RUMANIAN TRADE PUBLICATIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00415R012000010005-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 163
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 7, 2002
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: October 29, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

AY 94
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
al~x~ INFORMATION REPORT
COUNTRY Rumania
SUBJECT Rumanian Trade Publications
REPORT NO.
CD NO.
DATE DISTR.
-1'?'25X1 A-
29 Oct. 1952
25X1A
PLACE
ACQUIRE
DATE 0
I
NO. OF ENCLS. 3
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
25X1X
Attached are three Rumanian Trade publications which are being sent to you for
retention in the belief that they may be of interest to you. These publications
have previously been disseminated throughout ORR as Report No
25X1A
THIS DDGUTAEt?T F'TS All, EI1CL SURE ATTACHEII
Do NQT DETACH
FORM NO. 51.61
^NN'CLASSIFICAIONJ~ 'ST12Cr~
DISTRIBUTION
OCD/L 4a4 x I
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RUMANIAN CRUDE OIL
? high caloric power ? high inflammability tem-
perature ? amount of water and sulphur required
STATE ENTERPRISE FOR FOREIGN TRADE - BUCHAREST, STR. GABRIEL PERT Nr. 2
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CONTRIBUTION OF THE RUMANIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
TO DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
l HE Rumanian People's Republic carries on and develops its economy
according to plan. Industry, agriculture, trade and transport - in brief
all sectors which make up the country's economic activity - are organised and
guided towards achieving a steady rise in the productive forces of the State.
The planning of our economy enables us to expand harmoniously and simul-
taneously all sectors of activity. The objectives to be reached are fixed beforehand,
on the basis of an analysis which checks both requirements and potentials and
sets the pace of development of each sector and, therefore, of economy as a
whole.
During its three years of planned economy, the industry of this country has
reached a level of production exceeding twice and a half that of 1948, a great
many new industrial enterprises being set up.
The pace of development of Rumanian industry is shown by the fact that in
1951, the 195o production level was exceeded by 28 per cent and by the fact
that, during the first year of the Five- Year Plan, investments were double those
of 1949.
All-out industrial production by the end of the period of the Five- Year Plan
will be 244 per cent that of 1950, and 5 times that of 1948. This growth will be
mostly manifest in the increase of the means of production, with a view to elec-
trifying the country, mechanising agriculture, improving transport and developing
the light industry.
Investments will be steadily increased. By the end of the period of the Five-
Year Plan, they will be 300 per cent bigger than in 1949.
Concurrently with the growth of industry, most satisfactory results were also
obtained in the agricultural sector. The numerous Machine and Tractor Depots
set up during the past few years greatly contributed to the mechanisation of Ru-
manian agriculture, while the adoption of advanced agrotechnical methods made
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it possible for us to reap rich harvests and turn out high quality agricultural
products.
All-out production of the main cultures rose in 1951 as compared with 1950,
by 58.7 per cent for wheat, 29.7 per cent for maize, 32.4 per cent for sunflower
seeds and 126 per cent for sugar beet.
The Five- Year Plan calls for a more than double increase in the number of
Machine and Tractor Depots.
The areas in cereals and industrial plants are to increase by some hundred
thousands of hectares. This will leave large quantities available for supplying
industry with raw materials and catering for the towns and export.
Naturally, the economic development of the Rumanian People's Republic has
influenced foreign trade. As the country's economy developed during the two. one-
year plans and continues to develop at the same pace during the Five- Year Plan,
the country's foreign trade expanded and modified its structure.
As a result of the increase in production and of the growth of working pro-
ductivity, more and more goods, many lines of which are available for export,
were turned out. Especially favourable conditions for international trade were
thus created both as regards the usual items exported by this country-such
as cereals, oil products and timber - and new and more and more varied
products.
The new products are due to a rational use of raw materials and to the
turning to account of the country's natural wealth on an ever larger scale.
The sector of oil products, for instance, no longer confines itself to one or two
basic products, but is able to supply all the range of oil by-products for in-
dustrial, pharmaceutical and other uses. Apart from white spirit, motor oil and
oil coke, we are also able to supply lubricating oils, paraffin, ceresin, industrial
and pharmaceutical vaseline etc.
Chemicals which before the war represented o.6 per cent of the total exports - at
the same time representing 10 per cent of our imports - stand at a considerably better
ratio due to the development of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries which
turn to good use the abundant indigenous raw materials such as: wood, salt, animal
and vegetable extracts, natural gas, oil and ores.
This accounts for the fact that, apart from the traditional chemical export
products, such as caustic and calcined soda, sulphuric acid and alcohol, lead
minium, lamp black etc., long lists of new Rumanian chemicals and drugs are
offered today to foreign buyers.
All economic sectors show today an increase in the assortments turned out and
an improvement in production processes, making new products available for ex-
port. Apart from cement, plaster of Paris, salt and glassware, we now export china,
crystal, bleaching earth, marble, refractory products etc.
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As far as manufactured goods are concerned, leather, textile and fur
articles, as well as numerous metal products are already known and appreciated
abroad.
In the field of forestry and agriculture, we are now able to export larger quant-
ities of goods, of a greater variety and better quality.
The timber industry is developing steadily, new products being thus available
for export, among which we quote : veneer, furniture, casks, wood, pre-fabricated
houses, sports articles, shoe-lasts etc. - products which are in ever greater de-
mand abroad. Paper and paper products are also in great demand for export.
Foodstuffs such as vegetables, fruit, meat, cheese, selected wines, special pro-
ducts such as fruit juices, jam, compotes, biscuits, preserves, specialty drinks of many
kinds, variously packed, are also items of Rumanian export.
Rumanian folk art produces many articles in demand abroad such as: home-
spun fabrics, carpets, embroidery, wood-carvings, aragonite, silverware etc.
The fact that we are now able to export highly technical products such as tele-
phone apparatus, railway trucks, normal and narrow-gauge locomotives, is clear
evidence of the country's industrial development.
Moreover, imports have great prospects of developing. Our metal and steel
and iron industries import large quantities of iron and semi-fabricated articles
such as rolled plate and steel. The grand plan for the country's electrification
is an occasion for us to import appliances, cables and electric installations. The
numerous industries created in the country enable us to import the most various
installations, machinery, engines and apparatus.
The pace at which the import of appliances has increased is of great signifi-
cance.
The import of raw materials is likewise important as it is bound up with the
progress of some branches of the light industry, especially the textile and foot-wear
industries. Although this country is more and more able to feed these industries
with the required raw materials, the pace at which they develop and the steady
rise in the standard of living of the population afford us the possibility of importing
large quantities of cotton, wool, hides, dyes and tanning substances. As the health
and welfare of the working population is a constant concern in this country, we
are also interested in the import of large quantities of drugs and consumer
goods.
It is therefore quite plain that the intensive development of Rumanian eco-
nomy, together with industrial progress and the satisfactory results achieved in
agriculture, continuously increase the country's possibilities of cooperation as re-
gards both exports and imports.
The systematic development of the country's productive capacity and the in-
creasing pace of our economy are based, to a considerable degree, on the assistance
III
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granted us by the USSR and on the economic relations to mutual advantage
which have been established - as far as trade exchanges are concerned -with the
Soviet Union and the People's Democracies.
Our exchanges with the USSR have greatly increased, every year witness-
ing an increase in the volume of transactions as compared to the preceding year.
In 1949, these exchanges were 2.5 those of 1948 and in 1950, 30 per cent greater; in
1951, they increased by 50 per cent compared with the average level reached
in 1948-1951. Under the latest agreements, we receive from the USSR whole
factories and plants, machinery, rare raw materials and an important technical aid.
Our relations with the People's Democracies have also developed to a con-
siderable extent. In 1949, our trade with Czechoslovakia increased six times as com-
pared with 1948, while our trade with Poland rose in 1949 nine times compared
with 1945, and in 1950, 52 per cent as compared with the level already reached.
The distinctive features of the agreement concluded by the Rumanian Peo-
ple's Republic with the Soviet Union and the People's Democracies are their fair-
ness and the fact that they correspond to the requirements of the parties who are
thus ensured the means of carrying out their respective plans. Moreover, these
agreements call for an exchange of experience with regard to the standardisation
of goods, packing problems, manufacturing methods etc.
The State monopoly of foreign trade introduced in 1949 is an important factor
which directly supports the development of the foreign trade exchanges of the
Rumanian People's Republic, sets them their pace, gives them a direction and a
characteristic structure.
The State monopoly of foreign trade ensures to all trade exchanges of the
Rumanian People's Republic a stability which is, for her partners, a guarantee of
long-term possibilities of cooperation, freed from the influence of contradictory
interests or of sudden changes of direction. The foreign trade of the Rumanian
People's Republic is carried on by enterprises specialised in foreign trade which
ensures satisfactory transactions.
The State monopoly of foreign trade places at the disposal of our planned
national economy an instrument of work and activity which must carry on the
most active trade exchanges with foreign countries in order to fulfil its assignments.
That is why the development of trade exchanges on a footing of equality and
mutual advantage with all countries, all artificial barriers being removed, is un-
conditionally supported by the Rumanian People's Republic.
In this country, the people's masses, the economists and the organisations
and leading figures who manage the country's economy all agree as to the necessity
and possibility for developing international trade. The artificial barriers to world
trade are here considered as negative factors which bring about a decline in the
people's standard of living and go against the interests of the traders in the very
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countries which endorse, compulsorily, the blockade policy to the advantage of
only a handful of monopolists. Neither the experience gained throughout history,
nor the actual situation in the economy of West European countries, recommends
isolationism and the restriction of international trade.
The Rumanian People's Republic is one of the countries within the system
of socialist economy. As already stated, its economy is planned. The fact that
there are countries which manage their economy in accordance with different prin-
ciples cannot be a barrier to international exchanges whose development can and
must be one of the means of ensuring a peaceful coexistence to the two economic
systems.
The Rumanian People's Republic has repeatedly shown herself ready to
resume or extend trade relations based on equality and mutual advantage with
all countries. Whenever conditions have existed of equitable economic connections
with other countries, the Rumanian People's Republic has concluded trade agree-
ments with these countries and has had commercial transactions with any partner
actuated by a desire to carry them out under good conditions.
The trade agreements concluded by the Rumanian People's Republic with
Argentina, Austria, Switzerland, Finland, Italy etc., and the numerous trans-
actions effected in Europe, South America and the Middle East, are concrete
proof of this assertion.
The participation of Rumanian enterprises for foreign trade in various sample
fairs in Central and Western Europe, the presence of Rumanian brokers on fo-
reign markets and the talks, which traders from abroad carry on with our foreign
trade enterprises, all prove that serious trade exchanges may be established be-
tween our country and any partner eager to negotiate and conclude deals profit-
able to both parties.
Our business partners can derive considerable advantages from developing
exchanges with this country. The quality of the commodities, their appearance,
deliveries according to sample, the observation of the terms and conditions sti-
pulated in the contracts, absolute integrity, the substantial organisational struc-
ture, the financial power of Rumanian enterprises for foreign trade, and the pos-
sibility of making and carrying out deals uninfluenced by the fluctuations of prices,
all create advantageous business conditions for the partners of Rumanian enter-
prises for foreign trade.
The Moscow International Economic Talks afford a most favourable oppor-
tunity of engaging in practical disscussion of the means enabling us to develop
trade exchanges between our country and the other countries, especially the West-
European countries, by removing all barriers.
The country's economic development today enables the Rumanian People's
Republic to conduct large-scale trade exchanges with all countries. Both imports
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and exports have increased and their volume is further increasing as our national
economy develops.
The contribution of the Rumanian People's Republic to the development of
international trade is the contribution of a country in full swing of development,
that of a country whose continuous concern is to raise the standard of living of its
population.
Public opinion in the Rumanian People's Republic is greatly interested in the
debates to be held during the Moscow International Economic Talks, which is
quite natural as the development of international trade is considered by Ruma-
nian public opinion as a means of raising the standard of living of people the world
over and as a considerable contribution toward preserving and consolidating peace.
We feel sure that, alongside the participants from other countries, the
Rumanian participants will do their utmost to make a positive contribution to
the debates on the various problems and to achieve practical results.
We wish full success to the Moscow International Economic Talks.
VI
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ON THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC TALKS IN MOSCOW
Interview with GIIEORGIIE SAVIN, President of the RPR Chamber of Foreign Trade
and Member of the Preparatory Committee of the RPR at the Moscow International
Economic Talks
I. QUESTION:
Will you kindly tell us, what led to the calling of the Moscow
International Economic Talks, and what response this initiative
has met with abroad and in our own country?
ANSWER:
The second world war has brought considerable destruction
to mankind. In many countries production in the peace indus-
try declined considerably, and transport, finance and other
branches of economic activity were disorganised.
Many countries had to suffer in consequence of the war,
both in the West and East of Europe, some to a greater, others
to a lesser extent.
Once the war terminated, the task that confronted human-
ity was to restore what war had destroyed, to convert industries
to peace production and to resume trade relations broken off
or hampered by the state of war. It was commendable, there-
fore, that in addition to the efforts of each country, in its own
home activities, international cooperation and trade should be
intensified.
But, although the East European countries, headed by the
Soviet Union, who after the end of the war had immediately
proceeded to rehabilitate and, later, to expand their national
economy by cooperation and mutual assistance, and had al-
ways announced their sincere desire to cooperate with the West
European countries, the development of trade between them
proved impossible. Moreover, discriminations of all kinds im-
posed on the West European countries by the American mo-
nopolies pursuing a policy preparatory to a new world-war led
to a considerable reduction of trade between East and
West,
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The West-European countries are the first to suffer in con-
sequence of this policy of discrimination, and the results are
only too obvious in the deficits of the balance sheets of trade
and payments of Britain, France, Holland, Belgium, Italy,
Switzerland etc.
Commercial intercourse as desired and deemed necessary,
both by the West-European and by the East-European coun-
tries, can and must develop so as to contribute to the reha-
bilitation and development of the respective countries, since
the necessary conditions for developing such commercial inter-
course exist.
Indeed, both the Eastern and the Western countries
possess products which they could exchange with one
another on an equitable basis, to the mutual benefit
of their national economies. And gradually as the East
European countries develop industrially and agricultural-
ly, commercial interchange could grow on an ever larger
scale.
For the West European countries, intensified interchange
of trade would settle their problems of markets abroad and
home supplies, would lighten to some extent the economic
and social difficulties under which they struggle, such as un-
employment, bankruptcies, falling living standards etc., and
would restore entire branches of production which today are
stifled by war production.
As concerns our own country, its potentialities for trading
with West Europe are now more substantial than ever. Thanks
to the planned development of her economy, the R.P.R. is
in a position to import and export a wide variety of products
of interest to all the countries of West Europe. More than
that, these increased possibilities are not stationary, but are
growing every year. In accordance with the Five-Year
Plan for economic development, Rumania, from an agri-
cultural country should become an advanced industrial and
agricultural State and be able greatly to expand her interna-
tional trade.
Similar potentialities of foreign trade exist in the rest of
People's Democracies.
By considering the two lines of interests, those of the West-
ern countries on the one side, and of the Eastern countries
on the other, the idea was born of an economic assembly which
should discuss the possibility of convening international economic
talks.
Such an assembly, attended by delegates from various
countries, took place in October 1951 in Copenhagen, where
it was decided to convene international economic talks in
Moscow, in April 1952.
The news of the Moscow Talks met with great res-
ponse, both within the world's business circles - merchants,
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industrialists, economists, planning experts, cooperators,
trade union members etc., and among the nations. In USSR
as in Britain, in France as in the Chinese People's Repu-
blic, in Italy as in the Czechoslovak Republic, in Sweden
as in the Polish Republic, - in brief everywhere the need
is being stressed for the development of trade intercourse
among the countries of the world. In this country, too, the
news of the International Economic Talks to meet in
Moscow, was received with interest, since we, too, wish to
entertain trade relations on an equitable footing with all
countries.
II. QUES'T'ION:
What stage have the preparations for the participation of
our country in the Moscow International Economic Talks
reached at present?
ANSWER:
The Committee set up in this country for the work preli-
minary to participation in the Moscow International Economic
Talks is formed of leading representatives of Rumanian eco-
nomic life.
Chairman of the Committee is University Professor Alexan-
dru Barladeanu, member of the International Initiative Com-
mittee for the Convention of the International Economic Talks
and Minister of Foreign Trade. The Committee further includes
Constantin Agiu, President of the Central Union of Con-
sumer Cooperatives, Stelian Moraru, Secretary of the Ge-
neral Confederation of Labour, University Professor Barbu Za-
harescu - professor of Political Economy at the Bucharest C.
I. Parhon University, University Professor Manea Manescu,
General Director of the Central Board of Statistics, University
Professor Petre Balaceanu, Vice-Chairman of the State Plan-
ning Commission, Ilie David, President of the Central Union
of Artisans' Cooperatives, University Professor Marin Lupu,
Vice-President of the Bank of R.P.R. (State Bank), Engineer
Vicol, Director of the < Agroexport > Enterprise, Niculae An-
ghel, Director of the < Industrialimport > Enterprise, Ghija
Stefan, Director of the < Steagul Ro?u > works in Stalin
City.
The Committee has taken the initiative to organise public
discussions in Bucharest, Cluj, Timi?oara, Ia?i, Stalin City
and Ploe~ti, within the framework of which both Committee
delegates and representatives of central and local economic
circles should expound the aims of the Talks,
The Rumanian Press and Radio permanently support the
Committee in its work,
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III. QUESTION:
In the light of this country's present state of development
what are, in your opinion, the prospects offered to the Ruma-
nian People's Republic by the Moscow International Economic
Talks ?
Rumanian national economy is in full transformation and
development. Rumanian industry is in speedy ascent, agricul-
ture is in course of mechanisation, our transports are better
and better equipped and the living standard of the population
is steadily improving.
The progress of Rumanian economy is reflected both by
the volume of production and by the variety of products.
In 1949, industrial output surpassed the 1948 figure by
over 40 per cent; in 1950, it surpassed that of 1949 by 37.3
per cent; in 1951 gross industrial output surpassed 1950 by
28.7 per cent.
Rumanian agriculture had its yield per hectare increased;
numerous new species of industrial and medicinal plants, qua-
lity vegetables and fruits are now grown on a large scale, pro-
viding the necesary raw material for our industries.
Rumanian forestry furnishes high quality raw material to
the woodwork, building, furniture and other industries.
Our export potentialities have developed in the same ratio
as our economy. Besides the customary items of Rumanian
export, such as grain, oil products, timber, Rumania can now
offer additional items of the most varied assortments.
Moreover, the all-round development of Rumanian eco-
nomy leaves over ever greater quantities of the customary
Rumanian export items available for export and, at the same
time, creates ever increasing demands for import items,
such as industrial, agricultural, woodwork equipment and
others.
The most-effective aid in the development of Rumanian
economy is rendered by the continuously growing amount of
trade and economic transactions with the USSR and the Peo-
ple's Democracies. In this respect, the Soviet Union with her
well-known immense industrial resources has been and still
is of continuous and effective assistance to us.
The major advantage of these economic relations is that
they operate with fullest respect for our national sovereignty
and stand on the basis of mutual interest.
We are desirous of developing cooperation with all other
countries in the world, on the basis of an equal footing and
mutual advantage, for our continuously developing economy
can ensure a volume and variety of trade still larger than what
has been achieved until now.
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Therefore, whenever equitable trade relations have proved
practicable, we have concluded trade agreements, as, for example,
with Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Finland, Argentina etc.
The development of foreign trade relations based on an
equal standing and mutual advantage with all countries in the
world and the elimination of every artificial hindrance thereto,
finds an unconditional support in this country.
The Moscow International Economic Talks, whose aim is
to contribute to the development of trade between countries
of different social and economic systems, will doubtlessly be
an important step forward on the road of expanding inter-
national trade relations.
IV. QUESTION:
If the exchange of goods is to the advantage of all countries,
we beg to ask, who particularly hinders such international
cooperation?
It is no longer a secret to anybody that it is the United
States monopolies that prevent the normal development of
peaceful economic relations between the Western and Eastern
countries.
It is no news to anybody why the USA monopolies act
in this way. It is a well-known fact that, in their desire to domi-
nate the world, the USA monopolies raise all kinds of arti-
ficial barriers to trade relations between countries.
Greater and greater barriers have been successively put
up by the Marshall Plan, the Atlantic Pact and the Kem and
Battle bills.
It is against these obstacles that the economic circles in the
Western countries are now voicing their protests.
I will quote a few of the more recent among these protests :
Gunnar Myrdal, Executive Secretary of the UNO Economic
Committee for Europe, made the statement that H Western
Europe would have to choose between economic bankruptcy
and the resumption of trade with the East European countries >.
The British newspaper < Times > of July 30, i95i, writes
in reference to USA discriminations : ((It will mean that Bri-
tain must forego fodder and timber from the USSR, because
she is unable to export goods that are not prohibited by the
American definition. Such measures will place Britain in a
bad position, at the mercy of the USA authorities)).
The widely-circulated New York Times* in publishing
a report from Geneva, in its issue of August 25, i95i, wrote:
((Europeans are sick and tired of instructions from the Ameri-
JAI
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cans as to the commodities and persons with whom they have
a right to trade >.
Likewise, the USA journal ((United Nation World > pu-
blished an article by Shawcross, former British President of
the Board of Trade, in which the latter stated: # Trade between East-
ern Europe and Western Europe has always been a regular
and important feature of Europe's economy. Eastern Europe
remains our only source of obtaining a series of materials >.
I could quote many other such statements revealing the
opposing views held by the economic circles of Western Europe
and those of USA which hinder a normal development of trade
relations with the East.
In conclusion, I must express my conviction that the
Moscow Talks will contribute to the development of inter-
national economic relations and that it will find ways to help
improve living conditions for mankind through peaceful co-
operation among all economic circles throughout the world,
irrespective of their social and economic systems.
XII
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RUMANIAN PRESS AND BROADCASTING STATIONS
COMMENT ON THE MOSCOW INTERNATIONAL
ECONOMIC TALKS
Reflecting the deep interest Rumanian public opinion takes in
the Moscow International Economic Talks, the press of the Rumanian
People's Republic published numerous articles on the various aspects
of the problems to be discussed during these talks.
k The press devoted particular attention to the problem of peaceful
co-existence of the two economic systems - the socialist and the capi-
talist systems.
In an article headed e The Moscow In-
ternational Economic Talks)), the newspaper
t Scdnteia a pointed out in part that:
K The very fact that the Soviet Union hos-
pitably shelters these talks makes the atti-
tude of the Soviet Government and peoples
on this matter quite plain. # Our connections
with capitalist countries - Comrade Stalin sta-
ted in 1927 - are based on the recognition of
the co-existence of the two opposed systems. *
And in 1939, Comrade Stalin declared: n We
stand for peace and the strengthening of
business relations with all countries >. In pur-
suance of these teachings of Comrade Stalin's,
the Soviet Government concluded a great many
agreements and commercial transactions with
the capitalist States, whenever the latter have
adopted, in their negotiations, the principle of
mutual advantage. At present, the USSR has
greater possibilities to carry on trade relations
with foreign countries than in the past. a Now-
adays - Comrade Beria stated in the report he
made on November 7, 1951 - we have far
greater possibilities to establish business relations
with capitalist countries.
MEN IlaPra
Dealing with the same problem, the newspaper
4 Romdnia Liberd n wrote in an editorial headed
d Preparing for the Moscow International Eco-
nomic Talks *:
x The stupendous development of the eco-
nomy of the Soviet Union and the great successes
achieved with the assistance of the Soviet
Union by the People's Democracies as re-
gards economic development have made of
these countries important suppliers and buyers.
The Soviet Union can supply the countries which
require to have their economy developed with
machinery and whole installations similar to
those delivered under most advantageous con-
ditions to the People's Democracies. Moreover,
Poland and Czechoslovakia can also export the
products of their industry. The Soviet Union,
Hungary and Rumania are able to supply
foodstuffs and building timber - products
which the working population in the capitalist
countries stand in great need of, as the shortage
of foodstuffs and housing is becoming ever
greater there.
ATA SYNDIC
Analysing the great popularity which the
notion of resuming and developing trade relations
with the Soviet Union and the People's Demo-
cracies enjoys in capitalist countries, the news-
paper < Viala Sindicald a writes the following, in
the article a Closer~; International Economic Rela-
tions -a Factor of Progress and a Guarantee
of Peace e
< (Under pressure of the people's masses
and prompted by business quarters eager to
strengthen international economic relations, a
breach has been forced in the blocade insti-
tuted in capitalist countries against the Soviet
Union and the People's Democracies. Some
governments have concluded agreements with
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the Soviet Union and the People's Democracies.
The Soviet Union last year concluded com-
mercial trasactions with Britain and France
while our country did the same with Swit-
zerland, Finland, Italy, Austria and Argen-
tina.
The fact that the press the world over dis-
cusses with great interest the problems raised
by the expansion of economic relations between
the States of Western Europe, America and
Asia on the one hand and the USSR, the
Chinese People's Republic, the People's De-
mocracies and the German Democratic Re-
public, on the other, is the direct result of the
practical preparations for participating in the
Moscow International Economic Talks.
UN! EA51lL
In an article headed , the news-
paper e Universul u deals, among other things, with
the considerable economic development of the So-
cialist countries and the flourishing state of foreign
trade in these countries:
o The Soviet Union, the People's Demo-
cracies and the Chinese People's Republic -
it is stated in this article - are good partners
in business relations and give proof of deter-
mination and eagerness to effect as many as
possible goods exchanges with the other States,
on a footing of equality and mutual advan-
tage. International business quarters know full
well that these countries strictly observe
agreements. The market in the countries of
planned economy is firm, free from surprises
or crises. The rapid development of the eco-
nomy of the USSR and the People's De-
mocracies enable these countries to keep up
more and more extensive and complex com-
mercial relations with the other States.*
nmania Iibpri
Apart from editorial articles, the newpapers
of the Rumanian People's Republic also published
articles by outstanding figures in the economic
and financial life of the country.
Thr newspaper ((Romania Liberdu published
in its issue of January 29, 1952, an article
headed e International Economic Cooperation-
an Important Factor in Preserving and Con-
solidating Peace)), by Gheorghe Savin, Presi-
dent of the Chamber of Foreign Trade of the Ru-
manian People's Republic, and member of the
XIV
Preparatory Committee for the Moscow In-
ternational Economic Talks.
After pointing out that the wise Stalin policy
of keeping up economic relations on a footing of
strict equality with all countries is also carried on
by the People's Democracies, among which the
Rumanian People's Republic, the author continues :
((Following upon pressure by the United
States, an artificial barrier has ben raised dur-
ing the last few years against normal, tradi-
tional relations between Eastern or Western
countries. The artificial nature of this barrier,
the impossibility of keeping it up are made
manifest by the difficult economic situation
prevailing in the countries of Western Europe
- a result of the deterioration of commercial
relations with the East. >
Expressing his confidence that the Moscow
International Economic Talks < may prove a
big stride onward in the development of interna-
tional economic relations >, the President of the
Chamber of Foreign Trade of the Rumanian
People's Republic deals with the stand taken by
the Rumanian People's Republic on the issue
of international trade:
e Numerous facts are evidence of our wish
to cooperate with other countries in the eco-
nomic sphere. The participation of our Peo-
ple's Republic in the international fairs or-
ganised in capitalist countries is one proof
in support of this contention.
At the international fair in Vienna and Milan,
for instance, the Rumanian stands were highly
appreciated by visitors and the specialised press.
Moreover, the recent conclusion by our Govern-
ment of trade agreements with Italy, Swit-
zerland, Argentina and other capitalist coun-
tries, is another conclusive proof of its wish to
cooperate economically with all countries.
That is why the Rumanian working people
hail the initative of organising International
Economic Talks, which they look upon as
a practical means to consolidate world peace
the author winds up his article.
The stand taken by Rumanian cooperators
on the issue of international economic coopera-
tion is enlarged on by Constantin Agiu, Pre-
sident of the Central Union of Consumer
Cooperatives and member of the Preparatory
Committee for the Moscow International Eco-
nomic Talks.
In an article headed 41 Role of Cooperation in
Promoting International Economic Cooperation >,
published in the newspaper a Romania Libera >,
Comrade Constantin Agiu writes in part:
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((Rumanian cooperators hail the Moscow In-
ternational Economic Talks, because they en-
dorse any initiative designed to establish and
develop normal economic relations between our
country and any other country, provided mu-
tal interests and national independence and
sovereignty are observed. They are ready to
effect commercial transactions with coopera-
tors' organisations in capitalist countries, offer-
ing the produce of millions of private peasant
farms disposed of through cooperatives, the
products of thousands of small craftsmen, of
disabled ex- servicemen's cooperatives and of
our developing collective farms, in exchange of
products which our country is to import from
abroad.
On the eve of the Moscow International
Economic Talks, Rumanian cooperators are
bending all their efforts on strengthening their
organisations and making them prosper. They
welcomed the recent currency reform car-
ried out in this country, for it has placed at the
disposal ".0f cooperators a new, consolidated and
powerful currency, which will enable us to
broaden and expand the exchange of goods
between towns and villages in all spheres. By
contributing to the development of our eco-
nomy and raising the prestige of the Rumanian
o leu a abroad, the currency reform has created the
conditions required for extending our international
trade. Together with millions of working people
in this country, Rumanian cooperators most
resolutely support the initiative of establishing
the closest possible economic relations between
Eastern and Western Europe, confident that
progress will thus be achieved in promoting
peace.))
fm~indusnuB
University Professor Manea Mdnescu, member
of the Preparatory Committee for the Moscow
International Economic Talks, deals with the pro-
blems of economic relations between countries in
an article published in the magazine a Contem-
poranul)) under the heading a The Moscow In-
ternational Economic Talks, a Means of Raising
the People's Standard of Living and Promoting
Peace )).
Dealing with the cause which has brought
about the severing of economic relations between
the various States, the author of this article writes:
e In the post-war years, certain leading U.S.
quarters carried on a relentless campaign to
suppress international exchanges between East
and West with a view to estranging the two
worlds, to breaking off all relations between
them and to preparing an atmosphere favour-
able to their own warlike plans. The pressure
exerted by certain leading U.S. quarters caused
a bill to be passed prohibiting the export
to the USSR and the People's Democracies
of 313 types of products comprising 1700
categories of articles and goods, under the
threat of withdrawing any sums of money
granted to the West-European countries which
will continue to trade with the East. This
severing of trade relations has brought serious
economic difficulties on many Western coun-
tries. The aggravation of the financial chaos,
the perturbation in international financial rela-
tions, necessarily influenced their national
production, the employment of manpower in
these countries, their productive capacity and
consequently, the standard of living of the
population, which has lately marked a disas-
trous decline. >
The author of this article then points out
that
The Moscow International Economic Talks
are a suitable occasion to promote commercial
and other economic relations between the
various States.
As they aim at finding practical possibilities
of developing economic cooperation, these eco-
nomic Talks will doubtlessly contribute to a
considerable degree toward relieving the ten-
sion in the international situation, thus pro-
moting the cause of peace and raising the peo-
ple's standard of living )), the article winds up.
7 ia r 111' o
ORGAN CENTRAL AL UNIUNII TINERETULUI MUNCITOR
In its issue of February 22, 1952, the
newspaper R Scdnteia Tineretului)) published
an article headed e The Moscow International
Economic Talks)) by Ilie David, President of
the Central Union of Artisans' Cooperatives and
member of the Preparatory Committee for the
Moscow International Economic Talks.
Dealing among other things with the remark-
able economic development of the countries in
the camp of Socialism - an important factor in
the creation of a flourishing foreign trade - the
author of this article writes:
a The countries in the camp of Socialism
and democracy are not and can never be sub-
ject to economic crises. Having gloriously
built Socialism, the peoples of the Soviet Union
are now proceeding successfully to achieve
Communism. With the support of the USSR,
the peoples of the countries of people's demo-
cracy, having successfully implemented the two
one-year plans for 1949 and 1g5o and fulfilled
XV
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their assignments under the first year of the Five-
Year Plan for expanding the national economy,
are now enthusiastically advancing along the
road of building Socialism. The decision of our
Party and Government on the carrying out
of the currency reform and the price cuts is
one more step along the road of expanding
our national economy. With the continuous and
ungrudging support of the great Country of
Socialism, our people are creating ever better
living conditions, our national economy is
developing and we are able to carry on interna-
tional economic trade successfully.
* *
Apart from the articles published in our press,
Rumanian broadcasting stations devoted parti-
cular attention to the problems to be discussed
during the Moscow International Economic Talks.
In the course of a talk with University Profes-
sor Barbu Zaharescu, an editor of our broad-
casting stations asked him a few questions about
the Moscow International Economic Talks.
Barbu Zaharescu said with reference to the aim
pursued by the Moscow International Economic
Talks:
We who are guided by the teaching of
Lenin and Stalin do not harbour the least
doubt as to the possibility of a peaceful coexist-
ence of the socialist and capitalist systems. But
this must be made plain to broad sections
of public opinion in capitalist countries, by
exposing the systematic propaganda carried on
by the warmongering quarters which claim that
co-existence is not possible. >
On being asked about the way in which
our economic experts could contribute toward
preparing the Talks, Professor Barbu Zaha-
rescu answered:
The economic experts will have to do their
best to find and make practical suggestions that
may bring about peaceful cooperation between
the various countries, and the development of
economic relations. Moreover, economists will
have to make the role and the significance of
the Moscow International Economic Talks
plain to the masses in this country.
In an article read over the radio, Constantin Agiu,
President of the Central Union of Consumer Co-
operatives pointed out the following:
The peoples' masses the world over are
watching with keen interest the preparations
for the Moscow International Economic Talks.
It is quite natural that the hundreds of millions
of people who, by their signatures, asserted
their decision to struggle for the conclusion of a
five-power peace pact, should consider all efforts
designed to establish normal economic relations
between East and West as a means of warding
off to a certain extent the new threat of war
hovering over their children's heads.))
Apart from various articles, our newspapers
and broadcasting stations dealt with the problems
raised by the International Economic Talks,
giving news, feature reports, consultations
etc, reflecting the interest which Rumanian
public opinion evinces in the expansion of
international trade relations.
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A
0 fl
C
Eji
BULLETIN PUBLISHED BY THE CHAMBER FOR FOREIGN TRADE IN THE RUMANIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
Contents
The Value of the Commercial Engagements Entered into
by State Enterprises ................................ 4
The Oil Industry .................................... 6
Rumanian Marble .................................... 12
Rumanian Salt Export . .............................. 16
Hunting and the Export of Venison .................... 22
Farinaceous, Starchy and Sugar Products for Export ...... 28
Development of the Rumanian Fur Industry (Fur and
Skin Articles) ...................................... 32
Rumanian Carpets . .................................. 34
No. 7
April
1952
Editorial office: TILE CIIAMBER FOIL, FOREIGN TRADE IN THE R.P.R.
It o e It a r e s t, S t r a it a A r in e n e a s c it No. 31, T e I e p h o n e 1.69.97
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TIlE VALUE. OF THE CO\1MERCIAL ENGAGEMENTS
ENTERED INTO ICY STATE ENTERPRISES
a country like the Rumanian People's Republic which
is energetically pursuing a rapid industrialisation that it
might offer a prosperous life to its working population by
means of a continuous increase in production, foreign trade
plays an important part.
lnaeea, craae exchanges with foreign countries enable our
young Republic to complete by import its requirements of
materials and equipment which are growing ever greater, and
to export more and better quality goods due to the same rapid
industrialisation.
It should be pointed out that industrialisation generally
would not have been possible without consolidating the
State's political and social foundations and without the disinterested and decisive aid of the USSR
an aid which pursues the development of a backward country from an industrial standpoint,
and the strengthening of its economic and political independence.
In order to be able to fulfil the ever more important tasks assigned to it by its foreign trade, the
Rumanian People's Republic, like the other People's Democracies, introduced three years ago the
State monopolies --founded on the rich experience of the Soviet Union.
Consequently, all the import and export transactions of the country have been entrusted by the
Ministry of Foreign Trade to eleven large enterprises specialised in their particular branches. It is,
therefore, these enterprises which carry out the country's import and export plan.
After an experience of three years of planned economy, there are a few aspects proving the superior-
ity of State-controlled foreign trade and showing the advantages of the engagements entered into
by a State enterprise for foreign trade from the point of view of the dealers (sellers and buyers) abroad,
whoever they may be and to whatever country they may belong.
Of course, the State enterprises for foreign trade import and export in accordance with a one-
year plan or a longer-term plan, showing, concurrently, the total quantities of goods available for
export and the total amount of imports required in the country.
This means -from the point of view of the customer abroad that every offer or inquiry from
a State enterprise in the Rumanian People's Republic corresponds to an actual possibility of export
or desire to import.
The world market is flooded with large numbers of prospecting merchants who send offers with-
out having either goods or supplier, and who dispatch inquiries wihout the certainty of a buyer.
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The State enterprises for foreign trade send out offers and inquiries, founded on reality, that
is on products actually available for export and on real import requirements and are, therefore,
to be accepted in full confidence. To an e:xrnest seller or purchaser, who examines a proposal
for trading with the Rumanian People's Republic, this knowledge is the best guarantee.
Apart from the validity of the offer, the buyer or seller's solvency and reliability also have
to be taken into account.
An enterprise in the foreign trade of the Rumanian People's Republic is an enterprise organ-
ised under the authority of the State, has been conferred a State monopoly and answers for
the liabilities incurred with its own capital. Its solvency is unquestionable; this is very import-
ant for a serious customer who is obliged, whenever he receives offers from private firms, to make
inquiries about their solvency, reliability and past transactions, which does not exclude his assum-
ing some risks, in spite of references and even guarantees.
The transactions proposed by a State enterprise do not imply risks, as the firm is always
reliable and solvent.
Even if, by way of exception, the ordered goods are no longer available, a State enterprise
mostly finds the means of replacing these goods by other goods, thus giving satisfaction to the buyer.
An offer made by a State enterprise for foreign trade which holds the exclusive control of
the sale and purchase of a product is a guarantee of maximum technical competence and res-
ponsibility. In every branch of trade, the best experts and engineers are at hand, and the most
up-to-date laboratories, warehouses, refrigerators and store-houses in the country are used for
checking, conditioning and storing a product.
A foreign trade enterprise in the Rumanian People's Republic does not sell or buy goods
it is not conversant with; it inquires about the technical conditions of the product it is responsible
for, follows in every detail the conditioning, storing and dispatch of the goods, in brief, answers
for the quality of the goods imported and for the prestige of the Rumanian goods exported.
It is important for a serious dealer to know that he can count on goods which are up to
the mark from a technical point of view and that, whatever the quantity concerned, irrespect-
ive of whether wheat or handicraft articles are dealt in, he will receive, in compliance with
the terms of the contract, perfectly standardised wheat or handicraft articles up to sample.
It should be recalled here that the internal and external possibilities of a State enterprise as
regards means of transport, banking, dispatch, insurance, handling etc. are a sound guarantee
for transacting business with foreign countries.
?
After three years of State monopoly in foreign trade, the results are found to be most sa-
tisfactory. Dealers abroad fully appreciate the value of the commercial engagements contracted
by Rumanian State enterprises.
Furthermore, the enterprises for foreign trade have greatly simplified and tend to simplify more
every year many of the formalities and the intricate system of guarantees which have been used
for long years in world trade.
A new business method, a new practice of trading with other States has thus come into
being, based on the reliability and unquestionable competence of State enterprises.
Anyone who examines an inquiry or an offer, or appraises the advantages of an engage-
ment entered into by a foreign trade enterprise in the Rumanian People's Republic should be
fully convinced of its reliability and competence.
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SEEM IMMIMENMIGNM
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An oil well in operation
THE OIL INDUSTRY
The existence of oil in this country was first
mentioned a few centuries ago and, around i 500,
oil began to be extracted in Muntenia.
In 1646, for instance, the monk Bandinus on
crossing the Ghimes gorge, noticed numerous
oil wells on the Mosoare, Poem and Doftana
hills.
Dimitrie Cantemir notes in his < Descriptio
Moldaviae > that in the neighbourhood of Moi-
nesti, on the banks of the Tazlaul Sarat, some
mineral resin gushed out which the local inha-
bitants used for oiling the axles of their carts.
Although oil was known in various parts of
the globe at different periods, it was industrialised
only relatively recently, Rumania being one of
the first countries where attempts were made to
distil crude oil in order to obtain lamp oil.
The first refinery was set up in 1856 at Rafov,
near Ploesti, by Tudor Mehedinteanu. On October
8, of the same year, a contract was signed in
Bucharest providing for the first time in the world
for the illumination of a town with petroleum
which had been extracted from crude oil.
Since then, our oil industry has developed consi-
derably, especially during the last few years.
The drilling rose in 1951 by 206.9 per cent as
compared to 1948; 1o6.5 per cent of this rise is
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exploration drilling designed to discover new oil
deposits; moreover, the output increased by 44.6
per cent as compared to 1948.
The assertion of biased circles which claimed
that oil was well nigh exhausted in this country
has thus been proved fallacious.
The < Sovrompetrol > Company plays a parti-
cularly important part in the development of
our oil industry. It was set up in 1945, being the
first joint Soviet-Rumanian Company in this
country, the first form of economic cooperation
with the Soviet Union, founded on the principles
of equality and mutual interest.
0 i1 Refiitery
By adopting Soviet technology, the most ad-
vanced technology, in working the derricks, the
output of the oilwells was increased from 20 to
ioo per cent and even more than ioo per cent
for some derricks.
A great many abandoned or inoperative derricks
have been repaired and are being worked again.
The merging in 1949 of all oil enterprises made
a decisive contribution to the further development
of the oil industry in this country by improving
organisation, by a rational working of the derricks
and by processing the crude oil of various qua-
lities in order to increase its marketable value.
 Approved Fo~'..PIN R
A compressor station
Due to the important investments made during
the last two years to develop geological research
and exploration drilling, new oil-bearing areas
were discovered and are now being exploited.
The oil industry is being equipped with the
most up-to-date machinery.
Massive quantities of heavy caterpillars, dif-
ferent apparatus for measurements and means of
transport have been. received from the Soviet
Union and big amounts of oil equipment have
been ? manufactured in the country.
These factors will make it possible for us to
obtain by the end of the period of the first Five-
Year Plan an output of crude oil which will exceed
the highest peak ever reached by pre-war pro-
duction in this country.
The reconstruction of existing refineries and
the building of new up-to-date refineries will
enable us to extract far larger quantities of oil
than heretofore and to improve the quality of
products such as gasoline and fine lubricating oils.
This continuous rise in the output as well as
the improvement of the equipment makes it impe-
rative for us to increase the number of skilled
workers. An important campaign to qualify the
workers at the place of work, through the Soviet
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Kotlear method and at special courses, is carried
on to this purpose.
Moreover, the medium and higher staffs re-
quired in the oil industry are being trained in
medium technical schools and in the Oil and Gas
Institutes.
Special attention is being devoted to the im-
provement of the material and cultural living con-
ditions of the oil workers. The new system of
premiums and piece payment in force since Oc-
tober 1950 has considerably increased the wages
of workers and technicians.
The State has moreover allotted considerable
sums to social services and the oil workers'
health.
The number of rationalisers and inventors is
continuously growing.
Actuated by ardent patriotism and employing
the most advanced methods of work, the workers,
technicians and engineers of our oil industry
continuously increase production and improve
the quality of the products to be used in industry
and for the constructions being raised in the
country.
A. park o f reservoirs
for oil products
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 ~~
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Our marble quo rries today
make use of the most up-to-
date methods of work. For in-
starace, the transport of blocks
from the quarry to the saw-
mill has been rrrechanised
RUMANIAN MARBLE
APART from the varied natural
resources - such as oil, ce-
reals, wood etc. - - which have made
the Rumanian People's Republic
famous, it is also the greatest
producer of marble in South-Eastern
Europe. Marble quarries are being
worked nearly all along theWestern
Carpathian range, and through the
geological prospecting in this region
with mountains of volcanic origin,
deposits have been located which,
from the viewpoint of quantity as
well as quality, can vie with the
most famous marbles in the world.
Equal to these as regards a-
bundance and variety, are a number
of quarries which have behind
them a fairly long industrial and
commercial existence. The, marble
in these quarries -- Ruschita, Ca-
prioara, Bmrasti, Alun, Moneasa
- has its own specific characteris-
tics and a great variety of colours,
well able to meet any architec-
tural requirements and to satisfy
the most fastidious taste in town-
planning. One of our oldest marble
quarries is Ruschita, first worked
a century ago. The marble extrac-
ted is crystallised calcium carl o-
nate whose main property consists
in not being friable, as it is totally
devoid of water which makes it
superior to Carrara marble. It is
fairly big-grained, of a white-pur-
push colour, pale or bright pink,
with irregular streaks, pleasant to
the eye, with none of the monotony
of symmetrical repetition.
The colour and structure of
this extremely resistent kind of
marble, whose specific weight is
3, oo o kg the cubic metre, make
it an adequate material for interior
decoration-plates, ornamental
sculpture, scroll-work. Moreover,
it has proved useful in industry
where it is used as insulating
slabs, a successful substitute for
Carrara marbles in electricity me-
ters, for instance.
A few decades ago, Ruschita
was the only Rumanian marble
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quarry. Extraction there was
effected under primitive conditions,
so that quite an amount of the
material dislocated by the explosive
was only fit for lime, as it had
broken into small pieces or been
even ground to powder. Thousands
of tons of fine marble were thus
used for whitewashing.
Today, Ruschita is an up-to-
date quarry where the most per-
fected mechanical means of extract-
ing marble are used.
The marble extracted at Ca-
prioara has a great variety of hues:
orange with pronounced streaks in
the same shade, greyish-yellow,
with tiny grey spots, greyish-red
with fine coffee-coloured veins, or
white with fine reddish-yellow veins.
The specific weight of this marble
is 3, o o o kg the cubic metre.
This marble is used for interior de-
coration in plates of 2 cm or more ;
for floors, panels,- pedestals, chim-
ney pieces, and even for sculpture
and richly ornamented scroll-work.
At $arasti, we find another va-
riety of marble. It is extremely fine-
grained and of a reddish-purple with
The cutting of a five
ton marble block by
means of a mechanic saw
13
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white spots. Its specific weight is
3,ooo kg. the cubic metre. It may
be used like the other kinds of
coloured marble, for interior deco-
ration, in slabs at least 2 cm
thick, and for sculpture.
The Alun quarry contains two
varieties of marble: a fine-grained
one - white with bluish grey, yel-
lowish and rust-coloured veins, re-
sembling the Cipollino marble in
the Carrara region; the other kind
is of a purplish white, resembling
the Carrara marble of the fourth
and fifth category. Its specific
weight is 3,00o kg the cubic metre.
It is used for interior decoration.
Red marble with white spots,
compact and resistent to frosts and
thawing, is extracted from the
Moneasa quarry. It has a specific
weight of 2,8oo kg the cubic metre.
It is used to ornament facades
and interiors, as well as for sculpt-
ures and profiles.
All these raw products subse-
quently undergo different processes in
special workshops of which the most
important are found in Bucharest. In
these workshops, the marble is cut
into slabs of various thickness by
means of mechanical saws. These
slabs are sorted according to quality
!4
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and colour. Before this operation,
they are polished. The productive
capacity of the existing quarries can
meet all the requirements of export.
As we have already said, other
marble deposits are at present being
exported whose quality matches
the marble appreciated by experts
the world over.
< Romanoexport >, a State enter-
prise for foreign trade, is the
only exporter of Rumanian marble.
Oue to its quality and variety
of colours, Rama.nian marble
may be used in both monu-
mental and ornamental works
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 P83-00415RJ01-2Q4 ;.0 00
RUMANIAN SALT
T HE salt export of our country handles exclusively rock
salt which is superior to sea salt by its chemical com-
position - its concentration of sodium chloride being
of 99.3 per cent compared to 77.82 per cent - as well
as by its natural purity.
Our salt deposits are practically inexhaustible and may
be assessed at scores of billions of tons. The visible reserves
E X P O R T
of the seven mines worked at present could ensure under
today's conditions the production required for home con-
sumption (edible salt for human and animal consumption
and industrial salt) as well as the export requirements
for at least 5o years.
The high quality of our salt is parlty due to the tech-
nical conditions of mining.
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We have introduced everywhere in our mines the most
up-to-date mining methods and cutting processes.
The mining is effected by means of e chambers > which
ensure mining safety and profitableness. The cutting is
effected mechanically by means of universal cutters and,
in case of need. by blasting. For drilling, all mining opera-
tions apply electric rotatory rock-drills.
As to the extraction of salt in solution, we have adopted
a new mining method by means of deep wells, an invention
patented and put in practice by the workers, technicians
and engineers of the salt mining sector in our country: the
method of steered dissolving.
Particular attention is attached to the processing and
packing of salt which is carried out by means of most up-
to-date installations.
After a severe picking carried out on the very spot, the
crude salt is conveyed to the grinding installations consist-
ing of automatic conveyors, stamping-mills, cylinders and
sets of sieves which perform the selection of the multiple
assortments (0.3, o.6, r, ., and 4 mm).
From the storehouses, the ordinary salt passes on to
automatic weighing machines and is packed in paper bags
or jute sacks of 5o kg each, whereas the superior sorts
are directed to a mechanical installation for packing Al
cardboard boxes of i or i 1!1., kg each, lined with parch-
ment paper.
(,'it lleries o/' salt rrti-sIOliser/ irtto sta-
lactites are often f'oUnd ill, off" sa/t m in.,'
The miners ca!/ such j,hr
a,11mm'na (, ,Srmolc Galleries U
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Electric boring of a salt deposit
The transport of the salt to storage or wagon is carried The products of our salt mines include the 15 following
out mechanically and automatically. The installation is items:
fitted with exhausters for salt dust absorption. For human consumption
Iodized salt is treated in special installations, the dose ? B'_ock salt (blocks of io - 4o kg each);
being 5o mgr K. I. per kg of salt. ? Fine ground salt (granulation o to 2 mm);
Great importance is attached to the shaping of salt ? Iodized ground salt (granulation o to 2 mm
loaves. Our lcaves weigh 5 kg each, are iodized and may with an admixture of 5o mgr K. I. per each kg
be denaturated with 5 per cent iron oxide for animal of salt);
consumption. ? Grit salt (granulation o -4 mm or 2 -4 MM);
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e Loaf salt (produced by evaporation shaped in
truncated cones of i kg each and dried at 3000
Celsius) ;
? Superior salt (granulation 0.3 - z mm, iodized);
? Extrafine salt (granulation 0.2 - o.6 mm io-
dized);
? Special salt (granulation 0.25-0.50 mm. produced
by evaporation, grinding and with an admixture of ingre-
dients against conglomeration).
For animal consumption
? Denaturated ground salt (with an admixture of 5
per cent of iron oxide);
? Block salt (in parallelepipedic shape of 5 kg each,
iodized with 5o mgr K. I. per kg of salt).
For industrial purposes
? Crude industrial salt
? Pure industrial salt
? Impure industrial salt (Brine)
The output of our Haines is
increased by the use of coal cutters
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 Wk ~i
Trapezoidal galler.% in a naive
? Salt powder.
The technical capacity of the salt mines functioning
at present ensures at any moment, promptly, the maximum
production of good quality salt required by the develop-
ment of the home industries using salt as raw material, as
well as possible increases of export demands in excess
of plan.
The export of salt from the ((Rumanian Principalities> to
neighbouring countries was carried on in very remote times.
Ina document dated 1373, Layosh the Great, king of
Hungary, ordered the Timisoara Committee to stop at
Orsova the import of salt from Wallachia.
Other old documents speak about e the abundant
supplies # of salt from Wallachia to Bulgaria, Serbia, the
Turkish Countries and Bosnia and from Moldavia to
Poland.
Statistical data available show that salt export from
these regions has been carried on permanently znd almost
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steadily all along the centuries, being demanded by the
neighbouring countries and in some cases even by more
remote countries (Serbia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Bohemia,
India, Belgium, Holland, Palestine).
The sale of Rumanian salt on foreign markets has been
effected and maintained due to its remarkable purity and
reasonable selling price (which it will be possible to re-
duce in the future as a result of technical and organisational
measures adopted or contemplated).
We may also mention that, benefiting by superior
technical conditions, we have been and still are able to
provide any quality (granulation) and packing and, thanks
to our superior technical potential, delivery is effected
promptly and in quantities according to buyers' de-
mands.
In consideration of the number of demands for the ex-
port of ground salt, we are building during the present
Five-Year Plan other up-to-date salt mills, the capacity
of which is to raise the grinding capacity of the respective
salt-works.
Sole exporters of salt are the State Enterprise for Fo-
reign Trade (c Romanoexport );.
The salt extracted from mines is conveyed to
mills or to the industries using it as raw material
Due to its homogeneity, our salt
can be cut into massive blocks
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l R N]I"ENG AND Ti FE ~f~.~ l'OIl'I, OF iEc IS()I T
r 1H1: Rumanian People's Republic is one of "the few countries in
Europe, where both climate and soil are most propitious to the
propagation and development of game of all kinds.
At the beginning of the last century, Andreas Wolf, a physician of the
town of Sibiu, said in his book on Moldavia that Rumania was like a
zoological garden set up by nature itself and that stags, deer, chamois,
bears, wild boars, wolves, foxes, hares and other wild beasts were to be
found in large numbers.
Its woods, plains and wide-spread ponds as well as the Danube Delta
swarm with winged game and furry game of all sizes.
The large-sized furry game foremost among which stands the famous
Carpathian stag, and the small-sized game such as the hare, the fox, the
badger, the otter, the mink, the marten, the polecat, the ermine, the weasel,
the wildcat are stable, while only some of the birds, big or small, remain
in the country all the year round.
Among the more important non-migratory birds in the Rumanian
People's Republic we may cite: the bustard, pheasant, partridge, hazel-
grouse and woodcock, while the migratory species include an infinite
variety of aquatic and land birds.
The aquatic birds include: the pelican, the swan, geese and ducks
of various species, the egret, heron, snipe, moor-fowl, coot, ice-loon
etc.; the field birds: the crane, woodcock, grouse, turtle, wild Pidgeon,
water-rail etc.
From the other species of non-migratory birds to be found in this
country we cite: the eagle, the vulture, the owl and other birds of prey.
In the past, the hides and furs of hunted animals formed a consider-
able trade. Historical documents dealing with our foreign trade show
that two centuries ago we exported 8oo,ooo hare skins a year, apart
from other valuable skins and furs.
Due to the destructive hunting practised in the past and to the
absence of regulations for the protection of game, the number of hares
has been reduced by half and that of deer by even more.
As soon as the regime of people's democracy was set up, the exter-
mination of game was put an end to.
The old shooting and fishing societies were liquidated in August
1948 when the General Association of Hunters in the Rumanian People's
Republic came into being.
The first measure taken by the General Association of Hunters was
to change the members of the branch and sub-branch committees.
Another measure was to organise the protection, breeding and pro-
pagation of game, by guarding the preserves and by combating poaching
and animals of prey; at the same time setting up zones of refuge designed
to supply game for the grounds in the neighbourhood.
Shooting in the Rumanian People's Republic is not only a means of
relaxing and satisfying the working people's fondness of sports, it is
also an important economic factor.
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Venison is a source of profit for our national economy and hunting
trophies are most valuable.
At present, hundreds of thousands of hares are shot every year which,
allowing each hare to weigh 31/s kg on an average, comes to several
million kg of meat. Besides, several tens of thousands of hides - marten,
otter, mink, ermine, polecat, fox, wolf, lynx and wild cat - are col-
lected.
Meat and hides yield a profit of tens of millions of lei per year, a sum
which may be considerably increased as the stock of game is replenished.
The Rumanian People's Republic exports large quantities of hare,
wild boar, stag, deer, wild duck, goose, as well as big quantities of pre-
cious furs such as: mink, ermine, otter, polecat etc., apart from hare
skins.
The venison - whether fresh or canned - is tender, savoury and
most nourishing.
Our hare skins are in great demand on foreign markets on
account of their quality and utility. The hair on these skins is
utilised in weaving the finest hat-felt and a special glue is made of
the skins themselves.
The furs we export are tanned under the best conditions and can be
used either for lining winter coats or to make luxury articles. Our furs
have always been greatly appreciated on foreign markets.
The hides of wild boar, stag or deer, famous for their quality, are
tanned and made into the very best suit cases, while out of the antlers of
A fox awaiting its prey
l bear front the
Vrancea !Mountains
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Hare is tender, savoury and nourishing
stags and deer, penknife handles, buttons, handles of hunting knives
etc. are made. The feathers of the rare birds hunted in the Ruma-
nian People's Republic are used as ornaments for their beauty
and colouring.
The heads of Carpathian stags and of chamois are trophies of great
worth for hunters and have been awarded the first prize for their quality
and value at various international exhibitions.
As the Rumanian People's Republic boasts a great variety of winged
game which halt on their transit journey only in this country, we can
supply the museums abroad with stuffed or half stuffed birds which in
the respective countries are scarce or non-existent. We are also able to
supply such rare articles as pelicans, egrets, various species of herons,
wild ducks etc., for use in the schools abroad to complete their didactic
material.
The results of shooting supplies not only the home market, but also the
home industry with large quantities of meat for tinning and with raw
material for the other industries.
A great many industries use venison for their raw material: the pack-
ing industry, the skin and hide factories, the factories using hare hair
and the down of birds, etc.
Wild cat of the mountains
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I boor 1) ruii Iii down b ?
. Ift, grow IN
ln. a tuxi a(crm1.
lit bit rif tit rV
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The sharp-beaked vul-
ture, eager for its prey
Buzzards range over the
fruitful Baragan plain
at a measured pace
Moreover, hunting creates possibilities of work for a great many ex-
perts such as: breeders of winged game (pheasant and partridge), special-
ists in combating birds of prey, qualified guards, experts making pieces
for museums and exhibitions etc. Thousands of people get employment
in these branches of production, in various capacities.
But hunting in the Rumanian People's Republic is also of great
importance to science. Collectives of scientists created by the R.P.R.
Academy within the Institute of Scientific Research and the In-
stitute of Animal Biology study our fauna while others study the
flora. Their study is focussed not only on the geographic repartition
of the fauna, on its scientific and economic importance, on an
accurate knowledge of harmful and useful animals, but also on
shooting possibilities.
Hunting collaborates with science in other fields as well. It
supplies science with animals such as the polecat which is of use
in the preparation of anti-influenza and of anti-distemper vaccine,
and in the research work concerned with combating the measles. Apart
from this, the can supply
rectangular biscuits, with a maximum 4 per cent humidity, a minimum
:t5 per cent sugar and at least 15 per cent fats.
They are packed in standardised boxes, lined with tissue paper
or, on request, in wooden boxes of 5- to kg.
Apart from farinaceous foods and biscuits, the Rumanian People's
Republic also exports semolina.
It is a vegetable product prepared of wheat weighing 75 kg the
hectolitre, and obtained by crushing, cleaning and separating the bran.
The wheat of which semolina is made gives flour in which foreign bodies
do not exceed t.5 per cent ar the first grinding. According to its sifting,
semolina can be of three categories: big-grained, medium and fine-grained.
As regards purity, Rumanian semolina does not contain more than
o.o6 per cent foreign bodies (blight or tare), 0.5 per cent black foreign
bodies (vetch) and at most 3 per cent other cereals. Maximum humid-
ity is 14 per cent, and the residue of ash is at most 0.75 per cent.
Semolina is yellowish white.
It is packed in paper or thick cloth bags.
Starch is another export item.
It is made from maize (the and 1Rumanian?) variety)
and potatoes (the white, floury sort, with a rough skin and a 15 to zo
per cent starch content).
The quality of Rumanian starch is far superior to what it was formerly,
as modern technological methods have been introduced in production
and the factories have been half-automatised and equipped with up-to-
date aggregates.
li lbntanifin pasty IIrotlucts (lrY' made
of wheat floor rich in ;itaten
30
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The physical-chemical characteristics of starch are: maximum hu-
midity 13 to 20 per cent, acidity of i8 to 20 per cent in Na OH, maximum
amount of ash residue 0.2 to 0.35 per cent. The starch looks like fine
powder of a white, even colour, free of black spots or lumps, without
odour or specific taste.
It is packed in thick 5o kg paper bags which, in their turn, are packed
in dry wooden boxes.
Prodexport > also supplies solid or liquid glucose obtained by hydro-
lysis of amidin milk with mineral acids, neutralisation with calcium or
sodium carbonate, treating with active vegetable coal and concentration.
The solid product thus obtained contains 6o per cent dextrose, and
the liquid product 32 to 40 per cent.
Liquid glucose is delivered in beech casks of 200 litres, and solid
glucose in lumps of 5 to to kg packed in 5o kg boxes.
Our foodstuff industry however has not confined itself to making
these products which it can supply in large quantities for the interna-
tional market. Lately, considerable amounts of sugar products have
been manufactured. They are of good quality and neatly packed; among
these we cite : sweets; caramels ; sherbet ; < rahat lokoum > . (Turkish
delight) - plain or with fruit and nuts; e sudjuk > and other similar
products.
Among the Rumanian products belonging to this category, those
most in demand are rahat lokoum and sudjuk.
Both these products are made of pure sugar, jellied and flavoured.
Rahat lokoum, cut in cubes, is pleasant to the taste. It is a pleasant
substitute for fruit preserves.
The sudjuk is cylindrical with a stuffing of nuts.
As regards the delivery of these products, n Prodexport> an export
enterprise - is able to meet the demands of customers abroad promptly
and satisfactorily.
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RUMANIAN FUR INDUSTRY
FUR AND SKIN ARTICLES
T HE Rumanian fur industry, which affords many
possibilities of development, was never the concern
of our industrialists in the past.
The big furriers considered the import of dressed
hides more lucrative than the creation of a fur industry
in their own country, as this required personnel, love
for the craft and the desire to enable working people
to wear fur articles both smart and warm.
Solicitude for man, the desire to raise his standard of
living, to offer him goods which, formerly, were the
prerogative of the are the causes which have
made light industry assume quite a different aspect.
Consequently, both the dressing of furs and the
making of coats have been developed in order that
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the coats supplied might be well cut
and neatly made, wearable and accessible
to everyone's budget.
The possibilities of dressing the raw
material in the country under the best
conditions and by the latest methods were
carefully considered and a certain standard
was set for the semi-manufactured article.
The tanning of furs is different from
normal tanning as furs have to fulfil certain
conditions: they must be of reduced
weight, characteristic suppleness and du-
rability. These factors were considered
when the conditions of manufacture were
established, stress being laid on everything
that might ensure these qualities.
Leipzig finished (pickled and liquored)
furs correspond almost entirely with these
conditions; however, as this treatment does
not irreversibly fix the substance of the
skin, they do not wear well in bad weather.
That is why these products are used
exclusively in the making of articles where
the fur is cloth-covered (linings).
Chromium-tanned furs are the best
and are recommended for articles where
the fur is not cloth-covered and generally
for bad weather.
Furs are sometimes tanned here by
means of alum or bran.
As shown above, the dressed skins
are used in accordance with the breed of
the animal and the qualities of fur obtained
after tanning.
Fur articles are made with the utmost
care, to the minutest detail. Our units
which are provided with modern equip-
ment and skilled furriers, turn out articles
of a sober elegance and in the best of
tastes.
In order to make such articles, stress
was laid on the processing of skins.
The processing conditions are not
easy to satisfy. They may be applied to
furs of high quality, such as thoroughbred
lamb-merino and a tzigae u- though they
must have the same effect on furs of other
breeds. The most varied and pleasant
shades have been obtained by applying
specific dyes - fixing dyes. By cutting
the hair evenly and by artificial curling,
a common product has been turned into
a valuable one. This has brought about
a reduction in the price of the finite pro-
duct which has thus become generally
accessible.
As we have at our disposal a great
variety of furs and our cutters are imagi-
native, our industry has been able to
turn out all kinds of articles out of pro-
cessed furs: canadians, a cojoace > (coats
of sheepskin worn reversed) - with and
without sleeves-, wind jackets of various
colours combined with knitting, sports
and luxury coats.
The industry concerned with the
manufacture of furs has thus managed
to supply elegant, comfortable and warm
clothes by improving both quality and
production.
The foreign concerns eager to supply
their customers with fur articles of good
quality are recommended to import the
products of the industry in the Rumanian
People's Republic through o Romano-
export ~>, State Enterprise for Foreign
Trade.
 Ill- \'1A I 1 CAR.I
7! OR those interested in folk art, the national art of the Rumanian people is evidence
('
of great artistic gifts, blending love and joy of life with a sense of decoration
closely connected with the material and means available for achieving the work.
Triangles, rhombs,squares, straight or curved lines and spirals are mostly represen-
tations of animals and human figures full of sensitiveness.
It is to be noted that the artistic aptitude of the Rumanian people has expressed
itself under various forms. But Rumanian embroidery, carpets, earthenware or
wooden objects are all characterised by the same spirit, by the same good taste. Our
national art is like a perfectly balanced and complete cycle - a concrete image of
our people's artistic qualities.
In the past, there was here a kind of fashion for our national art. All manner
of enterprises and shops kept shooting up which, under pretence of artistic activity,
manufactured many kinds of pseudo-artistic (,popular > works of art which
compromised the working people's real art.
Our national art was thus doomed to perish. Under the regime of people's demo-
cracy however, the Art Committee and the special Institute attached to the Academy of
the Rumanian People's Republic, spare no efforts to study our folk art, at the same
time encouraging craftsmen and women weavers of the village.
Around monasteries and in villages, workshops were opened where materials and
carpets are woven which are genuine specimens of our national art.
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 The Rumanian carpets are woven. Each of them is a work of art in which the art-
ist's personality is revealed in the choice of colours, the composition, the propor-
tions, the ratio between the margin and the pattern, as well as in the fine workmanship.
Rumanian carpets, whether designed to be hung on walls like artistic tapestries,
to be used as carpets proper or to serve as bedcovers, lend a picturesque note to a home.
Their picturesqueness is a kind of epitome of the colourful scenery of Rumania.
A village-made Rumanian carpet found in any modern town house, will always sug-
gest the regions where it was woven, however distant. It will have something of the
green shades of Oltenia's flowery meadows, will suggest the fruitful autumns of sub-
Carpathian hills, the wide-spread steppes along the Danube or the rugged crests of
the Transylvanian mountains.
In Rumanian folk art, the ornamental design is not a photographic rendering of
a work of nature, but a decorative impression of it, which brings out the essential and
makes of it a kind of diagram, giving a specific character to this art. The geometric
designs on carpets are often nothing but schematic representations of things used in
everyday life, or of elements of the surrounding landscapes. The design has a name
showing its realistic origin even when, through being repeated for centuries, it has become
so schematic and has departed to such an extent from its model that it is impossible to
realise that it had originally been the reproduction of a concrete form. The realistic
inspiration drown from everydoy life is proved, in the first place, by the thousands
of ornamental designs figuring flowers or other plants which portray the country's
entire flora, from the fir-trees on the mountain tops to the thistles and burs of the
steppe. In the second place, Rumanian tapestry uses a rich assortment of animal
designs. Indeed, we find in our carpets the schematic outline of all the tame animals
Carpel l-4,111 fill' L'RESS
WOOD S H lJ 1 d AI I J S NFOR WOOL. FOR OSTONE), SUPPLIED IN ANY QUANTITY ,iFOR ALL KINDS M Fn LOOMOF PRESS
L A S T S, B O O T -T R E E S A N D H E E L S
Plain lasts for shoemakers. Mechanical lasts (Ausputz) for boot-factories. Bnot-trees in all models and sizes. Heels for ladies' shoes, made of
Rumanian hornbeam or beechwood, well known and appreciated for their seamless execution and excellent quality. Supplied by EXPOPTLEMN>:
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The Danube and Black Sea are inexhaustible resources for - common fish and
sturgeon. The Rumanian fishing industry, established on new bases, is
producing important quantities of fresh, frozen and tinned fish for export.
The < P R O D E X P O R T>>- Company which is turning into account products
of the Rumanian fishing industry for export, offers tinned fish specialties, such
as., Fish pickled in tomato-juice, grayling and sprat in oil, anchovy, mackerel etc.
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CAST IRON
RADIATORS
for heating by hot water or
steam up to a pressure
of 11-15 Atm. made of
grey cast iron, subjected
to 2 pressure tests with
water and complying with
international standards
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KEROSENE COOKERS
With and without pressure,
Made of enameled steel sheet,
durable and practical, packed
in wooden boxes 21 pieces to a
box,supplied at attractive prices
Our compotes and stewed fruit made of choice fruit of exeellmd quality
are troll known for their taste and flavour. The 4Pructexport n Company
offers you varied selections of compotes of: apples, pears, nialialebs, white
cherries, plums, greesmagos, apricots and peaches. Apply for price-lists.
GARLIC The fertile soil and the strong heat at the time of growth
due to climatic conditions in our country, enable us
to grow intensive cultures of garlic of excellent quality. Garlic (Allium
Sativum), is a vegetable product used as condiment in alimentation.
he Rumanian garlic varieties with their white-silvery skin are apprec-
iated as being among the best. Supplied by < FRUCTEXPORT >, State
Company for Foreign Trade in bunches, roughly 35 to a bunch, with
the dried plants of a length of 25 cm at the most. The garlic is dry,
without sand or earth, healthy, and sorted according to size, if requested.
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,l. elephone hand-set for table
Carcass of Mack hakelite. The ap-
paralus is delivered fully equiped
with wire, plug and wall-socket.
Net weight of apparatus 2 kilos.
Technical execution irreproachable
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 ORGANISATION OF FOREIGN TRADE IN THE RUMANIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
~N the Rumanian People's Republic the principle of
foreign trade monopoly is carried into effect. The curtail-
ment of the private sector in foreign trade began prior
to the nationalisation of the main means of production,
banks and transport and insurance companies of June
1948. The Ministry of Foreign Trade, set up late in 1948,
is the conducting and steering organ of foreign trade.
The operative work in this field is ensured by the State
Trading Companies, specialised in foreign trade opera-
tions. The State monopoly in the foreign trade of the
Rumanian People's Republic has worked. out very satis-
factory in what regards carrying into effect the policy
of socialist industrialisation and placing at the disposal
of the working masses more and cheaper consumer
goods.
The first foreign trade companies found a chaotic
situation. Prior to their setting up, there were 5,000-7,000
private enterprises employing an army of several tens
of thousands of office workers for carrying on a steadily
reduced trade exchange with foreign countries. One may
easily imagine the reliability of these firms and the ends
to which their activity was devoted. The regime of
People's Democracy had to make a clean sweep and it
did so.
The results of the activity of the first eight foreign trade
companies were not long in appearing. According as the
new organisation of our foreign trade grew consolidated,
the volume and the assortment of our trade exchange
with foreign countries increased to a remarkable extent.
Suffice it to show that the value of goods imported in
1949 was thrice the amount of 1947.
The State enterprises for foreign trade contribute by
exchanges with the U.S.S.R. and with the other People's
Democracies to the fulfilment of the State plans, to
meeting the mutual demands and to catering for the
supply of products needed for the economic deve-
lopment.
These exchanges, fully and steadily developing as
regards their volume and the variety of assortment,
ensure stable prices, the prompt availableness of these
goods in the process of our country's industrialisation and
the continuous and safe supply of raw materials and in-
dustrial equipment needed.
As a rule, our State enterprises ensure to any country
desirous to co-operate with our country, in the economic
field, far more important and serious working pos-
sibilities than the thousands of private firms in the.
past.
Demands on the part of State enterprises imply sure
and well-founded needs guaranteed by the reliability
of a State firm and the planned economy from which
they proceed. Offers are strictly complied with by the.
prompt delivery of the goods in quality and quantity
indicated in them.
The responsibility of the foreign trade companies in
the Rumanian People's Republic is a considerable one
inasmuch as they represent the real interests and possi-
bilities of an entire production and not the capricious
pursuit of profits of adventurers and occasional traders,
as in the past.
The remarkable degree of specialisation of our enter-
prises and their staffs recruited from highly qualified
cadres of the respective sectors, are a safeguard for the
strict implementation of all commitments.
At present, a most important task is assigned to the
foreign trade of the Rumanian People's Republic: to
ensure the achievement of trade exchanges designed to
facilitate the successful implementation of the Five Year
Plan for the Development of National Economy (1951--
-1955). To cope with all operations of export and import
under the Five Year Plan, the number of State foreign
trade companies was raised from 8 to 13, to which one
must add an enterprise for export production (animal
products).
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 Our exports of cereals and feedstuff are entrusted to
the s Agroexport > Company which im, orts also selected
seeds for improving our production.
Exports of timber and timber products of every des-
cription as well as of timber derivatives such as paper,
cardboard and matches are dealt with by the < Export-
Icmn > Company.
The exportation of animals, livre poultry, food-products,
meat and fat, fresh and tinned, and the importation of
colonial goods and thorough-bred animals for breeding
are handled by the e Prodexport> Company.
Products of poxniculture, horticulture and viticulture,
fresh and tinned, as well as juices, syrups etc., are exported
by a newly set up company, the (~ Fructexport *. Metal
ores, oil products and derivatives are handled by the
(c Petrolexport s Company, and exports of industrial pro-
ducts, building material, textiles, art-objects and sun-
dries by the c Homanoexport > Company.
Our imports aim at meeting the demand of production
and providing for the sufficient supply of necessaries to
our population. They are handled by big sections of spe-
cialty, according to the multiple needs of an industry in
full development and an agriculture in full transformation.
The importation of metal ore, coke, metals, steels and
various semi-manufactured products is handled by a Me-
talimport s; that of oil and mining equipment, pipe ma-
terial, head-stocks, internal-combustion engines, locomo-
tives, and vessels by the < Industriaimport> Company;
apparatuses, machinery, industrial installations by < Ma-
?inimport > Company. In conclusion, the Company the purchase of traction means
and sundry technical working devices, the a Chimimport >
Company imports of chemical products, the (! Textil-
import S Company textile products, raw materials, semi-
manufactured and manufactured products.
This organisation is large enough to ensure the imple-
mentation of the tasks assigned to the foreign trade of
the Rumanian People's Republic under the Five Year
Plan and elastic enough to cope with the evolution of
international trade exchange.
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 Interior of the rni.l?rnotor
 The driver's cab
Exterior and interior
of a 8-wheel rail-motor
THE RAIL MOTOR
IN our country, a fine industry for the manufacture of rolling-
stock has developed within a very short time. Our works pro-
duce an important number of locomotives for freight and passenger
trains, passenger cars, freight-wagons and tank-wagons as well
as railrnotors of the most perfect type equipped with the last tech-
nical novelties in this field.
The company (i ROMANOEXPORT ), State Enterprise for Fo-
reign Trade, presents in the present issue of our bulletin (( The
16-wheeled railrnotor driven by type MG 220 Diesel engine and
type Mylius Ed 5 speed-transmission gear)) provided in its
export program.
This rar motor whose maximum speed is 80 or 110 km per
hour on level straight track, is designed for coping with curves
of a minimum radius of 120 m. rrs weight ready to start is
of 39 t.
Its accommodations consist of a second class compartment with
uphols ered seats for 16 passengers, a third class compartment
with seats for 36 passengers, a lavatory accessible from the
entrance corridor, a luggage and mail compartment, a cabin for
the heating installation and a driver's cab at each end of the
railrnotor.
The driver's cab on the engine side is more spacious allowing
for the mounting of the fuel-tank, of the expansion-cylinder for
the cooling system of the engine, of the exhaust box and other accessories, and there is
sufficient room for the driver to supervise all essential parts of the engine. The motor is
enclosed in a hood, serving as thermic and sound insulation.
The mechanical equipment is controlled by a single driver by means of a pupumomccha-
nical installation, from any of the two driver's cabs.
All parts of the vehicle are arc-welded.
The drive-wheels and free wheels are executed in compliance with most severe spec-
ifications.
The inner lateral walls are paneled with 6 nmr plywood covered with walnut or oak
veneer. Thermic insulation has been obtained by 5 layers of aluminium sheet between
the inner paneling and the outer plate covering of the car. In order to obtain good insula-
tion against fire, the walls of the heater cabin and that of the driver cab near the ven-
tilating duct and the exhaust-box have been provided with an asbestos and mild steel
plate lining.
The outside entrance doors as well as the inner sliding doors are made of steel plate;
the windows are of < semi-crystal s and protected by bars.
The brake equipment built for automatic and direct braking; besides, in each driv-
er's cab there is an electro-pneumatic ((dead-lock)) braking device and an independent
hand-brake.
Each of the driver's cabs is provided with telephone installation.
The temperature of the cooling water is controlled by electric distance-therrno-
meters installed in the driver's cabs. The capacity of the expansion cylinder is
of 150 1.
Heating of the railmotor is done by means of warm water produced in a high speed
hot water generator, burning coal or coke. Circulation of the water is increased by means of
an electro-motor driven pump.
The sanitary (chrome-plated) installation ensures due comfort.
The fuelling capacity is of about 450 1 and the fuelling equipment is mounted in the
ceiling on the arched beams of the wagon. The motorine, before reaching the tank is pumped
through a double sieve filter.
The outer aspect of the railrnotor is aerodynamic and meets the most pretentious require-
ments of taste. Outside paint finish will be given in compliance with the orders of
the buyer.
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rain -room furniture of finest quality made at State zrorkshops
FURNITURE INDUSTRY IN THE RUMANIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
THE production of furniture in the, Rumanian People's
Republic continues an old artisan tradition; it is
developing under favourable conditions thanks to the fo-
restry wealth consisting of very varied timber well
known beyond the frontiers of our-country.
Under such conditions, a large cumber of processing
industry enterprises have come into being, such as panel,
plywood and veneer factories supplying the furniture
production and placing at its disposal materials of excel-
lent quality required by it.
After the nationalisation, these enterprises were re-
organised and enabled to further increase their potential
of production.
We have set about reorganising this industrial sector
on a quite new basis, by replacing outdated equipment,
re-grouping the means of production and setting up new
industrial units which by applying most up-to-date pro-
duction methods have reached a capacity of several
thousands of furniture sets a month. As a result we have
been in a position to rise the export of materials required
for the manufacture of furniture as well as of various
types of furniture, widely appreciated by foreign buyers
for their exceptional quality.
Today, our factories are in a position to make both mo-
dern standardised furniture and art furniture of perfect
shape. made of choice woods (walnut, cherry wood, ash,
oak, maple, rosewood, pearwood).
Rich carvings in ornamentation of fine taste and deli-
cacy, harmonious lines and blameless execution as well
as the variety of the models made in various styles,
have ensured for a long time to our art furniture a pro-
minent place on international markets.
Thanks to new socialist production methods, our factories
are turning out at present large quantities of both art
furniture and furniture accessible to the large masses
of the people.
By mechanising production and, consequently, cutting
ist prime cost we have placed at the disposal of the large
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lied-room furniture of h uest quality made (it State. worksho
masses, standardised furniture of excellent quality, attract-
ive designs and models of choice taste.
By the recent setting up of the enterprise uSimo Geza>,
the most, up-to-date and largest unit making furniture
in South-East: Europe, the capacity of producing standard
furniture has sensibly been raised. This furniture is really
in keeping with the general wishes of the consumer,
it offers excellent quality at attractive prices. As to the
designs, the designers will have a deciding say, who, in
constant touch with the consumers' masses, will establish
the models without causing, however, a hampering of the
process of production, where the line of conduct must
remain (t manufacture on the running belt)). This furni-
ture is made of oak, beech and maple wood.
Together with the creation of several models of standard-
ised house furniture (bedrooms, dining-rooms, nurseries
and kitchens), our regime of People's Democracy has
assigned other tasks to the furniture industry: furnishing
the rest-homes with comfortable furniture, to make as
pleasant as possible the stay of the working people who
come, there to restore their health and furnishing with
original furniture the day-nurseries, creches and can-
teens.
By attentively studying the various models. We
have got at furnishing these institutions with furni-
ture most suitable and. combining all qualities toward
being pleasant, useful and solidly made of oak and beech-
wood.
In connection with the culturalisation of the broad
masses, the furnishing of theatres, picture theatres, enter-
tainment halls and lecturing rooms has marked a large
scale development. The seats made most. comfortable
and by perfected technique, are of bcechwood.
In this respect the production of our country has marked
a raised qualitative level ensuring a large export of theatre
furniture and many theatrical premises in the world
are furnished with Rumanian furniture.
Following the fundamental reorganisation of education
in our country, new schools have been set up whose
furnishing with appropriate school furniture is an im-
portant task assigned to our furniture industry. To meet
the demand for furnishing new schools and replacing
old furniture, our furniture industry has created a
quite new style for school furniture, practical and of
sober elegance, where the connnon forms are giving
way to a type of furniture with individual designs.
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Prior to the nationalisation, our furniture industry was
completely devoid of homogeneity in production. At pre-
sent, only two years after the nationalisation of the indus-
try, planned production has solved this problem. We are
making in serial production office furniture of oak wood
in absolutely practical models, straight lines and an attract.
ive style. We have created modern types well conceived
and appropriate to normal use as well as heavier models
for special orders in excellent execution, made of walnut
or oak wood.
Office desks, tyFewriter tables, filing shelves and roll-top
cabinets made on thcrunning belt are available in excellent
qualities.
A. large scale development has been marked by the
furnishing of various public institutions, hotels in watering
places and health resorts, sanatoria etc.
A separate chapter in the field of Rumanian furniture
is the bent furniture of the s Thonet-Mundus > system.
It is a production which by superior quality, perfect
utility and excellent finish has ensured itself a permanent
outlet on the international markets. The variety of the
models is safeguarded for both consumer furniture and
individual taste. All these qualities ensure to our bent
furniture a heavy demand.
The supply of most perfect equipment to our production
units, careful selection of artisans and workers from the
most valuable elements, co-operation with architect-design-
ers who elaborate most varied models coping with all
demands and careful execution of high quality wood as
well as variety of well conceived models, ensure to
Rumanian furniture a frontrank place on the interna-
tional market.
The production of Rumanian furniture, fostered in
its continuous development by our State of People's
Democracy and benefiting by the large prospects
of our first Five Year Plan, is setting out along
a healthy road, being in a position to serve the broad
masses of the people at home and contributing to
an important and ever increasing to our extent
export.
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Our master wood-
carvers have revived
an old tradition
 (:erainics with stylised national patterns
I~XPOR T PRODUCTION
OF R lrMA 1TIAV HANDICRAFT
I N the Rumanian People's Republic, special attention is paid to
turning into account the splendid products of handicraft.
The commercialisation of the products of Rumanian handicraft on
foreign markets has excellent prospects due to exceptional quality and
artistic execution.
Our national carpets and blouses are appreciated by art connoisseurs the
world over ; the differentiation from region to region gives rise to rich va-
riations of the same theme which, to be sure, is the very charm of popular
art represented by these products.
The quality of the materials from which the products of our handicraft
are made, is an important factor in their appreciation ; the wool from which
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the carpets are made is Rumanian wool, spun and twisted in this country,
dyed in original Rumanian colours of superior quality, pleasant to the eye
and resistant to light and moisture. From this wool the waft is made, 20-24
threads to a square centimetre, while the warp is made from fishing yarn,
very resistant, with 4 to 6 threads to the square centimetre. These carpets and
rugs are woven on high-warp looms. The models are selected from specific
Oltenian or Moldavian patterns or are modernised creations, where the
design, inspired by classical models, is combined with harmonious
colours.
Our rugs are real art objects and may creditably stand alongside similar
artistic creations of foreign countries. They can be used as rugs to cover
floors, as ornaments on walls or as covers for lounges, adding everywhere
a note of liveliness and originality, of good taste. These rugs are an important
export staple of Rumanian handicraft.
The Rumanian national blouses with short and long sleeves are made
for export by numbers of handicraft co-operatives where scores of peasant
women are assembling jointly to apply their skill to this work. Entire regions
specialised in this art make their contribution to the arrangement of colours
and the achievement of most varied and charming patterns. The national
blouses are made from extremely fine white cloth made of extrafine
cotton 120/2 on which motives of popular inspiration are embroidered with
thrown and gassed mercerised cotton yarn in attractive colours such as
bright red, bland blue, yellow, proud like an ear of ripe wheat, quiet green, all
of them combined in most varied needlework.
Oa:- l;,asant women display in this needlework their splendid
fancy ,,d l,licate points of embroidery; there are many demands from
Hand-l;erinted wooden objects
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everywhere for our modernised blouses which go with elegant evening
skirts.
In order to make known abroad the possibilities of our handicraft.
ethnographical dolls have been created.
30--35 centimetres high. they are dressed in authentic national costumes
from various regions. The blending of brisk and mild colours M. these
costumes is added to the charming aspect of these dolls : f iris or brown. their
heads are real heads of' expression. boys and girls f 4rining charming
couples.
The costume, the linen. the peasant sandals, everything is worked by
hand and these dolls are a product in which our handicraft. may justly rake
pride and which will make the joy of children everywhere.
To the articles of' handicraft available for export belong also ladies'
work and darning baskets. These baskets are plaited from cleft
 osiers and have a round or rectangular shape and are dyed with bright
colours, blue, green, red, yellow or in the natural colours of the osier ;
the inside and top and bottom are lined with printed cloth showing
a pattern either of flowers or of stripes or squares harmoniously adapted
to the colour of the respective baskets so as to present a bright and
charming aspect.
The darning baskets are also plaited. from osier in the shape of a ball
with a handle to be passed over the arm. They are dyed in bright colours
and adorned with little felt flowers in various colours ; they are both practical
and attractive. Careful execution and charming aspect make these baskets an
item very much appreciated by our buyers abroad.
Our handicraft is also turning into account the possibilities of our
country in the timber sector.
Objects of handicraft made of wood are also the result of the activity of
our artistic craftsmen in wielding the chisel, the saw and the hammer. They
are making letter-openers of choice wood, with the handle carved in various
models, round snuff -boxes made of maple-wood in nature colour, cigarette
cases made of cherry-wood in three sizes, all of them polished, rustic dishes,
big and small, hand-painted with authentic Ramanian motives by decorative
artists and subsequently polished, little dowry-chests of minutious and
careful execution, little looms as playthings, adorned with hand-painted
motives and polished, ingeniously executed. With these little looms one can
really weave and this is why they are making the joy of little girls and
prospective house-wives.
Buttons with relief carvings, based on picturesque motives such as
pussies. frogs, wind-mills, flowers and cherries painted in brisk colours
and lacquered : they can be utilised for children's and ladies' dresses, blouses
etc. and are charming by their fanciful execution.
Carved wooden figurine
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Another item of our handicraft very much in demand are our chess
travelling sets. These sets, small in size, are ingeniously conceived : the
pieces can be fixed to the fields by small pegs and remain stable at any
position of the chess-board.
The chess-sets are made of polished cherry-wood and walnut-wood in
two colours and are minutiously finished.
An important incentive has been given. to the production of artistic
ceramics. Various trinkets representing flowers and other plants, ani mils
and various motives inspired from nature, dyed with harmonious colours,
are a genuine delight of the eyes due to their artistic execution and may
adorn the most pretentious interior.
In order to place our handicraft in the service of practical consumer
goods, the e ROMANOEXPORT> Company, State Enterprise for Foreign
Trade is continuously bent on creating new and ingenious articles in-
cluding desk-lamps and bedside-lamps in various shapes lit by small interior
bulbs with a charming effect. To their commercial value, one must add a
sure artistic value.
The preoccupations of Rumanian handicraft have also been directed
towards turning into account by objects of craftsmanship the Rumanian
aragonit and amber.
The aragonit, a mineral product of' our country unique in Europe,
resembling marble, can be minutiously worked into decorative objects of
various kinds much in demand on foreign markets for their beauty, the
choice material and careful
execution. It is success-
fully utilised for making
Wood-carving
ash-trays, desk-sets, vases, powder-boxes and boxes for sweets. Aragonit has
a quite remarkable effect and becomes more beautiful by polishing ; the
objects made from this mineral have a sober but very pleasant aspect
by their warm tone, yellow, grey-green, red, white, black with white
stripes etc.
Rumanian amber has been long since renowned all over the world
for its beauty. The variety called and (e L 2 a are different from Model a P r) by hrving
adapted to it a table in the form of a small chest which constitutes
a fine piece of furniture worth being placed everywhere, without
disturbing the ensemble of furniture; using it is a real pleasure.
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TURNING INTO ACCOUNT SILVEilI'ARE
TILE subsoil of our country, abundant in metal ores of
all kinds contains also important argentiferous deposits.
The economic policy of our regime of People's Democracy
which ensures the turning into account of our natural
Wealth under most favourable conditions, attaches special
importance to enhance silver by turning it into various
objects.
To this effect a. number of special units have been set up
where specialists of high craftsmanship are working under
modern technical conditions articles of blameless execution
and finish which enjoy international renown.
Today our country is carrying on one of the most impor-
tant silverware industries in South-East Europe and is in a
position to offer on foreign markets important quantities of
articles of silverware.
The precious metal is worked according to home models
or original models for special orders : it is thus shaped in a
splendid variety of forms bestowing on. the objects an aspect
of perfect artistic taste.
Objects of chased silver, burnished and stylish silverware
,
cigarette-cases, trays, baskets, water bottles and decanters,
coffee- and tea-sets, sets of knives, forks and spoons etc. attract
the eye by the elegance of the models and the impeccable
finish..
Our silverware is made from silver of a fineness of 835/1000
marked by the Government Assay Office, but can be made
with any other silver standard upon. request of the buyer.
Among the many objects made by our silverware industry
we mention :
Water bottles or decanters in two sizes : large size, weight
500-600 grams, capacity 1--1/4 litres, chased on the neck
or on the neck and belly of the bottle : small bottles and
decanters, weight 350-400 grams, capacity 3114 litres, chased
only on the neck.
Silver- trays and baskets are made with a great ranging
from 0.200-4 kg, according to the model, chasing, use and
wish of the buyer. Most varied models of perfect taste and
artistically chased are available in rich selections.
Cigarette-cases are made with a weight varying from 300
to 600 grams in sizes 16 X 20 X 14 and 10 X 4 X 6 cm. The
weight of these cases depends on the model and size. They
are lined with polished cherry-wood.
An important export item are our beautiful sets of fork,
knife and spoon made of massive silver in various styles
(most in demand is the (( Biedermeyer )>-style) for 6, 12 or 24
persons. These sets are made by pressing or by hand in perfect
execution combining elegance and practicality. Many designs
and shapes make these silver sets present a variety of models
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fully satisfying the most pretentious foreign buyers. At the
same time their way of execution, bestow on them a solidity
which is a quality in pus, bearing in mind that time bears
on their wear and tear to the smallest extent. possible.
Apart from their being a real adornment of the table, they
are to an equal extent an important economic value as the
alloys from which they are made are specially studied in
this respect.
The packing of silverware for export is specially chosen
to ensure maintenance under most favourable conditions dur-
ing shipment and storage. Each object is separately wrapped
in white non-acidous tissue paper to forestal contact with
the air, and subsequently paced in cardboard boxes of var-
ious sizes and shapes according to the objects, specially
ordered which in their turn. are put into cases of various
sizes according to the importance of the order.
Selected models, delicacy of chasing, harmony of lines,
blameless execution and elegance combined with practicality
make the objects worked by the Rumanian silverwt.; industry
articles appreciated by connoisseurs all over the world and
ensures them a well- ce -, erved renown on The world market.
The r-
sheep (coarse wool), but especially those of the Astrakhan.
type of sheep (the skin of new-born, lambs killed to have the
wool coat keep curly, is called a Caracul n in trade). At the
present time, selection following scientific criteria is going
on on numerous Astrakhan sheep breeding farms so as to
obtain a superior quality of the fur.
The quality of Caracul skins is characterised by the follow-
ing attributes: design, curling, lustre, uniformity and shape
of* curling, size and suppleness of the skin and direction of
the curling.
Astrakhan skins are classified, as follows: Super-Extra.
Extra, First A, Firsts, Seconds, Thirds, Fourths and
rejects.
7'igae and Turcana sheep-skins are shipped raw-salted
and raw-air-dried or dressed, according to the wishes of the
customer, and are used for all kinds of clothing and other
articles.
Caracul skins, carefully sorted according to quality, are
paeksd in, large bales, hooped so as to best resist transport.
We have started in this country, very successfully too,
the manufacture of various confections, such as fur jackets
for children, sporting clothing for men and women, sport
jerkins a. s. f. made of dressed sheep skin dyed with
first class dyes, tasteful and extremely practical ; these items
stand comparison with any similar articles made abroad.
The Company iROM(NOEXPORT >, State Enterprise
for Foreign Trade is handling the sale and export of
Rumanian skins and furs in all possible forms and offers
to its customers choice goods from their origin.
Mechanical dressing of leather
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Rhode Isl'anrl cock. 9 breed acclimatized in our State /'arms
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EXPORT OF LIVE AND DRESSED-
FROZEN POULTRY
Oil E of the present main preoccupations of our eco-
nomic authorities in this country is the rise of the
poultry sector.
The large scale regeneration of the breeds, the rise in the
number of stations for incubation, breeding and reproduc-
e ion, as well as the increase of the capacity of industrial
fattening stations for poultry, slaughtering houses and
frigotechnical units for freezing and storage with a view
to export are problems, some of which have been partly
resolved and others scheduled for resolving without delay.
By perfect co-operation between State farms and small
farmers we could set about regenerating the breeds of
poultry as early as 1948 under the direct supervision of
specialists from the State farms.
Till after the war of 1941-1944 there existed no unity
of common views among the steering organs of the res-
pective economic sector. Breeding and rational utilisation
of poultry were carried on at random with the State
interfering only on very rare occasions. This is why the
export of poultry was by no means a serious preoccupation
for turning into account this wealth which in this country
had all conditions required for its development.
Live poultry export
There are available for export Leghorn and Rhode
Island hens and chicken, Emdem geese and Peking ducks,
as well as common breeds and turkey-hens and -cocks.
All this poultry is exported out of the new annual pro?-
duction and complies with all other conditions, weight etc.
Live poultry exported are in healthy condition, of ex-
cellent quality and their collection from farms or producers
is carried on under strict and permanent health control.
Special wagons with partitions perfectly disinfected ensure
poultry shipments under most favourable conditions up to
destination.
Dressed and frozen poultry export
Battening, chiefly of chicken, and killing and freezing
for export have been the production base of the respective
industrial sector up to .1939.
At the outbreak of the war, this activity discontinued
and its technical units had much to suffer as a result
of the war.
The rehabilitation and re-conditioning of the old units
and the setting up of new ones could not be started until
in 1948, when relations with international markets were
Rhode island
chick
Leghorn liens
 L
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resumed and the first exports of dressed and frozen poultry
were attempted after the war.
For the maintenance of the existing outlets and for
obtaining new markets, the quality of these products is
excellent, bearing in mind that the whole circuit of pro-
duction is adapted to this end.
From incubators and breeding stations to fattening
stations and slaughtering houses, veterinary supervision
is strictly maintained.
To obtain a quality superior from every paint of view, the
poultry pass before being killed through fattening stations.
There are such stations for chicken and hens at each of
the eight big slaughtering houses and freezing installations
for poultry in this country with a total fattening capacity
of 500,000 per series.
The poultry are subjected to a regime of special feeding
based on albumins and milk, for 10-15 days. Special
spacious and tidy hen-houses ensure perfect rest under most
favourable conditions resulting in an appreciable stratum
of fat deposited on the meat and at the same time in more
tenderness of the latter. Such quality of poultry is much
in demand in Switzerland, Germany, Austria, France,
Italy, Belgium and other countries. The fattening stations
for geese and ducks are considered as being among the
most up-to-date in Europe. Set up at vast farms, these
towns as it were with houses for the poultry have a ca-
pacity for 150,000 head per series and ensure to our export
safe qualities for safe markets.
From poultry subjected to various regimes of feeding
and various ter s of keeping in fattening stations, the
various qualities demanded by foreign buyers are ob-
tained. In general, these fattening stations used to
ensure only a quantitatively larger output and more
tender meat. Due to numbers of experiments crow icd
with success we have obtained in 1948 further results
namely :
? . layer of fat on the back varying, according to
treatment from 0.40 centimetres to 1.8 centimetres ;
? a skin of pink-white or yellowish colour.
To these results we owe massive demands from buyers
abroad.
By socialist emulations carried on among the units we
have obtained these results which, by exchange of expe-
riences have been popularised all over the fattening
stations.
The small poultry breeders in the Banate and Northern
Transylvania practice the forcible fattening (cramming) of
geese and ducks ensuring to export a quality of poultry
much in demand abroad as regards fat.
Subjected to a regime of superalimentation during 25
days, the quantitative yield obtained is of about 60 per
cent fat, whereby the consumer gets from a goose of
roughly 7 kg an average of 3 kg of fat.
Turkeys are also subjected to a special fattening
regime for 10 days, the basis of feeding being milk and
walnuts.
A goose-town
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The killing of poultry
The killing of poultry is carried out in modern abattoirs
under the permanent supervision of technicians and vete-
rinary surgeons.
Strict tidiness in the abattoirs and care in the manipu-
lation of the killed poultry ensures a neat aspect of the
carcasses.
To ensure perfect and uniform quality for export the
processing of the poultry is standardised and can be mo-
dified only upon request of the buyer abroad.
The standardisation operation starts from the fattening
and killing. The plucking, evisceration, processing with
or without heads, feet and offals are carried out in con-
for-nity with uniform directions.
The dressing and sorting according to quality and weight
is carried out in rooms with a definite temperature, giving
much attention to packing.
The poultry is packed in uniform cases made of dry
timber without knotholes with planed tops and bottoms
and boards of a thickness corresponding to the weight and
the resistance required. The cast, is lined with parchment
paper and the carcasses are wrapped in fine parchmented
satin paper or cellophane (chicken). After the packing of
the poultry, the cases are carried from the pre-freezing
chambers to the freezing chambers and subjected to it
temperature of minus 17-] 8? C for 72 hours.
At some of the freezing stations, the system of rapid
(shock) freezing at a temperature of minus 25-3G? C has
been introduced.
Qualities and assortments of e.xpor?t poultry
Due to the attention with which standardisation is being
applied and to the tenacity with which the units have
specialised themselves in treating definite kinds and quali-
ties of poultry and due to the permanent veterinary super-
vision, we have marked, after the modest beginnings of
1948, the export of 1000 tons in 1949 and the scheduling
under the 1950 plan of a quantity of 2,500 tons, a quantity
that surely will. be exceeded.
Thanks to the continuity of the measures taken for
improving this sector, we shall mark in 1951 an export of
3,500 tons of poultry.
We are exporting:
1. Chicken. 2. Fowl. 3. Geese (fattened and crammed).
4. Ducks. 5. Turkeys. 6. Guinea Fowl.
The standards provided for the above poultry are the
following :
Thorough-bred fowl from the State farms, subject-
ed to industrial fattening and sorted according to quality
 and weight with differences of 100 grains between the
various categories. 'Fowl qualitatively corresponding, from
500 to 2,000 grams. Up to 1,000 grams per head they are
packed 20 to a case from 1,100 to 1,400 grams incl. 12
to a case and. 1,500 to 2,000 grams, l0 to a case. The net
weight of each case is of 20 kg.
Peasant-bred fowl sujected to fattening are packed
separately. They have the same characteristics as the fore-
goin g.
liens : fattened, have tender skin of white colour, are
well grown, with round breasts, fleshy and with a layer of fat
on the back. They are packed, irrespective of number, 20
kg net to the case. The carcasses are almost of the same
weight. We are packing for export hens from 1,200 to
2,500 grams.
Fattened geese: for roasting and fat. In packing, the
colour, the fat-layer and the weight of the carcass are
taken into consideration in the first place. They are packed
6 to a case of 22, 24, 26 and 28 kg net cacti case. Those
up to 26 kg a case are special geese for roasting.
Cranrined geese: Packed according to weight 5-6--7
geese to a case of a net weight of 30, 33, 36 kg respectively
each case.
Fattened ducks for roasting : the same character-
istics as with fattened geese are observed when sorting the
ducks. They are packed 5, 6, 7, 8 ducks to a case of a net
weight of 12 kg. Minimum weight per duck 1,250 kg.
Ducks crammed for fat : for export, ducks with a
chick layer of fat are sorted. They are packed 5-6--7
ducks to a case of 16 kg net weight.
Turkeys : as there are only young turkeys exported,
cocks and hens are sorted separately. Minimum weight
per hen 2,5 kg. Net weight per case 30 kg. The car-
casses are of almost uniform size. The tail feathers are not
plucked.
Guinea foil'/ : t.h.ey are treated and sorted according
to wishes of buyers, either eviscerated (keeping the feathers)
or plucked. Minimum weight 0.600 kg. Packed like fowl.
Poultry is stored in special chambers at a temperature
of minus 6 to 80 C.
The same attention is attached to the shipments of
poultry by rail. They are carried out in refrigerated cars
with artificial ice or in wagons with motor-propelled cool-
ing.
Goose liver : another important export item is goose
liver taken from crammed geese. Its quality depends on
the food given to the bird. Fresh liver is sorted according
to aspect, colour and weight. It is packcd,each liver separa-
tcly, in fine satin parchment paper. Tee is laid between
the layers. The cases of a net weight of 15, 20, 25 kg are
shipped by airplane or by international dispatch-goods
service.
Tinned ?poultry: notwithstanding the fact that there
are at present no shipment of tinned poultry meat carried
out, attempts made at special factories have given satisfact-
ory results enabling its to schedule this item in next
year's export plan. There are exported at present:
Smoked goose in technical conditions
as required by buyer. Packed in cases of 15, 20, 25 kg net
weight.
The production for expert is realised by the State trade
enterprise e PRODALIMENT > and the export of these
products carried out by the State trade enterprise
ePRODEXPORT t in Bucharest, Strada Ion Ghiea Nr. 3,
which offers the goods and concludes export contracts
with importing firms.
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 PAPER AND CARDBOARD INDUSTRY
DESPITE the fact that war and the fascist invader have
left ruin and disaster in our paper industry too, des-
troying totally or partially our paper mills and devast-
ating their installations, these mills, thanks to the ini-
tiative of our regime of People's Democracy, have been
restored within a short time and equiped with up-to-date
installations. They are working today to their full capacity,
a capacity that is now larger than in pre-war years. The
technical equipment and the accessories required, all of
them of the most up-to-date type and imported mostly
from the Soviet Union have contributed to the rise of the
production capacity of our paper mills, enabling them to
work more rationally and to improve at the same time
the quality of our various paper products.
The relentless work of our engineers and technicians
gives ever improving results and, consequently, our special
papers, such as cigarette paper, tracing paper, ozolithe
paper, filtering-paper, paraffined papers and photographic
papers which formerly were imported, are now made in
our paper-mills in a quality successfully competing with
foreign products.
The Five Year Plan of the Rumanian People's Republic
calls for an increase in the production of paper of every
kind, ensuring us, apart form meeting home demand,
an important excess available for export.
The most important descriptions for our export are:
thin paper for packing citric fruits, the outlet for
which is the Near-East. This paper is supplied in an
extremely fine quality, in attractive colours, with the
firm, the design and the denomination of the article im-
printed on it according to the client's request.
Among other descriptions of thin paper we mention:
Cigarette paper, which was formerly imported and is
now made in our country in quality, weight and technical
conditions identical with those of the best brands of
cigarette paper abroad.
Tissue-paper made with a weight of 19-24 g/m2
in. various colours. The quality of this paper which is used
for packing shows an amazing tensile strength despite
its ieduced weight.
Onion-skirt paper usually made with a weight
of 30 -- 32 g/m2, white and coloured, for second
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sheets, super -calendered or mat, according to wish of
clients.
We are also exporting various vellum papers, made
100 per cent of cellulose pulp, such as: Bankpost, minis-
terial, art-paper, lithograph-paper, vellum paper for biblio-
phile editions, ledger paper, writing paper, which all are
recognized by buyers abroad as being of a quality superior
to similar foreign products and much on demand on world
paper markets. They are supplied super-calendered or mat,
sized for writing purposes or unsized for bibliophile editions,
striped or unstriped, checked and ruled in various colours.
Drawing paper is also very much in demand and
supplied plain or in various granulations.
When dealing with fine papers, we must not leave
out papers with an admixture of rag pulp, most of
them made with various water-marks and perfectly ho-
mogeneous.
Next comes the category of papers with an admixt-
ure of cellulose and wood-pulp such as: semi-vellum
writing paper and book-paper, plain bock-paper, striped
and unstriped, paper for school-manuals, writing paper,
white and coloured , rotogravure-paper etc., the
quality of which has consolidated the prestige of the
Rumanian paper industry.
From all parts of the world we get orders for our
news print, both in plane and rotatory size, which, by
its tensile strength, the beautiful shade cf its colour, its
faultless calendering competes with the products of the
Scandinavian countries.
Another item are our papers super-calendered on
one side only, made wholly or partially from cellulose
pulp such as: poster-paper, cellulose packing paper, brown
< kraftpack > packing paper, sulphite paper, industrial
paper for textile rolls, which have a very varied and mul-
tiple use.
We must also mention the excellent quality of our
parchment papers which are made in the following des-
criptions: fine parchment paper, parchment imitation
paper, parchment paper etc.
Moreover, we are making high quality cardboard.
Frontrank stand our < E1fenbein > cardboard, by its ivory
colour and lustre, the a Bristol > cardboard, white,
brown or grey, to the full satisfaction of our buyers.
 Apo
Cutting of paper-roUs
Corrugated card board is made with 1. or 3 lavers.
h ar?d eardboar'ds, such as #PresspanS, uGlanzpappes,
< Jacquard))., a Brandpappe >, special cardboards fcr trunk-
cases, (leather imitation). electro-ir sulating cardboards,
moulds. a Gelenkpappe s, cardboard for packings are wade
in perfect quality with a high resistance to leaking.
Our papier-niachi~, white, brown or grey. according
as it is made from wood-pulp or waste paper. gives
excellent results and is utilised for varic,us sorts of
packing, boxes and cases, superseding gradually on the
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markets where it has been introduced the packing
made of tinplate, timber, glass etc. Our papier-mache
cases are currently utilised for packing sugar, as they
resist to a weight of 50 kg.
Our Asphatt cardboard made from a cardboard with
100 per cent cellulose, or 30 per cent and 50 per cent
rags fillerized is used with excellent results for roofing,
construction and various kinds of insulation.
These positive results of paper production in our
country are chiefly due to the fact that there are avail-
able in this country huge resources of raw material
offered by our forestry, and on the other hand to the
rational processing of these raw materials of cellulose
and wood pulp which are the basic material for paper
manufacture.
Stationery such as: folders,copy-books, blocks, agendas,
textile rolls, albums, portfolios, paper envelopes, paper-
wool. and toilet paper, paper bags and sacks (for sugar,
cement etc.), packing boxes and cases made of papier-
mache are all made in a. quality in keeping with the
demands of foreign markets.
Other products such as < inoliftan> , a tanning material
for processing raw hides and used in the oil industry,
viscose, used ever more in the textile industry, both
by-products of the cellulose industry, are also impor-
tant items exported by our paper industry.
Our Five Year Plan provides for the heavy production.
of such descriptions as : parchment paper, clectro-insula-
ting paper, cellophane paper etc.
Special attention is also given to the study by our
engineers and technicians of the rational processing of
our reed which is growing in huge quantities in the Danube
delta and, due to its high content of cellulose, is consi-
dered to be the best in Europe. The solving of this pro-
blem will give rise to a still greater development of Ruma-
nian paper manufacture.
The export of all products of the Rumanian paper
industry is handled by the EXPORTLEMi1 Company,
a State enterprise for foreign trade, Bucharest, Piata
Rosetti \r. 4, P. 0. B. 416, which is permanently exhi-
biting at international sample-fairs the products of our
paper industry and will be glad. to send its catalogues
to foreign buyers interested in them.
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Automatic
manufacture
of paper-bags
 Approved For Release 2002/08/15 : CI
R UIVIANIA N VITIC ULT URA:
TTIF culture of vine in the Rumanian People's 1Zepu-
blic has been practised since the oldest times.
The developmerr.t o f this culture is explained by our
climate a.nd soil, particularly favourable for the cultivation
of vi,rre.
As in very few other countries, our soil is composed of
eruptive rocks, dejection cones, metamorphic, or calcareous
rocks upon which fine, sands and loess were deposited erred
on. the surface a layer of fine humus.
This granular structure of the soil allows for a good
permeability of the soil for water a.nd for the possibility
of plants spreading their roots.
The pluviometric reg%ms, showing an annual rainfall of
4-500 millimetres distributed among the epochs most
favourable, to vineyards, with a. rainfall before and one after
fecundation, favourable winds acrd winters with late frosts
produce a. correlation between climate and soil must profit-
able to the growth and fructification of vine. To this must
be added the wonderful Sub-Carpathian hill ranges exposed
to the South, often passing into valleys. These valleys cause
the vi,rre to rnature uniformly, slowly and to synthesise har-
rrtoniously all its components, thanks to th.e exceptional
conditions of rlim,ate, soil and exposure and, at the same
tiarte, to acquire i.ts special flavour and bouquet.
On the accession to power of the regime of People's Demo-
cracy, it was provided in the State Plans the problem of
fully turning this great national wealth into account.
Vast surfaces covered witTc < direct producers ~> (hybrids)
were turned up and re-planted with noble species of vine ;
the surface covered by these noble vines is, this year, by l5 per
cent larger than i.n 1944. Besides, new methods of advanced
agrotechnique were i.n.troduced i,n. the culture of our vi.ne-
~?ards.
oolong shape, o~ green. cotou.r avrth a golden hue.
The regions of Putrra, Dealul 11'Tare and Ostrov
are renowned for the culture of tliis variety.
Coax?na neag~?a (black cornel) : elually
resistant to transport, of fragrant flavour, par-
ticularly attractive as regards looks, and con-
taining an appreciable quantity of sugar.
Principal regions for its culture are Valea
Crapes packed for export Calugareasca, Buzau, Putna.
4?
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Vintage
The State fauns, whi.clr are o~cnirrg the naajori.ty
of our vineyards, have technical experts who a.re
applying these methods.
An imrnediate consequence was the ever i,ncreasi.ng
export of grapes. This year, alone, our export has
topped that of the year 1949 by 1000 per cent. This
is also clue to the perfect conditions of delivery,
packing and trarasportatiorr, corresponding to such
export. 1Ve have been exporting and can export
huge quantities of the following varieties :
Af2~.z-1112: rery resistant to transport and durable,
wiah thick skins and of pleasant taste. The clus-
ters are large up to 2kgr, the berries are large, of
 Approved For Release 2002/08/15 :CIA-RDP83-004158012000010005-1
ltiTuscat-$aynburg : black colour, very arornat%c, firr.e
skin. is grown in th.e regi.orxs of Putna, R. Sarat and Dealul
Mare.
Chasselas-Dori: colour greenish with a golden hue,
round berries, thin skiar. Regions of production are Putna,
Rd.mnicu-Sara.t, Buzau and Dealul Mare.
Of ~thi-s quality very important quantities are available
for export.
The transportation, of grapes is ensured by means of special
fast trains.
As regards packing, we are using re Dutch> beech cases,
of !3 to IO kg, which render possible transportation without
the grapes suffering undue pressure.
IVotwitltstanding the fact, that we have exported and plan-
i f i:ed grape export on an ever irxcreasirrg scale, very large
quantities are left for the wine-press.
From these grape varieties of fine quality we produce,
using rational procedures of wine-making, wine of super-
ior quality. Lately, tlae attention of our specialists has
been directed towards the production of choice wine, pro-
perly blended to keep and improve their qualities. To this
end cold sterilisation is applied by pieso-electricity, method
tried out with success i-n our country.
Part of the zvine is being standardised in huge glass-lined
bassiaxs, whereby wine is obtained that keeps and improves
i.ts natural qualities.
~ls va.rieties we export the following qualities of wine
Aligote, Pi,not Gris and Franc, Trarniner, < Feteasca >
Riesling, Cabernet, Muscat, Frontignon, arxd
.
TJxe regions producing wines cf high quality in important
quantities are
Odobe~t2-Pa~7CZ'tc; wines of a yellow colour, strengths
11-13?, dryish and strongly aromatic.
Systematic treatment of choice ki-xds of wine
~11'u.d ; xui.nes o f a white-yellowish. colour, prorroxxnced
acidity, strength 1l r~z to I~?.
Tarnava ~fllba anct Media) : prodnce wiaxes of
pronounced bouquet and aroma, normal aridity, very strong
13-I6?, and with a rather high content of Trot fermentable
sugar, which Pauses these wines to be in great demand as
dessert-wine.
R~tnat (Termi.na) : wines of a wlri.te-greenish colour, low
acidity, strength 10-I2? and with characteristic bouquet,
very much appreciated on some markets.
Cotnaz?2 ~.Iasi~ : fine xvine, liqueur-ish, colour yelloxv-
ish, very fit as dessert wine. Its bouquet and savour as
well as its attractive colour and i.ts strength result i.n this
xvirre competing gvith the growths o f T?kay, Ma.dcira or Porto.
Besides these natural wines of excellent quality we pro-
duce important quantities of specialties.
The Champaign we a.re producing at present under
scientific ~.vorking conditions is vieing xvi,th the French
product.
Ike are equally in a position to produce zviyte dzslilla-te
i.n. stills of the most up-to-date type.
The production of distillate exceeds by fa.r our home-needs
so that we, can export important quantities.
Of late, special development has bern taken by the maxrrr-
facture of c'orteentr'ated ntttst in most up-to-date appara-
tuses, permitting for the preservations of the vitami.rr.es and
specific aroma of the grapes.
Packing of wine and wine products is made in
oak casks or in bottles wrapped iax tissue paper and
straw or rush hulls. We can equally export wine in tank-
wagons.
Our State wine sector has embraced the entire problem of
viticulture and wine-making. Due to this fact deliveries are
prompt and superior qualities ensured.
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F'rl ~~TCY iVIO.ROCCO
L IA T~II]R l~ O O D tS'
~'E o~ the finest successes o~ our f'ancv leather i.aulustrv is (lut
Production of fancy leather ,mods made Fiona pi;~~skin.
Travelling outfit, ladies handbca~~s, pocket~?books raid fire other
articles of this branch of trade have caused. bti~ their E~l~~~rurt
forms a.nd careful execution to the fin.ast details, the interest nf'
visitors at the various iratenaatio~l-al fairs i.Yi. which our co~antr~~
parti,ripated.
These successes arc due on. one hand to fife modern. egaipment
with which our industry has beers. endnzverl aud. on the other h~urd,
to tine spirit of enthusiasm and initi,ati.ve, characteristic of the z~~orkrrr;r
effort of our industrial craftsmeaa. tachniciaais u.~ad engi.raeers.
The raid material cased ~pigskin~ is supplied bti' the auanaerou,e
pig-breeding stations which succeed in proridi-irg our 117orocco Iez~ther
industry with ever increasing quarati.ties o~ hides perfi~ctly fit fir
fraying and stocking.
Our slaughter house establishments disposing of raiiproved naacltii.~a-
ery (electric katives~ allow fora uni~orm anal rapid fi-ayi.rrg cad
ensure the good quality of the rasv hides sit th.e pha-se. o~' preparation
for tanaaiaag.
For the tannery processing of pigskiars by fife chrome nand vegetal
tanasing procedure, our tanneries a.re easing tine most anodenr equi.pane-nt,
thanks to which superior leather qualities are being produced.
Our engineers and technicians have succeeded, thanks to inland
dyas and taaani,ng products to obtain a range of colours ideally suit-
able for this type of articles.
Our enterprise is presently iaa a posi.tiora to supply i.anportant
quantities of pigskin. articles, natural, pressed anal not pressed,
in an irreproa.claable execution and at prices below the level of those
asked for by competitors, such us
T1?a2~el/iyt~ cases : silk lined (naoire~, broach or beige, with a-ai
elastic pocket ; elegant brass-coloured lochs eaisure safety ; leather
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corner fittings fixed b~? brassplated rivets ensure resistance to wear
and elegant looks of the case. The handle is set irr metallic fixtures.
They are produced irr, various shades (within the range of nature
colour) and in various shades according to the tuish of the customer.
Ilat-boxes: lining same as for travelling cases, eventually pro-
vided with a pocket : classic form provided with a thong brace serving
as handle and at the same time increasing the resistance of the box ;
brass-plated safety-lock ; entirely handmade and particularly elegant.
X121' t~?avelling cases: lined as above ; made of soft leather to
ensure light weight ; provided with zip fastener and two additional
thongs for resistance ; fully handmade, particularly elegant.
l a.d2es' travelli~ag handbags :provided with two inner pockets
with flaps, moire-lined, one or two outer pockets with safety clasps,
handles with metal fixtures for weight. Locking device of the ~~ Tuk-
a'it ~> lock type.
I'o1?tfolios and b1?ief=Cases : l~in.ed with leather and silk,
provided with inner and outer pockets ; the lockers are made of
brass-plated metal with safety-keys. The brief-cases have zip fasteners
botlr inside and outside.
Ladies' handbags :leather or silk-lined, provided with several
inner au,d outer elastic or flap pockets. Various models and sizes.
I)1'essing-cases : inside and outside same as for standard
tl'(LUellT,rlg cases. The inside is provided laterally with a set of toilet-
articles made of crystal with encrusted white metal tops of quiet and
inconspicuous elegance.
("ayes fnt' toilet a~'ticles : The inside i.s silk-lined and
provided with leather straps for toilet articles made of metal and
crystal ; they are practical and elegant.
Our indr~cstry offers furthermore other fancy leather goods, such as
belts, pocket-books, purses, key-cases a. s. f. of an ~irreproa~chable
execution, made of first quality lea-ther.
.'Moreover there are articles belonging to current productiorr, in Mo-
rocro fancy leather goods, the State F~uterprise ,
in the wish of ren.derirag kno;vn to foreign customers the quality of the
leather and the high class 7eorkma.nship, is willing to accept special
orders for fancy leather goods after models subrrti,tted by clients.
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EXPORT OF MINERAL WATER
TIlE Rumanian. People's Republic is our of the n=chest
foarxt~TlrS L7L mLnfral watCTS Orx Oar a.O7xtxneii.t.
T'he wonderful curative qualities of our various nxinrrnl
u?atrrs have been established by scientific rrsrarrlx, arxalysis
arxd exprrirnce.
Our most rerxown.ed table-xvatrrs are : < I3orsrc >, hypotorxic,
allr.aline lbicarboaate of Ga and Mg), rarbo-gaseous ; it is
per.-eminen-tly a fable-seater, being an appetiser anal very
indicated as a stimulus ,for the digestive functions. 1t is the-
rapeutirally indicated for : gastric h.ypochlorhydria, chronic
gastro-erxteriti.s, rest-cxxres for the bilious ducts, plairx hepa-
titis, hepatic corxgestion, bilious lithiasis, rrrxal affections etc.
,lnothrr mineral table-water, also of pleasant taste and
very much appreciated for its efficiency is , alkaline,
chlaro-sodic, ferreous, carbo-gaseous anal radio-active. It is
indicated ixt cases of hyperacid gastritis, gastro-enteric ulcera-
tions, catarrhal jaundice, renal lithiasis, diabetes, bilious
lithiasis, colic of the bladder etc.
< Matild >, a mineral fable-water of pleasant taste, hypo-
tonic, alkalia.r,, slightly radio-active, bicarbonic. carbo-gas, < IVirsbadcn > etc. and
in many aibnents our waters show a healing power cvrr~
superior to that of foreign spas.
a Slavic a (well 1V~r. 3J is a hypertonie, chloro-sodic, sul-
phatated and carbo-gaseous mineral water, while well 1Vr. b
is a chlm?o-sodic, bicarbonated, carbo-gaseous, strorxgly mine-
ralised water. 11'r..2 is very much indicated in cases of chlos-
Ixydria, chronic catarrlal gastritis, infectious jaundice, jaurx-
dice produced by malaria, chronic colirystitis, rlxrorxic tra-
chritis, emphysema, asthma, plxaryingitis, diabetes.
Nr. (i is indicated in. hypcrchlorhydria, hypnacid gastritis,
chronic constipation, bilious lithiasis.
< Caciulata ~ is oxcing its well-deserved renown to the graved
curative effects in the treatment of reread lithiasis, uric, oxalic
and even phosphatic lithiasis, plain albuminous neplxn.'tis or
albuminuria, stortrs in the bladder wtd in the prostate, stran-
gury (oligexri?~, cystitis and various types of oistalgia, It
is a sulpho-calcir,, radio-active water, with pronouxwed sulplnxr-
nus smell and chararteristic salty taste.
t~ Mama,; a, chlaro-sodir, anal carbo-gaseous nxinrrnl rcater, is
particularly efficient in simply. hyperchlorhydria, rest curry
for the bilious ducts, catarrhal jaundice, congestioxx of the liver
and diabetes.
Ofcourse, the mineral waters being vary active tlxeraprutic a-
gents,certain prescriptions, following the adr:iceof the physician,
must br, followed so as to ensure best possible results gf'the cure.
Trx order to maintain unaltered th.r. precious qualities ref
our waters, special care arxd attontion is spent o the prncrdure
of bottling' the water at the, well and by applying tinfixil raps
to the bottles as hermetically as possible.
%'he bottles arr. of a good q:cality and of ;ecru. nnlour.
1'hcir capacities vary between 1(1, I /2 arxd 1 ~ Z litres,
with the dualities customary on foreign marL:ets.
Thanks to the riclx raw materials available in, nur country,
a ROIYIAIVOlXPO.RT n is in a positiorx to offi~r bottles with
mineral water packed in rases at tlxe most convenient priers.
Compared with foreigrx mineral waters, they enjoy world renown
thanks to their qualities.
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RUMANIAN FURAGE FOR E~~'ORT
\xjIIEN we speak of Rumanian forage plant seeds for export, we
~~yy must malzc a distinction between fodder seeds comprising clover,
lucerne and common vetch (for spring and winter sowing) by means
of which forage is produced in the shape of hay crops, and the fodder
plant seeds such as tufted vetch and millet which are used directly
us fodder for cattle.
Another important forage is mountain hay, a product nature is
placing at cur disposal without our having to cultivate it.
Oiher products belonging to the category of forage are the resid-
uals 1'rorn the processing of hnrnan food products. Such residuals
arc those left in the industrial processing of beetroots, maize, oil
cakes in and , maize and malt germs, dried
yeast a. o.
The value of fodder consists in its contents of nutritious substances
and particularly proteinic albuminoids. The richer a forage is in pr?o-
tcin, the higher will be its value. Of course, non-azotiaed matter,
starches and fats, are of importance too for establishing the value of
ca ttlc-feed.
It may even be said that the prevailing of one group of nutritious
substances (protein or starch) determines the use a fodder is put to
and, consequently, its market value. Thus, forage with a high content
of protein is fed to cows so that they may produce more and better
mills. On the contrary, fodder in which starchy substances are pre-
ponderate, are given to animals wi1;h a view to producing meat
and lard.
When speaking of forage seeds as is the case with cultivated
clover and common vetch, it may be said in a general way that
their market value does not consist, merely in the fact that hay
grown from clover, lucerne or eommmr vetch seeds is rich in proteinic
substances which make it fit far cattle-feed. In the case of these
seeds their market value is influenced also by the character proper
of the seed itself.
In this respect it must be stated that Rumanian clover is renowned
for its resistance to frost and for its yield in hay. The < red clover
from Transylvania > is a variety known and in demand on foreign
markets.
The same may be stated regarding our lucerne seed which can be
cultivated in temperate northern regions, a quality which Italian
lucerne aced does not own.
As regards vetch seed, both the varieties and are well known in Europe
and in America.
The feeding value of wheat-vetch (tufted vetch) and millet seed
could be made better known to the European markets this year which
was a year of scarcity of fodder. Indeed, Rumanian tufted vetch
contains as much starch as maize. Same as millet seed, tufted vetch
recd (after grinding) can be successfully fed for fattening.
lumanian millet seed is as rich in nutritious substances as the
American Dlillo-Corn and asked for in foreign markets.
Carpathian mountain hay is well known abroad where it is in de-
mand for its pleasant fragrance, for its bcautifnl green colour and for
its rich contents of proteinic substances.
Our industrial residuals used as fodder are characterised by the
predomination in their composition of starchy substances (oilseed
cakes, brocken and schrot). Both classes arc remarkable for their low
contents of foreign matter and of substances of no nutritious value
(cellulose).
Particularly well-known is our dried residual beetroot for its high
percentage of starchy substances; the minima provided by American
standards for the component substances of this residual are exceeded
by our residual beetroot, as shown below:
American
Rumanian
standard
beet residual
Protein
8 %
8 to 9oi~~
Fat.
0.3%
U.6 to 1`%
Cellulose .
22.5%~
16%~
Non azotised extractive substance
48 %
58 to 60~;,
The maize residual combines a high percentage of starchy substances
with one of proteinic matter.
Maize and malt germs are fodder showing an interesting percentage
of nutrit:ous substances and are, due to their lower trade value,
indicated for blending with more expensive forage.
The residuals from the Rumanian vegetal oil industry -cakes,
brocken and schrot -have always been in great demand due to
their high nutritive qualities.
There is, not to speak of the fore-mentioned qualities, another
reason inducing the foreign buyer to grant preference 'to fodder corn-
ing from Rumania: the absence of noxiousness in our fodder which
can be fed to animals in unlimited quantities. This is, for instance,
not the case with colt~m seed cake which, due to its content of a toxic
principle - gossypol - is not tolerated by cattle feeding on them
in larger quantities.
Rumanian schrots are mostly coming from the processing of sun-
flo wer-sec d.
According to the method of processing oil -directly from 'the
seed with the aid of benzine or by benzine-processing the cakes left
after pressing - we have schrots called: sunflower seed schrot and
sunflower cake schrot. Their high percentage of proteinic substances
(about 47 per cent) as well as their pleasant taste and their quality of
not being noxious, Icads to their being in great demand and very
much appreciated on foreign markets.
Both the intrinsic and visiLle qualities of Rumanian forage are es er
more improving due to the transformation of our agriculture by our
regime of People's D, mocracy.
The State Enterprise for Foreign Trade c~ AGROLXPORT >,
Bucharest, Str. 13 Decen.brie Nr. 5, is handling the export of
forage.
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THE EXPORT ~'OF GAME
1' it.s geugTaph~ic Situahion the I~~.unauian I'cuplc's ~ tcr'~ 1
Pig?Iron (White, Grcy, Hematite, Silicate, Spiegel); Silica, Metallic Manganese, Sceruderand in Plates,
for Electric Hulks (Argon, NeorvSpecual, ArgonSpectral B. Gasses); Aluminium,
hands, sheets, Powder, rolled and wire; Tinfoil, Antimonium, Cadmium, Kobale, Electrolytic GOPPCI and
Hlistcr, Phosphoric Copper, llumlGold, Steel^ and sSt el Alloys y hIiRhk SP SdeSt~~ls, A]loym~ Construction
lytic Zinc, Zincplatcs, Yla[inmm,
Seccls, Spring SCCCI, Special Steels and Pipes from Special Steels; Welding Electrodes, Welding Materials,
Welding Accessories, Electrode Envelopment, drawn white and galvanised Steel Wire, Traction Cables,
Ste 1, S'tecllPl C'dC halncsland~Rslc rfor R.ailwayscand Tramwlysc TM ck lMas lal a, Nnn-Cerrous Wires, Soft
IM POR"CS
Machinery and Installations for the Textile Indusrry,Machinery and Insndlations for thcLcatherlndustry,
Machinery and Installations for the hood Industry, Machinery and Sundry Tools (Turning Lothes, Planing
Machines, Milling Machines, Presses, Hammers etc), Machinery and ]nseallations for the Steel and Iron
Industry, Machinery and installations for the Chemical Industry, Machinery and Installations for the
Paper and Timber lndusrrv, 6levatnrs. Cranes etc., sundry other tools.
INDpSTRIALIMPOR'I'
I Ml'ORTS
Iron ore, chrome ore, batyte, foundry and metallurgical coke, mining equipment, oil ficlfms~dflexlbk
trial equipmcnq fittings and pipc?joints, boiler-fittings, tabular goods, various pumps,
tubing, lliescl engines, internal combustion engines, air and gas compressors!rolling-stock, marine equip-
ment, locomotives, various types, lubricating oil and grease for aircraft.
ENERa01MPORT
IMPORTS:
Electric Materials for low tension eurrenY, Radio Valves and spare parts, Radio-Receiving Sets, Tele-
phonic and Telegraphic Materials, Equipment, Telephone Exchanges, Tclecommm~icarinn Materials, Mea-
suring Instruments for Laboratories and Industries, Electric Materials for High Tension Current; Motors,
Transformers and Rectifiers, Electric Furnaces, Elevators, Machines for the Eleetromchnicalj Industry,
'thermoelectric and Hydroelectric Power Stations, Electric Generating Sets, Turbo-Generamrs, industrial
Steam Boilcts, Electric Welding Generating Sets, Converters and Transformers.
CHiMIMPORT
IMPORTS:
chemicals, Pharmaceutical substances and preparations, dye-stuffs and Pigments, etherie oils, natural
and synthetic Plastics, chemical fertilizers, insecticides and fungicides.
EXPORTS:
Amylacetate, llutyro-Accnrte, Methyl-Acetate, Acetone, Crystalline and Technical Acetic Acid, l-lydro-
chloric Acid, Lactic Acid, Sulphuric Acid; Amyliq Butyric, Ethylic and Mctlrylic Alcohols, Ammonia, Bcn-
tonite, Hicarl ousts of Sodium, Calcium-Carbide, Calcium Carbonate, Chloride of Calcium, Bone?Gluc,
Hide-Glue, Formaldehyde, Glycerine, Chloride of Zinc, Dic-Sniffs for the leather and textile industry,
Sulphamylic Acid, Dinitmchlorbcnzol, Toluybendiamin, Aniline-Oil, Litharge, Litoponc, Miniu m, Lamp?
HLaek, Ammoniumnitratc, Silvernitrate, Oleic Acid, Zinc-Oxide, bleaching earths, Paraformaldehyde, Sodium
Silicate, Calcinated Soda, Ash Soda, Zincstearare, Stearin, Aluminiumsulphate, Ammoniumsulphate,
Coppcrsulphatc, Irnnsulphatc, Magncsiutnsulphatc, Sodiumsulphatc, Sodiumsulphitc. Galenic Products:
Plasters, Extracts, Phial-Medicines, "I'ablcts, Tinctures. Chemical Products (according to pharmaceutical
prescriptions) :Acettte of Lcad, Chlorate of Calcium, Glueonie Calcium pro injectionq Sodium Chlorate,
l texa phosphate, Sulphuric Ether pro narcosi, Acetic Ether, Pure Chloroform, Chlorofo rn pro narcosi;
Opotherapeutic Products: Fcl Tauri, Foliiculin, Ovarii Pulvis, Thyroidca Rdvis, Catgut; Patent Medicines:
Antiasehmade, Cardiac,Hypotensive, antihacmorrhagic, opotherapcutiral, tonic-mnririve etc.
TI~a - - _' ~_ -' --- -r .>__ .._........ ...,,..,.~ .,,,d Q~,.,o of them
tr ana i0 ine ~lOwer~ ui uia ~ ue,a oy z .~....,,.,.. ~. ...... _. y ..., _ ___ ~ - - - - _
~,p~e~the Soviet Union anawith tlae People's Democracies, to its structural improvement and to the-rise in the vn-
___ _ - -? - ?, _ ~ '- -~___ ... .r, ,. r.,rr;r.>,..., ..,,,t ,,, or_f?Ifitm.en.r, of our 1950 State
uantiiies un~rre ~eaen~eu v . ~~w ~ _ ?~~ ~w_..~_?~? ..~-. -
de cndence a~ to the strengthening of the position of the invincible front of peace.
-?>-~~-,-r=m-- .- s _____~.. ... 7n~n ,.Y,. ,.6;.,~F'h~ d,.o to tha crentxva efforts of the worA~-inl; people in
? Nr. 4, JUNE 1951 ?
Etiltorial OtFlce : T H F C H A NI B F. R TOR 1~ O R E[ G N T R A D E I N T H F. It. P. 11.. Bucharest, Str. Armeneasch 31, Tel : 2.Ci9.TI.
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I~1VE-YI~AI~, 1'I.~AN LNSUI~.l!;S L~II(~G EUUNU:VLIC 1~EVh:LOPIUII!~N~.f'
Ol i~UNIANIAi'V PI+JOPLI~~'S RI~JPLIILIC
TIIIJ first two years of planned economy have brought
important achievements along the road of our country's
economic and political consolidation. During these two
years, the value of industrial production existing in z 948
was doubled, a new industrial branch, the machine-cngineer-
ing industry, was set up and socialist transformation of
agriculture was started. At the end of r ~ S o, the year's
production in most of industrial sectors exceeded the
top-level marked in 1938 during the time of capitalist
order.
Benefiting by the experience won during the two preced-
ing years, and by the multilateral aid of the Soviet Union,
national economy in the Rumanian People's Republic has
been in a position during this year to engage the battle
for the implementation of the Five-Year Plan, having as a
fundamental set task the laying of the economic foundations
of Socialism.
The first Five-Year Plan opens huge prospects for the
development of national economy in the Rumanian People's
Republic.
From the figures and targets of the plan appears clearly
the bright road covered. by the working people in this
country. A large number of factories and workshops are to
rise all over the country, tens of thousands of tractors to
furrow the fields, the towns grow teeming with life, and
darkness and poverty are to disappear for ever from the
countryside.
-180% 183?/?
100yo ~ , ~00~0 ~ 100?/0
~,~
~" ` ~ 19'0 ~i~55
~, ,- d
Drillin~i ~.'~al~~?~ ai~ ~~ e~ ?
g :_ pr?dactl ~ . ~~ ~- ~r t1R~k
~ in c~q~je dtT td o#etklri~ -
In i9S 5, the Rumanian People's Republic is to turn,
thanks to its industrialization, from an < eminently agri-
cultural> country, based on most rudimentary means of
production, into an advanced industrial and agricultural
country. The policy of socialist industrialization puts the
stress on the development of the heavy industry making
production goods without neglecting however the rise of
the consumer goods industry. An important percentage
(5 z.4 per cent) of the i,33o,00o million lei appropriated
for investment works are allotted for setting up new
industrial enterprises as well as for extending and equip-
ping those already existing.
In drawing up the Five-Year Plan the fact has been taken
into account that electrification must precede industriali-
zation by one step. This is why the targets of the Five-Year
Plan are harmoniously blended with those of the first stage
of the electrification plan, which likewise has come into
force on January lst i9S z. By 19S S, installed electric power
will rise from 740,000 kW to i,7oo,00o kW and the consump-
tion of electric power per head of population will. mark a
level of Zoo per cent compared to i9So.
In z,ooo parishes all over the country, the - as the citizens of the Rumanian People's Republic
are also calling now the electric bulb -will gradually flash up.
The millenary darkness maintained by the former regimes
will disappear from our countryside. Electric power and
electric light will contribute to a decisive extent toward
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 M A C ft N~ `E N G I N .~`4~~ F~rlefi~f~2/08/15 :CIA-RDP83-004158012000010005-1
I'. II I~, C r4 ll I V 1 O YY Ii l~ 1 1V j~ lJ 1J ~I~ JL i
the mechanization of agriculture, the consolidation o~ the
socialist sector and the rise of the material and ctdtural
level of collective faxmers, agricultural labourers and work-
ing peasants.
With a view to implc?nenting the targets assigned to
the electric power industry, the building of a nwiiber of
thereto-and hydroelectric power-stations has already begun,
including tlxe most important of them, the hydroelectric
power-station < Vladimir Ilitch T,enin> of Bistritza-Stcjar.
1'~t Moroeni, Sadu, Ovidiu, and in the f iu-Valley, other
construction-sites of light are daily rising. The electric
power produced there, will set motors and trains going,
will light thousands and thousands of honks, superseding
the mediaeval little oil-lamps and paraffin-lamps of the
peasants.
Simultaneously with the development of the electric
power and electrotech,nic industries, ,mining industry will
also ~marl~ a considerable rise. The capitalists and foreign
trusts who formerly controlled our oil exploitation, had
launched the theory of the < exhaustion of our oil reserves >.
llnd still we have now almost reached the top-level marked
during the capitalist regime, the production of 1936, and
in i9S 5 we shall by fax exceed this production. 7"Ite develoj~-
ment of oil deposits in Moldavia and other regions of this
country, the utilisation. of up-to-date methods of drilling,
extracting and processing, the improvement of crude oil
transport, will lead more directly to these results. The
coal-mining industry in which the total production vahie
will mark z 3 8 per cent car pared to z ~ S o and the produc-
tion of methane bas, which will rise by ion} per cent, will
COAh 11~[iNING INllUS'['ItS`
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 13:U I: L D: 1, N G I N U U
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ensure, together with the oil production, both, the fuel
required for the development of our country's economy
and the raw material for the chemical and steel and iron
industries.
For the socialist industrialization of our country, we
need a maximum of iron, steel and cast-iron. To this effect,
the Five-Year Plan calls for the setting up of a new steel
and iron centre and of a chemical coke preparing plant,
and for building, within the framework of existing com-
bines, another five blast-furnaces, five Siemens-Martin fur-
naces and. four new rolling-mill lines.
The rise of mining and steel and iron production creates
the pre-requisites for the speedier development of the
machine engineering industry, a branch set up by the
regime of People's Democracy. New machines and aggregates
which were formerly imported will now be produced by the
young machine engineering industry in the Rumanian
People's .Republic and the same is true for new types of
milling and slotting machines, coal-cutters, caterpillar
tractors, automatic looms, trolley-buses etc.
Rise in the production of consumer goods with a view
to raising the working people's standard. of living, is a
momentous target of the Five-Year Plan. A rise of the
total production value by i4S per cent in the textile and
clothing industry, by z 3 5 per cent in the leather-industry
and by z r ~ per cent in the food-industry will be achieved
by the improvement of the manufacturing process and by
modernization of equipment in existant enterprises, as well
as by new constructions. For instance, we shall build, r i
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-153?r?
tai
,~a~oo
~BETt BUD FIN~HEi~, `CIVI~~!'~t~ I~gi~$~/Q$'t~5
cotton spinning-mills, two amalgamated mills for wool-
processing, one amalgamated shoe-factory, two sugar facto-
ries etc, etc.
The light industry is thus entering a rapid dcvelopm~nt
designed to bring about meeting the demand of consump-
tion and creating available stocks fox export. In this drive
for making consumer goods needed by the working people
in the Rumanian People's Republic, the light industry is
considerably aided by the local industry belonging to the
local organs of the State=power, the people's councils.
111ready under the two one-year plans, local industry
marked important successes contributing to a remarkable
extent toward meeting the needs of the local market in
consumer goods. The 7,40o million ]ci invested in this
industrial branch as well as the intensified turning into
account of local resources, will bring about a considerable
rise in the importance of local industry within the frame-
work. of the Five-Year Plan. Apart fmm local. industry,
cooperative artisans production performs also an important
role in making consumer goods, and this production
is scheduled to increase to the threefold, compared
to ipso.
"` Socialist transformation of agriculture hangs on a. whole
series of factors and most of all on the mechanization of
agriculture. To this effect, the number of machine and
tractor depots will rise up to 4z8 and the stock of tractors
up to z8,ooo. Proportionally with it, the number of all
other agricultural machinery will also rise. The large number
of machine and tractor depots will render possible a largc-
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scale mechanization of agricultural work, in State and
collective farms as well as in the farms of the associated
peasant workers.
By agrotechnical measures, by the introduction of rational
lee-rotation methods and by t'hc utilization of chemical and
natural fertilizers, average production per hectare will consi-
derably- rise.
flccording as agricultural. production is rising, the live
stock will also improve from both a quantitative and qualit-
ative point of view. In 19S S, we shall have i,zoo,ooo
horses, i,7oo,00o heads of cattle, iz,5oo,00o sheep and
~}, 5 00,000 pigs.
The rise in industrial and agricultural production
and numbers of construction works carried out in this
country necess.itatc a considerable rise in means of transport
and. an improvement in roads of communication. Under
the first P'ivc-Year Plan of the Rumanian People's Republic,
rail, water and road transport will considerably develop.
Goods circulation in i9S 5 will attain a level of i7o per cent
compared to i ~ 5 0. Th,e electrification of the .railway-line
Campina-Stalin 'Town, the supply of another ~,7So goods-
waggons to rail traffic, are only some of the achievements
scheduled in the railway sector. If we add to this the
intensification of water transport by the utilization. of the
Danube-Blacl~ Sea Canal and the works for rendering
navigable the main rivers in this country, and if we fiirther
add the rise of :motor-transport by 6o per cent, we get
some idea about the forthcoming development of this
sector of Rumanian economy.
T R A N S P 0 R T S
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~f14'~a
100?/a~
~~?~1~~5
'Chc rise in the production of light ir_dustrq, and the
police of the Rumanian Workers' Party and of the Goveni-
mcnt of the Rumanian People's Republic toward raising
the working people's standard of living, necessitate the
intensification of goods circulation and distribution. This
is why the hive-Year Plan stresses < the development and
consolidation of socialist trade by extending State and coope-
rarivc trade and by fostering and extending the trade of
collective farms and collective fanners>. The implementation
of this tasf:, as well as the other measures designed to ensure
the continuous growth of the material and cultural level
of tl:c working pcoplc (rise of the avcrag~e wage, the policy
of raising cadres, doing away with illiteracy and extending
the educational system, the building of housing space for
workers, the improvement of social assistance, the setting
up of new cultural institutions etc., etc.) will bring about
well-bcing~ and happiness for all the working pcoplc, all
builders of Socialism.
11t the end of the Fivc-Year. Plan, there will be no
rnorc economically retrograde regions. Moldavia, South-
l;astern Transylvania, the Maramures, Dobroudja and Olte-
nia, regions once doomed by the bourgeois-big land-
lord regimes to economic and cultural backwardness, arc
awakening to new life by industrial prosperity and mecha-
nized agriculture.
Apart from its momentous importance for the life of
the Ru.rnanian pcoplc, the first hive-Year Plan of the Ruma-
nian People's Republic is also of great international import-
ance by contributing towards strengthening the friendship
with the Soviet Union, the aid of which is obvious to the
Rumanian people every day in all achievements realized
in this countey. The I~ivc-Year Plan of the Rumanian
People's Republic means at the same time a consolidation
and broadening of fraternal economic cooperation with, the
countries of People's Democracy, (,:hina, Korea, Ilungary,
Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Albania, Vict-Nam
and the German Democratic Republic.
This is how the Five-Year Plan of the Rumanian People's
Republic contributes to an important c~tent to the continuous
consolidation of the front of peace, foiling the warlil
11'ob/c Lawton a fruit of cai.ic slcape with rou.rcd tip and red-
disft-ormage, colour, very fragrant, sweetish-sour with a deliciotc.c
~'Javoicr. They are shipped i.n refrigerated or chilled vnns or by airnt.ail
u-pon request.
Itasp6e~?ri-es
The export of raspberry pulp, jani, concentrated an-d fresh. jui