Not until all the evidence is in can the pros Government prosecution, which apparently is inevitable at the present
and cons be weighed. time.
Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, a point of order. I am not making this statement for the purpose of making a defense
of Mr. Chambers, but I think the record should show the factors
Mr. NIXON (continuing reading) : which enter in at this time, and I for one wish to say that Mr. Cham-
Against the admitted disservice to his country of a decade ago, most be set bers, apart from the disservice that was rendered to the country and
the service we are convinced he is trying to perform for his country now. a disservice which was rendered only because there were people in this
I have a particular reason for bringing this in at this time. Government who gave him the information that he was able to turn
Mr. RANKIN. From the vicious and unwarranted attacks that Time over to the Communists and which he couldn't have rendered without
magazine has made on me, I don't think a Communist on their editorial the cooperation of those people, that apart from that, that Mr. Chain-
staff would embarass them, and I just object to reading this defense bers has willingly and voluntarily, with no necessity at all upon his
of it into the record. I don't mind them reading the witness' testi- part to do so, rendered a great service to the country by bringing these
mony in here. facts before the American people at this time.
Mr. MUNDT. Your objection is noted, but it comes after the fact. That is all.
The reading has been concluded. Approved For Release 2005/12/23 CIA-RDP83-01034R000200150007-7
 1462 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE
Approved For Release 2005/12/23
Mr. MUNDT. With that the Chair would like to add concerning the
significance of the revelation of those documents the fact that in New
York a day or two ago a representative of the Department of Justice
in a rare moment of good will and generosity toward this committee,
said publicly that at last they had been supplied with some documen-
tary evidence to proceed with this case, and that documentary evidence
came because and only because the investigators of this committee
found those documents, procured them, made them available without
subpena to the Attorney General's office, and neither all the perfume in
Arabia nor the slightly less aromatic odor of a red herring can erase
that from the record.
Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Levine, how well had you known your uncle, Whit-
taker Chambers, before he took you into his confidence to take that
package to secrete for him?
Mr. LEVINE. Well, I knew him socially; I recall going to the gym
with him, I had dinner occasionally with him.
For a short period of time, I think around 1936, 1937, he occupied
the hall bedroom at 260 Rochester Avenue, which he occasionally came
into, I think for a very short period of time, a period of a few months.
That was the reason we were left with his books and junk.
Mr. HEBERT. He lived at your home?
Mr. LEVINE. He occupied the hall bedroom and had access from the
hall. His wife was my aunt.
Mr. Hr'BERT. Did she go away with him when he went away or did
she remain there?
Mr. LEVINE. He lived there alone.
Mr. HI:BERT. Where did she live?
Mr. LEVrNE. Throughout the country, addresses I couldn't even tell
you.
Mr. HEBERT. What business was he in?
Mr. LEVINE. I did not know, other than I remember something about
the word "accounting" or he was translating books.
Mr. HEBERT. He was a writer?
Mr. LEVINE. He was either a writer or translator. He translated for
other writers.
Mr. HuBERT. Did you ever know whether he lived in Washington
over any period of time?
Mr. LE VINE. No, sir.
Mr. HEBERT. You did not know that?
Mr. LEVINE. No, sir.
Mr. H]BERT. Did you ever hear him mention the name of George
Crosley?
Mr. LEVrNE. No, sir.
Mr. HEBERT. Did you ever hear him mention the name of Alger Hiss
or Donald Hiss at that time?
Mr. LEVINE. No sir.
Mr. HFBERT. Except for the fact that you assumed that he was a
translator of books or a writer in a fashion, that was the only occupa-
tion you knew he had?
Mr. LEVZNE. Other than the word possibly "accounting" or "account-
ant."
Mr. HEBERT. Did he ever expound his communistic theories of gov-
t t or discuss an for of overnment with you?
ou o
ernmen o y
J Mr. LEVZNE. No, sir pproved For Release 2005/12/23
.
COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE 1463
CIA-RDP83-01034R000200150007-7
Mr. HE13ERT. You had no indication at all to indicate to you that
he was a member of the Communist Party or a Communist func-
tionary?
Mr. LEVINE. That is right.
Mr. HulnuiT. What reaction did you have when he finally told you
he was a Communist and had broken away and was in danger of his
life? Did you discuss that with him?
Mr. LEVINE. I guess a sort of protective one. Ile was a relative.
Mr. HEBERT. Was it a surprise to you?
Mr. LEVINE. Well, it was certainly a surprise:
Mr. HEBERT. Did you ask him how he had become a Communist and
why he had broken?
Mr, LEVINE, No; I don't think we went into that. lie was older
than myself, and I apparently must have listened rather than asked
questions at that time.
Mr, I- BERT. How old are you?
Mr. LEVINE. I am now 37.
Mr. HEBERT. He is 10 years older than you?
Mr, LEVINE. Yes.
Mr. HEBERT, He is 47 or 48. There was nothing that occurred in
your :mind: to discuss this matter with him other than for him to hand
the package to you and for you to secrete it?
Mr. LEVINE. I didn't secrete it, I put it away,
Mr. HEBERT. If you crawled up a shaft to hide something in the
dumb-waiter shaft, you certainly secreted it.. That is not a customary
place to store articles, is it?
Mr. LEVINE. No, sir.
Mr. HEBERT. You secreted it.
Mr. LEVINE. I put it away so the prying hands of children wouldn't
get it.
Mr. HEBERT. Did you put anything else up there so that the prying
hands of children couldn t get at it?
Mr. LEVINE. No ; that is the only time.
Mr. HEBERT. You did secrete it.
Mr. Chairman, I want to comment and again reiterate my position.
I believe Mr. Chambers has done a splendid service to this country.
At the opening of these hearings I made the remark that the only way
you could find criminals and have a successful. police department was
through the use of stool pigeons.
I do want to comment, however, and bring out the fact that Mr.
Chambers did not tell this committee the entire facts in the case
when he was brought before us the first time; and if it had not been
for Mr. Alger Hiss filing a suit against Mr. Chambers which forced
Mr. Chambers to produce evidence to protect himself in a slander
suit, we probably would not have gotten as much as we now have.
I don't want to commend Mr. Hiss for bringing a libel suit. I say
that in an objective fashion in order to keep the record straight.
I appreciate what Mr. Chambers has done, and I don't appreciate
the fact that he may be used as the goat of the situation, and all these
expressions of gratitude to Mr. Chambers and condemnation of others
should not allow this committee to lose sight of the fact that the man,
men, woman, or women in the State Department who stole those docu-
apprehended by the proper agency of this Govern
ts have not been, pp -
1y ~ZRrQ@~2QQ1QOT-what is the important thing. Chambers and
 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE 1465
1464 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE
lAcp rove. f For ggelean 2005/12/23: CIA-RDP83-01 Q 4.RP=1Q,1~rQQ7vrards, you never gave it another thought until
Hiss are incidents to me. I want the rea imma s and 1 wan he it was brought to your attention by Mr. Chambers again `?
people who are supposed to know how to do their business to get them Mr. LEVINE. That is right.
to and do its job. top josuing statements in criticism of a committee which is trying Mr. VAIL. But you did remember at that time the place it was? Mr. MUNDT. In that connection, I wonder if you-would not agree Mr. LEVINE. Not immediately, but by the time we got to 260 Roches-
with the Chair. You make a very important point. Had it not been -ter Avenue.
Mr. VAIL. If you had recalled it, it would be natural for you to re-
for the existence of this committee and the functioning of this com- y
mittee in open hearing, Mr. Alger Hiss would never have brought move the envelope?
suit against Mr. Whittaker Chambers, so the documents would never Mr. LEVINE. Certainly.
have been brought into existence up until this very moment. Mr. VAIL. But you had completely forgotten its existence?
Mr. HuBERT. If it had not been for the existence of this committee, Mr. LEVINE. That is right.
this country would not have been alerted against the danger of Com- Mr. VAIL. And it was recalled to your memory--
munists and communism. It has been a tough fight against almost Mr. LEVINE. Besides, I didn't know the contents of it.
Mr. VAIL. At the time that it was opened in your home--
insMrmRu N insurmountable Since the rest of you have expressed your views, I Mr. LEVINE (interposing). My mother's home.
would like to say this : I am not yet convinced that Mr. Chambers Mr. VAIL. In your mother's home, did you have an opportunity
was not a Communist during the time he was on the staff of Time to view the contents at that time?
No; outside of this instance where he was holding
magazine. I cannot join in any exuberant commendation of a man Mr. LEVINE. No~
who knew all during the war, according to his own testimony, that this some papers in the kitchen and I came in. Outside of that instance,
man Wadleigh, who had been passing out, according to his statement, I didn't have any opportunity; and besides, even if I saw what it was,
secret documents from the State Department, was still in that posi- I still wouldn't know what it was except writing.
tion and probably carrying on the same conduct while our boys were Mr. VAIL. You didn't have an opportunity then to look closely
dying by the thousands on every battle front in the world, and many enough to see the film?
of them perhaps as a result of this treachery ; and knowing also at Mr. LE'viNE. That is right.
the time that this man Hiss, who he says was also perpetrating this Mr. VAIL. On those occasions when you accompanied Mr, Cham-
treason, was still in the State Department-all that throws many ques- bers to these suspected plants, you went along as his body guard?
ion marks with me, but there is one thing that is definitely certain. Mr. LEVINE. I guess you would call it that.
With all the nagging we have had from the present Attorney Gen- Mr. VAIL. Were you armed?
eral, this committee has done a great work and if it had not been for Mr. LEVINE. Oh, no.
this committee, this conspiracy would never have been uncovered. Mr. VAIL. No further questions.
If we did not have the ocular proof, I would still have grave doubts, Mr. LEVINE. Except I am 6 feet 1.
but we have these microfilms, copies of the documents that were Mr. RANKIN. When he opened these documents there, you said
stolen from the State Department at that time, and nobody has ever in the kitchen, did you suspect the significance of them at all?
been able to explain those documents or those microfilms away. Mr. LEVINE. Ile opened there, and I was in the bathroom. - At the
In other words, in the words of William C. Brandt, the great time he opened the envelope in the kitchen, I was in the bathroom.
iconoclast, "You can't explain a dead cat out of the family cistern." Mr. RANKIN. I understand.
They have never been able to explain those documents away. and if Mr. LEVINE. And then a little later when I did come in, I still
we had listened to the carping criticism of Tom Clark, the Attorney didn't know what they were and I didn't know what they were until
General., we would never have got our hands on them. this past Friday when this thing exploded in the newspapers.
Mr. STRIPLING. I have no further questions, Mr. Chairman. Mr. RANKIN. Did you suspect the significance of them at that
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Vail. time?
Mr. VAIL. Mr. Levine, during the 10-year period during which you Mr. LEVINE. Of course not. If I did, I would have burned them,
had possession of the envelope, did you ever have a feeling of curiosity probably.
as to its contents? Mr. RANIKIN. Well, to say the least, we are uncovering some of the
Mr. LEVINE. I had forgotten about it. most flagrant treason that has ever been committed in the history
Mr. VAir.. You married subsequently. You never had any occasion of this country.
to discuss the envelope with your wife? Mr. MUNDT. Anything further? If not, thank ou, Mr. Levine.
Mr. LEVINE. No, sir; except recently, if you mean that. The committee will go into executive session in the' committee room
Mr. VAIL. No; I meant prior to that. When the Hiss-Chambers at this time.
case broke and this committee was holding hearings on that case. (Whereupon, at 12: 30 p. in., the open session was concluded.)
didn't your memory revert back to the time when Mr. Chambers had
delivered the documents to you?
Mr. LEVINE. No, sir. Approved For Release 2005/12/23 CIA-RDP83-01034R000200150007-7
 Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP83-01034R000200150007-7
HEARINGS REGARDING ESPIONAGE IN THE
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
TUESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1948
UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON
UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES,
Washington, D. C.
The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 11 It. in., in room 226,
Old House Office Building, Hon. Karl E. Mundt presiding.
Committee members present : Representatives Karl E. Mundt, John
McDowell, Richard ,M. Nixon, John E. Rankin, and F. Edward
Hebert.
Staff members present : Robert E. Stripling, chief investigator;
Louis J. Russell, Donald T. Appell, investigators; and A. S. Poore,
editor.
Mr. MUNDT. The committee will come to order.
The committee has been hearing in executive session a series of pre-
liminary questions propounded to Mrs. Bachrach, and by motion of
the committee, passed unanimously, we have decided to go into open
session at this time. I will ask Mrs. Bachrach to stand and be sworn
under the usual procedure.
Do you solemnly swear the testimony you are about to give will
be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you
God?
Mrs. BACHRACI. I do.
Mr. BLOCII. If the Chairman please, could I assume that my notice
of appearance has been duly noted and that it is ,not necessary to
repeat it ?
Mr. MUNDT. We will get to that in a moment.
TESTIMONY OF MARION BACHRACH
Mr. STRIPLING. Mrs. Bachrach, will you please state your full name
and present address.
Mrs. BACIRACH. Marion Bachrach, 242 West Eleventh Street, New
York City.
Mr. STRIPLING. What is your present occupation?
Mrs. BACFIRACH. I am a writer.
Mr. STRIPLING. Where are you empployed ?
Mrs. BACIIRACII. In the national oft'ice of the Communist Party.
Mr. STRIPLING. How long have been employed there?
Mrs. BACHRAC.ii. To the best of my recollection, approximately 3
years.
Vf Mr. STRIPLING. Would you give the committee a r6sum6 of your pro-
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 1468 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE
o ngg rior R is aoth 2005/12/23
Mrs. BACHRACII. On advice of counsel and inv i
under the first amendment and the fifth amendment, I refuse to answer
that question. Under the first amendment I consider it an invasion
of my rights to privacy of association and political views. I wish to
make in open session the statement I have already made in closed ses-
sion, concerning my understanding of the fifth amendment, and that
is that it was designed not to shielc'l the guilty, but to protect the inno-
cent against possible self-incrimination, and I therefore exercise my
right against possible self-incrimination in refusing to answer that
question.
Mr. MUNDT. The Chair would like to say at this point, as he did in
the closed session, that he believes the lady has expressed the genesis of
the fifth amendment correctly, but unfortunately a great many guilty
have been using it to shield the guilty as well as to protect the innocent.
Mr. RANKIN. She admits she represents an organization that is
d
edicated to the overthrow of this Government.
Mr. MUNDT. That is right.
Mr. STRIPLING. Mrs. Bachrach, are you here in response
pena?
Mrs. BACHRACH. Yes.
Mr. STRIPLING. Are you accompanied by counsel?
Mrs. BACHRACH. I am.
Mr. STRIPLING. Counsel, would you identify yourself again for the
record?
Mr. BLOCII. My name is Emanuel H. Bloch. I am an attorney with
offices at 270 Broadway, New York City.
Mr. STRIPLING. Is this your first appearance before this committee?
Mr. BLocri. It is not.
Mr. STRIPLING. Did you represent Mr. Steve
before the committee?
Mr. BLOCII. I did.
Mr. MUNDT. Who is Mr. Steve Nelson l
Nelson when he was
Mr. STRIPLING. Would you identify Mr. Steve Nelson for us?
Mr. BLOCK. Before I answer that, how long ago was that?
Mr. STRIPLING. Several months ago. He is a. Communist Party
official.
Mr. RANKIN. Let me ask this, Mr. Stripling. Did you say he was
a Communist Party official?
Mr. STRIPLING. He is a Communist. Party official. Ile was called be-
fore the committee in connection with the espionage investigation re-
ardin
t
tl
f
g
g
ia
t of atomic secrets.
he
Ile declined to answer the questions.
Air. RANKIN. He admitted he was a
monist Party?
Mr. STRIPLING. Ile still is. I believe Mr. McDowell can explain it
further.
Mr. McDOWELL. He is the head of the Communist Party in western
Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, and northern West Virginia. He now
lives in Harmarville, Pa. I believe he served the Communist Party for
a number of years as a sort of secretary of labor. He is an expert
on so-called foreign groups and is currently working to keep the Tito
Communists from jumping the line here as they did abroad.
1469
CIA-RDP83-VIQWR9R040(J 9FgT I don't have to answer the question. Now
I have no knowledge of some of the things Congressman McDowell
says, except that Steve Nelson, to my knowledge-and lie so testified
here-was, and I believe still is, a functionary of the Communist Party
operating in or about the Pittsburgh area.
Mr. MUNDT. That is the Steve Nelson you represented?
Mr. BLOCH. Yes; a few months ago he was subpenaed to appear
before this committee and before a subcommittee consisting of Con-
gressman Thomas, Congressman McDowell, and Congressman Vail,
and the hearing was conducted in this very room. I don't recollect
the precise date.
Mr. RANKIN. Are you a Communist?
Mr. BLocii. I would like to respond to Congressman Rankin's
question.
Mr. RANKIN. Just answer the question. That is all.
Mr. BLooil. I am going to answer it. This question by Congress-
man
Mr. MUNDT. The record should show before you answer it that the,
lawyer has not been sworn.
Mr. RANKIN. I ask that he be sworn, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. MUNDT. He is not a witness.
Mr. RANKIN. He is going to make an awful lot of testimony here.
Mr. BLOCH. I haven't offered any testimony yet. You asked a
question, and I am perfectly willing to reply to you if you will give
me a chance.
Mr. RANKIN. Unless he is willing to answer under oath, I withdraw
the question.
Mr. MUNDT. The question is withdrawn.' Proceed, Mr. Stripling.
Mr. NIxoN. I have one question.
Was Mr. Nelson the man that was alleged to have been involved in
the "Scientist X" case?
Mr. STRIPLING. That is right.
Mr. MCDOWELL. Nelson, by the way, is a native of Croatia.
Mr. BLOCH. I would like to say, if I may
Mr. MUNDT. Unless you want to be sworn, you are not to testify.
Mr. BLOCH. I am making a request of the chairman.
Have I that privilege?
Mr. MUNDT. You may.
Mr. RANKIN. I object.
Mr. BLOCII. I don't want any implications of statements here to
redound against me or my professional integrity or my rights as an
American citizen, and I resent the implication. I am here in accord-
ance with an honored tradition of the law.
Mr. STRIPLING. For several months the Committee on Un-American
Activities has had under investigation the operations of alleged under-
ground apparatus of the Communist Party which existed in the Gov-
ernment here in Washington from 1934 through 1938 that we know of.
The questions which will be directed to you this morning have to
do with determining the facts regarding that apparatus. If you de-
cline to answer the questions on constitutional grounds, I wish you
would so state. If you do not have the information of your own
knowledge, we would like for you to state and not to give a blanket
answer. Is that understood?
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 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE 1471 1470 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know Governor Dewey?
Mrs. BACIIRACH. I do not.
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know Alger Hiss?
Mrs. BACHRACH. I again invoke my right under the first amend-
ment and decline to answer on the ground that an answer might tend
to incriminate me.
Mr. RANKIN. Ask her if she knows former Congressman Savage of
Washington.
Mr. STRIPLING. DO you know former Congressman Savage of
Washington?
Mrs. BACHRACH. I do not.
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know Priscilla Hiss, the wife of Alger Hiss?
Mrs. BACIIRACII. I again decline to answer on the ground that the
question is an invasion of my rights under the first amendment and
also I exercise my right under the fifth amendment to refuse to give
an answer which might tend to incriminate me.
Mr. STRIPLING. I want you to bear in mind in answering the ques-
tions which I am about to ask you the instructions of the committee
that if you don't have any knowledge, you state so, but not a blanket
answer.
Mrs. BACIIRACH. I understand.
Mr. STRIPLING. Have you ever been in the home of Priscilla Hiss
in Washington, D. C. ?
Mrs. BACHRACH. I decline to answer on the ground that the question
is an invasion of my right under the first amendment and on the
further ground that I choose to exercise my right under the fifth
amendment and refuse to give an answer which might tend to in-
criminate me.
Mr. STRIPLING. Did you ever copy any documents from the De-
partment of State?
Mrs. BACIIRACH. I did not.
Mr. RANKIN. I want to call attention to the fact that the first
amendment has nothing whatever to do
Mr. MUNDT. She has been so advised, but if she wants to reaffirm
it, she may.
Mr. RANKIN. The first amendment has nothing whatever to do
with the right of a witness to decline to answer testimony during a
legitimate inquiry.
Mr. MUNDT. She has been so advised and if she refuses to repeat
it, she has that privilege.
Mr. STRIPLING. I will repeat the question. Did you ever copy any
documents removed from the Department of State?*
Mrs. BACIIRACII. I did not.
Mr. STRIPLING. Did you ever copy any documents removed from
the Bureau of Standards?
Mrs. BACIIRACH. I did not.
Mr. STRIPLING. Did you ever copy any documents removed from the
Navy Department?
Mrs. BACHRACH. I did not.
Mr. STRIPLING. Did you ever loan Mrs. Priscilla Hiss a typewriter?
Mrs. BACHRACH. I did not.
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Mr. Hu BrRT. Mr. Chairman, I again call attention to the fact that
the plea of the protection of the first amendment is not valid, the courts
have so held. The only validity of a plea is that it may degrade or
incriminate her and that is the only stand she can have without being
in contempt of the committee.
Mrs. BACHRACH. May I make a statement on it?
Mr. HHBERT. There is no statement to be made. That is
tion.
Mr. MUNDT. Proceed, Mr. Stripling.
Mr. STRIPLING. When and where were you born?
Mrs. BACIIRACH. I was born in Chicago, Ill.
Mr. STRIPLING. What year?
Mrs. BACHRACH. 1898.
Mr. STRIPLING. Where were your parents born?
Mrs. BACHRACH. They were both born in Illinois.
Mr. STRIPLING. Have you ever resided in Washington, D. C. ?
Mrs. BACHRACH. I decline to answer the question, invoking again
my right under the first amendment in which I still believe that valid-
ity resides, and also on the ground that it is within my right under
the fifth amendment and that my answer might possibly incriminate
me.
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know William Z. Foster?
Mr. MUNDT. The Chair insists that if you invoke your rights under
the fifth amendment, which is the only one valid under this committee,
that you spell out the reasons for invoking the fifth amendment.
Mrs. BACHRACH. On the grounds that the answer might tend to
incriminate me.
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you knnpw William Z. Foster?
Mrs. BACHRACH. I again decline to answer on the ground that this
is an invasion of my rights under the first amendment, privacy of
association, and on the further ground that under the fifth amendment
the answer might tend to incriminate me.
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know William Green?
Mrs. BACHRACH. I decline to answer on the same grounds.
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know Mayor O'Dwyer?
Mr. MUNDT. I am sorry, you will have to spell it out.
Mrs. BACIIRACII. On the grounds that this is again within my rights
under the first amendment to refuse to reveal my associations and
on the further ground under the fifth amendment that an answer
might tend to incriminate me.
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know Mayor O'Dwyer?
Mrs. BACIIRACII. I do not.
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know Senator Downey?
Mrs. BACHRACH. I do not.
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know former Representative John M. Coffey
of the State of Washington?
Mrs. BACHRACH. I do.
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know former Representative Hugh De Lacy
of the State of Washington?
Mrs. BACHRACH. I again decline to answer, exercising my rights
under the first amendment and also on th d 4-1,
h
gI onn at t
e answer
Mr. STRIPLING. Did you ever see a typewriter in the home of Mrs. might tend to incriminate me and that I therefore have a right to
Priscilla Hiss? f to a i endment.
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 1472 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE 1473
AApproved For elease 2005/12/23: CIA-RDP83-01034R000200150007-7
Mrs. BACIIRACH. I decline to answer on t 0 grow tha is is an ds invasion of illy right under first amendment and on the further Mrs. BACIIRACII. I decline to answer on the grounpreviously
ground that an answer might tend to incriminate me, invoking my stated. a
right under the fifth amendment. Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know Elizabeth T. Bentley'?
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know Donald Hiss? Mrs. BACHRACII. I do not.
Mrs. BACICRACII. I decline to answer on the ground that the question Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know, or did you know Jacob N. Golds?
is an invasion of my rights under the first amendment and on the Mrs. BACIIRACH. I do not.
further ground that it is my right so to do, to decline under the fifth Mr. STRIPLING. Do ou know Eleanor Nelson?
amendment because an answer might tend to incriminate me. Mrs. BACHRACH. I* decline to answer on the grounds previously
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know Lee Pressman? stated.
Mrs. BACIIRACII. I decline to answer on the ground that this is Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know Harold Ware? ds also an invasion of my right under the first amendment, on the ground Mrs. BACHRACII. I decline to answer on the groun previously
that it is my right to decline under the fifth amendment because the stated.
answer might tend to incriminate me. Mr. MUNDT. Do you know Louis Budenz?
Mr. STRIPLING. I shall ask the witness, Mr. Chairman, if she knows Mrs. BACHRACH. I decline to answer on the grounds previously
a list of individuals. If it is agreeable with the witness and with the stated.
Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, one of the reasons given for refusing
committee, if she replies, "Same answer" it will be understood that she ~ to answer questions is that this is not a legal committee of Congress.
mentionend. answer as to I want to call the attention of the committee to the fact that the Com-
giving the same n ows t he ithnatdivsheidualals as j just ust stated in
whether. or not Ishe
Mr. MUNDT. Is that t agreeable? munists raised that question and harped on it in the Dennis trial,
Mr. NIxoN. I have one question before you go into that list of and especially charged that I was not a legitimate Member of Congress.
names. The Federal Court of Appeals answered it in no uncertain terms,
Did Mrs. Alger Hiss ever deliver to you a typewriter? stating that the contention was silly and ridiculous; that this was a
Mrs. BACIIRACH. She did not. legitimate committee of Congress and that I, John Rankin, from
Mr. MUNDT. I would like to ask the witness another question. Are Mississippi, was a legal Member of the Congress of the United States.
you now or have you ever been a member of the Communist Party? This committee is the only committee in Congress that has been
Mrs. BACIIRACH. I decline to answer on the ground that this is a determined to be legal by the courts and I am the only Member of
direct invasion of my right under the first amendment on the ground Congress declared legally a Member of Congress.
further that I have the right so to decline under the fifth amendment Mr. MUNDT. Proceed, Mr. Stripling.
Mr. STRIPLING. I have no further questions.
be an answer might tend t incriminate me. Mr. MUNDT. Did you ever discuss with Mrs. Hiss in any way the
Mr.
Mr. MUNDT. Go ahead, Mr.S Stripling. s ypewriter?
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know John Abt? disposition on of of a a, ty I did not.
Mrs. BACIIRACII. I do. Mr. MUNDT. Why is it that you tell the committee that you know
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know Nathan Witt? John Abt and refuse to answer on the grounds of self-incrimination
Mrs. BACIIRACII. I dene to answer on Collins? e ground previously stated. the question of whether you know Nathan Gregory Silvermaster?
MMr.rs. STRIPLING.
BACIITRIPLING.RACH. I you declikne now to a IIns snwer o on the grounds previously Mrs. BACHRACH. My understanding of the fifth amendment is that
stated. it reserves to the person under examination the right to determine
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know Charles Kramer or Charles Krevitsky, for herself what questions might tend to be incriminating.
known under both names? Mr. MUNDT. Only on the basis that those questions must legitimately
Mrs. BACIIRACH. I decline to answer on the grounds previously sta- be such that an answer would be self-incriminating, not just a willy-
ted. nilly decision to be made by the witness.
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know Nathan Gregory Silvermaster? Mrs. BACIIRACH. My further understanding of my rights under the
Mrs. BACIIRACH. I decline to answer on the grounds previously fifth amendment is that the disclosure of reasons for willingness to
stated. answer some questions and refusal to answer others is tantamount to
Mr. STRIPLING. Do you know William Ludwig Ullmann? disclosing the ground which might be self-incriminating.
Mrs. BACHRACH. I decline to answer on the grounds previously Mr. STRIPLING. Are you related to John Abt?
Mr. RANKIN. I want to point out that that has been harped on
stated. time and time again and I want to call the committee's attention to
Mr. STRIPLING.. I dou know George Silverman? the fact that that provision of the fifth amendment merely applies
Mrs. BRCILRNGII do you
to a person answering for a capital offense or other infamous crime.
MrsMr. . STRIPLING. BACIIRACH. Do I you know Irving Kaplan? So unless it would incriminate her or stamp her as guilty of an in
decline to answer on the grounds previously
stated. famous crime, she has no right to refuse to answer these questions
e, pt~+ he committee-by members of the committee
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 1474 COMMUNIST ESPIONAGE
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP83-01034R000200150007-7
Mr. MUNDT. The chairman would like to state that the crime in-
volved here is very definitely a capital crime. It is either treason
in wartime or treason in peacetime.
Mr. RANKIN. What they are trying to shield here is treason because
these documents were stolen during the war. That was brought out
the other day. They were stolen after the fall of Pearl Harbor, some
of them, and transmitted to foreign countries ; so the point I want
h h' t d we have the documents to
on an
INDEX
touring out here Is t at t Is was reas
Page
show that this crime was committed.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Stripling, have you further questions? Abt, John------------------------------------------------ 1381, 1472, 1474
Acheson, Dean------------------------------------------------------- 1430
Mr. STRIPLING}. Yes. Agriculture Department ---------------------------------------------- 1430
Mr. BLOCH. May I ask a question? Amerasia-------------------------------------------------------- 1416,1417
Mr. STRIPLING. I want to clear this up. American Cafe---------------------------------------------------- 1383
Are you related to John Abt? American Legation, Vienna___________________________________________ 1388
Appell, Donald T------------------------------------------------- 1381-1385
Mrs. B I am. Bachrach, Marion ------------------------------------------------ 1467-1474
Mr. STRIPLINIPLING. Would you give the committee your relationship? Bentley, Elizabeth T------------------------------- 1381, 1426,1432, 1446, 1473
Mrs. BACHRACH. I am his sister. Berle, Adolf A., Jr __1______________ 1406, 1408-1410, 14144416, 1419, 1422, 1433
Mr. STRIPLING. That is all. Berle, Mrs. Adolf A., Jr-------------------------------------- 1406,1407,14 1414
Mr. MCDowELL. Do you know Vera M. Dean? Bloch, Emanuel H----------------------------------------------------
Book League of America--------------------------------------------- 1400
Mrs. BACIRACH. NO. Brandt, William C---------------------------------------------------- 1464
Mr. STRIPLING. I have one other question. British Government---------------------------------------------- 1419, 1421
Mr. MUNDT. Proceed. Budenz, Louis ------------------------------------------------------- 1473
Mr. STRIPLING. Have you ever been to the Soviet Union? Bullitt, William C________________________________________________ 1392, 1410
471
Mrs. BACIIRAOII. I have not. Bureau of Standards-----__`___`_______-- 1412
Burtan ------------------------------------------
______ 1404
Mr. MUNDT. Do you have any questions, Mr. Nixon? Bykov, alias Peters--------------------------------------------------
Mr. NIxoN. No questions. Cairns ------------------------------------------------------------- 1439
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. McDowell? Canadian Royal Commission --------------------------------------- 1414, 1427
Mr. McDOWELL. No questions. Canadian Royal. Mounted Police_______________________________________ 1413
Carl (alias for Whittaker Chambers)_________________________________ 1432
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Rankin? Chambers, Esther (Mrs. Whittaker Chambers) ---------------- 1452, 1457, 1462
Mr. RANKIN. No questions. Chambers, Whittaker (see also Carl; George Crosley)______________ 1381-1383,
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. 11ebert? 1388,1400-1402,1404-1410,1413-1416,1418-1426,1428,1430,1432-
Mr. 14-36,1442,1448,1452-1465.
I3EBERT. No questions. Chicago Daily News------------------------------------------------- 1400
Mr. BLOCH. Mr. Chairman--- Clark, Tom C---------------------------------------------------- 1417,1464
Mr. MUNDT. Mrs. Bachrach, you are dismissed for the time being Cleveland, Robert----------------------------------------------- 1388, 1456
and will be continued under subpena, and the committee will go into Coffee, John M---------------------- ------------------------------- 1470
executive session at this time. Collins, Henry--------------------------------------------------- 1381,1472
Committee of Imperial Defense_______________________________________ 1419
Mr. BLocn. Before you conclude, may I ask a question? Crosley, George (see also Whittaker Chambers_________________ 1414,1432, 1462
Mr. MUNDT. Not at the moment. We will go into executive session Dean, Vera M------------------------------------------------------- 1474
at this time. De Lacy, Hugh------------------------------------------------------ 1470
Mrs. BACHRACH. Mr. Chairman, I would like permission to read a Dewey, Thomas E____________________________________ ______________ 1471
Dies committee (see also Special Committee on Un-American Activi-
statement at this time. ties) ---------------------------------------------------- 1404,1415,1418
--------- -- ---------------------------------------------- 1470
Mr. MUNDT. Not at the moment. You are still under subpena. We Downey ------------------------------------------------------------
will go into executive session. Dozenberg, Nick----------------------------------------------------- 1412
Mr. BLocH. Are we excused for the day? Eisler, Gerhart__________________________________________________ 1432,1444
Mr. MUNDT. For the daes. Eastman Kodak Co----------------------------------------------- 1385, 1386
?y KFederal Bureau of Investigation -------------------------------------- 1397
Mrs. BACHRACH. Does t is mean I can return to New York? 1410,1411o 1433, 1443, 1445, 1446, 1455, 1459, 1460
Mr. MUNDT. You may. Federal Farm Board------------------------------------------------- 1430
Mr. RANKIN. Or Russia. Foreign Economic Administration____________________________ 1430,1439,1441
Forer, Joseph---------------------------------------------------- 1432,1449
Mr. BLOCH. Until further subpena? Foster, William z_________________________________________________ 1470
Mr. MUNDT. Until further summons. Gayn, Marc--------------------------------------------------------- 1417
Mr. BLocH. Until further summons. Golds, Jacob N______________________________________________________ 1473
Mr. MUNDT. The committee will adjourn. Gousenko ----------------------------------------------------------- 1413
(Whereupon, at 11: 25 a. in., the committee was recessed to recon- Grady, Henry------------------------------------------------------- 1430
vene in executive session.) Approved For Release 2005/12/23 CIA-RDP83-MIM062=50U0T7---------------------- ________________I__ 1470
 Li INDEX INDEX 'HI
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP83-Q~I~Q 9,,Q1QQW.7m7erican Activities (see also Dies committee)-- 1404,
Greenberg, Forer & Rein ------------------------------------------ 1432,1449 1415. 1418
Greenberg, Herman_______________________________ 1432,1438,1444,1445,1449
Greenfield, Robert T-------------------------------------------------- 1389
Hawkins, Harry C'------------------------------------------ 1430, 1431, 1435
Hay-Adams Hotel_______________________________________________ 1407,1408
Hearst Newspapers--------------------------------------------------- 1400
Henderson, Loy--------------------------------------------- 1410,1412,1416
Hiss, Alger------------------ -- ------------------ 1381, 1389, 1408,
1413, 1416, 1424, 1432, 1433, 1435, 1441, 1455, 1456, 1462-1464, 1471
Hiss, Mrs. Alger (Priscilla Hiss)_________________________ 1441,1472,1473
Hiss, Donald_____________________________________ 1381,1408,1442,1462,1472
Hiss, Priscilla (see also Mrs. Alger Hiss) -------------------------- 1381,1471
Hitler, Adolf---------------------------------------------------------- 1411
Hull---------------------------------------------------------------- 1392
Italian Government ------------------------------------------------ 1430,1439
Jaffee, Phillip--------------------------------------------------------- 1417
Japanese Ambassador-------------------------------------------------- -1417
Justice Department ------------ 1.416-1418,1420,1422,1424,1427,1459,1460,1462
Kansas City Star----------------------------------------------------- 1400
Kaplan, Irving ----------------------------------------------------- 1381,1472
King ---------------------------------------------.------------------- 1419
King, Senator -------------------------------------------------------- 1400
Kramer, Charles (alias for Charles Krevitsky)------------------------- 1472
Kravchenko, Victor ---------------------------------------------------- 1400
Krevitsky, Charles (alias Charles Kramer)_____________________________ 1472
Krivitsky, Walter___ 1400,1402-1406,1409-1412,1415,1416,1.418,1419,1426,1427
Ladd, Senator---------------------------------------------------------- 1400
Larson, Emanuel----------------------------------------------------- 1417
Levine, Isaac Don------------------------------------------------- 1399-1427
Levine, Nathan L___________________________________________ 1427,1451-1465
Lewis, Keith B-----------------.---.------------------------------- 1385-1387
Lincoln, Eunice A---------------------------------------------------- 1389
Linen, James A------------------------------------------------------- 1460
London School of Economics__________________________________________ 1430
Lothian-------------------------------------------------------------- 1419
McIntyre, Marvin------------------------------------------------ 1405,1406
Mitchell, Kate L------------------------------------------------------ 1417
Mortimer, George Horace_____________________________________________ 1410
NKVD --------------------------- _ 1409
Navy Department---------------------------------------------------- 1471
Neall, Adelaide ----------------------------------------------------- 1410
Nellis, Joseph--------------------.------------------------------------ 1444
Nelson, Eleanor------------------------------------------------------- 1473
Nelson, Steve-------------.--------------------------------------- 1468,1469
New York Globe---------------.--------------------------------------- 1400
New York Tribune--------------------------------------------------- 1400
Newcomb, Anna Belle------------------------------------------------- 1389
Nixon, Richard M----------------------------------------------------- 1385
OGPU -------------------------------------------------------------- 1409 O'Dwyer, William--------------?---------------I--------------------- 1470
Owens, Courtney E------------------------------------------------ 1449-1450
Oxford College--------------------------------------------------------- 1430
Pasvolsky, Leo------------------------------------------------------- 1430
Perlo, Victor--------------------------------------------------- 1381,1472
Peters (alias for Bykov)---------------------------------------------- 1404
Peurlfoy, John---------------------------------------------- 1389, 1391-1397
Plain Talk ------------------------------------------------------- 1400,1417
Pressman, Lee---------------------------------------------------- 1381,1472
Provost Marshal's Of[ice---------------------------------------------- 1381
Rein, David----------------------------------------------------- 1432,1449
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano ----------------------------------- 1405,1409,1410
Roth, Andrew--------------------------------------------------------- 1417
Saturday Evening Post_________________________________ 1403,1406,1410,1412
Savage, Charles Raymon---------------------------------------------- 1471
Sayre, Francis B--------------------------------------- 1387,1389,1430,1441
Stalin, Josef -------------------------------------------- 1404,1411,1426,1427
Stalin-Hitler pact______________________________________ 1405,1406,1411,1416
State Department------------------------------------------------ 1379,1386,
1388-1390, 1393-1397, 1401, 1406-1408, 1412, 1414, 1416, 1417, 1420-
1422, 1424, 1425, 1430-1435, 1439-1441, 1446-1448, 1463, 1464, 1471
Stephens, Alexander-------------------------------------------------- 1381
Stilwell, Joseph W--------------------------------------------------- 1417
Stimson, Henry L---------------------------------------------------- 1406
Stripling, Robert E----------------------------------------------- 1380-1381
Time Magazine______________________________ 1405,1457,1458,1460,1461,1464
Treasury Department ------------------------------------------------- 1381
Ullmann, William Ludwig------------------------------------------- 1472
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration--__--_ 1430, 1439,1440
United States Embassy, Moscow ----------------------------- 7 --------- 1405
University of Chicago------------------------------------------------ 1430
Valtin, Jan---------------------------------------------------------- 1400
Veterans' Administration ------------------------------------------ 1383,1384
Voice of America---------------------------------------------------- 1423
Wadleigh, Henry Julian------------------------------------- 1429-14 50, 1464
Ware, Harold---------------------------------------------------- 135I, 147.3
Welles, Sumner-----'--------------------------------------------- 1386-1392
Wheeler, William--------------------------------------- 1381-1385, 1387, 1393
White, Harry Dexter------------------------------------------------- 1381
Winchell, Walter ------------------------------------------------ 1410,1416
Witt, Nathan ---------------------------------------------------- 1,381. 1472
Woodley House------------------------------------------------------- 1406
Yardley Act--------------------------------------------------------- 1396
Service, John Stewart-------------------------------------------- 1417,14-18
Silverman, George ---------------------------- ovEF-or_Releasm 05/12/23: CIA-RDP83-01034R000200150007-7
Silvermaster, Nathan Gregory_____________________________________ 1472,1473