NATION'S

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00423R002000080004-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 27, 1999
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: June 1, 1955
• Content Type: MAGAZINE

IN THIS ISSUE
CPYRGHT
Wheels That Turn ---- ---------- -------- Page 3
Gasoline Tax----------------------------- --PagV 5
What are the Road Blocks to
Greater Milk Consumption? --Page 12
Broiler Financing is Different-__---Page 16
JUNE
1955
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Show stealer
wherever it goes !
PYRGH -r
`
Watch heads turn as you glide proudly
down the street in your new Chevrolet.
Hear its husky hum of power out on the
highway. Ij's no wonder Chevrolet is stealing
the thunder from the high-priced cars! Name
it, and Chevrolet has it:
Power? Plenty, in the 162-h.p. "Turbo-
Fire V8" (180-h.p. is optional at extra cost)
or in two new "Blue-Flame" 6's! Plus Power-
glide, Overdrive (extra-cost options), or new
Synchro-Mesh transmission. A choice of six
exciting power-drive combinations! . . .
Ride? Let a demonstration drive describe
real handling ease. New front and rear sus-
pension, new High-Level ventilation, tubeless
tires (at no extra cost) are only a few of its
luxury-car features. . .. Options? The
works! Power Steering, Power Brakes, even
Air Conditioning on V8 models... .
8tkyiing? Fresh and functional, free from
that "overdone" look!
Call your Chevrolet deafer for details and a
demonstration. . . . Chevrolet Division of
General Motors, Detroit 2, Michigan.
The motoramic Chevrolet
STEALING THE THUNDER FROM THE HIGH-PRICED CARS!
2 The Naiio>'s AGRICULTURE
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ICPYRGHT 4
By CHARLES B. SHUMAN
President, American Farm Bureau Federation
Y ES, it takes money- - in-
vested capital-to make the
11 wheels turn whether on the
farm, in the factory or in any
other business or profession.
All three : labor, management
and capital are essential ingredi-
ents in any modern business
operation. However, labor and
management can produce little
without capital funds to provide land, plant and
equipment:
Modern day farmers and their families have a
,keen appreciation of the increased capital required
by a mechanized agriculture. In addition, war gen-
erated inflation cut the value of money in half and
necessitated a doubling of invested dollars in all
businesses even when there was no growth or ex-
pansion.
What is the source of the flood of new dollars that
has kept the wheels turning on farms and in fac-
tories? Some of it has come from estates and trusts.
Corporation earnings and savings have contributed
to the total. Government investments and credit
guarantees have provided an increasing proportion
of total capital funds..
. However, the great bulk of invested funds comes
from the savings of millions of laborers, small busi-
ness men, farmers, office workers and professional
people who either invest directly or purchase insur-
ance policies for group investment..
If we are to have a healthy and gradually expand-
ing economy consistent with our increasing popu-
lation and our desire for greater opportunities, we
must have a continuation of this flow of savings into
agriculture, business and industry.
'There are at least two great dangers that threat-
en to dry up the source of the capital that is our
economic foundation. Further increases in taxes to
support big government spending could destroy the
ability of business to pay fair return on invested
capital.
Present federal income tax rates certainly dis-
courage the development of new business ventures.
Capital, like labor, is entitled to a fair wage and big
government is a real threat to the earnings of busi-
ness that are essential to both groups.
Another serious threat to our supply of capital
is the substitution of government funds for private
investments. Many of those who advocate govern-
ment. ownership of electric power, transportation
and other corporate businesses do not realize the
deadening and dangerous effects of government
monopoly.
Almost without exception, government ownership
and operation of business results in higher costs
(including taxes) to consumers and shortage: of
the product involved. Chicago's city owned transit
system is costly and antiquated, the T.V.A. area has
a -serious power shortage, and the Commodity
Credit Corporation storage costs are far higher
than those of private firms.
Why is it that one of the main premises of a So-
cialistic system--government ownership, has been
such a miserable failure?
In a free economic system the people invest their
savings in those businesses, factories or farms that
give promise or have demonstrated their ability to
earn a return or wage for labor, management and
capital.
In contrast, a government owned business de-
pends upon a political decision by Congress for capi-
tal funds. The voters do not always live where the
capital needs are greatest, thus capital shortages
almost always accompany public ownership.
Free enterprise, on the other hand, attracts capi-
tal by business success rather than "political pull."
Let us keep the wheels ' turning by encouraging
individual savings and investment rather than gov-
ernment ownership.
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 THE NATION'S
AGRICULTURE
No, 6
Creston J. Foster. Editor
Herbert W. Hail, Managing Editor
Frank Olsen. Advertising Manager
Publication Office; 404 North Wesley Ave., Mount
Harris, Illinois. Ray H. Wainer, OMoe Manager.
Editorial and Executive 0RIeo:
2300 Merchandise Hart. Chicago 34, Illinois
"Sure looks
like a
candy cane,
Mister"
"It does look like a whopping candy cane, son,
but it isn't. It's a new wire that's helping bring
more telephone service to rural areas."
It's six pairs of brightly colored insulated wires
wrapped around a steel supporting wire-that's
what makes it look like striped candy. We can put
it up more quickly than bare wires and six circuits
go in at once. And that's the reason it's so useful.
Besides, it's a good deal easier to put on poles.
It can be attached right to the pole or an existing
crossarm with a bracket. With bare wires, we often
had to put up another crossarm and sometimes re-
place the pole with a taller one to accommodate the
new crossarm. Because the candy cane wire helps
us save time and money, we are bringing more
people better service a lot quicker.
As better equipment and better ways of doing
things are created and proven, they are put into
use. In this way telephone service in rural areas
continues to improve and reach more homes.
Page
Wheels that Turn 3
Should We Tax Farm
Gasoline for Highways? 5
hen Farmers Work Together 8
What Are the Road Blocks to
Greater Milk Consumption? 12
Let's Do It Again I5
Broiler Financing Is Different 16
Travel Section 19
Private Money in Farm
Loan Program
THE NATION'S AGRICULTURE. t,ublished month-
Iiy except bl-monthly In July and Augyoat. as aucces-
ofrWe Amer1 ao Tarnr HurriurFMe(atioouhEntered
se ontdiciau miller at the post office at Mount
Ot BSCRIPTION RATES: 161emtxn-25c of the
member's dues 1^ ld as ^ yy r's aubseriptlon to
THE NATIONS AGRICL'ITUREa : Nnn?Membcr. Sur
per yearerspayable In advance: Stn?la copies, Sc:
an Countries
ftuhnerlb vestal., is. .00 C ranadayo.ur. fu Srol?end
cone,
or th e eighth 7 m-
awtal money order. exprepea order, bank drafonet,y os
flstrred letter.
When ordering a Change in address, subseribers
aheut0 give their termer as well a their present
aedrea.
t( pptalble to do a please ell the addrosa label
tram your lot men and and it along with your
new I"Iddr**
I. the Publication ONIce. Mt. Morris,
The Mute of THE NATION'S AGRICULTURE has
been existered in the United States Patent O/ace.
tupyrlgl.t 1955 by the Amcrlral. Farm Bureau Fed.
praline. Ait rights reserved-
THE COVER-Bob Krieger, past president of
the Berrien County Farm Bureau, and his son,
Allan, seated on the tractor. typify the family
operation setup found on many of the farms
of the county. Farm Bureau members of Ber-
rien County have demonstrated how farmers
working together can build a live, active or-
ganization to serve agriculture and the com-
munity.
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 D ICK GOODDING of Ithaca,
Nebraska, pays the federal
government two cents on
every one of the 1200 to 1500
gallons of gasoline he uses each
year on his 160 acre farm. The
two cent federal tax is' used to
finance highway construction.
Like thousands of other farmers
in the same boat, Dick thinks he
ought to get his money back.
Most farmers think gasoline
which is not used on highways
ought not to be taxed for highway
financing.
The justice of this opinion is
recognized by 45 states which
have exempted gasoline for non-
highway uses from the state gaso-
line taxes. Vermont, Utah and
Wyoming are the only states
which do not refund state taxes
on non-highway gasoline.
"As I see it," Dick Goodding
says, "gasoline used on the farm
is a power source. It doesn't seem
logical to me that we should have
to pay a highway use tax, which
the two cent federal gasoline tax
is, for the privilege of using trac-
tors on our own land.
"It rpakes just as much sense
to me to tax the electricity that is
used to run the printing presses
in newspapers or the power
machinery in an automobile fac-
tory and apply the money on roads
and highways."
GASOLINE USED on farms is a power
source. It shouldn't be subject to a high-
way use tax, says Dick Goodding of Nebraska.
JUNE, 1955 5
Approved or a ease
1999/09/24: CIA-RDP83-00423ftOO2000080DO4--,7,
'~:` Tax
Farm Gasoline.
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/24: CIA-RDP83-00423R00
As you buy U. S.-made baler twine this season, you
will be paying about half as much as you did three
years ago. You will be paying about 20 per cent less
for it this year than you paid in 1954. While the price
has been going down, quality has constantly been
improved.
Lower fiber prices plus increased efficiency and --
improved production methods have made these
achievements possible.
You will always get the best that modern manufacturing
skills can produce-top performance, top strength and
top dollar value. Equipment and mills are as modern
as capital expenditures of some $35,000,000 can make
them. Result? You get twine made of genuine
sisalana by the U. S. Cordage Industry for the lowest
possible price consistent with the best possible
performance in the field.
These and other facts and helpful hints are told in a new free booklet. A
full-color motion picture is also available for showings at group meetings
CORDAGE INSTITUTE
350 Madison Avenue, New York 17, N. Y.
ROBERT TROTTER (right) of Missis-
sippi contributes $5 a month during
the lend breaking season in federal
"highway use" taxes on tractor gas.
Mr. Goodding makes a practice
of applying for the Nebraska
gasoline tax refund on the gaso-
line he uses on his farm.
While the federal refund at two
cents a gallon on 1200 to 1500
-gallons wouldn't be a large sum,
it would be enough to make
it worth-while to, apply, Dick
thinks.
"It's a pretty good day when
you can clear $24 to $30 on the
farm," he points out.
Mr. Goodding is 35 years old
and is serving his third term as
president of the Saunders County
Farm Bureau. He is a member of
the board of directors of the
Nebraska Farm Bureau Federa-
tion.
ANOTHER TYPICAL REACTION
comes from Glenn McGrady, pres-
ident of Maryland's Cecil County
Farm Bureau, who operates a 248
acre farm.
"To carry on our farm opera-
tion," Mr. McGrady explains, "we
used, in 1954, in three tractors
approximately 1,500 gallons of
gas.
"We feel that money collected
as taxes on non-highway gasoline
is not used accordingly . . . that
money for highway construc-
tion should be gotten from a
use tax."
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 GLENN McGRADY of Maryland pays the federal tax on 1500 gallons of gasoline
used on his farm each year. He uses three tractors on 248 acres. Like many other
farmers, he feels that farm-used gasoline should not be taxed for highway construction.
CONGRESS has established the
principle that the federal gasoline
tax is to provide revenue to build
highways, and since it is recog-
nized as a "use tax" Farm Bu-
reau considers that it is incon-
sistent to collect the tax on gaso-
line used for non-highway pur-
poses.
The major non-highway use for
gasoline is on farms; where gaso-
line is a ,production supply just
like farm machinery, insecticides,
feed and fertilizer.
SENATOR FRANK CARLSON
(R.) of Kansas, sponsor of one of
four bills recently filed to exempt
non-highway gas from the federal
tax, declared in introducing his
bill that "it would be just as illogi-
cal to tax fertilizer and to use the
tax for building highways as it
would be to tax gasoline used on
the farm for this purpose."
In Senator Carlson's view, "it
is plainly discriminatory to place
on one class of citizens a tax for
building highways that is not
placed on other classes of citizens."
THIS IS also the opinion of
Robert Trotter, president of the
Hinds County Farm Bureau in
Mississippi.
"I look at it two ways," Mr.
Trotter says. "First, as a heavy
user of gasoline on my farm and
inasmuch as farmers' income. is
subject to so many gambles, I need
to hold my production costs down
-including this extra tax on gaso-
line. I am not for discrimination
against the farmer when industry
does not pay such taxes on their
production power."
During the land breaking sea-
son Mr. Trotter figures he pays at
least $5 montfi for U. S. high-
way building when - his tractors
never leave the loamy soils of
northwest Hinds county.
"I realize we must support our
federal government through taxa-
tion from one source or the oth-
er," he says, but he adds that
"Mississippi's ratio of federal
money received to that paid has
diminished greatly in recent years.
"I THINK our federal govern-
ment should extend the same fair
tax policy on gasoline for non-
highway use as our state govern-
ment already does. The state re-
funds us six out of seven cents tax
per gallon."
Senator Carlson's proposal is
that farmers should be allowed to
apply for refunds of the federal
tax on .non-highway gasoline on
the same forms they use to apply
for state refunds. The state agen-
cies administering the program
would act as fiscal agents for the
federal government in this con-
nection.
JUNE, 1955
9066
SIZES
14'/x-24'/2
10
Nam \0
almsl\ _//_ - ~?I\ RIM1011'
'1
9066-Half-Sizers! Wear this as an apron,
sports jerkin, or terry-cloth beachcoat! IVs per-
fectly proportioned for the shorter, fuller figure.
Half Sizes 141/_'--241/2. Size 161A takes 21/s yards
35-inch fabric.
9268-Simplest of lines, smartest of fashions !
Collar is in one with bodice, no side-seams in
skirt. Misses' Sizes 12-20; 40. Size 16 takes 4%
yards 35-inch fabric.
4773-You'll love this slenderizing sheath dress
with the box jacket ! It',s cut to fit the half-size
figure l Half Sizes 141/2-24 %. Size 16112 dress
takes 31/4 yards 35-inch fabric; jacket, 2% yards.
Send THIRTY-FIVE CENTS (in coins) for
EACH pattern to: NATION'S AGRICULTURE,
232, Pattern Department, 243 West 17th Street,
New York 11, New York. Add.FIVE CENTS for
EACH pattern for 1st-class mailing.
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 You can see concrete results ...
OU'VE got to give folks
pyG kk to do if you want to
have a Farm Bureau that's
going places.
At least this is the' opinion of
John Handy, president of the
Berrien County Farm Bureau of
Michigan.
And the formula seems to have
worked for this Farm Bureau.
Its membership now stands at
some 2,553 families. This means
that about 25 of every 33 farmers
in the county are Farm Bureau
members.
But the membership figure isn't
the most important thing. It's the
way members take part in Farm
Bureau affairs.
"You have to make activity to
keep a Farm Bureau alive," says
Mr. Handy. "And to have activity,
it takes young people in the organ-
ization.
"I don't want to take any credit
away from the older folks, but it's
important to get the young farm
boys and girls interested in Farm
Bureau."
And they do just that in Ber-
rien county through the Junior
Farm Bureau. Some 75 per cent
OLIVER RECTOR, insurance director, talks fruit prospects
with Berrien County Farm Bureau President John Handy
of the Board of Directors are for-
mer Junior Farm Bureau mem-
bers.
THE AGRICULTURE of Berrien
county also offers a good chance
for young farmers to get started.
Two-thirds of the farm income
of $18,000,000 annually is from
fruits, vegetables and horticulture
specialties.
And fruit farming is a family-
type operation. There's lots of
work for everybody. During peak
harvest time it is necessary of
course to hire extra labor.
General farming, dairy, live-
stock and poultry account for the
remaining third of the county's
agricultural income.
Berrien is a triangular shaped
county in the southwestern corner
of the state bordering Lake Michi-
gan. It's a beautiful spot to faf'm
and live.
The largest farmers' wholesale
fresh fruit market in the world
opens at Benton Harbor with the
strawberry crop in the spring and
continues through the apple har-
vest in fall.
"Maybe another reason we have
an active Farm Bureau is because
fruit farming is an active busi-
ness," Mr. Handy observed, "It's
constantly changing, and you have
to keep up on things."
MR. HANDY is a good example
of the progressive fruit farmer of
the county.
He has some 200 acres in cher-
ries, peaches, pears, plums, aspar-
agus and strawberries.
He's building his operation for
his three sons, in the event they
decide to farm. His one daughter,
who is valedictorian of her high
school graduating class.
Mr. Handy had another obser-
vation that reveals the prestige of
Farm Bureau in his county.
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 BERRIEN COUNTY is the home of
the largest farmers' wholesale fresh
fruit market located at Benton Harbor.
"You know," he said, "when
someone gets married, the paper
usually mentions their member-
ship in Farm Bureau or Junior
Farm Bureau. It's the same way
when a person dies. The paper
lists his Farm Bureau member-
ship as part of the record of his
accomplishments."
HARRY NYE, a past president
of the Farm Bureau and the first
county president of the Junior
Farm Bureau, offers another idea
about his organization.
"To me Farm Bureau offers a
chance for a person to be what an
American citizen should be. You'll
notice I said 'should be.' None of
us are as good citizens as we
should be.
"It's through Farm Bureau that
we get our information and by
getting together with our neigh-
bors and talking things over, we
are able to make better decisions.
"To me this is the biggest thing
in Farm Bureau. And next to
that I'd list the Junior Farm Bu-
reau. That's where we get our new
supply of leaders.
"We believe in giving the young
farmers responsibility in Farm
Bureau. A county president
doesn't serve more than two three-
year consecutive terms."
Mr. Nye is one of the best
farmers, in the county and he is
developing a farming business
that will' furnish opportunities for
his four sons.
He operates about 300 acres,
half of which is devoted to fruit
and half to grain. He also is feed-
ing about 99 Herefords. Mr. Nye
is vice-president of the National
Peach Council.
WHAT ARE the mechanics of
the Berrien committee setup?
The county board of directors
has 16 standing committees.
Each committee has up to
10 members. Only one per-
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 RUSSELL FILE is one of the pioneer leaden of the Berrien County Farm Bureau.
son serves on two committees.
Miss Barbra Foster, secretary
and manager of the Farm Bureau
office, reports that 475 of the
membership of 2,500 have leader-
ship- responsibilities.
Here's a rundown on them :
12-board of directors
147-standing committees
266-community group officers
50-women's committee
The Berrien board has all the
usual committees to serve the
needs of the membership : build-
ing, women's activities, Junior
Farm Bureau, resolutions and
legislation, community Farm Bu-
reaus, farm supplies, insurance,
etc.
Then there are sub-committees.
The market study committee has
these sub-committees: dairy, fruit,
grain, livestock, poultry, vege-
tables.
The sub-committee for fruits
and vegetables, for example, meet
several times a season with the
Benton Harbor fresh fruit mar-
ket board to suggest improve-
ments in operations.
There are some 15 fruit or
vegetable processing companies
in the county. The committees
meet with them individually to
Bureau Insurance Service, it is
probably the best public relations
project you can find in the coun-
try.
It was built by Farm Bureau
and opened January 8, 1954.
In its first year the building
accommodated 345 meetings of
rural and urban groups with a
total attendance of 1,500 persons.
There's some kind of a meeting
going on every day in the build-
ing. They have family reunions,
wedding receptions, farm groups,
business associations, industrial
schools, and county political con-
ventions there.
The $80,000 structure was built
and equipped by funds raised by
the Junior and Senior Farm
Bureaus.
discuss mutual problems of pro-
duction, deliveries, inspection and
the market.
BOB KRIEGER, another former
county president, believes that
the cooperatives also play a big
part in keeping members active.
There are 12 farm cooperatives
in the county, including the
Berrien Farm Bureau Oil com-
pany.
These cooperatives support a
15-minute radio program at 12:15
noon over WHFB at Benton Har-
bor on Tuesdays and Thursdays.
This radio program has been
carried on for eight years by the
public relations committee of the
Farm Bureau.
AND IF you ever visit Berrien
county, the first thing folks will
boast about is the Youth Memo-
rial Building at Berrien Springs.
Besides serving as an office for
the Farm Bureau and Farm
WOMEN'S COMMITTEE of Berrien
County Farm Bureau sponsors con.
ference of rural and urban women.
THE PROJECT began when the
Junior Farm Bureau visioned a
community center to memorialize
rural youth of Berrien county in
World War II.
The Youth Fair Grounds board
promised a 99 year lease for the
site.
The Junior Farm Bureau had
scrap drives, minstrel shows, food
sales, etc., to raise money for the
building.
They rented acreage to produce
corn and oats. One year the crop
programs earned $3,000.
When the Juniors had raised a
substantial sum, individual mem-
bers of the Farm Bureau loaned
them enough to assure finishing
the building. These individual
loans ranged from $100 to $4,000.
County Agent Harry J. Lurkins
gave the first $100 when the proj-
ect was first talked about.
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 Approved. For Release 1999/09/24 ` CIA-RDP83-00423R002000080004
the community pitched in THE WOMEN'S Committee is
to help. important to the success of Ber-
A sand and gravel company of- rien County Farm Bureau.
fered to excavate for the base- The committee is composed of
ment and foundation footings. A a woman from each Community
monument maker gave the corner Group.
stone. Many women
A door company said the build- committee.
,~&& *would have aluminum doors, Some of the women's year
PY'a~'rdwould give them at cost. around projects are the food
service program of the Youth
"Now that the building is in
operation," says Ray DeWitt, Memorial building, special dinners
County Farm Bureau president open to the public for the purpose
during the construction days, of raising funds, the promotion of
"everyone is willing to have a meetings of rural and urban
hand in retiring the debt." women, and rural health pro-
With the debt for the building grams.
and equipment presently at $40,-
000, the Juniors have agreed to
raise $20,000 through projects.
The senior Farm Bureau has
agreed to help with the other $20,-
000 through community group
projects or other means.
THE HEART of the Farm Bu-
reau is in the community units.
There are presently 37 Com-
munity Farm Bureaus in which
1,564 members meet monthly to
discuss a topic dealing with the
state or national programs of
Farm-Bureau.
They meet to work on com-
munity projects, and for fellow-
ship with their neighbors.
Community group recommenda-
tions on Farm Bureau policy are
sent to the County Farm Bureau
resolutions committee for con-
sideration at the annual meeting
in October.
Berrien Junior Farm Bureau
is in its 19th year as a training
organization for membership and-
leadership in Farm Bureau.
It has a membership of .273
young men and, women whose
average age is in the early
twenties.
When they transfer to senior
Farm Bureau membership, the
Juniors soon become likely choices
for committee appointments and
other responsibilities.
HARRY NYE, former Berrien County
Farm Bureau president, thins peach
blossoms with a fool that,he invented.
JUNE, 1955 11
ANOTHER SERVICE of the Ber-
rien County . Farm Bureau is
found in the report of the Blue
Cross committee.
It reports that all 37 Com-
munity Farm Bureau groups
have a total of 1,190 families en-
rolled for the hospital-medical-
surgical protection offered by
Blue Cross-Blue Shield on the
group plan through Community
Farm Bureaus in Michigan.
There are other. things about
Berrien that make it a closely
knit community. - Most of the
farms are owner-operated and it's
not unusual to find a third gener-
ation farming the family home-
stead.
Russell File, who has been
active in the Farm Bureau for
some 2.1 years, probably sums it
up best when he says, "We didn't
always agree among ourselves on
everything, but once we had de-
cided what was needed, we forgot
our differences and all pitched in
to work together."
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 Grover D. Turnbow, President,
Foremost Dairies, San Francisco,
California
In my estima-
tion, the barriers
are built, to a great
extent, by the
dairy industry it-
self. Consumption
of milk can be increased and the
barriers removed by the develop-
ment of our present markets in
the United States, and also the de-
velopment of the large and exten-
sive markets in foreign countries.
By-products should play an im-
12 ,
portant part in increased con-
sumption in the United States.
One good method of increasing the
consumption is by expanding the
markets for cottage cheese. Today
in California, cottage cheese con-
sumption approaches 8-lbs. per
capita, while in the United States
as a whole, its consumption is less
than 3-lbs. per capita. This, in
part at least, is due to an elaborate
system of dairy inspection which
makes it difficult to ship ingredi-
ents from one part of the United
States to another, so that they can
be used in the making of cottage
cheese and other by-products. This
condition should be remedied.
In many foreign countries to-
day, dairy products are being used
at a very low level. In my recent
visit to the Far East and South
East Asia, I could see where very
large markets could be developed
for American dairy products; if
American industry is properly
supported by our government and
assistance given to a plan for de-
veloping these markets, a great
deal of surplus dairy ingredients
can be disposed of.
The Nation's AGRICULTURE
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/24: CIA-RDP83-00423R002000080004-7
'I keenly feel that the dairy in-
dustry itself should make every
effort to develop both the domes-
tic and foreign markets.
W. E. Winn, President, Pure Milk
Association, Chicago, Illinois
It is charged
RWWOI1al orders
are lowering -con-
-sumption of milk.
This need not be
true. Per capita
use of milk in Chicago has risen
annually since the inception of
Order 41 and is now 1/3 higher
than the 1940 level.
A thorough study of the effect
of federal orders and state con-
trol pricing of milk at farm and
retail levels is very much in order.
To any extent that these controls
are a barrier to efficient distribu-
tion or limit the consumption of
milk, they should be corrected.
Resistance to change is proving
to be a barrier. With today's re-
frigeration in most homes, pur-
chase of milk by-the gallon, two
or three days a week, is a conve-
nience and a saving. In many mar-
kets and in some states, such pur-
chases are either not available or
are actually prohibited by law.
While the national consumption
of fluid milk and cream was re-
duced from 399 pounds per capita
in 1945 to 352 pounds in 1954,
purchases in 'the Chicago market
increased each year. Sales of milk
in half gallons and gallons were
rapidly increasing through this
period. Store discourfts'were gen-
erally available.
For at least the first seven of
these nine years, producer prices
were the highest we ever received,
and wages paid in the industry
mounted steadily. Increased effi-
ciency in merchandising made it
possible to have higher sales,
higher farm prices and higher
wages all at the same time. There
is still ample room for improve-
ment.
Perhaps the
taken over half-of our butter sales
and are driving hard toward the
ice cream and evaporated milk
markets as well. Unless this trend
can be stopped by more truth and
fairness in- advertising, and the
creation of a better understanding
on the part of the consumer of the
value of genuine dairy products
there will be no prosperity in the
great midwest area of manufac-
tured dairy products. -
Dairy Council
Much has. been
written and said
on this subject in
recent months with
particular empha-
sis being given to
marketing obstacles
or another.
I would choose to remain close
to home in any such broad consid-
eration as this - that is, I want
to keep my comments within the
frame of the Dairy Council pro-
gram, as follows: - (1) nutrition
research; (2) consumer educa-
tion; and (3) public relations.
One of the greatest obstacles to
increased consumption of milk is,
of course, lack of understanding
or knowledge about the essential-
ity.of milk and other dairy foods
in the diet. National Dairy Coun-
cil, through its educational and
public relations techniques, has
been "doing battle" against public
indifference to milk for 40 years.
While much has been accom-
plished, still much remains to be
done. An expanded Dairy Council
program on the national level, to-
gether with a growing network of
local Dairy Council programs in
milk markets throughout . the
United States, will mean greatly
stepped-up efforts to disseminate
information about dairy foods.
More - nutrition research, and
more utilization of information
coming from research provides
the best means to remove the wall
most formidable , of ignorance that bars the way to
barrier to sales of dairy products increased consumption of dairy
is - the trend toward substitutes , foods. Sound sales and promotion-
and imitations. Substitutes have al programs should be based on
such facts which only research can
provide.
W. N. Waterstreet, President, The
Borden Company, Chicago Milk
Division
The current and
projected birth
rate and longer
span of life in this
country, - offer
boundless opportu-
nities for increased milk consump-
tion. -
A major restraining "barrier"
to such increased use appears to
be the general lack of more ade-
quate consumer appreceiation of
the outstanding nutritive values
of milk, from youth to old age. -
For babies and younger chil-
dren, it could be said that today
milk is the generally accepted ba-
sic food. But in the- teen-age
bracket, the spread of knowledge
concerning the nutritional merits
of milk must be intensified.
With more adults diet con-
scious, we must "sell" the results
of research which prove that Milk
keeps one fit but does not fatten.
Weight reduction, through diets
with milk, is an accomplished
fact. Research shows that milk
makes you sleep better, eases nerv-
ous tension, ends calcium starva-
tion and builds strength, not fat.
And with the life span increas-
ingly prolonged, and more people
in the older age brackets, we must
have wider understanding of the
fact that continuing scientific
studie? indicate that milk con-
tributes mightily to the health and
happiness of older folks.
Russell - S. ,Waltz, president, Na-
tional Milk, Producers Federation;
General Manager. United Dairy-
men's Association, Seattle, Wash-
ington
There are no se-
rious physical bar-
riers to increased
milk consumption.
It is readily avail-
able in all parts of
the country and it is extraordinar-
ily low priced-both in relatioft to
the price of all food and in rela-
Approved For Release 1999/09/24: CIA-RDP83-00423R002000080004-7
 PTNIOxQFMIEA ELEVATOR has inside width
of 17V2 inches, takes regular or round
bales, or big gulps of grains. Trunk is
box-crimped and bridge-trussed for rigid-
ity. Lengths 26 to 50 ft. Centrally fastened
flights prevent tilting. Choice of tilt
hopper or shovel-type. Power with gaso-
line engine, electric motor or PTO.
Pays for itself
in one or two seasons!
New Idea elevator breaks bottlenecks
caused by inefficient elevating equipment
On many farms expensive machines too
often lie idle in the fields, while inefficient
elevating equipment slows down crop-
handling at loft or crib.
Replace outmoded elevating methods with
a portable, many-purpose New Idea eleva-
tor, and break this harvest-time bottle-
neck. A New Idea will handle round or
square bales, ear corn or small grains and
deposit them in bin or loft as fast as a
man can unload.
In a single harvest season, many farmers
have found, a New Idea elevator will-pay
for itself in saved time and labor alone.
It lifts tons of materials directly and
quickly with very little effort by the op-
erator.-Its life-time, heavy duty construc-
tion is assurance against costly breakdowns
and repairs.
See It at your Now Idea dealer's
Have him demonstrate the New Idea ele-
vator best suited to your farming operatiotn
and your buildings. Ask him for the loca-
tion of nearby farms where you can see
it in action. Our guess is that, once you've
examined a New Idea, you'll never be
satisfied with any other !
. IDEJL
Iftw
FARM EQUIPMENT COMPANY
a1Ylsloa fl1VO olsrnaurlaa coop.
Drpl, 1541, Coldwater, Ohio
Send coupon for free illustrated literature
^ Elevator ^ "Nov Idses for
^ wagon a wages box Handling Nov"
^ Mowers ^ I am a student
^ Side-fake & Tedder ^ I farm . acres
tion to the upward swing of prices
in general.
Thus a quart of milk is 26 per
cent cheaper today in relation to
all food than pre-Pearl Harbor.
An hour's take-home pay will buy
twice as much milk today as 30
years ago.
We do have too many psycho-
logical barriers to increased milk
consumption in the form of arti-
cles or statements to the effect
that it is too expensive, that physi-
cal barriers interfere with its
availability at reasonable prices,
or that dairy products are pricing
themselves out of the market.
As producers, we should do
everything possible to give the
public the true story of the good-
ness of milk, the effectiveness of
our quality supervision, and the
food bargain it affords.
O. H. Hoffman, Jr., General Man-
ager. Inter-State Milk Producers'
Cooperative, Philadelphia, Pa.
In periods of ex-
cessive production,
it seems one of the
inevitable traits o
most of those of us
who are in the milk
industry, and some who are not,
is to start blaming one another for
all of our difficulties, rather than
honestly and quietly examining
real causes of our troubles and
doing what we can about them.-
And so now, at such a time, the
Midwestern dairymen loudly
damn us in the east as the villains
in the piece. We easterners, in
turn, damn -them for trying to
steal our markets. And even
neighboring cooperatives declare
that, but for the ruinous market-
ing systems in next-door sheds,
all would be sweetness and light.
Not to be outdone by all our din.
the dealers stir up their own, and
each crowd yells that, were the
other eliminated and all the milk
moved on the wagon or through
the store, the surplus problem
would be solved.
With all this noisy interfamily
howl, small wonder that, through-
out the land, the professors-in-
milk, each from his own Olympus,
chime in. And finally the farm
journals, our promotional agen-
14
NEW TOWELS-12 for $1.29
FALSE TEETH !
If you have trouble with places
that dip, rock, cause sore gums-
Limit 3 doz. per customer. Please add 21c
per dozen for postage and handling (total
$1.50 each doz.) Send cash, check or money
order (sorry, no C.O.D.'s) to:
GENERAL STORES, Dept. XNA-6
7131 Lexington Ave.,., Cleveland 3. Ohio
EAT ANYTHING WITH
try Brimms Plasti-Liner. One application
makes plates fitrnorgly wit oml powder orparle,
because Brimms Plead -liner hardens perma-
nently to your plate. Relines and refits loose
plates in a way no powder or paste can do.
Even on old rubber plates you get sood results
six months to a year or longer. YOU CAN EAT
ANYTH I N e 1 Simply lay soft strip of PlAsti-
Iiaer on troublesome upper or lower. Bite
and it molds perfectly. Easy to we, tasteless,
odorless, harmless to you and your plates.
Assorted colors.
Quantity purchase
of slightly irregu-
-you've got to see
to believe. Money
back guarantee.
ORDER NOW!
!Yr Fue can and trucks. Front
lam and o.. Glvea 2000, lb..
city for .11 t... k".
soon L9. ittZ[ 1000 lb.. extra for all ear..
?11.99 E-Ilr In.Giled. Guar,ntetd.
State make. mode,. Denies wanted.
URINKMAN MANUFACTURING CO.
231S Clay Dept. 21-E. Tep=ka, Kan.
RATS kill Is z1ft
VMori"
ull"
nsuER
If you are on the Kitchen Committee of some
Cllurtb. 1;,orIpt Club. School. etc., In your town
you will be ntereated in this modern Folding
Banquet Table. Write for Catalog and special
discounts to Institutions and organizations.
cies and even some of our dignified
national farm organizations
spread forth their views of what
is wrong with milk.
And now, inevitably, there is a
story spread across the country, in
one of the national weeklies, that
will do more to injure sales than
all of us can repair with all of our
promotional work, in months.
To my way of thinking, there is
no greater barrier to increased
consumption than the noise of our
own in-the-family rows.
The Nation's AGRICULTURE
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 PYRjroved For Release 1999/09/24: CIA-RDP83-00423R002000080004-7;
LET'S DO, IT AGAIN
DAIRY farmers faced a seri-
ous problem a year ago.
Production was outrun-
ning consumption and govern-
ment-held stocks of dairy products
were piling up.
The picture is brighter today.
Per capita consumption of fluid
milk, butter and cheese increased
in 1954 over 1953. Milk produc-
tion in March was lower than a
year earlier for the fourth con-
secutive month.
Production seems to be level-
ing off, and surpluses have al-
ready been reduced substantially.
A leveling off of.. production
together with a substantial in-
crease in consumption is all the
dairy industry needs to get out
of the woods.
Acting on this conviction, the
Board of Directors of the Amer-
ican 'arm Bureau Federation has
authorized a continuation of the
dairy sales promotional activities
inaugurated with the national
Farm Bureau contest last year.
This year Farm Bureau mem-
bers. Will be encouraged to con-
tinue their dairy sales promotional
activities through a new contest
which is somewhat different from
the one held last year.
The 1955 program will take
the form of recognition of the
activities of every state which
develops and carries out substan-
tial, effective and widespread
sales promotional projects.'
Materials and techniques suc-
cessfully used by last year's' win-
ning states will be made available
to all state. Farm Bureaus, and
all will have an equal opportunity
to. show what farmers and their
families can do to step up con-
sumption of milk and dairy prod-
ucts.
Today's situation is a challenge.
There is ample evidence that the
suggestions contained in AFBF's
national program for the dairy
industry are obtaining results.
Last year's Farm Bureau dairy
promotion program was some-
thing of an experiment. Today
we know we have a successful
approach.
JUNE, 1955
Sl~lled Hands
at
Many hands, skilled in special
fields, work with your American
Dairy Association toward a
common goal: increased use of
dairy products. Skilled re-
searchers learn what people
think about your products.
Skilled advertising craftsmen
create selling appeals that send
housewives shopping for your
products. Skilled merchandis-
ing men work for better store
displays and sales of your prod-
1. RESEARCH-Here is a housewife being
asked about her buying habits and uses
for dairy foods. The skilled interviewer is
from a research organization employed by
American Dairy Association. Digging out the
reasons people buy and use dairy foods is
the first step in developing persuasive selling
messages for radio,TV and print advertising.
3. ADVERTISING-Walt Disney's skilled
hands produce the Disneyland TV show, one
of the "top tan" TV programs in the nation.
This adds real power to American Dairy
Association's well balanced sales program.
Through Disneyland, tested sales messages
on milk and other dairy products reach
40,000,000 people weekly ... at a cost
of 1/10 cent per person reached.
The Dairy Farmers' Own
AMERICAN DAIRY ASSOCIATION
sells more dairy foods to more Americans
20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago 6, Illinois
dairy farmers of America
ucts. Skilled public relations
people build a continuingly
favorable attitude and interest
in your. products.
Through the American
Dairy Association program,
supported by dairy farmers
who.invest 2l per hundred-
weight of milk or %? per pound
of butterfat marketed, this
total sales effort designed to
sell more dairy foods to more
Americans is moving ahead.
2. MERCHANDISING-Good merchan.
dising brings the product and the customer
together at the point of sale. Hands skilled
in retail selling are developing new ways
to move more dairy foods out of the dairy
case into the family kitchen. This has made
your grocer's dairy department space the
most profitable in his store.
4. PUBLIC RELATIONS-Milk was spot-
lighted on every TV and radio network and
in practically all newspapers as a result of
Eleanor Malay's flight to Paris to present a
gift of milk to Premier Mendes-France.
Creating a continuing public interest In
dairy foods and dairying-America's most
progressive industry-is a job being done
by skilled public relations people.
You never
outgrow'
your need
for milk
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 FEED dealers financed ninety
per cent of the broijer pro-
duction'in this country last
year.
Why, you may ask, didn't com-
mercial banks, government credit
agencies and other financial insti-
tutions lend money to broiler pro-
ducers just as they did to other
farmers?
This is a long story that begins
with the interesting fact that
broiler credit is different.
In what way is it different?
A rural banker in the heart of a
highly specialized broiler area in
the South puts it this way :
"Broiler credit is an odd kind
of an animal. There is nothing
like it. Poultry collateral is not
as good as dairy or cattle collateral
16 ~ The Nation's AGRICULTURE
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/24: CIA-RDP83-00423R002000080004-7
~ction involves some special and unique credit problems
since an entire flock may be wiped
out'.by disease which rarely hap-
pens with other types of livestock.
"Poultry equipment deterio-
rates fast. Most poultry farms
have a high proportion of invest-
ment in buildings. Then, too, it is
hard to sell a poultry farm to
someone who wants to use it for
other purposes.
"Risks are great. Disease, small
profits per unit, violent price
fluctuations and the highly com-
petitive nature of the business all
make broiler financing hazardous.
"Most broiler credit is of very
short duration. You know it takes
less than ninety days from start
to finish to feed out a lot of
broilers.
"At the usual rates of interest
and handling charges, banks do
not make enough to cover the cost
of investigating the borrower,
processing the loan and providing
the kind of supervision supplied
by feed dealers."
SOME COMMERCIAL banks
lend money to experienced broiler
producers who have good collat-
eral, but most of them prefer to
lend to feed dealers and others
who, in turn, finance individual
grower operations.
Government credit agencies en-
counter the same difficulties in
making broiler loans that have
been outlined by our banker
friend from the South.
Feed dealers, hatcherymen and
poultry processors discovered very
early in the history of the broiler
industry that they would have to
furnish credit and assume a part
of the risk of production if they
were to be successful in encourag-
ing farmers to grow broilers in
large numbers.
Since this was one way to in-
crease feed and chick sales and to
enlarge the volume of business in
processing plants, it was not long
until large amounts of dealer
credit began to flow into this new
fast-growing industry.
THERE ARE many systems of
financing broiler production but
nearly all of them involve a con-
tract, either oral or written, be-
tween the producer and the fi-
nancing agency.
A quick look at a ' few of the
many contract forms in general
use may help us to understand
some ' of the problems that arise
out of this novel method of ex-
tending credit and sharing risks.
In most contracts, the dealer
furnishes feed, chicks, medicine
and supplies. The grower fur-
nishes labor, houses, equipment,
fuel and litter. The dealer often
has title to the broilers and the
grower cannot sell or otherwise'
dispose of them without the con-
sent of the dealer. The responsi-
bility for marketing is" usually in
the hands of the dealer.
The open account method de-
scribes itself. Here, the producer
furnishes feed, chicks and often
supplies'on credit. When the broil-
ers are sold, the dealer deducts
the outstanding credit and the
grower receives the remainder. If
there is a deficit, the dealer carries
it on his books until paid or writ-
ten off.
Under the flat fee plan, the pro-
ducer is paid a certain amount per
bird or per pound of broiler sold.
The dealer absorbs all losses, and
either retains all profits remain-
ing after the grower has been
paid, or splits the remainder in
some manner with the grower.
The share plan usually provides
that the producer receives seven-
ty-five to ninety per cent of the
amount remaining after all items
supplied by the dealer are paid
for. The dealer is usually responsi-
ble for all losses, although in some
cases, losses may be divided.
The feed conversion contract
has been developed to provide an
incentive for the grower to do a
good job of managing production.
It is designed to benefit those who
keep mortality low and, feed effi-
ciency high throughout the grow-
ing period.
ALL OF THESE contract forms
have their advantages and dis fld-
vantages 'but a big question, in the
minds of many poultrymen con-
cerns the whole general pattern
of dealer financing. Is it good? Is
it bad? Can it be improved?
The Poultry Advisory Commit-
tee of the American Farm Bureau
Federation raised these questions
at the September meeting last
year and recommended to 'the
American Farm Bureau Federa-
tion Board that a study of poultry
producer' financing contracts be
made. I .
In making this study, we dis-
covered good and bad features in
the present system.
On the plus side, it is agreed
that the industry could not have
grown very fast without it. It has
helped the industry grow from 43
million birds in 1935 to over a bil-
lion last year.
True, there were many other
factors involved. Improved feed-
ing efficiency, better marketing
and shortages and high prices of
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 CPYRGHTApproved For Release 1999/09/24: CIA-RDP83-00423R002000080004-7
red meats during the war were
all important.
But in the final analysis, it ap-
pears that dealer financing played
a major role in the phenomenal
expansion which has taken place
in the last twenty years.
Some results have been unfa-
vorable.
Over-expansion has been en-
couraged by many contracts which
guaranteed producers against cash
losses.
Many contracts have encour-
aged wasteful production prac-
tices and discouraged quality mar-
ketings. Others have added to the
cost of broiler production through
high mark-ups for chicks, feed
and other items supplied.
Financing, too, has, resulted in
less flexibility in production.
'At one time, teachers of agri-
cultural economics used the broil-
er industry as a classical example
of *one that adjusted production
to market demands very quickly.
Today, financing has become what
some call the "built in feature" of
the industry. Emphasis is on con-
tinuous mass production in order
to keep a fairly constant volume of
chick and feed sales and a continu-
ous supply of broilers for process-
ing.
Since many contracts guarantee
a producer against loss, he is in-
clined to continue producing as
long as his financiers are willing
to furnish the feed and the chicks.
Many of those engaged in financ-
ing broiler operations prefer to
continue producing in -order to
average prices for the year. They
don't try to predict and make
changes accordingly.
SINCE BROILER PRODUCTION
involves a great deal of risk and
a large amount of capital, it ap-
pears that considerable financing
is going to continue to be neces-
sary in *the future. A considera-
tion of the following points may
help to avoid some of the many
mistakes made in broiler financing
in the past.
1. Emphasize cash plans first.
The efficient producer should try
to operate on a cash basis, or use
his collateral to borrow from the
bank at 6 per cent. A number of
studies showed that cash pro-
ducers paid from 1/2 to 2 cents
less per chick and $1.00 to $3.00
less per ton of feed than those who
used other plans.
Little savings, during these
times of close margins, can be the
difference between profit and loss.
Remember, a difference of 10
cents in the price charged for a
bag of feed usually means about
three-tenths of a cent a pound in
the cost of production, or about
$25 on a brood of 3,000 broilers.
Cash producers usually make
more money than those using oth-
er plans, especially when their
efficiency is high and the market
is good.
Everyone is in the business to
make money. If a grower can
make it for someone else, he can
make it for himself.
2. Use more bank credit. J. D.
Sykes, vice-president of Ralston
Purina Company, writes in the
"Broiler World", May, 1954, "An
arrangement which involves pro-
ducer, feed dealer and banker is
proving most desirable."
If growers are to assume all the
risk, can they get all the credit
that is needed?
Since banks and Production
Credit Associations probably will
continue to finance relatively few
growers, as their loans must be
confined to those not only able to
absorb, but willing to assume the
losses that often result from broil-
er operations, it is necessary to
look beyond these sources of
credit.
3. One feed official stated it
pointedly when he said, "If we are
going to be bankers, we had better
start acting like bankers."
The suppliers need a practical
code of ethics and then they need
to follow it religiously.
The feed industry must decide
to sell feed instead of loose credit.
The success of this voluntary edu-
cational program will depend
upon what top management de-
cides.
4. When financing is necessary,
provide arrangements which give
incentives to growers to improve
their efficiency by stressing the
level of mortality, daily rate of
gain, feed-conversion and quality
of birds produced.
5. Improve market information
and encourage producers, suppli-
ers and others to use this informa-
tion in making their production
and marketing plans.
6. Encourage the preparation
of different contract forms that
producers can use with confidence.
This could be a joint project of the
farm management and poultry
people in the Land Grant Colleges.
INCREASING POPULATION,
improved feeds, better manage-
ment and more efficient marketing
and distribution all favor the fu-
ture growth of the poultry indus-
try.
These favorable factors could
easily be-overcome by a continua-
tion of unsound financing in the
broiler and turkey industries and
by a further extension of these un-
desirable method8 to egg produc-
tion enterprises.
There is a future but it must be
more orderly. It must be based on
sound financing, careful planning
and balancing of supply and de-
mand through prices in the mar-
ket place.
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/24: CIA-RDP83-00423R002000080004-7
THE st6ry of the Nile is a
fabulous fairy tale about a
silver ribbon which ran
the desert turning it into
shed evergreen valley.
For more than sixty centuries,
the Nile has been the "river of
life" for Egypt's farms. It has
watered the and desert lands to
produce wheat, corn, rice, fruits
and vegetables and today's largest
cash crop, cotton.
Now, seventy-five per cent of
the people derive their living from
farming, which requires_ space.
Yet there are only 6,000,000 acres
under cultivation, because Egyp-
tian lands - are fertile only 'a few
miles on either side of her "great-
est -gift," the Nile, and in the
Delta at the mouth of the river.
Annually, the Nile leaves its
banks and spreads. its life giving
waters over the land.
The overflowing marks the be-
ginning of the Festival of the
Flood of the Nile. As part of this -
celebration the farmers sym-
bolically offer their loveliest
maiden as a token tribute sacrifice
to the river.
The two other main Festivals
are the May Wheat and Corn Har-
vest Festival and the late August
or early September Cotton Har-
vest Festival, which coincides
with the Nile celebration.
THE EARLY history of Egyptian
farming is inscribed on the walls
of the pyramids, tombs and tem-
ples as it existed, from about
3,500 years before Christ.
These inscriptions describe
crops, agricultural implements,
the animals used for power and
give advice regarding crop rota-
tion, seasons of planting and har-.
vesting and irrigation methods:
TTntil rpepnt vea.ra the Th vt tia.n
area is either uninhabitable, or
thus far unreclaimed desert.
This has meant that the na-
tion's 22,000,000 people have been
crowded into 13,500 square miles
or about the same size as the com-.
bined areas of the states of Mas-
sachusetts and Connecticut.
THE DISTRIBUTION of this lim-
ited acreage has been fantastic-
ally out of balance because of the
archaic feudalistic system which
has prevailed for so many thou-
sands of years.
Even in 1952, 70 per cent of the
2,600,000 land owners or 1,800,000
land owners, held an average of
less than one half acre each, com-
pared with an average of 65 acres
in the United States. It was ob-
viously impossible for these im-
poverished farmers to improve
their status.
. In September, 1952, an agrarian
reform law was passed to adjust
the distribution of land.
The law provided that no land
owner may own more than 200
acres of land for farming pur-
poses and that every land holder
must directly farm the land him-
self or rent it to a tenant farmer
under conditions stipulated in the
law which provides for a fair
formula.
Minimum wage scales were es-
tablished for agricultural workers
and cooperatives were encour-
aged. The government did not
confiscate the land but purchased
it at fair rates from those who
held the huge acreages. In time
this new policy should produce a
more stable situation and greatly
increase production.
farmers' lives -lve altered liar; any Uri,
rv agr.
,voted
1 la
an
s land
ment of animal raising by small
holders.
For the individual farming fam-
ily the government is assisting in
the settlement of these new de-
velopment projects and encourag-
ing new methods through agricul-
tural education.
In the last few years, what his-
torians some day may call the
modern awakening of Egypt has
begun, and this has brought new
hope to the farmer.
Approved For Release 1999/09/24: CIA-RDP83-00423R002000080004-7
1tural policies
n expansion
heat, corn,
orestation
bating of
 Approved For Release 1999/09/24: CIA-RDP83-00423R002000080004-?
By Jack Wiersina
N OW is the time that many
of you are considering your
winter vacation plans.
Some of you probably are plan-
ning a visit to the Mediterranean
area including the
'Holy Land.
The traditional
means of travel
has been aboard
one of the many
cruise ships that
each winter sea-
son ply from one
sunny port to another. These ships
are generally very comfortable,
the food is excellent and usual-
ly one finds quite a congenial
group aboard.
Often however, the traveler re-
turns feeling vaguely disturbed
by the question, "What have I
seen .... ?" Certainly, plenty of
the blue Mediterranean for he has
sailed by a great number of islands
and visited the ports of many
countries, but is this enough?
For this traveler and all those
under 80 who grow restless with
shuffleboard, deck tennis and be-
ing tucked in a deck-chair for days
on end, the air cruise has opened
up a new concept in Mediterrane-
an travel. There are two basic
types.
First of all the air cruise, which
in my opinion is the most compre-
hensive. A typical itinerary would
start in New York and proceed
through Rome, Cairo, Beirut, Da-
mascus, Jerusalem, Tel Aviv,
Nazareth, Haifa, Istanbul and
Athens, with a possible extension
to Paris or London before return-
ing to New York.
The second type is the combina-
tion air-sea cruise which involves
air travel to and from a Mediter-
ranean port and then round the
Mediterranean by ship. This air-
sea cruise combination at least
avoids the many extra days of
cruising across the Atlantic which
in the winter season can be un-
pleasant, as well as rather dull
when you consider the total
Jack Wiersma
American Farmers Tours
Room 2300 Merchandise Mart
Chicago 54, Illinois
number of days spent at sea.
The highlights of a typical Medi-
terranean air cruise begin with
the traveler's arrival in Rome, in
ancient days the capital of the
Mediterranean. Roman legions
have occupied and governed al-
most every country which you will
visit throughout the rest of the
itinerary and in a sense Rome is
still the "gateway" to the Medi-
terranean.
Then on to sunny Cairo, capi-
tal of Egypt, where ample time
should' be provided for visits to
Please rush itinerary and full details on the
FARMERS EUROPEAN TOURS.
I/We are considering the departure on:
^ August 27 ^ September 10
^ September 24 ^ October 8
Instead/also rush tl+e following information on:
Departing:
^ Mediterranean Air Cruise ^ October 20
^ December 10
^ Mediterranean Air-Sea Cruise ^ March II
Instead/also rush the following information:
1r_ :4L* th U'tdStt t
urs wi n e ni e a es o .._.......
^ Hawaii ^ Alaska ^ Mexico ^ Canada
We would leave about ........... ......... . We would return about ............ ------ ___
Name _-------- .... ...... -------- --..
Address
Our friends are also inferested in travel:
I Address ._... ......... _ _--.. --------------- Address ................. .................. ..... -......
..
L---------------------------------~
The Nation's AGRICULTURE
Approved For Release 1999/09/24: CIA-RDP83-00423R002000080004-7
 the archeological treasure-houses
of this modern city ; Giza and the
pyramid tombs of the great kings
can be seen, with time to wander
at leisure through the oriental ba-
zaars, swim at the Gezira Sport-
ing Club and take afternoon tea at
Gro pi's.
PY iH tiro another flight will
speed you to the bustling city of
Beirut in the Lebanon. Inland
from here Baalbek ("City of the
Sun") is but a short drive.
Through the fragrant cedars of
Lebanon into Syria, the traveler
.drives to the desert city of Da-
mascus, said to be the oldest liv-
ing city in the world.
Your best guide-book is the Bi
ble, which mentions many of the
prominent places which you will
see in this area. The traveler will
visit in Damascus the "Street
Called Straight," to which the
Apostle Paul was sent after his
conversion on the Damascus Road
(Acts 9: 11).
On the drive from Damascus to
Jerusalem, the traveler will pass
Mount Hermon, believed by many
Bible scholars to be the scene of
the Transfiguration of Christ
(Matthew 17), through Bashan,
the land of King Og of the. Bible
(Numbers 21:33), and then Jeru-
salem with the Mount of Olives,
the Garden of Gethsemane, the
Way of the Cross, the Pool of
Bethesda, the Church of the Holy
Sepulchre,' the surroundings of
the Temple Area where Solomon's
Temple stood 3,000 years ago and
the Jewish Wailing Wall.
Nearby, a high point for the:
traveler is Bethlehem and the -
Qhurch of the Nativity, the oldest
Christian church in the world.
From the Holy'Land the travel-
er will fly to Istanbul on the
waters of the Bosphorus.
Relics of another civilization
are, but hours away. Athens,
reached after a short flight over
-the jewel-like isles of Greece, is
the gateway to another era. Rising
over modern Athens stands the
Acropolis, mute testimonial to the
grandeur of Greece's Golden
Years.
Exclusively for farmers; . .
Tour Europe the Sabena Way
TAKE AN AMERICAN
FARMERS' TOUR of Europe
... and you are taking a tour
planned by farmers for farmers,
in the company of other progres-
sive American farmers and their
families.
Sabena Belgian World Airlines
will fly you overseas in spacious
American-built Super DC-6's ?.. .
and show you interesting sights in
eleven European countries. You
will visit outstanding farms and
wonderful cities . . . the famous
Agricultural Fair at Lausanne,
Switzerland . . . the fascinating
SABENA
cheese market in Amster4am ...
the Horticultural School in Ver-
sailles. In thirty-three days of
touring,; you will see England,
France, Italy, Belgium, Switzer-
land, Germany, Austria, Holland,
Liechtenstein, Monaco and Lux-
embourg. Start on any of 4 dates
after the harvest season.
Sabena's fine reputation for
speed and dependability has been
developed in thirty-two years of
service... You will enjoy Conti-
nental courtesy, world-famous
Belgian cuisine aloft.
IRK
NEW YORK ? PHILADELPHIA ? CHICAGO
WASHINGTON ? SAN FRANCISCO ? DETROIT
LOS ANGELES CLEVELAND ? DALLAS
MIAMI ? ATLANTA
BELGIAN WORLD AIRLINES
SABENA BELGIAN WORLD AIRLINES
18 S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago 3, Illinois, RA-6-7072
Send me information on the American Farmers' Tour to start -
Address .... .........................................i ......................... I
City ................................................State....................... NA-6
Approved For Release 1999/09/24: CIA-RDP83-00423R002000080004-7
 THE use of private money in
place of public funds is rap-
idly expanding in the agri-
cultural lending programs that
are under the direction of the
Farmers Home Administration.
Nearly all of the soil and water
conservation loans and more than
half of the farm ownership loans
are being made from funds ad-
vanced by banks, insurance com-
panies and other private lenders.
Repayment of these loans is guar-
anteed by the government.
The scope of the insured loan
program was greatly enlarged last
September when the new soil and
water conservatidn loan program
was launched. Insured loans closed
since that time plus those now be-
ing processed total $34,473,000.
Previous to this year the high-
est volume of lending under the
insuredfarm loan program was in
fiscal 1951 when loans totaling
$17,596,000 were insured during
the entire fiscal year.
AMPLE FUNDS are available to
handle the estimated require-
ments for the next few months. In
the past 7 months 'pore than 260
private lenders have committed
approximately $72,000,000 to the
Farmers Home Administration
for use in the insured loan pro-
This increased participation by
private lenders in the agricultural
credit field is a move strongly
supported by the American Farm
Bureau Federation.
An expanded insured loan pro-
gram serves the credit needs of a
larger group of farmers. In addi-
tion, every dollar of private funds
that is advanced lessens the need
for borrowing from the U. S.
Treasury.
Two types of loans are made
water conservation and farm
ownership.
SOIL AND WATER conservation
loans may be used for the con-
struction and repair of terraces,
dikes, ponds, tanks, cisterns, wells,
pipelines, pumping and irrigation
equipment, ditches and canals for
irrigation and drainage, erosion
Approved For Release 1999/09/24: CIA-RDP83-00423R002000080004-7
control structures, brush removal,
establishment or improvement of
permanent pasture.
The loans may be made to in-
dividuals or associations. The
limit on individual loans is $25,-
000, on association loans, $250,-
000. Individuals loans to date av-
erage $5,400.
The loans are repayable over a
number of years. The lender re-
ceives 31/2 per cent interest and
the borrower pays an additional
1 per cent to the government as
an insurance charge. .
FARM ' OWNERSHIP loans are
used to develop or enlarge small
farms into economic units and to
finance, on family-type farms, the
construction and repair of farm
houses and other essential farm
buildings.
These loans are also used by
tenants to purchase farms of their
own. Loans of this type are repay-
able over periods up to 40 years.
An insured farm ownership
loan cannot exceed 90 per cent of
the fair and reasonable value of
the farm. Nor can the loan exceed
the average value of the family-
type farms in the county.
The interest rate and insurance
charge is the same as for soil and
water conservation loans.
INSURED LOANS, like direct
loans, are made and serviced
through the network of 1,500
county offices of the Farmers
Home Administration that serve
the agricultural areas in the con-
tinental United States, Alaska,
Hawaii, Puerto Rico and the Vir-
gin Islands.
Like all loans made by the
agency, insured loans are made
only to farmers and ranchers who
are unable to obtain adequate
credit from other sources.
As soon as a borrower reaches
a point where he can qualify for a
regular private credit, he is re-
quired to refinance his insured
loan.
The county committees of the
Farmers Home Administration
pass on all applicants for loans.
Only established farmers and
ranchers are eligible for Farmers
 Approved Foj Release 1999/09/24: CIA-RDP83-00423R002000080004-7
Home Administration credit.
However, young veterans who
want to get started in farming on
their own and who have adequate
training and experience may qual-
RGHT
Loans are available only for the
improvement, operation and pur-
chase of farms that have adequate
land resources to enable the farm
family to pay its debts and have a_
reasonably good standard of liv-,
ing.
To the extent necessary techni-
cal assistance in developing effi-
cient farming methods accom-
panies the loans.
IN ADDITION to the insured
loans, a number of other credit
services are available from the.
Farmers Home Administration.
Production and subsistence
loans are made for the purchase,
of equipment and basic livestock
and for fertilizer, feed, seed and
other farm operating expenses.
EMERGENCY LOANS are also
made by the Farmers Home Ad-
ministration.
These loans are made in desig-
nated areas when drouth, freezing
onditjons or some other natural
isaster, or local economic condi-
ions, have brought about a need
or special credit.
In the same general category
s: the emergency .loans are the
pecial livestock loans which for
he past two years have enabled
attlemen to buy feed and pay
ther expenses of maintaining
ormal operations.
At the present time emergency
ans are available in 1,500 coun-
es in 35 States. The livestock
1 ans are available throughout
the nation.
The most recent example of the
se of emergency loans followed
e frost damage to orchards and
crops in the Southern States dur-
ing the last few days in March.
Hundreds of farmers who lost
everything they had planted plus
1 ost of their fruit, used emergen-
c loans to replant crops and re-
s me operations.
Association of
American Railroads
Transportation Building
Washington 6, D. C.
National Farm Safety Week
is July 24-30.
"Your Safety is in Your Hands."
The Secret
of Uncle Sam's
Expand-able
Arteries
The larger part, by far, of the great
lifestream of goods that helps keep you
and your country strong and vigorous
flows through the nation.4 vital arteries
of transportation - the railroads. And
this is done with unique economy in
manpower, fuel, and other materials.
Perhaps the most remarkable charac-
teristic of these rail arteries is their in-
herent ability to expand their capacity
more readily and with greater economy
than any other form of transportation -
particularly in times of national emer-
gency. The secret, of course, lies in
putting more tons in the cars and more
cars in the trains.
But if the nation is to have the full
benefit of these advantages, the rail-
roads should have greater freedom to
adjust their rates and services promptly
- greater freedom to compete with
other forms of transportation on an
equal basis.
Approved For Release 1999/09/24: CIA-RDP83-00423R002000080004-7
 proved For Release 1999/09/24: CIA-RDP83-00423R002000080004-7
NEW I Power Adjusted
Rear Wheels
NEWI High Crop
Clearance, with Safety
MEWL Tailored Traction
with exclusive
Vari-Weight System
Both 2- and 4-Row
Planting and
Cultivating Equipment
1*New
1Tricycles
-&4*~ FORDS
You have perhaps wondered what
would happen if Ford engineering
skill and long experience went all out
to build really new, really better tri-
cycle tractors. Now you can find out!
Here, for the first time, are tricycle
tractors built by Ford... in two power
series. Both fitted for 4-row and 2-row
front-mounted cultivators and plant-
ers and for 1-row and 2-row mounted
corn pickers and harvesters. One
series with full 3-plow power. the
other with full 2-plow power.
A .new combination of high crop
clearance and low driver seat makes
these tractors the safest as well as
the easiest handling tricycles you
ever saw. There's an ingenious Vari-
Weight System of wheel and front-
end weights available to give you
true "Tailored Traction."
Enough other great features to fill
a book! And this book is waiting for
you at your nearby Ford Tractor
and Implement Dealer's. Drop in,
ask for it and have a good look at
Ford's new Tricycle Tractors soon.
TRACTOR AND IMPLEMENT DIVISION
FORD MOTOR COMPANY
Birmingham, Michigan
Approved For Release 1999/09/24: CIA-RDP83-00423R002000080004-7