NOWA HUTA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00415R011700030011-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 27, 2012
• Sequence Number: 11
• Publication Date: June 6, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRALSIIN LLIGE MACY REPORT
INFORMATION REPORT CD NO.
COUNTRY Poland
PLACE
ACQUIRED
Nowa Ruta
NO. OF PAGES 1
NO. OF ENCLS. 1 (15 pages)
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO. 50X1-HUM
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTINC THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT 50
U. S C., 31 AND 32. AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION
OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON 15 PRO-
HIBITED BY LAW. REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM IS PROHIBITED
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SECURITY I IFURMA1IDN
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COUNTRY: Poland
SUBJECT: The Nowa Huta Foundry
Tills IS G~1 E CI CSUDE TO
UO HOT DETACU
was chosen because Poland intended to bring iron,/ by the
Oder river. This plan was cancelled by the first Soviet delegation,
which arrived in Poland in 1919. The soviets decided that iron ore
was not to be supplied but brought from Krioj-Rog in the
Ukraine, the richest iron mining area in the USSR, via Przemysl.
In addition it was decided that since the Gleiwitz district already
had a well developed industry, there might be a shortage of labor for
the foundry. The Soviets were of the opinion that the Przenysl area
was the most suitable place for the erection of the Nowa Huta works
and of a town by the same name in its neighborhood, claiming that the
PrzeWsl district at the foot of the Carpathian mountains was mainly
agricultural, with no developed industry, so that there was a
likelihood of small farmers being willing to work in industry instead.
1. According to original Polish proposals, a very large foundry,
the Nowa Huta, was to be erected at Gleiwitz, Silesia. This location
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The position of the Soviets as regards the Nowa Huta works was as
follows: There was a special paragraph in the treaty signed by the
two countries in 1948 regarding the erection of the enterprise
according to which the Soviets were to give all the assistance
necessary. After the visit of the Soviet experts, the original
Polish plan was dropped and Poland was requested to produce new
proposals. The Planning Institutions for the Construction of
Foundries (Biprohut-Biuro Projektowania Hut) in turn proposed 12
new locations, of which 11 were rejected by the Soviets. They
finally agreed that the works and town of Nowa Huta should be
erected in the vicinity of Cracow. This was chosen as it is near
Przemsyl and offers technical facilities including the University,
the Academy of Mining and Foundries, a Polytechnic Institute, and
various laboratories. There were no political reasons for the
choice.
2. The point selected for the preliminary works is near a
village called Pleszow, bordered on one side by the village of
Mogila and by Igolomnia on the other, 8 lnns. northeast of Cracow,
near the historic Kopiec Wandy hill. It is a large area, almost
uninhabited. To the north at a distance of 5kms. it borders on the
Wisla river, on which raw materials and finished products were to be
transported. At the beginning of 1949 the future management of
Nowa Huta was set up within Biprohut, which was directly under the
Central Foundries Organization and indirectly under the Ministry of
Heavy Industry. In 1949 preparatory work was started by Polish
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experts. The location was studied geologically, the local supply of
building materials was examined, and neighboring enterprises which
might have an influence on the construction of the Nowa Huta were
checked. Samples of earth were sent by plane to Moscow for examination.
The result was not favorable as the earth contained a large percentage
of loess. In the summer of 1919, Aniola, the general manager of Nowa
Huta, and his two most capable technical assistants, Mazanek and Jaglarz,
took the whole of the material to Moscow to the institution corresponding
to the Polish Biprohut. There the composition of the soil and of the
Wisla waters, the possibilities of central water-pumps at Bielany,
Cracow, and statistics on the flooding of the Wisla were all studied.
The execution of the plan was given to Soviet experts. This was to be
a preliminary plan covering all aspects of the works but without
technical drawings. The Poles had brought with them certain general
requirements on behalf of the Polish government and these were included
in the plan. During its stay in the USSR the Polish delegation visited
the Zaporozstal foundry at Zaporoze, near Dniepropetrowsk in Southern
Russia, which was to serve as a model to the Nowa Huta works, apart from
certain technical innovations and the specific Polish requirements.
Prior to the arrival of the Polish delegation in Moscow, a representative
of the Polish foundries, Lurje, had been stationed there permanently
in order to cooperate with the Soviet experts working on the plan.
3. In the meantime an important administrative change took place
in Poland. The Nowa Huta management was separated from Biprohut and
became independent. It was renamed Przedsiebiorstwo Panstwowe
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Wyodrebnione "Kowa Huta"+ w Krakowie - The Independent Nowa Huta
State Enterprise, Cracow. It was transferred from Gleiwitz to
Cracow and was allocated the following three buildings:
a. Oleandrow at 3-go Maja Boulevard, location of the
Construction Management - Dyrekcja Budowy;
b. C.Z..P.N. (the building of the Central Petroleum
Industry Organization) at 4 Ulica Oleandry, location of the Head
Office and Technical Managements; and
c. A building at Ulica Skarbowa, General Administration.
4. The administration of the works is headed by a General
Manager who is responsible for the following departments:
a. General Secretariat.
b. Technical-General Department. This department handles
highly confidential documents and forms the link between the manage-
ment and the USSR.
c. Planning.
d. Personnel.
e. Protection of Industry (Security) -- Dzial Strazy
Prz enqslowe j) .
f. Technical Management, which is divided into the following
sections: Large furnaces, coke, steel rolling (Dzial Walcowniczy),
technical, chemical, Martin furnaces, and translations (translations of
technical documents into Russian). There are approximately 20 well-
known foundry experts from all over the country in the technical
department.
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5. There is also a section for the Protection of Industry
(Dzial Ochrony Przenrslu) parallel to the above departments. This
department, which is responsible to the Security organization (U.B.)
and not to the works' management, deals with security matters and
is located in the building of the main office,
6. In 1949 the department of Construction Management was among
the most important. It carried out all geological work, sirveying,
levelling of the ground, and hydrological examinations. The results
of its work were sent by the Technical-General Department to Gren,
the government's representative for international contracts, at the
State Planning Commission (P.K.P.G.), who forwarded them to the
GlawrjJ Postawszczyk institute in Moscow. A special messenger took
the documents once a week from the P.K.P.G. to Moscow. The degree
of secrecy maintained was such that only the General Manager of the
Nowa Huta works, accompanied by a trustworthy clerk, was permitted
to transfer the mail from Cracow to Warsaw.
7. The preparation of plans for the building of the town of
Nowa Huta were entrusted to a Polish Institution called Z.O.R. -
Zaklad Osiedli Robotniozych (Enterprise for the Erection of Workers'
Settlements). It was planned that the town should have a population
of 80,000, a cinema, a theater, public gardens, and sports grounds.
A wide road was to lead straight through the whole town, at one end
of which was the main entrance to the Nowa Huta works.
8. The plans for the works, which were ready in December 1949,
arrived from the USSR in 53 volumes, each containing 120 to 150 pages.
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They did not contain any technical drawings but only general plans.
The Nowa Huta administration then studied the plan to determine
whether it accorded with the Polish requirements presented at the
time to the soviet experts. The original plan was sent to Nowa Huta
and copies to the C.Z.P.H. - Central Foundry Organization; the
P.K.P.G.; and the Ministry of Heavy Industries.
9. For the purpose of study, the following committees, called
"Study Committees for the Preliminary Plan of the Nowa Huta Works",
were set up:
a. General (coordination committee) consisting of the
General Manager of the works, the General Manager of C.Z.P.H., the
Minister of Heavy Industries, the Minister of Constructions, and the
Representative of the Central. Coal Industry Organization.
b. Large furnaces.
c. Coke-
d. Steel rolling.
e. Railroads.
f. Construction.
g. Repair workshops.
h. Steel (Martin furnaces),
i. Electric power.
j. Water.
Well known experts from all over the country sat on these committees,
in each of which there was a representative of the Nowa Huta works.
The meetings took place at the C.Z.P.H. building in Kattowitz, and
only rarely at Cracow.
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10. The Soviet plan was accepted by all the committees except
that on railroads, which disagreed with some points concerning the
Central Railway Station, but as it did not succeed in presenting a
counterproposal, the Soviet plan was accepted practically in its
entirety. The plan was studied during December 1949, and in January
1950 a delegation consisting of five men and one woman, a coke expert,
arrived to expound and plan. The delegation was headed by Zybin
Christofor, an expert on large furnaces. Aniola, the general manager
of Nowa Huta, Mazanek and Jaglarz, the Chief Engineers, and Wolinski,,
another engineer known for. the construction of the W - Z Line in
Warsaw (Traza W - Z, an arterial road crossing Warsaw from east to
west), took part on behalf of Poland. The first talks, which were of
a general nature only, took place in the offices of P.K.P.G. under the
chairmanship of Gren. A few days later, when the remaining members of
the Soviet delegation arrived, all the specialist committees were
called for a general meeting in Warsaw, to give them an opportunity to
voice their opinion of the plan. The meeting took place at the
Ministry of Heavy Industries, with the Minister as Chairman. Other.
important personalities participating in the meeting were:
a. Gren, representative of P.K.P.G.
b. Pietrusiewicz, Minister of Construction.
c. Col. Tomaszewski (?), Head of the Coal Industry.
d. Borejdo, Manager of C.Z.P.H.
At the meeting the heads of each expert committee gave their opinion
of the plan, some asking that certain c
C ~b ade to existing
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proposals or making new proposals. At the end of the meeting
90 percent of the Soviet plan was accepted. The Soviets agreed
to introduce certain changes concerning the remaining 10 percent
in the further development of the plans.
11. According to the plan a foundry with a yearly production
of a half million tons is to be erected. The following is a general
outline of the Plan:
a. Five large casting furnaces, each 150 meters high and
with a capacity of 10,000 tons.
b. Five Martin furnaces. It is planned to bring the fire
brick for the furnaces from Czechoslovakia as it is not available in
Poland.
c. Two rolling mills, one for cold rolling and the other
for hot rolling. In the second mill, electric furnaces are to be
installed to heat the steel coming from the Martin furnaces.
d. The largest iron foundry in Poland.
e. A coke works.
f. A chemical works based on coal as raw material.
g. A power station, to use gas from the furnaces as fuel.
The surplus is to be used for Warsaw.
h. The largest repair workshops in Poland. Half the
workshops are to be as large as the whole Star automobile factory
at Zyran near Warsaw, which was built by the USSR.
i. A deep water port, to be constructed on the Wisla river
with the aid of a special dam. The Wisla is also to supply water for
the works. Water for drinking is to come-from Bielany, a suburb of
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3. A railway station with all special installations
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needed for the works.
k. The railway at Cracow to be completely reconstructed.
East of Cracow, freight train stations are to be built, the largest
at Binczyce. The present passenger station in Cracow is to be
transferred to Ulica Mogilska.
1. Administrative offices to be built at the entrance to
the works.
m. An automatic telephone exchange.
n. A laboratory.
o. Large garages.
p. Wide roads to connect all sections in the works.
q. A main road crossing the Mogilska road to connect the
works with Cracow.
r. A large area behind the works in the direction of
Igolomnia, to be used for the dumping of waste materials, and having
a special railroad line.
s. A concrete wall, 2, meters high, to surround the works.
t. The whole works area to be planted with trees and grass.
u. Three entrances to the works, the main entrance from the
south and two from the north.
v. An electric train and buses to link the works with Cracow,
w. Several radio transmitting stations to be installed
within the works.
x. The works to employ about 30,000 workers. It is noted
in the plan that the need for a larger number of workers is
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eliminated by the fact that all machinery is automatic and of the
most modern type.
y. For the construction of the works itself, factories
to be erected to supply cement, bricks, and semimanufactured
materials including cement blocks; and a carpentry shop which is
to be the largest in Poland.
12. According to the Polish-Soviet agreement of 1948, most
of the equipment and machinery for the works are to be supplied by
the USSR. These include cranes,. installations for the transportation
of loads, foundry machinery and most of the machinery for the
working of steel and iron, none of which is manufactured in Poland.
Only tipping installations for freight cars are to come from the
U.S.
13. rr,,rr The USSR is to supply all. ore needed by the foundries
from Krifoj Rog. Coal and coke are to come from local sources.
14. According to plans, the works and town of Nowa Huta are
to be completed by 1956 and the first steel is to be made by 1955.
To March 1950 no actual work had been done. The information
received lately shows that work has since started. The building
of the town was begun at the and of 1949. Workers' houses were
built on both sides of the main road leading from Cracow to Nowa
Huta, southwest of the future works. Nowa Huta will be linked
with Cracow via the village 14ogila.
15. The Czestochowa foundry experimented with Polish coke to
test its suitability for the new foundry. The tests showed that
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the coke was not suitable as the coke layers tended to crumble as
they moved down the casting tower.
16. The following is a partial list of the officers of
Nowa Huta:
a. Jan Aniola, General Manager of the Nowa Huta works.
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b. Jaglarz, Head of the Rolling Mills.
c. Elgeniusz Mazanek, Technical Manager.
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d. Wolinski, Construction Manager.
e. Edward Bartezak, Personnel Manager.
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f. Bronislaw Wojcik, Technical General Manager.
g. Sliwinski, Head of U.B.
h. Jan Borejdo, General Manager of the C.Z.P.H. He-is
i. Irena Karas, Secretary to the General Manager.
J. Pluszczewski, Manager of Translation Department.
k. Cebertowipz, Head of Soil Examinations.
1. Skowronek, Manager of the department for the protection
of industry.
in. Wajnberg, Administrative Manager.
n. Homme, Manager of the Coke Department.
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o. Manitius, Manager of the Power Department.
p. Brand, Representative of the Polish foundries in Moscow.
q. Lurje, one of the errpoloyees who has no definite task.
r. Zemajtis Kejstut, Minister of Heavy Industries.
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KEY TO DIAGRAM
1. Entrance and administrative center.
2. Garages.
3. Repair workshops.
1i.. Steel rolling mills.
5. Large Cowpers furnaces.
6. Coke works and chemical factory.
7. Siemens-Martin furnaces.
8. Railway station.
9. Railway station of waste material dumping area.
10. Terminal point of the railway tracks.
11. Road connecting the works with the town of Nowa Huta.
12. Present road.
13. Wisla river.
1L'. Kujawy Jetty.
15. Dam and bridge.
16. Canal.
17.)
18.) Sections of Nowa Huta town.
19.)
20. to Mogila.
21, to Igolomia
37. Vertical grid line - sheet T-14 Poland 1:100,000 Krakow.
50. Horizontal grid line - as above.
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