(UNTITLED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00423R000401000003-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 25, 1999
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: May 22, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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HISTORICAL: - Modern medicine was introduced into China in the period
1860-70 by the Christian missions. Government activities in the medical
field date from 1911.
Political organization consisted of the Executive, Legislative, and
Judicial Yuan. The governmental health organization was known as the
Ministry of Health from 1927-30; the National Health Administration from
1930-46 and again as the Ministry of Health from 1946. Its concern is
with public health activities. The present Minister of Health in
Communist China is Mrs. (fnu) Feng whose background is that of a social
welfare worker.
Public Health Personnel Training Unit was instituted in 1935 to
train health offices, public health nurses, midwives, sanitary engineers,
sanitary inspectors.
Also in 1935 the Central Field Health Station was instituted with
the help of the'Health Section, League of Nations. This was a governmental
.establishment providing training in Public Health Administration,
Epidemiology, and Biostatics. This institution was combined with the
National Institute of Health in Chungking. The NIH moved to Nanking in
1946. In 1949, one third of the personnel of the NIH moved to Formosa;
the other two thirds remained on the mainland. Nutrition and Entomology
were the main interests at NIH.
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The Academia Sinica was a semiautonomous scientific research or-
ganization which received its finances from the government. It was
strongest prior to 1937 and recovered little post war primarily as a
result of insufficient funds.
EDUCATION
Between 1942-47 there were 27 medical schools in China. PUMC was
outstanding. Four or five, listed below, were fair to good - comparable
to a low A U.S. rating. These were:
National Central - Nanking
Changsha - Yale in China
Cheeloo - Tsinan
West China - Chungtu
St. Johnts University - Shanghai
INCOME - Medical Schools operated on a budget of $30,000 - 50,000 US
per year. PUMC, by exception, operated on $600,000 - 500,000 US per
The 1945 expansion of medical schools to 45 was an over-extension
since there were never enough qualified teachers to staff the 27 schools
previously existent.
Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) was established in 1920 as a
completely modern school by Western standards. The first graduates were
in 1924-5 and about 25-30 graduates per year were produced by this
school.
PUMC reopened in 1947. Its records and library were intact and
this contributed to its capability for speedy recovery.
PUMC course consisted of 3 years pre medical and 4 years of
medical classes.
C. M. Li is the present head of PUMC with title of director. He
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He was dean of Kweiyang Medical School until 1946; is a general
medical man, and a graduate of the University of Edinburgh.
PUMC had qualified men in following departments:
Biochemistry - Wu Hsien
Physiology - K. S. Lin
Pharmacology
Bacteriology - F. F. Tang
Immunology
Virusology - C. H. Yen
Yen went to Formosa with the Nationalist government in late 1949.
INDUSTRY AND EQUIPMENT.
A pyrogen free water plant was established in Chungking prior to
World War II. It came under jurisdiction of the Army Medical Service
during the War, then was moved to the National Defense Medical Center
in Shanghai post war, and eventually to Formosa.
Source doubts ability of Chinese'to produce optical goods. They are
able to produce ordinary chyinograples and orthopedic posthesis, and have
a particular knack of glass blowing which gives them the capability of
producing research apparatus amenable to this method.
Dr. John Scudder of Columbia's Presbyterian Hospital in New York
City endeavored to set up a blood bank in China, but the Oriental mind
rebels at this concept of transfusion.
PHARMACEUTICALS
Bulk of medicine used in China is imported from French, American,
German, and English sources. There is little of value in indigenous
drugs. Herbs have historically been widely used in the interior of China.
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The Chinese are capable of producing drugs when raw materials are
available. They are particularly adept in production of antipyretics,
carth$tics, and opium derivatives. Sulfas have been readily available
on an import basis. They have been used as an anti-inflationary hedge.
There was no governmental stockpile program.
HONG KONG
The Hong Kong University Medical School accomplishes research in its
departments. Most prominent are the studies on beri beri. H. K. Univ.
notably produces physicians interested in lucrative practice rather than
in research per se.
MACAO
There is no research nor research facilities in Macao.
FORMOSA
3-4000 physicians were trained by the Japanese at Taiwan University
in Taipeh between 1890-1905. The quality of this education was inferior
by Western standards.
The general impression of source is that the Chinese are innately
unable to achieve prominence in medical research because of lack of
sufficiently high level of education and training in the country.
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