A GUIDE TO NEW CHINA 1953

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 135
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Sequence Number: 3
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

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A GUIDE
NE W CHINA
1953
Foreign Languages Press
Peking
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First Edition .............. June 1950
Second Edition ........... March 1952
Third Edition ..............May 1953
Second Printing ....... August 1953
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NATIONAL EMBLEM
OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
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KIr
NATIONAL FLAG
OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
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The five standard sizes of the flag are: 288
by 192 cros; 240 by 160 ems; 192 by 128 ems; 144
by 96 ems; 96 by 64 ems.
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NATIONAL ANTHEM OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(March of the Volunteers)
A A 0 *iL
tsui hou to hou
)t ff ? 0 it
wei hsien to shih
47 !
jen men!
4 Im A, it
mei ke jen pei
hsin,
Ai A 0
ti jen to
siL ):
p'an huo
ch'ien chin!
AT it ! A ifi ! 5 it ! i !
ch'ien chin! ch'ien chin! ch'ien chin! chin!
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St A. 6')
ti jen to
P-0 the fa ch'u
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ENGLISH VERSION OF THE
NATIONAL ANTHEM
(Free Translation)
Arise, all ye who refuse to be slaves!
With our flesh and blood,
Let us build our new Great Wall.
The Chinese nation faces its greatest danger,
From each one the urgent call for action comes forth:
Arise! Arise! Arise!
Millions with but one heart,
Braving the enemy's fire, march on!
Braving the enemy's fire, march on!
March on! March on! On!
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THE BIRTH OF NEW CHINA ................ 1
THE CHINESE PEOPLE'S POLITICAL CON-
SULTATIVE CONFERENCE .............. 7
The First National Committee of the
CPPCC .............................. 11
The Standing Committee of the First
National Committee of the CPPCC .... 15
THE CENTRAL PEOPLE'S GOVERNMENT
OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF
CHINA ... 17
THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF
THE CENTRAL PEOPLE'S GOVERNMENT
THE CENTRAL PEOPLE'S GOVERNMENT
COUNCIL ................................ 17
THE GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION
COUNCIL OF THE CENTRAL PEOPLE'S
GOVERNMENT .......................... 19
Committee of Political and Legal Affairs .. 20
Committee of Financial and Economic
Affairs ............................... 21
Committee of Cultural and Educational
Affairs ............................... 22
Committee of People's Control ............ 22
The Ministries, Commissions, etc., Under the
Government Administration Council .. 23
Ministry of the Interior ............... 23
Ministry of Foreign Affairs ........... 23
Ministry of Public Security ........... 25
Ministry of Finance ................... 25
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Ministry of Foreign Trade ............ 26
Ministry of Commerce ............... 26
Ministry of Food ..................... 26
..................
Ministry for Geology 26
Ministry of Heavy Industry ........... 27
First Ministry of Machine Building
Industry .......................... 27
Second Ministry of Machine Building
Industry .......................... 27
Ministry of Fuel Industry ............ 27
Ministry of Textile Industry .......... 28
Ministry of Light Industry ............ 28
Ministry of Building Construction ..... 28
Ministry of Railways ................. 23
Ministry of Posts and Tele-Communica-
tions .............................. 29
Ministry of Communications .......... 29
Ministry of Agriculture .............. 29
Ministry of Forestry ................. 29
Ministry of Water Conservancy ....... 30
Ministry of Labour ................... 30
Ministry of Cultural Affairs .......... 30
Ministry of Higher Education 30
Ministry of Education ................ 30
Ministry of Public Health ............. 31
Ministry of Justice ................... 31
Ministry of Personnel ................ 31
Commission of Nationalities Affairs ... 31
Commission of Legislative Affairs .... 32
Commission of Physical Culture ...... 32
Commission of Overseas Chinese Affairs 32
Commission for Eliminating Illiteracy 32
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Academia Sinica ....................... 33
Publications Administration ........... 33
People's Bank of China .............. 33
PEOPLE'S REVOLUTIONARY MILITARY
COUNCIL ................................ 34
SUPREME PEOPLE'S COURT ................ 36
PEOPLE'S PROCURATOR-GENERAL'S OF-
FICE ..................................... 37
STATE PLANNING COMMITTEE ............ 38
GREATER AREAS 39
North China Area ......................... 33
Northeast China Area ..................... 40
Northwest China Area .:.................. 40
East China Area .......................... 41
Central-South China Area ................ 41
Southwest China Area .................... 42
Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region .... 42
'Tibet .................. ................ 43
Municipalities ............................ 43
PEKING MUNICIPAL PEOPLE'S GOVERN-
MENT .................................... 44
POLITICAL PARTIES ........................ 47
The Communist Party of China ........... 47
The Revolutionary Committee of the Kuo-
mintang 49
China Democratic League ................. 52
China Democratic National Construction
Association ........................... 54
China Association for Promoting Demo-
cracy ................................. 55
Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic
Party ................................. 56
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China Chih Kung Tang .................... 5g
Chiu San Society .......................... 50
Taiwan Democratic Self-Government
League ............................... 60
China New-Democratic Youth League .... 60
PEOPLE'S ORGANIZATIONS ............... 62
All-China Federation of Trade Unions .... 62
A11-China Democratic Women's Federation 66
All-China Federation of Democratic Youth 68
All-China Students' Federation ............ 70
Chinese People's Committee for World
Peace ................................ 71
Sino-Soviet Friendship Association ....... 73
Chinese People's Institute of Foreign Affairs 75
All-China Federation of Literary and Art
Circles ................................ 76,
Red Cross Society of China ............... 73
China Welfare Institute ................... 80
China Committee for the Promotion of
International Trade .................... 82
UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES IN PEKING 84
FOREIGN LANGUAGE PERIODICALS PUB-
LISHED IN PEKING ...................... 86
RADIO PEKING
DIPLOMATIC LIST .......................... 83
A CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF IM-
PORTANT EVENTS ...................... 94
NATIONAL HOLIDAYS ..................... 123
IMPORTANT MEMORIAL DAYS ............ 123
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The People's Republic of China is one of the
largest countries in the world, with a territory
(9,597,000 square kilometres) nearly the size of
Europe and a population of about 500 million.
China represents an unrivalled continuity of culture
and nationhood of 5,000 years. Chinese ancient in-
ventions include the compass, paper manufacturing,
printing from blocks and from movable type, and
gun powder.
For many centuries Chinese society found itself
under the yoke of feudalism. Feudalism was so
deep-rooted that it remained unchanged until foreign
capitalism began to penetrate the country a little
more than 100 years ago, which had the effect of
turning China into a semi-feudal and semi-colonial
country.
Britain waged the Opium War against China in
1840, which was followed by similar aggressive wars
waged jointly by Britain and France in 1857, by
France in 1884, by Japan in 1894; and by the com-
bined forces of eight countries (Britain, Russia,
France, Germany, the United States, Japan, Italy,
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and Austria) in 1900. As a result, China was reduced
from an independent state to a semi-independent
state, that is, a semi-colony jointly controlled by
imperialist powers.
Imperialist invasion caused tremendous social
and economic changes in China. The self-supporting
economy characteristic of feudal society was dis-
rupted. Capitalist production appeared in China in
the latter half of the 19th century, and together with
it, the Chinese proletariat and the Chinese bour-
geoisie. Of the Chinese bourgeoisie, the bureaucratic
comprador capitalists were supporters of foreign im-
perialism in China because their interests were iden-
tical; but the national bourgeoisie, weak and poli-
tically unstable, was often oppressed by foreign
imperialism and was therefore to a certain extent
opposed to it.
Only the Chinese proletariat proved to be the
most persistent and resolute fighters against foreign
and domestic exploiters alike, because it was most
brutally oppressed by foreign imperialism, bureau-
cratic capitalism, and feudalism. It found a strong
and close ally in the broad masses of the peasantry.
At various stages, it was united with the petty bour-
geoisie and the national bourgeoisie who in different
degrees were oppressed by the reactionary forces.
Prior to the advent of the Chinese proletariat
as a strong revolutionary force, the Chinese people
had carried out two revolutions in an attempt to
overthrow the reactionary Manchu rule. The Taiping
Revolution of the peasants broke out in 1850 but was
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suppressed in 1864. The Revolution of 1911 led by
Sun Yat-sen dethroned the Manchu emperor but was
followed by a series of civil wars among the war-
lords. Chinese society remained fundamentally
unchanged. Because of lack of the leadership of
the proletariat, both revolutions ended in failure.
The May Fourth Movement of 1919 and the
birth of the Communist Party of China two years
later marked the beginning of the Chinese New-
Democratic revolution. The revolution, led by the
working class, based on the alliance of workers and
peasants and uniting the petty bourgeoisie, national
bourgeoisie, and other democratic elements, set about
the great task of uprooting foreign imperialism,
bureaucratic capitalism, and feudalism in China. It
found inspiration in the October Socialist Revolution
in Russia, a revolution which, awakening the op-
pressed masses throughout the world and especially
the labouring people of the East, constituted a turn-
ing point in the history of mankind. Chairman Mao
Tse-tung writes in his On People's Democratic
Dictatorship: "They found Marxism-Leninism, a
universal truth applicable. anywhere: the face of
China thus began to change." And he adds: "The
salvoes of the October Revolution brought us
Marxism-Leninism."
In the course of the revolution, the Chinese
people, under the leadership of the Communist Party
and its leader Mao Tse-tung, passed through four
extremely difficult revolutionary wars. The First
Revolutionary Civil War occurred in. the years from
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1924 to 1927 when the Communist Party of China
formally co-operated with the Kuomintang led by
Sun Yat-sen. Betrayed by the Kuomintang reac-
tionaries, the War met with failure. During the
Second Revolutionary Civil War from 1927 to 1936,
the Chinese people not only repeatedly defeated the
onslaughts of Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary troops,
but succeeded in building up the Chinese Workers'
and Peasants' Red Army and many revolutionary
bases. During the War of Resistance to Japanese
Aggression from 1937 to 1.945, the people's armed
forces led by the Communist Party, notably the
Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, bore
the brunt of the war and finally, in co-operation
with the mighty Soviet Red Army, smashed the
Japanese invaders and opened the way for democratic
reforms so eagerly hoped for by the Chinese people.
However, the Kuomintang reactionaries were
intolerant of the growth of democracy and freedom.
Encouraged and directed by the U.S. imperialists,
they were intent on wiping: out the people's forces
which they regarded as the chief obstacle to their
dictatorial and reactionary rule. In spite of the
ceasefire agreement signed on January 10, 1946 and
the Common Agreement reached at the end of Jan-
uary 1946 at the Political Consultative Conference,
the Kuomintang reactionaries, heavily supplied with
U.S. dollars, guns, airplanes, and equipment of all
kinds, started to attack the Liberated Areas and the
People's Liberation Army and thus the Third Revo-
lutionary Civil War broke out.
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In the first year of the War, from July 1946 to
June 1947, the Kuomintang troops by virtue of their
superiority in numerical strength and armament cap-
tured many towns and cities in the Liberated Areas.
But the tide of the war soon turned in the second
year. Under the leadership of Chairman Mao Tse-
tung, the People's Liberation Army grew from a
relatively weak into a powerful military force to be
reckoned with. By the end of 1949, the. People's
Liberation Army had put out of action a total of
eight million of Chiang Kai-shek's troops. Chiang
Kai-shek and his henchmen fled to the island of
Taiwan, the last part of Chinese territory which re-
mains yet to be liberated.
With the victory of the revolutionary war in
1949, the People's Republic of China came into exist-
ence. It was proclaimed at the First Plenary Session
of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Con-
ference (CPPCC)-an organization of the democratic
united front of the whole people-held in Peking
from September 21 to 30, 1949. It turned a new page
in Chinese history.
The First Plenary Session of the CPPCC was
attended by 662 delegates from the various demo-
cratic parties and organizations, workers, peasants,
armamen, women, youth, national minorities, over-
seas Chinese, industrial and commercial circles, and
other patriotic elements. It adopted the Common
Programme of the CPPCC, the Organic Laws of the
CPPCC and of the Central People's Government, and
elected the Central People's Government Council
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with Mao Tse-tung as Chairman. Other decisions
made by the Session included naming Peking as
capital of the People's Republic of China, the adop-
tion of the March of the Volunteers as the national
anthem pro tem, and the red flag designed with five
golden stars as the national flag.
On October 1, 1949, the Central People's Govern-
ment of the People's Republic of China was formally
inaugurated, the anniversary of which is celebrated
as a national holiday.
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THE CHINESE PEOPLE'S POLITICAL
CONSULTATIVE CONFERENCE,
The Chinese People's Political Consultative Con-
ference (CPPCC) is an organization of the democra-
tic united front of the entire Chinese people. It
embraces the representatives of the working class,
the peasantry, the revolutionary armymen, the intel-
lectuals, the petty bourgeoisie, the national bour-
geoisie, the national minorities, the overseas Chinese,
and other patriotic, democratic personages. Its aim
is to unite all democratic classes and all nationali-
ties in China through the solidarity of the democratic
parties and groups and people's organizations in an
endeavour to bring about New Democracy in China.
On May 1, 1948 the Chinese Communist Party
proposed the convocation of a political consultative
conference to pave the way for the establishment
of a democratic coalition government. The proposal
won immediate response from all democratic parties,
people's organizations, and notable democratic per-
sonages throughout the country. On June 15, 1949
a preparatory committee was set up. The first meet-
ing of the preparatory committee was attended by
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134 delegates representing all democratic parties and
people's groups, democratic personages, national
minorities, and overseas Chinese. The meeting elect-
ed a standing committee of 21 members among whom
were Mao Tse-tung, Chairman of the Central Com-
mittee of the Chinese Communist Party, Chu Teh,
Commander-in-Chief of the Chinese People's Libera-
tion Army, Li Chi-shen, Chairman of the Revolution-
ary Committee of the Kuomintang, and Chang Lan,
Chairman of the China Democratic League; and
charged it with the responsibility of carrying on the
preparatory work for the CPPCC.
The First Plenary Session of the CPPCC opened
in Peking on September 21, 1949, attended by 662
delegates from 45 bodies. It officially proclaimed
the ending of the reactionary rule of Kuomintang
and the birth of the People's Republic of China. It
adopted three provisional fundamental laws, namely,
the Common Programme, the Organic Law of the
CPPCC, and the Organic Law of the Central People's
Government.
According to the Common Programme, the state
power of the People's Republic of China belongs to
the people. The people's congresses and the people's
governments of all levels are organs for the exercise
of state power by the people. The All-China People's
Congress is the supreme organ of state power. But
pending the convocation of the All-China People's
Congress elected by universal suffrage, the Plenary
Session of the CPPCC shall exercise the functions
and powers of the All-China People's Congress, elect
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the Central People's Government Council, and vest
it with the authority to exercise state power. And
pending the 'convocation of the local people's, con-
gresses elected by universal suffrage, the local all-
circles representative conferences shall be convened
which gradually assume the functions and powers
of the local people's congresses.
According to the Organic Law of the CPPCC,
the CPPCC elects a National Committee which in
turn elects its Standing Committee. In the intervals
between the Plenary Sessions of the CPPCC. the
function of the National Committee and its Stand-
ing Committee is to ensure the implementation of
the resolutions of the Plenary Session and the Na-
tional Committee of the CPPCC, to submit proposals
to the Central People's Government, and to deal
with affairs concerning the internal co-operation of
the CPPCC. In the last three years, the First Nation-
al Committee has held four sessions and its Stand-
ing Committee has held 44 meetings.
In the last three years since its birth, New
China has scored great successes in every sphere of
the nation's life. Military operations have been con-
cluded on the mainland, agrarian reform has been
basically completed, people, of every walk of life are
organized, the war-wrecked national economy has
been restored, and a planned, large-scale economic
construction is ushered in-all these show that con-
ditions are ripe for the convocation of the All-China.
People's Congress and the. people's congresses of all
levels elected by universal suffrage. In view of this
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situation, thc, Chinese Communist Party made a pro-
posal to the Standing Committee of the First Na-
tional Committee of the CPPCC on December 24,
1952 for the convening in 1953 of the people's con-
gresses of the hsiang, county, and province (muni-
cipality) levels elected by universal suffrage, and
the convening of the All-China People's Congress on
this basis. This proposal won the unanimous support
of the component bodies of the CPPCC and was
submitted to the Central People's Government for
decision. On January 13, 1953 the Central People's
Government Council adopted the Resolution on the
Convening of the All-China People's Congress and
the Local People's Congresses at All Levels and
defined the task of the All-China People's Congress
as the adoption of a Constitution, the ratification
of the basic outline of the First Five-Year Plan of
national construction, and the election of a new
Central People's Government; and on March 1, 1953
it promulgated the Election Law. Now preparations
for the unprecedented event-the convocation of the
All-China People's Congress elected by universal
suffrage-are in full swing throughout China.
After the convocation of the All-China People's
Congress, the CPPCC will no longer exercise the
functions and powers of the All-China People's Con-
gress but will continue to function as the organiza-
tion of the Chinese people's democratic united front.
It will undertake the task of consolidating and
developing the people's democratic united front, and
continue to strive for the building of New Demo-
cracy and for a Socialist future.
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THE FIRST NATIONAL COMMITTEE
OF THE CPPCC
The First Plenary Session of the CPPCC elected
1801 members to its First National Committee and
reserved 18 seats for 'representatives from the areas
which were not yet liberated at the time.
Mao Tse-tung
Liu Shao-chi
Chou En-lai
Lin Po-chu
Tung Pi-wu
Chen Yun
Peng Chen
Wang Chia-hsiang
Li Wei-han
Li Chi-shen
Chen Shao-hsien
Chu Yun-shan
Li Jen-jen
Yu Hsin-ching
Wang Kun-lun
Tsai Ting-kai
Chiang Kuang-nai
Chang Lan
Lo Lung-chi
Chou Hsin-min
Chu Tu-nan
Tseng Chao-lun
Shen Chun-ju
Sha Chien-li
1 Death of the members caused seven vacancies of
which two were filled by Mei Kung-pin and Tang Sheng-
chih at the Third Session of the First National Com-
mittee, whose names appear at the end of the table.
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Chang Po-chun
Huang Yen-pei
Chang Nai-chi
Hu Chueh-wen
Shih Fu-liang
Chen Sze-sheng
Kuo Mo-jo
Ma Yin-chu
Chang Hsi-jo
Li Ta
Fu Ting-yi
Ma Hsu-lun
Hsu Kuang-ping
Chen Chi-yu
Hsu Teh-heng
Li Chin-hsi
Hsieh Hsueh-hung
Tsai Chien
Feng Wen-pin
Chiang Nan-hsiang
Hsiao Hua
Ma Ming-fang
Yang Ming-hsuan
Yang Hsiu-feng
Lan Kung-wu
Chang Ting-cheng
Lin Feng
Che Hsian?;-chen
Huang Ke-cheng
Chang Chen
Fang Fang
Chen Ju-tang
tTlanfu
Kuei Pi
Chang Yu-yu
Chou Shu-tao
Tu Kuo-hsiang
Yen Chien
Chu Teh
Hsu Hsiang-chien
Peng Teh-huai
Chao Shou-shan
Teng Hsiao-ping
Kao Shu-hsun
Su Yu
Ho Chi-Ii
Lin Piao
Chen Ming-jen
Chen Man-yuan
Wu Chi-wei
Liu Ning-I
Liu Chang-sheng
Liu Tse-chiu
Chang Wei-chen
Yi Li-jung
Li Feng-lien
Teng Ying-chao
Li Teh-chuan
Shih Liang
Chen Shao-ruin
Chang Chin-chiu
Shen Tse-chiu
Chang Yeh
Wang Kuo-hua
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-Tan Yu-pao
Hu Ming
Li Ching-ying
Li Hsiu-chen
Liao Cheng-chih
Chien San-chiang
Wu Han
Hsieh Pang-ting
Fang Kuang-yu
Sung Hsi-heng
Chen Shu-tung
Sheng Pi-hua
Li Fan-yi
Chien Yu-chieh
Pao Taasan
Sung Fei-ching
Liu Hsiao
Pan Han-nien
Chu Chun-hsin
Kwei Yen-fang
Shen Yen-ping
Chou Yang
Cheng Chen-to
Liang Hsi
Li Ssu-kuang
Hou Teh-pang
Chen Shao-yu
Teng Chu-min
Fan Hung
Chen Fang-wu
Yeh Sheng-tao
Lin Li-ju
Hu Chiao-mu
Chin Chung-hua
Wang Yun-sheng
-Pan Chen-ya
Huan Hsiang
Li Cheng-kan
Wu Hung-pin
Chang Chung
Chu Tsao-kuan
Tien Pao
Chu Teh-hai
Wang Kuo-hsing
Tan Kah-kee
Seto Mee Tong
Yi Mei-hou
Chuang Ming-li
Fei Chen-tung
Wu Yao-tsung
Ma Chien
Chao Pu-chu
Soong Ching Ling
Tao Meng-ho
Tung Lu-an
Chien Chang-chao
Li Shu-cheng
Chang Yuan-chi
Ho Yu-shih
Huang Chi-hsiang
Li Ming-hao
Li Ming-yang
Ning Wu
Chen Chin-kun
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Chen Chi-yuan
Chang Wen
Leng Yu
Chang Chih-chung
Shao Li-tse
Chang Shih-chao
Huang Shao-hung
Chiang Yung
Cheng Chien
Fu Tso-yi
Teng Pao-san
Tung Chi-wu
Lin Tsun
Teng Chao-hsiang_
Liu Shan-pen
Chou Hsin-fang.
Mei Lan-fang
Saifudin
Apuhayierhtulieh
Chao Chan-kuei
Li Shih-liang
Sixteen' of the 18 reserved seats (the two re-
maining vacancies are reserved for the representa-
tives of Taiwan) were filled at the Third Session of
the First National Committee, held on November 1,
1951. Names of the members elected on that occa?
sion are as follows:
Dalai Lama
Panchen Ngoerhtehni
Kaloon Ngabou
Ngawang Jigme
Hsiung Ke-wu
Liu Wen-hui
Lu Han
Chou Su-yuan
Burhan
Tao Chih-yueh
Chen Shao-kuan
Huang Sung-chien
Teng Hua
Chou Chen-lin
Liang Shu-ming
Ku Wen-yao
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE FIRST
NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE CPPCC ,
Chairman:
Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen:
Chou En-lai Kuo Mo-jo
Li Chi-shen Chen Shu-tung
Shen Chun-ju -
Committee Members
Mao Tse-tung Ma Hsu-lun
Liu Shao-chi Chang Hsi-jo
Chou En-lai Yang Hsiu-feng
Li Wei-han Ulanfu
Li Chi-shen Chu Teh
Wang Kun-lun Lin Piao
Chiang Kuang-nai Liu Ning-I
Chang Lan Teng Ying-chao
Shen Chun-ju Feng Wen-pin
Chang Po-chun Shen Yen-ping
Huang Yen-pei Liang Hsi
Chen Shu-tung Wu Hung-pin
Chang Nai-chi Tan Kah-kee
Kuo Mo-jo Shao Li-tse
Secretary-General:
Li Wei-han
Assistant Secretaries-General:
Hsing Hsi-ping Chou Hsin-min
Mei Kung-pin Shih Fu-liang
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
The Fourth Session of the First National Com-
mittee of the CPPCC held in February 1953 elected
23 more members and one assistant secretary-general
to the Standing Committee in order to facilitate
the preparation of the forthcoming Second Plenary
Session of the CPPCC. Names of these members
are as follows:
Lin Po-chu
Teng Hsiao-ping
Hu Chiao-mu
Chang Chih-chung
Lo Lung-chi
Shih Fu-liang
Ma Yin-chu
Hsu Kuang-ping
Huang Chi-hsiang
Hsu Teh-heng
Chen Chi-yu
Chiang Nan-hsiang
Liu Chang-sheng
Shih Liang
KA Ssu-kuang
Chien San-chiang
Sheng Pi-hua
Li Teh-chuan
Burhan
'l'ien Pao
Liao Cheng-chih
Wu Yao-tsung
;iisiung Ke-wu
Assistant Secretary-Generel:
Yi Li-jung
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418ROO7700130003-9
Committee of Financial and
Economic Affairs
Committee of Cultural and
Educational Affairs
Ministry of Commerce I
Minist,y 11,
Ministry of Te.tile Ind,,7try
Mini.try of Light ~Idu~Vy
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
THE
CENTRAL PEOPLE'S GOVERNMENT OF
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
THE
CENTRAL PEOPLE'S GOVERNMENT
COUNCIL
The Central People's Government Council re-
presents the People's Republic of China in interna-
tional affairs and assumes the leadership of the
state apparatus at home.
The Central People's Government Council con-
sists of the Chairman and six Vice-Chairmen of the
Central People's Government and of 55 council mem-
bers elected by the First Plenary Session of the
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference,
with a Secretary-General elected by and from among
the members of the Central People's Government
Council.
Chairman:
Mao Tse-tung
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
Vice-Chairmen:
Chu Teh
Liu Shao-chi
Soong Ching Ling
Council Members:
Chen Yi
Ho Lung
Li Li-san
Lin Po-chu
Yeh Chien-ying
Ho Hsiang-ning
Lin Piao
Peng Teh-huai
Liu Po-cheng
Wu Yu-chang
Hsu Hsiang-chien
Peng Chen
Po I-po
Nieh Jung-chen
Chou En-lai
Tung Pi-wu
Saifudin
Jao Shu-shih
Tan Kah-kee
Lo Jung-huan
Teng Tse-hui
Ulanfu
Hsu Teh-li
Tsai Chang
Liu Ke-ping
Ma Yin-chu
Li Chi-shen
Chang Lan
Kao Kang
Chen Yun
Kang Sheng
Lin Feng
Ma Hsu-lun
Kuo Mo-jo
Chang Yun-yi
Teng Hsiao-ping
Kao Chung-min
Shen Chun-ju
Shen Yen-ping
Chen Shu-tung
Seto Mee Tong
Huang Yen-pei
Tsai Ting-kai
Hsi Chung-hsun
Peng Tse-min
Chang Chih-chung
Fu Tso-yi
Li Chang-ta
Li Chu-then
Chang Po-chun
Cheng Chien
Chang Hsi-jo
Chen Ming-shu
Tan Ping-shan
Chang Nan-hsien
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
Liu Ya-tse Lung Yun
Chang Tung-sun
Secretary-General:
Lin Po-chu
Under the Central People's Government Council
are the Government Administration Council, the
People's Revolutionary Military Council, the Supreme
People's Court, the People's Procurator-General's
Office, and the State Planning Committee.
THE GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION
COUNCIL OF THE CENTRAL
PEOPLE'S GOVERNMENT
The Government Administration Council, which
is accountable and responsible to the Central People's
Government Council, is the highest executive body
for state administration. At present it consists of
a Premier, five Vice-Premiers, and 16 council mem-
bers.
Premier:
Chou En-lai
Vice-Premiers:
Tung Pi-wu Huang Yen-pei
Chen Yun. Teng Hsiao-ping
Kuo Mo-jo
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
Council Members:
Tan Ping-shan
Hsieh Chueh-tsai
L.e Jui-ching
Po i-po
Tseng Shan
Teng Tai-yuan
Chang Po-chun
Li Li-san
Secretary-General:
Li Wei-han
Ma Hsu-lun
Chen Shao-hsien
Wang Kun-Run.
Lo Lung-chi
Chang Nai-chi
Shao Li-tse
:Huang Shao-hung
Li Fu-chun
Under the Government Administration Council
there are at present four committees, 28 ministries,
five commissions, one administration, the Academia
Sinica, and the People's Bank of China.
COMMITTEE OF POLITICAL AND
LEGAL AFFAIRS
The Committee of Political and Legal Affairs
directs the work of the Ministry of the Interior, the
Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Justice,
the Commission of Nationalities Affairs, and the
Commission of Legislative Affairs.
At present it is composed of a chairman, five
vice-chairmen, and 43 committee members.
Chairman:
rung Pi-wu
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
Vice-Chairmen:
Peng Chen Peng Tse-min
Chang Hsi-jo Lo Jui-ching
Chen Shao-yu
COMMITTEE OF FINANCIAL AND
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
The Committee of Financial and Economic Affairs
directs the work of the Ministry of Finance, the
Ministry of Foreign Trade, the Ministry of Com-
merce, the Ministry of Food, the Ministry for Geo-
logy, the Ministry of Heavy Industry, the First
Ministry of Machine Building Industry, the Second
Ministry of Machine Building Industry, the Ministry
of Fuel Industry, the Ministry of Textile Industry,
the Ministry of Light Industry, the Ministry of
Building Construction, the Ministry of Railways, the
Ministry of Posts and Tele-Communications, the
Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Agri-
culture, the Ministry of Forestry, the Ministry of
Water Conservancy, the Ministry of Labour, and
the People's Bank of China.
In addition, the Committee has under its direct
control a number of subsidiary bureaux.
At present the Committee consists of a chair-
man, seven vice-chairmen, and 47 committee mem-
bers.
Chairman:
Chen Yun
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
Vice-Chairmen:
Po I-po 'Tseng Shan
Ma Yin-chu Chia To-fu
Teng Tse-hui Yeh Chi-chuang
Li Fu-chun
COMMITTEE OF CULTURAL AND
EDUCATIONAL AFFAIRS
The Committee of Cultural and Educational
Affairs directs the work of the Ministry of Cultural
Affairs, the Ministry of Higher Education, the
Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Public
Health, the Commission for Eliminating Illiteracy,
the Academia Sinica, and the Publications Adminis-
tration.
At present the Committee consists of a chairman,
five vice-chairmen, and 48 committee members.
Chairman:
Kuo Mo-jo
Vice-Chairmen:
Ala Hsu-lun Shen Yen-ping
Chen Po-ta Hsi Chung-hsun
Lu Ting-yi
The Committee of People's Control is respon-
siole for supervising the performance of duties by
government institutions and public functionaries. At
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
present it consists of a chairman, three vice-chair-
men, and 14 committee members.
Chairman:
Tan Ping-shan
Vice-Chairmen:
Liu Ching-fan Chien Ying
Pan Chen-ya
THE MINISTRIES, COMMISSIONS, ETC.,
UNDER THE GOVERNMENT
ADMINISTRATION COUNCIL
Minister:
Hsieh Chueh-tsai
Vice-Ministers:
Wu Hsin-yu Wang Tse-yi
Chen Chi-yuan Wang Yi-fu
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has seven de-
partments, two committees, and a general office.
Minister:
Chou En-lai
Vice-Ministers:
Wang Chia-hsiang Chang Han-fu
Li Ke-nung Wu Hsiu-chuan
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 Approved
Director:
Wang Ping-nan
Deputy Directors:
Yen Pao-hang Chou Chu-an
Lai Ya-li
DEPARTMENT OF SOVIET UNION AND EASTERN
EUROPEAN AFFAIRS
Director: Deputy Director:
Hsu Yi-hsin Wen Ning
Director: Deputy Director:
Chen Chia-kang Ho Ying
DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN EUROPEAN
AND AFRICAN AFFAIRS
Director: Deputy Director:
Huan Hsiang Chang Yueh
DEPARTMENT OF AMERICAN AND
AUSTRALIAN AFFAIRS
Director:
Ke Po-nier.
DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
AND CONFERENCES
Director: Deputy Director:
Tung Yueh-chien Kung Pu-sheng
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
bEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND RESEARCII
Director: Deputy Director:
Kung Peng Cheng Chih-ping
DEPARTMENT OF PERSONNEL
Director: Deputy Director:
Chou Tung Wang Chieh
FOREIGN POLICY COMMITTEE
Chairman: Deputy Chairman:
Chou En-lai Chiao Kuan-hua
Chairman:
Chang Han-fu
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC SECURITY
Minister:
Lo Jui-ching
Vice-Ministers:
Hsu Tse-jung Chen Lung
MINISTRY OF FINANCE
Minister:
P0 I-po
Vice-Ministers:
Jung Tse-ho Fan Hsing-chih
Wang Shao-ao Wu Po
Chen Kuo-tung
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN TRADE
Minister:
Y eh Chi-chuang
Vice-Ministers:
Li Che-jen Kung Yuan
Lei Jen-min Hsieh Hsueh-kung
Hsu Hsueh-han Li Chiang
Minister:
Tseng Shan
Vice-Ministers:
Yao Yi-lin Wang Lui
Sha Chien-li Wu Hsueh-chih
Wang Hsing-jang
Minister:
Chang Nai-chi
Vice-Ministers:
Chen Hsi-yun Huang Ching-po
Minister:
Li Ssu-kuang
Vice-Ministers:
Ho Chang-kung Sung Ying
Liu Chieh
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
MINISTRY OF HEAVY INDUSTRY
Minister:
Wang Ho-shou
Vice-Ministers:
Lu Tung Lai Chi-fa
FIRST MINISTRY OF MACHINE BUILDING
INDUSTRY
Minister:
Huang Ching
Vice-Ministers:
Tuan Chun-yi Wang Tao-han
SECOND MINISTRY OF MACHINE BUILDING
INDUSTRY
Minister:
Chao Erh-lu
Vice-Ministers:
Chang Lin-chih Liu Ting
Wan Yi
MINISTRY OF FUEL INDUSTRY
Minister:
Chen Yu
Vice-Ministers:
Li Fan-yi Li Jen-chun
Liu Lan-po Hsu Ta-pen
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
Minister:
Chiang Kuang-nai
Vice-Ministers:
Chien Chih-kuang Chang Chin-chiu
Chen Wei-chi
Minister:
Huang Yen-pei
Vice-Ministers:
Yang Wei-yu 'Nang Hsin-yuan
Kung Yin-ping Kao Wen-hua
Minister:
Chen Cheng-jen
Vice-Ministers:
Wan Li
Chou Jung-hsin
Minister:
Teng Tai-yuan
Vice-Ministers:
Lu Cheng-tsao Wang Shih-tai
Wu Ching-tien Kuo Hung-tao
Shih Chih-jen Chao Chien-min
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
MINISTRY OF POSTS AND
TELE-COMMUNICATIONS
Minister:
Chu Hsueh-fan
Vice-Ministers:
Wang Cheng Wang Tse-kang
Fan Shih-jen
Minister:
Chang Po-chun
Vice-Ministers:
Wang Shou-tao Chi Fang
Li Yun-chang Chang Tse
Minister:
Li Shu-cheng
Vice-Ministers:
Liu Jui-lung Chang Lin-chih
Wang Kuan-lan Wu Chueh-nung
Yang Hsien-tung
Minister:
Liang Hsi
Vice-Ministers:
Lo Yu-chuan
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
MINISTRY OF WATER CONSERVANCY
Minister:
Fu Tso-yi
Vice-Ministers:
Li Pao-hua Chien Cheng-ying
Chang Han-ying
Minister:
Li Li-san
Vice-Ministers:
Shih Fu-Iiang Mao Chi-hua
Liu Ya-hsiung
MINISTRY OF CULTURAL AFFAIRS
Minister:
Shen Yen-ping
Vice-Ministers:
Chou Yang Ting Hsi-lin
MINISTRY OF HIG]TER EDUCATION
Minister:
Ma Hsu-lun
Vice-Ministers:
Yang Hsiu-feng Tseng Chao-lun
Huang Sung-ling Liu Kai-feng
Minister:
Chang Hsi-jo
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
Vice-Ministers:
Wei Chueh Lin Li-ju
Tung Shun-tsai Liu Chih
Minister:
Li Teh-chuan
Vice-Ministers:
Ho Cheng Hsu Yun-pei
Su Ching-kuan Wang Pin
Fu Lien-chang
Minister:
Shih Liang
Vice-Ministers:
Wei Wen-po
Minister:
An Tse-wen
Vice-Ministers:
Hsing Hsi-ping Li Chu-Ii
Sun Chi-meng
Chairman:
Li WPi-hall
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
Vice-Chairmen:
Ulanfu Wang Feng
Liu Ke-ping Liu Chun
Saifudin Chang Chih-yi
Chairman: Vice-Chairman:
Chen Shao-yu I-'su Teh-heng
Chairman: Vice-Chairman:
Ho Lung Tsai Ting-kai
COMMISSION OF OVERSEAS CHINESE
AFFAIRS
Chairman:
Ho Hsiang-ning
Vice-Chairmen:
Li Jen-jen Li Tieh-min
Liao Cheng-chih Chuang Hsi-chuan
Chairman:
Chu Tu-nan
Vice-Chairmen:
Li Chang
Lin Han-ta
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
President:
Kuo Mo-jo
Vice-Presidents:
Chen Po-ta Tao Meng-ho
Li Ssu-kuang Chu Ke-chen
Chang Chia-fu Wu Yu-hsun
Director:
Hu Yu-chih
Deputy Directors:
Yeh Sheng-tao Chen Ke-han
Chou Chien-jen Sa Kung-liao
Managing Director:
Nan Han-chen
Assistant Managing Director:
Hu Ching-yun
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
PEOPLE'S REVOLUTIONARY
MILITARY COUNCIL
The People's Revolutionary Military Council is
the highest organ of military command of the state,
exercising unified control over the People's Libera-
tion Army and other people's armed forces through-
out the country. At present it is composed of a
chairman, seven vice-chairmen, and 19 council
members.
Chairman:
Mao Tse-tung
Vice-Chairmen:
Chu Teh
Liu Shao-chi
Chou En-lai
Peng Teh-huai
Council Members:
Ho Lung
Liu Po-cheng
Chen Yi
Hsu Hsiang-chien
Ych Chien-ying
Cheng Chien
Lin Piao
Kao Kang
Nieh Jung-chen
Su Yu
Chang Yun-yi
Teng Hsiao-ping
Li Hsien-nien
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
Jao Shu-shih Fu Tso-yi
Teng Tse-hui Tsai Ting-kai
Hsi Chung-hsun Lung Yun
Lo Jui-ching Liu Fei
Chang Chih-chung
Chief of General Staff:
Hsu Hsiang-chien
Deputy Chiefs of General Staff:
Nieh Jung-chen Huang Ke-cheng
Su Yu Chang Tsung-hsun
Commander-in-Chief of the
People's Liberation Army:
Chu Teh
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
The Supreme People's Court, the highest judicial
body, is charged with the direction and supervision
of the work of all judicial bodies of the country. At
present it consists of a president, two vice-presidents,
and 13 committee members.
President:
Shen Chun-ju
Vice-Presidents:
Wu Kai-chih
Committee Members:
Chen Shao-yu
Chu Liang-tsai
Feng Wen-pin
Hsu Chih-chen
Li Pei-chih
Fei Ching
Chia Chien
Secretary-General:
Min Kang-hou
Wane Huai-an
Chen Chin-kun
VVu Yu-heng
Min Kang-hou
Sha Yen-kai
Yu Chung-lo
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
PEOPLE'S PROCURATOR-GENERAL'S
OFFICE
The People's Procurator-General's Office is vest-
ed with the supreme supervisory power to ensure
the strict observance of the law by all government
institutions and public functionaries as well as by
nationals of the country. At present it consists of
a procurator-general, two deputy procurators-
general, and nine committee members.
Procurator-General:
Lo Jung-huan
Deputy Procurators-General:
Li Liu-ju Lan Kung-wu
Committee Members:
Lo Jui-ching Hsu Chien-kuo
Yang Chi-thing Wang Chin-hsiang
Ho Hsiang-ning Li Shih-ying
Chou Hsin-min Feng Chi-ping
Chen Shao-min
Secretary-General:
Chou Hsin-min
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
The State Planning Committee was set up in
November 1952, in order to strengthen the leadership
in the planned construction of the country. At pre-
sent the Committee consists of a chairman, a vice-
chairman, and 15 committee members.
Committee Members:
Chen Yun
Peng Teh-huai
Lin Piao
Ten., Hsiao-ping
Jao Shu-shih
Po I-po
Peng Chen
Li Fu-chun
Hsi Chung-hsun
Huang Ke-cheng
Liu Lan-tao
Chang Hsi
An Chih-wen
Ma Hung
Hsueh Mu-chiao
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
GREATER AREAS
Under the present administrative system, the
whole country is divided into six Greater Areas (30
provinces including Taiwan), namely, North, North-
east, Northwest, East, Central-South, and Southwest
China. Besides, there are the Inner Mongolian
Autonomous Region, Tibet, and 12 municipalities
under the direct administration of the Central Peo-
ple's Government. For each Greater Area there is
an Administrative Committee' which directs and
supervises on behalf of the Central People's Govern-
ment the work of the local governments under its
jurisdiction.
1. North China Area
There are three provinces under its jurisdiction:
Hopei, Shansi, Suiyuan.
1 The Administrative Committees were set up to re-
place the former Military and Administrative Committees
in accordance with the resolution adopted by the Central
People's Government on November 15, 1952 concerning
the reorganization of the government organs in the
Greater Areas.
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 111111111101
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The highest government body: The North China
Administrative Committee (located in Peking)
Chairman:
Liu Lan-tao
2. Northeast China Area
There are six provinces under its jurisdiction:
Liaotung, Liaosi, Kirin, Sungkiang, Heilungkiang,
Jehol.
The highest government body: The Northeast
China Administrative Committee (located in Shen-
Yang')
Vice-Chairmen:
Liu Hsiu-feng
Chang Su
Chairman:
Kao Kang
Vice-Chairmen:
Lin Feng
Kao Chung-min
Chang Ming-yuan
Li Cho-jan
Wang Chin-hsiang
Ku Cho-hsin
3. Northwest China Area
There are five provinces under its jurisdiction:
Shensi, Kansu. Ningsia, Chinghai, Sinkiang.
The highest government body: The Northwest
China Administrative Committee (located in Sian)
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
Chairman:
Peng Teh-huai
Vice-Chairmen:
Hsi Chung-hsun Saifudin
Chang Chih-chung Ma Hung-pin
Ma Ming-fang Huang Cheng-ching
Yang Ming-hsuan
4. East China Area
There are six provinces under its jurisdiction:
Shantung, Kiangsu, Anhwei, Chekiang, Fukien,
Taiwan.,,
The highest government body: The East China
Administrative Committee (located in Shanghai)
Chairman:
Jao Shu-shih
Vice-Chairmen:
Tseng Shan Chang Ting-cheng
Su Yu Liu Ya-tse
Ma Yin-chu Tan Kah-kee
Tan Chen-lin Sheng Pi-hua
5. Central-South China .Area
There are six provinces under its jurisdiction:
Honan, Hupeh, Hunan, Kiangsi, Kwangtung,
Kwangsi.
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The highest government body: The Central-
South China Administrative Committee (located in
Wuhan)
Chairman:
Lin Piao
Vice-Chairmen:
Teng Tse-hui Chang Nan-hsien
Yeh Chien-ying Li Hsien-nien
Chang Yun-yi Li Hsueh-feng
Cheng Chien Chen Ming-shu
6. Southwest China Area
There are four provinces under its jurisdiction:
Szechuan, Kweichow, Yunnan, Sikang.
The highest government body: The Southwest
China Administrative Committee (located in Chung-
king)
Chairman:
Liu Po-cheng
Vice-Chairmen:
Ho Lung Wang Wei-thou
Teng Hsiao-ping Sung Jen-chiung
Hsiung Ke-wu Lu Han
Lung Yun Teng Hsi-hou
Liu Wen-hui
7. Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region
There are one administrative region and three
Leagues under its jurisdiction: Eastern Administra-
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five Region, Chaowuta League, Chahar League,
Silingol League.
The highest government body: The Inner
Mongolian Autonomous Regional People's Govern-
ment (located in Kweisui)
Chairman:
Ulanfu
Vice-Chairmen:
Yang Chih-lin Hafenga
9. The 12 municipalities under the direct
administration of the Central People's
Government:
Peking, Tientsin (in North China Area)
Shenyang, Port Arthur-Dairen, Anshan, Fushun,
Penki (in Northeast China Area)
Sian (in Northwest China Area)
Shanghai (in East China Area)
Wuhan, Canton (in Central-South China Area)
Chungking (in Southwest China Area)
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 Approved
PEKING MUNICIPAL PEOPLE'S
GOVERNMENT
Immediately following the liberation of Peking
on January 31, 1949, the Peking Municipal People's
Government was formed. In August 1949 the First
People's Representative Conference was held. It
was attended by 332 delegates representing the Chi-
nese Communist Party and the various other demo-
cratic parties; workers, peasants, and national
capitalists; experts, professors, and students; and the
youth and women.
The Second People's Representative Conference
held in November 1949 elected the Municipal Peo-
ple's Government, a mayor, two vice-mayors and ten
municipal council members. This new government
tully assumed the function and form of a local
democratic coalition government whose leadership is
composed of representatives from different walks of
life. Meanwhile, district people's representative
conferences were convened which elected district
people's governments. In this way, the representa-
tives of the municipal and district conferences kept
close contact with the more than 2,600,000 people
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in Peking and exercised political "power according
to the will of the people.
The present municipal council was elected at the
Fourth People's Representative Conference. held in
August 1952. It elected Peng Chen Mayor, and
Chang Yu-yu and WVu Han Vice-Mayors, and 30
council members.
In the last four years the Peking Municipal Peo-
ple's Government has. carried out a series of social
reform and construction work. In April 1950 the
agrarian reform was successfully completed on the
outskirts of the city. One of the social evils, pro-
stitution, which ruthlessly disgraced the women for
centuries was abolished for ever when all the bro-
thels in Peking were closed down in November 1949
at the order of the Municipal People's Government.
As a result of the production emulation movement
launched in 1951, the enthusiasm for production of
the masses was greatly enhanced and in both agri-
culture and industry many advanced workers have
made their appearance.
? Sanitation of. the city has been considerably im-
proved. In 1949, within 91 days alone, 210,000 tons
of garbage accumulated before the liberation were
removed. Since liberation a length of 360 kilometres
of sewerage has been repaired or constructed and all
the lakes, rivers, and pools in the city area have
been dredged.
The cultural and educational work has also made
considerable progress. In 1952 the enrolment of
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middle schools and primary schools increased 81 and
73 per cent respectively over 1949. in order to raise
the cultural level of the labouring people, spare-time
and short-term schools have been established for
workers and peasants.
For handling the affairs concerning foreign resi-
dents, such as applications for entry or exit permits,
the Peking Municipal People's Government has
established a Foreign Affairs Department, which is
headed by Ma Chen-wu, whose office is located at
2, Hsi Chang An Chieh (Tel. 3-6017).
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The Communist Party of China is the party of
the Chinese working class, having for its object the
realization of Communism in China. Founded on
July 1, 1921, the Party now has a membership of
more than 6,000,000.
The Communist Party of China, with the sup-
port of the Soviet Union and the working class of
various countries of the world, has led the Chinese
people in liberating the whole of the mainland
through a series of revolutionary wars-the First
Revolutionary Civil, War of 1924-27, the Second
Revolutionary Civil War of 1927-36, the War of
Resistance to Japanese Aggression of 1937-45, and
the Third Revolutionary Civil War of 1945-49, thus
putting an end to the rule of imperialism and
feudalism in China, and establishing a new state
of People's Democratic Dictatorship-the People's
Republic of China.
The Communist Party of China is the leading
force of the People's Republic of China. Relying
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 Approved
on the assistance of its great ally, the Soviet Union,
China carried out the tremendous work of rehabilitat-
ing its national economy in 1950-52, and embarked
upon the First Five-Year Plan in 1953 for the de-
velopment of the national economy.
Chairman:
Mao Tse-tung
Committee Members:
Mao Tse-tung
Liu Shao-chi
Chou En-lai
Chu Teh
Lin Tsu-han
Lin Piao
Tung Pi-wu
Chen Yun
Hsu Hsiang-chien
Kao Kang
Li Fu-chun
Jao Shu-shih
Li Li-san
Lo Jung-huan
Kang Sheng
Peng Chen
Chan- Yun-yi
Ilo Lung
Chen Yi
Liu Po-cheng
Cheng Wei-san
Chang Wen-tien
Tsai Chang
Teng Hsiao-ping
Lu Ting-yi
Tseng Shan
Yeh Chien-ying
Nieh Jung-then
Peng Teh-huai
Teng Tse-hui
Wu Yu-chang
Lin Feng
Teng Tai-yuan
Chang Ting-cheng
Hsu Teh-li
Tan Chen-lin
Li Iisien-nien
Po 1-po
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Chen Shao-yu
Liao Cheng-chih
Wang Chia-hsiang
Alternate Members:
Wang Shou-tao
Teng Ying-chao
Chen Shao-min
Liu Hsiao
Tan Cheng
Cheng Tse-hua
Liu Chang-sheng
Su Yu
Wang Chen
Sung Jen-chiung
Chang Chi-chun
Yun Tse
Li Pao-hua
Wang Wei-thou
Chen Po-ta
Huang Ke-cheng
Wan Yi
Ku Ta-tsun
Tseng Ching-ping
Chen Yu
Ma Ming-fang
Lu Cheng-tsao
Lo Jui-ching
Chang Tsung-hsun
Chen Keng
Wang Tsung-wu
Hsi Chung-hsun
Hsiao Ching-kuang
Liu Lan-tao
THE REVOLUTIONARY COMMITTEE
OF THE KUOMINTANG
The Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang
was organized by democratic members of the Kuo-
mintang who were opposed to Chiang Kai-shek's
dictatorship. Since 1945, the anti-Chiang Kai-shek
democratic elements inside the Kuomintang formed
a number of groups, including the Three People's
Principles Comrades Association led by Tan Ping-
shan and the Kuomintang Association for Promoting
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Democracy led by Li Chi-shen. On January 1, 1948
these groups, together with other anti-Chiang Kai-
shek democratic elements of the Kuomintang, or-
ganized the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuo-
mintang with Li Chi-shen as chairman, and Ho
Hsiang-ning, Tan Ping-shan, and others as members
of the Central Committee. The Committee issued
its inaugural declaration and made known its work-
ing programme. It also announced that it adhered
to the domestic and foreign policies adopted by the
First National Congress of the Kuomintang in 1924
as its basic principles, and stood for the overthrow
of Chiang Kai-shek's traitorous regime and the estab-
lishment of a coalition government.
In September 1949 the Revolutionary Committee
of the Kuomintang, the Three People's Principles
Comrades Association, and the Kuomintang Associa-
tion for Promoting Democracy, represented by Li
Chi-shen, Ho Hsiang-ning, Tan Ping-shan, Tsai Ting-
kai, and others, participated in the First Plenary
Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative
Conference and Li Chi-shen was elected Vice-Chair-
man of the Central People's Government of the
People's Republic of China.
In November 1949 the Committee called a re-
presentative conference of the democratic groups of
the Kuomintang in order to incorporate the Revolu-
tionary Committee of the Kuomintang, the Three
People's Principles Comrades Association, the Kuo-
mintang Association for Promoting Democracy, and
other democratic elements of the Kuomintang into
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the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang.
The conference passed resolutions on current poli-
tical tasks and organizational questions and adopted
its Constitution. It declared its acceptance of the
leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and
adopted the Common Programme of the CPPCC as
its own programme. It called upon the. democratic
and patriotic elements who formerly were members
of the Kuomintang to accept the political principles
of New Democracy, to re-educate themselves ideolo-
gically and to take an active part in the cause of
revolution and construction.
In November 1950 the Revolutionary Committee
of the Kuomintang held the Second Plenary Session
of the Central Committee elected by the Second
National Congress, at which the campaign to resist
U.S. aggression and aid Korea was set as the then
central political task of the Committee and resolu-
tions were passed on the development of the or-
ganization of the Committee.
In January 1953 the Committee held the enlarged
Third Plenary Session which summed up the tasks
of the Committee in the past two years. With regard
to the nature of the Committee, the Session defined
it as a component of the people's democratic united
front led by the Chinese Communist Party. The
mission of the Committee in the united front is
chiefly to unite, educate, and re-educate the former
Kuomintang members and those personages who have
had historical connections with the Kuomintang.
Moreover, the Session accepted the three great
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 tasks' of the country in 1953 as its current political
tasks.
The China Democratic. League, which enrols
members principally from the petty-bourgeois intel-
ligentsia, was founded in 1941. It was first known
as the Alliance of Chinese Democratic Parties and
Groups, and renamed the China Democratic League
in 1944. The League is led by Chang Lan, Shen
Chun-ju, and others.
During the period of the War of Resistance to
Japanese Aggression, the League advocated the policy
of fighting against Japan, and for democracy and
unity within China. Following the victory over
Japan, the League advocated peace, democracy, sol-
idarity, and unification, and fought against the
reactionary rule and civil-war policy of the Kuomin-
tang. As a result of the cruel persecution of the
League by the reactionary Kuomintang government,
two prominent members of the League, Li Kung-pu
and Wen Yi-to, were murdered in July 1946 in Kun-
ming. Under the pressure of the Kuomintang reac-
tionary government, the League had to close down
' That is, to further strengthen the Movement to
Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, to start the First
Five-Year Plan, and to convene the All-China People's
Congress.
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its headquarters and suspend its activities in Novem-
ber 1947. In January 1948 the League re-established
a leading body in Hongkong, resumed activities, and
issued a declaration announcing its close co-opera-
tion with the Chinese Communist Party and its active
support for the people's armed revolution.
In September 1949 the League,. represented by
Chang Lan, Shen Chun-ju, Chang Po-shun, Lo
Lung-chi, Shih Liang, Hu Yu-chih, and others, par-
ticipated in the First Plenary Session of the CPPCC
in Peking. At this Session Chang Lan was elected
Vice-Chairman of the Central People's Government
of the People's Republic of China.
In December 1949 the Central Committee of the
League held its Fourth Plenary Session which de-
clared its acceptance of the leadership of the Chinese
Communist Party and its adoption of the Common
Programme of the CPPCC as the programme of the
League.
In December 1951 the Standing Committee of the
Central Committee of the League endorsed the de-
finition of the nature and tasks of the League made
by its conference for organizational and propaganda
work, that is, the League is a New-Democratic poli-
tical party in the nature of a class alliance with
the petty-bourgeois intelligentsia as its main com-
ponent, and set itself the task of uniting and educat-
ing the intelligentsia to struggle under the leader-
ship of the Chinese Communist Party for the realiza-
tion of the New-Democratic revolution.
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 Approved
CHINA DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL
CONSTRUCTION" ASSOCIATION
The China Democratic National Construction
Association, which enrols members principally from
the national industrialists and businessmen, and the
intelligentsia connected with industrial and commer-
cial circles, was founded in 1945. It adopted an
attitude against the reactionary rule and civil-war
policy of the Kuomintang?
In September 1949 the Association, represented
by Huang Yen-pei, Chang Nai-chi, and others, par-
ticipated in the First Plenary Session of the CPPCC.
After the establishment of the Central People's Gov-
ernment, Huang Yen-pei was appointed Vice-Premier
of the Government Administration Council.
In 1949 the Association, at its First National Con-
ference, declared its acceptance of the leadership of
the Chinese Communist Party, and its adoption of
the Common Programme of the CPPCC as the pro-
gramme of the Association. At the same time it
decided to enrol new members from employees in
state-operated enterprises.
In January 1951 the Standing Committee of the
Association adopted a resolution on the development
of the organization of the Association and decided to
broaden its influence among the traders and manu-
facturers.
In July 1952 the Association held in Peking its
Second Enlarged Conference which framed the Con-
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stitution of the Association and defined the task of
the Association thenceforth as uniting the national
bourgeoisie, under the leadership of the Chinese
Communist Party and according to the Common
Programme, to re-educate themselves ideologically;
and. as representing the legitimate interests of the
national bourgeoisie. It decided to recruit into its
organization chiefly the industrial and commercial
capitalists and their agents (especially the industrial
capitalists and their agents) who play an important
role in national economy and who support the Com-
mon Programme; and at the same time to recruit
the representative small and middle traders and
manufacturers, and a due number of the employees
of the private enterprises, staff members of the eco-
nomic and financial departments, and progressive
intelligentsia.
The Association is led by Huang Yen-pei, Chang
Nai-chi, Nan Han-then, Li Chu-then, Sheng Pi-hua,
Shih Fu-liang, and others.
CHINA ASSOCIATION FOR PROMOTING
DEMOCRACY
Founded in December 1945, the China Association
for Promoting Democracy is composed mainly of
cultural, educational, and publication workers, the
overwhelming majority of whom are primary and
middle school teachers. Its leaders include Ma Hsu-
lun, Wang Shao-ao, Hsu Kuang-ping, Chou Chien-jen,
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and Lin 11an-ta. Before 1949 it was one of the or-
ganizations that participated in the democratic move.
ments. The Association was represented by Ma
Hsu-lun and others at the First Plenary Session of
the Chinese People's Political Consultative Confer-
ence in September 1949.
In April 1950 the Association held its First Na-
tional Congress since China's liberation. The Con-
gress adopted its Constitution and accepted the Com-
mon Programme of the CPPCC as the programme
of the Association and the leadership of the Com-
munist Party of China.
During the past three years and more, the As-
sociation has mobilized its members and the sectors
of the people who have connection with it to join
the various social reform movements in which they
have elevated their political consciousness.
CHINESE PEASANTS AND WORKERS
DEMOCRATIC PARTY
First known as the Chinese Revolutionary Party,
it was founded under the leadership of Teng Yen-ta
(who was murdered in 1921 by Chiang Kai-shek) in
1927 following the failure of the First Revolutionary
Civil War. At that time it consisted chiefly of the
petty-bourgeois elements inside the Kuomintang who
were opposed to Chiang Kai-shek's betrayal of the
revolution. In 1930 it was renamed Provisional
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Action Committee of the Kuomintang. From 1935
it was known as the Action Committee for Chinese
National Liberation until 1947 when it adopted its
present name.
In 1933 a number of the important members of
the Party joined the Fukien People's Government
founded by Li Chi-shen, Chen Ming-shu, and others.
In 1935 the Party declared its support to the proposal
made by the Communist Party of China on August 1
of that year for the establishment of an anti-Japanese
national united front for the purpose of waging a
common fight against Japan. In 1938 it made known
its policy for realizing democracy and unity and for
fighting against Japan. Later, it reiterated its stand
for democracy and against the civil-war policy of
the Kuomintang.
In September 1949 the Party, with Peng Tse-min
and others as representatives, participated in the
First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Poli-
tical Consultative Conference.
Exercising the functions and powers of the
National Congress, the Fifth National Conference of
Cadres of the Party held in November 1950 declared
its acceptance of the leadership of the Communist
Party of China and adopted the Common Programme
of the CPPCC as its own programme.
In November 1951 the- Party held its Sixth Na-
tional Conference of Cadres which adopted a new
Constitution and reorganized the Party's leading
bodies. The First Plenary Session of the Central
Committee of the Sixth Party Congress met in
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December of the same year, which elected an Execu-
tive Bureau of the Central Committee, composed of
15 members.
Chang Po-chum and Peng Tse-min are the Chair-
man and Vice-Chairman of the Central Committee
respectively.
CHINA CHIN KUNG TANG
The China Chih Kung Tang came into being as
a result of the reorganization of the "Chih Kung
Tong" founded by the overseas Chinese in America.
It made known in May 1947 its political platform
which stood for China's internal peace and political
democracy and against the Kuomintang dictatorial
rule.
In September 1949 it was represented by Chen
Chi-yu and others at the First Plenary Session of
the Chinese People's Political Consultative Confer-
ence. Its Fourth National Congress. held in Canton
in April 1950 declared its acceptance of the leader-
ship of the Communist Party of China and the Com-
mon Programme of the CPPCC as the programme
of the China Chih Kung Tang. At this Congress,
Chen Chi-yu, Chen Yen-sheng, and 43 others were
elected to the Central Committee.
The China Chih Kung Tang held its Fifth Na-
tional Congress in Canton in November 1952, which
elected Chen Chi-yu and 30 others to the Central
Committee with Chen Chi-yu as Chairman.
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CHIU SAN SOCIETY
Composed of intellectuals engaged in cultural
and educational work, the Chiu San Society originat-
ed from discussion meetings held among university
professors. When it was founded in 1944, the Society
took as its name the Democracy and Science Society.
In commemoration of the V-J Day, September 3,
1945, it adopted its present name, Chiu San. Society,
which literally means "September Third Society."
The Society was officially inaugurated in May 1946.
Prior to China's liberation, it was one of the or-
ganizations which participated in the democratic
movements launched in the Kuomintang areas
against U.S. imperialism and Chiang Kai-shek.
In September 1949 the Society, with Hsu Teh-
heng and others as representatives, took part in the
First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Poli-
tical Consultative Conference.
The First National Conference of the Society
was held in December 1950, which declared its ac-
ceptance of the leadership of the Communist Party
of China and the Common Programme of the CPPCC
as its own programme, adopted the policy of con-
solidating and developing its organization, and re-
solved to enlist cultural, educational, and scientific
workers.
In September 1952 the Society convened its
Second Enlarged National Conference which amended
the Constitution and elected a new Central Com-
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tnittee with Hsu Teh-heng and Liang Hsi as Chair-
man and Vice-Chairman respectively.
TAIWAN DEMOCRATIC
SELF-GOVERNMENT LEAGUE
The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League
was founded in November 1947. Its aim is to rally
the Taiwan people in their fight against U.S. im-
perialist aggression and the reactionary local rule
of Chiang Kai-shek's clique and to co-operate with
the whole Chinese people for the liberation of the
island. It was represented by Hsieh Ilsueh-hung and
others at the First Plenary Session of the Chinese
People's Political Consultative Conference in Septem-
ber 1949, and declared its acceptance of the Common
Programme of the CPPCC as its own programme
and the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
The League is led by Hsieh Hsueh-hung.
CHINA NEW-DEMOCRATIC YOUTH
LEAGUE
The China New-Democratic Youth League, under
the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, is a
mass organization of progressive youth who are
determined to strive for the complete realization of
New Democracy. Its mission is to educate the Chi-
nese youth in Marxism-Leninism, and to unite the
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broad masses of youth around the Chinese Com-
munist Party to struggle, together with the people
throughout the country, for safeguarding and
building New China and for the complete libera-
tion of mankind as a whole.
On January 1, 1949 the Central Committee of
the Communist Party of China announced a decision
concerning the establishment of the China New-
Democratic Youth League. From April 11 to 18 of
the same year, the First Congress of the League
was convened in Peking in which the Constitution
and working programme of the League were adopted.
At the end of 1952, membership of the League
reached 8,500,000. The League has become a power-
ful organization and a close helpmate of the Chi-
nese Communist Party, playing as it does a very
active role in the various spheres of work.
The Secretariat of the Central Committee is
composed of nine members: Hu Yao-pang, Liao
Cheng-chih, Chiang Nan-hsiang, Li Chang, Jung
Kao-tang, Sung Yi-ping, Liu Tao-sheng, Lo Yi, and
Hsu Shih-ping; and five alternate members: Ou
Tang-Jiang, Kao Yang-wen, Yang Shu, Chang Tse,
and Hu Ke-shih.
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 Approved
ALL-CHINA FEDERATION OF
TRADE UNIONS
Honorary Chairman:
Liu Shao-chi
Chairman:
Lai Jo-yu
Vice-Chairmen:
Liu Ning-I Chu Hsueh-fan
Liu Chang-sheng
The All-China Federation of Trade Unions,
founded in 1925 at the Second All-China Congress
of Labour, is the supreme leading organ of the
Chinese trade unions.
Under the direct leadership of the party of the
Chinese working class, the Chinese Communist Party,
the contemporary Chinese working class movement
has developed along a triumphant path. In the
same year of the founding of the Federation, the
Chinese workers called the historic anti-imperialist
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strike of May 30. After Chiang Kai-shek's betrayal
of the revolution in 1927, the Federation was forced
underground to conduct long-term, arduous struggles.
On the eve of-the nation-wide victory of the Chinese
People's Liberation War, the Sixth All-China Con-
gress of Labour held in Harbin in August 1948
formally re-established the All-China Federation of
Trade Unions.
In 1950 the Central People's Government pro-
mulgated the Trade Union Law which clearly defines
the legal status and functions of the trade unions
and affords legal protection for the basic interests
of the working class.
By rallying the broad masses of workers around
the Chinese Communist Party, the trade unions have
constituted a link between the Party and the masses
and at the same time the strong social pillar of
the Chinese People's Democratic Dictatorship. Up to
March 1953, the basic units of the Federation num-
ber 180,000 and its membership has increased from
7,290,000 in 1951 to 10,200,000. Over 90 per cent of
the industrial workers have joined the trade unions.
The trade unions of 23 industries have set up their
national committees.
Since the birth of New China, the Chinese work-
ing class, under the leadership of the Federation,
has conducted many mass campaigns such as the
democratic reform of the enterprises, labour emula-
tion, the campaign for creating new record, and has
hacked the Movement to Resist U.S. Aggression and
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Aid Korea. In the latter half of 1952, a nation-wide
patriotic movement for increasing production and
practising economy was set on foot. In these move-
ments, the workers developed their enthusiasm for
production and their initiative to high degree; and
as a result, they put forward over 980,000 rational-
ization proposals which greatly raised the labour
productivity. Over 223,000 model workers have
emerged in the movements.
Following the restoration and development of
production, the material and cultural life of the
workers has been markedly improved. Up to the
end of 1952, the average wages of the workers and
staff memo rs throughout the country had increased
by 60 to 120 per cent as compared with 1949. In
1952 alone, the state spent 2,860,000 million yuan on
building living quarter:s for one million workers.
The Labour Insurance Regulations promulgated
in 1951 and amended at the beginning of 1953 provides
a preliminary solution. to the workers' problems of
childbirth, old age, sickness, death, injury, and dis-
ablement. Up to the end of 1952, over 3,800 enter-
prises were applying the Regulations, benefiting a
total of more than 3,200,000 workers and staff mem-
bers. In 1952 alone, the state spent 1,600,000 million
yuan on labour insurance.
During the past few years, the trade unions
have assisted the management in establishing 1.6,277
spare-time schools for cultural study and a number
of spare-time technical schools for workers, with
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nearly 3,100,000 workers attending. Some 124,500
workers have been promoted to posts of administra-
tive and technical cadres at various levels. Of these,
over 7,800 have become directors or deputy directors
of factories.
The Seventh All-China Congress of Trade
Unions held in May 2-11, 1953 summed up the
achievements and experiences of China's trade
unions during the past four years since the Sixth
All-China Congress of Labour, and defined that the
task of the trade unions in the period of planned
national construction is, under the leadership of the
Communist Party of China, to unite and educate the
workers and raise their political consciousness and
sense of organization; to consolidate the worker-
peasant alliance, and unite with the people of all
other strata to actively fulfil the national construc-
tion plan; and, on the basis of developing produc-
tion, to improve the workers' material and cultural
life step by step; and to strive for the early indus-
trialization of the country and its transition to
Socialism.
The Chinese working class takes as its great and
important international task the cause of consolidating
and developing the unity of the working people of
all countries, and defending the lasting peace in the
Far East and the whole world. The All-China Feder-
ation of Trade Unions has established friendly
relations with the working class of 50 countries
including the Soviet Union, People's Democracies,
and a number of capitalist, colonial, and dependent
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countries. During the past four years, it has sent
45 delegations to take part in the trade union
activities organized by the World Federation of
Trade Unions.
Liu Shao-chi, Honorary Chairman of the Feder-
ation, is one of the Vice-Chairmen and concurrent-
ly member of the Executive Committee of the
WFTU. Liu Chang-sheng, Vice-Chairman of the
Federation, is a secretary and council member of
the WFTU.
ALL-CHINA DEMOCRATIC WOMEN'S
FEDERATION
Honorary Chairmen:
Soong Ching Ling Ho Hsiang-ning
Chairman:
Tsai Chang
Vice-Chairmen:
Teng Ying-chao Shih Liang
Li Teh-chuan Chang Yun
Hsu Kuang-ping
The All-China Democratic Women's Federation
was founded on April 3, 1949, in accordance with a
resolution of the First All-China Women's Congress
held in Peking a month earlier. The Federation is
the highest leading body of the women's movement
in China.
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The Federation devotes itself to uniting the
women of all strata and nationalities to take an
active part in the construction work of the Mother-
land; safeguarding women's rights and children's
welfare; enhancing the political consciousness and
ability of women; securing equality between men and
women; striving for the complete emancipation of
women; and allying with all the peace-loving women
throughout the world to struggle for world peace.
The Federation has set up its working commit-
tee in each of the six Greater Areas, with branches
in all provinces, municipalities, and counties, and
maintained extensive contact with the women in
cities and villages through local women's representa-
tive conferences.
Besides, three democratic women's organizations
of a nation-wide scope, namely, the China Women's
Association, the Young Women's Christian Associa-
tion, and the Women's Christian Temperance Union
of China, are affiliated organizations of the Federa-
tion.
The Federation is a member of the Women's
International Democratic Federation. Soong Ching
Ling, Honorary Chairman of the Federation, was
awarded the 1951 International Stalin Peace Prize-
and is a member of the World Peace Council and
its Permanent Committee. Ho Hsiang-ning, Honorary
Chairman of the Federation, Tsai Chang and Teng
ying-Chao, Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the
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Federation respectively, are executive members and
council members of the WIDF.
On April 15, 1953 the Federation convened the
Second All-China Women's Congress in Peking,
which summed up the achievements and experiences
of the women's movement in China during the last
four years since the First All-China Women's Con-
gress, charted the policy and tasks of the future
women's movement in China, revised the Constitu-
tion of the Federation, and elected 125 executive
members and 28 alternate members in order to
strengthen the leadership of the Federation.
ALL-CHINA FEDERATION OF
DEMOCRATIC YOUTH
Chairman:
Liao Cheng-chih
Vice-Chairmen:
Chien Chun-jui - Chien San-chiang
Hsieh Hsueh-hung Sha Chien-li
The All-China Federation of Democratic Youth
was established by the First All-China Youth Con-
gress in Peking in May 1949. It is a united front
under the leadership of the Communist Party of
China and with the China New-Democratic Youth
League as its backbone, uniting the youth of all
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democratic classes, nationalities, and religions in
China. The Federation is affiliated with the World
Federation of Democratic Youth.
Through the convocation of youth congresses and
conferences, the Federation seeks to encourage
democratic life among the youth, and by means of
various other activities it endeavours to unite,
educate, and mobilize the youth for the task of
building the people's democratic China.
Under the banner of the WFDY, the Federation
keeps close contact with democratic youth organiza-
tions in other countries. It regularly acquaints them
with the achievements of the Chinese youth move-
ment and' sends delegates to take part in the activi-
ties of the world peace movement so as to consolidate
the unity and friendship between the youth of China
and the peace-loving youth throughout the world
in the cause of defending world peace.
At the Second Congress of the WFDY in 1949,
Liao Cheng-chih, Chairman of the Federation, was
elected Vice-Chairman and council member of the
WFDY, and Hsiao Hua and Chien San-chiang were
elected council members.
Up to now, the Federation has a membership of
over ten million, with 107 branches and preparatory
committees in major cities and provinces. The
Second All-China Youth Congress is scheduled to
convene in Peking in June 1953 which will sum up
its work in the past four years.
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ALL-CHINA STUDENTS' FEDERATION
Chairman:
Tien Teh-min
Vice-Chairmen:
Sung Hsi-heng Feng Yin-fu
Fang Kuang-yu Chang Wen-hao
Kuan Jo-luan Tung Hsueh-lung
Chen Chen-lei Tuohutiaili (Uighur)
The All-China Students' Federation was set up
by the 14th All-China Students' Congress convened
in Peking in March 1949. The task of the Federa-
tion is to unite the students throughout China, edu-
cate them to serve the people, master cultural and
scientific knowledge, and build up a strong physique
so as to become the defenders and builders of their
Motherland, and, together with the people of the
whole country, struggle for the complete realization
of New Democracy in China. The Federation also
pays attention to the improvement of students' wel-
fare.
The Federation has a membership of over 3,290,-
000, including college and middle school students of
all nationalities and religious beliefs in the country.
Its basic organizations are the students' associations
in the schools.
As a member of the International Union of
St_dents, the All-China Students' Federation plays
an active role in uniting the democratic youth all
over the world to struggle for a lasting peace and
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a people's democracy. At the Second Congress of
World Students held in Prague in August 1950, China
was re-elected to the vice-chairmanship of the IUS.
Delegates of the Federation have been sent to
take part in the IUS leadership. During the past
four years, the Federation has participated, in the
name of the Chinese students, in the many important
meetings of the IUS and the various activities of
world democratic youth.
In July 1951 the Federation called the 15th All-
China Students' Congress in Peking. The Congress
called upon all students in the country to unite more
closely under the banner of patriotism, and study
hard and prepare themselves physically strong so
as to march towards the goal set by Chairman Mao
Tse-tung-the building of a New-Democratic society
and the realization of Socialism and Communism in
China.
CHINESE PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE
FOR WORLD PEACE
Chairman:
Kuo Mo-jo
Vice-Chairmen:
Peng Chen
Secretaries-General:
Liu Ning-I
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The Chinese People's Committee for World
Peace was founded on October 2, 1949, at a confer-
ence of representatives from the democratic parties
and people's organizations of China. It has an Execu-
tive Committee of 158 members, among whom 31
are members of the Standing Committee. The China
Peace Committee has now grown into a mass organi-
zation with 3,159 branches scattered all over the
country. Its sub-branches have extended to all fac-
tories, villages, people's organizations, schools, and
government offices throughout the country.
In 1950 and 1951 the Committee launched the
nation-wide signature campaigns for the Stockholm
Peace Appeal and the Appeal for a Five-Power Peace
Pact respectively. As a result, 223,739,545 people
signed the Stockholm Peace Appeal, 344,053,057 sign-
ed the Appeal for a Five-Power Peace Pact, and
339,903,092 voted against the rearming of Japan by
the United States.
To safeguard peace in Asia and all over the
world, the Committee has played a leading role in
the Movement to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid
Korea.
Since its inception, the Committee has actively
participated in the various international conferences
and activities of the world peace movement. It also
rendered positive assistance to the Peace Conference
of the Asian and Pacific Regions held in Peking in
1952.
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k!40-SOVIET FRIENDSfft1'
ASSOCIATION
Chairman:
Liu Shao-chi
Vice-Chairmen:,
Soong Ching Ling Kuo Mo-jo
Wu Yu-chang Chang Lan
Shen Chun-ju Huang Yen-pei
Li Chi-shen
The Sino-Soviet Friendship Association was
founded in Peking on October 5, 1949. It is a mass
organization whose aim is to further and consolidate
the fraternal friendship and co-operation between
the Chinese and Soviet peoples, and to develop the
interflow of knowledge and experiences of the two
great nations. According to statistical data available
for January 1953, the Association has set up,branch-
es in every province, city, and county, with a total
membership of more than 68,000,000.
The Association has achieved much in carrying
out among the broad masses of all strata extensive
work of publicity and education on Sino-Soviet
friendship and on learning from the Soviet Union.
The Sino-Soviet Friendship, a periodical published
every ten days by the Association, has a circulation
of more than 300,000 copies. By the end of Septem-
ber 1952, the Association and its branches had pub-
lished 91 periodicals and 1,990 booklets, with a total
circulation of over 14,600,000 copies, had given 35,518
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cinema shows to a total audience of 87,700,000, and
had arranged 29,769 photographic exhibitions visited
by 81,400,000 people. In addition, they had opened
evening Russian language schools and arranged
Russian lessons over the radio, which prove to be
of great help to spare-tir.ne students.
In October 1949 the Soviet Delegation of Cultural,
Art, and Scientific Workers headed by Fadeyev and
Simonov came to China at the Association's invita-
tion to attend the ceremony of the founding of
New China and the Sino-Soviet Friendship Associa-
tion. In 1950 the Association invited a number of
famous Soviet scholars, such as Yudin, Chesnokov,
Askerov, Noozhdin, Kiselev, Boldyrev, and Makarova
to China who made lecture tours of the country.
The Sino-Soviet Friendship Month beginning
November 7, 1952 under the Association's auspices
was an occasion for publicizing Sino-Soviet friend-
ship on a scale never witnessed before and involved
the greatest majority of the population in this coun-
try. Lectures, forums, and exhibitions were arrang-
ed in various places, simultaneously with the Soviet
Film Month during which Soviet films were screen-
ed in more than 70 of China's large and medium-
sized cities and by the many film projection teams
organized by the Association. At the invitation of
the Association, the All-Union Society for Cultural
Relations with Foreign Countries of the U.S.S.R.
sent the Soviet Delegations of Cultural Workers, of
Artists, and of Cinema Workers, and the Soviet Army
Red Flag Song and Dance Ensemble to China to take
part in the Friendship Month activities.
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l
The Association, on the other hand, keeps the
So,.iet people informed about the struggle and con-
struction of the Chinese people by supplying them
with relevant books, periodicals, pictures, musical
records, etc. At the same time, it has established
contact with the organizations of fraternal countries
which aim at promoting friendship with the Soviet
Union, and exchanges books, periodicals, and experi-
ences with them.
CHINESE PEOPLE'S INSTITUTE
OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
Honorary President:
Chou En-lai
President:
Chang Hsi-jo
Vice-Presidents:
Chou Keng-sheng Chien Tuan-sheng
Chen Han-seng Chiao Kuan-hua
Hu Yu-chih
The Chinese People's Institute of Foreign Affairs
was established on December 15, 1949, as a people's
organization for academic research. Its aim is to
apply scientific method to the study of the theory
and practice of diplomacy and the study of interna-
tional problems, popularize international knowledge,
and make suggestions on foreign affairs to the Cen-
tral People's. Government in order to help it carry
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out the New-Democratic foreign policy of China.
The main work of the Institute is to conduct research
work and make reports on special topics, to call
discussion meetings, and to edit the People's Librartl
of Foreign Affairs for the purpose of giving system-
atic analyses of and reports on international prob-
lems. The Institute publishes a monthly, Translat-
ed Articles on International Q::estions.
The Institute has 264 members mainly resident
in Peking and Shanghai. A general membership
meeting is held once a year.
ALL-CHINA FEDERATION OF
LITERARY AND ART
CIRCLES
Chairman:
Kuo Mo-j o
Vice-Chairmen:
Mao Tun
The All-China Federation of Literary and Art
Circles was founded on July 19, 1.949, with the object
of uniting all patriotic and democratic literary and
art workers of China together with all the Chinese
people to struggle for the total elimination of the
vestige of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic
capitalism and for the development of China's New-
Democratic popular literature and art.
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In 1950 the Federation helped to establish liter-
ary and art organizations in various Greater Areas,
provinces, and cities throughout China. As a result
of the convening of congresses of literary and art
workers and the establishment of branches of the
Federation in various places, unity in basic policy
of literature and art was achieved. It was affirmed
that Chairman Mao Tse-tung's policy in the realms
of literature and art be adopted as a guide for all
literary and art workers. A united front in literary
and art work was established; literary criticism and
the popularization of literature and art and a popu-
lar literary and art movement were promoted; and
the development of the literature and art of national
minorities was encouraged.
The chief tasks of the Federation are to organize
the writers to take part in practical struggles, to do
creative work, study Marxism-Leninism and Mao
Tse-tung's teachings, develop criticism and self-
criticism in relation to literature and art, direct the
literary and art activities of the masses, and strength-
en the cultural ties between the Chinese people
and those of the rest of the world. .
Affiliated with the Federation are: All-China
Association of Literary Workers, All-China Associa-
tion of Music Workers, All-China Association of
Fine Arts Workers, All-China Association of Drama-
tic Workers, All-China Association of Dance Work-
ers, the Preparatory Committee of the All-China
Association for the Improvement of Folk-Songs,
Songs, and Minstrel Ballads, and all the federations
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of literary and art circles of the various Greater
Areas, provinces, and cities.
The organ of the Federation is the Literary
Magazine 'which is chiefly devoted to literary and art
theory and criticism. The organ of the All-China
Association of Literary Workers is People's Litera-
ture, a magazine of selected creative literary works.
Since October 1950, when the Chinese People's
Volunteers entered the fight against U.S. imperialism
in Korea, the Federation has carried out large-scale
propaganda work among the people through its
various constituent bodies. It has also organized
writers, musicians, and painters to go to the Korean
front where they may prepare themselves for crea-
tive work by learning from reality.
In co-operation with the Ministry of Cultural
Affairs, it has established an Institute of Literary
Research with the aim of training young writers.
President:
Li Teh-chuan
Vice-Presidents:
Peng Tse-min lfsiung Chin-ting
Lieu Oong-sung Woo Lan-sung
The Red Cross was first organized in China in
1904, when the Shanghai Chapter of the International
Red Cross was set up. In 1907, during the Mancha
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dynasty, its name was changed into the Great Ching
Red Cross Society. In 1911 it became the Red Cross
Society of China and was admitted to membership
in the International Committee of the Red Cross in
1912
All through its early histoiy and under the
Kuomintang, the Red Cross was controlled by feudal
warlords, corrupt politicians, landlords, and other
members of the ruling cliques. It was not until
after liberation that it began to function as a genuine
people's organization.
In March 1950 the Society applied to the Minis-
try of Public Health for help in reorganization. A
new 20-member Board was set up with Li Teh-
chuan, Minister of Public Health as President. Other
members were drawn from government, business
and trade union circles, women's organizations, and
cultural and medical groups. The Red Cross was
re-defined as an organization dedicated to serving
the people, helping the government to wipe out the
harm done by war, and acting as a relief agency.,
It was stipulated that the chapters should be re-
organized and the old members trained to work in
the new spirit. It was also stated that the Red
Cross should assist the Ministry of Public Health and
the People's Relief Administration of China to mobi-
lize mass strength to develop and carry out medical,
health, and relief work.
Since its reorganization, the Society has extend-
ed health service to the people in many respects:
lire setting up of many maternity and infant health
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centres, nurseries, and hospitals in cities; the train-
ing of midwives; the initiation of first-aid training
and the establishment of first-aid stations in factories,
schools, and villages; and the organization of medi-
cal corps for workers on the Huai River projects
and other great construction sites in China, and for
service in the areas of national minorities, and to
help them train their own medical personnel. Other
achievements include the dispatch of international
medical corps to render service to the people's armed
forces as well as the prisoners of war in Korea, and
to combat the germ warfare waged by the U.S.
government. In 1952 it raised donations for the re-
lief of famine victims in India and, in conjunction
with four other people's organizations, raised relief
funds for the flood victims of Britain, the Nether-
lands, and Belgium at the beginning of 1953.
The Red Cross Society of China is a member of
the Executive Committee of the League of Red
Cross Societies and has played an active part in
the meetings of the League Board of Governors
and its Executive Committee. Representatives of
China's Red Cross also attended the 18th Interna-
tional Red Cross Conference held in Canada in
July-August 1952.
CHINA WELFARE INSTITUTE
Chairman:
Soong Ching Ling
The China Welfare Institute was founded in 1938
by Soong Ching Ling (Madame Sun Yat-sen). Its
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main objectives. have always been to work for inter-
national co-operation and world . peace and to pro-
mote health, social welfare, and cultural advance
for the Chinese people.
During the War of Resistance to Japanese
Aggression, the Institute, then known as the China
Defence League, acted as the channel of support
from all over the world to the International Peace
Hospitals and the Bethune Medical College which
were set up in the resistance bases behind the Japan-
ese lines. These institutions have now become an
important part of the health service of New China.
The Institute assisted the work carried on by
Dr. Norman Bethune, famous Canadian surgeon, and
Dr. Dwarkanath Kotnis of India, who became
martyrs to the cause of the Chinese people and whose
names remain for ever as symbols of international
friendship.
At present the Institute is carrying on the
following projects: International Peace Maternity
and Child Health Hospital, nurseries for workers'
children, Children's Palace, Children's Theatre, and
Children's Epoch, which is a popular fortnightly for
primary school pupils..
In January 1952 the Institute launched a new
venture in international friendship, the English bi-
monthly magazine China Reconstructs. This maga-
zine chronicles the life of the Chinese people in
authoritative articles, interesting features, vivid
photographs, drawings, and charts. Its editorial
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board and contributors include internationally-known
experts in the fields of economics, education, the
arts and sciences, public health, and social welfare,
as well as noted authors and journalists.
CHINA COMMITTEE FOR THE
PROMOTION OF INTERNATIONAL
TRADE
Chairman:
Nan Han-chen
Secretary-General:
Chi Chao-ting
The China Committee for the Promotion of Inter-
national Trade was founded in Peking on May 4,
1952, shortly after the First International Economic
Conference in Moscow. It is composed of 17 mem-
bers of high standing, such as Nan Han-chen, Manag-
ing Director of the People's Bank of China; Chi Chao-
ting, Assistant Managing :Director of the Bank of
China; Ma Yin-chu, noted economist and President
of the Peking University; Liu Ning-I, Vice-Chairman
of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions; and
others. The Committee has as its objective the
implementation of the various resolutions of the
Moscow International Economic Conference and the
promotion of China's foreign trade.
Since its inception, the Committee has establish-
ed connections with its counterparts in nine coun-
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tries, including Britain and France, and with the
firms and enterprises of 36 countries; provided faci-
lities for the trade delegations from Japan, Ceylon,
Belgium, Egypt, etc.; and assisted in the trade nego-
tiations of Chinese trading organizations with foreign
trade representatives.
The Committee sponsored the Chinese exhibition
in the International Fairs held in Plovdiv (Bulgaria)
and Leipzig, drawing a total of more than 975,000
visitors. The Chinese Industrial Exhibition held in
the People's Republic of Mongolia in October 1952
was also crowned with success. In April 1953 the
Committee, in co-operation with the Commission
of the German Democratic Republic for the Promo-
tion of World Trade, held the Industrial Exhibition
of the German Democratic Republic in Peking. At
present the Committee is arranging for more econo-
mic exhibitions on China to be opened in Moscow
Stockholm, Djakarta, and Leipzig.
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UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES
IN PEKING
Name of University or College President
China People's University . . . . Wu Yu-chang
Peking University . . . . . . . . Ma Yin-chu
Tsing Hua University . . . . Chiang Nan-hsiang
Peking Normal University . . . . . Chen Yuan
Peking University of Agriculture . Sun Hsiao-tsun
Central Institute for Nationalities . . . . Ulanfu
Peking Institute of Politics and Law
Chien Tuan-sheng
Central Institute of Finance and
Economics . . . . . . . . Chen Tai-sun
(Vice-President)
Peking Institute of Foreign Trade . . Li Chiu-yeh
Peking College of Industry . . . . Wei Sze-wen
(acting)
Peking Institute of Iron and Steel
Technology . . . . . . . Wei Ching-chang
(Vice-President)
Peking Institute of Petroleum Engineering . . .
Peking Institute of Aeronautics . . . Yang Tai-fu
(Vice-President)
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 Approved
Peking Institute of Geology . . . . . Liu ffsing
China Institute of.Mining and Metallurgy . Chen Yu
Peking Railway Institute . . . . . . Li Hsin-po
(Vice-President)
Peking Institute of Mechanized Agriculture
Hsu Chueh-fei
Peking Institute of Forestry . . . Li Hsiang-fu
Central Institute of Fine Arts . . Hsu Pei-hung
Central Theatrical Institute . . ouyang Yu-chien
Peking Russian Language School . Shih Cheh
Foreign Languages School . . . Liu Chung-Yung
China Union Medical College . . . Li Tsung-en
Peking Medical College . . . . Hu Chuan-kuei
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 Approved
FOREIGN LANGUAGE PERIODICALS
PUBLISHED IN PEKING
Daily News Release: A daily bulletin (except Sun-
day) in English Published by the Hsinhua News
Agency, covering news about New China.
People's China: A fortnightly magazine issued in
Russian, English, and Japanese editions, contain-
ing articles, features, and pictures which deal
with a wide range of subjects about people's
China.
El Popola Cinio: A monthly magazine in Esperanto
covering life in New China.
China Reconstructs: An illustrated bi-monthly
magazine in English, devoted to economic, social,
and cultural progress in China, published by
the China Welfare Institute.
China Pictorial: A monthly issued in Russian, Eng-
lish, and Indonesian editions, showing New China
in pictures.
Chinese Literature: A quarterly in English devoted
to the translation of contemporary Chinese
literary writings.
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RADIO PEKING
Programme for Overseas Listeners
As of May 1953
Programme in
Peking Time
G. M. T.
Frequencies (KC/S)
Japanese
05:00-05:30
21:00-21:30
640, 6100, 10260, 11690
Japanese at Dictation
Speed
05:30-06:00
21:30-22:00
640, 6100, 10260, 11690
Korean
06:00-06:30
22:00-22:30
640, 6100
Cantonese Dialect
06:30-06:45
22:30-22:45
700, 11690, 15060
Ke-Chia Dialect
06:45-07:00
22:45-23:00
700, 11690, 15060
Indonesian
07:00-07:30
23:00-23:30
700, 11690, 15060
Viet-Namese
07:30-08:00
23:30-00:00
700, 11690, 15060
Thai
08:00-08:30
00:00-00:30
700, 11690, 15060
Chaochow Dialect
08:30-08:45
00:30-00:45
700, 11690, 15060
Amoy Dialect
08:45-09:00
00:45-01:00
700, 11690, 15060
Burmese
09:00-09:30
01:00-01:30
700, 11690, 15060
English
11:00-11:30
03:00-03:30
13625, 15060
Korean
16:00-16:30
08:00-08:30
640, 6100, 10260
English
17:00-17:30
09:00-09:30
640, 700, 6100, 7500, 9040, 10260, 11690, 15060, 15170
Ke-Chia Dialect
17:30-18:00
09:30-10:00
700, 11690, 15060
Amoy Dialect
18:00-18:30
10:00-10:30
700, 11690, 15060
Indonesian
18:30-19:00
10:30-11:00
700, 11690, 15060
Japanese.
19:00-19:30
11:00-11:30
6100, 11690, 15060
Cantonese Dialect
19:30-20:00
11:30-12:00
700, 11690, 15060
Viet-Namese
20:00-20:30
12:00-12:30
700, 11690, 15060
Standard-'Chinese
20:30=21:00
12:30, -13:00--
640,--700; ?6100,-7500;-9040--10280;--1.1690;--15060,- 151.70_
English
21:30-22:00
13:30-14:00
700, 11690, 15060
That
22:00-22:30
14:00-14:30
700, 11690, 15060
Burmese
22:30-23:00
14:30-15:00
700, 11690, 15060
Chaochow Dialect
23:00-23:30
15:00-15:30
700, 11690, 15060
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r?r
 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
Acta Scientia Sinica: An academic quarterly in rtus-
sian, English, French, and German, with articles
of comprehensive nature, published by the
Academia Sinica.
Chinese Medical Journal: A bi-monthly journal in
English published by the Chinese Medical Asso-
ciation.
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
(In the order of the dates of establishing
diplomatic relations with the People's
Republic of China)
EMBASSY OF THE UNION OF SOVIET
SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
5-2602
Address: 37, Tung Chiao Min Hsiang Tels. } 5-1845
5-4913
His Excellency V. V. Kusnetsov,
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
EMBASSY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
OF BULGARIA
Address: 3, Ta Yang Yi Pin Hutung Tels. 5-4044
f 5-0320
His Excellency Yanko Keryakov Petkov,
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
EMBASSY OF THE RUMANIAN PEOPLE'S
REPUBLIC
Address: 6, Tung Chiao Min Hsiang Tel. 5-1154
His Excellency Iacob Cotzoveanu,
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
EMBASSY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
OF HUNGARY
Address: 2, Tou Tiao Hutung, Tels. 5-3431
5-3432
Tai Chi Chang,
Tung Chiao Min Hsiang
His Excellency Safranko Emanuel,
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
EMBASSY OF THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Address: 6, Mao Erh Hutung Tels. 4-1778
4-0012
His Excellency Kwon 0 Dik,
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
EMBASSY OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK
REPUBLIC
Address: 55, Nan Chang Chieh Tels. 3-4430 3-4432
3-4431 3-2126
His Excellency Frantisek M. Komzala,
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
EMBASSY OF THE POLISH PEOPLE'S
REPUBLIC
Address: 20
Tung Chiao Min Hsiang
Tels. 1 5-0350
,
His Excellency Kiryluk Stanislaw,
5-0228
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
EMBASSY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
OF MONGOLIA
Address: 8, Hsi Ho Yen, Shih Cha Hai Tel. 4-3486
His Excellency Bajar Jargalsaihan,
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
THE DIPLOMATIC MISSION OF THE
GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Address: 3.11, Tung Chiao Min Hsiang Tel. 5-5556
His Excellency Johannes Konig,
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary,
Chief of the Diplomatic Mission
EMBASSY OF THE DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC OF VIET-NAM
Address: 26, Shih Chia Hutung Tel. 5-5288
His ' Excellency Hoang Van Hoan,
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Address: 32, Tung Chiao Min Hsiang Tel. 5-0466
His Excellency N. Raghavan,
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Address: 17, Ma Chia Miao, Tel. 5-2870
Pei Shuai Fu Yuan,
Tung Cheng
His Excellency T. Hugo Wistrand,
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
Address: 11-A, Nan Ho Yen Tel. 5-5183
His Excellency Alex Moerch,
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary
Address: 36, Tung Chiao Min Hsiang Tel. 5-0425
His Excellency U Hla Maung,
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
EMBASSY OF THE REPUBLIC OF
INDONESIA
Address: 53, Li Shih Hutting Tel. 5-5491
Mr. Izak Mahdi, Counsellor,
Charge d'Affaires ad interim
LEGATION OF THE SWISS
CONFEDERATION
Address: 8-C, Nan Ho Yen
His Excellency Clemente Rezzonico,
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
LEGATION OF TIIE REPUBLIC
OF FINLAND
Address: 3, Nan Ho Yen
His Excellency Helge von Knorring,
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary
EMBASSY OF PAKISTAN
Address: 9, Methodist Mission Compound, Tel. 5-0959,
2, Hou Kou, Hsiao Shun Hutung,
Hatamen Ta Chieh.
His Excellency Major-General N. A. M. Raza,
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
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 Approved For Release 2007/09/10: CIA-RDP83-00418R007700130003-9
A CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF
IMPORTANT EVENTS
September 21
The Chinese People's Political Consultative Con-
ference (CPPCC) is held in Peking on September
21-30. It proclaims the establishment of the People's
Republic of China; adopts the Organic Law of the
CPPCC, the Organic Law of the Central People's
Government of the People's Republic of China, and
the Common Programme cf the CPPCC; elects the
Central People's Government Council, with Mao
Tse-tung as Chairman, and the First National Com-
mittee of the CPPCC; proclaims Peking as the
capital of the country; and adopts the national
anthem and the national flag.
October 1
The Central People's Government Council holds
its first meeting. Mao Tse-tung, Chairman of the
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Central People's Government, Chu Teh, Liu Shao-
chi, Soong Ching Ling, Li Chi-shen, Chang Lan,
and Kao Kang, Vice-Chairmen of the Central Peo-
ple's Government, and other members of the Cen-
tral People's Government Council assume office.
The Central People's Government is thus established.
The Central People's Government Council
elects Lin Po-chu Secretary-General of the Council;
appoints Chou En-lai as Premier of the Government
Administration Council and Minister of Foreign
Affairs, Mao Tse-tung as Chairman of the People's
Revolutionary Military Council, Chu Teh as Com-
mander-in-Chief of the Chinese People's Liberation
Army (PLA), Shen Chun-ju as President of the
Supreme People's Court, and Lo Jung-huan as
Procurator-General. It accepts the Common Pro-
gramme of the CPPCC as the basic policy of the
Central People's Government; announces to the
governments of foreign countries that the Central
People's Government is the sole legal government
of China and expresses its desire to establish
diplomatic relations with them on the basis of
equality, mutual benefit, and mutual respect for
territorial sovereignty.
Nation-wide celebrations of the founding of the
People's Republic of China. In Peking, Chairman
Mao Tse-tung proclaims the establishment of the
Central People's Government of the People's Repub-
lic of China.
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October 2
The Government uf the U.S.S.R. notifies the
Central People's Government of its decision to
establish diplomatic relations with China. The
Soviet Union is the first nation to recognize the
People's Republic of China.
October 3
The U.S.S.R. establishes diplomatic relations
with China.
October 4
Bulgaria establishes diplomatic relations with
China.
October 5
Rumania establishes diplomatic relations with
China.
The Sino-Soviet Friendship Association is
established in Peking.
October 6
Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and the Democratic
People's Republic of Korea establish diplomatic
relations with China.
October 7
Poland establishes diplomatic relations with
China.
October 9
The First National Committee of the CPPCC
holds its First Session, which elects its Chairman
and Vice-Chairmen and the members of its Standing
Committee, the Chairman being Mao Tse-tung.
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October 13
The Central Committee of the China New-
Democratic Youth League adopts a resolution con-
cerning the formation of the Young Pioneers of
China.
October 16
The People's Republic of Mongolia establishes
diplomatic relations with China.
October 19
The Central People's Government Council ap-
points the Vice-Premiers and members of the
Government Administration Council and of its
various committees, and persons in charge of
ministries, commissions, and administrations, as well
as the president of the Academia Sinica, and
Managing-Director of the People's Bank of China,
and the Vice-Chairmen, members, Chief of General
Staff, and Deputy Chief of General Staff of the Peo-
ple's Revolutionary Military Council, etc.
October 27
The German Democratic Republic establishes
diplomatic relations with China.
November 15
Foreign Minister Chou En-lai cables the United
Nations, repudiating the claim of the so-called
delegation of the Kuomintang government to repre-
sent China at the UN.
November 16
The Trade Union Conference of the Asian and
Australasian Countries, sponsored by the Executive
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Bureau of the World Federation of Trade Unions,
is held in Peking on November 16-December 1. It
adopts a resolution for the establishment of the
WFTU Liaison Bureau for Asia.
November 23
Albania establishes diplomatic relations with
China.
December 2
The Central People's Government Council passes
the state budget for 1950; the organizational rules
of the people's representative conferences in pro-
vinces, municipalities, and counties; and names
October 1 as the National. Day of the Chinese Peo-
ple's Republic.
December 10
The Asian Women's Conference is held in Peking
on December 10-16.
December 16
Chairman Mao Tse-tung arrives in Moscow and
is received on the same day by Stalin.
January fi
The Government Administration Council adopts
the organizational rules of the people's governments
of provinces, municipalities, and counties.
Britain notifies China of its decision to establish
diplomatic relations with China.
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January 7
Ceylon and Norway notify China of their de-
cision to establish diplomatic relations with China.
January 9
The Republic of Israel notifies China of its
decision to establish diplomatic relations with China.
January 12
Afghanistan notifies China of its decision to
establish diplomatic relations with China.
January 18
The Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam establishes
diplomatic relations with China.
January 20
Premier Chou En-lai arrives in Moscow to take
part in the conference discussing relations between
China and the Soviet Union.
February 14
Conclusion in Moscow of the Sino-Soviet Treaty
of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance, the
Agreement on the Chinese Changchun Railway, Port
Arthur and Dairen, and the Agreement on the
Granting of Credit to the People's Republic of
China.
February.17
Chairman Mao Tse-tung and Premier Chou En-
lai leave the Soviet Union for China.
March 1
Conclusion of the Sino-Polish barter agreement
in Peking.
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June 16
Construction work on Chengtu-Chungking Rail-
way begins.
June 25
Directed by the U.S. aggressors, troops of
Syngman Rhee's puppet government of South Korea
launch an all-out drive on the territory north of the
38th Parallel. The Korean People's Army (KPA)
offers strong resistance, and rapidly passes over to
the counter-offensive.
June 27
Truman, President of the United States, an-
nounces U.S. armed intervention in the internal
affairs of Korea and the military occupation of
Taiwan which is a part of China. On the same day
the United States manipulates the UN voting
machine to wage aggression against Korea. The
scope of the Korean war is thus enlarged.
Juice 28
Chairman Mao Tse-tung, speaking at the meet-
ing of the Central People's Government Council,
strongly denounces U.S. aggression in Taiwan and
Korea. He stresses the solidarity of the people of
China and that of the whole world in the struggle
against all. U.S. provocations. On the same day
Foreign Minister Chou En-lai calls on the Chinese
people to fight for the liberation of, Taiwan.
June 29
The Central People's Government promulgates
the Trade Union Law.
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June 30
The Central People's Coverriment promulgates
the Agrarian Reform Law.
July 6
In a message to the UN, Foreign Minister Chou
En-lai denounces the resolution passed by the
Security Council to carry, out aggression against
Korea.
July 14
The China Peace Committee calls on the people
to take part in the "Oppose the U.S. Invasion of
Korea and Taiwan" campaign.
August 20
Foreign Minister Chou En-lai cables the UN, de-
claring China's support for the proposal. brought
forward by the Soviet Union at the Security Council
for a peaceful settlement of the Korean question.
August 24
In a cable addressed to the UN, Foreign Minister
Chou En-lai demands that the Security Council
punish the U.S. government for its armed invasion
against Taiwan.
August 27
Foreign Minister Chou En-lai lodges a protest
with Acheson, U.S. Secretary of State, against re-
peated intrusion and strafing by U.S. military air-
craft over Northeast China, and cables the UN
Security Council, demanding the punishment of the
U.S. government for its aggressive action.
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November 4
All democratic parties in China jointly declare
their full support to the voluntary aid rendered by
the Chinese people to Korea in resisting U.S.
aggression.
November 25
The KPA and CPV launch a counter-offensive
against the "all-out offensive" of the U.S. invading
forces.
November 28
At a session of the UN Security Council, Wu
Hsiu-chuan, special representative of the Chinese
People's Republic, denounces U.S. armed invasion
of Taiwan.
December 4
Foreign Minister Chou En-lai declares in a
statement that the proposed Japanese peace treaty
contained in the memorandum sent by the United
States to the Soviet Union in October completely
violates all. international agreements with regard to
the Allies' policy towards Japan.
December 28
The Government Administration Council orders
control over U.S. property and the freezing of U.S.
bank deposits in China. Regulations are also issued
with regard to the cultural, educational, and charity
organizations and religious bodies subsidized by the
United States.
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January 17
In reply to R. U. Arbelaez, Chairman of the
First Committee of the UN, Foreign Minister Chou
En-lai proposes a 7-Nation Conference including
China, the Soviet Union, Britain, the United States,
France, India, and Egypt to discuss the speedy con-
clusion of the Korean War.
January 29
Conclusion of the Sino-Polish barter agreement
for 1951 and agreements on payment, shipping, and
the interchange of mails, parcels, and tele-comnni-
cations.
February 13
The Government Administration Council an-
nounces the target of agricultural production for
1951: an increase of 7.1 per cent in grain production
and.36.9 per cent in cotton production over 1950.
February 26
The Government Administration Council pro-
mulgates the Labour Insurance Regulations.
March 14
The China Peace Committee, in response to the
call of the World Peace Council, calls on the people
to sign in support of a Five-Power Peace Pact and
to vote on the issue of rearming Japan. From April
to July, 344,053,057 signatures are collected while
339,903,092 votes are cast against Japanese rearma-
ment.
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April 18
The Government Administration Council pro-
mulgates the Provisional Customs Law.
May 1
Over 186,430,000 people throughout the nation
hold demonstrations in support of the Movement to
Resist U.S. Aggression and. Aid Korea and in op-
position to the remilitarization of Japan.
May 21
Pakistan establishes diplomatic relations with
China.
May 22
Foreign Minister Chou En-lai announces China's
support for the Soviet Union's Note of May 9 to the
United States concerning the proposal for an over-
all Japanese peace treaty, and denounces U.S. draft
peace treaty with Japan.
May 23
Conclusion of the Agreement on the Measures
for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet between re-
presentatives of the Central People's Government
and the Tibetan local government. Thus Tibet
becomes reunited with the Motherland.
June 21
Conclusion of the. Sino-Czechoslovak trade
agreement for 1951 in Peking.
July 1
Nation-wide celebration of the 30th anniversary
of the Communist Party of China.
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July 10
Korean armistice negotiations open at Kaesong.
September 2
Chairman Mao Tse-tung cables Stalin, celebrating
the sixth anniversary of V-J Day.
September 18
Foreign Minister Chou En-lai denounces the
joint U.S. and British draft Japanese peace treaty
as a violation of international agreements and there-
fore unacceptable.
October 1
. Celebration of the second anniversary of the
People's Republic of China.
October 12
Publication of the first of the four volumes of
Mao Tse-tung's Selected Works.
October 23
The First National Committee of the CPPCC
holds its Third Session in Peking on October 23-
November 1. and resolves to further the Movement
to Resist U. S. Aggression and Aid Korea and calls
for increasing production and practising economy.
November 6
The Red Cross Society of China protests against
the bombing of a POW camp in northern Korea by
a U.S. airplane on October 13, which caused eight
casualties among U.S. and British prisoners of war.
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January I
At the New Year celebration, Chairman Mao
Tse-tung calls on the nation to fight corruption,
waste, and bureaucracy.
January 9
The Northeast China People's Government de-
cides to build a forest shelter-belt for a length of
about 1,100 kilometres in the western part of North-
east China.
February 15
The Government Administration Council sets
the agricultural target for 1952: an increase of 8
per cent over 1951 in grain production and 20 per
cent in cotton production.
February 24
Foreign Minister Chou En-lai announces China's
support to the protest of Korean Foreign Minister
Bak Hun Yung against germ warfare waged in
Korea by the U.S. government.
February 29
U.S. aggressors spread. germ war to Northeast
China.
March 8
Foreign Minister Chou En-lai protests against
U.S. intrusion over Chinese territory and its germ
warfare in Northeast China.
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March 9
All democratic parties of China jointly protest
against germ warfare conducted by the U.S. govern-
ment.
March 13
U.S. government continues to wage germ war-
fare against Northeast China on March 13-21.
March 15
The Commission for Investigating the U.S. Crime
of Bacteriological Warfare, headed by Li Teh-chuan,
President of the Chinese Red Cross Society, is
formed.
State trading departments in Shanghai announce
cut in prices of over 10,000 commodities. Similar
cuts are subsequently made in other parts of the
country.
April 1
The Northeast China Group of the Commission
for Investigating the U.S. Crime of Bacteriological
Warfare makes public its report on the spreading
of germ-laden insects and infected objects in North-
east China by U.S. aggressors.
April 2
The Commission of the International Associa-
tion of Democratic Lawyers publishes the Report on
the Use of Bacteriological Weapons on Chinese. Terri-
tory by the Armed Forces of the United States.
April. 10
Publication of the second volume of Mao Tse-
tung's Selected -Works..
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April 12
Conclusion of the Sino-Soviet trade protocol for
1952 in Moscow.
May 1
Over 500,000 people in Peking hold a parade in
celebration of the International Labour Day. Among
the guests attending the celebration are delegates
from the WFTU, trade union delegations from the
Soviet Union and 18 other countries; government
delegations from Czechoslovakia, India, and Burma;
and delegates from Australia, Brazil, and 12 other
countries who attended the International Economic
Conference in Moscow.
May 4
A meeting in commemoration of the anniversa-
ries of the four cultural giants, Avicenna, Leonardo
da Vinci, Victor Hugo, and Nikolai Gogol, sponsored
by the China Peace Committee and six other organ-
izations, is held in Peking.
May 5
Foreign Minister Chou En-lai protests against
the U.S. announcement of the coming into effect of
the illegal separate peace treaty with Japan.
May 26
A contract for exporting 100,000 tons of rice from
China to India is signed in Peking.
June 1
Conclusion of the Sino-Japanese barter agree-
ment in Peking, involving the exchange of commodi-
ties to the value of 30 million pounds sterling.
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June 3
The preparatory meeting for the Peace Confer-
ence of the Asian and Pacific Regions opens in
Peking, with 45 delegates from 19 countries attending.
Proposals are made concerning the preparatory work
of the forthcoming Conference. The meeting .con-
cludes on June 6.
June 20
Chingkiang flood diversion project on the Yang-
tse River in Hupeh Province is completed after 75
days of arduous labour of 300,000 workers, involving
7,800,000 cubic metres of earthwork, 117,000 cubic
metres of concrete work, and the building of a
1,054-metre-long regulator, the biggest in this coun-
try.
June 27
The Government Administration Council pro-
mulgates a directive providing free medical service
for all public functionaries.
July 1
The Chengtu-Chungking Railway is opened to
traffic.
July 2
The construction work on the Chengtu-Tienshui
Railway begins.
July 11
Conclusion of the Sino-Polish trade protocol for
1952 in Warsaw.
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July .13
Foreign Minister Chou En-lai announces China's
recognition of the Geneva Convention of August 12,
1949, and of the Protocol for the Prohibition of the
Use of Asphyxiating, Poisonous, and Other Gases,
and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare of June
1925.
July 21
Conclusion of the Sino-Bulgarian trade agree-
ment for the exchange of goods and payments for
1952 in Sofia.
Conclusion of the protocol extending and revising
the Sino-Hungarian agreement on the exchange of
goods and payments for 1951 in Budapest.
July 30
Conclusion of the Sino-Rumanian agreement on
the exchange of goods and payments for 1952 in
Bucharest.
August 2
The second year's work of the Huai River Har-
nessing Project, starting on December 8, 1951, is com-
pleted before the flood season, involving 187,000,000
cubic metres of earthwork and 55,000 cubic metres of
concrete work.
August 4
Full agreement on the wording details of the
draft Korean armistice agreement is virtually reached
by the staff officers of both sides to the Karean armis-
tice talks. Thus, complete agreement has been
achieved on the entire Korean armistice talks except
for the question of POW repatriation.
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August 9
The Central People's Government promulgates
the General Programme for the Implementation of
Regional Autonomy for Nationalities of the People's
Republic of China.
August 17
The Central People's Government Delegation
headed by Chou En-lai arrives in Moscow. Stalin
receives Chou En-lai on August 20.
August 31
The signing ceremony for the Report of the Inter-
national Scientific Commission for the Investigation
of the Facts Concerning Bacterial Warfare in Korea
and China takes place in Peking.
September 15
The joint communique on the recent Sino-Soviet
negotiations in Moscow is made public concerning
the transfer of the Chinese Changchun Railway to
China and the extension of the term of joint use
of the Chinese naval base of Port Arthur.
September 21
Conclusion in Moscow of the Sino-Soviet-Finnish
agreement on the supply of ccmmodities in 1952
valued at 34 million rubles.
September 28
The Government Delegation of the Mongolian
People's Republic, headed by Prime Minister Y.
Tsedenbal, arrives in Peking.
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September 29
The Tienshui-Lanchow Railway is opened to
traffic.
October 1
The third anniversary of the People's Republic
of China is enthusiastically celebrated throughout
the country.
October 2
The Peace Conference of the Asian and Pacific
Regions is held in Peking on October 2-12, attended
by 367 delegates and 37 observers from 37 countries.
It passes the Appeal to the Peoples of the World,
the Address to the United Nations, resolutions on
the Korean question and the Japanese question, and
seven other resolutions.
October 4
Conclusion of the Sino-Mongolian Agreement on
Economic and Cultural Co-operation in Peking.
October 13
Conclusion in Peking of a trade contract for
selling 50,000 tans of Chinese rice to India.
October 17
The inauguration ceremony of the Tangku New
Harbour Project -held on the completion of its first
period work.
October 23
Conclusion of the Sino-Chilean trade agreement
in Peking.
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November 6
The Sino-Soviet Friendship Association announces
the Sino-Soviet Friendship. Month to be observed
throughout China beginning November 7.
November 15
The Central People's Government Council passes
a resolution concerning the establishment of ad-
ministrative committees for the Greater Areas, the
readjustment of the existing boundaries of some
provinces, and the abolition of sub-provinces.
November 20
The Kangting-Changtu section of the Sikang-
Tibet Highway is opened to traffic.
December 1
In reply to questions put forward . by the Hsin-
hua News Agency reporter, the spokesman of the
Central People's Government expresses China's
readiness to help the Japanese nationals in China
return to their homeland.
December 18
Conclusion of the Sino-Ceylonese Five-Year
Rubber and Rice Trade Agreement in Peking, where-
upon China shall sell rice to Ceylon in exchange
for rubber.
1953
January 1
The Peking People's Daily editorially announces
the beginning of the First Five-Year Plan of national
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construction and calls upon the people throughout
the country to fulfil and overfulfil the production
target for 1953.
January 2
The Government Administration Council adopts
the revised Labour Insurance Regulations of the Peo-
ple's Republic of China, which enlarges the scope of
benefits accorded the workers.
January 9
Conclusion of the Sino-Rumanian Technical-
Scientific Co-operation Agreement in Peking.
January 13
The Central People's Government Council adopts
the Resolution on the Convening of the All-China
People's Congress and the Local People's Congresses
at All Levels.
Stalin receives Soong Ching Ling, Vice-Chair-
man of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association, and
Kuo Mo-jo, Chairman of the China Peace Committee.
January 26
The 1953 Executive Plan for the Sino-Polish
Cultural Co-operation Agreement signed in Warsaw.
February 9
The 1953 Executive Plan for the Sino-German
Cultural Co-operation Agreement signed in Berlin.
February 12
The Central People's Government Council adopts
the state budget for 1953.
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February 22
The delegation of the Central People's Govern-
ment, headed by Premier Chou En-lai. visits the
Soviet troops garrisoning the Port Arthur-Dairen
Area.
March 1
The Central People's Government promulgates
the Election Law of the People's Republic of China
for the All-China People's Congress and the Local
People's Congresses at All Levels.
March 6
The Central People's Government orders the fly-
ing at half-mast of the national flags throughout
China for three days in mourning the death of
Stalin.
March 7
The delegation of the People's Republic of China,
headed by Premier Chou En-lai, leaves Peking for
Moscow to attend the funeral of Stalin.
March 9 .
Memorial meetings for Stalin are held all over
the country. In Peking over 600,000 people attend
the memorial ceremony.
March 15
Chairman Mao Tse-tung sends a message of con-
dolences to the Presidium of the Government of the
Czechoslovak Republic over the death of President
Gottwald.
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March 20
In accordance with the agreement concluded be-
tween the delegation of the Chinese Red Cross
Society and the delegation jointly organized by the
Japanese Red Cross Society and two other Japanese
institutions, the Japanese nationals in China who
desire to return to Japan begin leaving China in
groups.
March 21
Conclusion of the Sino-Soviet trade protocols
for 1953 in Moscow.
March 28
Marshal Kim Il Sung and General Peng Teh-
huai send a joint reply to Mark W. Clark, expressing
agreement to Clark's proposal for the exchange of
sick and injured prisoners of war during the period
of hostilities and proposing: that the Korean armistice
negotiations be resumed immediately.
March 30
Foreign Minister Chou En-lai puts forward new
proposals concerning the repatriation of prisoners
of war in Korea.
Conclusion of the Sino-Hungarian Barter and
Payment Agreement for 19,53 in Peking.
April 10
Publication of the third volume of Mao Tse-
tung's Selected Works.
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April 11
The agreement for the repatriation of sick and
injured captured personnel in Korea is concluded
at Panmunjom.
April 15
The Second All-China Women's Congress opens
in Peking.
April 26
The plenary session of the delegations of both
sides to the Korean armistice negotiations is resum-
ed. Our side puts forward concrete proposal for
implementation with regard to the settlement of
the entire question of the POW repatriation.
April 28
In reply to the International Committee of the
Congress of the Peoples for Peace, Foreign Minister
Chou En-lai expresses support for its proposal to
conclude a Five-Power Peace Pact.
April 30
Conclusion of the Sino-German Goods Exchange
and Payment Agreement for 1953 in Peking.
May .2
The Seventh All-China Congress of Trade
Unions opens in Peking, with 813 delegates attend-
ing. It defines the tasks of China's working class
in the new stage of planned construction of the
nation and amends the Constitution of Trade Unions
of the People's Republic of China. The Congress
concludes on. May 11.
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Map 7
Conclusion of the Sino-Czechoslovak Goods
Exchange and Payment Agreement for 1953 in
Peking.
Conclusion of the Sino-Czechoslovak radio agree-
ment in Prague.
May 11
The China Islamic Association is established in
Peking.
May 19
The China Hui' Cultural Association is establish-
ed in Peking.
Exchange of Notes on the implementation plan
of Sino-Hungarian Cultural Co-operation for 1953
in Peking.
May 22
Exchange of Notes on the implementation plan
of Sino-Bulgarian Cultural Co-operation for 1953
in Peking.
May 23
The French Trade Delegation headed by De Plas
arrives in Peking.
May 25
Conclusion of the Sino-Polish trade agreement
for goods turnover and payment in Peking.
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Jan. 1 New Year's Day.
Feb. Chinese Spring Festival.
May 1 International Labour Day.
Oct. 1, 2 Inauguration of the People's Republic of
China, October 1, 1949.
IMPORTANT MEMORIAL DAYS
Jan. 28 Japanese invasion of Shanghai, 1932.
Feb. 7 Warlords' massacre of railway workers in
Hankow, 1923.
Mar. 12 Anniversary of the death of Sun Yat-sen
\; (1866-1925).
May 4 Youth Day. The May Fourth Movement
which marked the beginning of the Chi-
1 This festival (the first day of the first moon of the
lunar calendar) usually falls in February and is a three-
day national holiday.
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nose New-Democratic revolution was in-
itiated by Chinese youth in 1919.
May 30 British imperialists' massacre of Chinese
people in Shanghai, 1925.
July 1 Foundation of the Communist Party of
China, 1921.
July 7 Anniversary of the outbreak of the War
of Resistance to Japanese Aggression, 1937.
Aug. 1 Formation of the Chinese People's Libera-
tion Army, 1927.
Sept. 3 Victory of the War of Resistance to Japa-
nese Aggression, 1945.
Sept. 18 Japanese invasion of Northeast China, 1931.
Oct. 10 Wuchang Uprising, which overthrew the
Manchu regime in 1911.
Oct. 19 Anniversary of the death of Lu Hsun,l
1936.
Dec. 9 Peking students' demonstration against
Japanese aggression, 1935.
1 Lu Hsun was a very popular and respected writer
and thinker who made outstanding contributions to the
anti-imperialist and anti-feudal cultural movement in
modern China.
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