TRANSLATIONS OF YUGOSLAV PUBLICATIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00415R011200120004-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 339
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 2, 2002
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: May 3, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

FORM NO.
MAY 1949
51.61
004 k
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C E N RACLUqn RwiRaTEN C Y REPORT NO.
INFORMATION REPORT CD NO.
COUNTRY Yugoslavia DATE DISTR. 3 may 1952
?SUBJECT Translations of Yugoslav Publications NO. OF PAGES 1
25X1A
2890
25X1A
PLACE
ACQUIRED
DATEumo.
25X101(4'W
NO. OF ENCLS, 14
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
1. Attached hereto for your retention are fourteen .(14) translations
of the Yugoslav press.
2. Although the cover sheet is classified "RESTRICTED", the
enclosures are "FREE".
**
THIS DOCUMENT HAS AN ENCLOSURE ATTACHED.
DO NOT DETACH
CLASSIFICATION RESTRICTED
STATE
NAVY
NSRB
DIUMBUTION
ARMY
AIR
CIA Library
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25X1C
25X1A
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'MS IS Pm LTI
SUMMARY OF THE YUGOSLAV PRESS
25X1C
41.0?IMMII
No 715
P.1.
P.2.
P.3
Pt5t
P.6,
Headlines
Headlines
Headlines
Headlines
Readlines
Headlines
Headlines
Headlines
Headlines
Headlines
INDEI
of Borba of the 10th February
of Borba continued
of Borba continued
of Politika of the 10th Februar:
of 1221112a of the 11th February
11th February, 1952;
of Borba continued
of POTIVi.ka of the 11th February
of Nova Makedonija of the 5th February
of La Voce del P000lo of the 8th and 9th February
of 7177enskI Porocevaled of the 8th, 9th and 10th Februay
FROM GLAS OF THE 8TH FEBRUARY
P.7. Budgets of Peooleis Committees
*
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 9TH FEBRUARY
,*
P.9, Soviet: economy reflected in false statistics
*
FROM BORBA OF THE 10TH FEBRUARY
P.11. Agreement between Austrian Tourist Agency and Putnik
Conference of representatives of state holdings in Serbia
Establishment of a cultural centre in Trieste
Yugoslav Tourist -Jentre o)ened in London
P.12. Borba corresondent at interview with Edvard Kardeli
* '
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 10TH FEBRU
P.15. Yugoslavia will take ?art in Trieste TrE''' Fair
.
Workers clash with the managements of BulEarian enter 'rises
FROM LJORBA OF THE 11TH FEBRUARY
P.16. Full session of the CPCroatia for the city of Zagreb
*******
iiiii11111ENLIOSORt TO
1101tOTISIM
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HEADLINES
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- 1 -
BORBA .10th February
P.1. Er':'ARD KARDELJ INTERVIEWED BY A "BORBA" COrRESPONDENT:
FURTHER DEVELO7MENT OF SOCIALIST SYSTEH - COUNCILS OF.
PRODUCERS TO BE SET UP IN PEOPLE'S COMMITTEESS -
DRAFT OF NEW L1,14 ON PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE3 WILL SOON BE
SUBMITTED TO PEOPLE'S .W6EMLY,
Dr. Ivan Ri43ar will attend funeral of King George VI..
Anthony Eden thanks Er Kardelj for message of condolenoe.
British Parliament expresse3 thanks to People's Assembly
of FPRY for message of condolence.
Patriarch Vikentije sends message of condolence to head
of Ano0_ican Church-
Miho Marinko receives delegation of educational workers in
Ljubljana,
Youth of Croatia to work on completion of key objects.
*
Our s to tako rt t international fairs in
New Delhi and Y-roohi,
Rail road Radusa-Tetovo in Macedonia will soon be opened,
*.
Our medical doctors going abroad for specialisation.
Celebration of 38th annivel-sary of death of Matija Gubac.
Monopolistic tendencies of some of the enterprises: the re
are now about 70 assofiations working mainly on spe culative
basis.
P.2 *
bllying and 3Ung of properties.
MARITIME SERVICE IN THE NEW ECONOMIC SYSTEM. MINISTER MAX
BCE ON DISCUSSION ON SOCIAL PLAN.
Artificial 'akes will flood over 60 kilometers of road..
Atomic energy and how it is obtained.
Party organizations in districts:Open meetings in Pala
district.; Successes in district of Backa Topola: Conference
on island of Vis,
Villagers of Grnji Dusnik near Nis building an electric
power station
P.3. Replies to questions concerning Social Plan.
seductions in fares for transrortation of goods: a special
commission is examining further possibilities to reduce
fares.
Discussion of Social metalworkers speak about their
enterprises,
CONFERENCE HELD B/ RESENTATIVES OF STATE AGRICULTURAL
ESTATES IN SERBl
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P.3. AGREEMENT BETWEEN AUSTRIAN TOURIST BUREAU AND "PUTNIK".
First Yugoslav standards - are obligatory for all producers.
Illegal payments in respeut of alloances for children
amount to millions of dinars.
Discussion on reduction of prides of industrial articles
intended for agriculture is still going on.
P.4. Letter from Bonn; a smuggle around "eleven ,men" in the
Upper House. (Article by S.Glumac)
Countries which are subject of discussien: Tunisia..
(Article signed V.)
Conflict between India and Pakistan - New diSturbances
in Kashmir - Indian press on disturbances in Kashmir.
Before the debate on European Army in the French
Parliament.
Resignation of Lebanon government, (Reuter Beirut)
Strikes in Italy. (undesignated Rome)
Report bu special "Borba" correspondent in Japan-Soviet
Policy again taking "course towards Japan".
Letter from Norway; with fishermen in North Sea.
(Article by Milan BajeA)
P.5
USA desires agreement between Great Britain and Egypt.
(AFP Cairo.)
State of semi-preparadness in Cairo and Alexandria,
(UP Cairo)
Possibility of negotiations between Arab countries and
Israel, (undesignated Cairo)
Question of armistice in Korea: United Command makes
counter-proposal.
Italian note to Soviet Union. (Reuter Rome)
Re-action in London to Italian Note to Soviet Butsia.
(AFP London)
&mflict in.stegl t1,61117. ip USA; IAberur ugions demaffM '
worlang condtqlotmt (1krtiqIce eLg4ed L.s1.)
A TOURIN MTH OF THE Fpft,y, OPENED IN liONDON.
ESTABLISHUENT OF-A_CULTUWAL CENTRE IN TRIES*.
'alks between Ridgway and Yoshida on rearmament of Japan.
(AFP Tokio)
Production of military planes in America.
(AFP Washington)
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3
P.7. EARNINGS GOING INTO MILLIONS OF DINARS NOT TAXED--
ENTER-RISES GIVING JOBS TO PRIV. TE PERSONS WORTH
ABOUT SIX MILLION DINARS.
i ? *r
***
PCLITIKA
P.L Marshal Tito elected honorary President of Cultural
Progress Society of Sabac.
P.2. International chroniile: difficulties in connection
with bringing Prance and Germany closer together.
(Article by Milojevic)
CONFLICTS BETWEEN WORKERS AND MANAGEMENTS IN BULGARIA:
ON THE EVE OF AN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC CONFERENCE IN
MOSCOW: A "OLITICAL"BUSINESS7
P.31.YUNSLAVIA WILL EXHIBIT HER PRODUCTS AT TRADE FAIR IN
TRIESTE.
P.4. PLENARY,MEETING OF SYNDICATES OF METAL INDUSTRY OF
YUGOSLAVIA - DISCUSSION ON SOCIAL PLAN REVEALS USEFUL
PROPOSALS BY WORKING COLLECTIVES.
P.6, Letter from London: Saving in English schools.
. *
P.7. Annual meeting held by syndicates and People's Froat
organizations.
**
?
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ETADI_INES
- 4 -
eBORBA
11th February, 1952.
P.1, The cultural life of the village and the. Peoele's Front
TODY '.1.1-1?1? F..CHST SHI2e;NT OF AhLA1C/N MILIT,RY LID .1i,RITES IN RIJ Ki?
*
' PLEN.Lta SESSION OF Th CHIHFXRUULTURAL FEDATION OF CROATIA TO BE
HELD ON THE 13TH :ND 14TH FEBRul,HY
?L\' .LY b.,;SL:lON OF Tii.,,TIOm COIITTEE uF CAULT11,N CP IT 4?,,GHEB:
CUFL1ENT Tr,SKS, TI L NFJ1i EC(.) 11C-on.iHM [110 07,d, IN iAoO
OROANISLTIONS
*
Factory.cable at Svetozarevo (Illustration)
S.
Electrical systems of Soca and Drava linked
*
FROL TOMORROW Th!,; eILL B. NO ,.,E3lei.UCT1ONS IN BiaGRJ,DE ON THE
USe OF J.LECTRICITY NoRNING
'Negotiations concerninb truce in Korea: United Command preposl.
rejected: Chinese North Korean deleeatien requests that all
Asiatic eroblems be investigated after the truce:
No imeortant fighting (UP, Tokyo)
Comment on the decisi,n of the ,enn Parliament: varying views in
Paris, London and Vashington: it is considered that the diffi-
culty concerning creatin, a European Army can yet be smoothed
oVer
P,2. Economic items: those Who have the right to sell tobacco
?
Replies to questions on the Social Plan
PLENARY SEicj3I3N. OF .THETWICRIAL CONNITTEE OF ,-,YM)ICATES OF .
i,GRICULTUELL AOAKERS IN THE 'ORK OF EDUCTION 1.ND THE
CIRE OF 2!!,u?LE ON L;TLTE FARMS
MENBER6 uf CO-O'.. RATIVES GO ..t,IMAD
International Union of Students: about 2,000 students from abroad
will visit Yugoslavia: our students too will e,et training in
various countries
? 'Oa
Why geods are exeerted from Germany and Austria by rail and not
by sea: figures which represent a serious warning (Article by
Lj.Rajnvajn)
The ex)erience of the , orkers' Councils: monthly and quarterly
analyses in undertakings (Article by Sindik Trio)
Parliamentary elections in India: success of Nehru's Party
*
Situation in Iran: results of elections in Teheran (UP, Teheran)
Demonstrations in the Iranian towns Zabol cnd L,ahiden
(UP, Teheran)
Internatienal Bank wants refinery at Abadan to recommence work
Reuter, Lahore)
Increase in the number of refugees frem.Eastern Germany
Berlin)
Edger Faure's difficulties in the French Parliament
Conference on Asiatic economic problems
' basic task of our timber industry.
Tobaccaexperimental station is shortly tO be put into
operation at Bitplj,
LA VOCE DEL POPOLO
February 8, 1952.
THE DIFFICULTIES OF THE PORT AUTHORITIES AT RIJEKA.'
February 9, 1952.
P.2. CATASTROPHIC RESULTS OF THE COMINFORM POLICY.IN THE LIGHT
OF ELECTIONS TMID,IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES DURING 1951,
SLOVENS4I POROCEVALEC,
, February 8, 1952..
p Successes by th.Yugoslav shipping agency HJugoliniJa".
P.2. SCHOOLS ARE. INTENDED FOR THE ADVANCE AND NOT FOR RETRO
GRESSION. ( ARTICLE RELATED TO RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION
P.3. Basic changes in the organization of the state farm "Belie".
P.4, Biographies of intellectuals awarded "ProsernIs Prize",.
,*
February 9, 1952,
14.14 FULL TEXT OF A LETTER BY THE CC OF.THE SLOVENE CP ON
POLITICAL ACTIVITY TO BE DISPLAYED ON THE..:'.
COMMUNIST PARTY ORGANIZATIONS IN SLOVENIA.
!it .
?
P4, Biographies of intellectuals awarded "Presernis Prize"
(Continued); '
It
February 10, 1952.
P.1, Export of electric fittings produred by the "Rade Koneart
factory' in Zagreb.
P.2. THERE IS A CONSIDERABLE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REFUGEES I: ND
EMIGRANTS LIVING ABROAD,
P.3. Prospects of the coal mine TrbOV1Je,
.
Increased preduction at the seap 'factory near Celie.
METHODS APPLIED BY,TkE.CLERGYMAN ANTOU MERKUN NOW. LIVING AT:
BilRBERTON, OHIO, IN COLLECTING. ALMS FOR:HIS FORMER
PARISH AT'DOBRO POLJE. .
P.4. From the life of 50O0 women textile woriers at Maribor.
Economy in electric current in Croatia during 1951.
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HEADLINES ,EORBA 11th February, 1952.
P.l. The cultural life of the villaze and the Peoole's Front
flsi,.7,nededitoria1)
TODLY ifhi; FIHST LHIeLsoT OF. 14ialWN MILITiAY LID ::RRIVZS IN IJh
PLENARY SESL,ION 011 Th CLIEF KRUULTURkli icaftf2aiiTION OF' CROATIA TO BE
HELD ON THE 13TH -ND 14T14 FEERUI,RY
PLE,:aY ESL,ILYN OF Tii TOoN C01,!MITTEE ui CAOLTLiN CP IT LAGRB:
TO CURENT MSKS, THZ, aye LIC-on:-.TM 100 0 IMAL)6
ORG.i.iNISLTIONS
* .
Factory-cable at evetozarevo (Illustration)
Electrical systems of Soca and Drava linked
FROM TOMORROW THi.E ILL BA NO .STRUCTIONS IN BELGRADE ON THE
USE OF ELECTRICITY IN IfL MORNING
'Negotiations concerning truce in Korea: United Command eropos,al,
rejected: Chinese -.North Korean dele,eatin requests that all
Asiatic problems be investigated after the truce:
No imDortant fighting (UP, Tokyo)
?
Pit3
Comment on the decisi,n of the ...onn Parliament: varying views in
Paris, London and \ashington: it is considered that the diffi-
culty concerning creatin? E European Army can yet be smoothed
over
Economic items: those who have the right to sell tobacco
Replies to questions on the Social ?1st
PLENARY SESSIJN OF -THETMWIRIAL COMMITTEE OF ,YiNDICLTES OF .
AGRICULTURAL '40JAERS TH:,S -AliK OF EDUCTION I-,ND THE
URE OF 2E;e2LE ON ST ii FARMS
MEIvilK;RS OF C0-0*:nATrkS GO 'LBROAD
International Union of Students: about 2,000 students from abroad
will visit Yugoslavia: our students too will training. in
various countries
Why ,f-ods are exported from Germany and Austria by rail, and not
by sea: figures which represent a serious warning (Article by
Ljp.najnvajn)
The ex)erience of the Workers' Councils: .monthly and quarterly
analyses in undertakings (Article by Sindik Trip)
Parliamentary elections in India: success of Nehru's Party
Situation in Iran: results of elections in Teheran (UP, Teheran)
Demonstrations in the Iranian towns Zabol and z,ahidan
(111J, Teheran)
International Bank wants refinery a Abadan to recommence work
(Reuter, Lahore)
Increase in the number of refugees from Eastern uermany
Berlin)
Edgar Faure's difficulties in the French Parliament
Conference on Asiatic economic problems
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P.3.. Letter from Oslo: what kind of chanes in lorweien econnmy can
be ex)ected (Article 'sined-M.Btlecr'
Cominformistaatttsct neo-Fascist youth (Undesinatedp Rome)
Britain will seek new concessions.from the USA (Undesignated,
London)
End of strike of civil servants in Greece (AFP, Athens)
Sto.) press: Britain 2roposes renewal of negotiations with Eapt
(Reuter, Cairo)
Conversations on Egy:Aien and -ritish military officials
(Reuter, Ismailia)
Trial in Tunis (Reuter, Tunis)
There ar.i still about 2 million prisoners of war in the USSR
(Undesigneted, Geneva)
POLITIKA
P,;2.- A useful example of a meeting of the District Committee .of the PF
at Eosanski Brod (Article sLned I.D.)
Bus srviCe between iiovi Sad and 3enta
MOSCOW HINDEHS THE ECON NIC i-FOHTS OF ASILTIC COUNTRIES: AFTEA THE
CONFERENCE IN RhNGOON
P3. A mistaken understanding concerning :rofitaba4.1.y (Editoriel)
An industrial town on the banks of the Beej Canal (Article
about Zrenjanin by Volislav Djuki6
Overseas interest in our machine prodilction: the factory
"Rade Koncer" is requested to erect a com)lete hydro-electric power
station in Rio Colorita in Argentina
P.44 Annual Assembly of Librarian Society in the Volvddina
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NOVA MAKEDONIJA
Feibru:ary,-,5.0,:195g.
P.2. Goce Delcev - defender of freedom and.national independence.
P.3. Striving:for 'economy and better quality of products 'is the
?
basic task of our timber industry. .?
jlt
Tobacco experimental station ' is Shortly, to be put into
:operation at Bito1,1;
P61*
LA VOCE DEL POPOLO
February 8, 1952.
THE DIFFICULTIES OF THE PORT AUTHORITIES AT RIJEKA,
February 9, 1952.
P.2, CATASTROPHIC RESULTS OF THE COMINFORM POLICY,IN THE LIGHT
OF ELECTIONS 'HELD IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES DURING 1951,
IF
? SLOYENSKI POROCEVALEC, ,
? February 8, 1952.?
Successes by the ,Yugoslav shipping agency "Jugolinija".
P.2. SCHOOLS ARE INTENDED FOR THE ,ADVANCE AND NOT FOR RETRO.;
GRESSION.( ARTICLE RELATED TO RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION
P.3. Basic changes in the Organization of the state farm "Belie?.
P,4, Biographies of intellectuals awarded "Presernfs Prize"..
February 9, 1952,
P.14 FULL TEXT OF A-LETTER BY THE CC OF.THE SLOVENE CP ON
. .POLITICAL ACTIVITY TO BE DISPLAYED ON THE
COMMUNIST PARTY ORGANIZATIONS IN -SLOVENIA.
P.4.
February 10, 1952.
P..1. Export of electric fittings produced by the "Rade Koncar"
factory in Zagreb. .
Biographies of intellectuals awarded "Presernts Prize"
(Continued);
*
1).2. THERE IS A CONSIDERABLE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REFUGEES AND'
EMIGRANTS LIVING ABROAD.
P.3. Prospects of the coal mine TrboVlie.
* .
'Increased production at the soap factory hear Colje.;.
METHODS APPLIED BY,THE,CLERGYMAN ANTON MERKUN NOW LIVING AT.
BARBERTON, OHIO-, IN COLLECTING ALMS 'OR HIS FORMER
PARISH AT ,DOBRp POLJE. ,
P.4. From the life of 5 060 women textile workers at Maribor.
Economy in electric current in Croatia during 1951.
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- 7
BUDGETS OF PEOPLE'S COMMITTEES
The budgetary system in thUhew planning and financial.
system has been altered by the new Law an bucl;ets.
The basic daaracterLstic of the new budgetary system
is that each branch of the People's authority /Fational.
Assemblies and People's Committees/ draws up its budget ,
independently and that these budgets are not amalgamated
into a sinele uniform national budget. The relation
between the budgets of People's Committees is only in the
computations whidh superior People's Committees provide
from their budgets to those lower People's Committees
which, with their revenues cannot cover reasonable and
necessary expenditures from the income of local enterprises
owing to their low e'rade of productive capacities.
The budgets of People's Committees /district, town
and municipality/ provide the expenditure and plan the
financial resources whith are stipulated by the social
plan as the means for carryime out tasks of the state organs
and institutions, for providing other social funds and for,
the needs of that branch of ecenomy which is financed, from
the budi;et of the administrative-territorial unit.
Starting from the principle that the accumulations
belong to those who are realizing them, the new Wgetary
system /eaves the People's Committees to distribute inde-
pendently in their budgets the entire amount of revenue
provided by the Law. This restriction of the distri-
bution of revenue is only a .transient phase in the period
of the gradual withering away of the state; certain
revenues realized in the territory of an administrative
unit will continue to be added to the budgets of Republics
end to the Federal Budget for accomplishing the tasks laid
down by the social plan of the Republics and the Social
Plan of the FPRY.
?
Thus, from the ordinary revenues of the People's
Committees one part of the social contribution and the
supplementary social contribution paid by economic units
will go into the -republicen end the Federal budgets. The
Feral Socie/ Plan determines the percentage of these
contributions which ere to be introduced into the Federn1
budget end the budgets of the People's Republics, while the
District Social Plan determines the percentage which is due
to the municipalities.
Income tex end excess profits tax and the surplus
WI7g118 fund tax goes to the Federal bpeget, but the Lw allows
a pos4bility of part of this revenue to be ceded to the
People's Republics.
In principle, the income tax is a revenue of the
district and the town. By the social earall of the People's
Republic a pert of this revenue can be ceded to municipalities.
Receipts from death end succession duties belon: to
the district, town end municipality. The ?listribution
among the beneficiaries is determined by the Social Plan
of the district for the -'istrict, town cnr-'
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Local surtax belongs to thistrict, town and
municipnlity. With thi6 kind of'receiPt the municipality
is being.financed. The distiibUtion af local surtax and
the minimum rate is prepOribe.by'the government of the
FPRY. The voters' meeting determines the volume of the
local surtax, within the given maximum.'
1.0cal tax belongs to the Munieipality or town'which
vres6ribed it. A Special supplemetery budget determines.
the use Of this revenue, The volUme of this local tax
detertined by the voters' meeting whiCh'at the same
tiMe.decides-on What it will be spent.
Redeipts from cUstoms .go into the Federal but.
ExciSe:is inserted as revenue in the budgets of the
People's RepUblid, Autonomous unit, district town and
muniCipality. The computation of the excise into percentage
is prescribed by the budget of the People's Republic, and,
forethe municipnlity and towns within th6.clistrict ? by
the bildget of the district.-
Revenue of Tepartments and institutions go into the
'budget from which these departments and institutions are
financed. ?
The Budgets of edministrative-territorinl units are
drawn by the People's Committees in contrast to the present
practice, by which they are passing the budget independently,
that is, they are no longer bound by quotas received from
superior People's authorities and dividing it up amongst
smaller authorities.
The authorities prescribing the execution of the budget
of the district and town are the presiCent of the Peoples
Committee together with the President of the Council for
Finance. Up to now they have,been the President and the
Secretary of the People's Committee. This increased control,
by the inclusion of the. President for Finance, which is pnrt
of the generol financial control now uncle, way, and which-incline-
towards linking the responsible financial organ with the
Minister of Finance of the People's Republic.
The new Law on budgets introduces a novelty in connection
with our new planning -nd financial system: the Pra.esidium
of the National Assembly of the FPRY can exceptionally, on
? the proposal of the government of the FPRY, prohibit tempo-
rarily the use of n part of budgetary and existing funds,
if serious danger appears from disturbances in respect of
trading funds or from capital investment. This exceptional
measure ensures the balance of trade and ft/Imolai relations,.
and consequently the value of the dinar, as well as basic
capital investment.
This is, during the development of our economy, a
necessary restriction of the budgetary inderendance of the
People's Committees,
.By reorranising tha People's Committees, which follows
up tae promulgation of the new Lew on People s Committees,
further str'i"e will be made towards democratization, in
which ,the direct producers will use the accumulation which
they realised for the economic advancement of their own
art, their district, town and their municipality.. The
budget 'will be an instrument though which their Social Plan
will be ochieved. '
Signed: F.K. gy,a, 8 February /952
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- 9 -
SulIET ECONOMY REFLECTED IN FALSE STATISTICS
A rePort concerning.the eAecution of the 1951 Plan has been
Published a short time ago, One gets the 1,e,reeeion from the .report
that the Soviet statistics e,e trying to show in a round about way how
industrial production in the- USSR is at a much hi:her level than indus-
trial eroduction in the economically develo)ed apuntries in the lest.
No doubt, the productive forces in the USSR have increased greatly
in oomParison to the situation which Prevailed in Tzarist Russia, but
this cannot be considered as a sign of economic development. If,
for example, one takes the Proeuction of steel and electric energy ier.
inhabitant, as a measure of industrial develoPment of the country,- it
will be seen thqt economic production in the USSR is much behind that
in the industrially developed West.
The ?production of steel in 1950 In the Soviet Union was 134 kilo-
grams Per head, while in the USA 578 kilograms, in Great Britain 327,
in France 208 and in Austria 135 kilgrams for the same period of time,
The Production of electric energy in 1950 in the USSR was 434 kwt.
hours ler head, in the USA 2,168, in Greet Britain 1086, in France 758
and in Austria 617 kwt.hours.
at.
The SoViet statistics offer no ready data concerning Production.
The relorts give only etrcentages of reltive figures on the fulfillment
of the Plan in relation to past years. Soviet statistics introduced
this Practice ejut before the beginning of World War II and is employ-
ing it Particularly now in order to hide the subjugation of their
economy to demands of armaments and to keep back unfavourable results
in the non-fulfillment of the elan from the citizens.
These methods in Practice mean e false representation ?of the situ-
ation in individual branches of economy, T'rlr cam-le, in 1997 it was
stated that inclustrial Troeuction. was 83% and aFricult reIr, of gross
;Production of the total national economy -.but at the same time the
number employed In inddStry W8S not i_Ven. Only later, On the basis of
an item in an Prticle written by the Soviet,pconomist Verge, it Was
seen that the number of workers emPlo-ed in-industry was 17% and conse-
quently, the above Proportion between industrial and aexicultural Pro-
duction was not 'correct.
In the rePort conterninr the flIfillment of the olen'for 1951
Soviet statistics affirm that industrial oreduction in 1951 has increa-
sed by 10% in comparison to 1950.. This would 'mean that their industrial
production would increase in 10 years 4i 'times. This is imiossible and
such increasdin industrial production has not *been marked so far in any
country.' Even the USA, in the veers of their most tempestuous develop-
ment did not mark a greater annual increase in inaustrial production
than li%. In fact it would be hard to believe Soviet statisticians in
regard to data they erovide end some sort of relatively exact data could
?
be obtained only by Subsequent calculation.
The re-fort for 1951 says that a "broad building Programme" has been
realised in which particular attention was Paid to apartment houses,
which. should 'resent an increase of 120% in comparison with 1950, But
if one take-s into account that the Soviet ireidction of cement is 50
10.1ogrammes p'er heed, Which means that it is lower than in' Yugoslavia
(7b.5 k:iloprammes) 'one can well imar,ine how they realise their building
-erogramelle.
The reeort levs'a reat deal of attention to the production of
commodities of mass consumption end to foodstuffs. In this branch
"the task set by the Government in regard to suIllemdntery Production
of industrial and food article's above the veerly elan" has been
surPassed. Thus "a greet deal" of woollen, silk, cotton textiles
clocks, cameras, sweets, champagne, cigarettes, etc, etc were menu-
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In examining this data concerning the )roduction of industrial and
food articles it would be best to begin with the raw materials which
condition this )roduction. In animal husbandry which is the raw
material basis not only for the food industry but also for the manu-
facture of many other articles for mass consum)tion, the Soviet Union
stands much worse than Tzarist Russia and even relatively behind Yugo-
slavia, The USSR has about 200% more cattle than Yugoslavia, 400%
more hogs,. 700% more sheep and goats end about 400% more horses. If
one takes into consideration that the Soviet Union has 13 times 6s
great,a 1)o)ulation as Yugoslavia, then it is obvious that the Soviet
industries of wool and textiles, footwear and food will not have
sufficient raw materials and that the Soviet statistics cannot boast
of satisfying the needs of the -Dooularion.
Therefore it is evident which purpose the fable concerning "the
rich and cultured life" in the USSR has to serve. It is meant in the
first :)1ace for Soviet citizens, who separated from foreign countries
must be satisfied with that which is offered to them. It is meant also
to throw dust into the eyes of the )eople abroad and show that the
Soviet economic Policy is centred on economic building and the raising
of the standard of living of the )o)ulption and not on war industry,
The data concerning the execution of the Ilah teneb all in this direc-
tion - but they are very far from reality.
(Sd?) Ka.
? (POLITIKA - 9th February, 1952).
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i,GREMENT BETWEEN AUSTRIA,N TOURIST ,,CEICY AND 2UTNIK
An agreement was signed yesterday at the "Putnik" agency in
Belgrade between the President of the Austrian travel agency and
I7Putnik" by which the Austrian agency reserves 500-600 beds in our
tourist accommodation during the height of the season and iust before
it. A thousand Austrians are ex)ected. to holiday in Yuioslavia.
(BORBA - 10th February, 1952).
CONFERENCE OF REPRESENT/ITIVES OF 'STAT OLDINGS IN SERBIA
?
?
Re2resentat'ves of workers, collectives of state holdings in PR
Serbia who had attended the )1enery session of the Syndicates of Agri-
cultural Vorkers of Serbia, held a conference yesterday. Today they
will take art in the work of the _denary Session. .
(BORBA - 10th Februery, 1952).
ESTABLISHMENT OF A CULTUAJL CENTRE IN za_1=-7,
(Trieste, 9th February)
An all-American committee to held in the develoment of a Slovene
cultural centre in Trieste, wil4ch was forrerlv established in the
American town of Cleveland, has collected first contributions for
foundin this centre. In the first few days of this month the committ
collected 250 dollars for this work.
The work of collecting funds ben this month will continue until
the end of June, (Tanjug)
(BORBA - 10th February, 1952).
YUCOSLIX, TOURIST CENTRE 0)1.1MEii IN LONDON
(London, 9th February)
A Yugoslav tourist information centre has been o qmed in London
which will )rol,ide advance touris connections between Great Britain
and vuposlavia, in which our government has great interest. The Yu.,?.o-
slal, tourist centre, situated in the busiest )art of London, is
attractively decorated by a larve number of )'Iotouradis of well-known
tourist so)ts in Yu oslaAia. As soon PS the centre was o)ened a large
number of )eo)le were interested in travelling to Y14os1avia
,,s,ecially to the Dalmation coast.
(BORBA -10th February, 1952).
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EDWARD KARDELJ INTERVIEWED BY, A "BORBA" CORRESPONDENT.
Question: As we have been informed, in the Project of the law
ocnc( mina People's Committees which will soon be oresented to the
Peoele's41ssembly for discussion the creation of Producers' Councils
is en\isa;ed besides annuel meetings of councillors. Please tell us
somethino concerninp the imPortance of the Producers Councils for the
further building of socialism in the )resent sts[-e of develooment of
socialist democracy?
Answer: In the Proiect of the new general law concerning
Peleles Committee? which is now elabdrated in the Council for Legis-
lation and develoment of Peolle's authority of the FPRY Government, in
co-oleratiPn with Republican Councils, en' institution named Producers'
Councils is in fact envisaged. The aroiett will be presented in the
next few days to the Government and / hooe that the People's Assembly
will accePt it in the course of this month.
The Producers' CounCil as a component of the People's Committees
is a natural end further step in the develooment of the organisational
dystem of social Lemocracy, whost foundations have been laid down in
our country by the introduction of Workers' Councils. At the same time
it comolies with years long asPirations of the International Socialist
Movement as well as with the PrinciPles, which Marx considered as the
vital basis of building a socialist state of a transitory period, emPha-
sising that this is in feet "the working cless, organised as a state".
The Producers' Council will have clearly and openly the final
worn in the distribution and use of the surplus work of direct pro-
ducers, namely to workers' co-o)erative members, working pease/Its and to
other ieoplei it will strengthen 3owerfully the direct influence of the
producers, and particularly that of the working class on state adminis-
tration in.all its degrees and generally on Tublic life in our country;
in a stronger form than the hitherto means of our socialist democracy
they will be able to restrain bureaucratic tendencies;? they will deve-
lop a more efficient control by the community or individual enterprise
end contribute vigorously in harmonising individual interests with
those of the community; they will su?ress aarticularism and will be
the school of socialist consciousness in tl,o ormenent strut le for the
interest of the community of aroducersi Its very eyistance will Prevent
the formation or establishing of any bureaucratic cliques and castes
whatsoever and will ensure that authority should remain in the future
in the hands of our workinppeople. led by the working class How
vital is the erection of such barriers aaainst bureaucratism has been'
shown best by the develoament in the USSR, where the bureaucratic caste
has snatched corn Pletely the Power from the hands of the working class.
The institution of the Producers' Council, so long as it is
accePted for the People's Committees, we shell have to introduce it also
in the system of federal and reoublican supreme people's authorities
and by doing this we are making one of the most imPortant steps forward
in the further development of the ort-anisational system of our socialist
democracy; Practice will introduce perhePs in time new corrections
in this system, but I am convinced that it is, taking it as a whole,
the most successful teens to ensure Permanent progress towards higher
socialist forms. It helps the oermanent and ever-growina development
of the initiative of the workers, harmpnisint collectives and individual
interest, and Prevents at the same time a?earances of bureaucratic
despotism, which is always followed unavoidably by:tagnation and revival
of different elements of the oast. And this is, I thihk, the most
important objective in the present stage of the development of our
revolution,
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question: What kind of )roducers will be elect_d in the councils
and who will elect them: by producers in )roduction units or by
Workers' rouncils?.
Answer: This ruestion is still under discussion and thurefore I
cannot answer the first Dart of the ouestion.
According to th draft T the law, all workers.- _Producers, namely
work:rs in industry, mining, transport, etc., workers in socialist agri?
-
culture, members of '.osant:Workinv co-o)Eratives, injividual working
)easants through agricultural farms of the general type, workers in
crafts, etc. will send thdr represFntatives to .P-oducers' Councils.,
They will be reorasontej in thu to the )rrtici-
pation of the basic )roductive branches in the -en,ral social /-oduc-
tion. In other words their role in these orrens will be ,ro-)ortionate
to the contribution which they ri,ve to the s)cinl community,
This )rinci)le is emocratic and. iust.. .,1,he working class, for. .
example, contributes by far the most to the social community, and it is
ri,,.ht that it should have a decisi:ve influence in the ',Problems of.
distribution and use of the.surplus -f work.
uestion: No doubt the Produc,rs/ CouncLls ru2resent a step further
in the socialist system of manaement. But, as workers, ,Deasants and
craftsmen will be elected in these councils, could you tell is how,the
leadershi) of the workin., class of our cfluntry will be sbcured?
Answer: The Pro 4cers' Cuncils will strenthen Jirectly to a
-greet extent the influence of the. w rkin glass nr the .totel activities
of state adminitration, ' As socialist flduatry; In the total social
Production, has the first olace, much farther ahead of other hrpnches,
it' is clear that - )ro)ortf,-n-Lely - the1,:::4k,rs' re)resentatives Will
be the moat numerous in the Pror,ucers' Counclis. It is true that in
our country there are industrially unler-delooed d.istricts, whe.rethis
will na be the case, but s)eakink .in reneral, it is clear that the
leading role of the working cla s will be ax:?ressed the Producers'
Councils more )owerfully than by any hitherto agen.cies in the system
of our state oranisetion.
The result, of course, does not de end only on cr8anisational
forms and on numerical relationship in the P.,--ducersi Councils. It
de-)ends at the same time and evun '-
strugrle for the constant raisin- of'socip)Abt c, nsL,jousness amongbt
the working class. and amonst all our workerg,, Pnd this task lies in
the first'qace'with the CP:. Its leadin-rile consists )rimarily in
it.?
Question: In reard to the fact that Jr.c),,ucers' Councils are a
new institution, althouji-formed on the basis of hitherto successes in
the development of our ddmocracy, could you tell us what their'compet-
ence will be?
Answer: The Producers' Councils will decide on an equal footing
with Annual Dieetims of the Peo)les' Committees all economic que-.stions
- as I hate said before - in all nuestions wh,ch regard distribution
and the sur)lus of work.
Outside these limitd, the c,nnu,11 meetings of the People's
Committees will bring their awn decisions irrle,enrlontly., On the other
side, the Producers' Councils will be able to )err,)rm indelpn(,,ntly
certain social functions of control or r the economic actilities of
industrial enter)rises which will be ass-lined to them hr law.
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Question: Can you tell us if some 4ftitedure has been envisaged in
ceFe agreement is not reached between Producers' Councils tnd annual
meetings of the 2,eo)le's Committee members?
Answer: If the Producers' Council and the annual meeting of the
Peo)Mi?Uommittee do notreadm an agreement2 the draft law )rovides in
the first instance a defined )rocedure within the Peo_de's Committee
(common session) and new %oting.If in this instance no agreement is
reached then the final decision would lie with the s)eciel commission
of the Re?ublicen Peo?le's Assembly.
(BORBA - llth February, 1952).
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YUGOSLAVIA WILL TelKE PART IN TRIESTI] TRADE FAIR
(TrieSte, 9th February)
Exhibitions of coffee and timber are being prepared by the
trade-fair administration in Trieste. Brazil has already
declared her intention to display various kinds of coffee, and
negociatimg are in progress with Colombia, San jomingo, Ecuador,,
Haiti and other Central American Republics. Of rarticular
importance will be a special exhibition of wood. YuEoslavin and
Austria will diSplay their most important wood products, while
the French Colonies will show well-known kinds of tropical wood.
Countries which have so far declared their intention of taking
part in the Trieste Fair are Austria, Fr-ince, Western Germany, as
well as Yugoslavia who will have more than 300 square metres of
exhibition space.
(POLITIKA - 10th February, 1952)
WORKERS CLASH WITH THE YALAGEIIENT3 ug BULGkR1AN ENTI]RTRISES
In the industrial enterprises of the Lovec district in
northwestern Bulgaria several conflicts took place in January
between workers and management. These incidents show the unhappy
conditions in enterprises and the bad relations between workers
and administrations.
At the end of January a factory .Wolta' for the carmine; of
fruit and vegetables :,nti.ely stopred work because its produce
was returned from abroad owing to its weak quality, and a large
part of it was destroyed as being unusable. By a decision of
the directorate of the enterprise, all the workers were immediately
dismissed and a Control Commission arrived from Sofia to carry out
an investigation and to discover the causes of the failure of the
enterprise. So far the inquiry has produced no results.
Previously in the offices of a leather factory "Vicur" a
fire broke out so that a large pert of the enterprise was
destroyed, and it was put out of action. The management announced
that as retribution for sabotage all old workers should be
dismissed and their places t-ken by newly organised peasant
labour. The workers were opposed to this decision and there was
rioting, which was rut down by policy and 3tete '3ecurity forces.
A large number of workers were arrested.
(POLITIKA - 10th February, 1952)
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-16
FULL JasSION OF GF CROATIA FOR THE CITY OF ZAGREB
Two current 'problems: new economic system and work in mass
erganisations
(Zagreb, Inth February)
The two-day conference of the CP Croatia for the city of
Zagreb dealt with a few current problems t'le most urgent of which
were (1) the basic tasks of the. Party organisations in enterprises,
the work of the Party in .mass organisations and (2) the participa-
tion by Communists in tYe life of the city.
After the reading of reports by the members of the Party
Bureau, Milutin Baltic and, Marko Saric, and the debate which
developed thereafter, it was clearly revealed that. the following
are the two basic tasks for which struggle should be fought:
(1) preparation of the new economic system (solution of our basic
economic problems) and (2) ensurance of proper work in mass
organisations.
Concerning the work of Party organisations in enterprises
? The new economiC system will greatly change the position of
the enterprises when obligations are assigned to every enterprise,
and for this reason the working collectives in Zagreb have been
conducting of late a lively discussion on the subject of the Social
Plan. The discussion has revealed the fact that some of the
managers of enterprises have endeavoured to hide reserves and to
show greater expenses so that their rate of social contribution
would be lowered. Thus the management of City water Line had sub-
mitted calculation3which hid reserves of 200 million dinars in
material, labour force and overhead.expenses.
There are also cases in some enterprises where production is
expensive and of poor Quality. For example, children's perambula-
tors made in Zagreb are about 1000 dinars more expensive than those
made in Zemun. However, an analysis has shown that there has been
great squandering of material in this enterprise and that the chief
manager and commercial manager had been Concerning themselves with
everything but their unterprise. The "Lipa Yin" factory still has
a large stock of readymade goods which cannot be sold, and it appears
that the ironical remark made by a member of the working collective,
"So far we have been producing for stock, and from now on we shall
be producing for the market", is ouite in order.
The members of the Party organisation in the enterprises are
doing just the proper thing when they direct discussion on the
Social Plan towards discovering material reserves, economic and
technical analyses of utilisation of raw materials and machinery
and better organisation of technological processes and reduction
of overhead expenses. This discussibn has revealed that in some
enterprises there is the problem of excess lrbour fdrce (textile
industry), while in ether enterprises (nonferrous metallurgy,
machine-building, metal industry, etc.)there is a tendency.to
dismiss women workers. At the meeting it was noted that there is
still too high a percentage of white-collar emiloyees compared
with workers. Thus, at the end of February, not counting the
private sector, there were in ZaT,reb in the smaller enterprises
about 58,500 workers and 21,983 white-collar employees, which
represents the ratio of 2.65:1. ,In the. enterprises of republican
character there were 11,246 white-collar employees to 26,935
workers. In the "Kontakt." fa-ctory in Zagreb there are 98 white-
collar employees compared to 108 rrodiac-trr-t,----woers; !Ind not, an an isolated case.
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It is just in the light of solving these tasks, rroblems
and difficulties with which our economy is faced that one should
view and appraise the nuestion of the mana7ement of economic
enterprises by the Workrs Councils and Managing Boards. For
examrle, the session has noted that the aorkers Councils have
achieved considerable successes and gained precious experience
in their work: work discipline has been tightened, the organisa-
tion of work has been improved, labour force has been more
prorerly distributed, material and machinery arc being carefully
handled and successes have been achieved in solving problems
which are understandable to the workers.
3erious weaknesses in the work of the Workers Councils have
also been noted. For exnmrle, the jorkers Council of the 'Katran"
enterprise has not met for seven months; the Workers Councils of
the "Pluto' and "Yulaza" enterprises have not met for four months.
Meetings of the Workers Councils in the paper fectory and in the
"Jedinstvo.' factory are attended by not more than 30 to 40 percent
of therumbers, while in the "Branko ralesevic" factory the meetings
are held without the proper quorum. In some of the enterprises,
the number of members of the Councils from the producing sections
is too small compared with the number of members from the adminis-
trative section, and this is a ouestion which the Party organisation
must see to at the time of elections of the new Workers Councils.
ctivity of social organis-tions and work of Party members in them
The normal tendency of men to find something else useful to do
in addition to their regular work in the enterprises and institu-
tions has not been made full use of. The Party organisations in
some of the enterprises have been allowing this work to take its
own course and have not (3n-erned themselves with the result of
such work,
There are today in Zagreb about 200 various social organisations
registered with the agencies of authority, but in addition to them
theee also exist a certain number of so-called "wild" societies,
sections, actives, etc.
according to incomplete data about 70,000 to 80,000 citizens of
Zagreb are embraced by these forms of social organisation. The
forms by which social activity is manifested are of great importance
for our society, but however some of the Party organisations have
not been properly detecting this.. .
Certain examples show that the enemy has tried to exploit this
insufficient work ly the members of the Party in mass organisations
and social organisations. In the cultural, artistic societies "Otokar
Kersovani" and"Ognjen Prica" (the two societies which bear the names
of our two people's heroes) there was one time a tendency to change.
the names. In the cultural, artistic societies "Kreso Rnkic" and
"Joza Vlahovic" the situation is fairly poor. In the "raprijed",
".4grebl; "Mladost" and other sports societies, cases of tolerating
and supporting the petty bourgeois spirit have not been rare. All
this has occurred because people considered that the delegating of
individuals to the boards of these societies as presidents or as
secretaries would solve the entire matter.
It was noted at the me2tin that there are in Zagreb about
50,000 industrial workers but that, however, most.of the sports
societies, as well as the societies ,Teonle's Technology', 'Partizan'
Sports Organisation, mountainclimbers Club, Red Cross Societies,
"Our Children' Society, Fire Brigade, etc., are mostly or exclusively
composed of pupils, students, employees, tradesmen, etc. ',von in
purely workers' societies ("Vinko Jedjut'), workers rerresent an
insigrificant percentage.
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Absence of workers from the various forms of social life makes
it easier for various petty bourgeois concepts, religious
influences and insufficient. concern for public property, etc., to
penetrate into some of the organisations. Here are a few data ?
showing how little attention Party organisations ha-e been naying
to this. Out of a total of 539 Party members in the "Rade Koncar"
factory, only 120 are included in the work of social organisations;
in the "Naprijed" factory only one-fifth of the Party members is
active in this work; in the "Prvomajska" factory, only one-third
is active; in the "Ayto-Notorklub" belonging to the railway, out
of 771 members, only 30 are members of the Party; In the "Tresnjevka"
society of the Fifth City Ward there are only 3 Party members to
every 120 active members of the society, etc. The example of the
"Josip Kras" factory shows that much could have been done. In that
factory almost all the Party members are working in various physical
culture organisations, cultural-artistic groups, "People's Technology"
and other sections.
There have been cases in some societies and enterprises where
Communists have tried to bypass management and to manage things
themselves, saying that they are doing this "on instructions from
the Party." Such and similar mistakes have been exploited by the
hostile elements, particularly in some of the sports organisations.
It was noted at the conference that sport has remained to be one
of those "weak" spots in which petty bourgeois concepts have fairly
entrenched themselves and where the remnants of hostile elements,
after complete defeat in the political and economic fields, are
seeking possibilities for destructive work. It is due to this
fact that the Party organisations have a specific task of fighting
against such remnants and such work.
Finally, it was emphasised that one of the basic tasks of the
Party organisations at the present moment is to ensure proper work
of the social and mass organisations, so that they should represent
such organisations indeed which will educate honest, brave and
devoted-to-the-cause men, those who will be filled with faith in the
victory of the just cause for which our Party and our reoples are
fighting. (sgd) "N. K."'
(BORBA - 11th February, 1952)
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25X1C
25X1A
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DO NOT DETACH
SUMMARY OF THE YUGOSLAV PRESS
No.753
P.1. Headlines of Politika of the 28th March
P.2. Headlines of Politika continued
P,3. Headlines of the provincial press
FROM BORBA OF THE 24TH MARCH
*
28th March, 1952,
25X1C
E.4, In Hungary today: a gueq from the Soviet Union in a HunL;arian
P.23.
* Fruits of hard labour (Editorial)
FROM UMLADINA OF THE 22ND MARCH-
*
P.7. Details of Soviet tyranny: monument of misery
FROM BORBA OF THE 25TH
P.11. A discussion at home of the ideology of the workers' movement
in England
FROM BORBA OF THE 26TH MARCH
P.5. Letter to the Editor: Fascists think they can 'carry one now
as they did before the during the Second World War
FROM BRBA OF THE 27TH MARCH
P.8. Revulation of Customs Tariff.iissued: parcels which are
imported will be taxed
P.9. An important session (Editorial on meeting of People's
Assembly
P.14. Meeting of the Legislative Committee of the People's Assembly
of Serbia
P.15. Party OrL;anisation and Workers' Management
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 27TH MARCH
P.10. In the eleventh year (Editorial)
P.17. A blessing of fathers of democracy (Item on Trieste)
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 28TH Mao
P.18. Answer to Rumanian Note: refugee airmen granted asylum
P.19. Trial of spies in Capodistria
P.20. Spies paid by Italian Ministry of Finance says chief accused
R.21. A stranue decision (Editorial about Trieste)
Moslems in New Yu gdslavia live in complete freedom and with.
full rightsp.24.
StVarP841 Fii.iliaiabloileffi Id
:_AARD1483400446110111120012K1941)rieste
over/
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SUPPLEMENT OF TRANSLATIONS FROM THE PAOVINCIAL PRESS
740M SLOVENSKI POROCEVALEC OF THE 25TH igARCH
P.a. American books presented to Ljubljana University
Publdcation of. Yuopslav Export Atlas
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HEADLINES
-1
iflLITIKA
28th March, 1952,
P.1. STATEMENT BY MIHA MARINKO, PRESIDENT OF THE PR SLOVENIA:
TRIESTE IS ONLY AN EXCUSE FOR ITALY TO CONCEAL INTERNAL
DIFFICULTIES: THE -INCITEMENT OF IhILD IRREDENTISM LEADS TO
FRESH OUTBREAKS OF FASCISM AS A DoilINANT FORCE IN I1ALY
TRIAL OF Si-IES IN CAPODISTRIA: SPY NEI ORK IN YUGOSLAV LONE
OF THE FTT WORKED UNllER THE DIRECTION OF THE IRREDENTIST
ORGANISATION KLN FROM IrLIESTE
SPIES PAID BY ITALIAN MINISTRY OF FINANCE SAYS THE CHIEF
ACCUSED
A STRANGE DECISION (Editorial about Trieste)
MALIK REJECTS ENOIRY (Editorial)
Yugoslav Ambassador to Brazil leaves to take up his duties
Marshal Tito attends first performance of "Zone Zmfirove"
P.2, French Socialist Party delegation, having visited the factory
"Ivo Lola Ribar" and attended a reception at the offices of
Borba departed for Skoplje
Hold-up in negotiations between Britain and Egypt:
Lonest session of the present British Parliament
Disagreement in London political circles over answer to
Soviet Note
Anglo-Iranian dispute
ANSWER TO RUMANIAN-NOTE: RUMANIAN AIRMEN GRANTED ASYLUM
ON THE OCCASION OF THE RESOLUTION OF THE 1NORLD MOSLEM
CONFERENCE IN KARACHI: MOSLEMS IN NEW YUGOLL2VIA LIVE
IN COPLETE FREEDOM AND W_LTH FULL RIGHTS S,YS THE ChIEF
MOSLEM IN YUGOSLAVIA
Letter from Bonn: attitude towards Soviet oroposals in
Western Germany: (Article by llejan Lapcevic)
Unsuccessful attempt at assassination of Adenauer
Marija Berisic left for New York last night to take up his
duties as Yugoslav Deputy Permanent delegate to UNO
Brana Jevremovic to represent Yu,_oslavia at meeting of UNO
Commission on the Rights of Man
P.3. Fifth ne6uler Session of the PA of the FPRY begins today
Work of Legislative Committee of the People's Assembly of
Serbia
Problem of profit-making in the hotel industry: why prices in
the hotel industry climb (=rticle by M.Sevaljevic)
Distribution of Fund of Waes and _Profits in economic under-
takings: who will approve tariff regulations of economic
enterprises?
Correctin mistakes: postponement of Workers' Council
elections in firaterpris6s that are beingrBt...)rganised
From tomorrow the Montenegrin paper Pobjeda will issue a
10_paL;e number- twice a week instead of daily
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P.3. Improved prices for sunflower products
The Dalmatian concern Jugovini will soon put new
products,on the market
Conference of experts on plant protection in the Council for
Agriculture and Forestry
Slovenian rivers rise
P.5. New Town Committee of the Association of Belgrade Pensioners
elected
P.6. END OF CRILINAL GANG
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NOVA MAKEDONIJA
viarch 20, 1952.
P.1. Draft Social Plan of PR Macedonia for 1952.
March 23, 1952.
P.3. Erection of a cement factory near Skoplje.
SLOVENSKI POROCEVALEC
March 25, 1952.
P.2. American books presented to Ljubljana University.
P.3, Publication of a Yugoslav export atlas.
Iflarch 26, 1952.
Two new bauxite mines opened in Bosnia and Hercegovina.
P43: The people of Ptuj do not wish visitorg0Antonija.Pogacnik,
the wife of a member of the fifth column and Kulturbund.
Another lead and zinc mine in Kosovo.
Construction of new ships in. the shipyard nUljaniku in Pola.
P.4. Publication of a review of work of Sarajevo University.
March 27, 1952.
P.1, Construction of a normal gage railway tO the salt mine near
Tuzla.
P.3. Film factory is to be put into operation at Samobor this year.
P.4. Development of co?operatives of the general type in Croatia.
NOVA MAKEDONIJA
March 25,1952.
P.1. Interview with the Vice Premier of Macedonia, Vidoe Smilevski,
on the draft social plan of Macedonia for this year.:
P.4. Foundation of the Union of Women with University Training
in Macedonia.
P.6. Work of agricultural experts in co?operatives.
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IN HUNGARY TODAY: A GUEST FROM THE SOVIET UNION IN A HUNGARIAN MINE
Vepsava, the official paper of the Hungarian Labour Syndicates,
carried.on thp first ra2;e of one of its issues somewhere towards the
end of last month a report on the visit of Vasilije Kucer, the first
mechanic of the Don Bacin Yines who received a Stalin Award'', to an,
Hungarian coal mine.
In acouainting himself with the mine and with the work of the
Hungarian miners, Vasilije Kucer often expressed his dissatisfaction
and haughtily gave advice.
This is Lersava's description of the visit: i'Why don't you work
according to cyclical charts?', asked Kucer of the manager of the big -
mining trust, who shyly gave excuses why "this good system is not yet
being arplied in Hungary'. Kucer then ended the discussion by a ?
reprimanding lecture on how this system of operating the mines makes
it possible for the mining combine 'to work like my wrist watch"---
perhaps Le saya uses these words clumsily in order to show that a man
can comeoiu.The USSR with a wrist watch!
The report then deals with the criticism of the miner from the
Don Bacin of the t,-ansport system and its functioning. "NaturallYI
Kucer does not like our system'' writes No save.. He, therefore,
gives new advice: 'Every second shovel shouldbe lengthened by ten
centimeters so as to be abre 'to take small bits of'coalt."
tayeS'of the mine, workers were immediately opened", says the
official parer of the Hungarian Labour Syndicates. 'ahoy immediately
saw the simple and easy solution. The Hung.rian miner, Andras Iaslo
then said, 'Here we are working every day on this job and such an idea
never occurred to us?We thank you'. To which Kucer replied, 'That is
where we come in'."
Kucer has instructed the Chief Engineer of the learratia" mine
how to ensure the pits, etc.
Kucer's visit to the Hungarian mine is by all means an instructive
one--instructive in its own way. It is not, however, a question of
Kucer having taught the poor and unskilled Hungarian mine workers,
mining engineers and chief engineers and even the general manairer of
the mining trust how shovels take up more coal if they are extended,
etc. The visit gave an opportunity to Nepsava to once more show ouite
clearly how development of a satellite country such as Hungary has
already reached such a state that it is not sufficient to only laud the
Soviet Union and its citizens but that it is necessary to belittle And
degrade for this purpose the knowledge and brains of an Hungarian and
of the Hungarian-worker?the native compared with the civilized
colonizer. -csg,l) B. L.
(BORBA -210th 1,1arch 1952)
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FASCISTS THINK THEY CAN CARRY ON NOW A.3 THEY DID BEFORE AND DURING THE
SECOND WORLD WAR
Comrade Editor:
The bitterness of the Yugoslav public because of the Italian
chauvinist campaign against Yugoslavia in connection with the problem
of Trieste is understandable. Anyone who has at heart peace in the
world and friendly relations among peoples will ask with concern and
astonishment how is it possible that only a few years after the war
and the defeat of Fascism this one again raises his head insolently?
There is no doubt about it that what is happening is pure '2ascism, even
if it has cloaked itself with whatever name or watchword. The gravely
suffering humanity is determinedly repulsing Fascism--the nest of im-
perialistic desires and new international disputes, It is especially
being repulsed by the democratic section of tho populace of the territory
of Trieste who, because of their bitter experiences in the recent past,
announce that they will never again come under Italian rule. Fascism
is also being strongly repulsed by the Slovenes and Croats in that
province. The economic and cultural damaee which was caused by Fascism
between the two wars to the people and the country is far fr)m bein7
compensated. Now the Neo-Fascists are aspiring to complete what they
did not succeed in completing in the Second World War.
All of us who lived under Fascism in Italy do not heve such weak
recollections that someone can fool us about the position in the Yue.o-
slav zone of the FTT. If the Slovenes and Croats under the Italian
regime had as many rights as the Italians enjoy in Yugoslavia they
would be fortunate. Our eyes are turned towards Venezia Giulia, Gorizia
and Trieste where before the eyes of the world, which calls itself
cultured, our brothers must struggle for the most basic rights. At the
same time we are referring, to the past--what we had, what we lost
through no fault of our own and what has not been returned to us as yet.
Before the First aorld War we created strong cultural and economic
centers in Gorizia and Trieste. All of our cultural and economic wealth
was located in these centers, and it was stolen by the Italians despite
-aredr-solemn promise that they woull respect our rights.
"All Italians must be conscious that the Slovene question in the
Giulia Region can only be solved by the assimilation of helf a million
Slovenes", so stated Popolo di Trieste. This is the way pre-Fascist
and Fascist Italy operated.
No sooner wire the cannons of the First 4dorld War silenced theca
business schools and Slovene gymnasiums in Trieste as well as Slovene
normal schools in Gorizia were closed and the number of elementary
schools was reduced. The signal'for violence was the burning of the?
People's Home in Trieste which was the center of Slovene economic and
cultural life. The inventory and the headquarters of the Slovene
theater were burned at the same time, and the theater did not operate
until the liberation. The present theater still does not have its own
auditorium. Also lost was the inventory of the Music Registrar, the
large library with many irreplaceable books. Then the people's homes
in the suburbs of Trieste were burned: in Sveti Ivan, Darkovljama,
Skedenj and Sveti Jakov. The inventory of the Music Registrar and of
the Drama Society in Gorizia were also burned. The business home in
which Slovene play; wore presented was seized by the Fascists and ever
since the Slovenes in Gorizia have not had their auditorium.
In 1918 the Slovenes had about 310 credit and economic cooperatives
with 156 savin,;s banks and credit institutions with 92,000 members who
were enrolled in ',cooperative federations" in Trieste and Gorizia. The
Slovenes and Croats had 7 banking institutions in the center of Trieste
which were exposed to destruction immediately after 1918, and from
1925-1940 they were exposed to maltreatment.
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"Cooperative federations" in Trieste and Gorizia had to stop,
operating much earlier. Along with this, there was the planned destruc-
tion of the Slovene peasant households to which they brought Italian
settlers so that the Italianization of the province would be speeded up.
I do not want to go into detail of how in 1925 the Slovene language was
officially rejected in the courts, railroads and all public offices.
Many of the employees who were transferred to Italy after this have
never returned. I don't want to mention how from 1923-1928 the Slovene
and Croatian schools were abolished and the teachers either pensioned,
discharged or transferred to Italy.
In 1927 the 434 educational societies which were united in 'Trosveta"
in Trieste, the Educational Federation and the Federation of Educational
Societies in Gorizia were disbanded. At the same time the Federation of
Gymnastic Societies, the Women's Society, Sports Society and the academic
societies Balkan, Adria and istra had to stop orerating in Trieste. I
don't know whether to mention that in 1929 all the Slovene and Croatian
rapers were destroyed and over 115,000 Slovene names Italianized. I
still have not enumerated everything.
The person who reals this letter will ask himself whether all of
these mistakes which were committed in Gorizia and Trieste Provinces
have been corrected? No: This is confirmed by the daily struggles of
the Slovenes of Gorizia and Trieste. This is an unpaid account which
the Italian Fascists should settle. But this is not all that can be
expressed in figures. Where are the thousands and thousands of our men
who had to escare to foreign countries because of misery and political
persecution? Their places have been taken by settlers who have tried
to put the Italian stamp on the town and the province. What would
happen if we demanded payment for the blooA and toars'of those who were
beaten and tortured by the Fascists and thrown into prisons? Where are
those young men for whom the Fascist denationalization policy made it
impossible to speak and educate theMselves in their mother.tengue and
who are badly needed today? We are not dealing only with what we had
or what we lost but with what we would have had t)lay if development
had progressed normally.
Before the Trieste and Italian chauvinists decide to complain about
the changes in our boundary, behind which our brothers live, let them
settle the old accounts. This means let them ray the large economic and
cultural damages which they caused to our re)ple'. This demands a sense
of justice which is the basis of faith and goo(' relations between
neighbors. To every attempt which is contrary to this principle, we
will give the determined answer, of - No: We owe this to our brothers
who are still suffering over there because of the cmseeuences of
Fascist violence. This is also demanded of us by justice which must
eventually triumph in relations between peoples.
Ljubljana, 24th March, 1952 (sgd) France Bevk
(BORBA - 26th March, 1952)
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DETAILS OF SOVIET TYRANNY
Monument of UaLl
? Albania is not a rich country; however, the misery of its inhabi-
tants is being increased still more by the "brotherly aid" of the USSR
and by the "wise management" of the Soviet instructors and experts.
Here are a few data on their "unselfish" work in this Soviet colony:
While Soviet "instructors" get 25,000 to 30,000 lekas a month,
the highest Albanian gets 6,000 at the most.
Soviet experts in Albania have completely taken over the operation
of all the oilfields. Almost every day oil tankers loaded with oil
leave the ports of Valona and Drac (Avlona and Durazzo). They go to
the USSR. Very often the USSR sells this oil to the Italians?naturally
for its own account.
In order that irony should be greater, the Soviet experts in
Albania have ordered that a monument be erectod at the Kucovi (now
called Stalin) oilfield to the "greatest fiend of the Albanian people."
There is an inscription on the monument which reads "Every worker on
coming to work or on leaving work should throw a glance here, think of
Stalin and sum up his own work?sum up everything that he has done
during the day for Stalin and for Enver Xoxa." This monument, according
to Albanian Cominformists, ought to be the most explicit example of
Stalin's brotherly aid to the small and undeveloped Albania. In effect,
the monument typifies the misery and poverty of Albania.
Insects and Preservation of Peace
The Cominformists are prepared to say and to do all possible
absurdities and illogical things. If this work of theirs were not so
dangerous to peace and security of mankind, men wotld wonder and laugh
at it. Here is an unexplainable and ludicrous case:
Not long ago the Albanian Government announced that it had made
an agreement with Czechoslovakia on combating insects. At the end of
that agreement it is said: "The signel agreement is a further contri-
bution to the consAilation and deepening of relations between the two
nations. The agreement will considerably contribute towards the
preservation of peace."
100,000 Rubles for Slandering_Kaliallyla
The Tass Agency has announced a decree on giving Stalin Awards
for literature. Orcst Paljcev figures among the awarded and particu-
larly lauded--he received a firstclass award for his book entitled
"Yugoslav Traitors". Maljcev got 100,000 rubles for slandering the
new Yug'oslavia, its peoples and its leadership.
(WLADINA - 22nd Yarch, 1952)
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REGULATION ON CUSTOMS TARIFF ISSUED - PARCELS WHICH ARE IMPORTED FOR
SPECULATIVE PURPOSES WILL DE T'AIET
A few days ago the Federal Government issued a regulation on a
temporary customs tariff for goods which are imported by people who are
not registered importers.. At first sight it seets that this regulation
will make it difficult for our people to receive parcels from abroad.
These provisions are really aimed at putting an end to an unhealthy
practice.
As customs have not been paid on parcels from abroad since 1948,
individuals in our country have been using this and turning the parcels
they received into a source of illegal earnings. Instead of getting
personal goods, they were receiving commercial goods in amounts which
would be large even for a business concern. This showed that the
speculators knew their jobs very well. The goods were sold all over
the country--first of all to make some money on the high prices and
second to cover up their tracks. For example, incomplete evidence shows
that in 1951 there was over 330 million dinars worth of goods sold
through the trade net. Very likely the value of these agift parcels'
passes the billion-dinar mark.
Let us take a few examples: Olukic Stepan from Lovrec near Split
sold goods worth 1,373,770 dinars, and Mate and Ivan Jurcevic from
Zagreb sold goods amounting to 1,666,500 dinars. Prka Marinko from
Vrnjace-i)uvno sold goods from "gift parcels" amounting to over nine
million dinars, and Ivan and Stefica Bilic from Zagreb sold over
2,400,000 dinars worth of goods. We could cite many more of these
examples.
It is about time we put a stop to this easy-earning and untaxed
business, introduced legal customs (just as they are in other countries)
and used this income for the benefit of society. Accordin- to this we
are not dealing with the receipt of parcels for personal use and for
satisfying personal .needs but with ordinary business which is
subject to taxation.
But in introducing a customs tariff attention should be raid to
other circumstances. We are interested in maintaining a balance
between money and ?3)10,1S in our country, for we cannot permit unem-
ployed people to illegally accumulate large amounts of money which will
be used for further speculation. Such speculators really get large
amounts of the natio/inl revenue, and this is obtained at the expense
of the working people, which cannot be permitted in the endeavours
for the further stabilization of our domestic markets.
According to this, the introduction of a customs tariff is aimed
at taking away illegal profits; nevertheless, the new provisions pro-
vide tiat all parcels that contain basic f)od articles, clothing and
household goods for personal use will continue to be tax exempt. Goods
that arrive for social organizations, social, health and scientific
institutions will also be exempt from taxation. .The custems tariff will
not affect individuals who receive parcels from their relatives or from
emigrants who are helping their relatives and friends in our country.
But we must emphasize thlt the new dinar parity has changed in some
degree the situati)n in respect to sending packages. In respect to
certain items, for example food, 300 dinars represents a greoter buying
power than 1 dollar. Therefore, it would be better for those people
from abroad who send stuff to their relatives and friends in our
country to send m)ney (for it is a lot faster and more certain) instead
of parcels. the cenditions on our domestic markets, which are more
and more favorable, show that it would ho better to send money instead
of gift parcels. It is obvious that the emigrants and others wh) send
thins t our country can choose the mettle' by which they want to send
things, but the exchange rote of the dinar f)r foreign currency shows
that it is better to send money than parcels.
(BORBA - 27th Yorch, 1952)
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AN ILPORTANT SESSION
Tomorrow begins theffission of thePeople's Assembly of the
'TPRY.
On the a,enda are: the draft of the law concerning the
Social Plan of.the FPRY for 1952, the draft law concerning the
Federal Budget, the draft of the General Law concerning People's
Committees, the law concerning AAministrativedippttes; the Law -
aboutthe Public Prosecutors' Office.
This session, accotding to its im)lrtance, cannot be
separated from the previous ones. From, let us say, the sec,ond
seSsion.of AVNOJ held in Jajce in 1943 in the mi f enslaved
Europe, from the third session of AVNOJ in liberated Belgrade,
or from the Constituent Assembly and so forth. All these sessions
express .the degrees of development of our revolution, its :rythm
and tempo, constitute a unique whole.
Tomorrow's session is im)ortant tecause.the People's
Assembly will discuss and pass several new laws which express
the highest degree of our revolution up till sow. The essence
of tomorrow's session is contained by drafts of the law of the
Social Plan of the FPRY and of the Genera/ Law concerning
People's Committees. They: are those law projects Which in a
most direct way regulate our new, social relations* our democratic
deVelopment. The basis of democracy lies in the tact that our
working pea-pie participate directly in the disposal of the
fruits of their work. In it is reflected also the degree of our
revolution.
Every revolution (even a bourgeois one) necessarily con-
centrates at the beginning authority in the hands of executive
organs. This is quite natural. Otherwise it would not be able
to accomplish those great tasks with which it is confronted in
the first period.
But this circumstance carries within it the possibility for
its degeneration.
If a proletarian revolution des not find within itself
strength to carry over management to the working masses, but
continues to keep it in the hands of executive organs, they
necessarily separate themselves from their class social basis
and are transformed into an exploitation force above society.
A living example of such degeneration is the Soviet Union.
And the draft of the Law concerning the Social Plan and the
draft of the general law concerning PeoPle's Committees, which the
Assembly will discuss tomorrow, have the purpose to enlarge the
direct participation of the working masses in management and to
protect our democratic development from different anti-Socialist
tendencies.
The very fact that in small Socialist Yugoslavia, pressed
by many difficulties, especially from outside, the working
people discuss publicly and openly concerning the distribution and
expenditure of their surplus of labour has an extreme importance
not only for the spreading of our revolution.'
In the distribution of the surplus of work the decisive
word rests with the working class, and at that directly and not
through the Party only and political activities, because it
creates in fact its greatest portion and draws the :.whole social
development forward.
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The new draft laws provide for important novelties in
spreading our self-government in all sectors of social life.
The most important one is that the People's Committees ofowns and
districts are com.posed of two representative bodies; meetings
and Councils of Producers. The Council of Producers represents a
serious Step forward towards the creation of - Marxist cotmune.
In general, the draft law concerning the feople's Committees
carries over the essence of the work from executive organs to.
meetinzs and Councils ofProducers.
The novelty in the electoral system lies in the fact that
lists of candidates are set up directly by electors' meetings.
In this way is expressed the individual will of the people in
towns, villages end factories. In this way is more strongly
underlined our democracy as an-:extra,-Party one, as a democracy
wkich does not rest on a system of parties, either of one or
several of them, but begins, so to speak, iirectly from the will
of every working citizen.
The common basis of all draft laws lies in the fact that they
reflect and help the formation of socialist social relations, for
which have fought the most Inctael intellects of humanity.
Because of thet tomorrow's session of the People's Assemblyis
in the centre of attention of our political life.
(BORBA -27th March, 1952).
IN THE ELEVENTH YEAR
On 27th March, 1941 a general people's revolt overthrew the
pro-Fascist Government of Dritgisa Cvetkovic.Thass days were an 111-
troductriondm nsw history, into revoltuion and liberation of a
people.- From that time the people of Yugoslavia, as well as
other nations, had learned many lessons and experiences.
All this happened in this period of 11 years.
Throughout this time the Yugoslav people, heeded by the CP,
led a consequent fight for freedom, for independence 'and
equality amongst the peoples. This )ersistent struggle, which
. was confronted on the other side of the barricades by Fascism and
also by the Italian one, Plussolini's - end who was beaten in
this struEgle, led up to the unheard-of resistance to the
aggressive policy of theSoviet Union, the new enemy of freedom
and the Socialist future of the world.
But.beaten Fascism is again raising its head. In the last
few days, on the 11th anniversary of the great Merch'events, old
and neo-Fascists in the streets of Trieste, and later in Italian
towns - right up to Rome - organised their demonstrations.
These demonstrations remind one of the birth of g new d'Annuzio
adventure. And this time also, besides lessons in the pest years,
the demonstrations were again directed against Yugoslavia, with
the Duce's slogans: for Italian Dalmatia, for Istria fbr Montenegro
for Trieste: These demonstrations were therefore against the
liberation and revolution of a people.
We in YuFoslavia are conscious that from the struggles so
farfwe have come out victorious and that this is the result of
our persistent struggle for just and justified objectives. But
we are also clear about the fact that in this struggle the
vanquished had to exist too. The organisers of theseAlatest
demonstrations seem as if they are not conscious, that they do
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Our people, a victorious )eople in a difficult war and revo-
lution, a people which abattildaai. so cialism and is fighting for
equality amongst the states and the peoples - this people, on
today's anniversary, which reminds it of th, atrugLle against
. the Fascist concialettaao is ccnvinced of its future rnd of the
'Victory which it will still win, thanks to its consecuent road
and regardless of the difficulties which it might meet still.
Today all the enemies of our country - from those from the
East right uo to Italian Fascists and Irredentists - are compact
when it is the question of attacks upon Yugoslavia, upon its
independence and freedom. The experience of the past eleven
years, as well as experiences from former history, have taught
the Yugoslays that one can bear with all enemies to the end.
Therefore, today also, just as in the past 11 years, the most
powerful weapon upon which we rely - istthe unbreakable unity
and a firm, unwaveringfeatth in its capabilities' end creative 'for
a complete belief in the leading force of our society, the
CPY4
The Yuaoslav peoples did not get afraid nor did they retreat
11 years ago when from that side the rattling of arms beian,
directed against our border, and still less today, united,
firmer and more powerful have to be afraid of the egg,:h1gcnof the
Fascists in Italy. They accept all this calmly, conscious that
official Rome, by suiporting provocations against our national
honour, does not smooth the road to a normal solution of the
Trieste problem which would be an important contribution to the
strengthening of peace.
(POLITIKA 27th March, 1952),
A DUSCUSSION AT HOME OF THE IDEOLOGY OF THE WORKERS' MOVEMENT IN
IN ENGITRD
(March 1952
It seems rather: strange that only after a half hour's journey
from London to the South one can come'u)on such a ;region. -Here
amongst woods stands a:Tudor building WhichWas?erected at the
end of the last century. It is not assmall as it looks at
first. High brick chimneys and red slanting!--roirs.,Eogether
with white painted timber gave such an impression. The house was
built in 1893 and it can comfortably lodge 100 persons.
We entered the long pancilledadiningroom. On the diningroom
table tea Was steaming. The Webbs Webbs
Beatrice was in the late 90's of the last century a :Pretty
and talented daughter of rich?Mr.RichardiJotter. . Proposing to
herato:Imarry him, the 32-year old Sidney Webb explained to her
that 1 plus 1 is not. alwayS 2. but if they are united. they become
11. After 18. months consideration Beatrice finally decided to
marry Sidney Webb. Sidhey Webb got the aossibility with her
money of devoting himself to his work.. ? Lnd Beatrice., became
also Socialist and devoted, herself to the British Socialist
movement, Her name' aaPeared on the front pages, of many books
and she.became a member of the Executive Committee of the Fabian
Society, reMaininAa there for morethan 20 years, finally to
become one Of the. most prominent figures of British Labour.
Neither Sidney aeblY nor his wife were Marxists - in economics
he relied more Upon-Jevens end Ricardo, and .jn. politics, on
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Communism, believed- . and considered it as an easily thought-out and
practical. : organisation of society ..whee.', institutions which
are public eroeerty, both national and local, serve_ national
interests and through people's representatives, without the inter-
vention of capitalists and without any motives for erofit. Lenin
considered the Webbs as "representatives of one of the most pro-
gressive directions of Englieh Socialist thoueht? but criticised
the "opeortunism and liberal Labourite policy" of the Fabian
Society and of Sidney '.ebb.
Since the foundation of the Fabian Society in 1884 Sidney
Webb with Shaw was one of its most active and most productive .
interests. He thus:became one of the most erominent ideologists
of the Labour Party, at a time when this party-was called upon to
confront the masses with the defined programme, namely after the
First World WarsHe always particieeted actively in every-day
practieal political life and was very popular. In 1932 he visited
the Soviet Union. In Great Britain he was one of the most promin-
ent defenders .of the fruits of the October Revolution; He died in
1947 at the age of 88. deatrice died 4 years earlier, during the
war, after a short illness.
The House of Beatrice Webb was solemnly opened on September
13th,1947, It liras opened ,by the leader of the Labour Party,
CleMent Attlee. The house is devoted to the ideological education
of the membership of all sections of the British Labour movement.
In the summer this house is always full. Fabians, Trade
Unioeists, local Labour organisations, etc. hold there every day
their political courses and many workers and employees -
Labourites spend their vacations here.
In the winter it is mostly eMpty. From' time to time, once
or twice a week, courses are held. This series of lectures and
discussion are called "Weekend Schools".
When I went there the Fabian "Weekend School" was devoted to
problems of foreign eolicy.
There were young and old people' Some of'them - the
minority - who feel at home here, discuss matters with professional
routine. Then, activists from local Labour Organisations, who
follow all this with great interest, discuss the matters after the
lecture.
Present were also foreigners -Americans, French, Jews and
others and even us Yueeslava4
Discussion and Tea
As much as the discussionb'were lively, nobody spoke twice. ? ?
The French distineuished themselves somewhat with tneir temperamen,tp
and the English, as much as they enjoyed a good word or a good ioke
seemed to have paid the greatest attention to the weight of argu-
ment, exelanation and clearness.
That day the problemeof'relations b6tween the USSR, America
and Germany, were discussed in all seriousness, present-day
problems were looked at from the present-day perspectives, the
place and the present role of Great Britain and the direction of
her influence on the Western world, in which she lives and with
whom, acts,
Special interest as shnun in the German problem and in regard
to this everyone had his omparticular opinion. Discussion did
not end with any rapprochement of views. Only the leaders of the
discussion felt the mood of those present. They came to know in
what way different people approached problems and perhaps heard
new ideas. And this is sufficient for them.
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And those present at the"weckend school"did not seem to
insist on who won. Everyone of them enriched his knowledge
concerning subjects which were discussed and it is his own
private affair if he will change about this or that his opinion.
In any case he can come again and explain his attitude in a more
convincing manner, or demand discussion about the subject in which
he is interested.
On Saturday evening a party was held. They danced to
the music of gramophone records, different games were played and
at the end national songs were sung.
Those who did not agree well during the disc,LLions chatted
here amicably.
Mainly all those who left the house of Beatrice Webb 'found
themselves much more interested than hitherto in problems which
were discussed and that it is worthwhile to think over certain
new ideas, arguments and views which they have heard there,
(Summary) (Dusan Popovic)
(BORBA - 2Yth Marc h, 1952),
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NE.LaTliiG OF THE LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE PEOPLE'S ASSEldBLY OF SERBIA
The Legislative Committee of the People's Assembly of Serbia
began its work yesterday. The draft of the Law on Division of the ra
Serbia into Municipalities,Towns and Districts is on the agenda,
Milos Minic,the president of the Council for Legislation of the
PR Serbia,was the first to speak.
Comrade Minic explained the significance of the draft if the new
law and gave a history of its preparation. Work of the draft law was
started last August. In order to meet the wishes of the citizens as far
as possible, meetings of voters have been held throughout Serbia at which
suggestions have been given concerning the composition of municipalities.
The plenums of the people's committees of the districts have
taken into consideration the proposals made by the citizens and on the
basis of those proposals submitted their opinions to the Government of
Serbia. Wherever possible the (emands of the meetings of voters have
been met,so that really one could say about the draft law that it
expresses the wishes of all the citizens.
In determining the boundries of the future municipalities
attention has been paid that they should represent whole economic,
cultural and social units. For this reason certain changes have been
made--there are now 2,148 municipalities in place of the previous
2,582 people's committees of localities.
With respect to the bigger towns in the republic, experience has
show that their heretofore administrative division does not correspond
to real needs and that it hinders the work of the people's committees
of the districts and towns. For this reason it is proposed to include
these towns into the districts. There will be now only six towns with
independent people's committees inst(ad of the previous number of 37.
These towns are: Belgrade,Novi Sad,Subotica,ZrenjaninINis and Kragujevac.
The draft law provides for two categories of town municipalities
as parts of districts(without independent committees-Ed).The first
category will not differ' from the municipalities which will take place
of local people's committees,while the second category will have almost
complete independence in the communkilfinancial and some other affairs.
Mostly those towns which heretofore have had inlependent people's
committees will g.) into this second category.
In view of the fact that according to the draft law the number of
the basic territorial units will be decreased,it is also envisaged to
abolish certain districts,namely those which do not have a sufficient
material basis for existance. There are eight if such districts:Krajina,
Zaplana,Pcinj,Morava,Lipovica,Vasina and Mionica.
When Comrade Minic finished his speech,the president if the
CommitteelNinko Petroviclopened the debate on the draft law. During
the debate, Dobrosav Tomasevic also spoke. He is not a'member of this
Committee,butlas the deputy of the district of Miinica,he had come to
represent the desires of his electors. He expressed the desire of the
peo,:le of the district of lilionica that the district be not abolished
since it possesses necessary conditions to continue existing as an
independent district.
The Committee is continuing its work.
(BORBA, Farch 27,1952.)
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PARTY OiGANIZATIcNS AND 0 RKEttS 'NT
From the correct mutual relation of workers' councils and
party organizati-ns in enterprises depends in a great extent
the successful work of both of them, and by this the success of
the entire collective. There where this relation is correct,
results have not failed to appear. This is shown by the example
of Rakovica, the enterprise "Proleter" in Belgrade, the factory
"Drava" at Osijek and many other. The party organizations in
these collectives have not put specially on the agenda the question
of workers' councils activity but were following how the communists
work as organs of the workers' management, explaining to the members
of the collective the decisions of workers' councils and managing
boards, mobilizing them for the fulfillment of production plans
and other tasks.
In some enterprises, however, this "problem" of mutual relation
between the party organizations and the working councils arose. It
certainly has not been "publically" manifested, but that it existed
and that it still exists is shown, first, in the conception that
by creating workers' councils the party organization has no more
to be concerned with problems of production and with the enterprise
in general hut exclusively with its organizational matters, and
second, that the party organizati ,n, somehow manages the workers'
council too -not in th,, sense of political management - but that of a
direct administrative handling , as some kind of organ "above"
the working council or managin7 board.
.
Where lie the,ropts of such conceptions which are wrong in th
their essence?
When we deal with the conception that the party organizations
have no longer "-what to do" because working councils assume a great
part of those businesses whith which they were engaged, we must
remeMber the situation in which the communists found themselves
in our enterprises immediately after the liberation. As the most
conscious part of the working class they have organized and incited
the workers' council in the enterprises and considered a series
of questions of managing the enterprises Et their meeting. In
doing this they were often solving some current task of management.
In the new situation when the tasks of that direct management
and operational solving of most problems of enterprises has been
transferred to the workers' collective itself, that is,to its
workers' council, the managing board and some Party organisations-
especially those which worked more automatically - found themselves
in the position to "lose" their sense of work, i.e. devote
themselves exclusively, as it is already said, to the settling of
their purely organizational questions (accepting new members,
dealing with disciplinary punishment and similar). This attitude
appered in the opinion of some rarty members that now the party
'organization "has nothing to de", that syndicates as organisations
are becoming superflous. That is the reason why secretaries of
some basic Party organisations in the Vojvodina enterprises did
not know how the matters concerning the fulfilment of praduction
plans stand ("Kulpin", "Partizan" etc.).
This second conception, applied in practice', had also 'nepative
effects. Thus, the basic Party urganisetiun of the cellulose factory
at Prijedor planned a number of meetings of workers' council and
managing board which hod to be held in a fixed period. At the
meetings of the workers' council of the textile factory at Par-qcin
the secretary & the party committee was present, putting proposals
opini)ns and closing the beetinP --though he was not a member of
that council. Basic party organizations in the paper factory in
Belgrade and in the furniture factory at Kumanovo considered that
the workers alone are not capable to manage their enterrrises,
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and hence, perhaps, a direct intevention of these organizations
was necessary.
This interlacing and interference of"competency" was
expressed in various other forms, which celld be reduced to the;
that some party organizati)ns have not conceived clearly enough
their role in enterprises under conditions of the existence and
the work of workers' councils.
It is beyond doubt that both conceptions are wrong, as well
PS the practice which derived from this. However, it is much
more important to see here where the key for solving the problem
of that mutual relation between the party organizations and the
working councils lies. It is not difficult to answer this
question. Comrade Tito and othcr party leaders often spoke
al'out this; this has 'peon recently discussed in the Central
Committee of Or of Serbia,. Slovenia and jacedonia at their
plenary sessions. Reports and discussions are yielding rich
material on tasks of party organizations in enttrerises.
Finally, we find the answer, simply said, in the correct
conception of the place and role of the party in the social
and political life with us in general, and consequently in
our enterprises too, and on the other hand, in the -lace and
role of workers' councils. It is not necessary to emphasize
srecifically what the workers' councils have to de in enterprises.
This has been said clearly enough in the Law concerning workers'
management, and the present practice has already confirmed that
they have overcome their initial weakness, and that they are
already with a steady step en the road of becoming capable to
still better manage their enterprises,- assigned to them. All
this, however, does not mean that the party organization has
nothing to do. On the contrary, there is no problem in
enterprises with which it would not be concerned. How are
the production tasks carried out and how does the working
collective fulfill its obligations towards the eomtnity -
remains to be the task and care of basic Tarty organizations.
It is liable to discuss these questions at its meetings,
to put questions how these tasks are executed, to find a
way in order that they should be successfully performed.
But the matter lies in the fact that it should approach
these Problems as a ,political organization, and not as an
organ which will "take into its own hands" the workers' council
and the managing board, to solve the tasks of the collective,
to deal with technical questions and so forth. The party
crganization fights for the raising of political consciousness
of Vex, working class and to use the best endeavour of workers
in the fulfillment of these tasks. In same collectives the
difference between managing the enterprise and the ownership
of the enter:rise as a national pro-erty. To discuss various
problems of enterprises as well as for managing, a certain
economic knowledge of workers is presumed. The perty oreanization
is entitled here to educate them in the economic and cultural,
sense through syndicate organizations and to assist them in
enabling them for the managing of enterprises, to relieve them
of narrow conceptions of considering the interests of their
collective only through political work, to suppress fastidious
tendencies in relation to the entire community. Constant and
systematic work with the youth is also a task which must never
be forgotten. And in all this the activity of the rarty organiza-
tion is not exausted. How care abeut men is taken, how the
hygienic-technical protection of work is carried Gut and how
the national Troperty is eretected, - and those are also the
questions which the party organizati ns should discuss at their
meetings, drawing from the discussions conclusions for its
work amongst working masses.
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If the party organization perceives in such a way its -
in the first place political tasks - it will never come intc
difficulty to undermine its role and its lacein our working
collectives. On the other-hand, there will-be no more reasons
to rut the problem of relation between party erranizations and
woAcers'? collectives on the agenda, to raise a rreblem,which in
fact, does not exist, because in this respect there is nothing
that is not clear and which eould not be settled.
.(BORBA - 27 March, 1952)
BLESSING .OF 172,THiRS OF DEUCCze.,.CY
De Gasperi admitted in the Senate the day before yesterday
that Trieste events were not the result of the blind movement of
events. He explained that Rome is "very cautious" in organising
disorders.This confession came only 24 hours after the bitter
Be Gasl-eri's protest against our statement that Rome is answerable
for these events. It seems as if the Italian Prime Minister, i'
by his latest statement, wished to underline "the force and the
unanimity " of public opinion in Italy.
But is this not a confession, coming from official circles,
of maintaining cokbactti e with neo-fascist groups which con-
ducted and are still conducting this campaign for the
annexation of Trieste, and not only of Trieste.
About what "unhimity " does it deql? Rome ?assumes an
attitude which is being approved with satisfaction by neo-fascists
and cominforthists. Vidali calls the demonstrators "men of good
willu, and Radio Prague considers their "resentment" as justifiable.
It is just the same as after First WorldATare The Italign
politicians would like to divert the attention from internal
questions, using the Trieste problem. One of thp "fathers" of the
Italian liberalism and democracy, Orlando, the same one who
demanded the border line to be on the Neretva, at Versailles,
sent to the citizens of Trieste this message yesterday: "At
this moment the Trieste is not only a vanguard, but the leader
of Italy which taactesus that history is created by deeds and
not by words".
These."deeds" which in thslItalian language .are,called
Rijeka. Istrie, Dalmatia - that is exectlr why Orlando and the like
left Italy to Mussolini and D'Anunzio!
New expansionism is being blessed by official circles and
cominformists and "fathers of the Italian dPmecracy".
Can Rome after all this reckon that we can count upon i-t8
good Will? -
1POLITIKA. 27-thlIarch 19.52)
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ANY?IER TO THE RUee..NII.N NOTE: AEFUGE.E P.IRMSN V,ERE GRPNTED ASYLUM
The Yugoslav Ministry cf Foreign Affairs has informed the
Runanian Emb'assy in Belgrade that the Yugoslav autho ities have
granted assylum to the five Rumanian airmen who fled to this
country on the 13th of March. In the note which was handed to
the Rumanian Embassy on this occasion it also says that the
Yugoslav government is prepared to accede to the Rumanian request
that the aeroplane in which the airmen escaped to Yugoslavia
should be returned, but only on condition that the Rumanian
government agrees to return the plane belonging to the Yugoslav
Air Force which has been in Rumanian since September 1950.
Comment#
The Yugoslav note to the Rumanian Embassy is the answer
to the note in which the 'Rumanian government requested the
"immediate return" of the airmen who fled from Brasov on the
13th of March and landed on Zemun airfield. In this note, upon
which Politika has already commented on the 22nd of March ,
Bucharest has also requested the return of the Heinkel 111 in
which the airmen escaped.
This Rumanian request was fully in accordance .with the
practice of cominform diplomacy, but, at the same time, it is
without any sort of legai. or moral basis. Because, the Rumanian
authorities know from experience that people do not escape
from Rumania in order to return after a few days. They are
also very easily able to understand -,from the Yugoslav and
foreign press which contains the coideents of the escaped airmen
given at press conferences -that the refugees sought asylum from
the Yugoslav authorities. In accordance with our Constitution,
which envisages the granting of asylum to political refugees,
the airmen are permitted to remain in our country. They fled
from Rumania because they ne longer wanted to endure the terror
in this country. Now, they have a chance to lead an entirely new
life in a free country.
This is the answer to the first Rumanian request.
The return of the Heinkel 111 is al separate consideration.
This is something which has happened before; on the 6th of July
1949 when a Rumanian training plane arrived at Novi Sad. On that
OCCPSiOn we did not wait for the Rumanian note but returned the
plane in accordance with the usual practice in international
relations... ,However when a plane belonging to our air .f :'.rce arrived
in Rumania in 1950, no such reciprocal action was taken. Ind
despite Yugoslav request thet the plane be returned to our country
today, 18 months later the plane is still in Rumania.
PresemAblyeqfter receiving our. note.the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs of the Rumanian government will realis that such
relations cannot exist, whereby one side makes no concessions at
all. Thus when we see our plane back in Yug,slavia, then we
shall be able t) grant their request.
This is the answer te the second request.
(PULITIKA - 28th March, 1952)
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A STRANGE DECISION
Rome newspapers who 23 days before declared themselves
against co-operation with the Allied Administration in Zone A of
the FTT ere.now demanding that negotiations should begin as soon
as possible, not with YuLoslavia but only with Greet Britain
and the USA.
The latest tone of the Italian press has its justification.
Yesterday's.decision by the Allied Military rio-ernment that
Municipal Elections in Trieste should be harthouised with those in
Italy, which means a step back fromthatiAhichwas arrivedat last ycarlc
that the Italian electoral system should not be applied, because
it is unjust, For this very reason annexationists demanded last
year the postponement of the elections, because with the appliance
of the more democratic proportional system they could not get a
majority,
Such elections would also be unjust, because by the decision
of the Allied Administration new settlers from Italy - mostly
Fascist - will be able to partici,Jate in them. But as the '
Italian system of "linked-up lists" has now been accepted, it is
not strange that Rome's attitude in regard to the elections has
again changed and because today recognisance is given to the
Allied Administration for concessions to Irredentists. If the
"linked-up list" wins, which will encmilla .q the enemies of all hues
for a dalocratic'solution of theTrieste prob1e04 it-gets
automatically,2/3 of the seatssiiantn. Municipal Council, Even if
the list dijet tot gett50% of the vtt0(? at the elections.
This 'is, all the more strange because it is in disharmony with
other declarations of the Allied Administration, because it is
quite well known who will be "linked-up" by one list, end who,
therefore will dispose of a majority in the future council..
De Gasperi himself? in July of last year, appealed to all Italian
nationalists in Trieste to unite "in defencd. of Italianism."
This new measure makes us more distant end does not approach
an atmosphere in which.the Trieste problem could be solved in a
democratic way., for the benefit of the real major:"-7 of the popu-
lation of Trieste and its surrounding districts,
(Sd.) J.G.
(POLITIKA - 28th March, 1952).
ON THE OCCASION OF THE RESOLUTION OF THE .ORLD MOSLEM .CONFERENCE
Ig-RARACHI: .MOSLEMS IN NEWYU6OSLAVIA LIVE IN CaiPLETE FREEDOM
AND WITH FULL RIGHTS SAYS THE CnIEF 1OSLEM IN YUGOSLAVIA
(Sarajevo, 27th.March)
Reis-ul-uleme - Hadji Ibrahim Fejic,Afead of the Moslem
Religious Community in Yugoslavia, made .a statement..to the editor
of Oslobodjenje?in,eonnection with the recently held World
Moslem Conference in Karachi, in Pakistan, where a resolution was
passed in whichare presented arbitrary and untrue statements
concerning the position of Moslems in Yugoslavia.
Referring to his former statement in connection with last
year's World Conference in Karachi, the Reis-ul-uleme said the
following: "The Wbrld Conference of Moslems in Karachi has again
expressed in its resolution ',worry because of conditions under ,
which Moslems live in the Balkans and particularly in Yugoslavia".
As the Religious Head of the Moslems in Yugoslavia and as a citizen
of my independent fatherland it is my duty to say something about
this matter once more, even on broad lines
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I consider that the Moslems in Yugoslavia will be able to
console the participators of the Conference in Karachi, if they
inform them that their "worry" because of the position of Moslems
in Yuaoslavia is out of place and based on mis-information, because
Moslems of new Yugoslavia live and act in full and true fteedom and
equality which they have never enjoyed before in the past."
Further the Reis-ul-uleme said that the Yugoslav Moslems did
not get an invitation for the Karachi Conference, but that the
organisers of the conference sent invitations to renegades and
traitors of Yugoslavia, war criminals, who succeeded after the
war in escaping to some Moslem countries. Those 200,000 Moslems)
which the resolution says were killed in Yugoslavia during World
War II are in fact the victims of these war criminals and occupiers
and collaborators who had- been invited to this conference so that
their word might be heard instead of the word of Moslem represen-
tatives in Yugoslavia.
It is interesting.that the Conference in Karachi did not
mention at all the persecution of Moslems in the Soviet Union, but
a separate resolution was passed concerning the su)posed persecu-
tion of Moslems in Yugoslavia, In connection with this the
Reis-ul-uleme said:
"Our suspicions an to the sincerity of the "worry" of the
participators of this conference for Moslems in Yugoslavia are
strengthened by the fact that at this conference the terrible
persecutions of the Moslem peoples in the Soviet Union were not
mentioned at all, whose number surpasses 30 million inhabitants.
Over there, before the face of the whole world, whole nations of
the Moslem religion are being annihilated by deportation from their
great-grandfathers' hearths into unknown rePlons from where
nothing can be learned about their fete." Further, the Reis-ul-
uleme said:
"This time I must particularly point out the equality of
the Moslems with other brother-citizens of other relia;ions.
This equality of Moslems in YutoslaN,ia is guarenteed not only by
the Constitution and other state laws but it exists really in
practice in all sectors of life. het is more, according to the
provisions of the new Criminal Law in Yugoslavia everybody will
be called .to book who would deprive a citizen of a right because
of his relician or nationality and also the one who, because of
religion or national reasons gives advantages to somebody who
legally has no right to them. I also know that everyone is
severely punished who might try by propaganda or in any other way
to incite religious or national hate amongst the peoples who
live in the FPRY.
On the basis only of these few facts everyone can see
clearly that Moslems in new Yuoslavia partici)ate with their
fellow-citizens of other religions on an absolutely equal basis
in the economic and political life of the country, in state
administration, in judicature, in executive organs, in education,
in Workers' Councils for managing economic enterprises, in the
co-operative movement."
(POLITIKA - 28th Merch, 1952).
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ONO
FRUITS OF HARD LABOUR
After the conscious tightening of belts and many self denials so
that eventually we should have everything, the time has come to gather
the fruits of many years' efforts.
Two now hydro-electric power plants--Ozalj and Sapuncica; the former
on the clear Kura River in Croatia and the latter on the mountain
torrent in Macedonia. These power plants are not big. Compared to
the Vinodol, Jablanical Zvernik, Vlasina and others, these two plants
fall into a smaller class. Both of these plants will produce over
10 million kilowatt hours of electrical energy annually, which will
replace the work of 40. thousand men.
These are the first of seven plants which will be rut into operation
this year. In about a month the first aggregate in Vinodol will start
operating, and it alone will produce 50 million KWH.of energy annually
(all three aggregates will produce 230 million), the first aggregate of
the Banovica thermo-electric plant will produce 12 million KWH and the
Slap Zeta plant in Montenegro will produce about 6 million KWH of
energy annually. This means that from April our economy will be getting
an additional 68 million KWH of electrical energy annually. This
energy could replace the work of 250 thousand men.
The equipment for all of these hydro-electric powerplants, with
the exception of Vinodol, was produced locally. This is a real triumph
of our people in the struggle against the economic backwardness of our
country; for strengthening economic and national independence. This
triumph was achieved moreso by sweat and labour, love and enthusiasm
rather than by technical moans and experiences.
The other countries of Europe have industries that were put up in
the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, whereas Yugoslavia started
with so-called bare hands.
Alth)ugh we are very rich in natural possibilities, in 1939 the
number of KWH per person amounted to 71; in France it was 480, in Italy
400, in Eno'land 570, in Austria 400, in Switzerland 1680 and in
Norway 340 etc.
This data clearly illustratesthe econmic backwardness )f Yugo-
slavia and the amount of effort our reople are rutting forth to elimin-
ate this backwardness.
The new hydro-electric plants are elevating the economic potenti-
ality of the entire country and specifically in the backward republics.
In 1939 when the average amount of electricity for the populace in
Yugoslavia amounted to 71 KWH, in YJnteneq,ro it only amounted to 29
and in Macedonia to 60. The thirty-two electric power plants which
are under construction represent a basic change of this fact. That is
why the tempo of )ur electrification rrogram is much fester than in the
other European Countries, even though we are still behind them in this
respect.
When all the power plants which are under construction are put into
operation, then the number of KWH per person in Yugoslavia will amount
to 290 annually. But this demands enormous efforts fr,m the entire
country. During this and the coming year all of the rower plants will
begin production.
(BORBA - 24th March, 1952).
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STATEMENT BY MIHA MARINKO,PRESIDENT OF THE PR SLOVENIA: TRIESTE IS
ONLY AN EXCUSE FOR ITALY TO CONCEAL INTE,tN,I, DIFFICULTIES: THE
INCITEMENT OF WILD IRREDENTISM LEADS TO FRESH OUTBREAKS OF FASCISM
AS A DOMINANT FORCE IN ITALY
Answering few questions to the corresrondent of Ljubljanski
Dnevnik, before leavinct. for the session of the National Assembly of
the FPHY, the President of the Government of Ph Slovenia, Miha
Marinko, among other things spoke about the question of the irredentist
campaign in Italy and Trieste. In connection with this the Prime
Minister Of Slovenia said:
"Owing to the hysterical Italian fro-fascist irredenta, we
are still further from a wise solution of the, Trieste question.
I do ' not wish to -give some 4eCial statement, because this
question will undoubtedly be discussed at the Federal Assembly
in Belgrade. To us, this campaign which is sta7ed in Italy and
Trieste, is now imposed as a main political question, which
causes a justifiable revolt of the Slovene people and all other
peoples of Yugoslavia. In Italy due to the organizers of this
hysterical and fierce campaign such a situation is created, that
a sober re-)litical conception of the present international situatien
in general cannot come to exPression, and especially a the question
which has to bring tolerable relations between Yugoslavia and Italy.
Trieste &lways is only an qxuae to conceal various
difficulties in Italy, to enable the passing over various actual
problems, which are undoubtedly much greater and much more important
for the Italian neOple.? In Italy today there is no political
factor which would oppose the peneral infuriation of the fierce
irredentism which is obviously and deliberately directed to the
reconstruction of fascism as a predominant force in Italy.
I myself am convinced that there are huge masses in Italy
which do not agree with such policy and which are aware that this
is not in their interest. Nevertheless, the Italian "democracy"
about which De Gasperi and others speak so much and so willingly,
is so strange that it completely disenables the voice of the people
to be heard and the real interests which would be useful to the
people of Italy, and at the same time so Useful for the international
relations too";
The Prime Linistdr of PR Slovenia Miha Marinko then stated
that the provisions of the Peace Treaty with Italy in connection
with democracy and the protection of national minorities are not
applied, but even ridiculed, while at the same time a hysterical
campaign is conducted against all that is Slovene.
Cominformists and fascists found themselves in such irredentist
positions on the same line. Concluding his statement Miha Marinko
stated that such attitude assumed in Italy and Trieste is still
further away from the solution of this prcblem between Yugoslavia
and Italy.
Rovelt of the democratic population of Trieste
The communique of the Allied Military Government that the
municipal elections in the Anglo-American Zone of FTT will be held
simultaneously with the elections in Middle and Southern Italy and
that they will be carried out under the Italian electoral law
caused greet dissatisfaction among the democratic population in
Trieste. It is emphasized in the circles of democratic population
that this decision of the Allied Military Government clearly shows
favouritism of Italian irredentist and fqscists to the cest of the
democratic population of Trieste. The Slovene Committee for the
Defence of FTT sent last night to the Security Council of the
United Nations a telegram in which it is said: "We protest against
the application of the Italiin majority electoral law introduced
by the Allied Military Government in the Free Territory of Trieste,
which violates the proportional system provided by the Peace
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25
with Italy and which is directed against vital interests and rights
of the blovene and Create population. We are demanding protection
and the elections under proportional system".
Primorski Dnevnik in connection with this writes that the
Italian electoral law which is to be applied in municipal elections
in Trieste does not only mean violation of the democratic principles
of the general electoral rights, but the violation of rights and
tendencies of the population of all municipalities of the Zone "A"
of FTT. This law does not mean only the distortion of the true
picture of demands of Trieste population in regard to independence
of Trieste. This law is directed in the first place against the
Slovenes because it will make impossible the proportional represent-
ation of the Slovene population. This is why this law means to
the Slovenes a new approval of another politicallly discriminatirnal
measure. Favouring the irredentists does not mean anything else
than supporting fascism. In regard to all this the Slovene and
the cntire democratic population demands that the Allied Military
Govevnment calls elections on the ground of proportional system
and that prior to the electjons in Italy
(Sd.) A.Z.
(POLITIKA - 28th March, 1952)
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?a?
AMERICAN BOOKS PRESENTED TO LJUBLJANA UNIVERSITY
A larger collection of American books was yesterday presented
to Ljubljana University as a gift by the U.S. Government. The books
were handed in by representatives of the American Embassy in Belgrade.
Apart from American representatives Bruce Buttles, John Haggerty
and Dr. Sh.arwood Berg, this ceremony was also attended by the Rector
and professors of Ljubljana University. Mr. Bruce Buttles, the First
Secretary to the Embassy, on this occasion expressed hope that the
books would be useful to professors and studentstand added that it
was a compensation for numerous Slovenes who have now been living
and working in the United States. He especially put an emphasis
on the work of the deceased American writer of Slovene origin
Louis Adamic. On behalf of Ljubljana University, the Rector
Dr. Gorazd Kuselj expressed his gratitude for the gift. Among
other things, Dr. Kuselj stated the following: "In this way we
shall be given another chance to get better acquainted with the
American culture and civilization. Furthermore, this will be a
contribution to the development of friendly relations between
Yugoslavia and the United States?.
This gift comprises over 200 American books including belles?
lettres and books on history, economics and agronomy. There are
numerous very valuable books in this collection some of which have
more than 3,000 pages such as Websterls International Dictionary,
Gassnerls collection of Modern American Drama/ "Growth of the Re?
public of Americau by Morrison and Comnager and others.
(SLOVENSKI POROCEVALEC, March 25,1952)
PUBLICATION OF A YUGOSLAV EXPORT ATLAS
Chamber of Commerce of the FPRY recently published a map of
Yugoslavia entitled "Yugoslav Export Atlas" giving a clear picture
of exports of each republic to foreign countries. This map can,
be very useful as well as interesting, being a source of informa?
tion for our export enterprises, syndicate branches and schools.
In addition to this, everybody can see what kind of articles our
country can produce for exports under the conditions of socialist
construction. It is further useful for propaganda in favour of
our exports abroad.
Tourist Bureau in Ljubljana, 12, Miklosiceva Cesta, is in
charge of selling these Atlases at 400 dinars each. Foreign
customers can obtain it by post. We would like to mention that a limi-
ted number of copies was printed.
(SLOVENSKI POROCEVALEC,March 2511952)
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-a-
AMERICAN BOOKS PRESENTED TO LJUBLJANA UNIVERSITY
A larger collection of American books was yesterday presented
to Ljubljana University as a gift by theU.S. Government. The books
were handed in by representatives of the American Embassy in Belgrade.
Apart from American representatives Bruce Buttles, John Haggerty
and Dr. Sh.Prwood Berg, this ceremony was also attended by the Rector
and professors of Ljubljana University. Mr. Bruce Buttles, the First
Secretary to the Embassy, on this occasion expressed hope that the
books would be useful to professors and studentsland added that it
was a compensation for numerous Slovenes who have now been living
and working in the United States. He especially put an emphasis
on the work of the deceased American writer of Slovene origin
Louis Adamic. On behalf of Ljubljana University, the Rector
Dr, Gorazd Kuselj expressed his gratitude for the gift. Among
other things, Dr. Kuselj stated the following; "In this way we
shall be given another chance to get better acquainted with the
American culture and civilization. Furthermore, this will be a
contribution to the development of friendly relations between
Yugoslavia and the United States".
This gift comprises over 200 American books including belles?
lettres and books on history, economics and agronomy. There are
numerous very valuable books in this collection some of which have
more than $,000 pages such as Webster's International Dictionary,
Gassner's collection of Modern American Drama, "Growth of the Re?
public of America" by Morrison and Comnager and others.
(SLOVENSKI POROCEVALEC, March 25,1952)
PUBLICATION OF A YUGOSLAV EXPORT ATLAS
Chamber of Commerce of the FPRY recently published a map of
Yugodhvia entitled "Yugoslav Export Atlas" giving a clear picture
of exports of each republic to foreign countries. This map can.
be very useful as well as interesting, being a source of informa?
tion for our export enterprises, syndicate branches and schools.
In addition to this, everybody can see What kind of articles our
country can produce for exports under the conditions of socialist
construction. It is further useful for propaganda in favour of
our eyports abroad.
Tourist Bureau in Ljubljana, 12, Miklosiceva Cesta, is in
charge of selling these Atlases at 400 dinars each. Foreign
customers can obtain it by post. We would like to mention that a limi-
ted number of copies was printed.
(SLOVENSKI POROCEVALEC,March 25,1952)
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SUMMARY OF THE YUGOSLAV PRESS
?
25X1C
25X1C
No.741
XNDEX
P.1. Headlines of Politika of the 14th March
P.2. Headlines of Politika contindued
14th March, 1952,
FROM BORBA JF THE 11TH MARCH
P.11. World Federation of War Veterans will investigate trial at
Lucca
P.15. The practice of Local Party Organisations: experiences of
CoMMuniP:t work 141 District of Jastrebarsko
FROM REPUBLIKA OF THE 11TH MLRCH
P.6., In connection with the elections of the PF authorities
(Editorial)
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 12TH MARCH
P.8. Milos Stematovic gives interview to Politika concerning the
adoption of the dinar as a means of payment in the Yugoslav
Zone of Trieste
FR,JM BORBA OF THE 13TH MARCH
P.3. Further develo)ment of democracy in the work of Party
organisations: regar(Ang open Party meetings
P.10. Bibliography: new number of periodical Party Develooment,
official vehicle of the CC CPI., for questions of party
orranisation
P.11. Trial of journalist Dusan Dragovic continues
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 13TH MARCH
Additional tariff for transport of goods on railways and
rivers
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 14TH
P,.12. Irredentist activity can only succeed in worsening Yugoslav-
Italian relations
Fierce reaction of Irredentist press to interview given to
Politika by Milos Stamatovic
13,413. Rademacher will be sentenced on Monday
Swiss writer's series of articles on Yugoslavia
P.14, Marshal Tito receives Paul Ginsberg
Mr.Ginsberg holds a press conference
P.18. Six Rumanian soldiers escape to Yuposlavia by plane
*
SUPPLEMENT OF. TRANSLATIONS FROM THE PROVINCIAL PRESS
FROM NOVA MAKEDONIJA OF THE 11TH MARCH
P,a. Strugrle against superstition and religious ?reludices:
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1 -
HEADLINES POLITIKA 14th March, 1952.
P.1, Far East: International Red Cross prepare to examine plague
epidemic in Korea (AFP, Geneva)
* Japan acknowledges sovereignty of Kuomintang o)-p, Formosa
French troops in Indo-China will hold Red River Delta
Wafdist Party opposes Hilali Pasha:
Traffic interrupted on Suez Canal
6 RUMANIAN SOLDIERS ESCAPE BY AEROPLANE TO YUGOSLAVIA
MARSHi,L TITO RECEIVES ?AUL GINSBERG:
GINSBERG HOLDS PRESS CONFERENCE
Following vote of confidence in French Parliament: unity of
de Gaulle's movement shaken (Article by B.Dreskovic)
Meeting of Executive COmmittee of Labour ?arty runs its
courSe in a "peaceful atmosphere"
West German forces will be under the command of General
Eisenhower
P.2. Debate in the US Senate: Truman asks Congress for nlOre-than
7 billion dollars for military aid abroad
FTT: IRREDENTIST ACTIVITY CAN ONLY SUCCEED IN ORSENING
YUGOELAV-ITALIAN RELATIONS 1NRITES PRIi,ORSKI DNEVNIK
Western Powers' Note to Soviet Union on aims of Austrian
Peace Treaty
RADEMACHER TO BE SENTENCED-ON-MONDAY'
$Mr.Djermenovic, Yugoslav Ambassador in Canada, presents his
credentials in Ottawa
BELGIAN DELEGATE TO ZAGREB PEACE CONFERENCE LECTURES ON
YUGOSLAVIA
THE EDUCATION AND AND AMUSEMENTS:OF OUR YOUNG PEOPLE:
PARENTS AND CHILDREN (Unsigned editorial)
The collective at Kreka - best mining co-operative in B & H in
the month of February
P.3. 'SESSION OF COUNCIL FOR LEGISLATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT 6'
..PEOPI4a.AUTHORITIES OF THE GOVERNMENT-0FL THE FPRY -
purposes discussed of decrees concerning the organisation of
People's Committees and on the new payments svqtem: Edvard
Kardelj presides:
Aim of regulation on payments and functions of
Civil Servants
Aims of regulations on the organisation of service
agencies and the rights of material security of people
outside syndicates
Young people's activities this year: more than 92,000 young
people from all parts of the country will take part in
achieving important objectives
MAURICE,CERMATESWISS WRITER - HAS 16RITTEN h SERIES OF
ARTICLES ON YUGOSLAVIA
*
CAle'recoixilki4fiei(462,64-4g06-4r6;i24140eiv,igoit2h0e00.14)-16. Serbia
? P.3..
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ii-PES3rNFERENCE ON THE REORGANISATION OF PEOPLES' AUTHORITIES
World Feder'atin of War Veterans and CARE organisation will
- give us help towards the physical rehabilitation of our
disabled men
_*
P.4. DiEXIC::.N AMBASSADOR IN. YUGOSLAVIA VISITS COUNCIL FOR EDUCATION
AND CULTURE
P.5. Student murderer sentenced to 13 years hara labour
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FURTHM DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRACY IN THE nRK OF PARTY ORGANISATIONS
Regarding 'Open Party Meetings)
Of late, and particularly since November and December of this past
year, an increasing number of basic Party organisations have been
holding open Party meetings. There have been several town and district
conferences attended also by nonParty members. In order that a large
number of citizens can follow the course of these conferences and the
elaborations of the leaders of Party committees and of the participants
in the discussion, both Party and nonParty members, in many places
loud-speaker systems have been installed (in Split, Smederevo, Vladen-
ovac, Island of Hvar, etc.). Thus the Communists and nonParty members
have jointly discussed the most important questions of their work, the
question of how to carry out the various tasks of socialist buildup,
the question of improving he ideological-political and cultural-
educational work in towns or districts, in villages or enterprises.
They, have discussed all these questions together, which means that
Communists--members of the Party--have not had and do not have to
decide some of "their" particular questions they, as these meetings
best show, are not avoiding control by the masses and have nothing
which should be concealed from the people. -
Well prepared open Party meetings have everywhere aroused great
interest among the nonParty members. This is seen not only from the
large attendance at such meetings but still more by the numerous and
reasonable proposals given by them, by the way they have properly
criticised the weanesses in the work of individual Party organisations
which they succeeded in detecting.
? The open Party meetings are neither a new nor an unusual occurrence
in our Party life. The need of their organisation stems from the fact
that the Party is by thousands of fibres knitted to the masses; in order
that it can successfully work and lead, that it can carry out its
revolutionary task, it must be among the popular masses and its members
must rally men around them in order to ideologically and politically
educate them and mobilise them for 'th'e carrying-but of the program of
the Party, for the building-up of a socialist society. One of the ways
to achieve this is through' open Party meetings. &.t an open Party
meeting the nonFarty members learn still more about what the Communists
are solving; in fact they are solving things together; they see that
the Party members are discussinz and endeavourinz to find the best solu-
tions for questions which are or vital interest ror our working men and
for the building of a better and happier future for them. This is the
motivating force which makes the nonParty members help their Party, to
help in the discussions and to make proposals, to make justifiable
criticisms and to endeavour to contribute towards ?the removal of weak-
nesses. All this shows how much our men are interested in the work' of
the Communists and of the entire Party organisation.
Those meetings which deal with the work of individual hostile
elements in the Party always make a strong impression on nonParty
members. The nonParty members on their part have, as has been the
case in some Party organisation in Belgrade, helped a lot in uncovering
such elements and in throwing them out of the ranks of the Party.
The open Party meetings have helped the basic Party organisations
a great deal to know men better and to check and to see how much the
individual nonParty members are indeed sincerely interested in the
solving of the most basic questions of work of their respective working
collective, their village, their town or. their district. And how much
they have at heart the interests of the entire community. It would not
be an overstatement to say that such meetings have in a way freed a
considerable number of Party organisations from .a certain amount of
secretive-and-closed character; these Party organisations have more
boldly opened their doors to many of the workers who by their entire
work and attitude have deserved to bear the honourable name of a member
of CPY. More or less all the reports from various open Party meetings
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For example, there have been such organisations which have simply
considered that they do not have men whom they could e.imit to the Party.
This has been proved incorrect at precisely the open Party meetings.
Such has been the case.in-the "Kozarae' enterprise in Osijek where at
the first open Party meeting, which was attended by over 130 nonParty
members, a large number of the ,best workers were admitted into the CPY.
There has been a,similar situation in the Ogulin and a large number of
other districts where open Party meetings have helped a lot towards
speedier and quicker enlargement of membership of the Party, etc. In
the majority of cases how the nonFarty members themselves have Viewed
the question of admission of new members to the CPY and how they have
often considered this to be a serious weakness of individual Party
organisations and have therefore criticised them can best be seen from
the words of the worker-nonParty member Ilija Ilijevski said at the
open meeting of the Party organisation in the building enterprise
"Pelagonija" in Bitolj. In 1951 this enterprise fulfilled its plan
to 120 percent and in the course of the year proclaimed 250 of its
workers as shock-workers; a large number of these were proclaimed shock-
workers several times. Nevertheless, during last year only one worker
was admitted to the Party: "This shows", reasoned Ilija Ilijevski,
"that in our enterprise there have been men Who were worthy to bear the
name of Party member but there was no initiative on the part of the Party
organisation."
It has not been long since open meetings and Party conferences
have begun to be held on a larger scale than before. However, this doe.s
not mean that the Party leaderships cannot even at this stage gain
certain experiences of which there have been plenty even during this
short period and which will be precious for future work. Because,
naturally, we have not yet achieved everything that can be achieved by
these open Party meetings nor have the meetings P4ven all that is
expected of them. The majority of the Party organisations has held
only fPw of such meetings'; there still exist in that respect the lack
of necessary experiences, particularly in connection with preparing -
the meetings, in connection with making efforts that the nonParty
members be interested in the me:tings, etc.
Although the open Party meetings have hitherto yielded very good
results, we must point out certain weaknesses in their organisation.
In the first place, some of the Party organisations are still resisting
the holding of open Party meetings. Almost as a rule this is the case
with those Party organisations which have poorly worked and which
therefore are afraid of the control by the. masses f.t they have very poor
results of work to show the masses. Even if they do hold. such open
meetings, they generally endeavour to see to it--although they do not
publicly manifest it--that a small number of nonParty members attend
them. There have been such occurrences in some of the organisations
in the region of Tuzla, At some of the meetings of the basic Party
organisations in the district of Krupanj, only 5 to 6 nonParty members
were present.
In some places these meetings-have had the character, of a mani-
festation rather than work, so that at them more was said about every-
thing else than that which interested men (political and other current
problems, solving of socialproLlems). There have been such occurrences
in the Kptor and.HercOg Novi districts in the Republic of Djontonegrop
at some of the open Tarty meetings held in the Kosoiro-retohija region,
etc. The basic Party organisation in the village of Kopljare in the
district of Orasac instead of discussing the problems of the agricultural
and peasant working cooperatives, of which thc-e are many in that
district, and about which the peasants themselves are discussing, pre-
pared an open meeting to deal Only with the question of electrification
of the village, considering that that was.the most attractive subject
for the nonParty masses although the organisation itself was not quite
sure that it would be able to see to it that the decisions of the
meeting be carried out.
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At some of the open Party meetings the most discussed subject has
been how to.mobilise workers for the carrying-out of the planned tasks,
as well as talk on other similar questions, so that meetings have
resembled those of labour syndicates. In some of the weaker village
organisations in Yontenegro, the open Party meetings have resembled
village social gatherings.
These meetings in some places have resembled a manifestation by
the fact that at them a large number of people all at once became
members of the Party.' At the Secondary School in Titograd 27 new
members were admitted to the Party at an open Party meeting, while at
a similar meeting held in the Secondary School at Plejevel 22 new
members were admitted. There is no doubt that these organisations
considered well the question of whether those ccmrades deserved to be-
come members of the Party and then made the proper decision. But such
work on their part, nevertheless, showed that they should not wait
with the question of admitting new members from one to another such
meeting, but should rather do this regularly always bearing in mind the
fact that admission of new members must not be understood to be part of
a campaign.
A detailed analyses of the experiences gained to date by these open
Party meetings would, without doubt, reveal other difficulties also.
The entire future development of our Party and the entire future devel-
opment of Party democracy in fact require that such weaknesses and
shortcomings be discovered and removed and that in that way-help be
given to Party organisations to make the best use of such meetings and
to organise them in the best way.
It is not at all accidental that now open Party meetings are being
held more boldly and that this will be done more boldly yet in the
future. Our Party organisations should not run away from the control
of the masses; on the contrary, they should seek this cantrol because
in this way they will more easily and in a better way carry out their
basic tasks. When it goes to an open Party meeting, the Party organi-
sation feels more responsible to tie people, and this forces it to
pay.more serious attention to the question of the reeults which it is
taxing to tile meeting at the masses. in .preparing tne open Party
meetings, every organisation will have to keep in mind the fact that it
has to face the nonParty members at the meeting who are following its
work. The Party organisation will certainly have to consider the
fa ct that its reputation and the reputation 'of the lending men in it
depends'upon the results and politiCal and social problems with which it
will appear before the nonParty members.
The more public the work of the Part is, the smaller is the danger
of bureaucratic tendencies and practice; the more public its work is,
the better it is because in such a way the Party organisation is under
the permanent control of the working masses which it leads.- These are
facts which our Party organisations must always keep in mind whenever
it is a question of need of holding open Party meetings: these are facts
of which hey must think when preparing and holding open Party meetings.
(BORBA - 13th March, 1952)
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IN ;NECTION i.ITH THE 14cTIgN5 Pat PF 0 GANS
;
The elections for the organs of the pF ire taking place at a
time whin s of particular Lmportance in the-- eleiopment of the
building of our socialist society in our covntr71 It is a
question of the Stage in this develoement, which has: begun by the
passing of the basic law concerning the manaement of state
econemic enterprises end hicher'ecmomic asEociations by working
collectives on 27th June, 19509 by which, we all know_ the
management ,of all state ec-m-mic enterprises was taken over by
workine collectives while the state organs in regard to the enter-
priseheve kept their elanning, regulating and
contriilline functions. This process has been continued by a number
of laws and regulations which were ,eassed during 1950 end 1951.
The reorganisation of the Federal Government was executed FS well
as the reorganisation of the Republican Governments by which a
great number of affairs and institutions were taken over from
Federal oren6 to the competence of republican and local ones.
These revoluti 'nary changes in state administration 2nd in the changes
in the system and mane 'ement of economy conditione, also the
passing of new econ-mic laws concerning planned management of
national economy, concerning budgets and social contribution and
taxes. The draft of the law by which will be executed the
reorganisation of the People's Committees has been wtelared.
and will correspond to our? social-economic and political
development. The legalisation of the Social elan of the ?FPHY and
that of the Federal Budget is near at hand. The vital 1, ,e
characteristic of all these changes, as well es the essence of the
passed laws and these which are being pre,ared is 't the
further democratisation of our social-economic and eolitical
life
?
In other words a new practice is created in which are
expressed the ri,hts and duties of the citizens, their ever-
growing direct particijatim in authority and'ecenomy,,their
control over the organs of public functions, their self-,L,overnmenta
k shortest examination of -these c_litents marks.clerrlY the
prospects of this development. *
While in the planned management of ecen my 'in practice
hitherto, plans were made mainly from abevel and co-operation
with the enterprises was left only in elaborating.opetative plans,
in the new system on the contrary, the.econ mic organisations)
eoenomic associations and other .preucers plan and act inde-pen-
dently, keeping only to the basic proportions of social len.
Under the conditions of,dictatee basic".:plans,.'ae-it was formerly,
the Workers' Councils could -not 'develop their intiative either in .
the management of general state property er in the management of
production. Contrary to this, under conditions of independent
and indeend(at ly changeable plans and ec-n'mic 'operations in
broad er000rtions of social plans, their initiaitire must logically,
get a fi11 expression. Thus the lictate of plannin,T from above
i's definitely and basically eliminated and this means the bureau-
cratisation of economy also, ,but a natural activity of the law or
value is upressed as well as anarchy in social production and
distribution.
Ulen one has in mind that the question of the surplus of
work and its distribution represents the basis of scientific
socialism then it is clear that in it is contained the socialist
essence of our new system as well as the true value of socialist
democracy. On the solution of this question depends if in an
economic-social system exists exploitation of man by man or not.
It is not sufficient that this system resulted from socialist
revolution in order that this exploitation disappears, because
only after the solution of the problem of the surplus of work and
its distribution can one prevent the "new", that is to say,
bureaucratic elements of exploitation. Only after the solution
of th ApphAigicliTg6-%20fiNfilgae:616;4'
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the socialist state,
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which in the present degree of our development is still
un.avoIdably and in a ' defined measure interfering in the
management of economy, becomes the instrument of the workers
themselves in order to satisfy necessarily from 4-1_-_e surplus of
work general namely; state needs such as the support of the
state administration, defensive forces as well as cultural,
educational and social objectives of the whole social community.
It is comprehensible that this new system of management of
national economy '' is not an objective in itself and that
it cannot of course be realised and developed by itself accord-
ing to some of its internal mechanical forces. It is the
question of a system of life of men and their relations in the
social community, It is the question of political and economic
essence of this life, it is the question of their vital inter-
ests. It is the question of a social and state community, their
freedom and independence, their common better future. Only the
political consciousness of the citizens cannot fulfill the true
essence and idea of socialist democracy, to give it an active
force and to realise organisational forms of common activities
by the help of which will be carried out the principles on which
it rests, The PF of Yugoslavia is the bearer of the new
form of political life in our country. Millions of people,
assembled in this public political organisation, tempered in
political struggle, before, during and after the war, represent
a live force for the building of socialist society in "nr
country. The election of organs of the PF aref therefore,.
amongst the most important factors of our general social-
economic development, because they have to engage the best
amongst them who will consciously and persistently execute
the rights and tasks which our socialist order guarantees them
and to represent in a worthy manner the yearnings and interests
of our working people,
(Sd.) S.
(REPUBLIKA 11th March, 1952).
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MI LOS
e
71'1 'DJ- 6
4
ST AltlATOVIC er30_LIT
Tit,-7: 0 7a:14 F H
RURESENTATIVE
YUGOSL ZO T OF R LDM
-0-137771.T7
(Capodistria, 11th March)
In connection with the decree of the Lilitery Government of
the Yugoslav Army, according to which the dinar will be-he only legal_
tender in the Yugoslav Zone of the FTT, pPolitika's correspondent
in Capodisttia requested the Commander of the Military Government
to answer a number of questions. The Commander of the Military
Government, Colonel Stamatovic, gave the following answers to
questions posed by Our correseondent:
Question:. By which motives was the Yugoslav'Military Government
inspired to issue a decree according to which the diner is -
sole legal tender in the Yugoslav Zone of the FTT?
fnswer: As it is known, the Lilitary Government of the Yugoslav
Zone of the FTT introduced in this zone the dinar as
legal tender as far back aa July 1949, because the Italian
Government did not give exchange for the whole FTT as provided by
the,Peace Treaty.
The Yugoslav Government, as fer be.4 PS 1,949, gave aoloan
to the Lilitary Government to thewmount,of 500 million diners
and from this date conditions were creeted.thethe diner becomes
the circulation and legal tender in 'the'YteeSlav-Zone.ofothe FTT.
One could obtain the lire H only foreconomic needs by ways of
clearing from the goods exchanged with the Angle-imerican Zone of
the FTT, so it is absolutely evident thatetheSe Means were.
restricted and insufficient for the no Wrial functioning of
economic life in the'Yugoslav Zone of the FTT. After the intro-
duction of the dinar, theelire in ,Zone B was used for economic
speculation and smuggling, for decreasing the value of the dinar
and to disturb the stabilityof.economy, as well as for financing
undergrourid? activities on this territory. By the decree which
was issued by the Military Government 14,1 February 1952, out of
reasons of economic stability, the tolerance of such a state of
affairs was cut short and the dinar has been proclaimed as the
only legal tender in the Yugoslav Zone of the FTT.. All other
exchanes cm be broveht in freely into the 7one end can be :,(J
made use or oy changing tftem into dinars at tno bank.
With these measures the lire has not been brought into a
wrong position with regard to other exchanges nor are the inter-
ests of the population of Zone B and Zone A of the FTT damaged,
but only smugglers, speculators and those who occupy themselves
with problematic activities on this territory have been hit.
Inhabitants from Zone B who are employed in Trieste can bring
beck lire earned there e ? 1 . and change them for
.:linars, because the parity of the diner in regard to the lire is
favourable if one takes into account the total relation of prices
and services which compose the stPndPrd of living in one and the
other zone. The inhabitents of Zone A of the FTT can freely
introduce lire into Zone B and use them (after exchanging them
for dinars) and the unspent lire they can take back. By the
above provisions greater facilities have been given than before-
hand in carrying over goods for personal use.
From the above facts one can see that this latest decision
of the Lilitary Government is economically ilistified, conditioned
and necessary for the purpose of protecting the interests of the
inhabitants of Zone B of the FTT.,
Question: How will this measure reflect ueon the economic
situation of the Yugoslav Zone of the FTT?
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Answer: As we have already emphasised, this measure was taken
for economic reasons end no doubt it will reflect positively on
the stabilisation of economic conditions on this territory.
B Jos atirr 'n-es t1-1 People/s Authorities are intro-
a ThLrtJr-Y7-)rell the introduction of the dinar as the
sole afw-L tender -45.J1 help in stabilising the value of the diner
. and st.cenhen its purchasing power of the inhabitants and .
will s,u)press 'salvgling and speculation and disparity exchange in
favour of ;--Tculators wh3ch is to the de_rr Torking
people and will introduce order in exchange activitieJ.
Question: Is the latest decrease in prices of certain articles
connected with this decree?
Answer: The further decrease in prices of food articles and
industrial goods which waS carried out at the beginning of March
of this year was not?connected with the issue of.this deCree. The
new decrease of prices was made possible by the care' andhelp of
the FPRY Government by the inhabitants of this territory and it
will positively reflect on the -standard of the pop-tion and on
purchase power, and at the same time on the parity of the dinar.
Question: What do you think about the campaign led by a part of
the Trieste press in connection with this decree of the Yugoslav
Military. Government?'
Answer: A number of Trieste papers have for year been leading a
systematic and daily campaign against all measures whicl:.1 are" .
carried out in the Yuypsilv 7,6)ne of the FTT and aga:cPt Yugoslavia.
In this campaign they,)11;en do not take into ,l(oont'facts
and reputation of the pross 1:irt systematically sbn and Poison
atmosphere and spread callwindsm.2and so attack .e-(::,-T4Nea-su.i..e in
Zone B of the FTT howevr useful it may? be for the
The latest campaign in the press against the above-mentioned
measures of the,Yugosla-r Government is only a continuation of the?
systematic campaign of 1:re and. it serves no purpose whatso-
QVOI' tUL 071)()06.0n4.y fcic of. t-,hr:r2e who tendentiously and
in 0. wl'oz coMmen,, u,In measures.wh ch
have been Laken in the interests of the pcople.
- (301.) 1ZOBEZ
-(PQIITIKA 12th March 1952).
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BIBLIOGRAPHY: NEW NUMBER OF THE PERIODICAL "PARTY_ DEVELOPMENT"
OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE CC CPY"I$OR QUESTIONS OF PARTY ORGANISATION
IV new number of the periodical Party Development , official
organ,Of'the CC CPY for questions of Party organisation, has been
issued. '
In this number Part Develoment iszneamiscellaneous_material
from the work of our Party. t publishes a speech by comrade AleksanderRankovIc - at the Fourth Conference of the Party Organisation of
UDBA for Yugoslavia, then an article by comrade Dusan Petrovic on some
problems in the work of basic Party organisatiens, an article by
Moma Markovic on executing the Instructions of CC CPY concerning
further methods of socialist conversion of villages, a report by
comrade Ljubica Stanimirovic on ideological-political raising of
Party members, an article by Zarija Skerovic on reorganisaticn of
the People's Youth in the Yugcslav People's Army and other.
Comrade Dusan Petrovic in his article deals with the place
and role of the basic Party organisations in introducing various
measures of the further development of our socialist democracy. The
importance of developing the Party life, independence and initiative
of the Party organisation are especially emphasized.
The article by comrade Momp Markovic lays special emphasis
on the significarce of developing the activities of agricultural co-
operatives for the further socialist conversion of villages; At the
same time, it point:3 out certain negative manifestations in Party
organisations and peasant working co-operatives in regard to the
execution of the new organisation of work - (introduction of economic
accounting, ), as well as certain erroneous tendencies in creating
groups under the district party committees, whose task is to be as
as possible in helping, basic party organizations in
villages.
In the article on problems of raising the ideological level,
certain negative appearances were pointed out and the neglecting of
this work in some basic party organizations and the conception that
ideological work is a matter of individual concern and not of the basic
party organization as a whole,has been critisized. The ideological-
educational work and the constant fight to creat the character cf a
communist - those are the tasks of primary imnortance, which the basic
party organizations must never neglect. The article treats many positiv(
experiences of some party organziations in this respect.
In addition to the Instructions of the CC CPY on further
methods of socialist conversion of villages and the Letter on the
condition and tasks in physical education, the Party Development
publishes a Letter of the CC CP of Slovenia on political work in party
organizations in this Republic, beceuse it is important not only for
the organizations of CP in Slovenia but for party organizations in all
parts of our country. This number publishes the conclusions of the
Plenum of Town Committee of CP of Bosnia and derzegovina for Sarajevo
on the relationsof p-rty organizations with the working councils.
This issue of Pfirtv Development describes the first experience
which th- rarr,7; o2tylnIzat1ons .Ln ccrtPin districts gained in executing
the Instruction of the CC CPY on further metheds of sccialist conversior
in villages.
In a new column "From the History ef the Communist Party of-
Yugoslavin, the periodical will publish reports and original documents
from the life and work of our party from th illeval period of its
strugoae as well as material from the time of the National Liberation
War. The study of these materials will serve to give Party members
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lessons on experiences and examples of the revolutionary
strurrle of their party. The life of Djura Djakovic, the Secretary
General of the Central Committee of CPY, a rre,t, revoluticnarY
and a strict Proletarian firhter who from his early days until his
death (the police of the rerime has cowardly murdered him on April
25, 1929) was completely devoted to the strurrle of the workin-
clPss.
(Sd.) M.G.
(BORBA -13 March,. 1952)
'ORLD FEDERLTION OF WAR VETERANS ',an EXALINE ,THE CSE OF THE TRIAL
AT LUCCAe ? ,
(Paris, March10 - Tanjw)
A mating of the administr,tive,council of the World Fede-
ration of 'far. Veterans was held on the 8th and 9th of March in
Paris, where beside other thin-s a decision was -eached to send two
dele-ates 3f the Federation tc Ital7 in order to examine the case
of the trial arninct former, Italian partisans at Lucca. The dele-
-tic_?n is assirned the task of visiting the accused and examining
he
c r umstances under which this trial is carried out.
This decision was the result of the tolcrram Which the
Union of Veterans of the l'.ational Liberation War of Yuroslavia sent
to the permanent bureau of the World iederation of War Veterans.
At the same time it was dedided to send immediately the text of the
telerram to the Italian Union of War Veterans askinr it to put at
the disposal of the delcration all necessary proofs end documents
and to assist it to carry out its task. Roie Parmelan and Harrison
Gilbert are the deletes.
(BORBA - 11 March, 1952)
TRIAL OF JOURTIALIST DUSAN DRACOVIC CONTINUES
oe
Before the County Court in Belgrade the trial of Dusan
DraFovic, journalist from Belrrade continued yesterday. Mihajlo
Vukdraa.ovic professor of the Musical Academy charyed?Dra[I-ovip with
his article I'Musical Quadranrle" which appeared lest year in the- -
Ltiajne Informativne Novine.
The followinr witnesses were examined: Milan Slavonski,
rrofossor, Radivoje Djukic, sta,,e manarcr, Branko Drarutinovic,
professor, Kresimir Earanovic, Director of the oel-rade Fhilharmonic
Society, Lilenko Zivanovic, rector of the Musical Academy, Marko.
Tajcevic, professor, i50?dan evejic, musician, Jelena Platic, employee
with the Musical Academy was reexa4ined.
Yesterday's trial brou-ht to a close the testification
procedure, and on Friday the accused, the advocates and the Public
Prosecutor will rive the final pleadinrs.
(BORBA - 13 March, 1952)
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IRRE'EVTIST ,'CTIVITY CAN ONLY SUCCEED IN 'On6ENING YUGaoLAV 1TaLIAN
AFJ,AIDDI\T
(Trieste, ,March-13)
From all Italian politicalparties and different pro fascist
and irredentist organizations a so-called "Committee for the defence
of Italianism of Trieste andaIstriah was formed yesterday in Trieste.
According to the writitgs of the Trieste press, the objective of
the committee is to fight for the carrying out of the tripartite
declaration. Beside this, this committee decided to celebrate on
rarch 20 the fourth anniversary of this declaration. At the same
time the Trieste press publishes a telegram in which Bishop Santin
calls upon the New York Cardinal Spellman to draw the attention of
the American public in regard to the supposed "religious persecution"
in Zone '713".
In connection with this Primorski Dnevnik writes that all these
activities by Italian irredentists have the objective to incite
to violate the solemnly signed international obligation and that this
can only lead up to the further worsening of relations between Yugo-
slavia and Italy. In regard to this latest anti-Yugoslav campaign
continues Primorski Dnevnik, all the inhabitants of Trieste, and
particulrly the Trieste Slovenes, know quite well why the Italian
press in Trieste will not cease with its increased campaign against
the Yugoslav zone of the FTT and Yugoslavia. "e know quite well -e
adds Primorski Dnevnik - why bishop Santin, who during fascism
persecuted Slovene clergymen, has began the offensive and why Vidali
is appealing for the creation of a united front against the Yugoslav
zone of the FTT. Italian imperialism and its advance guard in Trieste,
may it he "national- democratic", fascist of cominformist wish at
any price to prevent the solution of the lrieste problem in the frame-
work of the i'eace Treaty as it was proposed lately by the "ugoslav
government. Therefore they need now a reorganization of the anti
Yuanslav front, this is why they send telegrams, propose common action
prepare to celebrate the anniversary of the tripartite declaration" -
concludes Primorski Dnevnik. (Tanjug)
.(POLITIKA, March 14, 1952)
FIERCE REACTTON 02 THE LaaEDENTIST MESS IN EG!atD TO THE INTERVIETvv
N TOaPOLI
Y COLOR., OVIC
(Trieste, Farch 13)
The statement which the commander of the Lilitary government of
the Yugoslav zone FTT Colonel rilos Stamatovic give to Politika's
correspondent in Caoodistria concerning exchange problems of this
zone, incited, as it was expected, fierce reaction in irredentist
circles. This can be best seen from the writing of the Trieste
afternoon paper Ultime Notizie which pharieaiCally affirms that
Colonel Stamatovic did not say if the Military government demanded,
at all from the Italian government financial needs for Zone "B".
In connection with this'today's issue of the rrimorski Dnevnik
says that Colonel Stamatovic' had no necessity to say this because
all Trieste people know extermely well that the Idlitary government
through the Yugoslav government - and not only once, but twice -
demanded from the Italian government to begin negotiations for an
agreement. The copies of this .corresnondence between the Yugoslav
and Italian government the rilitary government of the Yugoslav zone
of the FTT has sent to the Security Council of the United hations.
"The Trieste irrdentist press writes Primorski Dnevnik - continues
with lies and hiding the truth. It does not dare to say to its readers
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that the acts of the Rome government under De Gasperi are in fact
the real cause for equalizing lire with other foreign exchange in
Zone "B", If the Eilitary government, first by introducing the
dinar as legal tender and later by equalizing lire with foreign
exchnage, has eliminated damaging consequences of Peace Treaty
violation by Italy-, it has done that in the interests of the total,
therefore also in the interests of the Italian population of Zone "B"
concludes. PrimoSski Dnevnilc:
? (Sd.
POLITIKA - 14 Ilarch, 1952)
RADEMP.CHER TqLL, 137, 7,ENTENCED ON liONDAY
(T7171717FT?RTI7ch 13)
At the .trial of Rademacher who is indicted for mass murder of
,3.eWs the defence gave its final word in conncetion with that part
of the' indictment in which Rademacher is accused for the execution
of 1500 Jews from Serbia. The Counsel for Defence of the deffendant
attempted to prove that'it can be seen from the very report by Rade-
macher after his journey to 13elgrade in October 1941that the execu-
tion of the above mentioned 1500 Jews was a fait accompll. HoweVer
the State Prosecitor emphasized that Rademacher's main guilt lies
in the f-ct because he bears the responsibility for the execution
of more than 1000 Jewish men, who were 'still alive when he arrived
in Belgrade.
After the final mord given by Rademacher, the trial was concluded.
The sentence will be pronounced on :onday.
(POLITJKA - 14 March, 1952)
ST'q-S (-)ERIE q 'RTICL2- ON YUGO;LAVIA
The Swiss writer Maurice Cermaten, who spent a considerable time
in our country at the .end of last year as the guest of the Yugoslav
Commission for UNESCO, has published in Gazette de Lausanne a series
of articles on Yugoslavia entitled "Picture of a people who are
fighting for a better future".
A separate article is devoted to the internal organization of
Yugoslavia: this article emphasizes that the political structure of
our country is entirely socialist and that socialism in Yugoslavia
is not a passing phase. Cermaten also emphasizes the enthusiasm of
our young ?peOple for the new state administration.
(POLITIKA Marth 14, 1952)
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ADDITIONAL _TARIFF FCR TRATTSPORT OF GOODS ON RAILWAYS ,ND RIVERS
The President ofethe Council of Transport and Communications
of the FPRY Government issued a Regulation on additional tariffs for
transport of roods on railways and rivers. In addition to the charge
under the re-ular tariffs for transPort'of wheat?barley, rye, wheat
waste, as well as for milling products of these grains, as of 15th
of Taarch an additional amount of 18 dinars will be charred for every
kilogram of gross weight regardless to the distance of transport.
Corn on the cob and rrain,,oats and milling products will be
charged with 15 dinars per kilogram of gross weight regardless to
the distance.
From this additional charge are exempt deliveries of the grain's
fund, i.e. the enterprise dealing with grain, as well as for deliveries
which are handed with the bill of lading having regular seal and
number of the grain fund. Also are exempt export, import and transit
deliveries, import deliveries which are re-dispatched from railway
stations in the country, deliveries which came by lrries or by sea
from foreign countries and those which are handed ftransport for
stations in the country. Then,the deliveries whichcbRported by sea
to foreign countries, as well as deliveries of the Office of state
material reserves or its stores.
(FOLITIKA, March 13,1952)
MARSHAL TITO RECEIVES PAUL GINSBERG
Prime Minister of the Federal Government, Marshal of Yuroslavia
Josip Broz Tito received yesterday at 10 a.m. Mr. and Mrs.Paul
Ginsberg, President of the Jew War Veteran Organisation of U.S.A. and
Vice-President of the Union of American War Disabled Veterans.
(POLITIKA, March 14,1952)
MR.GINSBERG HOLDS A PRESS CONFERENCE
- Talkino; with local and foreign journalists Mr.
Paul Ginsberg said last night that during his sojourn in Yugoslavia
he got the impression that in the inierest of preserving peace and
security in the world, it is necessary to give further economic and
military aid to Yugoslavia. At the press conference held in the Press
Club in Belgrade Mr.Ginsberg laid down the aim of his mission which
consist in acquainting himself with hitherto results in carrying out
the program of aid to free countries which bre fighting for world
peace and against aggression.
On his tour round the world he visited capitals of Far Eastern
countries, South Eastern Asia, India, Pakistan and the Mediterranean
before coming to Belgrade. He underlined that for the preservation
of peace it is necessary that all free nations unite their efforts in
this direction.
After spending two days in our country Mr. Ginsberg leaves
today for Western Germany,
(PCLITIKA - March 14, 1952)
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FROM PRACTICE OF PPPTY ORGANISATIONS--Experiences from work of
Communists in the District of Jastrebarsko. What has been achieved
by better Political work.
(Jastrebarsko, March)
Until a? year or two ago the political situation in the District of
Jastrebarsko was not satisfactory. Whenever there was a question of
carrying out the compulsory sales plan, collection of tax, activation
of labour force or carryout of various other tasks, there were plenty
of difficulties in that respect in many villages of this district.
Because of all this, therm has been much discussion on how to improve
the situation, because the influence of the old reactionary political
r'
parties and of the clergy was not something one could lightly pass over.
Indeed, in Kupinac, the place where Machek had lived and worked,
there had remained some of those political demagogues who had retained
a certain degree of influence on the People. The village of Krasic was
a place of pilgrimage of reactionary elements of all different colours.
.Nevertheless, all this could not have led up to such a passive attitude
of the masses in some of the villages which sometimes went into
political lethargy. The cause of all this had to be sought elsewhere--
in the work of the Communists,in the work of the Party organisations.
And this work was often not only very poor, but there were even cases
where certain'tembers of the Party were pointed out as drunkards and
speculators, while some of them even'had to answer in law courts for
malversations and embezzlement. This meant that the first and immedi-
ate task was to remove from the basic Party organisations such negative
and Incorrigible men, to create sound, disciplined and firm organisa-
tions and then, through mass and social organisations, establish a firm
link with the people and work politically with them. Such a decision
on the part of the plenum of the Party committee of the district'was
quite correct and its Putting into effect very soon yielded good
results.
The example of Kupinac
In the District of Jastrebarsko there are a considerable number of
social'organisations. In almost every village there is a voluntary
fire-fighting society, as well as many sections of "Seljacka ?Sloga"
(Peasant Union-Ed). Several cultural-artistic societies are also
actively working therr. However, until recently there were no Commun-
ists in them. There were no Communists in them for the simple reason
that the Communists did not realise that in these organisations they
could and should act culturally and politically.
Now in Kupinac, for example, there has existed a basic Party
organisation ever since 1944, but however for a fairly long time its
political activity has not been felt. Nevertheless, thanks to the
attention and aid of the Party committee of the district, this organi-
sation eventually begnn to function properly. Good results too have
been achieved. Today the entire village inhabitants are .members of
the Peoples Front; all the Communists are working in the fire-fiothting
society and in the anti-aircraft defense organisation; all the female
youth of the village are members of the cultural-artistic society -=?a
year ago one could ,not even think of such a thing. The Agricultural ?
Cooperative in the village, which previously WaS almost always clv,sed,-
is,now stocked with all the articles required by a village. Roads
have been prepared, and a sum of 517,000 dinars has been collected for
this in the form of voluntary donations. Almost the' entire villarre
turns up at mass political conferences.
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"Now let us see how the matter stands with Comm fists"
The situation was not much better in the village of Pribic either.
The Communists relied only on aid from the district. This situation
lasted until an open Party meeting was held. At that meeting dis-
cussion developed on tax, how much tax was assessed on whom, and some
of the people complained that "things cannot go on like this any
longer". PPVP0 Mahovlic was the most VoHferous and accused the
Communists of the village that they were to blame for everything
because "they had assessed less tax for themselves."
Who knows how far this thing could have gone had not someone
proposed: "Well, let us see how the matter stands with the Communists."
And so a discussion on the Communists, one by one, developed. Fvery
individual case WPS carefully weighed and considered, and finally it
WPS found that everything was in order. In the case of Pavao Mahovlic,
however, it was found that instead of the L. quintals of maize which he
claimed he had, he had not less than 36, to say nothing of wine, racky
and other products.
And indeed the situation has greatly changed since that time. The
Communists have become.active and the people after them. A sum of
600,00 dinars has been collected for comnletion of the seven-grade
shcool; the cultural-educational society has been expanded; the Physi-
cal culture active has been turned into a society of which all the
youth of the village are members; and there are no longer constant
visits to the Party committee in Jastrebarsko. Now the Communists
of Pribic, together with their people, are successfully solving many
problems.
Incorrect appraisals
Almost every report of the Secretary of the basic Party organisation
in Pasarovina contained the following final sentence: "We have not
succeeded in activating the village because this is an element which
has small landholder concepts." However, the results which, wer.e.sub-
sequently achieved showe'd that such appraisals were.110 rect. In
the Autumn a three-kilometre road was repaired Pnd two bridges built,
so that in Lucenica, jamnicka Genoa, Levo Sredicko and some other
villages in the vicinity the Communists began to learn from the examPle
of Pisarovina. And this example is fairly instructive.
At an open Party meeting.in PisProvina, 23-year old school tePcher
Josip Dugic criticised the work of some of the Communists in the village
because instead of helping him they had obstructed his work on education
of the people bv,telling the people that "he could not be trusted."
There were criticisms from othPr sides too It was established that in
Pisarevina there were many possibilities for cultural-educational work
and that those ,possibilities should be utilised The members of the
Party properly reacted to the criticism, and so a month later the
cultural-educational life of the village began to improve. School
teacher Dugic will in the course of these days be admitted to the
Party.
How the village of Domagovic ceased to be a "negative' village
The village of Domagovic was usually referred to as aeflnegative"
village. What is worse, no-one tried to get to the peoPle of that
village. The only social organisation in that village was the voluntary
fire-fighting society, but even it WAS almost unknoWn.
Two years ago teams for buying up products composed of men frot
Cvetkovic and other nearby villages used to go to this village. Some
of the right fellows from Domagovic said about that: "Men, wh7 all
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.4,41114?
this when we can do -everyth4ing, io-urselves?" The men from these teams
were also convinced of this and so they went to the Party committee of
the district and recommended to the Goitfdes *there: "Stop such work
and go aut to Doringovic once in a while. True the villagers of
DcyMn.govic did not fight in the National Liberation Struggle, but all
the same they are not enemies."
Today there is not a single man Sn this villa 0.e who is not a
member of the People's Front or of the fire-fighting society. No more
teams go to Domsgpvic, and it would be difficult to find in the whole
district a Party organisation whose membership is PS inspired by such
sound optimism as here.
The People's, Front members of this village have hiPVP hitherto
given several thousands of hours of voluntary work at a forst worksite.
They have decided to buy inventory and uniforms for their fire- figMting
society.
The cult'ztlsa.,9?jociet.."
In Bratina school teacher Mirka Rebrovic started an activity to
develop cultural-educational work. The leadership of the Party organ-
isation in the vi1la7e, however, incorrectly appraised this initiative
of his, considering that he was "revamping Machek's 'Seljscka SlogP',"
in the Party committee of the district, however, the Comrades
found that Rebrovic was right and helped him in his work. And so there
was formed in Bratina a Cultural-artistic society "Slogs" which very
soon gave its first performance. The Comrades from the Party committee
were invited, the entire village turned up, with the exception of the
members of the Party who somehow boycotted the teacher and his Slogs".
The Comrades from the Party committee praised Rebrovic, favourably.
expressed themselves on'the performance and presented a collection of
books to the society. The members of the Party organisation in Bratina
then saw thPt they had made a mistake and so one day invited the school
teacher also to their meeting' Since that time all the members of the
Party have ben actively working in "Slogs."
It took the members of the Party in the District of Jpstrebsrsko
a long time before they started tq work in the new way, in new
conditions. And this new method is P. better and firmer linking-up
with the masses and more political work with the masses which very
soon has yielded good results. (sgd) Niko ,Kadija
'(BORBA, 11th March, 1952)
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SIX RUMRNIAN SOLDIERS ESCAPED TO OUR COUNTRY BY PLANE; RUnANIAN
MILITARY PLkNE LANDED AT ZEI,;UN AIRFIELP ESTERDAY
Yesterday at 10.25 a.m. a Rumanian two-engined bomber
"Heinkel 111" with the mark AG-58, coming from Rumania, landed
at Zumun airport. Six persons 14,1:re in the plane, amongst whom
were: Ginea Joan, pJlitical Commissar and Party Leader of an air
squadron, Bukur Joan, Air-Lieutenant-Military Surgeon and Piturka
Dumitra, pilot Air Lieutenant. The her three members of
the crew.
All the 6 men beloned to the 17th Bomber Squadron in
Bra soya.
Upon arrival at the airfield they declared that they had
decided to escape because of disagreement with the anti-people's
policy and police regime which is being carried out by the present
Rumanian Government and demanded asylum from our authorities.
(Tanjug)
(POLITIKA 14th March, 1952).
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STRUGGLE AGAINST SUPERSTITION AND RELIGIOUS PREJUDICES
ABUSE OF SOCIALIST DEMOCRACY
Can you imagine such a thing: During Lent the priest Stevan
from the district of Tito Veles visited all of his parishioners
pretending to inspect their kitchens but, if it happened that he
found something nice to eat , meat dishes especially, he rebuked
and intimidated the people in a very rude manner. However, this
was not an isolated case. Similar cases of self-will and -
unlawful behaviour were also reported from other parts of the
same district, apart from the first one which occurred at Caska.
Herewith one of these: Trajce Naumcevski, from the village of
Izvor, got married four years ago, while Stoilko Pancevski,from
the village of Stepanci, got married three years ago. They were
married before the appropriate agencies of the peopleis authority
and registered vEr) in the register at the local peoplels committee
office. Ever since they were both subjected to moral pressure by
their priests Furthermore, the pries talked against them among
other peasants reckoning with their religious prejudices and super-
stition. Finally, the priest succeeded in carrying out his inten-
tion. Owing to a steady pressure and perplexity, Trajce and Stoilko
finally made a eompromise and went to the church to got married once
more. The cunning priest got ells fee, apart from his successful
attempt to maintain religious prejudices among the people by leaving
the people to live in obscurantism. We shall further quote another
even more drastic example of the priests, self-will, their partial
interpretation of religious rules and abuse of religious tolerance
in our country. The priest Pavle Blazevski from Stepane arrived
one day in the village of Smilevci andewishing to communicate all
pupils, demanded from the'teacher to close the school that morning.
(Naturally, despite all lidemandsil and intimidations by the priest,
the teacher refused to do se.)
Here we have three different cases which occurred in one single
1.1B8E-r.etounTilgwfill prove that 'there is a certain number of priests
apply coercion too with the object of forcing the
people to observe religious rules. The people who refuse to obey
their orders are also affected by them.
And the question now is,what is fundamental in all those cases.It is
apartial, intentional distortion and abuse of tolerance guaranteed by
our law. In our country there is full freedom of religion. Everybody
is free to perform or not the regulations of one religion or another,
whilelas regards the church, it, enjoys the fUll freedom- to conduct
religious ceremonies envisaged by its ,canon The freedom of the indi-
vidual 1 its consciousness apd mind, are also guaranteed by the Con-
stitution. In principle, this furnishes the basis of our soclialist
Jurisprudenee and our soeialist'demacracv. But nevertheless on
the lens_s of the behavioural a number or priests including tAooe
from the district of Tito Veles, they have theintention to violate
this principle by applying coercion. The freedom af religion does
not also int,Lude tht appiication or force upon people requesting irom
them to observe reliRious rules etc. Therefore, in the name of the
principle or the freedom of individual , the, protection or the
freedom of consciousness and mind, in the interests of our community,
against Inose wne a le,ly measures or coercion in conneeti9n with tne
it will 10,e necessal to take more ecvere measures envisarred by our law
oposervance (DI relig TYUE
The roots of these occurrances are not difficult to be discovered.
Thanks to the cultural development in our country and the introductiln
of socialist relations, the people began to free themselves from various
kinds of superstition and errors. Certain priests,who probably reali-
zed that thereby their income is to be affected seriously, or wishing
to maintain their influence upon the people, being at the same time
dissatisfied with the cultural development and socialist conversion,
de not hesitate to commit unlawful deeds or abuse our socialist demo-
cracy. It would be of crucial significance to apply legal measures
upon these priests and everybody else who might commit an unlawful,
in this case, anti-national deed, threatening the freedom of the
individu roqclitiftAkiai6 iottpictnydAwske,440qi fhq34 this cannot
be done i our country. rthermore, no v el s principle
re ,
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of tolerance tolerance and ,freedom of consciousness nnd mind, which, in the end,
are guaranteed by law in our country, could be perpetrated.
"Voluntary donations" for a Moslem priest
In the village of Bistrenci in the district of Kavadarci, the
population is both Orthodox and Moslem. Orthodox peasants, as well
as the Moslem ones, are members of the co-operative in this village.
While the co-operative members work hard throughout the year, the
priest remains idle, conducting his duty as a priest only. At the
end of the year, he decided to collect donations from the Moslem
peasants. They proved willing to give from 2 to 5 of.their daily
wages to the priest. The members wished that this be entered in
the co-operative recerds. As the management refused to .do this,
they recommended that the priest could collect gifts .at the annual
session of the co-operative. The priest agreed to do this. On that
occasion all Moslem members including the President of this co-opera-
ti4 gave the briost from 300 to 500.d1naro. this way the priest
ig pted a considerable sum or money, ,although he was idle for so
This is the method applied byrapo-operative in its struggle
against religious prejudices. It was the duty of the party organiza-
tion in this place to prevent the priest from collecting the money
earned with toil by the peasants.
(NOVA MAKEDO jA, March 11, 1952).
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IRIS is AN ENCLOSURE IO
25X1
SUIdiARY OF IRE YU OSLAV PRESS
25X1C
No.744 INDEX
.P.1. Headlines of rorba of the 18th March
P.2. Headlines of Borba continued
Headlines of.777Elika of the 18th March
P.3. Headlines of the provincial press
FROM POBJEDA OF THE 12TH MARCH
18th March, 1952.
P.7, fctivity of co-operatives in the District of Kolasin from the
point of view of conflicts in the law courts
FROM BORBA OF THE 16TH I.ARCH
P.4.. Trial of Hungarian spy at Osijek
P.11. Brazilian Legation in Belgrade raised to rank of Embassy
Gift of US Embassy to Bkoplje University
Note of Yuoslav Government to Italy concerning Slovene minority
rights
P.12. Transparent manoeuvre by Irredentists - Italian press on
elections in Trieste
Trial at Lucca
P.13. Party oranisations - the political leaders of the workers
(Article by Dlaza Markovic)
P.16. Second regular session of PA Serbia
P.19. New Serbian orthography to be issued soon- interview with
Dr.Aleksandar Belie
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 16TH MARCH
P.4. New prices for tourists in Yugoslav Zone of the FTT
P.22. Savings Bank of Agricultural Co-operatives will be opened
shortly
FROM BORBA OF THE 17TH MARCH
P.4. Yugoslav journalists in Groat Britain
P.S. Statement by refugee Rumanian airmen on rro?r?tive flights over
Rumanian-Yuoslav frontier areas
P.18. Irredentist activity: new slanders in connection with the
adoption of the dinar in the FTT
P.22. Fifth group of Greek children travel to their parents
FROM BORBA OF THE 18TH MARCH
P.22. Statement by Tanjug on neW 'incident on YuLoslav-Albanian border
Establishment of diplomatic relations between Yugoslavia and
Ethiopia
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FROM BORBA OF THE 18TH MARCH
P.23. Workers' protest at Izola against Irredentist campaign
Soca on demnstrations in Venezia Giulia
Yugoslav Ambassador li.ekovic arrives in Berlin
P.24, Reception in YuLoslav Embassy in London in honour of Yugo-
slav journalists
Repretentative-of British Ministry of Health in Belgrade
Sentencing of war criminal Rademacher
SUP?LEMENT FROM THE PROVINCIAL PRESS
FROM VJESNIK ZAGREB 15TH - 29TH FEBRUARY
P.a. Series of articles on relations between the state and
Church by lire Mihailovic
FROM SLOVEN SKI POROCEVALEC OF THE 13TH NARCH
P.z. Disciplinary measures against headmaEter
FROM SLOIENSKI POROCEVALEC OF THE 14TH MARCH
P.z. Publication of new illustrated paler in apodistria
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HEADLINES BORBA 18th March, 1952.
VSSION OF THE PA OF REPUBLICS AND THE PA OF THE FRfff:
P.1. Discussion on the proposed Social Plan'of the F.PRY: soon
the proposed plans of the republics will be published for
public discussion
TANJUG C01.qUNIQUE ON THE NE' lk INCIDENTS ON THE YUGOSLAV-
ALBANIAN FRONTIER
DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS ESTABLISHED BETWEEN ETHIC:VI, AND
YUGOSLAVIA
? *.
WORKERS' PROTEST FROM 'ZOLA AGAINST IRREDENTIST CAMPAIGN:
ARTICLE IN SNA COhCERNING DEMNSTRATION IN VENEZIA
GIULIA
YUGOSLAV AMBASSADOR IVEKCAfIC TRAVELS TO BERLIN
ROME'S LNTI-YUGOSLAV HaANGUE
First Asiatic Socialist Conference will be held in Rangoon
French invitation to Ho She lqin to suspend hostilities
Truce negotiations in Korea: new Chinese-North Korean
accusations
Execution of new payments system: seminars to be organised
in all the important economic sectors
*SWISS, MINISTER PRESENTS GIFTS TO UNIVERSITY ,LIBRARY
? P.2. Local Party Metings aftet conferences: :Communists properly
understood and conscientiously carried out their duty .
during the, bad weather in the Tolmin District:
-'How Party organisations work in the Danilovgrad District
More. than 8,000 young people from Belgrade to work for. key
? objectives
* .
Plenary session ,of Slovenian Government Council of Health
204 Municipal Councils to be formed in Kosovo and ketohija
Letters to the editor: Governmedt of the Soviet Union
grossly insults Yu,;oslav victims:
Against incitement to Chauvinism
P.3. The problems of our universities: medical science and
practice
The collective enterprise "Djuro Djakovic" -411 vote on the
26th March: there were cases of an undemocratic attitude
*in the composing of Candidates' Lists
Monument to be erected in comm orat,icn of the third session
of the Anti-Fascist L'ouncil of the. eon4.e r
Liberation
.14.5.1114iiagLTHE- AIRLINE FROM BELGRADE TO PARIS WAS OPENED
The political activity of-Front_organisations:
A larger number of people's universities and cultural-
educational assobilltions
Various sorts of work of youth organisations in the Takov
District
A good bejmning for the PF Committee in Jasa Tomic
Council for protection mothers, children and young people
has formed 5 commissions: the Committee will work in
liaison with the Council for People's Health and Social_
Policy
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P.3. Before the appearance of this year's agricultural produce in
the markets: stabilisation of trade and contributory factors
(Article by Lj.M.Ristovic)n
LETTE 1ROM LONDON: EPILOGUE 10 THE RLCi.NT CLASHES ITHIN THE
BRITISH LABOUR PARTY (Article by Dusan PoPovic)
FROM THE COLINFORMIST COUNTRIES: STATE CAPITLLISM AND INOISI-
TION OF A STALINIST KIND IN HUNGARY
Letter from Home: just before the general elections in Italy
(D.Culic)
Just before the meeting of the European Council: problems of
co-ordination of European policy will be. discussed
Egyptian conditions for the renewal of ne,otiations with Britain
Letter from Athens: critical political situation in Greece
(Article by M.,vramovic)
Letter from Norway: just before the fonndatim of new instru-
ment of international co-operation: will the Scandinavian
Parliament adopt the proposal that a Council of the North be
formed (Article by ivi.Bajec)
Harriman lays before Truman proposal for foreign aid
*
SENTENCING OF RADEMACHER
Report from Barba's special Asiatic correspondent: after the
elections in India (Article by Jakob Levi)
Iranian oil: conversations between International Bank and
Iranian representatives produce no results
Communique of the Allied High Commissioners in Germany;
Western countries prepare reply to Sotiet Not about Germany
- British Government patiently considers Soviet Note says Eden
P.7, RECEPTION IN YUGOSLAV ELBASSY IN LONDON IN HOMAJR 01 YUGOSLAV
JOURNALISTS
RPRES,INTATiVE OF BRITISH MI:dSTRY OF HTALTH IN BELGRADE
REPUBLIKA
P.1. European Agricultural Orcpanisation (Editorial signed M.R..)
Questicnsof European economic co-operation (Article signed P.S.)
P.2. AN 0 THER, 3ToRm ABOUT ?Th IESTE
-
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P.1.
P.3,
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NOVA MAKEDONIJA
March 12, 1952.
Youths and" their tasks.(Regarding the 13th plenary meeting
of the CC of the People's Youth. of Macedonia).
Unsatisfactory results attained in school education in
Skoplje.'
:Facts concerning the work of mechanization funds in MaCedonia.
SLOVENSKI POROCEVALEC
March 14, 1952.
Publication of a new illustrated paper "Slovenski Jadran"
in Capodistria.
Reclamation of 30,000 hecteres of land in Croatia.
ESPIONAGE NETWORK OF THE JESUIT BOEHM FROM MARIBOR.
March 16, 1952.
P.2. Letter from Switzerland on the financing ',If its armament.
program.
P.3. We have substantial means for the overcoming of Colorado
beetle's this: year.
had
Advantures by JaneZ Malebic who/escaped abroad and was happy
to come back home.
P.4. Publication of the first number of "Tabor", the organ o
Blovene scouts.
P.2.
Statistics o'n DiVorce in. Ljubljana during 1951.
March.150.1952.
Foundation ).gaeXCRiViglejnilnagidgIES qqPignSreTingriri-
Zagreb.
P.4. Our war. AnduStry,
-LA OCE DEL. POPOLO
March 130 1952.
P.2. TRIAL OF THREE FRANCISCANS IN RIJEKA,
Salvation of three ships in the port f
March 14, 1952.
P.2. The epilogue of the trial of the priest Ivan Cerepic.
Me.rch 15, 1952.
P.1. Co-operatiVes must Struggle for the development of
agripu1tural production,
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NEW PRICE FOR TOURISTS IN THE YUGOSLAV ZONE OF THE FTT.
(CapodiStria March 14 )
In order to enable tourists from Yugoslavia to spend their vaca-
tions in sea resorts in tI Yugoslav Zone of the FTT, the Council
for Goods Trade ot' the i bistrict Committee has fixed new
prices for cateri 3erv-!_,,c,s in "n'i.s Zone. The new prices for tourists
from Yugoslavia in sea resorts of the Yugoslav Zone of the FTT will
vary from 410 to 810 dinars per day including board ? Thus the prices
in this zone have been equalised with those in Yugoslavia. Foreign '
tourists will pay 810 to 1,410 dinars per day inclusive board. The
new prices are very convenient for foreigners in regard to the new
parity of the dinar.
(Signed A. Z. ).
March 16,1952 ).
TRIAL OF A HUNGARIAN SPY IN OSIJEK .
( Osijek, March 15, ).
Sabo Bela served in the Hungarian Intelligence Service along the
hungarian- rumanian border.... One day he was ordered by his command
to go to Budapest and to report at the barracks " Vorosilov ". He was
set there the task to examine numerical strenght, armament, supplies,
disposition of barracks and all other data of Political and military
Before he arrived to the border all the mines were removed
in order that he might pass ( all the border on their side is mined ).
He was told to surrender immediately to our authorities. After re-
lease from prison, as he was told by his superiors, he should have
retaited17 to IO -days at the outmost in order to organise an espionage
net in a larger town inhabited by a large Hungarian population , which
would send regular reports.
This attempt has also failed :lust as many hundreds before. The
Osijek Regional Court condemned nim to-se.ven-yeanaLstrion,fin..e-
ment.
( BORBA , March 16 1952 ) .
YUGOSLAV 'JOURNALISTS IN GREAT BRITAIN .
(London, March 16 )
The Yugoslav journalists who are in Great Britain as guests of
the Informations SecT,lon of the Foreign Office visited last week
several places 'in South Wales and the Midlands.
In the Cardiff region the journalists visited new settlements, the
Windsor Collieries and the large metalurgical enterprise Morgan Werke
at Port Talbot.
In Birmingham the journalists visited the great tractor factories
Fergusson, a farm, the castle of the Earl of Warwick ,and Stratford ,
the birth place of William Shakespeare
.-
The Yugoslav journalists were received eveywhere with attention.
In Cardiff the Mayor gave a reception in their honour and in Stratford
they were greeted by the Mayor and aldermen In Penarth, they were
received cordially, and in the coal 'mines "Windsor " a luncheon was
given to the journalists.
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STATEYENTS BY ROUVANIAN AIR1EN: THOSE WHO CAltiff OUT AIR PROVOCATIONS.
OH THE. ROU-ANIAN,YUGObLAV .buiE52,R
A c0Uple of days ago Yugoslav and foreign newsmen held a
press conference with the five escaped Roumanian airmen. The home
and foreign'newsmen asked interesting ,questions, and the Roumanian
airmen answered theM. Fany of the replies given had been previously
known to the Yugolav and foreign public--examples- of exploitation
of .the peoples of the satellite countries by the USSR,servile attitude
of the- cominformists in Bucarest towards the leaders in -Ijoscow?etc.
However,the most interesting data which these airmen have given was,
not mention3d at the press- conference. This is data on who is carrying
air proVOcations on our border by aircraft with Roumanian markings.
The reply which the escaped Roumanian airmen have given to this question
can explain a- number of other things in which the USSR has its fingers.
During the told, with Joan Gine,political commissar of the 17th
Bomber. Regiment which is stationed in TBrasova,nnd Dimitnr Pucurko,
senior aviation lieutenant and acting commander of this regiment,
heard a few interesting and new facts which concern us in Yugoslavia.
"Special_flyin_g_Eroups" for special tasks:
, Joan Gine and Dimitar Fucurko told Me that only"special
aviation groups" are used for the carrying out of special tasks.
There have _already apPeared in the press report's on how Rod Army
units are Stationed all over Roumania,and on how every Roumanian
army unit has a large number of Soviet "experts" without whose
knowledge nothing is done, In the Same way ',!e have previously been
told th-.xt there are aerodromes in Roumania,like the one in Constanca,
which are being hold by Soviet air force, and that Roumanian airmen
are not allowedto get near these. aerodromes. Howover,so far we have
heard very little ? about the existance of. "special flying groups".
Dimitar Pucurka says that these groups have been f)rmed the Roumanian
pilots 'cannot be.trusted.
"Special flying groups" .are stationed on all the Rouanian
aerodromes. Soviet pilots are in the composition of these groups.
The aircraft have Roumanian markings. When these aircraft fly,the
Roumanian ground personnel don't know anything about the task which
they have to perforM. For a considerably long time, this has been
a secret for Roumanian airmen. However,despite careful concealment,
says Pucurko,"we finally got to know what. these groups srved for.
In addition to who knows what tasks,these groups have been carrying
but air .provocations an YugJslav territory'''. This fact is today well
knwn to a good many Roumanian airmen.
'Aiat.these air.provoentions.are being carefully prepared is
borne out by. the fact that...Dn.:the day when the five 'escaped
Roumanian airmen flow,across the border they Were fired at by
A-A guns although the plane had correct: and visible Roumanian
markingSaasides,the day was very clear 71'id the te1egraphist2 was
all the time in touch.by wireJess with the aerodrome from which the
rlane had taken off. Yeanwhile,at the time of the carrying out of
air proVocations it: has h_ver happened that a :Roumanian plane had
been' fired at onthe?borde7 as it happened this time near Turnu-,
Severin. This moans that the A-A batterios(the escaped .Roumanian
airmen cannot say whether they are Roumanian or S.)viet) are always
informed when planes.-for the "special flying groups" are flying.
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.Another few proofs:
Dimitar Pucarn says that very frequently aircraft had flown,
both day and night, on great. heights and that they had been asked -to
maintain Wireless. contact with the .ground, On )ne occasion the air crew
did not .reply to signals from the ground. The senior leadarShip at the
aerodrome ,which was informed of this ,did not at all react or give any
information to the personnel Pucura says that this happened very.
often,and as an exaple he mentions the case which happened en Farch the
11th of this year, at 21.40 Roumanian time,when? a Roumanian bi-plane,
coming from the z)ne of the Carratian 1..)untains,flew over the aeroJrome.
where he was stationed. jhen the wireless service at the Brasova
aerodrome tried to contact the plane by wireless--it did not get any
reply. On that occasion no order was given t fire on the plane.
The Soviet pilots of these "special flying F.:.r)ups" d) not
associate or spak with their Roumanian colleagues. They are alm)st
completely isolated lthough they are ..)L the same aerodrome as the
Roumanian airmen, Intolerance between the Soviet and R.)umanian airMen
is often manifested. This is rmt at all strnne according to Joan (3-ine,
because the Soviet flying pars:nnel is privileged in every respect.
For example,while ',Ioumnnian -irmen get their daily feed rati)n of
4,000 cal.)ries,3:).-viot pilots g.-t-theirs of 11,000 cn1.)ries Gish
emolument -)f Soviet airmen is also impripprtinntely higher-.-it is
over ten .times aore than what Roumanian airmen get.
The fact that the pr)incatiins a2;ainst -)ur cDuritry re eing
c=ied out by 3Jvict pilots )n aircraft with i)umaniala
Pucurka :lees not exclude the p.,ssibility tht Soviet pilots are
s)metime flying oven on their -1,n1 aircraft--,that the USSR is
constantly bringing int) R,umania jet planes e}f:th. 110 and YAK types,
that in Roumania there -re being built aereos and special runways.
f)r these planes, end that young men are being taken from Roumania to
the Soviet Union to perfect thir kn)wiedge"---illustrate
very clearly the aggressive Soviet policy t)1,ars our country,and
similarily illustrate the role which vari)us S)viet advisers are
playing in the satellite countries.
(b3H'A,1- rch 17,1952.)
NE_ FLylLa SCHO,)L 11 Li.Uh.eljA_I.
(Ljubljana. 16th. Larch)
Th.flying-scho.1 Hu1ni1C in Ljubljana has formed
a special flying-school in which t) train skilled pilots.--un-thb
17th l'iarch a theOretic-1 course on 'iongine-Til,tin-will bgin so
that pilots can prepare themselves fully for actual flying, which
will start on 15th April. ichines f)r tr.;:ininy flights aro
pr)vided by the Ljubljana air centric. -Every pil:t will be able to
have ton flying huurs.
A fLyirv sch.?1 will be established 'son al the iarib)r -
flying club, nI iMiliarly it wifl be possible- t) learn to fly in
the club attt-lyg. (Tanjug)
- 17th larch)
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7
ACTIVITY OF COOPERATIVES IN THE DISTRICT OF KOLASIN VIEWED FROM
CONFLICTTIN 'PRE LAW COURTS
1By Risto Vujinovic, Public Prosecutor)
(Kolasin, 11th March)
In the 24 (this is the number which exist since the effecting of
the merger) working cooperatives in the District of Kolasin, good
results have been achieved during this past year but, however, there
have occurred and are still occurring various weaknesses (ascertained
by investigations and in court trials) which have a damaging effect on
their economic consolidation. The largest number of shortcomings were
detected in the case of Peasant Working Cooperatives "Mijat Maskovic",
"Veko Radovic","13th July", "Lesko Rakocevic", "Novi Zivot", "Blazo
Jovanovic", etc. During the second half of this last year there
were occurrences of a certain amount of wavering among the members of
the cooperatives and of desiring to back out of the cooperatives?all
inspired by hcstile elements.
On top of this there was also a considerable amount of lawlessness,
attack on cooperative property by members of cooperatives and by
private owners of properties. Some people, including also state
employees, pensioners, etc., came to the District of Kolasin on annual
leave and at the same time, quite on their own, mowed hay in the fields
belonging to the cooperatives, sold things and did other irregularities
violating legal provisions, answering in law courts for their misdeeds,
thereby--by accomplice or by testimony -inducing several members of
cooperatives not to carry out the Plan. (An example of this was the
trial of the members of the "Blazo Jovanovic" cooperative where over
five hundred working days were lost just at the season of busiest work.)
In the working cooperative "Slogan (concord-Ed,' there has been no concord
In the working cooperative "Slogan (in the local people's
committee of Polja), last autumn none of the members of the cooPerative
wanted to be the shepherd although sheep-breeding in this cooperative
represents the chief branch of production. At a meeting of the
Managing Board, the President declared that he would nerform the duty
of shepherd if someone of the members of the cooperative would take his
place as president. However, no one wanted to take either of the two
duties. It was only sometime later that one of the members of the
Managing Board accepted to be the shepherd, received an advance of
4,000 dinars but, when it was time for him to go to the mountains to
look after the sheep, he refused to go. The cooperative was compelled
to file a criminal suit for fraud.
in
In the "13th July" peasant working cooperative/the local people's
committee of Polja, the members of the cooperative had been mowing
hayfields belonging to the cooperative without authority, taking hay-
stacks and horses beldnging to the cooperative, picking plums, brewing
raky, had been using the mill of the cooperative without authority and
had prevented other members of the cooperative to repair it--in short,
the work of the cooperative had been obstructed not only by private
persons but also by the members of the cooperative itself.
Members of the "Mijat Maskovic" working cooperative in Lipovska
Bistrica allowed arbitrariness to assume such dimensions that it
bordered on the squandering of cooperative Pronerty. Lambs belonging
to the cooperative were sold at the low price of 250 dinas as well PS
cooperative sheep, and were sold later on at three times the price.
There ver e members of the cooperative (for example Stevan Todoro-
vic) who grumbled from the first day of joining the cooperative
saying that they would back out of the cooperative at the end of three
years. etc. They gathered around them groups of malcontents who did
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not want to work and who at the end of three years began filing apnli-
cations to leave the cooperative. Todorovic, although a member of the
Managing Board, Was the ringleader and, first of all secretly and
later quite openly, started writing applications for people to leave
this cooperative as well as other neighbouring cooperatives. Of
course the underminers have had to answer for vi,lPtion of the law.
Neither a bookkeeper, nor a member of a working team, nor even a geed
member of the cooperative...
The bookkeeper of the "Veko Rafovic" pensart working ceoperative
naither made any efforts to keep his books in order nor took part in any
physical work. He did not want to finish a bookkeeping course although
he had voluntarily enrolled. Later on as a member of the teem looking
after the livestock, he did not attend the livestock at night or cleaned
the pans, for which reason the livestock suffered in the mud. He sold
his own sixteen sheep and did net deposit the money with the cooperative.
Naturally he was taken to court and convicted.
There have also been such cases (in the "Novi Zivot" Cooperative')
where some of the members of the cooperative have been arbitrarily
taking the cooperative horses riding them and jeering at the other
members who had to carry sack of grain on their backs all the way from
Kolasin to Maraca to be milled there. They even told them to use the
toeperative horses for their own needs.
In the "Lekso Rakocevic" Working Cooperative, there was almost an
actual grabbing of cooperative Property in which some state employees
and pensioners Plso took pert. Cooperative cows were sold at 4,500 to
6,000 dinars. The members of the cooperative also sold immovable
Property despite ?the regulations on sale and transfer of immovable
Property.
,In the "Panto Draskovic",COoperative there also was arbitrarT!
mowing of hay. The bookkeeper ef this enterprise turned up in his office
only occasionally, refused to do any physical work, etc. When this
bookkeeper was assigned to go to work on building the steel mill in
Niksic, he resisted and sent his sister. Settlers from the Vojvodina
after returning from there, seized ,their old properties which had been
included in the land fund of th.c cooperative (after the war people
wore brought frem Montenegro and other poor parts of the country to
the -Vojvodina to work there and were given the old properties of the
Volksdeutsche. Some of them did not like the new life and so returned
to their old homes-Ed).
On the territory of the local peoples oommittee of Moraca, there
have been cooperative members who threshed rye on their own (the
example of Jovanovic brothers), and even such who appropriated their
entire properties which they had brought into the cooperative; natur-
ally, they were sued and punished.
When Members of Managing and Control Boards speculate
nmost in the caae of all the peasant Working cooperatives there
have been occurrences of arbitrariness,f making no efforts in work,
and other weaknesses. Some of the members,'Pnd'even members of
Managing and Control Boards, pre speculating. 5-me of them are
npturally"devoted to socialism" but de not like to work. They are used
to loafing and eating without working. In SOMO places there are also
concealed class enemies.
Some of the cooperatives have had presidents who have been riding
horses, taking and changing cooperative cows end calves, have had as
much milk as water and at the same time have been proclaiming as under-
miners nf cooperatives all those who rind dared to critimise them Or to
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point out their irregu:larities. Cases are frequent where these who
report harmful work in-the cooperative are proclaimed "spies",
particularly if they demand that sanctions be applied to the evil-
doers. The evil-doers also.have a way of forming groups, giving false
test monies and defending the culprit in such a way that there is "no
evidence of guilt" in the court. Such'people usually, if they are not
sure that'the accused will be acquitted, do not ask for per diem but
as soon as they see that the "like-minded one" will be acquitted and
that the state will have to pay the expenses, they also ask for per
diem and for compensation of. lost time.
Some of the members of the cooperative threaten toga to work in
economy. The best example of this is the "Mijat Maskovic" Cooper:ative
whose members are alwayrB stressing that they will leave the cooperative
and gn to work in economy. However, none of them goes farther than the
construction site at Musovica Rijeka. In this cooperative the stock-
yards was left uncovered last autumn although everything-had been pre-
pared for its completion. Cooperative cattle, therefore, had to stay'
in the open at nights.
The mentioned weaknesses (and there surely are more of them) are
having an influence on the development of the cooperatives in the
District of Kolasin which possesses all the necessary conditions for
development, particularly with respect to livestock breeding. The
cause of these shortcomings should be sought in the poor organisation
of work and in the poor selection of manaGement because of which the
cooperatives are just marking time .and arr suffering failures. Such
weaknesses should be eliminated as soon as possible, without waiting
for criminal prosecution agents to come and take action. Every weak-
ness should be ninned in the bud as well as every attempt to do
mischievous work because, as the old saying goes, it is easier to
prevent than to cure.
fi few examples of sacrifical work
The members of the "People's Hero Savo Maskovic" Cooperative ceuld
be taken as an example of how to work, how to make efforts and-how to?
manage .the cooperatives. Another good xamnle isawoMan cooperative
member in the "Novak Lakutic" Cooperative. This woman, although-without
legs, has not wanted to ask for social aid, but instead of that, by
sninning, weaving .and making sacks, has been earning as much as she
needs to support herself and her children.. fAs a whole, it is a charac-
teristic fact that in those cooperatives where the managements are ?
working well, the discipline is exemPlary, and vice-versa. In the case
of the "Panto 'Braskovic" Cooperative it has been established that the
work of the dairy hands, shepherds and-under-age children is on the
required high_level. 'However, the rest of the members are working
poorly.
There is no evenness with resPeet to rewarding. In some cases
rewarding is below the minimum znd in other cases it is above the.
maximum. Some of the presidents of the cooperatives are recognised
twelve days work in a. month4 while to some, over twenty-eight. There
are also such cases where foremen are entering more workdays than there
had actually been and that they are not keening a record of the actual
workdays.. In some cases, the foremen and members of the Managing Board
take such a high-hand that they consider the cooperr,tive as being their
own property, rather than the Property of all the members of the
cooperative.
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New examples of neglect of coonerative nronert4v
In the District of Kolasin there exist also snecial Problems which
are snecific for that region. There-pre no good roads, horses are
usually the only means of translort narticularly on the territories of
the neonle committee of Moracac Monastery, Dragovica Polja, Medjuriecja,
Lijesnja and Smailagica Polja. However, nne cannot deny the fact that
conditions exist for the develonment of some branches of agriculture,
in the first nlace sheen breeding, fruitgrowing and truck gardens.
Since hay is mowed without mowing machines, attention must be naid to
the mowing of hay in time and of using it in a rational way. It is not
enough to find men who will look after the livestock, but rather those
neonle who know something about livestock breeding must be assigned to
these duties. One must not nermit a careless ooint of view towards the
livestock fund, and one must not Permit such things, PS for examnle the
nlucking of wool from thirty-six live sheep in the "Panto Draskovic"
Connerptive. Neither must one all-aw such this as milking of sheen on
the sly and leaving lambs without food, or to sell sheep at 250 dinars
while private owners are selling them at 1,700. There he also been such
cases where the shenherd has been soundly sleening at nights while the
wolves have been nlaying havt,c with their sheen and lambs.
There are frequent cases of bringing neonle to account for their
misdeeds, but however very often the nronerty claims remain unrealised.
In some cases the cooperatives do not want to claim damage or if they
Hn claim damage the President of the coonerptive at the hearing withdraws
the comnlaint. The law courts should bear in mind the nrovisions of
rticle 96, paragranh 2 of the Law on Criminal Responsibilities under
which "If nublic nronerty or the nronerty of social organisations is
damaged by the criminal act, then it shall he considered that a claim
for nronerty comnensation has been filed although it has not been
actually filed." Similarly, that the coonerptives should know that
there is an ex officio nrosecution for damage of coonerative nronerty
and that there is no ;9rd(bning 6f such action.
There must be an end to such occurrences as for example those which
have been taking place on the territory of the local neonle's committee
of Ulice, whose President Janketic, together with other members of the
committee, during the night destroyed the beehives in order to take
home about ten kilogrammes of honey and then submitted a report after
the act was discovered and who also made forgeries, destruction of
official documents all with the object of evading resnonsibility. The
members of the cooperetives and also private nersons, narticularly
Party member's, should undertake all nossible measures so that such
weaknesses should nowhere again occur.
(POBJEDA, Cetinje -
12th March, 1952)
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BRAZILIAN LEGATION IN BELGRADE TO BE ELEVATED TO RATiK OF EMBASSY
-TBeLgrade, 15th March7--
. By decree of the President of the Republic of the United States
of Brazil, the Brazilian Legation -in Belgrade was elevated to the
rank of an embassy on 6th March. (Tanjug)
(BORBA - 16th March, 1952)
GIFT BY THE 1UJERICAN EMBASSY TO THE SKOPLJE UNIVERSITY
(Skoplje, 15th March)
Yesterday the members of the American Embassy in Be17rade,
Fr. Bruce- Buttles, Mr. J)hn Har.gorty and Dr. Sherwood Berg, arrived
in Sk'Tlje. They visited the Rect)rate ).f the Sk)plje UniV-:rsity
and Dr. Kir. Miljovski to whom they formally presented two c)lloctions
of 226 books as a gift of the American Embassy in Belgrade to the
Skoplje University. The guests were interested in the life and
development of the Skoplje University.
Yesterday afternoon the members -..)f the American Embassy in
-Belgrade. visited the Philoso-phy Faculty, the Agricultural-F.)restry
and Medical Faculties, art galleries, the Church of St. SpasA and
the People's University.
(BORBA - 16th Yarch? 1952)
NOTE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE. FPRYTO Demand for Assuring
the Hignts jf the Slovene Min)rity.
(Rome, 15th March) -H.?
. Today the Yugoslav'Legatin in Rome delivered -to th italian.
Ministry of Foreign_ Affairs a note c)ncerning the discriminatory action
of the Italian'Governmenttowards the Slovene lan,tuae Minority in
Italy. The note demands thereopening of-the Slovene school iriE
Krmnina which was cl)sed in January of this year by the decision of
the Italian municipal authority. The note also demands that the
question of teaching .in the elementary and secondary sch)ols be regu-:
lated in accordance with the regulati)nS )f -the Italian Constitution
and Pence Treaty, by law, or speoial statUte!which w)uld in the first
place.quarantee the Slevene minority' edUcation in the m)ther tongue,
assurc the necessary number of teachers wh)-se mothr t)ngue is
Slovene, clear the, questi)nHf'theirTstatuS,:?assure the necessary
number of school' supervisors and w)Uld ,giVo them the right t) partici-
pate (b.n sch)ol councils, as i's :the. case?withthe )ther lanc!;uage
linorities which live in Italy and especially with the German minority
which lives in Frantino Alto Adige whose question was solved in
December 1948-. Tanjug)
(BORBA - 16th March, 1952)
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THANSPARENTYAVOEUVRE BY THE IRREDENTISTS--Article from Primorski
Dnevnik ineCOnnection -with the neWs)f the Italian Press c)ncerning
electi)ns in Zone "A" of the FTT
(Trieste,: 15thlv,Tarch)
_ In connection with the news which appeared in the Italian press.
concerning the simultaneous hrdding, of elections in the Anglo-American,
Zone of the FTT .and the municipal electi)ns in Italy on the basis of
the Italian administrative election law which enables the c)nnecting
up of candidate lists, today's Primorski Dnevnik states that the
Irredentist circls in Trieste 77-TTaly wish in this manner to
paralyze the favorable response which the Yugoslav proposal for solving
the question of Trieste received in Triteste Italy and in the world. -
However,.tha basic aim of the Irredentists is to assure, on the basis
of the. 4.talian election law, an abs lute majrity in the Trieste
Vunicipal Council,- so states the newspaper.
In conclusion the paper stated, "We firvly eemand thet the
elections be scheduled as soon as possible )1-1 the basis of the law
with a proportional system 'which- must be cr-roted so that the
right to vote is given mly t Triestinos anil net to the people
brought. into Trieste by special tr-ins and Motor convoys."
Corriere di Trieste writes that the Irredentist (-1,-rents in
Trieste will "b3-rorced to take into c)nsidertion cerre_ ponding
c)untermeasuros for the purpJso of protect n; the fights of the
democratic expression of the will of the votrS'i, if the Anglo-
American rilitary Government accepts the proposal )f the Irredentists.
As yet, the AMG has not given any communiques. According to
the report of the reprosentqtiVef this grnment, the AYG Ms yet
cannot declare itself on the gikstiin7Whith is -Still being studied by
the competent authorities." (Tanjug) -
(BORBA 16th Ilarch, 1952)
AT TOE TRIAL IN LUCCA THE DEFENSE ATTORNEY, OF THE. INDICTED
SUCCESSFULLY LEA? THE ALLEG_TIO78 117-THE INJItTITENT
TTrieste, 15th Parch)
At yesterday's trial' )fethe-"Garibaldi, Division Partizans in
Lucca, the defense atterney, 1bo Bertassibeat the allegations in
the indictment.that?the Geribeldi-Fartizanshad committed treason
by the fact that in thebattle against. the:T2rmans. and Fascists they
hal joined the Yuee)Slev Ninth Corps. _Emphasizing that at that time
the Germans and Fascists were the enemies - of the Italian Partizans,
Bertassi said that it is impossible to claim -their joining up with
.the Allies as an act of treason. He SteterUthat the joining up of '
the Italian Garibaldists with the Slovene .pirtizans at that time
represented a necessary measure because of the merciless persecutions
loy the Nazis., The defense attorney added that their joining up was
f)reseen in September 1944 and this fact had been discusse not only
by the then commanders on the operative territories but also in the
very seat )f the Italian-Slovene Committee and oven in Yrilan where
c)ntact was established between the Italian-representatives and the
Slovene officers. (Tanjug)
(BORBA - 16th iTarch, 1952)
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PARTY ORGANISATIONS POLITICAL LEADERS OF TH. ORKING viASSES
New conditions of work in which our party organisations
found themselves in the process of the further development of
social deMccrecy in our country demanded vital chanes in their
method of work,. From the administrative methods of management,
commanding and executing different technical tasks, the work of
party organisations should have been set up in such a way that
they really become political leaders n'r the masses, Their
primary task is to act permanently politically, to develop
cultural, sporting and general social line, to move and develop
discussions on different problems of theory end our LJractiee,
to struggle with systematic explanation and conviction for the
raising of the socialist consciousness of the people. In such a
situation it became much more important for all party members to
work on their own education, to f et acquainted withactual questions
of our policy in order that they mirht te able to become the .
leaders of such work amongst the masses.
Loaed at from this angle, the Party organisation in
Belgrade, regardless of certain important results obtained in this
respect, :' has not freed itself as a whole from petty practicism
and occupation with narrow internal problems,
The successes, which the organisation obtained in this field
can be seen from the fact that the Ward Committees and a number of
other party leaderships have comprehended the total importance of
the new position and role of basic party organisations and that
they should take up a right attitude toward tasks.. Further, a
fairly large number of party organisations has obtained important
succsses in the'develpment of politicallcultural and other work.
For example, in the Enterprise " Yugo-Stampa " 400 to 500 workers
are present at syndical conferences whenever this is needed. The
social life is develope(Fetc.This has secured the closest link of
the basic party organisation with the collective as a whole. In
the enterprise " Ikarus " political life is also greatly developed.
No directives are awaited fromflabove" but work goes on intensively.
Such successes are found in the collectives " Proleter ", " Stevan
Dukic ", Zadrugar " as well as in other enterprises, but particulaNi
rily in a number of larger institutions.
?
And yet,there area number of weaknesses in tne activities
of basic party organisations, which show that they have not turned
their face toward political tasks. This is proved by the following
oecurrences.In a great number of enterprises the work of the syn-
dical organisations is very weak. So for example in " Oktobarska
Sloboda " Sutjeska " and in ' the Industry of Precise Mecha-
nics etc. no syndical conference was held for five months , and in
the menawhile only a few lebtures were organised - in fact succe-
- concerning the Social Plan and economic policy, about ,
some prublems of foreign policy, about the importance of Notetiber
29 etc.
Most of the party organisations occupy tliemselves at their
meetings with internal problems without disCussing the situation .
in the enterprise, institution or school and do not set tasks in
this respect. The meetings are long, unprepared and very often _lle
devoted to discussions concerning personal and other unimportant
matters ( Faculty of Philosophy, Polyclinic of the Firtt Ward, the
enterprise " Nada Stark " and others ). Many of these personal u e,
questions can be solved by the committees and bureaus 62telbasic
party organisations and the organisation itself should be only
informed about it and approve the decision. In doing this, the
bureau must take care to inform the organisation, which will approve
this decision, or.not, because otherwise thereris a dan er that
the bureau might get " independent " and n substitute " the basic
party organisation.
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On account of this very reason there exists amongst a pumber2of
party members a feeling that there is nothing to do.
--,e
While on one side the mgmbers of the Communist Party ' have nothing
and do not know what to do, on the other side however, one meets very
often with misunderstanding of individual measures of oar Government
and tof thelcutPiete line of building socialism ( with the appearance
of particularism during examination of the Social Plan, with tenden-
cies to carefreg-14.eeamong one part of our youth, with appearances
of religiousness and other forms of foreign hostile influenzes and
activities )
Lately in Belgrade - at meetings of al,-st.g party organisations and at
otherconsultative meetings of 6ommunists - it is often spoken
unjustifiably and in an exagrerated manner concerning the the infil-
tration and increase of different foreign, hostile, petty bourgeois
conceptions and influences. However, the very way in which this .
eroblem is discuseed and approached exposes.also the reasons why today,
no doubt, we meet with the existence of these foreign, hostile
influences. These questions should be discussed only in a way as
demanded to prevent and suepress these influences with administrative
measures, but it is not discussed about what political measures the
party organisation should undertake in the struggle against such
conceptions. The fact that in this problem only administrative
measures are seen shows that the Party organisations have not come to
grips withthese different negative appearances, the communists have
not started a decisive Jolitical fi-ht with this decadent petty
bourgeoisie.
In Belgrade, for examele, there is not one collective in which by
lectures or throueh discassions the position of religion was explained,
its essence and role. At the university, in high schools, at
youth meetings and literary -gatherings, etc? one does not discuss
good and bad films and different other problems of culture,
Communists - artists, jurists, economists, engineers, scientific
workers- in general participate little in the clearing ue of
different eroblems and in the struggle a, einst pseudo-Marxist
theories and theoreticians,
Therefore it is not the question of some increase of hostile
influence but about the fact that party organisations are fighting
insufficiently or are not fighting in political activities for the
party line, for our conceetion, for our attitude. In ths, one
meets very often with quite wrong conceptions of our line in the
further deepenin of socialist democracy. So, for example, at a
consultative meeting of the secretaries of basic party organisations
in the Rakovica dibtrict there were concepoions in connection with the
elections of Workers' Councils that the Party organisations should do
nothing in regard to propaganda for individuals and that one should
not stand up by pOlitical activity against: the election of bad,
inactive mon - " because we have democracy and everybody can do what
he wishes",( As if the communists heVe not only the right but also
the task of working politically in order that the best should be
elected.)
When we speak about political work oxie should also point to some
other negative -occurrences. Beforehand the town Party Committee
pointed out that long, unnecessary and fruitleee conferencess were
held and emphasised that it was necessary by way of lectures,
discessions and meetings, debating clubs, etc, to illuminat apd
explain certain problems. In practice, this direcctM t8i!'ea/tT1gt
lately in number of enterprises, institutions and basic organisa-
tions of the PF no conferences or meetings were held for many months
at which actual questions might have been discussed and reacted at
different negative occurrences. One form of eolitical work are
lectures and debatinE clubs, so long as they ere well-oranised.
It is clear that this cannot be the sole means for every day political
activity and struggle of communists.
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The lack of preparation, absence of every propaganda while
organising individual politigal and other meeting, in the carrying
out of individual important tasks, is also a serious problem. From
the extremity, when so to speak professional "messengers" in the
basic organisation of the PF wet from house to house and not only
summoned, but also in their proficiency overdid it, with com-
pulsory presence at every sYnelical Front or other conference wasn
the exclusive? criterion of activity, one has come to the other
extreMity that now even in the most important political meetings
and carrying-out of ?very important problems is effected without
ahy preparation. In preparation for some lecture or for some
action there is a lack in using all propaganda means to raise the
interest, draw the attention, move public opinion and therefore
solid meetings and important actions will not succeed or succeed
only partly.
In connection with these problems is also the question of the
work of the Party members themselves in their own education and
theoretical building. From it result many weaknesses in regard
to the political work of the basic party organisations. The situ-
ation is always' such that a certain number of members of the.CP will
not read sufficiently, do not even follow the daily press, and
are not up-to-date with the most important preee1.2t day:preblemsv
In most of the basic party organisations discussions and struggle
of thought concerning different questions of theory aqd_wactice
do not take place, etc. Even at universities one carphthbers of
the CP who do not _read Borba (at the agronomic faculty of 80 party
members only 10 read Borba regulerly).
Certain objective moments contribute to this that in the work
of Ward Committees a great deal of practicism in executing con-
crete tasks and transmitting directives have been kept. ?In the
first place they are: a great number of basic party organisations
in individual wards; a number of concrete taeke which must yet be
daily executed; the question of how to inform party organisations
concerning some current tasks. All these moments slow down the
strivings of the party leadership to liquidate basic weaknesses in
their method of work, to liberate themselves of narrow pradicism.
In the method of work these basic things lack: the raising of the
Party organisaton, giving perspectives to party members, detailed
explanation of individual problems, exposure of reasons for indivi-
dual occurrences help to accept the Party line, etc. So, for
example, the Ward Committee in Rakovica held-a consultative meeting
with the Secretaries of the basic party organisations about the
question of When elections for the PF will take place and how they
should be technically executed and what should be done concretely,
in regard, to them. Such meetings of the Secretaries of basic
party organisations at which are "carried over" a number of con-
crete tasks, organise still most of the Ward Committees. Or, at
the faculty committees in a set time - from 12 to 2 p.m.
"directives are awaited from the University Committee". One must
say that in this field there are also weaknesses in the work of
the Town Committee from where very often concrete, separate tasks
are set in a patented way which are retrogressive.
However, one should stress that for, quite awhile -
through 1951 - the ?arty leaderships Btadied ar/d.thouAht;jabolit all
these problems and attempts are made eliat all these weaknesses
should be overcome and this will no doubt bring resal'es. Further
it is necessary to fight in a more decisive way for the develop-
ment cf As broad and 3.6.14ied political work and cultural life as
possible.
(Sd.) DRAZA MARKOVIC1
Secretary of the Town
Committee, CP Serbia for
Belgrade.
(BORBA - 16th March, 1952).
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SECOND REGULAR SESSION OF THE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY OF SERBIA--DRAFT LAWS
ON SOCIAL 'LANS OF THE VOJVODINA AND OF 40SOVO-YETOHIJA HAVE BEEN
ADOPTED,
The People's Assembly of Serbia continued its work yesterday.
-The Minister of Finance of SerbialMilorad Zoric,spoke in the
discussion.
First ofall Finance nnister Zoric -said that in the course of
two and a half:months?since the Federal- Government circulated for
public discussion the draft of the Social Plan of the FPRY for 1952--
the agencies of the Government of the PR Serbia,the people's committees
and their agencies had been studying in detail the proportions which
concern the PR Serbia. The draft of the Social Plan. of the FPRY for
1952 have also been studied by the Workers's Councils and working
collectives. This has helped towards making the Social Plan of the
PR Serbia and the proportions of the Social Plan of the FPRY which
concern the PR Serbia.,
Minister Zoric then said that the basic idems of the Social
Plan and its proportions of distribution of national revenue have
been correctly set and that they corresrond to the possibilities and
requirements of future economic and social development of both the
FPRY and the PR Serbia.
In explaining the observations which the Government of the PR
Serbia is making on the draft of the Social Plan of the FPRY,Comrade
Zoric said that,according to the draft of the Social Plan for the
Whole of Yugoslavia thenational revenue for Serbia amounted to a
total of 316)729 million dinars. Estimates have shown that the
economy of Serbia will in 1952 realize 'a national revenue amounting
to 330,000 million dinars, whieh means 14,171 million mo,re. By
subsequent eatimates it has been ascertained that the planned
accumulation ans funds in the proposal of the Soc:al/Flan of the
FPRY can be bigger by 6,204 million dinars;howeirer,despitorthe f
ihcreatelof the total me."Ss of accUmulationItthernts , of
accumulation and of funds has to be reduced from 929% to 92.2%, The
Ebtal Wage &-Salarias,Fund is being Increased Isy 797 million
dinars, although the Wages,and:,Salaries Fund in the state socialist
Wit8EAstPe3rng reduce by 1,532 million dinars. Putther,it.is
?inrease t e.amount of investments by 1,415 million
dinars.
In explaining the proposals of the Observations,Yinister Zoric
said that the basic possibility for the proposed changes in the
national revenue and in the increase of the mass of accumulation
are to be found in the economy itself and in the economic enterprises
and in the great reserves which have existed and which still exist
in the case of the majority of economic enterprises.
The=new system of economy and of management of economy by the
working collectives has reveled huge reserves. Comrade Zoric gave a
iew concrete examples. For _example, the "14th of October"
enterprise in KruseVaC has reduced its expenses on material by 41%
and its expenses ior material itself by 21 million dinars; the working
collective of the flPobeda? enterprise in Novi Sad has reduced the
amount of unnecessary overheads by about 160,and its has particularly
lowered the norms or fabrication; the steel works in Smederevo has
lowered its normatives and will achieve a saving of 51 million dinars,
etc. In giving such examples, Comrade Zoric emphasized that there he
not yet been exhausted all the possibilities 'which exist and that thc-E
possibilities are still considerably greater than the proposed chnageso
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The proposed increase in the funds for investments by 1,415
million dinars does not mean a broadening of the front of investment
projects, nor a new burden in the distribution of national revenue.
The increase partially stems from the fact that some of the projects
were subsequently included in the list of key objectsland previously
were in the Federal Government's investments reserves.
Finance Minister Zone said in conclusion that the Government
of the PR Serbia considers that the proposed observations on the draft
Social Plan of the FPRY for 1952 correspond to both the general
interests ?and possibilities of the federal state and to the possibili-
ties and requirements of Serbia.
Comrade Dusan Bogdanovic then spoke and said that the
discussion on the draft of the Social Plan has great significance
for the consolidation of the working collectives and of the Peasant
Working Cooperatives.
Comrade Yoma Milovanovic also took part in the discussion.
The conclusion of the Economic Plan and Finance Committec,together
with the observations made by the Government of the PR Serbia,was
then unanimously adopted. This will now be forwarded to the Government
of the FPRY.
The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and the Autonomous Region of
Xosovo-Yetohija will independently make their Socia Pnns:
The reporting officer of the Legislation Committee,Ali Sukrija,
then submitted a report of the committee on the draft law on Social
Plans of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and of the Autonomous
Region of Kosovo-Yetohija. Through this proposal are realahing full
autonomous rights the Vojvodina and Kosovo-Metohija,not only in the
cultural and national development of the national minorities living
in these territories,but also in the independent management of
economy by the direct producers--in conformity with the Social Plans
of the PR and of the FPRY. Consequently, the representative bodies
of the Autonomous. Province of Vojvodina and of bhe Autonomous Region
of Kosovo-Nretohija will be making their social plans independently--
in conformity with the obligations which stem from the proportions
of the federal social plar and the social plan.of Serbia. The social
plans of the autonomous units will be expressed through the basic
proportions of.investment projectS,Wages 8c, Salaries Fuhd and the total
amount and basic distribution of the social contribution of all, the
economic organisations on their territories. The social plans of these
units will be submitted to the public for a 15-day discussion. This
clearly illuFtrateS the proper policy of our Government towards our
autonomous. units both in the political and economic development.
As there were no more speakersIthe proposed social plans of
Vojvodina and Kosovo-Metohija were unanimously adopted. The Assembly
then passed the draft Law on Budgets of Vojvodina and of KOSOVO-
Yotohija.
The Assembly then adopted the proposal of the Mandate-
Immunity Committee to accept the resignations of the 'hitherto .
people's deputies Nikola Petrovic and Dragoljub Jovanovic and to
invite their substitutes Zivko Milic and Zivko Randjelovic to take
their places, The Assembly. then elected as judjes of the Supreme
Court Of Serbia Aleksandar Todorovic and Vitomir Vasic.The session
was then concluded.
(BORBA,Yarch 16,1952.)
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IRREDE"TIST ACTIVITY: NT,. 51:1IDERS IT CG7'"CETI1/4 ITH THL
fikFTIc- CF TH DII IF. an "P oF TH FTT
Anew waved' hostile compaign of irredentists, which is
wholeheartedly supported b- cominformists recently filled
columns of anti-Yu-roslav disposed Trieste newspapers. The direct
cause for this campaign is the introduction of the dinar as a
sole legal tender in the Zone "B" by the decision of the
Military Government of the Yugoslav Zone of FTT. It is not
worth citing headlines and extracts from articles and com-
ments of that press, because they, except the usual libels
and imputation of various lies, speak about nothing. Hence
we shall put this aside and deal only with the measure of the
Military Government of the Yugoslav People's Army in the
Zone "B"
The abolition of the lire and.the introduction of the
dinar as the sole legal tender in the Zone "B" of the FTT
and the induction of custom control on the demarkation line
are purely economic measures. If we look retrospectively,
then it will be clear why has the Yugoelav ilitary 7overnment
resorted to this measure. Namely, the co-existence of the
dinar and the lire on the territory of the Zone."B" offered
a possibility - fully exploited - to various elements for
an extensive speculation with goods and money. Abolishing
the. lire as a legal tender in the Zone "B" the Yugoslav
Military government has done what it had to do, because it
was guided by the fact that it should and must protect the,
interests.of this Zone.
When the Peace Treaty 'Tith Itaoy was signed nobody
could foresee that the matters would develop iii. the way
thy aid. On'thC basis of Art. 11 Appendix 7 of the Peace
Treaty, the Italian government WS under the obligation to
supply the FTT with local and foreign currencies, which it
has not been doing. It refused several tines the call of
the Yugoslav r-overnment to fulfill its obligations, deriving
from the Peace Treaty. Meanwhile the needs for a more extensive
circulation of money in the Yugoslav Zone of FTT wore rjsing
and the Military Goverment had not the possibility to procure
from Italy necessary quantities of occueation metro-lire
(money in circulation in Zone "A"Ilneither could hor had a
legal ground to issue new amounts of Yugo-lire (money in
circulation in Zone "B") was the only solution to demand a
loan from Yu',-oslavia to the Yugoslav Zone of FTT in order
to chanFc the Yu-ro-lire into dinars. This is regulated by
the agreement between the llitary Government of tne ucoslav
Zone of FTT and the government of FFRY of July 1, 1949.
By this ern:et-lent the dinar in the Yu oslav Zone of FTT has
been introduced as a legal tender while thc lire was still
valid.
This was in fact only a temporary solution, which could
no longer last without harmfully reflecting on the economic
development of the Zone. That is why such a maasurc was under-
taken by the Yugoslav Military Government. As the Zone '131
is not-able for an independent econoolic development, it was.ne-
cossary for'itto rely upon Yugoslavia and to preynt continuous
speculations with lire and Ainar, and alongsin"this to under-
tal-c corresnondine? measures of control on the demarkation line.
Beside this the ieilitary -everament of the Yu-Oslav Zone
of FTT was compeied to undertake this step by the agreement
concluded between. the Anglo-American M.litary government of
FTT and the Italian government of March 9, 1948 in Rome,
known under the name "modus vivendi". The inclusion of the
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Zone "A" into the Italian custom and monetary area was
completed by this agreement, abolishing free foreign
trade of the Zone "A", b ? which it lost its economic and,
financial independence. At thc same time this was one of
the most flagrant violations of the Peace Treaty. The
practice of obstructing normal eLonomic relations between.
the Zone "A" end "B" is continued. The measures of the
Military government of the Anglo-American Zone of FTT arc
restricting the trade' between two Zones which greatly
affected the Zone "B" to be in such .a position in which
the only solution was to rely economically upon Yugoslavia.
Making Use of this new measure in the Zone "B" 'for new
anti-Yugoslav campaign, the Italian and Trieste irredentist
press blindly passes over its roots and does not want to
distinguish the causes from the consequences. It is a noto-
rious fact that the Zone "B" is brought in vety'difficult
econo,lic position due to the fault of the Italian 'government.
Finally, this hullabaloo of the irredentist pres seems to.
contain the regret for those times when Various ,speculators
from Itlay and Trieste were doing what they wished in the
Yugoslav Zone of FTT..
(Sd.) J.S.
(BORBL - 17 March, 192)
NEW ORTHOGRA7IY :JILL BE ISSILAD JOON: INTERVIEW ,WITH. Dr.?
ALEKASANDAR BELIC, :PRESIDENT OF SERBIAN ACADEMY .GF SCIENCE
The correspondent of Borba Cedo Kisic visited Dr. Aleksandar
Belic, the President of the Serbian Academy of Science asking
him to answer few questions from the field of our literary
language.
- A great deal has been said about the language and style
in our newspapers and the press in 7eneral, daily and periodical.
You surely follow the characteristic linguistic changes. It
Juld undoubtedly be useful ifyou as an expert would expre8s
your opinion on methods of cultivating a Food and pure language
in our press.
-The language in our press varies: from ,a good language
and style to ambigious style and bad language there are in-
numerable shades. Everywhere in the world a good language
and a good style is cultivated, and it must be cultivated
with us too. Of course, in the first place secondary schools
must assist in this, and if they do not do this, then each
individual must takel care to enlarge his culture in this
direction. In a modern press there is a certain refreshment
coming from new men who are devoted to this activity, but there
are. also neglects both to the style and to language. This
refers to newspaper correspondents as well as to men of pen
(writers, scientists and other public workers), but for the
journalists, whose word is sometimes read every day in many
hundred thousands copes, it is indispensible to develop in
themselves the ability of clear and harmonious expressing
of their texts and corre'ct and vivid language. In any case,
while tne newspaper correspon(Wits do not acquire those
qualities, all _of them to'geth newspapers with great circulation,
should employ temporarily, instead of crdinnry correctors, those
who master the language, covering all columns, and who wtuld.
take care about the correctness of the languageand style.
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- 20
- What would you recommend for the improvement of language
tuition and literature in our secondary schools, as well as
for improving the literary composition of our pupils in general?
- It is difficult to answer this question in a.few sentences.
Our institutions are already solving this for years, nevertheless
it is not an easy thing because the secondary schools are part
of the entire culture of a nation. To my opinion,which I keep
since long time ago, the literary language can be learnt only
on literary composition, by a wise and thcvough linguistic and
literary analysis of that composition. That work has to become
the most interesting and the dearest part of pupil's work ? in
schools, because imithisrayl.the pupils would come to complete
the itno,WIed.ge- of that which hitherto was lying hidden in them-
selves. In scientific.6..erms that could be called learning
the language not in a formalistic way,. but by its essence,-.
according to all basic linguistic properties. Beside this, the
children's vocabulary in secondary schools has to be considerably
enlarged and enriched by new material which is -being less
used in the spoken town language, but lies buritd in literary
works and dictionaries. This requires not only a substancial
n?form in the tuition of the literary language in secondary
schools-but a r-reater 'attention to the literary language in
general, and after it in high schools. One of the main
questions in principle is to give the cultivation of the.
7;14er/
language a central position..in secondary -schools. Here Ida
to'the making literary composition which ca'a be acquired
only by practice, correct instructions and by correcting.
- Lack of modern orthography of our language is felt
everywhere: in schools, in-the press and in general in cultural
communication'. There aremany non-uniformities and many
individual opinions on various ortbographical problems, so
that certain manifestations took a more free course than they
should take.
- The public knows that you are preparing a new orthography.
With what ideas were you guided in its creation and finally
1-hen is it expecited f6 be published?
- As to the question of orthography I can answer very
briefly. It will be soon in the hands of readers. Only owing
to my personal preoccupation on many sides it could be explained
that its appearence was so long awaited.. . ,This edition will .
be only logical continuation of our present orthographical
principles. . The intention of it .was to simplify as. much .as
possible our orthography, because teine: phonetic. (that is to.
write as one speaks) our orthography. is one of the most perfect
in the world,.andothere is no reason, -.for various technical
Questions to make it: comPound and ..cifficul:t to Master. .We
are standing firmly to Vuk Karadzia's -principles and have not
tackled it those new features in. the development of Vuk's
system which our science already.' accepted and recOgnized
it as ceI-tain achievements' Wberiver some enlargements of the
present material was needed this. has been done. Certain
corrections in the systel of punctuation were undertaken.
The dictionary has been-enlarged.and accentuated wholly,
- Three years ago, as far as we remeber, you said once.
that the Institute for Serbian langt-;age prepares an extensive
dictionary?cf.the Serbian lanc,uage. ?ThiS dictionary is bein7
eagerly awaited, and recently little,has beenspoken about it
as well as-how far the work advanded. in the Institute. Would
you like to tell what is your conception of the dictionary and
in which rhase of preoarration it is now.
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- You are rintt to be interertPd in the big dictionary
of the Academy which is under serious work, because this is
one of the greater undertakinrrs of the Academy. Such a great
part of the dictionary has been elaborated thatatleast two
big books could be filled with the material, each being at least
as big as Vuk's dictionary. The reason for not having published
it yet is beside great difficulties which have prevented us -
this is due to the complexity of the business in wordin,,,and
technical arrangements of the book so as to serve as an exarnple for
all other books. Our strivings are to have the book out in
the shortest time Possible. The richness of our lanc:uGre is
enormous. This dictionary of the contemporary literary language
has, in the first place, to embrace, i.e. to be descriptive
dictionary of all the lin7uistic material which our collaborators
could collect from the books of Serbo-Croat literature of the
19th and 20th century. So it will serve not only to the mastering of
the conte=orary literary lam-uage but to the development of
innumerable scientific studies on our contemporary language.
In the same way as haradzic inserted in his dictionary common
words from various parts of our country, so in this dictionary
will enter common words with which our Academy disposes. The
Academy has in the course of time collected a great number of
words in current use with our people and the Academy will make
use of them in this dictionary. So the occasion will be offered
?to writers and other public workers to refresh, incase of need,
their vo.7,abulary with words that are not used in the literary
language. The dictionary will have, as far as we can see now,
10-12 volumes (each of 800 pages)
(BORBA - March 16,1952)
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FIFTH GROUP OF GREEK CHILDREN TRAVEL TO .THEIR PARENTS
TIT-L7grc.de, 16th March)
Eighty-four refugee Greek children left Belgrade this morning for
Greece. This is the fifth group of children from Greece who have been
restored to their parents. Their departure was arranged by the Yugo-
slav Red Cross.
The handing oVer of the children to a special commission took place
in Belgrade on 13th and 14th Tarch. The commission consisted of
delegates of the International Red Cross, Swedish Red Cross and Greek
Red Cross. Olga Pilojevic, General Secretary of the Central Committee
of the Yugoslav Red Cross, and' Nada Sevic, also membs;r of the Central
Committee who will escort the children as far as the frontier,
represented the Yuo;oslav Red Cross at the handing )vor of the children
to the commission.
(LORBA - 17th Nnrch, 1952)
SAVINGS BANK OF A'.1RICULTURAL COOPERATIVES WILL BE OPENED SHORTLY.
The Central Cooperative Federation of the FRFY announces that preparations'
are on hand for the creation of a Savings Bank of general agricultural coopera-
tives. The decision concerning the opening of these banks was brought at the Ple-
num of the Federation and the draft raleg$ about its activities have been already
elaborated. The proposed rules are now being examined by experts and it is believed
that this work will be soon completed.
Lately a need was felt for etrenghtenimls_anddeveloping cooperative saving 0
Agricultural cooperatives in our country dispose, according to existing data with
about 150 million dinars savings of their members. This is a very small sum, be-
cause the cooperatives in our country have a membership of 3,500.000 .In other
words this means that every tenth cooperative member participates in saving and
with a small sum at that.
The new agricultural cooperative banks will be most probably independent
sections of the general agricultural cooperative farms and will have their Executive
and Supervisory Committees. The agricultural cooperatives will be able get the
necessary credits for covering immediate needs. ( Tanjug ).
( POLITIKAI-Narch 16 1952 ).
STATEMENT BY TANJUG CONCERNING new incident on Yugoslav- Albanian border.
At 5,20 p.m. on March 17 in the frontier region, 1,1 km.north of the village
Sukodin, loo meters north from the place where yugoslav frontier guard Slobodan
Radosavljevic was wounded on March 15, three unkonown persons 2oo meters deep in
Yugoslav territory from the frontier line came upon a yugoslav frontier patrol
cons isting of two border guards. The yugoslav patrol opened fire at the above men-
tioned persons killing one 1 while the othersescaped over the border under cover of
their own fire. The killed person was in albanian uniform. The identity has not been
established because no documents where found on the body. The killed person had a
german rifle with loo rounds of ammunition and an english hand grenade.
( ORBA, March 18, 1952 ).
DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS SET UP BETWEEN YUGOSLAVIA AND ETHIOPIA.
By an exchange of Notes between Yugoslav Legation and Ethiopian Embassy in Cairo
on March 4, normal diplomatic relations have been este blished between the two coun-
tries. The two governments have agreed to exchange diplomatic missions with Lega-
tion rank . ( Tanjug ) .
( BORBA p March 18, 1952 ).
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PTTT7ST OF WORKERS FRM ISOLA AGAINS'T THE IRREDUTIST CAY-AIGN
Tapodistria, March 17)
Today over 500 workers and, employees of the tinned fish
factory "Ex AMpelea" at Isola energetically protested against
the campaign of irredentist circles in Trieste end Italy,
directed aFainst the working. man of the Istrian county and
their revolutionary achivements.-At the annual'meeting of
the Syndicate of this enterprise, among others, spoke the
president of the Coanty People's Committee,Julij Beltram.
Speaking about the true causas of the latest attacks of the
Trieste irredentists, cominformists and clero-fascists in
the Yugoslav Zone of FTT Beitram said that they wish to
deprive the working peo-le of the YugoSlav Zone of the
achievements of the people's revolution and to conceal their
reactionary. policy in Trieste and Italy. He added that this
campaign was led by the well known fascist Bishop Santin who
directs the entire campaign.
At the end, the president of the County People's
Committee stressed that the fact that representatives of
irredenta receive - support from official representatives in
Trieste is highly condemnable.
From the meeting the workers sent a resolution to the
Minister of Foreign Affairs of FPRY Edvard Kardelj, in which
they ask that the Yugoslav government undertakes steps against
this campaign of lies and hostilities, which the Italian
irredentists conduct arainst the population of the Yugoslav
Zone of FTT, and at the sae time against the people of
Yugoslavia.
(BORBA,- March 18, 1952)
"SOCA" A3OUT DEMON-TTIC1', IN VErETIA "dULIA
Tfforizia, 17 March - Tanjui7)--
Commenting the sentence of the court at Cedad, by which
women from the municipality of Srednja in Venetia Giulia in
It'aly were acquitted for demonstrating in front of the
building of the municipal office, demanding the authority
to fulfil the pledge and to build up a road, the newspaper
Soca organ of the )emocratic Front of Slovenes in Italy,,
writes that the case with these women is not an isolated
manifestation. The newspaper emphasizes that women from
Resia, Tajpani, Breg and other places were also protesting
against the authority for not keeping their promise.
(BORBA - March 18, 1952)
YUGOSLAV AMBASSADOR IVEKOVIC :RRIVES IN TJ:RA,IN
(Bonn, March 17 - Tanjug)
The Yugoslav Ambassador to Western Germany Dr. Malden
Ivekovic, arrived in Berlin yesterday. Today the Ambassador
Tvekovic visited the Mayor of Western Berlin Ernest Reuter
and spent half an hour in convers-tions d.-th him.
(BORBA - March 18, 1952)
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RECIPTICM I YU-GSLAV -KBASSY IN LONDON IN HONOUR CF YUGCSIV
JOI=LIGTS
(London, 17 March)
This evening a reception was held in the Yw.cslav Embassy
in London in honour of the delegation of Yu ?slay journalists
who are visiting Great Britain.
Present at the reception were officials of the British
Foreign Office, representatives of various British ministries,
a large number of members of Parliament of all parties, repre-
sentatives of cultural and public institutions and many Eritish
journalists.
(BCRB - 18 March, 1952)
REPRESEFTATIVE OF TT. BRITISH M.G.H. I B 1GRADE
Upon the invitation of the Council for People's Health
and Social Policy, there arrived in Belgrade yesterday a
representative of the British Ministry of Health, Miss Lawson,
who, in the course of a three weeks' stay, will talk with
officials of our health services on the orranisation an.: the
work of the central medical schools. They will exchange
experiences for the sake of planning the Most effective
programme and methods of work in their schools. Miss Lawson ?
will visit schools for nurses and hospitals in Sabac, Skoplje,
Zagreb and Ljubljana. (Tanjug)
(BORBA - 18 March, 1952)
SENTE7CING OF W,:iR-CRIINAL RADEMACHER
..(Nurnberg, 17 March)
.Today the German Court in Nurnberg sentenced the war-
criminal Rademacher to 3 years and 5 months -imprisonment.
Rademacher was responsible in the Nazi Ministry of Foreign
Affairs for the Jewish question, The main accusations
against him accordin7 to calculations made at the trial -
included his responsibility for the deportation of 80,000
Jews from Rumania and at least 108,000 from France, Belgium
and Holland, to concentration camp of Auschwitz, where a great
many of them were. gassed to death, as well as the murder of
1,500 Jews in Belgrade, to, which Be Contributed -and gave
authority. Rademacher was sentenced for assisting and complicity
in the murder of Jews in Belgrade, but h? was acquitted of the
other charges.
The Prosecutor in the trial requested that Rademacher
should be sentenced to life imprisonment. (Reuter)
(DCaBA - 18 March, 1952)
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SUMMARY OF THE YUCIOSLAV PRESS
INDEX 1st April, 1952.
P.1. Headlines of Borba of the 1st April
P.2. Headlines of Borba Continued
Headlines of 767Tib1ika of the 1st April
P.3. Headlines from the provincial press
FROM THE OFICIAL GAZETTE OF THE FRY OF THE 22ND AND 26TH MARCH
P.4. Special fees for hotel lodgings
FROM BORBA OF THE 27TH MARCH
P.5. How to stop the anarchist development of liEht music
FROM BORBA OF THE 30TH MARCH
P.7. Fifth regular session of the People's Assembly continued:
speeches on Trieste by Ivan Regent, Dusan Diminic, Velibor
Ljujic, Just? Masaroti, Rade Privicevic and Jisop Sestan
P.14. Fifth session of the People's Assembly: speech by Vidoje
Smilevski on Macedonian economy
FROM BORBA OF THE 31ST MARCH
P.13. The power of po)ular protest (Editorial)
P.14. Assembly of returned emigrants
P.15. Authorities in Italy refuse to re-open Blovene schools in
Krmin
Policy of denationalisation forces thousands of Slovenes to
emigrate from Italy
.1,
P.16. Co-ordination Committee for Defence of Trieste sends cesolution
to Foreipm Office and State Department
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 31ST MARCH
*
P.11, Our unity (Editorial)
FROM BORBA OF THE 16T APRIL
P.12. Marshal Tito receives delegation of French Socialist Party
Text of resolution of People's Assembly about Trieste
P.17. Marshal Tito addresses the PA of the F2RY on the subject of
Trieste
P.24. An answer on behalf of the people (Editorial -about Trieste)
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HEADLINES
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BORBA 1st April, 1952
P.1. MARSHL TITOALJRESSES THE PA OF THE FPRY ON THE SUBJECT
OF TLILSTE: "NO SOLUTION ABOUT TRIESTh IS 20SSIBEE
WITHOUT OUR PARTICIPATION AND CONSENT
TEXT OF' RESOLUTION OF PEOPLE'S ASSEI4BLY ABOUT TRIESTE
AN ANS,TEA ON 3EL,.LF OF THE PEOPLE (Editorial)
Strong protest from Yugoslav public opinion: The people
unitts.in.emonstrctions throughout the country: the
demonstrators protest with energy against the decision
of the Western Powers and the irredentist campaign from
Rome: more than 200 thosand people again demonstrate in
the streets of Belgrade
P.2. Political and ideoligical-educational work of local party
organizations
In Rijeka, a busy industrial centre, more can be done
Various kinds of work in the Gracanica clistrict
Federation of architects holds
annual assembly
I4eeting of former internees
Letters to the editor
RE2EY TO THE LETTER "HOW THEY FEEL ABOUT US AND WE
FTZL ABOUT THEm (See Bulletin No. 752 of the 27th
of 1.1areh)
Ivorking people want well prepared lectures
Better methods needed in the education of our young
people
P.3. MARSHAL TITO 16.,CEIVEJ DELEGATION OF F2ENCH SOCIALI2T PARTY!
Marshal Tito visits Smederevo
Protest telegrams arrive constantly at the PA from all
parts of the country
P.4.
FITH REGULAR SESSIOKOF_THE,PA OF THE FPRY: SOCIAL PLAN,
FEDRAL BUDG11;T AND OTHER DRAFT LAS ACCEPTE1: TODAY BEGIN3
A DISCUSSION OF THE BILE ABOUT. PEO -LETS C0i,LITTEES
SPELCUES BY KOLNEN CER0VIC,1JHA iitINKO,JANEZ VIPOTNIK,
FRAN FROL.
Great economies in the soda factory at Lukovac
Annual assembly of agricultural specialists of B & H:
insufficiently favourable conditions for the developMent
Zoffruit farming and .stock raising (Report from Sarajevo'
8 million dinars for herb production (Report from Niksic)
P.5. India newspaper on Yugoslavia
.*
London Conference postponed till Thursday (Report from
Dusan Popovic)
US press on Trumans decision not to stand for the e-ection
Negotiations in Pam kun Join: new proposal by Chinese-North
Korean delegation
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P.5. Bevan on diverLence tendency within Labour ?arty
-Jifficulties over the formation of the new Tunisian
government
Social democratic party has most votes in the elections
in Bavaria up to now
P.7. Production of a special kind of powdered milk
ILTUBLIKA
P.1. Fifth regular session of the PA (1-Aitoria1)
Federal budget for 1952 (Lditorial)
No solution without Yugoslavia"
Yugoslav cultural-educational centres: No.16 Trieste
P.3. Questions ?of the day:social evidence: the new functions
of the National Bank
****;:i4:*
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sLovaisn POROCEVAIM
March 28, 1952.
Statement by the Slovene Minister Janez Vipotnik on this yearts
capital investments in Slovenia.
Latest proposals concerning the new administrative-territorial
division of PR Slovenia.
March 29, 1952.
P.1. Purges in, the party organization of miners in Trbolje and Hrastnik.
March 30, 1952.
P.4* Over 500,000,000 dinars allocated for the construction of ports.
Petroleum wells discovered in Montenegro.
P.S. AnotRer report on the clergyman Dr. Jancic.
March 26, 1952.
P.2. Review of documents concerning the armed struggle waged by the
Macedonian people.
F.3. Results of spring sowing in Macedonia.
March 27, 1952.
March 29, 1952.
P.S. Reasons for a decay of silworm breeding in the district of Strumica.
-*
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SPECIAL FEES FOR LODGINGS IN CATERING ENTRPRISES
(152) On the basis of Article 1, paragraph 2 of the Decision setting up
special fees for lodgings in catering, No. 744 of March 5, 1952, in
agreement with the President of the Federal Council for the Turnover of
Goods, I issue
A DECISION
DETERMINING THE PERCENTAGE FOR CALCULATING THE SPECIAL FEES
FOR LODGINGS IN CATERING ENTERPRISES
14 Catering shops for lodgings (hotels, etc.) as well as private
persons who offer lodgings for rent will charge a special fee of
200 percent of the market rrice of catering lodging services.
The Director of the Chief Administretion of Tpurism and Catering
of the Government of the FFRY can, in special larger arrangements,
reduce the fee for lodgings under the preceding paragraph to 100 percent,
2. This decision will be applied as of the day it arrears in the
Official Gazette of the FFRY.
No, 6231
Belgrade, March 22, 1952 Minister of Finance of the FFRY
/s/ Milentije Porovic
President of the Federal Council
for the Turnover of Goods
/s/ Osman Karaberovic
EXEMPTIONS FROM THE PAYFELT OF 3P2C1AL FEES FOR LODGINGS IN CATERING SHOPS
(153) On the basis of Article 2 of the Decisions setting up special fees
for lodgings in catering, No. 744 of March 5, 1952 and with the approval
of the President of the Economic Council of the FFRY, I issue
A DECISION
ON EXEMPTIONS FROM THE PAYPENT OF SPECIAL FEES FOR LODGINGS
IN CATERING SHOPS
1. The following persons are exempt from paying the special fees for
lodgings:
a. Workers, clerks, employees employed in offices, institutions
and economic enterprises; members of the Yugoslav Army and Militia;
b. Members of peasant working cooperatives and general agricultural
cooperatives;
c. Students and pupils of intermediate, vocational and lower
schools;
d. Members of the Yugoslav Labour Federation and the Trade Unions
of the FTT
7
e. Members of lawyers, crafs and other chambers as well as
members of sports, tourist and other clubs ani secties;
f. Pensioners and invalids;
g. Foreigners employed in institutions and economic enterprises;
h. Foreigners with permanent residence in the FPRY but who are not
employees of foreign representations.
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Aside from the persons mentioned above, members of their families
weals() exempt from paying the special fees.
2. The Director of the Chief Administration for Tourism and Catering of
the FPRY is authorized to give further information for the enactment of
this decision.
3. This decision is effective as of the day itTpears in the Official
Gazette of the FPRY.
No. 6232
Belgrade, March 22, 1952
Minister of Finance of the FPRY
Milentije Popovic
Approved
Minister in the Government of the
FFRY, President of Econemic Council
/s/ Boris Kidric .
(OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF THE FPRY No. 15-
277177T-ch, 1952)
HOW TO STOP THE ANARCHIST DEVELOPI,ITT OF ENTMAINYENT PTUSIC
It is a good thing that the question of the unhealthy occurrence of
dance music has been brought up in the press. The wrong conceptions
about democracy, which the 'lloafers" in all sections have ,grasped in a
"loafer's" way, are being forced out into the open, and the smuggling
of things from the past, which are- introduced into our lives by the
enemies of our progress, is also being revealed. This can be seen in
the plan of dance and entertainment music which represents a much
greater cultural and educational problem than we ordinarily think it
does.
The field of entertainment and dance music, which is poorly fostered
and managed by us and unsatisfactorily supervised, has become a fruitful
field for degenerate enjoyment of all kinds.
This kind of neglect by Y'rofessional musicians of "serious" music is
one of the causes for this. To create their local entertainment music
library is as big a job as creating a library of serious music. It is
also a question of cadres and time. So, if we want a quick solution to
this, we must seek it in a different place.
Entertainment and dance music have a long tradition, just as music
in general. Ind the style of entertainment and dance music whi,ch
attracts every personwas formed in society in the middle of the 19th
Centry. It is beautiful and of good quality, both in the realm of
operettas, independent dance music and in all siel-r forms. Therefore,
the source is not meager or poor, but it must be utilized in a proper
and organized way.
Jazz music, a mixture of nervous "motorized" rhythm and rich rhythmic
passages of original negro music, a mixture of distorted modern melodies
and original negro melodies (many times ritual melodies), represents in
its best known realizations a certain artistic ouality--only when the
composer and the reproducing artist are talented and masters of their
profession.
But much of that which is being "sold" at our dances as jazz and
dance music is primitivism and ignorance in its darkest form and in the
worst sense of the word. This is customary fooling of the public; of
ignorant and uneducated amateurs cheating the public.
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On the other hand, this is a constant.and persistent supporting
of the ignorance by the dancers for whom such music does not develop
any sense of dancing. And so ignorance is being ideally supplemented
from both sides; the "musicians" play what the "dancers" "knew", and
the "dancers" "c'-ece" to what these "musicians" "know". Both parties
are concealing themselves behind the "ori-;inality" of jazz, and
probably mither of them have any idea of true original jazz music,
not to meLLion moderate dance music. (I am convinced that if at such
a 'loafers'" dance they demanded serious dancing, the "musicians" and
"dancers" would find themselves in a predicament.)
What would be the quickest way to get rid of this condition? I
think it is necess,,ry to devote attention to the fostering of healthy
and qualitative entertainment and dance music, even on an extensive
basis which would include the qualitative realization of jazz music.
Here we have a number of fields of activity which are interdependently
making it possible to know the qualitative works of this kind of music,
to improve the quality of music ensembles, to provide the necessary
libraries and finally to engage professional musicians to give advice
in all of these fields. I believe that our radio stations can play a
very important role in this by revising their entertainment and -lance
music.
And the musicians--I am thinking about the exponents of serious
music--should comprehend one thing: if they do not extend constant
aid to this phase of music, then they endanger the general situation
of educating the muscal public. If dance music is rejected as apriori,
as something totally unworthy of the musician's attention, it will
continue to be blindly, "wildly" and anarchisticly developed in its
worst forms, to a point where it will poison public taste beyond cure.
Therefore, no matter how unusual it may seem, the people should
be educated in entertainment music. I think that the attempt of the
City Committee of the People's Youth of Serbia to develop interest
for qualitative entertainment and dance music through evenings of
opera music is completely in order and represents a contributien to
the struggle against so many extensively damaging and unhealthy
occurrences in the field of entertainment and dance music;
occurrences which, as I said before, are the results of the wrong
conception of democracy. /s/ N. Hercigonja
(BORBA - 27th March, 1952)
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FIFTH REGULAR SESSION OF THE PA OF TIE FPRY (contd. from yesterday)
Speech by Ivan Regent: "We must be energetic on the question of
Trieste". .
The next speaker was Ivan Regent who spoke about the question
of the Free Territory of Trieste.
'Regent said that he did not fully agree with the statement
given by Leo Mates and dimanded that a firmer and sharper attitude
be assumed in connection with the FTT.
"The Italian fascists should be reminded not to forget what
they did to the Croat and Slovene people in that territory during
the last war.
"We shall never forget that there is being created on our
borders a force which is publicly saying that it will Maybe tomorrow
attack our country and take away from us Venezia. Giulia and
possibly also Damatia. and Ljubljana. By victory over fasc:Lsm in the
last war, we have closed for ever the road of the expahsionist policy
of the Vatican and of the Italian chauvinist and nationalist elements.
"I am of the opinionlin view of what is today happening in
Trieste and in Italy and in view of the fact that a London conference
is being prepared to which Italy will be invited, that this
conference cannot be held without Yflgo"F.7avia. For this reason we must
be most energetic towards our neigur,italy,who cannot grasp the
idea that our peoples are free and V.:tat they will never al_ow anyone
to enslave them--not even the Ita:Aan fascists."
During his speech, Ivan Regent was often interrupted by cheers
from the people's deputies.
*****
2222.21.12y...22.221.2LE..ataiLy_DLIfth_21minic: "By persecuting our national
minoriTies,Italy is acquiring a poor
qualification for UN membership."
People's deputy Dusan DiminiC spoke about the Same problem.
"By the Peace Treaty, some of our people were left under -
Italyiand behold now Italy,a country of 45 million inhabitants,is,
accerding to what the Italian powerholders say,afraid of these few
tens of thousands of Slovenes) and for this reason she is depriving
them of their mother tongue and of their schools; and is also
persecuting them in all possible way S and doing all those things, on
which you are well informed. This is the way in Which a nation. like
Italy is getting qualification for UN membership I
"Italy is now on the eve of elections. It has somehow become
a'hLbit of giving various promises on the eve of elections. .promises
naturally at someone else's expense. In my opinion, just now on ,the
eve of the Italian elections it should be clear that all those,
decisions which are being made without us are untenable: We people's
deputies from the newly-liberated areas are supporting the stand of
OUT -Government which on every occasion has tried to do everything
possible and impossible in ,order thaV an agreement be reached. We
also desire this agreementv.. We desire this agreement also for the
reasoh that we know that a large majority of the Italian people wishes
to live in peace and to develop its country. However,I deem it
necessary' and I expect that our Govrnment will in the future too
say' Yes,an agreement but not a-dictate."
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Speech by people's deputy Velibor Lju,lic: "If they have forgotten the
past,we have not".
"We consider that the Italian Government bears full
responsibility for these happenings,and it shows that it is not
approaching the question of solving this problem in a sincere and
constructive way and is resorting to the same tricks and methods
whichits,nredecessDr3 use.methJds of noise and creating confusion
in the world. Our official representatives have stated with full
right that they cannot and never All recognize the Tripartite
Declaration which was made without the knowledge and participation
of our country. The Tripartite Declaration cannot be the basis for
any negotiations because it is essentially unjust,because it asks
that the entire Free Territory of Trieste be incorporated into Italy.
Perhaps the Italian imperialists reckon that that which happened after
the First World War will be repeated now. As we all know, Italy got
then our Istria,the Venezia GiulialRijeka,Zadar and other places as
a reward for the role she played in the First World War,and probably
she reckons that she will get something more for the role she played
in the last war. We see this from the slogans and from all the noise
which today is going on in Italy,
"One can see from everything that the Italians have not learned
anything from history. As though nothing had changed since the
First World War ! It appears that they have already forgotten the
things that happened in the recent past. However,if they have forgotten,
we have not."
Statement by people's deputy Justo Masaroti: "The Italians from
Yugoslavia say 'NO' to Rome."
Amidst great cheers,people's deputy Justo Masaroti took the
floor and spoke in Italian.
"Allow me please to express at this place the apinion of the
Italians who are living in the fres'Yugoslavia.
"That what is today happening in Italy is not accidental;it
is the result of the process going on over there for a long time...
the process of development of fascism. The same men and the same
organisations,the press,the radio etc.ore not today shouting:"Nice,
Savoy,AlbanialAbyssinia,Balkan",but instead are shouting:"Trieste,
Istria" and so on. De Gasperi's Italy is today conducting the same
policy as Mussolini did in his days and is applying the same forms.
Today there is no longer a Rome-Berlin Axis,but the axis has been
extended from Rome to Moscow.
"We should reply from this place that the Italian government
will encounter also the Italians living in Yugoslavia who will say
'NO' to everyattempt to threaten our country."
Speech by people's deputy Rade Pribicevic: "Imperialistic appetites."
Rade Pribicevic first af all spoke about the earlier
persecution of the Slovenes and Croats in Italy,uld then said in part:
"We today see ?the work of the Italian fascists,pro-fascists,
reactionaries and whatever you want to call those whose appetites
go much farther than Trieste. Trieste is only the beginning phase
of the "Mare Nostrum" policy.
*****
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1Reech by People's Deputy Sefket Maglajlic on Steel Production
In speaking about the aqtiveness of the working collectives in
the discussion of the Social Plan, Comrale Maglajlic mentioned the
examples of the?E-enica Steel Works in which 200 workers' proposals
out of 600 were'adopted, the lumber industry. combine in Zabidovici
which adopted 56 proposals and the cellulose factory which adopted
186 out of a total of'110 workers-, proposals
"In all of the enterprises, prOduction expenses were reduced
compatned'to last year. Expenses in forest exploitation were reduced
by 900 million dinars, in cellulose production by 127 million ,and in
the steel works in Vares by 94 million, etc.
If we summarized these results, although they are not, final for
the discussion is still going on, we cant say that our industry will
realize an increase in accumulations by over a billion dinars.
The proposed Social Plan fully. expresses the correct policy of
the Federal Government in developing the productive forces of. the
backward republics. This specifically relates to Bosnia and Hercego-
vina which is, to day, the centre of development in the realm of the
Social Plan. The size. of the investment building clearly speaks about
this. With the planned investment of 36 billion 675 million dinars,
B&H is participating by 25 percentAn the ?total investments, 34.6 per
cent of their awn national revenue is earmarked for investments while
in the FPRY 16.7 per cent of the national revenue is scheduled for
investments.
During the course of the year, it ,is.expected that the biggest
part of all the key objects will be completed, In electro-economy the
thermo-electric power plant in Banovici is being put into operation
and the thermo-electric plant in Zenica is being expanded. In the
coming year the first section of the hydro-electric power plants in
Jablanica, Jajce and Una will be put into operation. At the end of
this year assembly work will start on these plants'.
During 1952 the Lukavac Coke Works will be given a trial opera-
tion, and in 1953 a part of the Zenica Coke dorks will be tested. The
total capacity of the coke works will amount to '675,000 tons of
metallurgical coke and the value of the production will amount to about
12 billion dinarS.
. So far over 20 billion dinars have been invested in exppnrling and
bui1din7 the Zenica teel orks and for 1952 another 10 billion is
predicted. With the final completion of the steel works, a production
of 400,000 tons of pig iron, 550,000 tons of cast ted, 30,000 tons of
electro-steel, 220,000 tons of rolled products and 50,000 tons of heavy
fer.rgings will be realized. The total value of the production of our
latrgest industrial combine will amount to over 102 billion dinars by
the end of 1954, or nearly the same as the 1952 botal value of
irrdustrial production in B&H.
With the final completion of these and other otjects iffiqich should
take place between 1952-54, the value of the industrial production of
BUJ will be increased by 131 million dinars or 123 per cent of the value
of the industrial production of 1952"
In concluSion,Taglajlic presented?-he draft of the budgetexpenses
f?r" 1952 in BoSnia and Hercegovina.
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Speech by people's deputy Josip Sestan: "I knife cannot be stuck
- in our back".
People's deputy Josip Sestan spoke about the revival of the
fascist concepts an appetites in Italy,and said in part:
"Duce and Duce followers areralaing their heads again.It is
not ace iental that they are appearing on the stage. They are not
appearing without the knowledge of the masters from the Seven Hills.
All this is happening by their will; all this is happening with their
support.
"My Comrades,who are those men who are today shouting:'We want
TriestelIstria and Dalmatia', and so on? Who is that pack, that
remnant of the lean she-wolf from the Seven Hills, that remnant of
the hairless and skinny St. Marks lion? They are the same men and
the same pack who some years ago shouted, rge want Malta, we want
Benghasi, we want Nice, Savoy, etc.' It is strange that these cries
have not gone over to the other side of the Atlantic, saying, .'We
want Chicago, we want New York, etc.' because Italians live in those
cities also. (laughter in the Assembly) Had Duce's idea lived a few
years longer, we surely would have heard such cries.
"We have learned from history that they, whenever their
neighbors are in trouble, resort to a brigand's method: a knife in
the back. Now they think that we are in such a situation, and so
they say, 'Now let's go, a knife in the back.' However, we are
vigilantly alert, we are alertly following what is happening, and
as in the War of National Liberation we today will not allow anyone
to knife us in the back."
(BORBA - 30th March, 1952)
COMRADE MOSA PIJADE GAVE A LUNCHEON IN HONOUR OF THE DELEGMON OF
THE SOCILLIST PART/. OF FRANCE
Comrade Mose Pijade, Vice President of the Praesidium of the
People's Assembly of the FPRY, gave a luncheon today in honour of
the French Socialist Party Delegation. Comrade Vladimir Simic,
Milentije Popovic, Majalko Todorovic, Dobrivoje Radoslavljevic and
Vladimir Dedijer were present.
The French Ambassador, Philippe Baudet, was also present at the
luncheon.
(BORBA - 31st March, 1952)
PRRATIONS FOR REPATRIATION OF ANOTHER GROUP OF GREEK CHILDREN FROM
SLIVIA ARE BEING MADE
t are
The last group of 175 Greek children left today the Children's
Home in Crikvenica where they had been staying for two months. The
children left for Bela Crkva from where they will be sent to their
parents*
From 1948 over 2000 children from Greece have been staying in
the Children's Home in Crikvenica. Those children have had their own
elementary school and subjects were taught to them in their mother
tongue. (Tanjug)
(BORBA - 31st March, 1952)
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OUR UNITY .
Onlytendys have passed since the demonstrations in Trieste. In
this short period of time things have occurred which have confirmed
once more that in the Palazzo Chiggi democratic principles have
lost and that one cannot reckon with some final abandonment of im-
perialist tendencies of the Italian foreign policy . Extremists
atr2nedtenediWith the same speed as the " moderate elements "
withdrew, No one hides any longer in Rome the attempt that the pre-
sent tension in the Trieste prohlem-lio exploit for realising a much
more far-reaching anneximnist plan.
But the world must be also clear about the fact that Yugoslavia
will never agree with a solution which is not in harmony with its
national and foreign policy. We have seen several stages.First came
staged demonstrations in Trieste under the benevolent reserve in
Rome. Then Rome expressed revolt because of " brural oppression "
,of Allied authorities. In these first days the sharpness of the point
was directed apparently against the Allied administration only.
When Rome concluded that the West was " sufficiently worried " on
account of the situation, the center of gravity was carried over
to Italian aspirations in regard to Yugoslavia.
We do not know what conclusions will be made at the negotiations
which are going to be held in London.One can see, however, that
influential circles in the West have switched over from condemning
irredentist acts of violence to accept only a week later negotia-
tions concerning Trieste without Yugoslavia. That Yugoslavia to
whom three months ago the United Nations accorded recognition as
en exceptionally iortant factor in the safejuarding of democratic
peace. It is in fact incom)rehensible, how it was calculated
after such a firm attitude of Yugoslavia in the defence of peace
that she would give way before the imperialist desires of Rome.
Nobody hides any longer that the Trieste annexionists are firmly
connected with Rome, and yet the New York herald Tribune believes
that the sending of Italian troops to the FTT "would decrease the
tension in Italy". Can one imagine a more short-sighted policy
than by creating a permanent centre of disorders in order to divert
the attention from the political crisis in Italy.
In such an atmosphere we heard the speech of Leo Plates. In it
was expressed the continuity of our policy which makes concessions
in the interests of peace however. However, even these concessions
do not grow out of the limits of a clear and definite policy. It
was, in fact, really necessary to say something also about the con-
ditions under which a plebicite could perhaps be carried through
in Trieste, which some circles propose as a new solution. Rome
has imagined this, judging by articles in the press, in a way which
is absolutely in the spirit of its policy and brings nothing new
in it. If immediately carried through, the plebicite will repre-
sent a much greater farce then the one which occurred in the Saar
in 1935 with the infiltration of Hitlerites. The plebicite can
not be carried out absolutely immediately, even if that took place
under the control of neutral observers, ?rior to the first world
war, the Trieste people who were against annexation comprised 2/3
of the population. If Rome reckons now with the fact that the
result would be differtnt, then that would only be a consequence of
Fascist rule and some Allied decisions because of which the Trieste
population has been diluted by Irredentist newcomers. Nobody can
deny us the right that prior to such a plebicite a historical
political status quo should be created in the first place because,
in every decision concerning the fate of the FTT, and even in a
plebicite, the roal_Triepte population should have their say'.
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Manifestations of our people and the speeches in parliament,
full of dignity, calm and decisive, are vitally different from the
"unity" about which so much is spoken in Italy. In our internal
development there is nothing to guide us to some foreign policy
adventures. Our unity is based as much on the protection of the
democratic rights of our people as on the principle of international
equality. If we would renounce this we would render very bad
service to the cause of peace. About that thase :in_the' West will
still have' to think over one day.
(POI: (Sd.) J.G.
(POLITIKA - 31st March, 1952).
L.:.,I,SHAL TITO CiIVh UL.GT ,N O FRIAC!1 34JCI-LI5T P.RTY
In the ite alace yesterdy morning lAarshal Tito received
members of the French'socialist .rty delegation headed by the
General Secretary Ix. Guy olet, and held a long and cordial
conversation with. them. h luncheon was given by Larshal Tito
in honour of the guests, present were Aleksandar lankovic, Ldvard
Lardelj, iiosa Pijado, IA_lovan Djilas, 3oris 1,idric, Ivan Gosnjak,
_odoljuv Colakovic, Vladimir Bakaric, LLiha ilarinko, Lazar
Lolisevski, Haze Jovanovic, Utmar irejacic, ujuro Salaj, Ivan
Dozicevic, Vladimir .edijer and 4,arko Aistie. (Tanjug)
- 1 pril, 1952)
TL= O. tOLJ fih OF Tii. 2A ABUT TI JTd
Upon the pro)osal of the People's iLeprsentative iiha liarinko
the Assembly adopted the following lesolutibn..
'The People's Assembly unanimously and enthusiastically
supports the Government. in their attitude towards the questions
of our relations with Italy, especially with-regard to Trieste
as it was decl.lbed by the President of the Government liarshal Tito
in his expose before this Assembly. 14e give him our full support
and we anticipate that the Government will 'undertake necessary
measures against all who try to Ldpose on the people of Yugoslavia
new sacrifices and to increase the injusties which they have
already suffered"
(BORBA - 1 April, 1952)
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THE POWER OF POPULAR rRoTEST
The demonstrations which have broken out in the Capital
City,in the towns and places in our several republics and in all the
regions of Yugoslavia-- have sh)wn raiia are showing once again that our
public firmly defends the policy of its Government. lore than this...
the demonstrations have shown that the Yu-.;oslavs demand of their
Government to most energetically oppose both the campaign of the Italian
irredenta and the steps of the Western Powers which are paying no
attention to our interests.
The fact that our Government was not at all informed of
the intention on the part of the Governments of the USA and Great.
Britain to start talks with Italy about her particiation in the
administration of the. Zone "A" has created particular bitterness both
among our people and in our Parliament. This action is the more strange
in view of the fact that at the time when preparations were in course ?
and also when decision was already made ,representativesof the Western
Powers had: been coming to our responsible factors?not mentioning by a
single word this entire behind-the-secne game about Yugoslav national'
interests.
In 'Belgrade and Tuzla,in Osijek and Zagreb,in Ljubljana
and Ajdovscina(Aidussia-E0, in Kragujevac,Kosovska Mitrovica and
Maribor,in fact in all the parts of our country--a monumental wave
of protest rose among tUse people who have never allowed and (1,) not
allow injustice to be done at their expense.
This wave of protests cannot be stopped.
The,people of Ljubljana have said that they will keep on
demonstrating untiLthe anti-Yugoslav campaign in Italy stops.
The entire Yugoslavia to a man will stand firm and
prepared to defend its rights.
No decisions Made by third parties On questions which
cut into our national interacts are binding on uso
The demonstrators also have told this to all. Our entire
nation r is saying this. Our strength,our unity and our determination
are saying this.
The Rome politicians are playing a blind game; they are
conducting an irresponsible policy of big speculations and petty
blackmails The Europe,however,needs seriousness and an at osphere
of determination to defend leace. The Palazzo Chitgi wants to satisfy
its political combinations to the detriment of this atmosphere.
How. the USA and Great Britain want.to arrange their
relations with Italy--is their own business. But,if they wish to
yield to the imposition of the Italian diplomacy--that won't be at
our expense. We shall not recognize any such decisions.
In the past too it has always been proved that the
interests of the Yugoslays cannot be easily ignored and that the
forgetting of this fact has always had consequences and provoked
sharpest reaction on the part of our public opinion.
What has been before--is more the case today.This strong
and united country has said and is saying its word--openly and
clearly.
The strength of popular protest has once again
manifested itself in our street. .
(Editorial) (BORBA,March 31,1952.)
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SPEECH BY PEOPLE'S DEPUTY VIDOJE SMILEVSKI
Comrades people's deputies, before speaking I state that
I am voting for the proposed draft of the Social Plan for 1952 and
for the Federal Budget for 1952.
The working people of Macedonia ha completely adopted
the basic principles of the Plan and unanimously approved the dis-
tribution of national revenue in the way as it is beingmade.By this
the working people of PH Macedonia confirmed once more that they are
inseparably connected with other brotherly nations in the common
struggle for building our socialist homeland the FPR-7.
I have to emphasize that the national revenue of PR
Macedonia expressed in the draft Federal Social Plan is larger by
3,843 million dinars than in the primary draft, and the accumulation
and funds 1 by 2,239 million dinars. These results are
achieved due to the workers' creative initiative and in the struggle
against incorrect and harmful tendencies of particularism and
reservedness of certain tanagers, though in a small number of
enterprises, against their particular weaknesses in managing the
enterprises.
By distributing the national revenue of Macedonia for
1952 we can see that about 50% of its amount is being put in a
special workers' fund. Such a great portion of the national revenue
is taken and spent from our workers because of the arett importance
of investment in the national revenue derived from economy, out of
which over 83% goes to the consumers' fund of peasants alone.
Further, 24% of the national revenue is set aside for
social funds - childrens' allcwance and social insurance of workers
and employees; for the needs of education, culture, public:b
health and social welfare, for the state administration and
administration of justice and for budget reserves.
And finally 21% of the national revenue is set aside
for investments in our Republic. Such a significant portion of
the national revenue for the needs of investment which is above
the investments in the national revenue of the FIRY, as well as
of People's Republics of Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia, People's
Republics of Bosnia and Hercegovina and Montenegro are being more
engaged in capital investment.
(BORBA, 30 March 1952)
ASSEMBLY OF RETURNED EMIGRANTS: CONNECTIONS BETWEEN EMIGRANT
ASSOCIATIONS WILL BE STRENGTHENED
Annual meeting of returned emigrants residing on the
territory of People's Republic of Serbia was held in Belgrade
yesterday. One thousand two hundred emigrants live in Serbia
according to the data. However, only about 600 persons are members
of the Association.
The report on the work of the Association of returned
emigrants from the territory of Serbia was submitted by Stevan
Serdar. The Association organised a correspodence section, which
at the beginning worked very well. Members of this section wrote
articles for the emigrant newspapers,atout. the truth AzduLifelaf
returned- emigrants in our country. This section sent last year
over 600 articles to various emigrant papers - mostly in the United
States,
The report emphasized that the returned emigrants were
met witl cordial welcome in our country. All are enabled to be ?
engaged in former professions. Many of them are elected to
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leading positions in economic enterprises. There are also returned
emigrants who are members of district and towns committees. The
discussion mentioned the number of returned emigrants who were
pronounced as shock-workers or awarded for their exceptional work in
building our socialist country.
The Government of PR Serbia granted considerable aid to
the returned emigrants for purchasing household goods. In the last
year they received a cridit of 6 million dinars. There were cases,
however, that the aid was not received by those who were in need.
In conclusions reached at this meeting it was emphasized
that the new Board of the Association should be more engaged in
maintaining bbntactiwith the emigrant associations. It was proposed
to exchange delegations of emigrant organisations from several countries
in this year. All prewent delegates resolutely protested against the
campaign of neo-fascists for the return of Trieste and against the
attitude of the Anglo-American political circles. Telegramb to comkade--.
Tito and to the Minister of Foreign Affairs were sent from the meeting.
A new Board of the Association has been elected, at the end
of thismeeting.
(BORBA, 31st of March 1952)
AUTHORITIES IN ITALY REFUSE TO RE-OPEN THE SLOVENE SCH.'11 AT KRMIN
Following the closing of the Slovene preparatory school
at Krmine, which was closed by the Italian authorities at the beginning
of this year, so that the parents were forced either not to send their
children to school or to send them td Italian schools. They were in
vain asking to re-open the closed school.
Seeing for themselves that the authorities will not meet
their justifiable demands they decided to find and pay a Slovene
school teacher who would teach their children in their own mother
tongue.
Children who will be instructed by this teacher will pass
the examination at the end of school term in one of the blovene schools.
"Perhaps there may be, said one of the parents, some more
blisters on our peasant hands in order to pay the lessons of our
children, but never mind for this. We are proud that our children
will remain good sons and daughters of the Slovene people".
(Signed) M.P.
(BORBA March 31, 1952)
POLICY OF DETIONLLIZATION FORCES THOUSANDS OF SLOVEN-?',
TO ELIOR!,.TE FROM ITALY
The organ of the Democratic Front of Slovenes in Italy
Soca again called upon the Italian authorities to stop with the
discriminations towards the S,.ovene minority in Italy and to recognize
; the same rights which are enjoyed by the German and French minority
in Italy. The newspaper adds that such denationalization and
discrimination policy forces thousands of Slovenes to seek shelter
in foreign countries, escaping from poverty and persecution in Italy.
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Soca -then cites a series of measures undertaken by the present Italian
authority in order to turn the Slovene minority into it inconsiderable
minority". In the series of these measures ban of reorening schools
in Slovene lan7uage, pronouncing the members of Slovene minority as
Italians and an increase to prevcnt the contact between the Slovenes
from Gorizia and Venezia Giulia is being mentioned. The paper concludes
that thr Slovene minority in Italy could witness from their own expe-
rience , the hypocritic promises by the Italian a..thorities since
1867 up to the present moment.
(b( a. March 31, 1952)
CO-ORDINATION COM ITTEE FOR. THE DLFENCE OF TRIESTE SEMDIS A RSGLUTION
TO FOREIGN OFFICE ,7D STAE nPART:TET
The co-ordination committee for the defence of FTT rassed
a decision to send a resolution to the Foreign Office and State Depart-
ment Secretaries in which it is requested that citizenship be granted
to the citizens of Trieste according to the provisions of the Peace
Treaty, to guarantee eaual ri-hts to both nationalities in the ,mglo-
American zone and to change the administration of this zone.
(BCAAB, Mt,rch 31, 1952)
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MARSHAL TI 0 ADDR-S5ES THE OF THE F2R, ON THE SU J T OF
_TRIRSTE
Comrades, I have to tell you that I had?., :lc intention to
speak in this. budget debate. But the discussion concerning the
budget, and particularly concerning the relationship between us
and Italy and the problem of these anti-Yugoslav demonstrations
in Italy, as well as attempts to solve problems around Trieste
without has influenced me:to also say a few' words in.
this discussion. I am speakinL here in my own name, in the name
-
of- the Government, and I think I speak also in the name of the
people .of Yugoslavia.
was:particularly incited byan article in the foreign
press, which concerns Italy, and in which it is said that the
Allies should force Tito to say what he thinks. I have already
several times declared what I think,.and today I shall strive to'
be as clear as possible. After that,. think that it will no. ?
longer be necessary to' repeat what we think about these things.
In the first place, this revolt of our people, of our men,
of our citizens, is in fact the. work .of that unheard-of anti-
Yugoslav-campaign which reached its culmination recently.
Comrades, I will not say here that this was a spontaneous out-
burst of the feelings of the ItA.ian people, No, I believe that
this is a staged affair, I consider - and declare from this
place - that this affair...was organised by the most responsible
circles?in?Italy and I know positively that in these anti-Yugellav
actions, happily for us, the. Italian people do not participate,
that people which really represents its own country. (Long .
applause). You have read and you know that in these demonstra-
tions children participate also,, because they were forced by
their professors and masters directly from the schools into
the streets. Of course, these children know no '-ounds and shout
and say all sorts of things, both what they have learned and what
they remember themselves. Lnd then, which reflects badly on
these children, who arc as yet not spoiled, is the fact that they
are led by those who have ruined already not only Italy, but ?
created a catastrophe inWorld War II,.?and even in lorld War I,
those who have done so many wrongs to us. The Cominformists are
already. united with Fascism in this unheard-of campaign against
'YuLoslavia.
Lconsider that this campaign did not come by itself all
at once, but it is the result of the total policy of the Italian
Government since the end of the war until now. When haa the
Italian Government evinced ? the wish?to meet us half way, to .:
accept our friendly hand, to demand, as we have-alSo- demanded:,
to find soMehow-a common 'road, to create at least normal relations
between our two countries? ' 'v4ien did Italy show her readiness to
strive gradually to elitinate 211 that which might eventuallyin
the future be to .the detriment of both .the countrie6? No, never.
At the beginning, Italy could not speak because she felt that she
did not have the moral right and did not have as yet support.
But, in her foreign policy, and particularly in the relations
towards Yugoslavia Italy -is raising her voice more and more and
is gettingmore and more expressively that old tone, the system of
the old practice in her foreign policy: which culminated under
Italian Fascism, namely under Eussolini.. when he was the leader of
?Italy,
Imagine, Comrades, in this anti-Yuposlav campaign in Italy,
men can cheer Mussolini sine Fascist sons and. hurl -the most.
disgraceful insults at our country, not to EiDOLI: about our army
and all of us. The Italian Government looks calmly on and calls
this democracy.. Fascist passims are sr,read 4n Italy under the
name of the so-celled democracy. Comrades, this is whet we are
worried about here. Trieste as itself is not a ireat problem.
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But something else is hiding behind this Trieste. Then was Trieste
Italian? When did Trieste prior to the First World ne.r belong to
the Italian atatee regardless of the fact that a greater .number of
Italians were living there, in order that Italy has the right now
to demand Trieste again?. Trieste was included in Italy DS a result
of an Imperialist feast, result of an agreement of Imperialists in
the First World War, while it. was Still being. waged. Thd not
only Trieste, but also many other places of our homeland served as a
price in payment for the participation of Italy on the side of the
Entent. Injustice which occurred after the First World War as the
result of injustice towards our country, the result of payment by
our territories and our people, - this injustice was repeated after
the Second World War. 'vie are worried that the Allies in the Vest
will be caught on the flypaper of Italian desires, the blackmail
of leading Italian circles. They are giving in under the pressure
of Fascist elements which were the cause of world catestrophe. This
is what is worrying us.
Comrades, I will read to you what I have read today in the
Tanjug bulletin about whattheLondon Economist is saying. Pardon me
for keeping you a while, but this must be known. It is said thus:
"Because the YuLoslavs have occupied Zone B of the FTT, there is no
logical reason why Italy sheuld not now occupy Zone A". Imagine:
Yugoslavia who was attacked by Italian Fascists, plundered and
drowned in blood, this Yugoslavia has to stand on one leg in the
question of our just demands in the problem of that which is ours:
(Long applause).
From where do they get this? Is this not the rehabilitation
of all those crimes made in the Second World War? This says one of
the greatest newspapers in Great Britain9 London saysi where they
are negotiating on our account, without our wish end without our
participation*
It says further: "This was not permitted earlier, because
Italy was a former enemy country and did not possess sufficient
power (imagine, they are lamenting now because she had not
enough power to grab away from us that which we liberated as ours),
to protect a fairly danerous frontier with Yugoslavia, Today
Italy is an equal member of the Atlantic Pact and the situation has
changed vitally." The moment Italy saw that she might gain some-
thing from this side, se rushed there. Thi was the leading
motive of their policy; olicy of all responsible Italian people
until now. They think this to be something very important for the
safeguarding of peace in the world, And I consider that this is the
most dangerous element for a new centre of all danger here, in this
part of the world. (Long applause)
Then the paper continues: "And what ismore, if Gr at
Britain and the USA withdrew from Zone A in favour of Italy they
would thus do practically all that which they can do now to realise
the clear and categoric Tri-Partite Declaration by Great Britain,
the USA and France of 20th 14arch 1948. In this declaration it is
said that the total territory of the FTT,ineluding also Zone B7
should be returned to Italy", Imagine, Cbmrades, instead of being
'ashamed of that w-ich they did on 20th March 1948 they beat
their.breasts and ring bells, proclaiming that this is the right of
Italy, that the declaration should be executed aa soon as possible.
And I believedthat they wishedth withdraw already, that they are
somehow ashamed of that, that they feel uncomfortable before the
eyes of our people because they have Made such an unbelievable mis-
take and such unbelievable injustice towards our peoples. No. They
are proud of it, and this is whet is worryjng us.
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The Atlantic Pact should make it rossible for Italy to take the first
? step towards new conquest aims:
."We are still More worried by the .fact that the Italian ruling
circles are showing more and more,already today when it is still too
early.,a tendency to used the Atlantic Pact for their imperialistic
aims,in the first place against our country. We are also worried by the
fact.that those in the West either don't want to see this or tacitly'
confirm it. The Atlantic Pact,thereforelin this concrete case in the
first place should make it possible for Italy to take the first step
in the carrying out, of her conquest, aims towards .Yugoslavia. Now, this
is what ought to worry us-and this is what makes the small question of
Trieste bigger and bigger?not through our fault but rather through the
fault of the Tripartite Declaration and the present-day leaders of
Italy4applause)
"Yes,if it were only Trieste, And don't yo hear what they are
saying today,not only in the demonstrations but also constantly through
the press ?.They are emphasizing: TriestelIstria,Pola,Zara,Dalmatia
and Niontenegro 'Maybe they consider Montenegro to be a dowery of the
former Queen of Italy,and dowery under the laws of Rome should be
somehow realized. Yontenegrines, you had (one time) become Italian
dowery and the fact that the dowery was not realized should now
somehow be corrected :(laughter in the hall). This is what they are
aspiring to and this is just what we know from experience.(A voice
from the hail: 'They .know it too'). We have a thousand years of
experience with those-various neighbours. If they think that they
have a right to these regions ,why then did Caesar and others one time
invade them ? -According to this logic,the Mongols and Tartars should
have a right to these regions because they too had been in them :
The want to make use of the difficulties in which our country finds
itsel'
"ButIthis is not the thing. They want to exploit the difficulties
of our country caused by the hostile conduct of the Soviet Union and
of the Soviet satellite countries towards our country. They think:
'Yugoslavia is now in a hole,let us exploit this to the maeLimumi.And
it is a shame that the West dees not see this.
',Then it is further said in that paper: 'It is a question
whether Italian Occupation of Zone A can be carried out without the
agreement of the Russians and of the other signatories to the Peace
Treaty. Moreover, occupation of Zone A would not fully satisfy the
extreme Italian nationalists. They? consider that on the basis of
ethnical reasons they have a right to Zone B' etc. Further it is
said there: 'It cannot be permitted that the present situation con-
tinue longer.'
"I agree that the situation as it is to lay must not go on, but
why do you want to solve the situation to our detriment, why do you
want precisely, us to always be those who are paying either in blood
or in material means or in our men and in our territories? I consider
that it is high time that an end be put to this.
"'During the last few months', it is further said in that
article, 'negotiations have been conducted so as to 'solve the entire
question of Trieste without the Russians, and loarshall Tito however
during the negotiations with Italy in the course of the winter when
modest hopes existed made no concessions in Zone B.' I should say
so: And I consider, that we should talk about Zone A, about the
entire Free Territory of Trieste: (I>rol3n7ed applause, all the
Deputies stood up and applauded)
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"Comrades all, I will not read to you all but at the end only
the most characteristic things, the most ludicrous and absurd. They
now take the Italian Cominformists and say: -7Regard1ess of his
difficulties (that is to say, my difficulties).; Marshal Tito should
ponder a little over the situation which wouldbe'created if a purely
Stalinist Italian Party would come to power next year.' Just imagine
what they are blackmailing us with: :did let them think a little,
which would be a very foolish thing on our pert, how they would feel
if we were to let the Russian Cominformists come into power here.
(applause and laughter). Both 'ideas are equally stupid. However, one
of the most serious papers is posinz this question. Do you want to
blackmail us with the Italian Ceminformists, who WQ know very well
are losing ground under their feet,beeause we are deeply convinced
that the Italian people would never want to be a servant of the Soviet
imperialistic circles? The Italian people de not want to be this.
By your very inte:mal policy and by your imperialistic tendencies,
you are encouraging the Cominformist galimatias which exists over there.
It is interesting to see how all of them have found themselves on the
seine line.
Russians too have their fingers in this
''One of the People's Deputies said here that the Russians want
to exploit this situation at our expense. This is true. The Russians
have their fingers in this. This is a fine situation for them. I
know them very well. Lherever trouble may be caused, noise made or
fishing in murky water--they are always there. This is their tendency.
and now the Russian policy has of a sudden, through the Italian
Cominformist Party, transformed into something which has the same
views of imperialistic appetites towards Yugoslavia as the Italian
Fascists. On the other hand, they are allegedly for the respecting
of the clauses of the Peace Treaty with resrect to the question of
Trieste. This is a contradiction, a policy which cennot be a conse-
quential one (a voice from the hall 'jtalin's policy'). otalin's
policy cannot be a consequential one in connection with such matters.
We know this. But we also know that, despite such mixed political
companies in Italy, no-one will be able to divert us from our path.
In vain to they threaten us with the Italian Cminformists. ald what
would happen if de Gasreri loses? Fething would hapren. The Italian
Communists haven't a different policy from the one the Fascists have.
(applause) Their policy is a common one, and expansionistic and
imperialistic policy: take whatever you can. Ind this is what
worries us and what the West does not see. They say: We must be
cautious towards Italy, she is a member ef the _Alantic Pact while
Yugoslavia is not. Consequently, we may eomehow calm Italy at the
expense of Yugoslavia. We, however, consider that no-one has the
right to buy someone at our expense because that someone demands
much more than you can give from your means. They want our things
and we won't give our things. ("Here, here:, prolonged applause in
the hall)
"I shall revert to this later on but for the time being I want
to refresh our memories on how all this came about. I said before:
Trieste is the result of the deal made at the expense of our country
at the time of the fall ef the Austrian Empire. Since the peoples
of that region were not then organized from a state point of view and.
strong, it was easy to take away something from there. However,- it is
necessary for us to remember how things developed subsequently, how
that agreement was made, what the situation was then in Italy, what
policy had been pursued in Istria- towards our people, what unheard-of
means had been Applied to denationalize our people, and what beastly
methods had been applied. to our men; castor oil had been a usual means,
not to mention killing and lung years of imprisonment in ItrIlian jails,
etc. etc. Now they want to make use of the consequences of suchade-
nationalizing policy of theirs while all this is still fresh and while
there still_ remains something of that which they had achieved in a'
-forcible way .during thirty years, and so they ask for .a plebiscite.
Yes, we are for a plebiscite. We shall speak later on about it.
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The problem of Trieste is artificially created
The whole question about the Trieste territory is
artificially created by imperialistic means, fascist means.
They have no right to call again and to demand the opinion
of those men whose national consciousness has been slightly
oppressed, as the result of circumstances, through lasting
torture on this territory.
Or, let us say, I must turn to this again"- can we
forget on whose side Italy has been in the Second World War?
What cause have we, the people of Yugoslavia,offereito Italy -
to attack our country? Have we had any territorial, national,
ethnical demands, were there any Italians on our territory?
We had not a single one anywhere. A huge part of our territory
has been already for 30 years under their authority. Why have
they come here, what are they here for? If they have forgotten,
we have not. What have they been doing here? They have not to
be surprised if someone with us here mentions this out of revolt.
nut, we should not use the same tone as they do. Our behaviour
must be on a high level, we must cay bring to their year reality,
arguments, historical facts. We should not sweerland quarel with
them. Our strength is in facts, hiStorical facts; our strength
is in our rights, our national rigths in general, territorial
rights, in everyt4ing, We are strong there, there we shall.not be
irresolute. (Prolonged applause). They used sword and fire in
our country without any reaSon whatever, on the ground of their
"historical" rights from ancient time: as Cesar was there, why
should they not be.here, why should not they conquer this again.
One of the .most rigid iOperialistiA pOlicy has been conducted,
and they are not ashamed today to repeat the same political
gestures as during fascism . That is why the problem of Trieste
is more complicated than scmeorie may think,. It deals here with
the imperialistic aims against our country. We are cautious
towards them.
Comrades, what was the situation in signing the Peace Traety
with Italy? Bad. Bad for us, comrades. The Russians did not want
to help; because they were looking to gain as much as possible.
Imagine, because of an Italian corps, not causing great damage
in the Soviet Union,whahcouldfbe returned in .a single train,
they received reparations, and WQ have.not. We received 16
millions, and they 200 'millions. They got war vessels and many
other.things. Our fleet was destroyed by the Italian fascist
force, and they have not lost a single boat. Perhaps to the
logic considering us as Russian'satellite, and as we were in
that family, as the Russianssay, it is just that the one who
is at the head of that family gets something, We never wished
to be in that family, (Applause)
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Our Recycle cannot agree with the incorrect_policy of Western_powers
as to the p_roblem of Trieste
We had to accept this provision of the Peace Treaty because naturally
we could not have the whole wcrld against us on the one hand, while, on the
other, we refused to be that particular element affecting the peace. We had
although with a bleeding heart and uneasy spirit accepted this being a further
injustice inflicted to us since the World War II. We did not receive repa-
rations, cr Trieste, or those parts which we had liberated. consideringthem
as our own. This is the kind, of injustice done to us. But we shall not
blame the Soviet Union for that since we know it: its object was to make
profit as much as possible - however, we shall blame those in the West who
refused to consider things in an objective way as to the contribution of
Yugoslavia to the struggle against fascist powers. This is their guilt
and out people cannot forget this easily. And they should not wonder if
owing to their present acts favouring the Italian vindications they might
loose a aertdia_lamopntof_support among our peoples too. (Applause)
This would not be my wish and we shoald not give much vent to our feelings
of protest but they must know the following l you' should not behave like
that if you wish to consider us as a factor towards peace which can
contribute a lot by its participation in the defence against aggression
and in peace-time. And they must take this into consideration. I think,
Comrades, that we can calmfully declare here that in the event of a con-
flict or aggression Yugoslavia will certainly contribute much more than
they expect to obtain possibly on the other side. "(APplause) From the
past exoerience they can see that we have never betrayed our allies and
that we never do that. (Applause).
At the time when the question of the withdrawal of our army from
Trieste was raised, - do you believe that it was an easy matter for us?
We withdrew from there with a bleeding heart. lThy? Had we to do so
being confronted with force? No. We could start a battle there, but
we were reluctant to threaten the peace. We could stay there, but we
should not be a factor towards some troubles, armed conflicts and so forth.
We have withdrawn lecause we wished to avoid any kind of a conflict. And.
do you think that at that time we received any help from the Soviet Union?
You are mistaken if you think so. Before this Assembly, I can today dec-
lare that at that moment when we had that difficult conflict related to
the question whether we shall leave Trieste or not we did not get any
moral support on the part of the Soviet Union. ,Numerous nights I,SPent
next to the telephone waiting for at least some sort of advice. But we
received nothing because they were not particularly concerned about this.
Let the Yugoslays do what they know how to do: And, of course, we did
withdraw.
But what was the reason that we ha74rithdrawn and have we assumed
that thereby this problem has definitelyibeen Solved? No; We maintained
that since one part of that zone remained under our military government
that gradually we shall somehow reach an agreement, that a governor will
be appointed and a bearable government introduced so that everything that
was during the past 30 years done Could be atended as regards denationali-
zation, that is to say, that our people Our Slovene and Croatian popula-
tion will have the right to enjoy. its own'cultural and other life. As this
did net occur, following the publication of the, Tripattite Declaration, which
took us by surprise tremendously, we intended to offer another solution
aiming to reach somehow an agreement with the Italians. Numerous proposals
were made but not a single one was met with approval on the part of the
Italian Government. And what was the reason that it refused to produce
a positive reply? The reason is that it had its own plans which are far
greater that the zone "AY and zone "B" because its intention is to stay
there firmly aiming to penetrate further deeper into our sacred soil, the
socialist soil which is - you know - very warm. And they cannot realize
that.
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Let de Gameri say whether Italy wishes for friendshIpawith ua_
And today, after the accurrence of all that, when they could realize
that owing to threats waged from the gast we did not become discouraged,
that our hearts are not in our boots but that we stand firm on our own,
they prepared a general offensive and, unfortunately, received support
on the part of the Western Allies. And we are today speaking about this
before this Azseisly openly and clearly - since that man over there wished me
to make a statement: no solution about Trieste is possible without our
participation and consent. (That is right! - All deputies stand up laa a
prolonged applause). If they might do it, then an enormous mistake would
be committed. I can tell you here:in front of this distinguished house, that
they would make a more serious and irredeaable error than that of publishing
the unfortunate Tripartite Declaration. They should realize what might
later on be brought about as a result of that and should keep aware of all
that. They .can bring the Italian army there, and by means of force, but
what is going to-happen tomorrow,when we would remain alone face in face
with that Italian army, with their pletentious imperialist appetites?
Wbuld it not become the greatest danger of all: Let they think about this
a little bit, let them be careful about their plans whether they are going
to consolidate peace, or whether they wish to be friends with us or not?
would like to put today in front of this distinguished house again a
question to the Italian Government and de Gasperi: do you wish that the
people of Yugoslavia be your friend or do you wish to be adversaries?
This is the thing that we wish to make clear. As far as I am concerned,
I am speaking on behalf of the whole people: we wish to be friends since
it is in the interests of our country and our people. And as far as you
are concerned, would you in your turn say whether you wish to be our friends,
so that we. may know what we have. This is what we wish to ask and tell them
today clearly and loudly. No further trading at our expense can be approved
by us and we shall not consent to it at all. (All deputies stand up in a
prolonged applause).
What is aur stand as regards thmesolution of this problem, avoiding
that they may claim again that we failed to put it clearly or say it loudly
enough. Here I shall say nothing new. We continue to support the proposals
put forward by our Government recently, that is to say, common Governmeat,
condominium, plus what we now said in a note on the question of conditions
for a plebiscite to be held as soon as conditions are mature. This would-
be an amendment to that proposal. Such a solution is the only sensible one,
a calamity to happen between us and Italy can be removed by this solution
aloneb and this would perhaps not be a calamity for us only but for the
rest of the world too because we are ignorant of what tight be the result.
We can talk only on such a solution. There can be no word about any sort
of a division of Zone P while Zone A would remain under occupation. This
is what we defend firmly:
We want no trading, we have paid a high price in order to avoid
being proclaimed for those who do not wish for peace. Trieste as a free
zone - that was a sacrifice, that was a great sacrifice made by um. We had
to renounce Such a Peace Treaty; But we cannot renounce the living people.
We cannot renounce our population there, we cannot consent to a solution of
the problem of Trieste without taking care of our population in Italy. We
demand that our population in Italy uses its own language and has the same
rights as Italians have iiaour country (applause). This population should
net be subjected to self-rule and the terrorof various Fascist and Oominform
elements in Italy. The Italian Goveaa-064 must furnish a guarantee to us
on this matter and this question must (initely bp settled between us and
them. Our attitude is clear and based on principles: we refuse to trade,
we want what is our and refuse that belonging'to others.
From this place I may send a message to our people that there is no
need to be very alarmed. We shall never do anything which might be in
contrast to the wishes and the will of our peoples, we shall know how to
defend the intererAn-of aurecountry.0 (Powerful and pronged applause).
- (32J8A,.-lst April, 1952).
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ANSWER ON BI:ALF OF THE ?L01-1E
In the nate of this people Tito has spoken once more.
His words in ?armament reflected the feelings of millions
of Yugoslays.
The world was able to see once more our unanimity, our
power, our firmness. The world could have seen our revolt,
heard our protest, felt our unity.
Through liershal Tito's words spoke the men of Socialist
Yuoslavia. Our strength lies in the fact that we separate the
Italian people from Fascist elements and adventurers..
We shall never allow whoever it may be to Play about with
our interests and our rights. This should be alsohknown.to
those in Italy, in Great r3ritain and in the ,USA, as those in the
USSR also know.
Behind Rome's desires concerning Trieste stands something
much greater. There the maximum Imperialist aspirations for our
regions right down to the Bocce, have just recently been
suppressed. And now - Trieste would just be the beginning. With
the first mouthful old end well-known cnquerinz appetites have
been awakened, whose continuity is not broken, either by defeats
which Italy experienced in wars on the side of the vanquished, or
broken up by the necessity for co-operation in peactime end for
peace.
The Western powers took a wrong step also in 1948 with the
Tri-Partite Declaration.
They are preparing to make another one,adanjerous end
perhaps irreparable mistake at the conference which they called
with Italy in London, without consulting and without informing
Yuoslavia.
In the name of whom and.in-the name of what do they7llome
.forward when they negotiate concerning territories for which
Yugoslavia has the historical, geographical and ethnic right?
They should not forget that similar attempts of trading on
our account failed in the Second 'oorld,War. And those who even
then tried to make different combinations against the Yugoslav
interest should remeMber that they even then experience'i
failure.
Lur. freedom-loving waters are lo limpid that the stirrers
cannot hide themselves.
Hare was exposed the face of ivioscow also. And some .
gentlemen from the West who thought earlier that they could make
of Yuoslavia the means to settle somebody elsels account, seem
not to have lost these - dangerous end detrimental for them -
illusions.
1-e are sufficiently powerful and courageous to stand up
in a manly way on the ramparts of our rights. ANe shall not
permit enythini, whatsoever to be lost. It is their affair to
think and not to do anythin which might incur them losses.
home wishes to exploit on our account international
injustices end machinations - in the name cf tho Alentic
As a beginning of international acting of this ?act - jvin_ way
.to Irredentist blackmail would not make it particulLrly famous,
or wfluld c-,ntribute to it either oolitically, morally, and inthp
least military.
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Should the unilateral decision concerning the unilateral
conference in London be the price for the purchase of Italy in
the framework of the Atlantic I'act? Is it worth while for the
Test in general to purchase at such losses something which will
bring it no advantages whatsoever? And till when will each
"alliance" of Italy repose on blackmail and purchase;
One should now repeat that which Comrade Tito said-- that we
do not permit that any or anyonels business should be paid by our
means and by our interests.
One should repeat also that Yu,oslavia refused all that which
is being decided concerning Trieste and solved to her detriment,
without its participation and approval.
"We shall know how to defend the interests of our country!" -
said Marshal Tito in ii,rliament.
"We shall know how the defend the interests of our country:"
- say 60 million Yuoslavs as one man in these words.
(BORBA - 1st April, 1952)..
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25X1C
THIS IS AK ENCLOSURE TO
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SUELViRY OF THE YUGOSLAV PRESS
25X1C
No.575
P.1. Headlines of
P.2. Headlines of
Headlines of
P.3.
P.4?
P.5.
Headlines of
Headlines of
Headlines of
Headlines of
INDEX
-Borba of the 30th March
Borba centitaued
Politika of the 30th March
Politika continued .
Borba of the 31st March
Borba continued
7717Tika of the 31st March
31st March, 1952.
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 27TH MARCH
P.6 Aid to undeveloped areas and rearmament
4(
FROM BORBA OF THE 29TH MkRCH
P.9. Decisions pertaining to Trieste Cannot_ be taken without
Yugoslavia (Editorial)
P.13. Letter to the editor: we shall firmly decline the attempts
of the bloodsucking Italian Fascists
P.14. Resolution of Slovene-Italian Democratic Front concerning
application of Italian Electoral Law
P.16. Work of Legislative Committees of the People's Assembly of
Serbia
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 24TH MARCH
P.14. Foreigners on Moscow's list (Editorial)
P.15. On the old road (Editorial)
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 29TH pii,ACH
P.8. Discovery of oil in Montenegro
P.11. No solution without Yugoslavia (Editorial on Trieste)
P.15. Mosa Pilade and Dr,Vidmar leave for Paris
FROM BORBA OF THE 30TH MARCH
P.17. Speech to People's Assembly by Leo Mates: basic task of
Yugoslav foreign policy
P.22. Speech by Ljubo Arsov to People's Assembly
2.25. Speech by Franc Leskosek on Slovene national revenue
P.26. Text of Mates' statement on Trieste to 'eople's Assembly
P.27. Krstov Popvida on Transport and Communications
*
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FROM BORi:JA OF THE 30TH MARCH
P.29. Speech by Milorad Zoric on administration of Social Funds
P.30, Speech by Bogdan Srnobrnja on Internet onal Economic
Relations
P.32.
Speech by Jakob Fazevic on the new economic system
P.21. Resumption of diplomatic relations between Yu7nslavia and
Japan
FROli POLITIKA OF THE 30Th RARCH
P.20.
No decision made at conference btween US, Britain and
Italy will be binding to Yugoslavia (Summary of 1ates,
statement)
Belgrade citizens send telegram to Marshal Tito
*
P.21. Yugoslav pilots to take part in eir competitions in France
Yugoslav veterinary surgeons visit US
FROM BORBA OF THE 30TH MARCH
P.33. Prior to parliamentary reform
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25X1C
25X1C
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No.575
P.1. Headlines
P.2, Headlines
Headlines
P.3. Headlines
P.4,. Headlines
P.5. Headlines
Headlines
SUMMARY OF THE YUGOSLAV PRESS
INDEX
of Borba of the 30th March
of Borba centitlued
of Politika of the 30th March
of Politika continued
of Borba of the 31st March
of Borba continued
of 771itika of the 31st March
31st March, 1952.
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 27TH MARCH
P.6. Aid to undeveloped areas and rearmament
FROM BORBA OF THE 29TH m'acH
P.9. Decisions pertaining to Trieste canrot be taken without
Yugoslavia (Editorial)
P.13. Letter to the editor: we shall firmly decline the attempts
P.14. Resolution of Slovene-Italian Democratic Front concerning
P.16, Work of Legislative Committees of the People's Assembly of
Serbia
*
of the bloodsucking Italian Fascists
application of Italian Electoral Law
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 24TH MARCH
P.14. Foreigners on Moscow's list (Editorial)
P.I5. On the old road (Editorial)
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 29TH 14,ACH
P.8. Discovery of oil in Montenegro
P.11. No solution without Yugoslavia (Editorial on Trieste)
P.15. Mosa Pilade and Dr:Vidmar leave for Paris
FROM BORBA OF THE 30TH MARCH
P.17. Speech to People's Assembly by Leo Mates: basic task of
Yugoslav foreign policy
P.22. Speech by Ljubo Arsov to People's Assembly
2.25. Speech by Franc Leskosek on Slovene national revenue
P.26. Text of Mates' statement on Trieste to !People's Assembly
P.27. Krstov Popvida on Transport and Communications
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FROM BORA OF THE 30TH MARCH
P.29. Speech by Milorad Zone on administration of Social Funds
P.30. Speech by Bogdan Srnobrnja on Internat-onal Economic
Relations
P.32. Speech by Jakob Fazevic on the new economic system
P.21. Resumption of diplomatic relations between Yu7nslavie and
Japan
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 30TH MARCH
P.20. No decision made at conference between US, Britain and
Italy will be binding to Yugoslavia (Summary of Mates'
statement)
Belgrade citizens send telegram to Marshal Tito
P.21. Yugoslav pilots to take :pert in air competitions in France
Yuoslav veterinary surgeons visit US
*
FROM BORBA OF THE 30TH MARCH
P.33, Prior to parliamentary reform
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P.4. YUGOSLAV VETERINARIANS GOING TO USA
SENTENCES PASSED ON SPIED IN CAPODISTRIA
German problem:
Reaction in Washington and Paris to Vyshinskils statement
Adenauer on Soviet proposals
A crime rather than.aApolitical delict (in connection comment
in Swiss papers about recently escaped Yugoslav pilots)
P.5 Cultural life
P.8 Education and entertainment for youth
Belgrade getting ready for new tourist season
*******
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HEADLINES BORBA 21st Id,arch, 1952.
P.1. Demonstrations throughout the whole country against the
Irredentist campaign in 1rieste and the decisions of the
Western Powers (Reports from Ljubljana, Skoplje, Zadar, Nis,
Novi Sad, Zagreb, Bjelovar, Leskovac, Smederevo, Pristina,
Split, Dubrovnik, Rankovicevo, Krusevac, and Bosansko Petrovo
Selo
THE STRENGTH OF Thi 1-,01,LL] S PROTEST (Editorial)
DECISION OF IH E v,EsTERN PO ERS. ?ROMA of, iHE PEGeLZ OF
TRIESTE AGAINST THE PLRIICIPATION OF lIALY IN THJ, aldNIS-
ThLTION Ui ZONE A
DEVELOLJMErT OF kb1=TIC PORTS
?IJADE GIVES A LUNCHEON IN HONOUR OF FRENCH SOCIALIST PARTY
DELEGATIOIN
New asbestos separator starts working in Bosansko Petrov() Selo
New terminal electric aggregate will soon be working in Banovic
P.2. Observations from Sarajevo University (Article)
Session of the Council for National Health and Social Policy:
premises of the People's Health Council will be the centre for
all health service regions
44,7/441X-PF.TAETURITIZP,GRAN34; .. connections between emigrant
organisations will be strengthened
'ANNUAL MEETING OF FRENCH-YUGOSLAV MOIETY
Annual meeting of Serbian Medical Association
:4;
Letter to the editor:
Two irredentists at work
PREPATIONS Fal THE AP-TRIATIoN OF YET ANOTHER GROUP OF
aEEK CHILIJEN tfAuin MIGSLINIA
FTT : RAISING . OF TiE .BOAT "CAVOMM
Association of Tunisian\Workers does not approve projected
changes in Tunis:
Commentary of French press on reforms in Tunis
AUTHORITIES IN ITALY EFUSE-:TQ ,REOPEN.. -SLOVENIAN -SCIEtQLS-IINJIRZN:,
"..C.r
POLICY OF DENATIONALISATION FOROES:.*THQUSANDS OF SLOVENES FROM,
IT= TO Flirt-GRATE
4-1
Ita1ianoillcarymanoevrosnear Trieste and Yu_oslav frontiers
New puzge in Czechoslovakia
Polish GQvernment denies that documents on ketyn Forest provide
sufficient evidence
(CO-)BDINATION :COMMITTEE .FOR THE DEFENGE OFITRIESTE SENDS_RESOLIXIO4N TO
. FOREIGN oFfia AND STATE EP TT:
Ctranbancterof the occupation forces in Trieste travels to
London
Protest in emigrant paper Novi List
New deadlock in negotiations in Pan kun Jom (UP, Pen Mun Jom)
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P .3 , Clement Attlee 1,-) visits the U.B.
*
Magnianni meeting in Rome forbidden
Letter from iome: the inclusion of ?estern Germany in
European Defence Union (Article by Slobodan Glumac)
Truman will not stand as candidate in elections
P.4. First Dalmatian brigade departs for Vinodol
New regulations being prep red .on social security
Annual Assembly of Serbian miners
Greet interest abroad in forestry forcing experiments of
the Sarajevo engineer Afanasijev
Prices in the textile industry: tendency towards speculation
concealed in"high'rate'of accumulation"
People's handicrafts in ten International Fairs....
OLITIKA
P.14 OUR UNITY (Editorial)
P.2 International Oconomid reviewz fall in prices of raw
materials
*
The education of our young people-:. how to help young peOple-.
in the
One more duty of parents
**):K*4,C ,
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-6-
AID TO THE UNDEVELOPED AREAS AND REARIJAMENT
On 6th March the President of the USA submitted to Congress this
year's budget of aid to foreign countries amounting to 7.9 billion
dollars, and three days ago the conference on the Colombo Plan was
begun. By comparing these two most far-reaching programs of economic
aid in the world, many will remember this problem as a whole. The
major part of Asia and Africa is in a political and economic turmoil.
New stetes are being born and an unresistible aspiration for full
political and economic progress is developing. However, these enormous
areas which are known by the name of "underdeveloped areas" can hardly
be developed without foreign investments, such as recent history has
not yet recorded. The Big Powers must necessarily participate in this
process. Great Britain, for example, cannot even imagine a solution of
her problems without creation of stability in the areas which belong to
the Sterling Bloc. Other powers consider that just in these areas
will take place the decisive struggles against the opponent.
Nevertheless, taking figures into consideration, one must say that
little has been done to help the economic stabilization and quick
development in these parts of the world.
Private Investments
English political circles have learned that, for example, in Malaya
there exists no interest at all on the part of private of owners of
lead mines and of rubber plantations for expansion of production. The
25-year period for exploitation of the mines will soon expire, and
almost no-one desires to renew the agreement. Private capital tends to
make quick and easy profits and is not favourably disposed towards
making long-term investments. However, the loss of dollars which would
occur if work were to stop would have grave consequences for the
entire Sterling Area, as happened after the st)ppage of oil production
in Abadan.
The situation with private capital is similar elsewhere and even
in those places where Americans are penetrating.
How is the Colombo Plan envisaged?
The Six-Year Plan of ecenomic development of the countries of
South and Southeastern Asia was adopted in 1950 at the Commonwealth
Conference; this plan is very far-reaching but is also a specific one.
This plan provides net so much for the gen'ral industrialization of
those countries--India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Mala % Singapore, North
Borneo?as the development of the branches of economy and communications
which already exist. Out of the sum of 1,800 million pounds, only
10 percent is envisaged for industrialization. The largest portion is
to be spent on agriculture and communication. The plan is mostly based
Upon public investments, the major portion of which should come from
the British Commonwealth, the other part to be given by the International
Ba.nk,and now it is proposed that the USA should also contribute. The
plan is being realized. However, it is clear that more attention is
being paid to a balance in the Sterling Bloc than to prospects in
individual areas. The increase of 6 million tons of grains or an
increase of 1.1 million KW of electric capacity, which are envisaged
India, is only a drop in the ocean of the enormous needs of this
big nation.
Truman's Point Four Frozxam
A week ago Democrat Tom Connally, Chairman of the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee, declared himself against the envisaged amount of
aid to foreign countries and in fav)ur of reducing that aid for the
benefit of home investments. Connally thereby came close to the view
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of Isolationist Hoover. True, all this year's statements in the USA
must be viewed through the prism of the election struggle, however, it
is sufficient to throw a glance at the development of the idea of
economic aid to undeveloped areas in order to realize the limits beyond
which the USA for the time being can hardly go.
? From the idea of aid to Greece and Turkey, there was born the
Marshall Plan, and this plan was followed by the so-called Point Four
Program which is named after Truman's message. This program embraced
a
far-reaching plan for the development of half of the world. In
practice during the first year of this aid only 35 million dollars were
given, out of which 3.8 minim went to Asia (in reality, to the Far
East).
These credits were subsequently considerably increased. American
politicians and diplomats are emphasizing that this is a question of
so-called "mutual benefit" and that in thc giving of aid strategic
interests for the building of defence in the Pacific are being kept in
mind. The US aid to foreign, cAintries reached the sum of 7.5 billion
dollars last year, but in that framework only 4l8 millian dollars was
left to Point Four. The new Truman proposal envisages a new increase
of the portion of economic aid to Asia and Africa, but this is based
upon Rechefeller's Plan an absolute priority which should be given to
strategic raw materials.
However much they may be justified by the present-day situation,
these plans cannot fully satisfy what is called "Asiatic Rev)lutionl.
Indifference in Moscow
Feint Four or the Celombe Plan have bath their go)d and weak sides:
But however they exist; they are beingitalized and undoubtedly influence
the development of Asia and Africa. The Soviet Union, which c,ndemns
these plans as being "interference by the Imperialists" in the domestic
affairs of other countries as being an exclusive desire for "classical '
investment of capital, is in fact mixing in the Asiatic affairs in a very?
original way--by complete indifference towards the destiny of those
peoples. Moscow needs instability in Asia in order to create a fruitful
ground for its demagogical propaganda. Not :only that MOSCOW has not
made any proposal in the UN Ecenomic and Social Council, which deals
with the problem of international aid and investments, but also she is
impeeirlg every initiative made by the small countries.
In announcing the International Economic Cenference in YOSCoW, the
paper New Times, in its last issue, directs all its efforts towards
pripagandizing trade between East and West. Moreover, Moscow speaks
only of trade but not a word about aid. One of the aims of the Moscow
Conference is probably to disrupt the unity between the USA and Western
Europe. In the article under the headline "Benefits of Narmal Inter-
national Trade", aid to undeveloped areas is not oven mentioned. And
how de the YOSCJW economists imagine international trade? The buyer is
entitled to the prices which exist en world markets, says the article.
Since the undeveloped countries do not dispose of either sufficient
reserves of foreign exchange or, at least for the time being, with
credits by which they would be able to balance their foreign trade and
to develop their natural resources, they in such a system of trade l'at
world prices would fare in the same way as the countries of Eastern
Europe in their "trade relations" with Moscow.
Because of the sudden increase in the expenditures on rearmament,
the regional plans for general economic aid have been rendered question-
able or are only partially being realized. On the other hand, in asking
that much greater attention be paid to economic aid, certain circles in
the West are sometimes under-rating the real requirements of rearmament
for defence against the Soviet aggressive policy. It appears that even
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the paper Tribune is sometimes forr7otting this when it sees a slution
fur all evils in )nly the giving of cc)nomic aid. Peace in the first
place is necessary for ecDnomic development.
United Nations
At the UN there has for yars been taking pInce a bitter struggle
about vnri)us proposals for international finnncing of economy of the
undeveloped countries. This struggle was vury fierce also in Paris
during this winter. One can, hiwevur, c)nsidcr as being a success the
fact that the majority at the last sessi)n )f the UN Gen .ral kssembly
adopted the Yugoslav res)lution entrusting the Economic and Social
Council again with the task t) continue working In the project of such
an aid and to create a corresp)nling intJ,rnati)nal apparatus. It is
only in this way that it c)uld be achieved thnt all the nations, both
lnrge and small, sh)uld docide on the ,Iirections in expediencies of
such an aid. Any other s)lution, as we have seen, woul4 1031 to one-
sidedness and to great unevenness in the giving of aid.
It seems that this majority at the UN is bec)ming more-and-more
hmogeneous .and thatthe future belongs t) it. (sgd) Jurij Gustincic
(FOLITIKA - 27th larch, 1952)
DISCOVERY OF OIL IN hINTENEGRO.
For more than a year boring has been going on in Montenegro
to alscertain whether there is oil in this part of our country.
, The first positive results have been described to Borba by
comrade Komnen Cerovic, president of the douncil for Industry ahd
Uonstruction of Montenegro, who reports that oil has been found not
far from Fetrovac on Sea. The oil was found at a depth of 600 metres.
The well is sufficiently rich to warnnt its being tapped,
kn expert engineering commission from Belgrade inspected all
the workings in Buljavic and made the first discovery. However, the
dpputy president of the Council for Industry and.uonstruction
of the FPRY, Ljupo Arsov, says that further examination must be made
and that it would be premature to assert that the find of oil will
be exploited.
(BORBA - 29th March 1952)
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DECISIONS PERTAINING TO TRIESTE CAUOT BE TAKEN WITHOUT YUGOSLAVIA
News agencies and official reports from London, Washington and
Rome report that Great Britain and the USA have decided to hold a
conference with Italy "on giving participation to Italy in the admin-
istration of Zone A of the FTT." At the same time it has been reported
that elections in Trieste have been set for the 25th of May, which
means that they will be held at the same time as the elections in
central and southern Italy, and,finally,that by these elections the
system of joint lists, such as exists in Italy and which the Irreden-
tists have demanded so that by united forces with Fascists and
Cominformists they can gain affirmation of the 4Ita1ian character" of
Trieste, will be introduced.
This epilogue of Irredentist parades organized from Falazzio
Chiggi and this imposition by Italian representatives on some Western
governments by themselves require of our public to give its opinion
both to the 4est and to our neighbours on the other side of the
Adriatic.
The anti-Yugoslav actions in Rome are not the fruit of meditation
on the needs of security of our continent and of world peace but are
an attempt at speculation and blackmail. These actions pay no
attention to the need of a united atmosphere vis-a-vis the danger
of expansion and aggression. The actions by Rome are detrimental to
the atmosphere which defence of peace requires.
The blackmail which has been thought-out in Rome is the same as
the one four years ago, when the Demo-Christian Party extorted the
Tripartite Declaration for the needs of its pro-election campaign.
The whole flood of organized demonstration has this time too been
intended to exert pressure 9n the West and to show the
West that it "will lose Italy" if it does not help in the satisfying
of the appetites of Palazzio Chiggi.
In fact, everything that happened during the Fascist disorders
in Italy and in Trieste was organized in advance, the same as those
"manifestations" by the Irredentists of all kinds together with the
Cominformists and various Neo-Fascist organizations that shouted
Mussolini's slogans, made anti-Yugoslav excesses, assaulted British
flags, etc.
The Italian Government has not said a single word that it has net
had anything to do with the Fascist demonstrations which it itself
brought out into the streets. The Italian Government intentionally
wanted to make an impression on the West.
The decision of the Western Powers to negotiate with Italy about
her participation in the administration of Zone A represents in effect
a yielding to those who do not wish to create bearable relations which
are so important for the strengthening of peace and who in their
policy of blackmail are resorting to all means.
Do not the statements themselves,which we have (for example, from
press and Parliament in London) heard recently about the Fascist-
Cominformist character of the troubles in Italy, sufficiently speak to
the effect that the atmosphere in this part of the world is being
artifically poisoned from Rome? Is not this fact too sufficient to
show that the West should, in the first place, occupy itself with
bringing Palazzio Chiggi to its senses? Is not it in the interest of
peace that Rome should stop this suspicious practice which is equally
directed against Yugoslavia and against the other countries that value
peace?
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If we agree that the spirit of peace is the one which it is
necessary to maintain and strengthen, then, in the first place, the
spoiling of the international atmosphere because of some alleged
Italian internal reasons should not be permitted. It is particularly
SD if these reasons have been staged in an. artificial way and when
Rome in staging them is resorting to coalitions with the Cominformist
and Fascist enemies of both Yugoslavia and peace.
Finally, what is must important, another factor should be taken
into consideration here.
This factor is that there are no decisions pertaining to Yugo-
slav national interests that can be made without participation by
Yugoslavia. We are firm on this point, and all those who are con-
cerned can be assured of this firmness on oUr part.
The Western Powers should be aware of the reaction by our public
)pinion if they do not pay attention to this fact, because our public
considers as impermissible even the attempt to decide )n matters which
affec t our interests.
Our public firmly condemns also such 'methods and steps which have
neither moral justification nor legal grounds.
(Editorial).
(BORBA - 29th loarch 1952)
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NO SOLUTION WITHOUT YUGOSLAVIA
The night before last it was officially announced in Rome,
that the USA, Great Britain and Italy have agreed to "jointly
examine the situation in the American Zone of the FTT in order to
realise a more close mutual co-operation in the spirit of friendly
relations which unite them in the Atlantic Pact?.
? Immediately after the publishing of this communique, newspaper
agencies began to give comments of all possible well-informed and
uninformed circles. The Italian press commented upon this state-
ment in a way which suits it best. 11_42_glIgf.E.2 considers that with
this act it has been decided that Italy shouldparticipate in the
administration of Zone A. Quotidian? goes a step further and
concludes that the Italian troops will in any case become a compon-
ent part of the Allied forces which are now in Trieste. The
official representative of Palazzo Chiggi joyfully pointed out the
communique, which according to his idea represents a confirmation of
the Tri-Partite Declaration
When the Allied Military Ldministration published a few days
ago that the elections in Trieste will be held at the same time and
according to the same system as in Italy the piominent British
paper the Times said that this decision favours Italy anyhow and
added: !It is really unfortunate that the decision came directly
after the disorders".
The diplomatic correspondent of the Times was - to say thedaast-
mild -mvi.- di)lomatic. Because it is not a question if this
decision of the forthcoming meeting of the representatives of the
USA, Great Britaiu and Italy is fortunate or unfortunate) but it
is strange becaus6 Rullabaloo and rowdiness of the Trieste and
later Rome high school boys and the sound of breaking glass from
broken windows of the British Club in Trieste, succeeded in opening
three times Eden's doors to the Italian Ambassador and to create
finally the possibility of solving the very delicate Trieste
problem without Yugoslavia.
It seems strange that newspapers and certain circles in the
West who a few days ago rightly affirmed that the Fasicsts are
guilty of the Italian disorders, have now taken a somewhat too mild
awl friendly attitude in regard to those who suiported the disorders,
even if they had not organised them directly.
Many other facts point to. something else, something which has
not been said concerning the directing of the demonstrations in
Italy. During the disorders one could hear, besides purely
Fascist and Cominform slogans, also anti-British and anti-
American ones - particularly in Rome, Milan and Naples. Is it
not possible that Rome made use of this very argument in the
attempt to convince the West and the Atlantic'community cif the
need to satisfy.. their demands 3 After all, this will not be
the first time. The Tri-Partite Declaration came as a result of
a similar situation one or two days before the 1948 elections.
And finally is it also not true that Itoly 4.s,pl1y separated by
one year from the next elections? Rome h8taR'Pred cape before
the eyes of the West and proposes the only alternative: Triestet
We do not know what will be decided at the conference of
representatives of the USA, Great Britain and Italy. We know only
one thing - that Yugoslavia was not consulted in spite of the
general conviction which exists in the est - that the Trieste
problem can be solved only with the assistance of our country.
However, two things should be known in addition: first, that Italy,
in this month at the very moment when serious negotiations were on
hand between her representatives and the Yugoslav ones, gave
official support to disorders and incited the demonstrators to
anti-Yugoslav acts of violence; secondly, that Yugoslavia will
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continue in its efforts for a lust solution of Trieste and that it
has not the intention to sacrifice her rights - as it is proposed
to her by some "well-wishing" observers-- in order to satisfy the
ambitions of the Irredenta.
Let us hope that an attempt of unilateral solution of the
Trieste problem will not take place. And if it comes to it and
if the Italian a rmy and police - as the Italian papers say -
come to Trieste - it would be high time for Yugoslavia to revise
her attitude also.
(Sd.) L.D.
(POLITIKA - 29th March, 1952).
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LETTER TO THE EDITORIAL OFFICE OF "flORBA"
TATE SHALL; FIRMLY : Rffiz ;1]-(0. TO THE ATTEMPTS OF THE BLOOD*SUCKIN6
ITALIAN FASCISTS.
Comrade Editor,
We are witnessing the latest happenings in the FTT and in Italy,
happenings which at least mean an attempt to revamp the blackest
reaction--the Italian Fascism which was overthrown during the recent
war. The development of these events shows that they are not at all
accidental but that they have been carefully organized by the respons-
ible ruling circles of Italy.
After systematically and stubbornly refusing that the problem of
the FTT be solved by agreement between Italy and Yugoslavia, despite
all our proposals which indeed are the only possible basis for a real
s)lution of this problem, today we are being told in a very explicit
way that the Italian Government does not desire such an agreement. By
its transparent speculation and by its not-in-the-least-sincere policy,
the Italian Government is sharpening more and more the relations
between the two neighboring countriesand are thereby seriously under-
mining the foundations of world peace for which the entire peace-
loving mankind is struggling. The enemies of socialist Yugoslavia,
Irredentists, Cominformists and Fascists, have found themselves to-
gether on this platform of struggle against agreement. Old and tested
means have again been resorted to in order t achieve, what previously
at the time of monarchist Yugoslavia was not difficult to achieve.
The only thing is that the Irredentists of all colours have made a
mistake on one point. Our country is today a new .socialist Yugoslavia,
the homeland of free peoples with equal rights, a strong and independent
country which is united in the struggle for the defence of its rights.
Our country's reply to all the greedy attempts is a decisive NO! All
the peoples of Yugoslavia are equally interested in the question of
Trieste, and among these peoples also our Nacedonian people who are
following with great attention the most recent provocation of our
enemies and of the enemies of peace in general.
Our feelings are with the brotherly Slovene people who after
several centuries of servitude, forcible assimilation and annihilation
under foreign occupation must still bear this burden of servitude.
We voice our solidarity with the attitude of our government with
respect to the solution of the problem of the FTT, and we consider
that it is high time for the Italian Government to realize that the
path which leads to good neighbourliness and friendship, the path
which leads to peace, lies only in sincere and honest relations with
our country.
Skoplj _28th_Yarch
People's
POople's
People's
People's
(sgd)Risto Bajlski
Deputy in the Federal Council of the
Assembly of the FFRY for the District
of Gevgelia
(sgd) Zivko Brajkovski
Deputy in the Federal Council of the
Assembly of the FPRY for the District
of Djorce Petrov
(BORBA - 29th iTarch, 1952)
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FOREIGNERS ON MOSCOU'S LIST
For the first time since they were introduced, Stalin Awards were
given a few days ago to artists from foreign countries. The awards
were given to four Chinese, two Hungarians and one Frenchman. Natur-
ally, the Firstclass Wards were given to Soviet artists--in this case
what is Soviet had to be in the first place. However, the occurrence
is characteristic nevertheless.
In the world there exist many awards which are given ?to artists.
jome of them are international, and it is not to be wondered when they
are given to artists of foreign countries. Some of these awards are
national, and the Stalin Award has until this year been such an award.
The Stalin Award has always been given to authors of the best scienti-
fic and artistic works--exclusively inside the Soviet Union. This
year the practice has changed.
The Stalin Award has served as a means for acquiring the good
graces of intellectuals in foreign countries (and the award is not a
small one--50,000 rubles;) The Frenchman who received the award is
by all means the most interesting example among the awarded foreigners;
he is the only one who is not from a country which is directly under
Soviet dominatione This man is Andre Steel, a member of CC CP France
and Chief Editor of Humanite. In the issue of Humanite which pub-
lished the information on the giving of the award, it was said that
the award was given for the book The First Hit"'. Humanite went on to
say, "'The First Hit' is the Communist Party of France?the lighthouse
that shows, the path and conducts the activity for national independence
and peace." All the world knows what sort of a lighthouse the cr
France is and that its struggle for independence and peace is--the
activity which is being directed by Voscow.
Now you see what is being paid and what was on this occassion
paid by Stalin premiums: Support of the Soviet policy in foreign
countries. This means that if one says that the members of the
Cominform Parties are automatically exponents of Soviet foreign
then this is a sufficient argument for giving this year's
otalin Awards.
(POLITIKA - 24th Yarch, 1952)
RESOLUTION OF THE SLOVENE-ITALIAN DEMOCRATIC FRONT CONCERNING THE
APPLICATION OF THE ITALITD ELECTORAL LAW
(Trieste, March 28 Tanjug)
The Trieste democratic public and press sharply reacts to the
latest measures of the Anglo-American Military Government of the
FTT concerning the application of the Italian electoral law in the
Anglo-American Zone. The Slovene-Italian People's Front passed a
resolution protesting against applying the Italian electoral law
in the Anglo-American Zone of the FTT and emphasizes that it
violates the democratic principles, hurts the feeling of the Trieste
population and represents an obvious act of discrimination against
the Slovene population. The Slovene-Italian People's Front calls
upon all Trieste democratic parties to unite in the struggle for a
free and independent Trieste under the administration whith will truly
express the people's will.
Turning to the Italian intensions that Italy should also take
part in the administration of the Anglo-American Zone of the FTT,
Primorski Dnevnik emphasizes that it is evident that it deals here
with a new irredentist and fascist terror and the "D'Anunzio like
methods" in a new diplomatic form. The newspaper adds that it is
obvious that Italy will not be satified with this imperialistic
demand, but will consider this only as a first step.
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Corriera di Trieste also underlines that adopting the Italian
demand would bring to the final separation of the Anglo-American
Zone from the Yurroslav, which is in contradiction with the Pence
Treaty.
(BORBA, 29 March 1952)
MOSA PIJADE AND Dr. VIDMAR TO LEAVE FOR PARIS
Moss Pijade, Vico-President of the Provisional Committee of the
International Forum for Peace and Dr.Josip Vidmar, President of the
Yugoslav nationglCommittee for the Defence of Peace, will represent
Yugoslavia at the Second Session of the Secretariate of the Provisional
Committee of the International Forum for Peace which is to be held in
Paris on the 11th and 12th of April. At this Session further, activities
of this Forum will be discussed.
The International Forum for Peace *mas set up at the Peace
Assembly keld in Zagreb in October last year. The Forum has its
seats in Paris and Belgrade.
Ur_THE_OLD_ROAD
? (Yugopress)
(POLITIKA, 29 March 1952)
Since signing the Peace Treaty, Italy had plenty of time and
opportunity to show good will in finding a compromise solution of
the Trieste question. Yugoslavia showed far more patience and
understanding than it could be expected considering the bitter
experiencesin history. YligtsIvia'recently proposed another realistic
base for a compromise' ?solution, by which the question of Trieste,
as 8 source of dispute and trouble, would be put-dff from :the present
agenda. All this is well known. And what about the answer of Rome?
Rome left the incorrigible irredenta to answer. In Italy
chauvinism is being inceosantly inflamed, buried ambitions of Duce's
imperialistic sra are being enlivened, D'Anunzion like celebrations
against Yugoslavia are being held....The Rome politiciamcount upon
that they will by obtrusive intervening induce the support of the
West, and on the other hand by their inflexibilty paralyze the
Yugoslav efforts in reaching a compromise solution.
All this has been reflected in the preparations which preceded
the recent Irredentist provocations in Trieste. A Rome inspired group
in Which roecti nary, fascist and cominform elements were in accord
was let to enter the arena. The street demonstrations inTrieste
disclosed that it was not only the matter of naive parades of local
chauvinists, but - deliberate gathering and renewal of dispersed
forces of Italinn imperialism.
Rome's incessant refer2ing to the so-called priceless role of
Italy in the defence of Western Europe, after such ections,does not
represent anything else than a senseless speculation. The argument
by which Rome tries to blackmail the West is obviously misplaced.
The Rome politicians disregard the fact that they were given r
wide chance to show their devotion to the interests of international
co-operation, and that they still do not make use of that valuable
opportunity. What they do to Yugoslavia and what they are naw trying to
do through the irredenta in Trieste still more indicates that they
have nearly no understanding for a real international co-operation.
Sd. B.D.
POLITIKA - 24 March, 1952
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WURK OF THE LEGISLATIVE COldaTTEE OF THE TEOPL 'S ASSEFBLY OF SERBIA
Continuing its work yesterday, the Legislati7e Committee of the
People's Assembly of Serbia dealt with the articles of the Draft Law
on Division of Serbia into Municipaliti.Js, Towns and Districts.
For the purpose of more successful and easier work, there have
been set up four commissions (two for Serbia proper, one for the
Vojvodina and one for Kosmet) which have studied in detail the pro-
pos ale, demands and wishes of the meetings of voters as well as the
written applications made by some of 'the local agencies of authorities
pertaining to changes in the composition of various municipalities
and districts.
During the debate on the opinions exrressod by the commissions,
Comrade Milan Jovanovic submitted an amendment in the name of a group
of people's deputies. The amendment provides that in addition to the
district of Lipovaca there boalso abolished the district of Grocka
and the territories of these districts be in the main incorporated of
Belgrade with the exception of the remote municipalities which should
be included in the districts of rladenovac and Podunavlje.
If this proposal is accepted, then there would be no need of
creating a new district of Kosmaj as envisaged in the proposal of the
Government of Serbia. .The Legislative Committee decided to forward
this amendment to the Government of Serbia for consideration.
The committ:,e also cSnsidered the question of abolishing the
districts of Fosava and Cer and to set up a new district of Sabac
with the exception of some of the municipalities which would be
incorporated into the district of Macva, in which they had at one
time been.
It was decided to forward this proposal also to the Government
of Serbia for its consideration with the request that the government
prepare its opinion fir the next meeting )f the Assembly.
The committee is c)ntinuing its work.
(BORBA - 29th March, 1952)
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THE BASIC TASK OF FOREIGN POLICY ACTIVITIIP OF TR Z FPRY AND RELA-
777as WI 7 OnER COUNTRIES.
At the beginning of his speech, assistant Foreign Minister Dr.
Leo Mates said that the p:rx&e4 budget of the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs of the FPRY for 1952 vat based mainly on the execution, of
last year's budget, in which period the Ministry succeeded in making
and important saving of 31,725.309 dinars. The Drift of the Budget
for 1952 is somewhat higher, because the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
has taken over on lts budget a number of officials and employees of
the farmer 'Ministry of Foreign Trade, while quotas for international
organisations have increased,
Over 1,500 incidents in the past year.
The already known Soviet Union policy continued throughtout the
past year.Against our dipiemettntrypresnritativetAkadinfficialpAliat'ic
criminatry acts are persistently carried out and upon our national
minorities an increased pressure is exerted,
" During 1951 - safd Dr. Mates - agents of neighboring countries
of the Soviet bloc have provoked a total of 1517 incidents, and du-
ring the first two months of this year another 238 frontier incideutai
occurred, provocations, violation of Yugoslav territory and Yugoslav
air space. During 1951 until to-day, on the borders of our country
toward the countries of the Soviet Bloc 6 yugoslav frontier guards
have been killed and 10 wounded, "
development of
Speaking about relations with neighboring countries, Leo Mates
said that with the coming to power of liberal and democratic ele-
ments in Greece, an atmosphere was created for improving relations
with this country.
Inspite of the existence of some difficulties, we have concluded
last year an agreement concerning railway, pebtai,? telegrapla,and
telephone communications, an agreement concerning Air traffic, as
well as the trade agreement in april 1951. All these agreements
are being ap. lied normally,
One of the unsolved questions, which .represented a hindrance in
the relations between the two countries,was tlso thetquastion:ef t
children from Greece.After the elimination of difficulties which
prevented the right appliance of the United Nations"Resolution
concerning the return of Greek children to their parents and when .
satisfactory data.began to come in concerning children and parents,
who are in Greece, this problem began to be solved in a satisfactory
manner, So far 385 children have been returned to parents in Greece,
'while to parents in Canada, Australia and France 60 children were
returted4
The development of cultural and sports relations began also,
while cooperation in the veterinary, meteorological and other servi-
ces exists already.
Pro roba has been made in relations with the Austrian Re ublic,
Speaking about the progress made in relations with the AustriAn
Aepublic Dr. Leo Mates said :
? " Examining oAr,x?..lations with Austria one must take into account
of course the faccrlia Austria occupation forces are still there. It
is unnecessary to underline that Yugoslavia would greet the earliest
possible conclusion of a State agreement concerning Austria, which -Ad
would enable a better crioperation between the two countries. Yugo-
slavia is following with interest the efforts of talL:those who
work on it sincerely. Tiovievelr inspite of that, there existpossi-
bilities to solve all oubst-snding questions. Their kulution
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will depend in the first place to what measure our efforts will
meet with understanding in Austria.
Brutal denationalisation gf our popnlatian urIgar_Itgly_s_
Dr. Mates then went on ic speak about the Trieste problem, saying
that the Slovene and Croati-i population in Italy was exposed to
extreme brutal denationalisation even before fascism and during it,
and in an increased measure during the war and to-days
" The denationalising measures - said Mates - in pre-war Italy
were not only confined to closing down schools in the mother tongue
and cultural and educational societies, and institutions,b4t they
wet so far as to prohibit completely the ms.,t1..er tongue, forceful
change of names, heavy economic pressure, depopulation of Slovenes
and Creations in order to settle Italians in their places, destroy-
ing social property and the closing down of economic institutes.
Even the names of the dead were changed on their monuments in
cemetries.
" I considered as necessary to refer to these occurrences in the
past, because they have no doubt left a deep trace, because they
could not have been left without results, They have influenced to
a large extent and are still influencing the change of the national
character of this region.
n From what I have just said resulted the basic attitude of our
delegation at the Peace Conference in Paris in 1946, when our dele-
gation demanded that, in regard to the still clearly drawnbort of
ethnically our territorylthe State frontier between Italy and Yugosla-
via should be drawn in such a way,st tbat.:amongst other thingslt>,,
Yugoslavia's right to the whole region of the FTT should be recog-
nised, which makes with Yugoslavia an economic entity and which
belongs no doubt to this ethnically our territory inspite that there
exist in it Italian islands created by settling and denationalisa-
tion.
??
These words of Leo Mates met with approval and applause. Mates
then continued his expose.
Because the Peace Treaty did not bring a solution and because the
appliance of the Peace Treaty to FTT our Government considered as
inrealisable - because the creation of the FTT is realisible only
as the result of an agreement between Italy ?ssd Yugoslavia, who '
would undertaXe the obligation to act in the direction of toleravo3
and cooperation of Italians, Slovenes and Croat - the Yugoslav
Government expressed the wish that this problem should be solved
by a IA-lateral agreement between Italy and Yugoslavia.
It was shown however that these " attempts met with difficulties".
Organised waves of anti-yugoslav campaign,
According to Mates - one of the difficulties lies in the fact
that in Italy nearly every year omeun-nnecuorntwice strtutcwaves
of anti-yugoslav campaign in which participate also responsible
Italian state representatives. The second circumstance is that the
Italian Government shows no signs whatsoever? to comprehend that
Yugoslavia cannot accept negotiations on the basis of the Tri-Partite
Declaration of the governments of USA, Great Britain and France in
1.948, according to which the whole of the FTT should be given to
Italy.
? These difficulties, namely the lack of understanding and good-will
of our neighbors and the incitement of irredentist tendencies has
led up to the fact, that all cdntrtts-iitherto could not develop
further than from exchanging points of view. After all, members of
this Assembly, as well as all our publL.: knew.. from the recent
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statement. given by, the Prime Minister that all our proposals, in-
cluding the proposal to create FTT as q separate entity under the su,43,r
supervision of Italy and Yugoslavia mere-islAlly'refuted`..
Economic agreements - means for strenghtening economy and Defence
potential.
In order to solve the current deficit of the Payments Balamce
Sheet, our Government has demanded and received economic aid from
the USA Government to a total amount.of 61,5 million dollars last
year, from the British Government 11,5 million dollars and from
France - 6 million dollars. Negotiations are now on hand concerning
the amount of help for this year.
On January 8, 1952 an agreement was concluded in Belcrade cancer-
ntrig Eo-momic Cooperation between USA and Yugoslavia, which represent
an ivlportant :general., . ' arrangement and foresees agreements
concerning giving economic aid to our country in the . period bet-
ween now and and 1955. At the same time Yugoslavia has received
favourable credits from other countries also.
"The -Apasic.sobjclettltesWall these agreements is the strenghtening of
our economy and our defence potential, in order to make firm our
indepeldence and secure peace for our peoples."
Then Leo Mates gave data concerning the development of our re-
presentations abroad.
? At the end Mates refered to the work of the FPRY Delegation at
the VIth Session of the General issembly of the United Nations, un-
derlining that the starting port of activities of our delegation was
tocoottribtte-as =Oh as poatibIe of the safeguard of Peace and
for the development of democratic relations between the nations.
( BuRBA March 30, 1952 ).
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NO CONCLUSIONS MADE AT THE CONFERENCE BETWEEN USA,GREAT BRITAIN AND
ITALY WILL BE BINDING FOR YUGOSLAVIA.
At the yesterday's session of the People's Assembly, the people's
deputy Dobrica Cosic put a question to Foreign Munister Kardelj, if
Yugoslavia was consulted concerning the conference which will take
place between the USA, Great Britain and Italy and which will discuss
the participation of Italy in the administration of Zone A.
Edvard Kardelj being absent, this question was answered by Dr1Leo
Mates, assistant Foreign Minister,
" Comrades, said Mates,- our Government was not consulted concer-
ning the intention of calling the above mentioned conference in
London between the representatives of Great Britain, USA and Italy
concerning problems of administration in Zone A. We have read and
discovered however that the press in a number of countries has written
that Yugoslavia was t consulted in this.it?rd, I would like, as
this. quattinn has been posed here already, to deny most emphatically
on this occasion these news, And something much more, While I was
speaking this morning in this House our Government was not as !ret
informed officially about this conference. The only thing we Atnew
was that which we have read in the papers,
I would not like to go deeper into the matter, but as I am speaking
here, I would like to say a few words about it, Taking into consi-
deration the circumstances in regard to the calling and composition
of this conference, it is clear absolutely that no conclusions,
'which might be made at this conference can have a binding force in
respect to our country and cannot influence neither the attitude
of our Government in regard to the FTT problem nor the rights which
our country has according to the Peace Treaty as well as the inte-
rests which are guarantted to it by the Peace Treaty in regard to
the FTT:'( Long applause ),
( POLITIKA, 30 March 1 1952 ).
BELGRADE. CITIZENS SEND TELEGRAM TO MARSHAL TITO .
" the Belgrade citizens protest most energetically against the
attempt to solve the Trieste problem unilaterally and without the
partcipation of Yugoslavia by a policy of blackmail.
All sincere strivings of our Government for a mutual solution, the
Italian Government answers by organising different hostile acts
against our country. Musslini/s fascists, c,-L1nformists and irre-
dentists are united in the struggle against new Yuopelavia:and-:thils
endanger Peace in this part of Europe.
We have not forgotten the crimes which were committed in Yugoslavia
by those who wish to grab to-day the inseparable part of our country
and who stand today at the head of the hostile campaign against
Yugoslavia. But they have forgotten too soon how have fared all
conquerors who have tried to rule our peoples, Defending the rights
and independence of her country, Yugoslavia defends at the same time
Peace in the world. This should not be forgotten by those who think
to-day that they can decide without Yugoslavia - concerning Yugo-
slavia.
No one has the right to decide without us concerning our national
interests. And for this reason the problem of Trieste cannot be also
solved withontt the participation of the people and Yugoslavia'. s
Government,
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The Belgrade citizens as well as the citizens of the whole country
will continue to give full support to our Government in the just
solution of the Trieste problem, We never tthtt which bnongedtto
somebody else but we will not give also ours to anybody,
Long live the FPRY - fighter for Peace and equal relations among
the peoples in the World:
Long live the Marshal of Yugoslavia, Josip Broz Tito:
(
POLITIKA March 30, 1952 ).4
PRIOR TQ THE RESUMPTION OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN YUGOSLAVIA AND JAPAN
An announcment from the Yugoslav Ministry of Foreign Affairs describes
a recent message from Mr. Josida, President of the Japanese government and
Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs, to 'Edward Kardelj, Yugoslav Minister
of Foreign Affairs, concerning Japanese?Yugoslav diplomatic relations.
Although the contents of the message have not been published, it is considered
that it has removed all difficulties concerning the establishing of normal
relations between Japan and Yugoslavia. This will take place as soon as the
Peace Treaty with Japan .comee.irito effect.
Conversations on the establishing of direct contact between Japanese:and
Yugoslavi governmentstook place in Washington in November of last year between
the Yugoslav Embassy and the Japanese political agency. According to an
agreement reached at this time, the state of war existing between the two
countries would be abolished by means of an exchange of notes, to be
published simultaneously in Tokyo and Belgrade. (Jugopres)
(BORBA ? 30th March 1952)
YUGOSLAV PILOTS TAKE PART IN FLYING COMPETITIONS IN FRANCE
The trench Society of Sporting Competitions has invited the Yugoslav
Air Association to send a pilot tp France who would take part in flying
competitions in jet aircraft, having first completed a course on how to fly
them. It is announced that the Yugoslav Air Association has accepted the
invitation.
(POLITIKA ? 30th March 1952)
TJGOSLAV VETERINARY SURGEONS VISIT THE US
It is understood that seven wellknown Yugoslav veterinary surgeons
representing all our republics, have left for the US where they will stay
for two and a half months to study veterinary problems and the struggle
against various cattle diseases. They will visit a number of US institutions
and model farms. The trip is being organised by the US Ministry of
Agriculture in connexion with the Administration for Mutual Security.
(POLITIKA ? 30th March 1952)
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FIFTH REGULAR SESSION OF THE PEOPLE'S ASSE1.BLY OF THE FPRY.
The joint session of both Councils of the People's Assembly of
the FPRY was eeld yesterday under the chairmanship of the Speaker
of the Federal Council Jesip Vidmar.
The Assembly continued debate on the draft of the Social Plan
of the FPRY for 1952,n the preposed budget for 1952 and on the draft
of the Law Authorizing the Government )f the FPRY to establish Social
Funds.
In the morning's ebate the foil wing took part:LJUBCO ARSOVI
deputy president of the Council for Industry and Public Works of the
Government of the FPRY; KRSTO POPIVODA,pr:sident el.' the Council for
Communications and Connections of the Government of the FPRY; BOGDAN
CRNUBRi,,JA and LEO leITES,Assistant Foreign Finisters, end the people's
deputies 1,TILOAAD Z3RIC(PR Serbia),JAKOV BLAZEV1C(PR Croatia) and FdANC
LEBKOBEK(PR Slovenia).
At the beginning of the afternoon's sessi,n, people's deputy
DOBRICA COSIC(PR Serbia) asked a question concerning the London
Conference. Leo MateslAssistant Foreign Pinister,replied to the
question.
After that,the following people's deputies took part in the
debate on the drafts of the laws: V1DOJE SiolLEVSAI(FR racedonia);nd
.1,FKET kiAGLAJIC( PR Bosnia Herzegovina).
The following people's deputies spoke about the Irredentist
cal-)aign which is going on in Italy and about the London, Conference:
I/AL REGENT(PR Slovenia);DUSAN DIDULIC(PR Croatia);VELIBOR LJUJIC
(FR Serbia);JUeTO 1,3AROTI(PR Croatia) ;RADE FRIBICEV1C(PR Croatia);
JuSIP SESTAL(PR Slavonia) and FANCE BEVK(PR Slovenia).
'Ihe Assembly will continue its work on londay at 9 Ar.
The most important speeches made during this session of the
Assembly will be published by BORBA in full in a special pamphlet
which will co:le )ut immediately 7rrer the Assembly finishes its work.
Speech by Ljubco Arsov:
" The draft of the Social Plan for 1952 provides for social
production the scope of which is: for industry and mining 398,759
million dinars or 40 per cent f the total value of social'
production; for forest industry 18,385 million linars or 1,8 per cent
of the total value of social production,and for building industry
49,668 million dinars or 5.0 per cent of the tital value of social
production.
"In the total value of social production of ipduttry and:mining
are participating: electrl-ecen-)my,ceal and oil
13.9 r6rcent; ferrous
and nen-ferrous industries . to 6)7 per cent;netal processing,
shipbuilding end electric industries to 22,6 per cent, and textile,
loather and footwearlfoed,printing and tobacco industries ; to 38.1
per cent.
"The basis for fixing the general value ,f production in this
year is the realized production in tis past year.
"In the drafting of the proposal of the Social Flan for this
year in industry and building and in the fixing of the index of
utilization of capacities,we have been guided by the idea that the
raw materials basis be utilized to fullest P)5 sible extent,and that
the 'recess industry,which is tied to the domestic raw materials basis
and to impJr413
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"The proposed indices of capacities do not essentially differ from
those in the initial draft of the Social Plan (tables) and are based
upon a realistically envisaged ensurance of the pr)ducti)n of raw
materials and labour farce."
Ljuh arcov then said that the labour force is no longer an
unsolvable problem for our industrial and building enterprises--which ,
is the result of the economic measures which have already been carried
out.
The building' of our basic branches of ecanaliaLis entering its final
phase
When the building of the industrial plants envisaged in the Social
Plan is cemileted, our industrial production will be boosted by nearly
174 billion dinars in value of production of gods or by about 21 per-
cent of the value of the production of go)ds envisaged .for this year.
"For our electro-ec)nemy investments for this year, we are en-
visaging a sum of 26,116.5 million dinars or 24.2 % of all the invest-
ments. With the completion of building and equipping of all the
hydro- and therm)-:electric power plants on which work has been started,
our economy will annually be getting about 2 billion kwh of new energy.
"During the present year all the building work on all our electric
power plants, with ?the excepti)n )f Yavrav), should be completed.
"In additional tcl the electric power plants, we are also building
630 kilometres )f high-tensi)n lines of 110 kil)watts, high- voltage
transformer stations and high-tension lines anl transf)rmer stations
of 35 kilowatts.
"a sum of 6,745.8 million dinars or 5 percent of all the invest-
ments has been envisaged for investments in the coal industry.
"Our investment work in the coal industry has been concentrated
on twelve big )bjects. In this .we are particularly developing open-
pit mining which makes possible large and cheap production.
"at the end of this year due to the arrival of new mechanization,
the capacity of our coal mines will be increased by another 2 million
tons, while by putting into operation of the large separation install-
ations in Kakanj and Kreka the quality of coal will be improved.
"During the present year, the coke works in Lukavac will be put
into operation with a capacity of 225,000 tans of coke annually, while
the coke works in Zenica will be put into operation in 1953. These
two coke works will use home coal for the production of coke.
"In our fefrous metallurgy this year there will be invested
24,516.7 million dinars or 18.1 percent.
"By the completion of the plans on which work has begun, we shall
achieve together with the existing capacities in pig iron a capacity
if 340,000 tons this year, and during the coming year, when the blast
furnace at Zenica is put into operation, a capacity of 530,000 tons
or five times mire than in 1939.
"In Siemen's Yartin Steel we shall achieve at the end of this year
a capacity of 611 CO tons and at the end al 1953, a capacity of
78oluo0 tons or 3times more than in 1939.
"In electro steel the capacity at the and if this year will be
50,000 tons or 17 times more than in 1939.
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In rolled, wrought and cast steel, the capacity by the end of this
year will be 400,000 tons, and in 1953 590,000 tons, or 3.3 times more
than in 1939.
"In the course of this year the following big plants will be put
into operation:
"The blooming mill with a capacity of 400,000 tons of steel ingots;
the forging and pressing shop of 1850 tons in Zenica, the first blast
furnace in Zenica of 200,000-ton capacity which will be put into
operation in 1953 (because of delay in delivery of equipment for prepa-
ration of ore). In Sisak there will be rut into operation this year
e small pipe mill of a capacity of 20,000 tons, while the rest of the
installations will be put into operation in 1953.
By putting into operations of these and other smaller plants in
the course of this year and by the completion of the work of building
other capacities, we shall make an enormous jump in the satisfying of
the neels of production of ferrous metallurgy f3r national defence
and for machine building, as well as meeting many of the requirements
by our own production.
"In nonferrous metallurgy there was invested this year 12,731
million dinars or 9.4 percent of the total investments.
"This year we shall be putting into operation the electrolytic
copper plant in Bor.
"In our aluminium industry we are exrending electrolytic treatment
of aluminium at the plant in Razine by 4,500 tons and we are also
continuing the building of the first section of the big aluminium
plant in Strnisce. The building part on these plants will be completed
during this year.
"Out of all the investments, 6,408.5 million or 4.7 percent goes
to metal industry.
"By completion of the plants on which work has been started in our
metal industry, there will be considerably increased the production
which will satisfy home needs while a part of it can be reserved for
export.
"I have given here some data and cited Sane examples of building
of investment projects in our key industries. The building of objects
in the rest of our industry is.in a similar situation.
"es can be seen from the examples which I have cited here, the
completion of the basic branches of our economy this year is indeed
entering upon the final stages, and it will depend upon the tempo of
arriving of equipment and the installation of that equipment, how soon
full capacities will be realized. Our efforts should be directed in
the first place towards speeding up of work on building, and particu-
larly on getting equipment and on shortening the time as much as possible
so that the means and enormous work which we have invested up till now
should not lie frozen in uncompleted objects.
(BORB:i - 30th March, 1952)
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SPEECH BY THE PEOPLE IS ZEPUTY FRZO LESKOSEK
Comrades peoPlets deputies, as soon as the draft Federal Social Plan
was made public, we compared it with the estimates of the Social Plan for
Slovenia and found out a difference of 20,400,000,000 dinars as regards
accumulation. In this connection I must emphasize that the workersI
collectives did not take part in this but that this was done by the heads
of the administration apparatus. Therefore it was suite clear that the
difference did not come from a possible error in figuring out the estimates
of the Federal Social Plan, nor in disclosure of reserves or new possibili-
ties within enterprises. On the other hand, I must also emphasize that the
first estimate could not be more exact because at that time the comrades
in the administration apparatus did not yet have at their disposal correct
data concerning the prices.
On the basis of all this one can see that we must continue to figure
out the accumulation and engage the workers1 collectives to participate in
this work. As a result we were bound to analyse all questions under consi-
deration in collaboration with enterprises and higher economic associations.
Oa that occasion we again indicated to all possibilities for a reduction in
costs of operation and an increase in accumulation In that way we found
out a difference of 3,405,000,000 dinars in Slovenia. Taking tato conside-
ration the change in prices which occurred later on, we can see an ,
increase of 4 billion dinars on the totai amount of accumulation as envisaged
in the draft Federal Social Plan worked out on the basis of formerly valid
economic prices in Slovenia. Changes which influenced this change to take
place in Slovenia are as follows: fall in prices in non-ferrous metallurgy
(totalling 3,800,000,000 dinars), ghange in the price of medicaments
(tatalling 460,000,000 dinars), of packtng material ( 300,000,000 dinars),
the prices of various transport charges (amounting to 1 billion dinars),
fall in prices and restriction on production plan concerning petroleum
amounting to /00,000,000 dinars.
Following calculations which produced these results, members of the
wOrkers1 councils of higher economic associations held a conference to
disquss this matter and give their own suggestions and observations as to
the draft Social Plan of the FPRY. I must establish it as a fact that the
workerst collectives realized their task in its essence, Thereby they were
able in some enterprises to discover great possibilities for a reduction in
the costs of production, thus increasing accumulation, despite objections
by employees, various calculators and people versed in commerce.
But it was also established that some of the workers 1 collectives
examined the Social Plan. from their own narrow point of view. Bepresenta-
tives of certain enterprises who attended the meeting of members of werkers1
councils of higher economic associations put forward such proposals which
are contrary to our new economic system. In this connection they indicated
the individual rate of accumulation. However, there are some cases where
amendments to be made necessarily will be to thd advantage of workers1
collectives, as Comrade Kidric said in his report submitted yesterday,
but a tendency inclined towards individual rate of accumulation intended
to conceal their irrational management cannot be justified.
Comrades People's Deputies, The draft Federal Social Plan which is
now before you pending your approval is of a great political significance
representing a futher step towards the building up of socialism, abolition
of a bureaucratic system of management and freeing of initiative on the part
of workers1 collectives aimed at an increase in production and productivity
of work, and on the top of all that directed towards the rising of welfare
of the working people. According to this Social Plan it has become obvious
how closely connected are the interests of each particular producer with
those of the society and the individuals. The workers' collectives of
Slovenia have conceived this Social Plan as such. This conception was
best displayed on the occasion of this year's elections of members of
workers' councils when the producers themsolvea_revealed their full re-
sP?nsibAl)Mic?fietriiPkgasgig2/6111/0/11)Pt
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On this basis and provided that the organization of production is good
and productivity of work increased, the workers' collectives in Slovenia
will be able to realize a national revenue amounting to 138,944,000,000
dinars, being 65,000 dinars per inhabitant. This will be made possible
thanks to the erection of key ibjectives under construction but which
will be completed in the course of this year.
I approve the Draft Social Plan and I will vote in its favour.
(BORRA, March 30, 1952)
OUR GOVERNMENT HAS NOT BEEN El THEN INFORMED OR CONSULTED IN CONNECTION WITH
THE CONFERENCE OF GREAT BRITAIN, THE UNITED STATES OF Aii22ICA AND ITALY
At yesterday's afternoon session of the Assembly the debate was
continued and the people's deputy Dobrica Cosic demanded that the Minister
of Foreign Affairs or his Deputy give a reply to the question whether Yugo-
slavia was consulted in connection with a conference to be held by repre-
sentatives of the United States of America, Great Britain and Italy in
London, according to press reports, to take up the question of Italian
participation in the administration of zone A of the FTT. In the absence
of Edvard Kardelj, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, his Deputy Leo Mates
declared his readiness to give necessary information. Thereupon the
Assembly agreed that Mates may answer the question put forward by the
deputy Cosic.
"Comrades people's deputies - Leo Mates stated - our Government has
not been consulted on the intention to call up the above mentioned confe-
rence in London to be attended by representatives of Great Britain, America
and Italy to deal with the questions concerning the government in zone A.
We have, as a matter of fact, read and learnt that the press in a number of
countries stated and wrote in that connection that Yugoslavia has been
consulted . Since this question was raised here, I would like immediately
to deny such news most energetically. Even more than that. While I was
speaking here this morning, our Government was not even officially notified
about this conference. The only thing we learnt about it was from press
reports.
I would not like to discuss this problem in detail now, but since I have
already touched upon it, I might still say something to this effect. On
the basis of circumstrces under which the conference was called up and
cnoice
assuming from tnet,par les to participate in it, it is quite obvious that
no Conclusions which might be brought about at this conference can be valid
as regards our country or influence our Government in taking its attitude
towards the problem of the FTT and the rights which have been granted tc
our state by the Peace Agreement, or the interests which have been guaranteed
as regards the FTT according to the Peace Treaty".
The end of speech by Comrade Mates was accompanied by a prolonged
applause, while, as regards the people's deputy Cosic,he declared his
satisfaction with the reply received.-
.
(BORBA, March 30, 1952)
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SPEECH BY KRSTO POPIVODA, PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL OF TRANSPORT
AND COMMUNICATIuNS OF THE FPHY GOVERNMENT
"About 200 kilometres of new railway lines have been laid during
1951 and the following lines opened to traffic: Markovac Despotovac,
Puracic Doboj, Semizovac - Vogosce, while the other will be
opened to traffic in the course of this year.
By completing these 200 kilometres our railway building fulfilled
and exceeded the tasks of the First Five Year Plan in the period
1947 - 1951, completing 1,585.3 kilometres of new railway lines
by which it exceeded the tasks of the Five Year Plan by 6% and the
reconstruction of destroyed bridges in the length 301308 metres,
fulfilling the plan by 152%.
-
For such success and accomplishment of our investment building
of our railway lines, beside the railway building enterprises,
great merit goes to our self-sactificing youth, which in constructing
such important projects brought in its youthful ardour and. u high
patriotic consciousness.
The following are under consturct,,n: Breza - Vares, is in the
final stage. By its opening to the traffic this year it will enable
uninterrupted supply. of the iron works at Zenica with necessary
quantities of ir,n ore and the supply of Vares with coke and other .
needs. The railway line Konjic Jablanica. Un this sector the
narrow gauge is replaced and the road is under construction.
Further, the railway lines Doboj - Banja Luka and Stalije -
Lupoglav are being finished.
The railway line Resnik - Stopojovac is under construction.
On this railway line for thc moment works on the tunnel Bela
Heka are being forced, whose construction will enable the
connection of the Kolubara coal basin with the rest of the
normal gauge network.
The railway line Brodice - Majdanpek will be under construction
this year. This part of the railway line has an extraordinary
significance for the development and expanding of the mine basin
of copper, lead and zinc in the mine area of Majdanpek.
The railway line, Skoplje - Gostivar which is being completed,
links Skoplje with Tetovo and Gostivar connecting chrome mines
and Radusa and Ljuboten, spinning mills at Tetovo and the hydro
electric plant at Mavrovo.
In the sea traffic the main point of our investment building is
directed towards enabling and enlargin our chief sea ?ports:
Rijeka, Sibenik, Split, Kardeljovo and the port of Bar, the enlarp:ftent
of their quais and the supply of necessary equipment 'for
rational work.
Krsto Popivoda spckeabout, successes in postal, road and air
transport. But he emphasized that the achieved successes in respect
to the volume and speed of buiding were not followed by successes =
in regard to cheaper and better fulfillment of these tasks.
The question of tariffs
The level of new tariffs for passenqer transport and postal,
telegraphic and telephone services has been established mainly
in accordance to the volume of correct use of capacity and the
correct distribution of expenditures of the population to the
transport services, which has to affect to harricnize.thaavailable
goods' funds
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The transnort before the war was included in the total
expenditure of the population with 3.38%, in 1951 with the
total exenditure including coupons by 2.96% and according
to the rdan of the goods-mJnetary balance sheet the monetary
expenditures for transport in 1952 will be included in the
total expenditures of the population by about 3.62%.
From the hitherto analysis made on economic branches
it was established that the new tariffs mainly corresPond
to new economic prices of products and the inclusion of
transpert expenditures in the price. However, for certain
categories of transport the need of further harmonizing
tariffs arose, that is, giving special reductions for certain
kinds of transport and special kinds of goods. Some corrections
have already been made, as for example, for the transport of
vegetables, milk etc.
The need is imposed to make certain corrections in the
passenger tariff in order to attract a greater number of passengers,
to utilize the railway capacity and at the same time to satisfy
the workers/ needs
Here I may underline that all transport branches provided
by the plan for 1952, and on the basis of transport tariffs, the
fixed volume of transport and the fixed expenditures of
exploitation, will achieve the total accumulation of 391496
million dinars".
Minister Popivoda then spoke about the business relation
between the transport and those who use transport Means, about
the tasks in this year and the workers management in railway
traffic.
"Such a large collective as the railway which attained
great successes in its work since the liberation up to the
present moment - said Minister Popivoda - certainly deserves
to have its own organs of workers' management. It is beyond
doubt that the introduction of workers' councils in reilway
is a mature matter and to undertake measures as SOGI3 as
possible to put it into operation. This will be the essential
change in the organization, in the system of management and
the running of railways, this will be one of the basic
guarantees of progress of our railway traffic".
Maritime Affairs
Then he set down data which illustrates the development
of our merchant fleet. Popivoda said that our merchant fleet
will receive in the 'course of 1952 several new units and that
for the overseas navigation the ship "Vojvodina" the motor
boat "Ayala", constructed in our shipyards, then for our
coastal navigation the repaired ship "Partizan", as well as
6 other units from our shipyards.
The end of Krsto Popivoda's speech was cheered with
applause by people's deputies.
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SPEECH BY 1uILOR4D ZORIC ON "INDEPENDENCE OF THE REPUBLICS AND OF THE
PEOPLE'S COMIATT,ES, I ADIq ST LT Oi Oti SOCIAL FUNDS
Minister Zone said, "Such a proposed budget opens many broad
possibilities to the people's republics and to the people's committees
in respect to handling social funds.
"This year the people's republics and people's committees will draw
up their own budgets and then they will independently decide how much
of the total media- which they have at their disposal will be eirmarked
for expenses for those things which they must finance.
"If the budget media are not completely sufficient to satisfy all
the needs which the budget must finance, nevertheless there are hidden
reserves in the social fund outlays in the forms of various expenses
which are not urgent and at times are not necessary. Revealing such
reserves will enable the people's republics and people's committees to
make better use of the media which are tied up for such expenses.
And there are such reserves in the proposed budget.
?These reserves always existed and we must look for them and uncover
them first of all in the further reduction of administrative outlays
which otherwise enables the present undertaken measures and specifically
the measures which will be undertaken to be carried out in the reorgan-
ization of social administration. There is no doubt that these measures
for discovering r eserves will .meet and have already met resistance in
the remnants of bureaucratic concepts, the type we still have in our
administrative machine. We must be prepared for this and decisively
break this resistance fpr eertain bureaucratic concepts and tendencies
wish to held as many certain material positions as possible by means
of the budget.
"This independence of the reople's republics and people's committees
in disposing with the media. . for the social funs is invigorated by the
fact that this year the people's republics will completely disrese with
the income from its populace, for according to law the Federal Budget
,no longer participates in income derived from taxes.
"If we add to this that the state acts of. the federal agencies no
longer designate the concrete quotas of income fr)m social c)ntributions,
which are raid by the economy. but only percentages of participation of
individual people's republics and that the people's republics act in
this manner in their relation to the reople's c)mmittees; all of this
helps to give more independence to the people's republics and pe)rle's
committees.,
"All of this shows that in the new economic system the democratic
right of self-management of the people's republics and pe)ple's
committees is getting a broader and yet-stronger material basis.
"For example, in utilizing these rights and departing from the
stated principles for discovering reserves in )utlays, the Government
of PR Serbia in drafting its budget intends to assure greater media
forTromoting agriculture this year in respect t) the importance of
agriculture in this expressed agricultural territory.
"Considering that the proposed Social Plan of the Federal Budget of
1952 best corresponds to the interests of socialist Yugoslavia under
present conditions, I am going to vote for the proposed law."
(BORBA -30th Yarch, 1952)
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OUR II:TERATIOivAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS
After that Bogdan Crnobrnja,A8sielmayeForeign Mnister took the
floor.
The Inter-lational economic situation was marked in 1951 with a
number of difficulties - said Crnobrnja.This came as a result of the
general international tension besides those most important economic
consequences which are provoked by a policy of spheres of interest in
the whole world's economy.The undiminished international tension
imposed expenditure for armaments. This led up to disturbances in the
economies of individual countries.
Inspite of the fact that the conditions on the international
market were difficult and because of the existence of certain res-
trictions,, the world trade incomparison to 1950 has increased.
Forms of our economic cooperation with foreign countries.
1). The Foreign Trade Goods Exchange. - By exporting our goods
to the world market we create means for purchasing goods necessary
to our economy. This is the basic form of our economic relations.
2). International Loans and Credits .- The use of international
credits and loans is one of the important forms of our international
economic cooperation.Until December 31, 1951 our country has made
use of or has the right to use according to existing agreements
269,360.000 revolving dollars of international long-term and medium-
term credits and loans. Until December 31, 1951 of this amount
20,560.000 revolving dollars have been repaid.
As our largest creditors appear USA, Great Britain and estern
Germany. One must underline that post war economy in Great Britain
is struggling with great difficulties,therefore this figure of re-
ceived loans is all the more important to us.
Ive receive loans under normal commercial conditions.
In the first place our government has demanded help from the
USA - in order to overcome the consequences of the drought and recei*
ved 64,220,000 dollars.We were then given help in food by Franoe
to the extent of 886.600- dollars , from Belgium 159,000 dollars,from
Canada 44,300 dollars, from the organisation= " Care" 35,315.270
dollars. The total amount of help received in food was 100,580.840
dollars.
Our country is the only one in the world which receives the
so-called Tri-Partite /id (from the USA, Great Britain and France)
although the'two latter are struggling with economic difficulties.
That means that in our independence is not only interested this or
that country but a great part of the world. Such a way of receiving
help introduces much more stability in our international relations.
In the Western countries the people are getting more and more
convinced that Yugoslavia is one of the most consequent fighters for
)eace, for sincere international co-operetim, for the defence of its
independence,am any aggression end.that Yugoslavia is a constructive
factor in international relations.
We have received hitherto economic hel? in food to the extent of
100 million ?dollars. Further, we received from the Government of the USA
economic aid for raw materials to the extent of 29 i1in dollars,
then help from the three overnments (USA, Great Britain and France)
known as the Tri-Partite help to the amount of 120 million dollars
for the period from 1st July 1951 to the 1st June.1952. Until the
1st January 1952 62 million dollars were imported, including the
import froti_thd929 million dollar nid received from the USA.
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Help in food and economic aid received in the above-mentioned :
period amounts to 249 million dollars. This is the success of our
foreign policy. The economic effect of this aid is not small and
it was one of the very imJortant conditions which has enabled us
to obtain successes in our economy.
The programme of .buildiu_kty:_sAlfctiires'
The programme of key objectives was established in 1950. We
named it so because it solves 3 central problems: 1) It solves
the paytents deficit of our country in regard to abroad and
because of that it has the full economic sense to call it "the
programme for the liquidation of our payments deficit abroad?.
It therefore solves one of the weakest and the most sensitive
problems of our economy. 2) .It enables our economy, to a great
extent, to satisfy the increased needs of our army, particularly
our war industry, which have been increased in the first place
because of the provocative policy of the Cominform bloc. 3) It
solves the increase of the social standard to a great extent.
The concentration of our economic efforts to execute the pro-
gramme of building and the putting into action of key objectives
is nota. 8sparate and simple economic problem. This is the largest
problem of the programme of the policy of our Government and our
country, We have restricted this grogr'amtzeto the greatest possible
extent. It amounts now to about 200millibnOdollars:' (th-- part of
equipment which has to be imported from abroad). It has-so far
been decided to finance to the extent of 80 million dollars.
Therefore the disposal of-about 80,000;(00 dollars remains to be
deciddd. Just at this moment negotiations are taking place in
Washington amongst the three Western countries (USA, Great Britain
and France) which have, as we have been informed, two questions on
the agenda: 1) Further economic aid to Yugoslavia and 2) progra.mme
of Yugoslav investments. It is expected that the talks will end
shortly.
Our investment programmer has been discussed with the represen-
tatives of tl-e International Bank as well as with the represen-
tatives of the Tri-Partite delegation. All economists who had the
occasion to participate in the discuseions concerning the programs,
have given their opinion,which confirms the economic justification
of the programme&
? However, I am sorry to say, that all our partners with
which we do-operate, this opinion. has not been accepted in full.
In the West -one can hear remarks that our plan is autarchic.
One should say immediately that autarchy, as a defined economic
policy, is absolutely foreign, both theoretically and practically
to .idea of socialiam,Which.is particularly So in regard to our
country; :.,Autarchy is the means of the aggressor;
It is not a question of whether our programme is autarchic .and
of whether we are leading a policy of some economic-technical
independence in order- that,we'might be self-sufficient, but it is
a question of an unProtresSive conception which is surpassed by
the development of relations in the world. Namely, it is a.
. -question that somebody does not like that Yu:oslavia in this
period should get up somewhat higher on the lower part of the
ladder of the-ex?loited, and this is in the essence the background
.of. the rumours and voices-about our suposed autarchic.policy.
Or, for example, the remark that our programme is diffused..
Truly) it is not simple but it is the most economic one for us
because it is concentrated on.soIving our payments deficit.
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In 1951 our co-operation in the field of International
Technical Aid has begun to develop seriously. The main form of
ca-operation is through the United Nations. It can be expected
that our co-operation with the United Nations in the line of
technical aid will continue to strengthen and that our country
will have still more advantages.
In 1951 we have renewed or prolonged all trade agreements
which we had in 1950. We signed a new agreement with Greece and
in this way trade relations with our Southern neighbour have
become normal. Both the countries have a great dell of interest
in the strengthening of our trade relations and now no hindrances
stand in the way. Further, in 1951 we signed a treaty with
Austria concerning the purchase of equipment on credit to the
extent of 10 million dollars. With France we .signed an agreement
concerning the purchase on credit of equipment for our war industry
and some other Military needs.
Besides this several transport arrangements and conventions
have been signed which regulate problems of international communi-
cations. Our goods exchange was with 25 countries with whom we
had trade agreements and another 16 with which we had trade rela-
tions. Trade agreements with Austria, India, Brazil, the
Argentine: Belgium, are now being negotiated and some su)plementary
negotiations with Great Britain. In 1952 there exist broad
conditions for the development of our goods exchanged in a large
area,
(BORBA - 30th March, 1952).
SPEECH BY JAKOV BLAZEVIC: NEW ECONW1C SY3TEI! INFLUENCED THE ILIPROVE-
Eid UF PRODUCTS
Jakov Blazevic first of all spoke ab)ut the discussion in the
collectives about the Social Plan and its results. "The basic source
for increasing accumulations was in reducing material expenses?i.e.,
in the more economical utilization of raw materials and materials,
reduction of wastes am. thin7s similar. For example, at the time of
the discussion of the Social Plan in the "lvarko Oreskovic" factory in
Zagreb, it was pointed out that there existed possibilities for
reducing wastes from 15 to 2.5 percent; then in the Za7reb paper
factory it was Proposed that by the utilization of waste parer a saving
of 18 million dinars could be realized. In the "Foto-Kemika" factory
in Zagreb a revision of the material narm was proposed whereby material
expenses would be reduced by 45 million linars; in the "Straza" glass
factory they also discovered and proposed a saving of 45 million linars
in raw materials.
' "Our leather industry achieved significant results in reducing
material expenses: the leather factory in Vinkovci reduced material
expenses by 23 million Jinars, the leather factory "Almorija" by
17 million, the Borovo combine by 236 million and the "Gorjup" shoe
factory in Zagreb by 84 million dinars.
"During the course of the liscussion, there were many proposals in
respect to the revision of jabs, specifically in the administrative
apparatus of the enterrrise, then in resrect t) reducing unjustifiable
absenteeism and reducin administrative and departmental management.
"The analysis of economic relatians in state agricultural estates
revealed a number of unecon)mic administrative methods and occurrences
whose elimination should necessitate essential changes in the economics
of agricultural estates.."
' Jakav Blazevic then spoke about the influence of the new economic
system on improving the quality and assortment of goods.
$2,404 44.4A, V1WA4 nle9952)
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PRIOR TO PARLIALENTARY hEFORM
I read in last Sunday's Borba a letter written by the People's
Deputy, Comrade R.Davidovic, in which he comes to the conclusion
that our system of representation is outlived and that it is not
in harmony with our socialist democracy and that it"does not suit"
- and that something in it must be changed - because people's
representatives in our assemblies, more or less without exception,
read their speeches, which they have brought in their pockets
'already prepared. !sking hioself of what this:nan consist,
Comrade Davidovic characterises bourgeois parliaments as amusing
quarrelling houses, but as in our country there is nothing vital
which could be disputed, both in the Assembly and outside it, he
believes that our Assembly cannot become an "amusing" quarrel.
house (the writer has hereliyistake omitted? to quote quarrel
house) such as, for example, parliaments in 1,rance and
Italy.
Believing that in our country discussion takes place only
about how to realise best and in the quickest way possible the
common programme, he thinks that our representative bodies should
be some sort of a working council, some sort of Republican
and Federal' palavers for general social production, distribution
and defence,. And declarinL that he hes not as yet a clear picture
of how 1l,: this Should look concretely, he pr000ses that discussion
in regard to it should be started.
No doubt the feelings of this People's Deputy (and most
probably of many others) concerning the outlived representative
system in our country, that it "suits" Lo longer is not
sufficiently clear to him and his proposal of discussion,
accompanied by very few arguments looks to me more as a demana for
a personal answer far a feeling.of dullness whtch tortures him
at parliamentary sessiOns, for an answer to the question of how to
make these sessions "amusing" (without "quarrels"), This is all
a much too small incitement for discussion,, but this People's
Deputy has no doubt felt rightly that our representative system is
outlived, or more exactly that it is not suitable to our socialist
democracy.
If in connection with this idea, I begin to speak about this
matter, I am not doing this to enter into discussion, which the
writer of the letter demanded', nor do I consider that this small
reflection of mine could be some overture for discussion. Of
course, if people wish and demand discussion nobody can have any-
thing against it, Finally, when Comrade Davidovic has' proposed
discussion, and I refer to his letter, he may also in full righty
that discussion has already been opened. Perhaps it was opened,
or at least prognosticated by a speech made by Kardelj at the
joint meeting of the Legislative Committees of the Federal .
Assembly in opening, the debate concerning the draft of the law
concerning People's Committees, but our press did not notice this.
In reality discussion has not begun. It needs a stronger
foundation which is being prepared, This is also made clear by
Comrade Kardelj's words, who in regard to it made some prognosti-
cations in a recent interview also.
It is comprehensible why in our highest representative bodies
is particularly first noticed the reading of speeches and ,,,,ullness"
and because questions are often heard of how to overcome this
and make the sessions livelier and more interesting. The
bourgeois parliaments might be considered as quarrelling platforms
(or even chattering houses), but it is quarrel which makes them
"amusing". There a struggle is waged, very often empty and formal,
canalised even when it is most fierce, and which is most important,
without social result, the struggle between men who represent
different social classes and strata, different tendemcies of the
same clA0OrioaalKOMI-VigeMOitilf/1?1?elk-iktii43-0,6444iwnigoliztibmr-ss t s
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sometimes also purely personal. It results in a permanent ?
struggle of opinions, . lively and sometimes fierce debates,
changes of Government, etc., in one word "amusement" which is
mostly empty and dull.
Therefore it is not a question of "amusement" but a struggle
of opinions. This is whet does not exist in our parliament -
if we think of plenary sessions. Because, when it is the
question of more important laws, this struggle for opinions can
also be extremely lively, interesting and fruitful in the
Legislative Committees, but there it ends also and is not carried
over to the plenum because it ends quite naturally by reaching
unanimous opinions. Our press has not as yet cadres of
journalists capable of following and reproducing this discussion
to the public). In the period of efforts for the development of
our socialist democracy, in the period of democratisation within
the party, syndicates and PF, in a period when we strive that
electors' meetings should be the real expression of opinion of
electdrs, when also other forms of stronger and more real parti-
cipation of citizens in the execution and contrnl of authority
are developed; in a period of development of workers' Councils
and introduction of producers' councils in People's Committees,
our parliaments stand petrified in the form, which they received
from the amstitution of l948, as if untouched by the wave of
socialist democracy. It seems that they are here only to pass
laws as a mechanism which executes this work faultlessly by duty.
According to work at their sessions nobody can even imagine how
long and lively the struggle of opinion was until a draft law was
elaborated, which it later passes.
If in our parliaments a deep ferment of our, social life is
felt then it is still felt only through the draft laws themselves
and ministerial statements and not in parliamentary debates,
Through the District Deputies one feels not the voice of the
district, and to such an extEnt, that the question of whet and
whom he represents is justified. The ctse of the Nis Deputy,
otherwise a worker, who made a brilliant speech in the ssembly
of PR Serbia concertinL, the Social Plan, without reading his
speech (which the press did not note) shows that our Assemblies.
are full of men capable of leading even the most fierce debates,
but the very system of representation is such that it transforms
them into mutes. They have learned to see, in the sessions of
the Assembly, only a necessary formality.
Why this is so I will not discuss here. One thing is evident:
neither will:our Parliamentsbe able to avoid the law of develop-
ment, which demands their change, their tringing-into harmony of
the total development of our socialist democracy, The need for
that was felt quite awhile ago, and now the hour has Come to
execute this measure too. On the reform of narliament and that
of the Supreme State Administration preparations have been under
way for quite a long time already. It is evident that the very
project of the general law concerning People's Committees has
been elaborated in harmony With this intended constitutional
reform.
Let.us hope that these ideas will be presented to the public
in the shortest time and that our parliaments will become true
working bodies without becoming chatterhouses and liberating
themselves from the lies of the Soviet representative system.
(Sd.) MOSA elJADE
(BORBA - 30th March, 1952).
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25X1C
SUMMARY OF THE YUGOSLAV PRESS
No.574 INDEX
P.1. Headlines of Borba of the 29th March
P.2. Headlines of Borba continued
Headlines of Politika of the g9th March
FROM BORBA OF THE 24TH MARCH
29th Larch, 1952.
P.9. The problems of our universities: revision of syllabuses:
a most necessary work in all faculties
T.ROM BORBA OF THE 45TH MARCH
More attentioh should be paid to correcting mistakes
1'.6. The problem of the proper exploitation of our experts
FROM BORBA OF THE 27TH MARCH
P.12. A tote on a racecourse is useful to our useful to our
economy - letter to the editor.
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 28TH MARCH
P.5. Malik rejects enquiry (Editorial)
End of a criminal gang
P.12. A strnage decision (Editorial on Trieste)
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 29TH MARCH
P.13. Fifth regular session of the people's Assembly of the FPRY:
speech by Ivan Gosnjak on the Military Budget
P.15. Speech by Boris Kidric on proposed Social Plan
P.20. Speech by Milentije Popovic on the Federal Budget
P.23, Trial of spies in Capodistria
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HEADLINES
BORBA 29th March, 1952.
P.1. THE WRK oi THE FIFTH REGULAR SESSION OF THE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBEf
OF THE FPRY:
SPEECH BY BORIS KIDRIC ON PROPOD SOCIAL PLAN
SPEECH BY MILENTIJE POPOVIC ON THE FEbERAL BUDET
SPEECH BY IVidi GOSNJAK ON THE MILITARY EUJG.LT
NOTHING CAN BE DECIDED ABOUT TRIESTE ITHOUT YUGOSLAVIA
(Editorial)
DISCOVERY OF OIL IN LONIENEGRO
About half a billion dinars allocated for development of the
tourist industry
Purchases of furniture, radios and textiles by instalments:
easier terms will soon be available
P.2. WORK OF THE LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY OF
SERBIA: TIO AMENDMENTS TO BILL ON DIVISION OF SERBIA INTO
DISTRICTS, TONS AND REGIONS
Vacatioas for children from?-Kozmet
How Party organisations have been working at Titovo Uzice
The textile mill?Dalmatinkau will start work next month
Camping for village children in B & H
LettArs to the Editor:
WE SHALL FIR= REPLY Ne TO THE ATTEMPTS OF THE BLOODSUCK.-
ING ITALIANFASOI5TB
People who refuse work in the provinces on key objectives
In the interest of exact information
Concerning the above letter
P.3. First forecast in London of the Soviet answer:
Ulbricht invites West German Social Democrats to
negotiate
' '-A, statement on the attitudes towards Socialist develop-
ment in China
Protest of German Social Democrats against death sentences
in Franco Spain
Development of French-Tunisian relations: French Socialists
and National Republicans dissatisfied with the policy of the
Government in Tunis
Trygve Lie's assistant will not part take part in 'conference
at Moscow
USSR breaks Austrian Law
Decree of Praesidium of Rumanian Assembly on the confisca-
tion of agricultural products
IN TOKEN OF THE FASCIST BOGEY (Article by Veljko Petrovic)
P.5. Stop press: protest of Ca ,odistrian citizens against anti-
Yugoslav campaign in Italy:
Frotest meeting of Ljubljana students
RI' SOLUTION OF Sfr,0 VEN-R;-1T.A Li AN bEMOCi_iP TIC FRoilt CON NMC
(- GRANGES IN ITALIAN ELEC `NAL LAW '-
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P.5. Trygve Lie renews his proposal to send aid against epidemics
in North Korea:
Commission for Disun'.2rmt rejects Soviet accusations
KLIMA
P.1. NO SOLUTION WITHOUT YUGOSLAVIA (Editorial on Trieste)
P.3, DUAL OF SIS IN CAPuDISTRIA: ACCUSED ADMIT 'iHAT THEY
GAVE 1NFORt,4ATION ABOUT ZONE B TO Srl CENTAE IN ThIESTE
French Socialist Party delegation has visited a school in
Skoplje
PIJADE AND VIDMAR TO LEAVE Fut. PARIS
P.4. WHERE AFL, OUR EXPERTS HIDING AND WHO NEEDS THEM?
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MOUE ATTENTION SHOULD BE PAID WHEN INITIATING CRIMINAL ACTION
Recently a consultation of the attorneys of the republics was held
in the Public Attorneys Office of the FPRY in Belgrade. The work and
problems of the attorney office were discussed at this meeting. At the
consultation it was confirmed that the agencies of prosecution had
achieved significant successes but that all the principles set forth in
the resolution of the Fourth Plenary Session of the CC CPY, regarding
the strengthening of courts and legality, had not been fully carried out.
Public Attorney Offices, sections of the Yinistry of Interior and
UDBA, in their revolutionary work for assuring the unhinlered development
of socialism and against malefactors and hostile elements, gained great
sympathy from the working masses. However, as it was confirmed at the
consultation, a certain number of public attorney agencios and investi-
gating agencies are not satisfactorily applying all the steps in connec-
tion with criminal proceedings. and these steps are very significant
and useful. li'or example: when criminal action is started against an
individual, the public attorney and investi-ating agency are obligated
to undertake a number of processing steps which will help them explain
the circumstance. Investigation helps to confirm proofs and to esta-
blish whether or not elements of a criminal nature exist, who was the
perpetrator, whether cenditions exist for prosecution an the necessary
evidence and data are gathered, etc. The investigation begins with an
examination when there is founded suspicion that a criminal act has been
committed, regardless of whether or net the perpetrator is known, and
with an inquiry when a definite person exists wh) is on the basis of the
founded suspicion the perpetrator of a serious crime. In order to assure
the presence of such persons under very, strict c)nditions, they may be
put into custody or jailed rending investigation.
In some public attorney offices and investigating agencies, for
example, little attention is pail to previous information, confirming
rerorts even though this, if strictly taken, does not come under
criminal procedure, and s ) the person who is being investigated cannot
be considered as a person up for criminal action. By rrevious infor-
mation, susrici)n is either eliminated or confirmed. Commissions of
the Pinistry of Interior, have raid very little attention to this work.
Included in the measures for assuring the presence of definite
persons among others is ordering cust)dy or imprisonment pending
investi:gation. However, in weighing which measure mould be applied last
year, in a large number of cases this matter was not given due consider-
ation. Then again there was not enough attention paid to whether or not
conditions existed for ordering custody or imprisonment rending investi-
gation. It can be said that very rarely were other measures of assurance
ordered, as bail, parole, confinement, etc. Statistics show that the
number of persons who were deprived of liberty without sufficient
evidence by the public attorney offices and other investigating agencies
is much higher than it was two years ago. It is because of this that
action against the indicted in a lerge number of cases was stopped
before they were brought before the court. (we must mention that in
certain cases administr tive punitive measures were applied.) We will
cite a few examples which clearly illustrate the poor and unjust applica-
tion of these measures. In Gradaca the Commission of the Ministry of
the Interior of the people's committee deprived al citizens of their
liberty out of a total of 123 that reported. Due to lack of sufficient
evidence, it had to release 47 people within three days. Of 80 people
deprived of their
within three days liberty, the Commission in Tesanj had to release 64
for similar reasons.
These examples very clearly show that in some public attorney offices
and other investigating agencies not tee much attention was paid to
whether
his or not all the 1Lgal conditions wore met to deprive rerson of
liberty or what an arrest means to a citizen's honor. Public attorney
offices diJ not always exercise sufficient control over the deprivation
of liberty by other prosecuting agencies, even though they rarely
permitted custody to be extended beyond three Jays.
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But this is not the only thin;. Statistics show that last year
59 percent of the criminal procedures which were initiated hal to be
stopped during the preliminary investigetions or the people were
released by court. On one hand this means that action was taken without
basis or without sufficient evidence; on the other hand, that our
prosecuting agencies and courts, in consistently 1171Yin7 the democratic
principles of our criminal procedure, have stepped that procedure or
have acquitted the indicted because the guilt could nat be comPletely
proved.
Aat are the reasons for such a relatively high number of sto-pas.es
or acquittals? In the first rlace,the weakness If our agencies for not
having sufficient evidence in cases where there was justifiable suspicion
that the person did commit the criminal act. Then there arc objective
reasons for this--an insufficient number of investigators especially on
the territery of Croatia where a relatively god number of perpetrators
of crime are not found. On the other hand, administrative punishment
has been recommended for a certain number of criminals. Besides this,
in some places they follewed the path of least r,sistance and demanded
that the person about whom there was a certain amount of suspicion
that he had committed the crime be secured se that it would be much
easier to conduct the investigation with the presence of the said person.
In this case previus information and inquiry were ignored. In some
places men were being deprived of liberty for violations and minor
offenses. The reason fur the increase in unfounled deprivations of
liberty lies in that some criminal prosecutinF! aencies are not well
acquainted with the provisions of criminal procedure and some times in
the stubbornness 'of indiviluals.
The policy of prosecuting criminals in our country is correct in
T-rinciple and there is nothing to be sail abtit Jo mustnet think
tnat now we have to weaken ir -to make trio policy oi prosecution
milder. To prosecute everyone who deserves it and to turn ever to the
courts anyoncewho inflicts damage on the community or on indivi:uals
is the task of our prosecuting ?aeenci;s7 ?end primarily of our rublic
attorney offices. The initiation of criminel procedure and the
deprivation of liberty must be founded. Public attorney offices on the
terrain should be agencies which watch whether proper action is taken
against a person, whether measures of security are bein- properly
applied and whether there exist reasons and conditions foi. this.
(BORBA - 25th March, 1952)
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1,,ALIK REJECTS ENOIRY
In the UN Commission on Disarmament which is sitting in New
York, the Soviet delegate, Malik, has rejected the proposal that
there should be an investigation in connection with accusations
against forces of the United Command that they have been waging
bacteriological warfare in Korea. According to the terms of the
proposal, the International Red Cross would have investigated on
the spot the accuracy of the accusations which were brought by
representatives of the North Korean, Chinese, and Soviet Govern-
ments.
Malik declared that he rejected the enquiry because presumably
the International Red Cross was not "an objectivP and unprejudiced
body", that it was not an international organisation but a "Swiss
organisation" and so on. As a Counter-prn.)osal Lalik requested
that the UN Commission forDLsarmament alone,should)consider this
question and should reach some decision concerning the prohibition
of bacteriological warfare.
This request of' the Soviet delegate came only a few days
after the Chinese and North Korean Governments turned down the
proposal made by Trygve Lie that UNO should send material help
for the alleviation of the plague and other diseases in North Korea.
which, according to the a ccusetions of Soviet and Chinese-North
Korean representatives, were the result of bacteriological warfare,
Following this decided dismissal of UNO help and the enquiry
of the International Red Cross, the accusations against the United
Command can no longer carry any conviction. As a consequence there
is naturally a great deal of doubt about the whole of this, It is
characteristic that Malik, disputing the international nature of
the International Red Cross, declared that "every opportunity for
an enquiry into the bacteriological warfare in Korea and China had
already been taken by an International Committee of Lawyers" -
that is to say by a private delegation whose"results" were fixed
in advance had been sent from Moscow to North Korea.
The .fact that, between the time of making the accusation and-
the rejection , a private international organisation made an
enquiry shows that the Soviet China and North liorean-represen-
tatives may not be able to produce arguments to confirm the
accuracy of their own assertions
(POLITIKA - 28th March, 1952).
' END OF A CL.INAL GANG
To-day the County Court in Split after a trial lasting six
days sentenced to death by shooting the Ustashi outlaw Nedeljko
'Piplica, 24 years old from Zmijevac in the district of Imot.
This Ustashi gang committed a series of robberies, burglaries
and brigandage against the organs of people's authority and
managers of co-operatives in the district of Imot. The accused
Piplica took the woods in August 1946 and in 1947 acted together
with the gang of outlaws and highwaymen Metere and Kapulike, who
were killed in the fight with people's authority. Piplica returned
to the district of Imot after this, where he developed his criminal
activity for full two years, until he was caught in September of
last year.
For the committed crimes the Court sentenced Nedeljko Piplica
to death by shooting, and his associates Petar Buljubasic to 7
years imprisonment, Mate Buljubasic to 4 years, Milan Buljubasic
to 3 years, Stjepan Puljiza to two and a half years, Jure Drlja
to one and a half year., Luke Piplica the farther of the accused
Nedeljko to one and a half year:, Stjepan Pusic and Jure Buljubasic
to one and a half year, and the brother of the accused Mirko Piplica
to eight months imprisonment. (Sd.) A.B.
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THE PROBLE01 OF PROPER EXPLOITATION OF OUR EXPERTS
Both, during the past and this year, a certain number
of agricultural experts, who graduated at our vocational
schools or universities, or who have been engaged by certain
institutions and enterprises, has been directed to peasant'
Working cooperatives which was a pro)er way for extending
an immediate, technical assistance to our working cooperatives.
A great number of these and other experienced and industrious
agricultural experts attained in a short period of time
outstanding results in promoting our agricultural cooperative
production. But, an adequate distribution of the highly .
qualified and other agricultural experts is Still a serious
problem, the more so if one bears in ilind that they are scarce.
The fact one should bear in mind in assigning such personnel
is that their place is, above all, in production.
It has been found in practice that one did not always
adhere to that principle and that there are still possibilities'
for engaging agricultural experts in our agricultural cooperati-
ves. This is confirmed also by the following, though incomplete,
data:
Out of the total number of agricultural experts in our
country engaged are in republic institutions and enterprises
7%, in the offices of the commissioners of the district and
town peo7le's committees 24.1%, in scientific institutions
and institutes 10.9%, at faculties and vocational schools
on government agricultural estates 24.4%, in funds for
mechanization 8.2% and in peasant woking, that is, producing
cooperatives 14.6%.
They above quoted data show us that a considerable number
of agricultural experts is still engaged by various institutions
where it is often performing merely administrative tasks, or
in other words, it is not eng,ged in direct production. Of
the total number of agricultural experts in our country, however)
engaged in production (on government agricultUral estates,
peasant working cooperatives and in. funds for methanization)
are only 48%1 The corresponding percentages for people's
republics of Serbia, Croatia) Slovenia, Bosnia and Hercegovina)
Macedonia and 1-iontenegro are 49.4) 43.2, 53.4) 32) 50.1 and
51.7 respectively.
The reason for such a situation is found among other
things in the conception that agricultural experts must not
be engaged in production. Such a conception prevailed in
the old Yugoslavia when most of the agricultural experts,
above all those highly qualified, have been engaged in
administrative institutions and on other jobs. It is
unnecessary to emphasize how detrimental such a conception
is both to the experts themSelves and to their development
and to the community as a whole.
The possibility of relieving agricultural experts from
their present engagements and assigning them to our coopera-
tive organizations one should seek, first of all, in the
offices of commissioners of district and town people's (;
committees. Of all the agricultural experts, for example in
the PR of Serbia, 27.25 are working with thc commissioners of
district and town people's committees. It follows then that
on an average 5 such experts are engaged by each district
people's committee. The corresponding percenage TBoshia
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and Hercegovina is 32.5.
Agricultural experts should work for our working and
agricultural cooperatives of the general type which are
developed and represent already big socialist farmsteads,
because they would find there broad possibilities for a
creative activity and application of the mociern agricultural
science. Only one agricultural expert would as a rule
suffice for a district people's committee. As an illustration
how one should distribute such personnel one should take the
PR of Macedonia where the percentage of such experts engaged
by district people's committees amounts to 8.3% or one expert
for each district people's committee, and that engaged by
peasant working cooperatives to 30.4.
A considerable reserve of the qualified agricultural
personnel, particularly of the highly qualified experts, is
also found in agricultural scientific institutions and
institutes. In the People's Republic of Serbia, for example
of the total number of such personnel working for the
scientific institutions and at faculties, 33.7% have
graduated at our agricultural faculty. The above quoted
data show us clearly that the number working in these
institutions does not correspond to our existing possibilities
nor to our requirements and that these institutions should
be regarded as sources of supply of production with experts.
15 agricultural experts could be directed to production
only from the scientific and other technical institutions,
institutes and experimental stations of the PR of Serbia.
Such institutions would not be affected much by this,
because some of these men are lacking the prerequisites
for becoming scientists, while others got the employment there
immediately after getting their degrees.
Another source for ensuring agricultural experts
to our cooperatives are our government agricultural .estates.
Despite the fact that these experts are already engaged in
production, the problem is whether they are properly exploited,
that is whether at the present stage of our development
our agricultural estates should retain with them so many of
them when, on the other hand, many peasant working coopera-
tives, some of which are already big socialist farmsteads,
are lacking agricultural experts. In the PR of Croatia, for
example, where very little has been done with regard to the
question of directing agricultural experts to peasant working
cooperatives, 22.4% of their total number are engaged on
government agricultural estates and only 2.8% in peasant
working cooperatives inspite of the fact that the,areas of
many cooperatives,particularly of those of Baranja and Sla-
vonija, exceed those of government agricultural estates.
In the district of Bell mannstir where 95% of all farmsteads
are members of peasant working cooperatives, only 3 agri-
cultural experts are working, and on government agricultural
estate "Belje", extending on about one third of this district
35 of them are working. Another example shows us that the
government agricultural estate "Coka" with its 2000 hectares
of land ampIoys 6 agricultural experts, 5 agricultural
technicians and 10 internes, while some of the working
cooperatives owning approximately identical areas of land
are without a single agricultural expert. Similar situation
prevails in the PR of Serbia where an agricultural expert
working in the fund for mechanization of the peasant working
cooperative has to deal with 142.85..hettares of arable
etc.
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The agricultural expert reserves exist also in agri-
cultural schools where they are net indispensable and where
their jobs could be performed by persons with secondary
schools qualifications. In some cases, agricultural technicians
and even engineers are working at the agricultural schools
either in the capacity of lecturers or wardens. On the other
hand a number of agricultural experts are performing various
tasks which have nothing to do with their profession in
institutions and enterprises whose fundamental tasks are
not closely connected with agricultural production. Mana-
gements of such enterprises and institutions took no steps
for transferring them to the working peasant cooperatives.
Upon the initiative of the Commission for countryside
of the CC of the CP of .3erbia, the Council for agriculture
and forestry of the PR of Serbia and cooperative organizations
studied in cooperation with other institutions the problem
of discovering and sending agricultural experts to peasant
morking. cooperatives and achieved good results in this respect.
But, most of the experts,sent heretofore to our cooperatives,
very young men .coming directly from schools who had some
difficulties in adapting -themselves to the new environments,
while they should have been accompanied with experienced
experts who could have given them their hand in the initial
stae of their activities.
The successful realization of these tasks requires
the party organizations and their members to engage themselves
both in discovering agricultural experts who are not indis-
pensable on jobs performing at present an,. who are insufficiently
exploited, and in directing such experts to the agricultural
cooperatives. The cooperative members shoula be educated to
recognize the work and efforts exhibited by industrious,
conscious and self-sacrificing experts, struggling thereby
against erroneous conceptions and lack of confidence in their
abilities and assistance which they may extend. In performing
these tasks, the party organizations in our villages and
cooperative managements should be assisted by district
leaderships to the full extent.
?(BORBA - March 26, 1952)
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THE PROBLEMS OF OUR UNIVERSITIES: REVISION OF SYLLABUSU -
A MOST NECESSARY WORK IN ALL FACULTIES
The initial pedagogical.basis in our educational system, unique
in all the degrees of education should be the respect of
inherited positive achievements in schooling and education in
general, and the objective should be in keeping and developing
social values, realised by the people's Revolution. The task of
our schooling, including the uniArdritio,is to educate a new,
free socialist man of broad views, sincere and open minded, not
only a good expert, but a man who knows that the privilege of
university education was secured for him by the efforts of our
working people.
The creation of such a,t specialist is not a short and simple
process. It depends' on a healthy and ric,ht ,,a,ime and study at
the university. In pre-war days, at the university in Ljubljana
existed such a regime of study, which guaranteed theoretically
well-trained specialists. At that time, at the faculties, the
foreign principle was mainly in force; studies were divided into
two parts. The first part encompassed 3 to 4 terms, giving in
natural sciences and technical professions a general theoretical
basis, and in humanist - social professions a historical and
theoretical introduction.' This part of the studies, on which was
based the second one the specialised partrj was concluded with
.the first final examination, which gave the right to the students
to Ile called a candidate of the chosen profession. A successful
passing of the first final examination was a condition for further
study. The time limit for passing the first-final examination
was permanent, while the time limits for passing the second final
examination were relatively mobile, because the candidates .colAId
pass their examinations either at the end of the last term or
after it, because the pre-final examinations were always in
groups - and the schedule of the final examinations in tiost of
the faculties included also a written examination - the students
were therefore obliged to go deeper into the matter and to link-
up related subjects. One had to study intensively for a longer
time, which was the best guarantee for a solid and lasting
mastering of the subject.
The post-war dema.nd for rapid development was absolutely
comprehensible: the development of productive forces demanded
new cadres which the faculties did not give during a pause of
5-Years. This is whY in our post-war educational policy the
tendency for introducing a so-called "rigid system" of studies
at high schools became paramount as in the 1=2 and in some
Western countries, mainly in France and in countries within her
cultural circle. The characteristics of this system lie in the
fact that the syllabus of studies provides that at ?the end of
each year examinations should be passed from the section of
study materiel, in order to begin the next year's study syllabus.
This is, in fact, a continuation of the secondary school syllabus
which is a real campaign study. But as it was wished that the
students should get acquainted with his profession in as much
detail as possible, the syllabuses were overcrowded with different
special courses, which contributed that the knowledge was quite
superficial and disjointed - rapidly learned and still more
rapidly forgotten. Today the general opinion is that such a
system has not come up to expectations.
In compiling university syllabuses we must approach in the
final realisation a regime of studies as I have described above,
yet I think that it will be necessary for the present - particu-
larly at faculties with a small area capacity - that the first
year should be selective. The student must show at least with
two basic subjects if he has intellectual and moral qualities,
discipline and seriousness in study, in order to be permitted to
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continue study. The examinations should be passed at the end of
the first year before a Commission of Examiners. Students who
do not pass this examination should be remr,ved from this Faculty
in order not to take the place of a more talented and hard-working
high-school boy.
The second question which is being solved at all Faculties
since the Resolution of the Third Plenum.of the CC of the CP of
Yugoslavia concerning tasks in education, and which is not as it
seems solved definitely anywhere is the tProblem of the syllabus.
In the impatient hurry after liberation, in order to obtain as
soon as possible nsu experts and specialists, who could be put to
immediate use and partly due to the influence of the Soviet prac-
tice 2 it resulted in unhealthy over-crowding and over-burdenig
of the syllabus, particularily so at Faculties with a technical
character. Thus the students were deprived of time for independent
work and were forced to superficial reading of " scripts " -
campaign study.This resulted, that in some technical Faculties
matters went so far, that students could not pass their final
examinations after two years of study.Therefore, instead of
gaining in in time - time was lost, while the practice of speciali-
sation resulted that students who completed their studies could
not be used or very little in economy.
Therefore to-day a revision and rationalionmprestion If the,
syllabuses is needed at all Faculties. In the first place one
should establish the general criterion of experts whom the Facul-
ties have to create according to the demands of the building of
our socialist society. Consultations with economic agents, pro-
fessional associations could be very useful in this line. This
would show 2 for example, that the Faculties of Philosophy and
Mathematics should in the first place train a good secondary
school professor, while the education cf s,ntific-research
cadres should be considered as a separate task, which is
approached individually and which depends on the qualifications
of the candidate. The economic faculties must not create only
political economy theoreticians but also experts who will have
the necessary commercial qualifications for practice, The
Suriatsshould be equally macle capable for work in state adminis-
tration and for work in law courts or in economy. This same
objective of multiple employment of specialists should be
obtained also in the syllabuses of the technical and medicine
faculties.
But economy must cease to demand that those students who have
finished their studies at any of the faculties should immediatelybe
made use of as old experienced practicioners, and the task of the
faculties to give absolutely trained and well-versed AJ1 practice
experts 'has never been the task nor can be the task of the
faculties. A young finished student who has only recently
gained the necessary theoretical knowledge will be able to
develop in practice his theoretical knowledge under a, mature
leadership and by his personal experiences. Therefore with
rare exceptions, specilisation can be gained only through
practice.
It is quite comprehensible why the factitiab of technology
and medicine have difficulties in creating a good syllabus on
account of the technical and medicinal development of these
sciences, and therefore arises a serious problem where and how
the syllabus should be comPressed'and narrowed.
In the reorganisation of the univisit4,, in the spirit of
socialist democracy, responsiblej: faculty and university organs,
in co-ooeration with associations of university professors and ,
corresponding professional associations should solve all the
important problems on which depend the realisation of one of the
importaftIFTWffldfWAW
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useful experts in many ways. And most probably, as an initial
item for discussion/ the pre-war syllabuses could be used by
adapting tl-em in a correct way to our present-day demands, because
no doubt, our universities and high schools in pre-war days gave
good experts On an average.
But this will not complete everything. A good professional
and educational syllabus will guarantee the creation of highly-
qualified officials who will have enough time to develop themselves
into a harmonised and more cultural personality. But, in the
process of creating such specialists a grest role will be played
by the Federation of Students of Yugoslavia. Instruction at the
faculties should be such that the student, during study, feels
a-responsibility which he takes as an academically educated
citizen. Therefore it would be necessary to introduce in our
faculties permanent courses at which the students would get a
knowledge of the elements of our social and economicT political
order. It is particularly important that every university pro-
fessor Should be a !living examole of a conscious builder ?of our
society in everything.
(Sd.) DR.GORAZD KUSEJ
(BORBA - 24th March, 1952).
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*no
A STRANGE DECISION
The home newspapers, which two days ago declared that they are
against the co-operation with the Allied Military Government in the
Zone "A" of the FTT are calling now for the most irmapt negotiation
- but now not with Yugoslavia, but only with Great Britain and
the U.S.A.
The latest tone of the Italian rress has its excuse.
Yesterday's decision of the Allied Military Government ?to
harmonize the municipal election in Trieste with the elections
in Italy means a step bachward of that whigh has been reached
last year: that the Italian electoral system should not be
apolied because it is unjust. That is the very reason why the
followers of the annexational policy last year demanded the
postponement of elections, because by applyinF the more democratic
Proportional system they would not gain majority.
Such elections would also be unjust, because by the decision
of the Allied Government it was made possible for the newcomers
in Italy - mostly fascistq- to take hart in,them. But as the
Italian system of "joint lists" has now been adopted, it is no
wonder why the attitude in Rome towards the elections has
again changed and why the Allied Government is today prised
for the concessions to the irredentists. If the "joint list"
wins embracing the opponents of the democratic solution of
the Trieste problem of all possible colours,it will gain automatically
two thirds of seats in the municipal council. And even if it
does not win 50% of votes in the elections
This is even more queer because it is contrary tp
the other statements of the Allied Government, because it is very
well known who will be " connected" with the single list .and who
will,accordingly, have the majority in the future council.
De Gasperi himself called upon all Italian nationalists in Trieste
to unite in "the defense of Italianism" in July last year.
This new measure parts us instead of helping us to come closer
to an atmosphere in which the Trieste question could }Dv solved
in a democratic way, in favour of a real majority of the population
of Trieste and its vicinity.
(Sd.) J.G.
(TLITIKA - 28th March, 1952)
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
A TOTE ON A RACECOURSE IS USEFUL TO OUR ECONOMY
Borba of the 18th of March in this column published a letter
by V.Tetrovic in which he asks to what purpose does the tote on
the MIpodrome serve. In order to acquaint the wide public with
the importance of the totalizer on the Hippodrome we shall set
down only the few most important moments.
The tote on the Hippodrome is introduced to attract greater
interest of horse breeders for selecting horses by means of horse
races in which the best animals are awarded not only accodring to
their breed but also for their speed, endurance end boldness which
they are showing. The Hippodrome,thanks to the tote,gave to the
state studs, co-operatives and other breeders about 20 million
dinars of awards for the best horses in the last for years. Breeders
and those who are fond of horses knowinthe breed and value of
each horse are betting so that in this way too ,their interest for
raising our horse breeding is being enlarged. I want to emphasize
that betting on horse races is forbidden to children under 16 years.
Belgrade,24th of March D.J.Prodonovic, Head of the
Zootechnical and Veterinary Department
(BORBA,27 March 1952) of the Hippodrome
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SPEECH BY EVAN GOSNJAK
Report on the budget of the Ministry of National Defence
Colonel-General Ivan Gosnjak, Deputy Minister of National
Defence, greeted by the lociple4K1 deputies by a long applause,
addressed the Assembly after the Federal Minister of Finance.
At the beginning of his speech., Comrade Gosnjak stated that
the proposed draft budget of the Ministry of National Defence is
not identical with the draft fund for. national defence included
in the Social Plan of the FPRY because the formerly envisaged
sum Of 210 billion dinars has now been reduced to 200 billion
dinars. This difference in estimates does not come from a reduc-
tion in expenditure envisaged for the meeting of practical requi-
rements of our armed forces amounting to 210 billion dinars since
,their requirements remained the same and their tasks too. .It is
a result of the fall in prices of products manufactured by our
military enterprises due to the balancing of the amount of accu-
mulation in military economic enterprises and those pertaining to
other branches of our national economy.
Apart from the envisaged expenditure, the Ministry of National
Defence also envisaged the realization of accumulation of funds
on the part of military economic enterprises to a total amount
of 24,608,000000 dinars and various income amounting to 1,500,
million dinars to be realized by the units and institutions of
the Yugoslav Peoplels Army paid in the federal budget.
The main pOrtion of expediture will go on the maintenance
and implements intended for the use of the armed forces. Out
of the total alloCation envisaged for the requirements of the
Ministry of National Defence for the current year, 145,522,515,000
dinars, reloresenting 72.75 per cent of the total budget of the
MiniStry oT Nationa1 Defence; are to be expended on the supply
of arms, munition., military equipment, vehicles, etc., as well
as on foed,unLfP70Mo. ana,garr4_son requirements-. It would be
neceesary to mention thtt/i"6Rclusively obtained in our country
and manufactured by military industrial enterprises primarily;
Essential current requirements can be met from these expenditures,
apart from assuring material reserves to be obtained this year
according to estimates. If: we add the. military aid received from
America and some aid from England and France, for which we are
grateful to them, to our own efforts, then we can expect that
our armedforces will at.tne end of this year be stronger and more
capable to offer resistance to a possible aggressor in the event
of need in defending our freedoM arid independence.
Comrade Gosnjak then spoke about the activities of the ?
military industrial Onterprises and briefly outlined theiP;deire5mp-
ment in the course of the last few years, difficulties caused by
the Cominform countries and the achievements attained. Among
other things he said the following:
"A larger part of the installations and equipment envisaged
by the plan were to be obtained according to an agreement conclu-
ded from Eastern European countries, Czechoslovakia, Poland and
Hungary. Payments in advance were made amounting to 476,646,000
an,e2p.eulated on.the basis of the current rate of exchange,
ly as -une of 1948 this plan had to be thoroughly
changed. Owing to the hostile attitude of the Soviet Union and.
the countries subordinated to it, as well as because of threaten-
ing aggression on their part, the envisaged plan had to be
extended to a considerable extent and its execution speeded up.
Total investments from 1943, inclusive of the current yea',
intended for the building-up of military industrial enterprises,
amounted to 701600,000,000 dinars. Nevertheless, the real value
of erected enterprises is much greater than that because theyrare
being built by military labour which taffects the fall of costs aT
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production and secondly because most of the industrial equipment
was received from Germany ae ,gar reparations.
Thanks to all those investments our country has succeeded in
,alicroittIng for the building-up of military industrial enterprises
and the execution of the five-year plan, we have today 37 military
factories which will, with the exception of one, begin operation
in the course of this year. In this way in the course of the
execution of the first five-year plan we have built up a powerful
military industry, our awn factories for the production of all
kinds of infantry armaments, guns, mortars, tanks, aeroplanes,
enoines, various kinds of ammunition for infantry and artillery)
.
explosive and. dynamite, precise mechanical tools,
optical instruments and so forth.
The implements for these factories were chiefly obtained from
abroad. Contracts concluded with the Western countries were far
more favourable for us as regards terms and prices, ascompared
with those which we previously made with the Eastern European
countries. In this connection we were terribly cheated by the
Eastern European countries".
Having referred tn efforts made for more speedy building-up
of capital projects, Comrade Gosnjak went on to say:
"If the international situation permits a reduction in pro-
duction for the army, a majority of factories erected can be
readjusted for peacetime production. As regards the quality of
its installations and mechanisation it can produce a very large
number of products, ranging from passenger aeroplanes, tractors
and locomotives to all sorts of optical and precise instruments.r
Referring to ahipbuilding, Comrade Gosnjak said among other
things the following:
"For the time being we are still incapable of satisfying all
needs concerning -the eonstru6tIon of ships intended for the
defence of our coast and oceanic and coastal trade, but as compared
with the situation before the war we have made considerable pro-
gress so that since the liberation we have built twice as many
ships as old Yugoslavia did in 20 years".
In conclusion Comrade Gosnjak said among other things the
following:
From all this one can find out that in the course of our
strivings for the completion of the five-year plan carried out
by our peoples, one part of the building-up of socialism was
carried out by cur People's Army.
In our nationwide efforts for the construction of an inde-
pendent and powerful socialist state, the Yugoslav People's Army
took an active part, contributing very much to this end.
."This draft budget is to be a contribution to a further con-
solidation of the defensive capacity of our country and thus repre-
sents another treat. effort and contribution by our country to the
maintenance of peace in the world. Therefore I would like to beg,
Comrades, Peoplers Deputies, that you approve this budget as it was
proposed".
(All the Peoplers Deputies stood up in prolonged applause).
? The Assembly will continue its work this morning at 9 a.m.
(POLITIKA - 29th March, 1952).
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FIFTH REGULAR SESSION OF PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY OF FPRY: Speech by Boris
Kidric
on the proposed Social Plan of the FPRY for 1952.
The People's Assembly of the FPRY met yesterday in its Fifth
Regular Session. The first speaker? was Boris Kilric,president of
the Economic Council of the Goveramert, of the FPRY.
Leech by Kidric:
? "The final draft of the Social Plan for 1952 which the Government
is submitting to the People's AsseMbly is based upon the same policy
as the initial draft.
"It is necessary however to noint out and explain in detail some
of the differences between the initial draft and the final one. The
differences are the result of disc=sions on the initial draft of the
Social Elan, and the People's Assembly is by law obligated to give
final decisions on the observations which have been made during the
discussion.
"In our agriculture,the national revenue in the final draft is
increased by 30,253,000,000 dinars. This increase does not envisage
i
an increase n agricultural production in its natural scope( by
quantity-Ed) The estimate of natural scope of agricultural
production for 1952 remains completely same as was set in the initial
draft. The monetary increase in the national revenue in the field
if agriculture stems from certain changes in the price policy In the
initial draft it was reckoned that the prices Of agrictiltural products
would be further reduced and that they would on the average be lowered
to the level of 11 times the pre-war prices.
? "If the prices were really to fall to the level of 11 times the
pre-war prices,then they would be 12 to 15 per cent lower than they
are at the presentli.e. in the period December 1951- March 1952.
However, on the basis of the observations made by the cooperative
organisations and on the basis of eubsequent detailed calculations
we have arrived at the conclusion that further reduction of prices
of agricultural products would not be a proper thing to do sinc,
in view of the intensive work on building of key objects in the
course of this year,the plans of production of industrial consumer
articles will remain relatively low and consequently the prices of
industrial consumer articles high.
National revenue in agriculture,industry and mining.
"The amoknt of 30,253,000,000 dinars by which,for the said reasons,
the national revenue in agriculture will be inCreased,represents
therefore a noLinal increase expressed in money which does not change
the natural scope of agricultural production. Howeverlin the
distribution of natianal.revenue, this ensures the present-day ratio
between the countryside and town which we may take to be the most
justifiable, taking all the circumst-tncos into consideration.
"In the fields of industry and mining the national revenue as a
whole is being reduced by 6,343,000,000 dinars. At first glance,
one could conclude from this that the discussion carried on in the
Workers Councils had not yielded positive results and that it had
shown smaller possibilities for realization than envisaged in the
initial draft of the Social Plan. However, the real situation is
quite the contrary. Compared with the initial draft, the Thrkers
C)uncils in the fields of industry and mining are increasing the
national revenue by 21,400,000,000 dinars, namely in nonferrous
metalluru by 1,600,000,000, in metal industry by 2,500,000,000, in
textile industry by 5,600,000,00a, in food industry by 6,700,000,000,
in tobacco industry by 4,000,000,000 and in other branches by
1,000,000,000 dinars. I emphasize that this ,increase in national
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revenue is not in the main a nominal increase, as in the case of
agriculture, but rather it is a real increase which mostly stems from
the envisaged reduction of preductien costs.
"Whence come then the 6,343,000,000 -dinar reduction in the fields
of industry and mining? There are two reasons for this. The first
lies in the fact that we have, even during the course of the discussion
on the Social Plan, reduced the prices of a whale series of industrial
products. These reductions amount to 11,0e0,000,000 dinars in oil and
petroleum products production. I would like to mention here that a
good portion of the reduction is in favour of agriculture, to
cooperative agriculture in the first place. This year the importation
of tractors in larger quantities has already started, while home
production of tractors is being consolidated; therefore, the purpose
of lowering the prices of oil and petroleum products is among others
to make it possible for our cooperative organizations to use tractors
in a prOfitable way as a modern means in agricultural production.
We have reduced the prices of medicaments, products of plastic
materials and certain products of the leather and footwear industry
by 2,000,000,000 dinars, which is for the direct benefit of breed
consumption. Fein the purpose of adjusting the economic relations
between our basic industries, we have on the proposals of the Workers
Councils and of state arparati in industry reduced the prices of
rolled products of nonferrour metallurgy by 4,000,000,000 dinars.
"All in all the hitherto lowering of prices of industrial products
amounts to 17,000,000,000 dinars. This is the first step for the
reduction ef national revenue in the fields of industry and mining.
"The second reason for lowering national revenue in the fields
of industry and mining is the nominal lowering of national revenue in
the field of war industry by 10,800,000,000 dinars compared with the
initial draft of the Social Plan. I underline the word 'nominal'
since the natural scope of productien of war industry remains the same,
namely it is being even increased." Kidric then spoke about the fact
that by changing over to the rates of accumuletion .and funds in our
entire economy we are naturally introducing these same rates in the
war industry toe,
aA detailed analysis of the initial draft )f the Social Plan has
shown that it is more realistic--i.e., that it corr sponas more to the
natural distribution of national revenue if in the war industry we
recken the national revenue to be lower by 10,800,000,000 dinars.
Parallel with this there is also being lowered the budget of national
defence frim the previous figure of 210,000,000,000 dinars to the
present figure of 200,000,000,000, or from the previous participation
in the national revenue by 22.7 percent to the present figure of 22
percent.
nAll in all th,,e fields of
n indusby A.
try and mini uu
,00 ng have0 foain r the mentioned
reasons increased tne national reveue , 400ulars ana nave
cut 27,800,000,000 dinars. The exact difference amounts to
6343000;000 dinars, as I have al-eady said.
"As regards ferestry, the initial draft envisaged that this
industry should realize 25,286,000,000 dinars of national revenue.
The final draft proposes 20,190,000,000. The minus difference
therefore amounts to 5,096,000,000. This minus difference is the
result of the fact that we have accepted the proposal of the people's
republics, of the labour union organizations and of the eerkers
Councils with respect to the increase ef amortization and of material
expenses in forestry industry.
"With regard to the building industry, the initial draft en-
visaees 41,598,000,000 ainars of national revenue, whereas the final
draft envisages 44,716,000,000. The contribution by the building
industry is therefore increased by 3,118,000,000.
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"With regard to communications, the initial draft of the Social
Flan envisaged 74,732,000,000 dinars of national revenue. The
second draft envisages 57,845,000,000. This difference partially
stems from the fact that in the meantime we have lowered communica-
tion tariffs in order to prevent, for remote places, too high prices
of agricultural and industrial products, and partially from the fact
that in,railWay'coMmunication during subsequent analyses it was
establiehed"that accumulation in effect was smaller and amortization
much greater. All this resulted in the difference mentioned here.
"Tn. commerce. the plus difference amounts to 2,226,000,000 dinars.
The national revenue Created in commerce has been increased from -
26,80c,0d0,obo in the initial draft to 29,026,000,000 in the present-
day draft. The:difference. has. taken plaCe because of the fact that
the initial draft did not .embrace supplementary activities in commerce
such as slaughterhouses, fruit and vegetable processing plants, etc..
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In crafts crafts national revenue has increased by -34217:1.(404000
namely from 30,160,000,000 in the initial proposal t) 33077,900000
in the present proposal., This difference appears because in the
initial proposal one part of the crafts was taken as local industry 4
The initial proposal of the ,ocial Plan provided 382,650,000,000
dinars for the wages funds of all productive workers in our country.
The present proposal provides for 403,1.78,000,000 dinars. Accordingly
the consumers' fund increased therefore by 20,528,000,000
This increase is due mainly because of the increase of the
oonsumers' fund of the peasants. I have already emphasisied that
our price policy hastbe intention to keep the present level of
agricultural products' prices. As a result of the change in the
level of prices in agricultural production, therefore, a change in
the consumers' fund of workers in agriculture in comparison with the
initial proposal, had to be-made-too.
? Kidric gave rdasons according to agricultural branches, for the
increase in the consumption fund.
No-vital changes in the use of capacities.
In the index of the use of capacities there are-no such vitrl
changes 1 which would alter to a greater extent the foreseenTtotal
production, namely, its distribution is Most of the changes are of
a methodical nature,
In the total sum of investments there are no vital changes.
In t he initial distribution ?f national revenue they amounted to
156,425,000,000 and now they are 156,421,000,000 diner.
The volume and the final distribution of the national
revenue in the present proposal of the FPRY government, in
all its vital points,.the.same.as they were in:the initial, proin$al,
Kidric referred to discustions about the draft of the
Social Plan in working collectives, and called upon the working
councils of higher economic associations, who are late with their
observations and suggestions in regard to the draft of the Social
Plan, to send in their suggestions during discussion concerning the
republicencial Plans, and to demand compulsorily their solutions.
"Allow me, comrades, to remind you of some proportions in
the propsed project of the Social Plan, concerning which nothing ha6
been said so far. We have introduced in documentation the creation
and the distribution of national revenue according to ilndividual
People's Republics, In the amounts of the realised national revenue
accoding to individual People's Republics, in consideration have been
taken all economic sectors and branches, regardless under
management they may be. Therefore in conside_ation has been taken the
war industry on the territories of the respective Republics, as well
as railway transport etc. In the amounts of distribution, no
consideration has been taken of that distribution which pasee0 through
the Federal Budget, namely, that consideration has not been taken of
costs of administration of the Federal State apparatus, and also of the
national defence budget. When we compare thus presented amounts of
creation and distributions of the national revenue according to
individual republics, then it is evident that our national policy,
which is being carried out in new rugpslavia, under the leadership of
our party, and personally by Comrade lito, gives also in the economic
sector enormous results already. Montenegr4) sppiadd the revenue which
it did not create alone, but receives it from ()the]. Republics, in facts
negative difference of PR Bosnia Hercegovina is only formal
because this Republic has enormous investments this year in connexion
with the completion of key objectives.
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Ve_can_therefore_say_that all ReEublics,_except Montemlsrij. hav.e_
emerged Troth their passive state in regard to their own creation and
spending of the national_revenue_on _their _territory. This rlo_d2ubt.1
is_areat_succeFs_and .beLl_more a_aparent after the
completJon_of Fey. caldtal Me tis. However excepting Montenegro
and Macedonia, this success enableJ us to equalize the basic
percentages burdening the consumers' fund, namely accumulation for
budget objectives and for objectives of social funds.
Kidric went on to say how great the accumulations will be
per inh.A1)itent in individual Republics, and underlined that we shall
be able to complete the key capital investments, and that the
equalising of' economic capactities of individual l'euple s Republics
will_proceed rapiay.
(POLITIKA - 29 :Larch, 1952)
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SPEECH BY NILEFTIJE 7CTCVIC or FEDERAL BUDGET
The basic characteristic of the new budget system is the
budget independence of all agencies of state authority and the
expansion of budget rights of people's republics and administra-
tive-territorial units. Pepople's republics and peorle's
committees are passing their budgets and make independent 0
distribution of receipts and expenditures, according to the
provisions of the Law on budgets.
The proposed Federal budget for 1952 does not comprise
revenue and expenditure in the general national scope, but only
federal revenue and expenditure of the federal agencies and
institutions.
Means for capital investment and for social insurance
will be financed from special funds under the control of
,-ep,-eeentatives of direct n.roducers.
The budget is in conformity with the distribution of
national revenue, under the proposed social plan of the FFRY
and-provides revenue and expenditures in the amount of
259,511.6 million dinars. The portion of the national revenue
in the social plan of the FPRY for 1952 intended for financing
basic capital investment is ascertained to 135,431 million
dinars.
The total social funds which are comprised in the federal
budget and the budget of republics are reduced by over 16 billions.
The proposed budget for 1952 does not comprise revenues
and expenditures in the general national scope, but only federal
revenues and expenditures of federal agencies and institutions.
People's republics and people's committees, in persuance of
provisions of the Law on budgets are to pass independently
their budgets and make the distribution of revenues and expen-
ditures in the budget. For financing the capital investment,
which in previous years was made mostly from the budget
resources, now the need is imposed that the working collectives
of econonic organizations should be included in resources intended
for capital investment, so it will be financed from special funds
which are to be managed by the representatives of direct producers
in collaboration with the correpsonding state agencies.
Resources for social insurance are created by working collectives
As to the expenditures for social insurance, their resources
-ro created by workinr, collectives and they nre set apart for the
purpose of insuring the workers during illness, old age etc.
Therefore, the service of social insurance. explicitly represents
a social function, and the resources (contribution) for social
insurance are social means with special intentions.. That is ?
the reason why these resources are not comprised in the budget,
but until the creation of special district institutions on the
self-governing base and under the control of the producers'
council of the district, a special fund for financing the services
of social insurance Will be set up, managed by the representatives
of direct producers, while the control over the functioning of
the service will temporarily be carried through state agencies.
Institutions which have certain public functions are set apart
from the budget and put to the system of independent financing.
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The volume of revenues and expenditures in the budget ,
.The proposed federal budget for this year provides revenues
amounting to 259,511.6 million dinars, comprising the revenues
from economy-200,985 millions, revenues of institutions and
offices 1,317.6 millions, miscellaneous receipts 415,0 millions,
aid and sundry -loans for covering budget deficit in the amount
of 56,794.0 million dinars. The expenditure comprises:allocations to
economy 9,532.4 millions, education and national culture 1,705.2
millions, social care 12,705.0 millions, health protection
999,9 millions, national defence 200,000.0 millions, state
administration, judicial and public prosecutors'Offices 4,796.5
millions, allocations tc people's republics and to.the fund of
social insurance 8,734.6 millions and reserve fund, state
reserves and. state liabilities 21,511.6 millions.
From tho total revenue's for social welfare in.the amount
of 12,362,057o000 diners for paying disabled persons allowances
!".nd health protection Of war d4?1b1ed veterans goes 9,400.0
millions, and .2 and a half billions aro provided for the.
correction of allowances of war disabled ? veterans.. :For the
allocations to the fund ofSecial insurance?for expenditures
of social insurance of employees and workers which are paid.
from the budget resources ab amount Of .7,739.0 millions dinars
is ensured. o This is oa'temporary Measure until.the- passing of
provisions which will reTulate the payment of contribution
for social insurance to the wages fund of employees and worker6
employed with state institutions and the agencies which are
financed from the budgeti, The final result of revenue and -
expenditure produces a defidit of56,794.0 million dinars which
will be covered by increasing the revenues resulting from exceeding
the utilization of minimum capacities provided by-the-social
plan of the FPRY, by increasing the interest rate, as well as
by aids and loans from abroad.
Out of a total of 135,421.0 millions which is tho amount
of the mediums of the fund for basic investement building,the
federal plan for basic investment building will absorb 13,933.0
millions and the plans of the basic investment building of the
people's republics will absorb 121,448.0 millions.
In the basic distribution of the national revenue of the
proposed social plan of the FPHY, the social insurance fund and
the children's allowance is fixed at 70 billion dinars.
In regards to the distribution of the national revenue,
the proposed social plan of the Fri-CY for 1952 also fixed the
udEet expenses of tLe people's republics for science and
education, people's health, social welfare, stc.te administration
and budget reserves amounting to 75,004.0 millions diners.
ft2.121.11.1.1.12: bus et e)Eand-n
The reduction of tho social funds which entered into the
federal and republic budgets by over 16 billi,ns dinars is the
result of the policy of maximum stabilization of budget expenses
and economy which is dictated by the distribution of the national
revenue. So this year, more so than in any previous year, we
must pay attention to economize in all types of budget expenses
The losses of individual enterprises which are cuase
the application of the basic obligations of the plan and have
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?
their basis in the backwardness of the individual enterrrises will
be allocated from special funds which will be created in the
republics and which will be used for balancing profit and losses.
Role of the Natinal Bank
The Notional Bank has a special place in carryin- out the
social plan, and the budget, and so for the successful' functioning
of the system-is very important that proper business relati,ns
be established between the Iank and enterprises on the basis of
the busness.independence of the enterprises and the role of the
Bank as agencies of specific social control which will assure the
realization of the basic prpnrtions of the social plan. The
rates of interest in the new system will be increased and will
differ in economic regions - branches and this will have an economic
influence on rrorerly fixing the limits of the working capital
needed by the enterprises,. on the econcny and the properreconomical
management of workinFr capital.
Ctru.gle for fulfilling e-perts - one cf the important tasks
The fulfillment of the exp,rt plan is of extraordinary
interest for our clan and for our markets. The new parity of
the dinar gave the basic hypothesis for the normal relation
between our exporters and every market. Because of price
differences we must have an elaborate system of placing premiums
on exports which in their entirety will assure our participation
on the world market with all of cur products whose surpluses can
be plaCed abroad. These premiums will not be paid out of the
budget but will be accomplished by equalizing the positive and
negative differences acquired in foreign commerce by a special
fund which is necessary at this time.
(PGLITIK 29 March, 1952)
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.23-
TRIAL OF A GROU? OF SI)IES iN CA?0DI6TRIA
(Capodistria, 28th March)
Before the Military Court of Capodistria the trial of a group
of spies of the Fascist organisation "CLN" in Trieste was continued
here today. Silvan d'Appreto was the first to be examined. He
declared that the agent of CLN Vascotto in IriebQe recruited him
to work for this organisation. Upon his instructions the defendant
collected'and handed over various information. The defendant,
d'Appreto, admitted having received approximately 170,000 lire for
his es)ionage work. In reply to a question by the Military
Prosecutor as to why he received the money, the defendant confessed
that he received it as remuneration for information submitted,
The dtfendant tried before the court to reduce his guilt by
emphasising the fact that he was ignorant of the purposes for which the
information submitted was usea. Recently he became aware of this
but then it was too late.
The other defendant Chiereggo Dino decisively confessed before
the court that he was guilty. In reply to the questionsof how he
contacted the organisation OLN he said that the defendant Lugrlianni
told him at the end of 1948 that he was, together with CliBreggo Dino,
included in the list for receiving subsidies. In reply to the
President's question as to the purpose of granting this subsidy,
the defendant stated that help was distributed to the Italians who
remained in Zone B. The defendant further declared that he was
advised not to tell anybody that he was getting some help. When he
went to Trieste to receive the money he was introduced to the
agent Rina Appoloni. This agent interrogated him on the economic
situation in Zone B. The defendant confessed that he received
5,000 dinars monthly as aid. But whenever he went to Trieste to
draw the money he was questioned on the situation in Zone B.
The laBt defendant to be interrogated was the teacher Silvana
Petenev from Porto Rosa. Not until 2 years ago did she begin to
receive "help". She was told by the agent Vascotto that she could
not receive aid before then since she worked for he
Authorities in Zone B. In reply to the question of how she
collaborated with the People's Authorities the defendant said that.
she worked in school more than she should have done. However,
she confessed that the People's Puthorities offered all the
necessary help to the Italian school . Whenever she applied for
help for the Italian school her wishes were satisfied immediately
on the part of the People's Authorities.
In reply to the President's question as to interrogations prior
to the trial the defendant confessed that thetreat.e2 was very good.
The trial is to be continued today in the afternoon, when the
Public Prosecutor and the defence will give their opinion.
(Sd,) A.Z.
(POLITIKA - 29th March, 1952),
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25X1C
LIISJOE TO
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CO NOT DETACII
25X1
SUMMARY OF THE YUGOSLAV PRESS
NO.740
P.1. Headlines
*.
P.2. Headlines
Headlines
P.3. Headlines
FROM POLITIKA OF
INDEX
of Borba of the Uth March
of Borba continued
of Politika of the 13th March
of the provincial press
THE .10TH MARCH
13th March, 1952.
P,13, Wave of inflation in Sastern European countries:
monetary reform
*
25X1C
plunder from
FROM BORBA OF THE 12TH MARCH
P.4. First Congress of Federation of Yu.oslav Students
* -
P.8. Violation of the basic principles of the rights of man
(Article)
* -
P.6. State control of distribution of wages fund
.FROM BORBA OF THE 13TH MARCH
P.9. West German syndicates want to co-operate with Yugoslav
syndicates: statement by Nikola Vujan.:Nic to Borba
P.11. Government Council for Legislation meets today
Council for Agriculture and Forestry met yesterday
Fixing of military service of pupils and students whose
education was upset by the war
Fifth party of Greek children leaves Yugoslavia for hime
Primnrski Dnevnik describes attempt of Cominformists to create
irredentist front in Trieste
P.15. Pritiorski Dnevnik on favouritism shown to Italian
to Slovenian fishermen in Trieste
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 13TH MAaCH
P.15. Trial at Lucca continues
SUPPLEMENT OF TRANSLATIONS FROM PROVINCIAL PAPERS
FROM NOVA MAKEDONIJA OF THE 4TH MARCH
1;.a. Regarding the freedom of religion and the struCf
prejudices and superstition
as opposed
e against
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HEADLINES
BORBA 13th March, 1952,
P.L. Further development of democracy in the work of pertY
?organisations: concerning open party meetdn..gs,-
(Editorial)
GOVERNMENT COUNCIL FOR LEGISLLTION MEETS TODAY
COUNCIL FOR AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY MET a:ESTERD
ToopIe'S-AsseMbly of Slovenia will hold-ite -first
etraOrdinery-session on 21st March
People's -Assembly of B & H meets on ?17th?March
. ? '. ? . .
PRIMORSKI DNEVNIK DESCRIBES ATTEM.r'T OF COLINFORMISTS TO
-CREATE.IRREDENTIST FRONT IN TRIESTE: -
PRIMORSKI DNEVNIK ON FLVOUHITISM'SHOLNTO,ITALIAN
AS OPPOSED TO SLOVENIAN FISIIEHMEN 1N TRIESTE:
*:
Rolling -stock factory "14th Oktobar" in Krucevac
(illustration)
641 DECORATIONS AYJ1RDED TO FTT. . FIGHTERS IN THE PEOPLE'S
LIBER:TION'STRUGGIE -
Letter from. London: new budget before the British
parliament (Report from D.Popovic)
P.2. The problems of our universities: how to improve instruc-
tion in our feculties (Article by ilija Djuricic)
Yesterday the :piercing of the tunnel at Ljeskova Voda was
completed:
First youth briade arrives in Sevojna
Commission for the Consolidation of \forkin, Periods
He12forSlovetia.: Contributions- so far amount to
53,800,000 dinars
*
FIXING OF MILITARY SERVICE OF zU2IL5 1..ND STUDENTS 1\11105E
.EDUCATION k.LS UPSET hY THE 14AR
BIBLIOGRAPHY:: new .number of the periodical Party Development,
(011'icial vehiclk_qf.the CC CPY for questions of party
organisation
? ."
Death of Fadil Dogdibegovic, Party member and former
Borba .correspondent
*
P.3. The great aims and problems of Germany; iest GerMan
Government coalition discusses proposals in Soviet Note:
(Tanjug, Bonn)
Opinion in Bonn (AP?, Bonn)
In UN circles there is no belief in the sincerity of
Soviet contentment (U2, New York)
London doubts success of ne-otiations with 5, viQt,
Union (AFP, London)
.French Cominformistsi_n a predicameat,(Rport from
General Eisenhower arrives in Germany
FIFTH PARTY OFGREEK CHILDREN LEAVE YUGOSLAVIA FOR HOME
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P.3. Letter from Oslo: changes in the electoral system in
Norway again appear on the agenda (Article by Milan Bajec)
ILO rejects complaint of World Syndicate Federation
Statement by Dean Acheson: US attaches great importance to
work of UNO Commission for Disarmament
Erne Gerer threatens huntariens threu,h Loscow's Pravda:
Syndicate officials die innunarien isns (Tarli116,
,
(Tanjug, Vienna) Moscow)
Negotiations in Pan Nun Jam: North Korean-Chinese del-Rt 3tion
still o,pese principle of voluntary repatriation
P.4. Letter from Paris: success of Antoine Piney's Government
in Parliament
The hydro-electric works Slap 'Lete will soon in operation
(Report from Tito rea Su.S.Dj.)
47 motor vehicles for Montenegro
Plenary session of Chief State Arbitration: election ef
Commission to make proi.,osals on the )rianisetion of Arbi-
tration Councils
*
Slovenian ferestry expert will lecture in France-
*
Tito's Marathon's in Slovenia and Croatia
SaTELENT BY NIKOLA VUJANuVIC TO. BOABA: ST GleAMhN
SYNIJICTES ANT TO CO-OPEAATE leITh YUGOSLAV -SYNDICATES
International Bank mediates in Anglo-Iranian dispute
In 'Egypt first sentences passeg4arising-o4t. of January riots
P.5. ThIAL OF JOURNALIST DVS N LHAGOVW CON11NUES
*
From 15th March emergeney services in Belgrade will be
centralised
*
POLITIKA
P.1. TALL' iN LUCCA: CHAUVINIST BEHAVIOUR BY LAWYER DJANINIJI
Report from Lonaon: what the new bud-et offers to the
English (Article by le.Haaoicic)
P.2. Followine, the Soviet Note: strug_le with Germany
(Article by Leon Davicoi
Tourists from Western Germany will visit Yu oslavia
P.3. ADDITIOhAL TAK1FFS tOrt ahiNS?OaT OF LOCUS ON AAJ.LAYS AND
ttIVhS
Second aggregate liut into action in the hydro-elec.tric_works
II? at Zagreb
*
********4
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?3?
NOVA MAKEDONIJA
March 8, 1952.
P.2, Resistance by the Bulgarian workers against the Soviet
subjugation of Bulgaria.
P.3. From the practice of our courts.
P.1.
P.2.
P. 3.
March 9, 1952,
Criticism of a crucial situation in the lead mine of Radusa.
Serafim Avramovski 7 Macedonian emigrant and patriot.
Regarding certain problems of our university and need for
a more responsible attitude towards it (An Article by
Krste Crvenkovski)
SLOVEIINI POROCEVALEC
March 11, 1952.
P.1: Successes and failures of our work among the youth,
P.2. One British and one 'Swiss steamships will serve in the
Adriatic during this summer.
P.1.
P.2,
P.3,
March 12, 1952.
American tourists reach Dubrovnik.
Great success by "JuRofilatelija" (11,600 dollars worth export).
New methods applied in the Rijeka shipyards.
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THE FIRST CONGRE5S OF THE FEDERATION OF STUDENTS OF YUGOSLAVIA
(Zagreb,A,Ith March)
The second day of the Congress of the Federation of'Students o
Yugoslavia was devoted to the work of commissions. ,Their task was
to discuss basically and work out a draft of conclusions about the
future tasks, concerning problems and questions of student organi-
sations,.referred to in the report of the Central Committee,, Five
commissions worked: professionalrideological, political, economic-
social, commissions for international relations and a commissions
for social and cultural-educational work. On the basis of the
work of the commission, the congress at yesterday's final plenum
drew omnclUsions which, amongst others,_ consist of the following:
on the basfs-of'the discussion in commissions, the Congress
emphasises 'particularly that the whole activity of 'student aSsocia-
tions is the comionent part of political work am'n-st'students.
In social work all students should be included, bel-ning from the
fact thet besides good experts we need also ail-mund educated'
cadres, who will have a correct attitude in regard to all cultgreil
problems, who will be capable of executing'all tasks'in the work.
of building and defending the country.
The participation of students in the general social and
cultural life of our country should be. particularly strengthened,
paying particular attention that students lend help to working '
collectives in factories and to co-operatives in the villages.'
In order that the work of Student, Associations mi ht 2btain,
greater success it is necessary to broaden and to deepen the relaa,
tion between individual student centres by collective and individual
,visits and exchange of experiences.
To the Executive Committee of the FederatiOn of Students is
set the task of examining the possibilities of organising inter-
faculty gatherings or festivals. .
?
The Congress brought also conclusions concerning the tasks of
Student Associations and the help which the students should lend
to professors in the solution of problems of education and study
regime, as well as about tasks of student organisations which are
related to the improvement of the economic conditions of work of
the. students,
, The Congress passed a resolution also concerning the inter-
national relations of the Federation of Students of Yuaoslavia.
Making use of earlier experiences, the congress decided ,that the
Federation (q Students of 'Yugoslavia sh(,uld set a t?,?tact as close
as possible with all student organisations and particularly those
organisations of students of non-uropean, countries and to er ()pose
to, them a concrete plan .of collaboration,
The Congress, however, did not accept the so-called conference
of "unity" whose .)biective is to hide the dierupting. policy of the
International Federation of Students whish, as a weapon of the
Cominform, is breaking up the unity, and disables every practical
co-operatian of students.
, The Congress occeoted the recommendations of the Edinburgh
Conference and has set the task to the Central Committee to cc-
operate with with the International Co-ordination Secretariat which ilta_s
created for this purpose.. The Congress approves also that Yugoslav .
students of ' technical sciences become :members of the International - -
Organisation for the Exchange of Students for Technical Practice
and get the task to the Cetitrvl Committee of the Federation to
examine the possibilities of collaboration with similar oraanisa-,
-dons,. such as the In'bQrnationa3.--.0enani aations of Mediral Students,
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IN CONNECTION WITH THE DECREE ON DISTRIBUTION OF 4:ZE FUND--Social
control of distribution of Wage Fund--Labour Union Organisations faced
with a very responsible job
A few days ago the Decree on Distribution of Wage Fund and of
Earnings of Workers and Employees of Economic Enterprises was published.
Under this.decree it has been left to the working collectives to them-
selves decide on the distribution of the, realised Wage Fund of their
respective enterprises. This means that the working collectives them-
selves will fix the amounts of earnings at various jobsites in the
enterprises by keeping to the general prescriptions and bearing in
mind the minimum limits set in the regulation. The.managetwa of
enterpriSes by workers is thereby gaining a fuller materia'
This is a big step forward in our democratic development ta,luse the
administrative way el' fixing wages in enterprises is ben lone away
with: The x4erkers and employees are participating in the distribution
of a portion of the incomes of the enterprise; they are getting their
share in proportion to the efforts which they are putting into the work.
By the fact alone that the state and its agencies are no longer
fixing the amounts of pays of workers and officials but these are
formed and distributed as an earning in the enterprise'itself, there
arises the need of social control and for coordinating the relations
between individual workers or employees and the working collective as
a whole. This role will be played in the first place by the labour
unions,as it is provided in the decree itself. The labour union organ-
isations are thereby taking an themselves one )f the bigaest tasks
since the liber.tian of our country as well as a responsibility that
the receivings by the workers are properly regulated in accordance
with their abilities and in accordance with their contribution in the
way of work to society. On the way in which the labour union organisa-
tions will understand their role will depend net only the carrying aut
ef the regulations and decisions of our Government and Party but also
the proper rewarding of every worker. This should and must be one of
the basic tasks of our labour union organisations.
For this reason it is necessary that the branches -of :labour. union
.organisations in various enterprises should right from the beginning
give help in suggestions end in the carrying out of the new regulation
on earnings. In the first place .the labour union organisations must
immediately start explaining the meaning of the regulation so :that the
regulation be properly understood; they should also help its carrying
out. Although the Managing Boars of the enterprises sheuld draft the
Rules of Enterprises, this does not mean'that the labour union organi-
sations should not interest themselves in these Rules. On the contrary
they must give the maximum amount of help from the beginning to the
end so that the Rules, particularly the tariffs (of wages and salaries)
for every jebsite be properly fixed.
One of the big shortcomings of the hitherto system of wages and
salaries has been the considerable equalising with respect to wages of
the unskilled and highly skilled workers, particularly the highly
specialised technical cadre: Opinions prevail that this is just and
that there cannot be groat differences between the earnim's of the
workers, the exports and managing cadres. On the other hand, at the
4eReal;REFWt3Edaeial:staElihtrffEre PP8oeNtif,t149n ath
managing cadre to fix for themselves considerable high pays in propor-
tion to the wages of the workers. These shortcomings should be removed
in the new system and there should be achieved as correct a relation as
possible between individual categories of workers nd officials,
depending upon their share in the work of the enterprise. These
relations must be such that they have a stilumating effect .n .every
individual in his work, which means that there should be a differenti-
ation between the work of the unqualified and qualified warkers,
between foremen and engineers in enterprises and that there should be
set such.differences in the earnings which will encourage people to
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The labour union organisations should help in analyzing the rules
which have been drifted already (which were drafted at the end of last
year) so that mistakes could be rectified.. In the :same way, the labour
union organisations cannot be disinterested when it is a question of
setting norms and generally estimating the achievements of work, but
rather they must make efforts for the ,proper establishing of these.
On the whole the labour union organisations should help the
Managing Boards and the .Workers Councils from the beginning to the
end so that the Rule6. of Enterprises and the Tariffs should in every
instance be properly established, always bearing in mind the obliga-
tions of the enterprises towards the social community and also bearing
in mind the necessity of proper relations inside the enterprises as
well as the necessity of :preserving law. In fact the lnbour union
organisatifons should mobilize the entire working collective for the
dra-fting of the Rules and particularly fixing the tariff items so that
there should be proper relations with respect to the earnin7s of the
workers and employees 'in accordance with their skill ability and
efforts.
The rules will generally be approved by the state boards. The
task of these state boards is to maintain a proper relation with
respect to earnings among various working collectives in the same
enterprise according to their contribution to the social community.
Ther surely will be various shortcomings in the fixing of tariff
items--either up * down. In view of the fact that the state boards
will inspect the Rules of all the enterprises of a. branch of economy
in the republic, they will represent that social control which coordin-
ates the earnings of the workers, which neturally does not moan the
equalisation of earnings. By all means, those working collectives
which make greater efforts will earn more than the others, which is
just and justifiable and. socially beneficial.
Since thisscarrying out and .coordination will demand a censider-
.
abl3 amount of we5A 'Which must be done_ very conscientiously, the state
boards should'immedintely sot up :groups ')ie commissionsecompsed of the
bust activists wh,o will help the mana7,emente of the enterprises .to
carry out this t;Ask -Ats successfullY as?pssible. While the basic job
of the State b oarja: is to ensure proper relations insirle the enter-
prises and. amongVarious 'enterprises ,ef nn economic branch in a
republic, the central boards of lnbo,nr un i ons have the job of coor-
dinating the relations inside an entire branch of economy, whereas
the job of the central councils is to coordinate the relations among
the various branches of economy in the several republics and in the
entire:MY:
The sorieusness and scope of this .task demnnds that the labour
union .organisations pay the greatest attention to it. It is indis=
pensable to help, through conferences and seminars, the labour union
activists to properly understand their role and to, explain -to them
things which are not clear.
The Rules will soon be intrAuced, which means that the labour
unions and agencies of management of enterprises will have to work very
hard. The organisations and social rwencies of the working class will
continue to be confronted with the big task of seeing to it that the
Rules are properly applied and that the wages funds are being properly
used and distributed. This is the form of social control over the
distribution of wage fund and is also a very significant progress in
the direction of development of democracy in our country.
(sgd) "Norbert Bober"
Member of thc Central Council of Yugoslav
Labour Federation
(BORBA - 12th March, 1952)
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pharmaceutical students, economists and others. At the same time
the need-wbe emphasised that the Central Committee shauld continue
to co-operate with the United Nations Organisation, UNESCO, in all
problems which relate to the needs of students.
The revision of scholarships, children's incomes and other
forms of help to students is one of the most im)artant tasks
which have been stressed in the conclusions and about the
economic help in social problems of the students, .The task was
set in university centres to make proposals to the Executive
Committee of the Student Fe6eratim of Yuc-,oslavia to the Council
fOr Science, Culture and Education ,f the FPRY Government for
issuing a uniform decree c,ncerning the pretenta.? of the health
of students. The Congress accepted. unanimously a number of
conclusions in connection with the orp,anisation of medical examina-
tion of stv-Ients and the foundation of student clinics and first
aid posts in university centres and hiph schools where they do not
exist. The proposal concerning devotion of care to sick students
was acceoted as well as creating a broad network of convalescent
homes in the country. The Congress decided also to create
student self-aid on the basis of the contributions of the students
themselves. During the afternoon the reporter of the Statutes
Commission gave a report concerning the work on the elaboration
of the Statutes of the Federation of Students of Yu4;oslavia and
about amendments which the Commission in the projects of
the Statutes and on the basis of amendments of individual pro-
fessional association has made. The delegates then discussed
concerning the proposed project end accepted the new Statute of
the organisation.
During the discussion concerning the Statute arose the
-
question of the role and authority of the Central Committee of
the work of student organisations. On this question on
principles of the democratic methods, of leading organisations
the opinions wer.0 divided should the Central Committee'be the
leading organ of the Fedel.ation or a co-ordinating one, which
would take care of the carrying-out of all decisions of the
Congress. This discussion in.which. este to therfore the
struggle of thought shows that the student associations should
direct independently the execution of concrete tasks of all
committees in their own sectors.
After the report of the Verification Cohaite-e, the reporter
of the Candidature Committee brought forward a proposal and the
list of candidates of the new Central Committee.andthelistof the
election of a new Supervisors' Commission. Af ar discussion
the Congress accepted both the lists as propOsed.
In the Central Committee 47 people have been elected and in
the Su3ervisory. Committee 7.
(BORBA - 21th March, 1952),,,
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?
VIOLiTION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF HUY.IN RIGHTS
The police regime of Vik? Cervenkov has jAst recently renewed its
attack on the principles of justice freedom and human rights; it has
upheld the criminal` sentences passed by the court in Plovdiv on the
innocent Yugoslav citizens Danilo Doncic, Tafil Redzep and others.
This has been the reply to the request made by our government that new
crimes be prevente.d as w,ell as the reply to the demands of the inter-
national democratic public to spare the lives of men for whom Cerven-
kov, s regime has prepared a CominfOrm guillotine,
The history of this decision does not differ very Much from-the
methods which the Cominformist exponents in the satellite countries
have hitherto so many times applied in the abuse of justice in order
to carry out their dirty anti-Yugoslav ?aims. This throws a still
stronger light upon this entire event and destroys the last remnants
of the screens behind which the stage=setters of Plovdiv and subse-
quently of Sofia had tried to hide their crime.
After the "trial" in Plovdiv, the dossier was sent to the
Supreme Court in Sofia together with explanations. In the explanations
it was said that the sentences passed on Darilo Doncic , Tafil Redzep
arid others should not be annulled. The only one who deserved the
"mercy" of the Plovdiv Court was the provocateur Mursel Omerovic.
About him the Plovdiv judges said in the explanation that he had "behaved
very well at the trial" and that he would improve,
The consideration of the case in the military division , of the
Bulgarian Supreme 'Court was the same as all the previou.s ones. On this
occasion too the defense counsels' in fact attacked the accused and in
a servile way gave statements thus preparing the way, fer an already-made
decision. The history of justice has not hitherto ( except in the case
of the practice of the Cominform "law' courts") recorded a case where
the defense counsel had ,completely ignored all the argument given by the
accused in his own defense. The "defense counsels" ,in Sofia at this
consideration of the case also were fully consistent with their colleagues
in previous cases where 'anti-Yugoslav trials were staged.The lAwyer of
Julije Kacarov, , for example, did not even, mention the statement she had
given in Plovdiv to the effect that she did riot feel guilty.
The upholding in Sofia of this crime represents new proof Of
consistency of the USSR satellites, particularly Bulgaria, in their
hostile policy towards Yugoslavia which is being directed from Moscow.
The upholding of the .court decisions in Plovdiv is a proof of the fact;
that all the efforts made by the Yugoslav Government and by t;he UN that
the relations between Yugoslavia and .the 'Soviet-bloc countries be
normalised have not yielded any .results. The satellite country of
Bulgaria is continuing and sharping its fatal policy of poisoning the
relations in this part of the .world--the practice of cruel squaring of
accounts with everything Yugoslay.
However, judging from everything it appears that the persistent
endeavour to deprive the innocent Yugoslav citizens of, their lives has
also other motives. It is also a reaction to the symptoms of passive
citizens who have been destined to be victims of the anti-Yugoslav policy.
brutal methods will be applied to everyone who refuses to bend his neck
The death of Doncic and Redzep has to serve as a warning that similar
a notice to the Bulgarian people who are deprived of their rights that
resistance which is increasingly occurring in the Soviet-bloc countries.
obediently to the Cominform yoke made in Moscow. This is serving
they must remain deprived of their rights.
represents .ye t t he r effort to save the lives or -bho irmrzcout Yugoslav
connection with the upholdi.ne of tie decision ,pertaining to the crime
The Note which yesterday our gov ernment handed to Bulgaria in
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The demand that the Bulgarian Government stop the carrying out of the
death sentence passed on Doncic and Redzep is identical with the voice
which the international democratic public has raised in order to stay
the hand of the Ceminform hangmen in order to stop new persecutions of
Yugoslav citizens and in order to prevent violation of the principles
of freedom and basic human rights.
(sgd) "Ve P."
(B-OkBZ"L'i2th March, 1952)---.
ST,TE1JENT BY "NIKOLA VUJZOVIC GIVn TO "BORB t" CO .ALWONDENT--WEST
SYNiICTES,IISH TO CuOPEI-LiTE WITH YUGOSL AT SYNDICATES
The delegation of the Federation of Lab)ur Syndicates of Yugo-
slavia, which has been on A visit to West Germany as guests of the
Federation of Labour Syndicates of Germany, has just returned to
Yugoslavia. The leader of the delegation, Comrade Nikola Vujenovic,
has summed up to .a correspondent of BOrba the aims and results of this
visit.
":,t, the invitation of the Federation of Labour Syndicates of
Germany a delegation of our syndicates spent fifteen days in West
Germany as guests of those syndicates. The'object of our vibit to
Germany was t) acquaint ourselves with the role, life and organisation
of the German syndicates and also to acquaint the German syndicates'
as far as possible on such an occasion, with the experiences'of the
working class of Yugoslavia. '
"Such a meeting is the more important in view of the feet that '
cooperation between the syndicates of lest Germany and the syndicates
of Yugoslavia have through it entered upon a new phase, Th phase of
much closer and more all-round mutual acounintence, in view of the
fact that this was the first official contact of this kind after which
a deleg tion of the Feder-tion of Labour Syndicates of Germany' will '
visit our country during this year, and there Will be further steps
in the direction of strengthening mutual cooperation, acquaintance and
rapprochement.
"During our, tour of West Germany we. met with friendi,Y:re00,Ptior?
and the desire for cooperetion both in the ranks of the leaderS.of
the Federatien of Labour Syndieates.of Germany and among the Workers
in factories and mines.,
"We found great sympathies for the struggle which our country is
fighting for its economic buildup, for its -defense of peace in the
world and for its defense el its national independence. The firM
attitude adopted by Yugoslavia in the struggle far equality of all the
peoples, for their right to themselves organise their country ne-
cording to their own wishes and condiWns has fairly deeply Penetrated
among the German workers; 'Hence the greet interest for the happenings
in our country and the great respect for the people's of Yugoslavia.
Naturally, there is still in Germany a lot of unclearness in connection
with our development and our life, but hewever there exists ethere a
desire t) clarify things and there also exists the- vod, will for.
cooperation. This really is a guaranty that this cooperation will be
closer and through this cooperation men in Germany will gat clearer
n)tiens regarding the development of socialist Yugoslavia and regarding
the mutual interests )f the workers of the two countries. We, natur-
ally, wish neithe-r-to receive foreign recipes for the wOrk of our
syndicates 'nor to impose such recipes upon others. We enly wish to ,
mutually aCquaint ourselves, to exchange experiences Ind t) cooperate
on an equal basis on all questions in which the interest's of the German
and Yugoslav workers are similar. There are, today many such questions.
This in fact is the strongest_gueranty that the cooperation,between
the syndicate4PBE"IthFRAgreRAVVRgitilirch4RDPB3M4t5R01itattea2a0b09sleepened
and strengthened."
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Asked about the role and position ef the Tederatien of Labour
Syndicates of Germany.in the social life and about the pr)spects of
fqrther development of German syndicates, Comrade Vujanovic said:
"14 a short statement it is.difficult to give a full reply to such a
question, therefore, I will limit myself to a few most basic thoughts.
First, it is necesslry to emphasise the fact that the Federation of
Labour Syndicates of Germany represents a very strong organisation
which has a membership of about 6 million workers. This means in
practice that it embraces an enormous majority of the workers of West
Germany. H.
"Although official circles in the syndicates emphasise the
n)npolitical character of this organisation, the organisation has
really a great influence on the entire social and political life of the
country. It could not be otherwise because the w)rking class of West
Germany has, regardless of the differences in political views of these
or those circles, many common interests. In the first place, the
)rganisati)n as a whole is interested in defending and further expanding
the rights which it has won to date. This both in the realm of the
rights if the workers t) codecision (in th)se branches of
economy where this right exists) and in the struggle for expanding
this right t) new branches of economy and also in the struggle for
giving of more content to the factory councils (in those branches of
economy where the right of c)decision does n)t exist) for further
development -of socialist legislation in the democratic sense, for
higher wages and salaries, etc.
"The working class of West Germany as a whole is also vitally
interested in checking all the neoFascists and militaristic tendencies.
One may say that on this point it is united because it does not wish
that the experiences of 1933 to 1945 be repeated.
"Viewea as a whole, the labour class of West Germany is also
united on the point that it does not wish to become either a weapon
in the hands of the Soviet foreign policy or an instrument of any
other reactionary forces in the world.
"With respect to the paths towards the realisntion of these aims,
there exist plenty big differences within the framework of the Feder-
ation of Labour Syndicates of Germany, but one may expect that the
need for unity of the working class on a joint and at the same time
progressive program will be str)nr4er than all the differences. And
this will at the same time mean a further growth of the rale and
significance of the Federation of L e,ur Syndicates of Germany whereby
there will be strengthened the guaranty for the further democratiq
development of Germany. The Federation of Labour Syndic-,tes of Yugo-
slavia sincerely wishes unity of the German workers on a progressive
and democratic program and for this reason it follows with sympathies
the efforts which they are making to surmount all the difficulties and
differences."
(BORMA 13th March, 1952)
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GOVERNMENT COUNCIL COUNCIL _FOR LEGISLATION MEETS TODAY,
Today will. take-place a meeting of the Ceuncil for Legislation
and the building of the People's Authority of the FPRY.The Council
will discuss and examine several important decrees and draft laws.
Among gthers the :following will be examined : Draft of the kemeral
law concerning People's Committees, directives Pboutthe organisation
of administration of District People's Cer-rr,4ttees, directives concern-
ing the organisation of .administration ef Municierl People's
Committees, the draft law concerning amendments and.sueelements of the
law concerning the People's Courts, drPfts nf the basic decrees on
vocations and wages of em-eloyees in state administration, the decree
concerning the wages of emeloyees in cultural-scientific erofessionsi
decrees concerning the wages of emeloyees in the health services,
decrees concerning organisation of Labour Exchanses and the rights
to material insurance of eersons. not in working relations, the
decree concerning the right of emeloyees of'secial organisations
to gratuities and other decrees miregulations.
(BOritiA. - 13th lqerch, 1952).
COUNCIL Farc AGrclCuLTURE 'AND FOALSMY LETeYEST.ZiW
The Counoil for Agriculture andf Forestry of the; Govern-
ment of the F.Pii.Y met yeeterday. At this meeting were discussed ,
some eroblems of the'develoement of agriculturel eroductionl.organi-
sation of forestry, spring sowing and ex ort of arricultaral pro-
ducts. The meeting also discussed some erojects which the Central
Agricultural Federation of the FTAY sent to the Council on the
basis of the Thir.J. Plenum,
.:(BORBA 13th .4er:ch., 195[45.);
FIXING OF MILITARY SR ICE OF PUPILS AND STUDENTS WHOSE EDUCATION
A,AS UST BY THE WAR.
'The Supreme'CmMander efeethe.Armed-Forcee and Ninister Of
National Defence of the FPRY has eresc7i'-..e'r4 rulpS concerning the -
amendments and sueelements of the rules for the execution of the law
for Military service forYugeslav.citizene.. Tnthe new rules, which
have cote into force,1 it iS:foreseen:that students whose education
was u;,set: by the Wgrtdid.not begin their university training'in:-
time, as well as tho7 who because of:the-war had to break off their
education so' f
:?F0Fuslar.attendance?at Schools after the
'war culd.notee6mlete their studies till the nCe of 271 exception-
ally their Military service can be eoste,oned until they are 31 years
of aee. Military service cannot be e)ost?ned for those eersone.who
finished one faculty and wished to centinue .studies in another
faculty,.'epueils.who attend reeularly hi eh schools or some ere-.
fessionai Schdel_and whe because of war conditions couldnet :finish
their; studieS?on time-When their class is celled'ue :for military
service, the pos-t)eenement of their service can be exceetien4ly
eermitted till they:aro'23-lears old.
Requests for the postponement of service should be pre-
sented to the recruiting commission which decides them. In cases
where recruiting has already taken ?lace, the requests are sent to
the military section. When putting in requests the students have
to present, together with the request, a document. that they are
inscribed as regular students, and pueils that they are inscribed
as reeular pupils. Students who demand exceetinnally eosteone-
ment until they are 31 years old, as well as_those pupils who demand
)ost ,onement until they are 23 years old, besides the above-mentioned
documents, must also present a document of the organ competent for
internal affairs, of the district, namely town, ward, People's
Committee, that because of the wprthey had to break off their studies
and they dAPprtAi6deailNdi/04/137akRDF;h0d"e-C
415R011200120004-9
ision concerning
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pos.Oonement is valid for one year so that every following year .
its validity is prolonged for another year so as long as the
interested person proves that the reasons for postponement
exist. (Tanjug) .
(BORBA - 13th March, 1952.)
FIFTH PARTY OF GREEK CHILDREN LEAVES YUGOSLfIVIJ, AM HOME
About a hundred children from Greece who have been living in
YuEoslav Red Cross homes will leave for Greece on 16th March
to rejoin their parents;
In accordance with the resolution of the UNC General Assembly,
the Yugoslav Red Cross has repatriated 464 children, up to now.
On 13th and 14 th March this fifth party of Greek children
will be handed over in Belgrade to the care of a special
COMMiSSI.'")3 composed of delegates of the International Le?ue.4.,
of the Red Cross and the International Committee of the Red
Cross, and representatives of the Greek and Yugoslav Red Cross.
It is in this connection that Mr.Eugen de Vek, representative of
the International League of the Red Cross and Mrs.Theodora
Lamberk, Mrs.Alexandria Mela, Professor Pericles Bizoukidic and
Mr.Telmakio Dimitridis have come to Belgrade from Geneva.
(BORBA. 13th March, 1952)i
641 DECORATIONS AWARDED. TO FIGHTERS IN THE PEOPLEfS LIBERATION
STRUGGLE FROM THE FTT
(Capodistria, 12th March)
The Praesidium of the People's Lssembly of the ?FPRY decorated
641 former fighters and activists who partici:,-f,d in the
People's Liberation Struggle on the territory of the FTT. In the
Yugoslav Zone of the FTT 400 decorations will be distributed end
in the An. 10-American Zone 241 persons will get decorations.
(Tanjug)
(ORA - 13th March, 1952),
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WAVE OF INFLATION IN E STERN EUROPL,N COUNTRIhS) PLUNDER IN THE FORM
OF MONETARY REFORM.
In the course of last year the satellite countries of Eastern
Europe were overflown by a strong, wave of inflation which was becoming
from day to day stronger, so that it became the basic economic problem
for the cominform governments. In the first place the inflation hit
working classes of these countries. The prices of foodstuff comodities
and other necessities were goin7 up far more rapidly than the salaries
and wages. In Nungary for instance, during 1951 the average salary was
raised by 28 percent, while the pricetof sugar, vegetable oil, lard
and milk has been doubled, and the prices of bread and some other
foodstuff comodities were three times the former prices. Owing to this
uneven rise of prices the average living standard of masses had ,
unavoidably to fall down considerably, and first of all of workers
engaged in industry.
The cuases of inflation lay first of all in com-lete subju7a-
tion of economy of sntellite countries to the requirements of the
Soviet policy and economy. The Soviet Union imposed to cominform
contries a heavy burden of executing the armament programme and
the construction of strategic projects. The preorientation of the
industrial production to the war industry could not be without effects.
Developing itself under the complete Soviet control, the economy and
especially the industry of satellite countries do not serve to their
own needs and to the economic independence. According to the Soviet
imperialistic plan, the satellite countries should develop only those
economic branches which serve as a complement to the economy of USSR.
It is obvious that the production from these economic branches, under
conditions of "brotherly" commercial exchange, is primarily carried
to USSR.
Under conditions of such economic administration the greatest
part of the national revenue went to the needs of armament, or simply, it
was taken to USSR. Inasmuch as such servile economic policy is carried
out without any regard at all, the pressure of inflation in satellite
countries has become more visible and more riTid.
In order to stop the inflation, the cominform governments
introduced monetary reforms, that is by exchamging money in that rate
so that this measure practically means a new form of plundering its
own working -lasses. Such "Monetary reform" has been introduced in
Poland and recently the Rumanian government resorted to this measure.
The cominform propaganda endeavours to show the monetary reform as
measure which comes "after great successes" in increase of production,
and as a way "to raise" the wages of workers and to improve their
supply.
Conditions under which the change of money is made in Rumania
deny these allegations of the cominform propaganda. There, for a new
leu 30 to 400 old lei were given, dependin7 . in which hands the
old money was. The worker for example, could change the first thousand
lei in the rat o 4f 100:1, the second thousand - 200:1, and if he had
something abeve that amount, the exchange was made 400:1. Economic
enterprises were making the exchange at the rate of 200 lei for 1,
and their monetary resources in banks at the rate of 30 lei for 1.
State econimic enterprises and institutitens, and that means in the
first place the Seviet-Rumar4an joint companies or so-called "Sovrcmi",
made the exchange at the rate of 20:1, that is with the greatest
PrE4ICkne Foreign citizens in Rumania, and there are no other than :the
Rus6ns were excheDging money at the preference rate of 20:1.
o
It is clear that such unequal exchange rate was aimed to ?
pull out mowrook 4113F hereg4g0S6)
yie from-the pecket of a working man,
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in order to balance the pufchasing end trading funds of the country.
The worker now has to buy with far less money consuming goods at that
price which was in the main set before the reform, though the prices
of certain articles are officially reduced by 5 to 20 percent.
The Rumanian government, on the other hand, had to establish a
favourable exchange rate for economic and first of all for the state
enterprises because in the greatest number of them copartner is the
Soviet capital. Because every economic measure of the Rumanian
government must be to the benefit and not to the detriment of the Soviet
capital.
By. this "monetary reform" the leu will be in future pegged with
the "firmest currency in the world" - the ruble, at the exchange rate
of 1 ruble for 2.80 lei. This new ratio of leu to ruble is in fact
the increase of the purchasing power of the ruble in the trade
exchange between Rumania and USSR, and that practically means offering
still more possibilities to the Soviet bureaucratic caste for plundering
the Rumanian economy.
The monetary reform in Rumania caused a purchasing panic in other
Cominform countries, which are under the pressure of inflation, as for
example Czechoslovakia. On the other hand there are rumours that in
Bulgaria monetary reform will very soon be introduced. All this
indicates a very difficult position.of economy in the satellite countries
because of their complete subordination to the interests of the USSR.
In order to save themselkres from the difficult economic position,
as the result of the Soviet subjugation, the governments of satellite
countries resort to the monetary reform to the detriment of working
masses. The Soviet bureaucracy makes use of this to create conditions
for a still more mischievous plunder and to enslave the economy of these
countries.
Sd. D.Katic .
POLITIKA, Parch 10, 1952
"PRITCHSKI 1)ErVI'IK" (.:L TIL TS U2 COIIFG.t. I T TO C,ZLIE I RED-rTIST
FRONT ir '
771-7sT777777171-12)
Today's issue of Primorski Dnevnik turnst , the attemrts of Trieste
cominf-:rmists to create chauvinist and irredentist fr(nt, which would
lend a campai-n for annexation of FTT to Italy.
"The direct cause for their campaign - writes Frimerski Dnevnik
is the Yucroslnv ?-rop, snl for mutual settlement of the Trieste auc-sticn
within the Pence Tronty with Italy. By this the question of Zone "B"
would also find its natural solution. And just in this lies the danger
for Vidali cominf;rmists. Compr mise solution of the Trieste question
would wind up politically Vid-li's partners in the irredentist and
chauvinist circles; moreover, it would represent a very grave danger
for the existence of Loscow agency in Trieste itself. This is why it
ineoessary - concludes the newspaper - to engage all available forces
to prevent the agreement between these two countries". (Tanju7)
(BORBA - 13 March, 1952)
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"PRIMORSKI DEEVYIK" ON FAVOURITISM SHOWN TO ITALIAN AS O7POSED TO
SLOVENIAN FISHERS IN TRI ST
(Trieste, March 12)
Primcrski Dnevnik from Trieste writes about a new fishing
association in Trieste which hs recently been established - followinr,
p meeting which the Director-General of the Italian "Consorzic
Ccoperativa Pescatore e Affini" had with -1 group of fishermen.
The newspaper writes'about'the incorrect criterion in the distribution
of funds fcr the 'developlentOf fishimr in Trieste, emphasizing thnt
the Italian nss_cciation from Livirinn "Gehepesca'' received 568 million
lira while-the Slovene fishermen got nothing.
Fishing in Trieste was'once in the hands of Slovenes and
before the World War I was very' strong and united into solid cc-(-Pe-
rative units. Italy after the First World War jeopardized and fru-
strated the Slovene fishing to develop nnd strted a planned infil-
tration and favouring Italian fishermen. Folowing the Secorld World
War the position of Slovene fishermen has not changed. By a sub-
stantial nid which was given to the Trieste fishing after the Second
World War, the Slovens' fishers mdde no use oftbecause that aid was
exclusively allocated to a,encies of Itc.lian 1ish1r1c ssociations
in Triestee"Consc,rzio frp, i Pesdatori","Societa Triestina Pesca del
Tono" and "Genepsca".' fiShing'nssoCiations were making use
of the aid coming from Larshall Flan.
The aid to the Italian fishermen who are in a'great part
infiltrated, and neglect Of local Slovene fishermen, who live along
the whole'ccast from Trieste to Trzic, are aimed at the elimination
of Slovene.fishermeni
(Sd.) M.P.
BORBA March 13 1952)
TRIAL AT LUCni CHAUVINISTIC. ACCESS COM'ITTED.BY THE LAWYER GIANINI
(Lucca, 12 Marchl
The trial against- Garibnldini prrtis-ns at Lucca wns resumed
vestordny, after a longer adjournment, by a speech of the counsel
Pietro Barbieri who defends the absent Yinrio Toffanini, for whom the
Public frosecutor demanded 30 years ef imprisonment.
After the lawyer Barbieri came to the bar the most fervent
advocate of the civil charge, the well-known chauvinist lawyer Gianini,
who attacked 0aribaldini partisons nnd the-Slovene6. He set objectinns
which Slovenes could at any time use against thE Italians, he spoke
about the persecution of Italian sc,00ls, about forcible change cf
npmPs: Gianifti made all thcse objecti,)ns to the Slevene.partisans who
in 1943 liberated parts of Venetia 'GiUlia; The speech of the lawyer
Gianini Was not less .chauvinistic thau. the speech made by the Public
Prosecutor Dr. Agostini,
CPOLITIKA
13 March 1952),
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REGARDING, THE FREEDOM OF RELIGION AND THE STRUGUE AGAINST
PREJUDICES AND SUPERSTITION,
?Aucording to a resolution passed at the fifth plenary meeting
of the CC of the Macedonian OF, the future tasks of party organiza-
tions in Macedonia in the sphere of ideological education will be
as follows:
In its struggle for the building up of new social relations
and the education of the working people in the spirit of socialism,
our Party cannot restrict itself to the suppression of superstition
only. As a result of ideological 'influence upon our workers exer-
cised by the Party, they are supposed to be able to get rid of
the influenge of religion in general and mysticism"..."The freedom
of religiWguaranteed by our Constition but this does not mean that
Our Party is prevented from conducting on ideological, .scientific
and propaganda struggle against the influence of religion, prejudices
and mysticism".
We maintain that an additional comment is necessarily to be
added to this with the object of establishing a more correct under-
standing of the essential points contained in this standpoint, and be-
cause Of certain attempts byeame reactionary hostile elements to
represent our ideological struggle as an "attack? on the church and
the believers, as well as ' on their religious rights. It is
further necessary because some of our people who do not share the
religious feelings of the believers still hesitate to speak in public
discussions openly defending their,own non-religious conceptions, this
being partly due to the effect of these' manoeuvres by the enemy. They
also do not pAse questions concerning detrimental consequences of
superstition,/he established hostile activity by certain priests.
Such problems can be discussed in mass organizations. They fail to
do so hoping that such behaviour would, maybe, not be in accordance
with the constitutional freedom and right of the believers and the
church..
Our Party, being 'b. revolutionary party,has adopted a progressive
ideology founded on scientific and materialistic basis. In this way
it is the forerunner and organizer of the masses in their building
up of anew socialist society, in their revolutionary abolition of
the old state of affairs, in the revolutionary changes of social
relations. All.this demands from the masses to be socialistically
minded. Therefore our Party must be concerned about all that,waging
a practical rtruggle against the remnants of alien ideologies and
obsolete conceptions in the mindsof the people, avoiding at the same
time to undermine its Own achievements realized by the revolutionary
proletariat. The ideological struggle against prejudices of a reli-
gious-nature which distort the minds of people and render their will
passive is D part of the party struggle for the oaus of the people,
for their correct education, for their mastering of scientific and
materialistic conceptions about the world, natural processes and
social development. The Party must free the people of a belief
that somebody else or some sort of a power but not themselves are
the masters and creators of social relations and their own life.
The people must get rid of fatalistic and inhuman reconciliation .
with imposed or established social conditions which do not correspond
to human dignity pertaining to that enormous number of workers who,
although being the creators all of benefits,are compelled to
exploited and deprived of all rights. The Party must free the
workers of a hypocritical love towards,tWqyelag-79.410f tppy are
e irkui e s
their actual enemtes.Furthermore, it aid-t/i46' ct e p llosephy" of
enduring the sufferings and injustice, and hope in posthumous life,
How and to what extent the people are going to strive for their own
happiness here in the world it will depend upon the success in the
dispersion of these velg,)e conceptions.
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Referring to this ideological struggle, one must immediately
point out the following: this is a matter of a process aimed at
the furthering of the eduaation of our workers, the development of
their ideological level to a hight which would correspond to their
tasks. This has been necessitated by the future development or our
revolution and therefore it is not a matter of the struggle against
the freedom cf religion in our country, against different churches or
restrictions imposed upon their righta established by law in general,
or restrictions imposed on one church or another. Being a socialist
country, we know what the prospects of our community are like. We
are aware of the fact that.following the road towards the building
up of a new society we shall have generations who wt,l1 be socialist-
ically minded to the,full extent, reach a necessary level as to their
general education, 'free of obscure spiritual hindrances of the past
and the worship of any supernatural forces. Otherwise, we cannot
imagine that our progress towards the establishment of communism is
possible, Moreover, we cannot allow that people who will have the
task of carrying out this change can be of a different type. Such a
type of men can be created only in the course of an ideological
struggle, free competion of ideas and opinions, and a free ideo-
logical strife. Ideology which is in the service of the working
people alone can be triumphant in this struggle, being at the same
time in conformity with its interests and progress.
The enemies of socialism always used lies as their favourite
weapon claiming that the communist party is generally incompatible
with the church, that it is bound to persecute the ehurch and
oopress the freedom of religion. This shallow lie and demagogy
has completely been eXpoied in the course of our socialist building
up. The rights of the church and the citizen8 in our country have
been determined by the Constitution and other positive legislation.
The freedom of religion has.elso been guaranteed. Hitherto not a
single church has been closed down in our country. The same applies
to the mosques and synagogues. There were no measures of administra-
tive nature directed against the free conduct of services in them,
or the performance of eny other religious ceremonies on the part of
both the priests and the citizens in our country. No other kind of
pressure has been made to this effect. Furthermore, the peoolels
aethorities who are very?much concerned about the observance of law
will take steps against culprits who violate the positive legal
regulations concerning this subject. In addition to this, on the
basis of our socialist demncracy which separates the church from the
state, the church is completely free and independent, having an
opportunity of devoting itself fully to the fulfilment of its own
ends. On the same line, all citizens are free and equal, none of
them are being favoured at the expense of the others (namely, of
the believers or non-believers). On the other hand, on the line with
the most democratic solution of the question ef the freedom of reli-
gion and the national problem, full equality has in our country bern
granted to all churches. Therefore wc are strictly opposed to any
kind of religious intolerance, hatred or massacres. The people's
authorities have even surpassed these limits set by the granting of
the rights to the church. Taking into consideration that a great
lAr% of the people is still under the influence of their religious
feelings and wish to perform their religious duty regularly, the
Government cf PR Macedonia allotted a materiel aid tn the church
immeciately following the war, so that necessary repairs could be
carried out. Some sort of financial support was also granted to
the clergy with the object of enabling. them to carry out their duty
normally. Ration cards, for example, were issuod tnethe priests, etc.
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All this sufficiently proves that the freedom of the church
and religion exists in our count rN As regards the future, the
rights and freedoms are not going either to be restricted or sus-
pended at all. It is therefore a matter of an intensification of
efforts within our Party and the Peoplels Front directed towards
a more systematic, extensive and wider spreading of scientific views
with the object ofhaping the people to realize the scientific truth
about the development of nature and mankind. The fulfilment of this
task will not result in the ignoring of religious rights within the
framework of our democratic order which favours a free struggle of
opinion, a free clabhtetwtehprogressive ideolb4es based upon the
scientific materialism on theene side and the freely expressed
ideology ofthe church on the .other. The church is free to pro-
pagate the religious coneeptionsof the world and people. The church
does this daily during eermons and various religious ceremonies
performed at the cemetery, in the peoplels homes, on the occasion of.
baptizing or weddings,. ',etc. It was not by any means prevented from
doing so. Pressure wasnot exercised upon the priests or the people.
Our Party and mass organizations are in the same way granted the
freedom of, propaganda, which is not only their right but also duty.
They also may introduce their own materialistic ideology which is
not based upon false conceptions and illusions and blind belief, but
on scientific truths in the minds of the people. This is their task
especially connected with the advance in our social progress which
is the concern of our worters. The enemies of socialism alone, the
enemies of our working people and the peoples authority, can pretend
that this free struggle of opinions which does not at all affect the
rights and freedom of religion and which does not impose anything
upon people, leaving up to them to decide which ideas they should
adopt, is directed against the freedom of religion. Our Party and
other organizations always maintained that to suppress religious
prejudices and superstition represented one of their tasks. Appro-
priate steps must be undertaken for the spreading of scientific
conceptions about nature and society, thus changing the minds of the
people by the strength of the scientific thought and not by oopression,
or prohibitions and persecutions. The people cannot be forced by
means of administrative Measures to change their views. Although
communists have anti-religious :feelings, they never failed to display
full respect and understanding for the faithful and their feelings.
However, they never wished to denY'their wish to discuss freely with
them the problem of various prejudices, thus helping them to realize
their error. As an illustration of patience and tolerance displayed
by the communists, their delicate attitude towards other peoplets'
conceptions, one can take the following example: not a single member
of the Peoples Front, Or any other organization, or the agencies
of the peoplels.authorities-were dismissed owing to their religious
feelings, .Even in the ranks of party members, we can find certain
remnants of religious concePtional,while some momb-ers even observe
religious Ceremonies. The party organizations condemn such facts
which are alien to the revolutionary consciousness of the people.
They also help these members of CP to get rid as soon as possible
of that burden of the past. This action is being carried out within
the framework of the'Par-6y.
against this hindrance
In fact, if ideological struggle/is to be intensified,this does
not/ mean that the freedom of religion is affected, as stated by the7
enemy :mhblAin'effect is not concerned about the church and religion
but takesthis as an opportunity of waging his political struggle. In
effect, we .are concerned about certain organizations which were duped
by this hostile propaganda and machinations. Intending to be fair
with regard to the question of religion, they neglected their tasks
regarding the ideological education of the masses and thus found
themselves on the defence lines. This occurred even in connection
with criminal abuses of backward people by unconscientious priests,
saints" and miracle makers".
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With regard to the protection of the democratic freedom-of
religion and continuation of a steady vigilaneetowards any possible
attempts by the enemy of socialism to riaicUle End offend the fun-
damental religious feelings of the people aiMing to incite re-
ligious intolerance and national hatred among the people, our party
organizations and other educational social factors must simultaneously
organiie and develop a permarwit, tactical and convincing ideological
struggle for the adoption of scientific conceptions about nature and
social development and removal of all that which irteuocably belongs
to tho.pa8t.
Teose who "interpret " our socialist democracy intending to
claim that the struggle of the Party in the field of education re-a
presents " a Violation of the rights" pertaining to the church, or
ta restriction" of democracy, etc, find themselves in a peculiar
situation. Being very naive they believe to find so uninformed people
in our country and the world who might be willing to adopt their stand
that socialist democracy ls such a type of democracy which allows a
free propagating of prejudices and superstition (which is being free-
ly carried out at the church on the basis of granted legal rights)
at the same time depriving other citizens who de not believe to pro-
pagate and spread their own non-religious conceptions because this
could mean to put an end to the rights" of religion. On the basis
of the Constitution which guarantees the freedom of religion there
are no restrictions put on anti-religious propaganda. On the basis
of what kind of laws or moral and other principles, non-believers
are supposed not to propagate their own ideas and feelings. Can such
a nonsence be realized at all that a Party led by the idea of putting
into effect a thorough change in the social order and which being in
office displayed such an enormous amount of broadmindedness in the
struggle for the freedom of religion and against religious intole-
rance and hatred among peoples, which has applied such principles
in practice granting equal rights to all religions - would be.
deprivaf,of its right to propagate its revolutionary ideology and
strive for the establishment of socialistically minded masses.
Such an absurd cannot be demanded by anybodyJ The enemies of our
working people and socialism can be found dissembled behind all
similar slogans and "interpretations" of democracy and the ideological
struggle of the people.
(SIGNED: "M.B#11)
(NOVA MAKEDOI\IJA, March el, 1952)
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DO NOT DETACH
SUMMARY OF THE YUGOSLAV PRESS
No.752 INDEX
P.1. Headlines of Borba of the 27th March
1)2. Headlines of Borba continued
Headlines of Politika of the 27th March
27th Lerch, 1952.
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 23RD MARC3
* -
P.3. Kennan's thesis
FROM BORBA OF THE 25TH MARCH
1)5. Volosinova will be called Novi Becej in future
P10; Strengthening the defence of our country: in an aeroplane
factory
FROM BORBA OF THE 26TH MARCH
P.8. A policy of national equality
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 26TH MIRCH
P.6, Answer to Moscow (Editorial)
P.7. Mistaken tactics (Editorial)
FROM BORBA OF THE 27TH MARCH
P.12. Rome,s anti-Yugoslav cam_Jaign: neo-Fascists cnd Cominformists
co-o,Jerate in demonstration
Trial of a Lroup of siies in Ca)odistria
P.13. Irredentists attack Military Administration in Trieste
Statement by Anglo-American Military Administration of the
FTT on elections in Zone A
Co-operation between the CP Italy, and Monarchists and
neo-Fascists
P.14. Letter to the editor: How they feel about us and we about
ithem
P.15. Work of Committees of the PA FPRY: a lively discussion on
the rights and duties of Ville4e Committees
P.17. Jurisdiction of Syndicate Agencies with regard to the issuing
of tariff regulations
P.19. Delegation of French Socialist Party arrives in Belgrade
Tito receives new Yugoslav Ambassador to Brazil
** A
*
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BORBA 27th March, 1952.
HEADLINES
P.1.
METING OF THE LEGISUAIVE COMMITTEE OF rihE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY
OF .SERBIA: DRAFT LAW ENVISAGES ABOLITION OF 8
6 LARGE TONS IAILL BE OUTSIDE DISTRICTS
WORK OF COMMITTEES OF THE PA OF THE FPRY: LIVELY DISCUSSION'
ON RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF VILLAGE COMMITTEES: LEGISLATIVE
COMMITTEE ADOPTS IN DETAIL PROPOSED GENERAL LAW ON PEOPLE'S
COMMITTEES
MARSMLL TITO. -ECEIVES NEL LMEASSADOR OF THE FPRY IN BRAZIL
ROME'S ANTI-YUGOSLAV NEO-FASCISTS AND CO11NFORMISTS
CO-02E1Wi.TE IN DEMO,STRATIONS
*
Delegation from Trieste will give help to the people of the
Tolmin District
Statement by Acheson on Trieste
AN ILPOiLTANT SESSION (Editorial on tomorrow's meeting of the PA)
UNO mediator in Kashmir dispute leaves Pakistan,
Linking-up the electrical systems throughout the country: 500
kilometres of new high tension. linO: , the building of a
great transmission station in Liubljena begins soon
P.2. DELEGATION OF FRENCH SOCIALIST ?1,RAY ;ARIIIES IN BELGRADE
Ljubljana professor ?ives lecture on Yugoslav music in Vienna
Tenth anniversary of the death of Vlada Aksentijevic, a true
son of our Party
NEW GENERAL YUGOSLAV CULTURAL REVIEVI, TO BE STARTED
PARTY ORGLNISLTIONS AND WORKER Ai.)1NISTRATION
HOW TO PREVENT THE ANARCHIST DEVELOPMENT OF JAZZ
Letters to the Editor:
HOW THEY FEEL ABOUT US AND WE ABOUT THEM
Reading rooms and libraries - centres of cultural and
educe-Li-nal life
Publishin., agendas beforehand is not a formality
A TOTE ON A RAC3CORS.2; IS USEFUL TO OUR ECONOMY .
Mestrovic donates his )r-? rty to the state
P.3. Public reaction in the Lest to the reply of 4=1:e Westrn Powers
to the USSR: the Government of Western Germany fully approves
reply of ':estern Powers:
Paris commentaries
Comidentary of London newsk)a)ers
4 DIFFICULT YE RS FOR aliE KREMLIN (Article by Jasa Levi)
Aproach of crisis in French-Tunisian relations: arrest of
President of Government and 3 more Ministers
Negotiations in Korea: no progress at meeting in Pan Mun Jom
Kashmiri Premier supports union of his country with India
US pays compensation for release of its citizens from Chinese
prisons
not
Hilali Pasha will/be a candidate in the May elections
Lowering of prices of certain articles in France
IRREDENTISTS ATTACK MILITARY ADMINISTRATION IN TRIESTE:
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P.3. CuiUNIQUE OF ANuLO-ApiERiCAN iilL Itrt k1UiVL?NibiI1UN OF THE
FTT ON ELECTIONS IN ZONE A
CO-O?EALTION BETL,EEN C2 ITAILY ANL/ ROhISTS AND NEO-FASCISTS
TRIAL 0i, 6PiES IN OAAJjISTRIA
Question of textile industries before British house of
C(-mmons
Protest meeting in Tel Aviv on account cf Israeli ne,&otiations
with T-est German Government
P.4, JURISDICTION OF SYNDICI.TE AGE,CIES ITH REGRD TO AtAdhIS-
TRATIuN UF TARIFF REGULATIONS (Text)
Pro-,-,)osed chane in law concerning war disabled and other
invalids to be cmsidered at today's meeting of the Council
for People's Health and Social Policy
Mechanisation of Slovene mines
Workers who are travelling to new jobs will get reduced,
tickets
so..
.1`
PUTTING INTO 2FrECT 1.1,,GULATION Jit Cu S101,1.5 TARIFF
A campAign against the'6ress'in Zagreb coerning an irregular
decisiofl
Statememt bytAcheson on Western Powers' reply to Soviet Note
Soviet Union refuses Internati nal Red Cross enquiry in Korea
201,1TIKI,
P.1. IN THE ELEVENTH YEAR (Editorial)
P.2. TUE BLESSING OF A FATHER OF ijEkOCRACY (Item on Trieste)
HELP FOR UNDEVELOPED AREAS iND RtAIMAI4ENT (Article by
Jurij Gustincid).
P.3. The education and entertainment of our y-)ung people: the
value of education for waifs and strays (Article by L,ecimir
Ristovic)
P.4. How the new wages and emi,loyment system is interpreted
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KEUNANT'S THESIS
Is An Agreement Between The Western Powers and Soviet Russia Possible
George Kerman has been appointed new American Ambassador to
the USSR. The Soviet government agreed, and Kerman goes next month
to replace Admiral .Kirk the former. Ambassador in Moscow,
George Kerman is an unusual diplomat. He has an exceptional
position in the American .Department of State. He is not only a
career diplomat, but also an historian and theorist of American dip-
lomacy. He has spent most of his-time in Moscow as an American- diplo-
mat. In his country he is regarded as an expert,on Soviet Russia.
During the last few years he was..chief of the department-for plan-
ning foreign policy in the State. Department. In those yearsthe new
American foreign policy was formed, particularly with respect to
Soviet 'Russia. Many believe that the theoretical principles of that
policy, at. least as Soviet Russia is. concerned, have been worked
out by George Kerman.
The. new American attitude towards Soviet Russia was announced
for the first time:in-a sensational article published at the begin-
ning of 1947 in the American magazine "Foreign Affairs", signed by
"X". The principles laid down in that and in a later article of the
same magazine represent the, basis of the present official American
policy towards.Soviet Russia.
. The writer of these articles was George Kennan. The knowing ?
ones knew it at that time. While the uninitiated-have learned it now.
Lately,- in his book "American Diplomacy 1900-1950% Kerman published
his reflections on the American .foreign policy in the. past,..inclu-
.4ing.-those two articles signed by "X".
Discussing the AMerican policy towards Soviet Russia, Kennan
started from two basic principles: one is that America- must active-
ly combat ? the Soviet danger at any price, -including ?war, and second,
the problem presented by the Soviet danger cannot be solved by war,
even if successful.
It is no easy task to bring tnto accord these two apparently
.contradictory principles. It .was not easy for Kerman, as a diploma-
tic theorist, to reconcile them- in the above mentioned articles,. ?
How much harder will it be for him, as a practical diplomat, to har-
monizethem. For, as a matter of fact, the basic problem of our time
is: can the two social systems, contradicting each other, live side
by side without resorting to force
Kennan, apparently, thinks they can. Otherwise, he would not
have agreed to go to Moscow if he did not believe that American dip-
lomacy could attain in prattiCe what he had laid down in theory as
a guide to success.
In short, Keanants thesis is this:'
Something must be done in order tO make the "gentleman in the
Kremlin" recognize the fact that their expansion plans are not rea-
lizable and their political methods not successful, that in the and
they are harmful to themselves, and that the best thing would be to
abandon them. For this, force is needed, above all force in arms.
.When the present rulers in Russia understand that the answer to their
violent ventures will be an even greater force, they will stop using
violence. Therefore, America joining forces with the forces -of the
Western world must rearm in such a tempo and on akpaai.a scale that Tw
doubt should be la* as to their reffoluteness.
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To convince the Soviet rulers of the Western force, however,
is only one perhaps indispensable but not sufficient condition to
attain success. The second is to assure them that the UeStern world
is not preparing a war of conquest against the Soviet Union. If the
representatives of the Soviet regime are not assured of this, being
already suspicious of the rapid rearmament of the Western countries,
then out of fear they may provoke a war which they think the other
side is preparing. Therefore, Kerman is decidedly against those
who preach a "crusade" against the Soviet Union. He does not state
whether a war against the USSR would be a military success, but he
believes that even the moat successful war would not solve the prob-
lem presented by Soviet Russia with respect to America and the Wes-
tern world. Any war today threatens to become a total war, but none
promises a total victory of either side. Soviet Russia is a reality
which no military force can change. America must count with this
reality and act accordingly. Things are measured in Russia by diffe-
rent standards, and it would be naive to expect or request the Ame-
rican criterion to be applied in Soviet Russia.
A change in the attitude of Soviet Russia towards the rest of
the world must be brought about in order to have thee two different
worlds live in peace. Kennan believes that this change is possible,
and even probable. It may be influenced from outside, but it must
come from within. He concludes that Russia can only be changed by
Russians.. ,He leaves the question open as to what this change should
consist in: changing the ? present regime or changing the present
' policy of that regime. This, however, is of no basic importance to
Kerman. The important thing is that Soviet Russia cease to be a
hindrance and danger to world ,peace. This change will be brought
about first, if the Soviet rulers recognize that aggression does
not pay, and second, if the Western world succeeds to remove their
_suspicion of preparing war against Soviet Russia.
Kerman goes to Moscow in order to verify his theses in prac-
tise. There are people who believe that the decisive moment in the
relations between the Western powers and Soviet Russia has arrived.
It appears that conditions for change in relations laid down by
Kennan do exist already. On the one hand, rearmament of the West en
world in spite of all difficulties is progressing rapidly. On the
othei hand, however, events like Pevan's rebellion in Great Britain,
the commotion in Germany and government crises in France apparently
prove that war Is not popular at all in the Vest and that a crusade
against the Soviet Union is out of question. Is then, anything
changing in Soviet Russia?
It is interesting to note that in the full swing of these con-
derations, the Soviet note on Germany came as a bombshell. Judging
from this note, something is not only changing in Soviet Russia,
but is being turned upside down. In its note, for instance, the
Soviet government is now requesting everything it had most decisive-
ly rejected heretofore: rearmament of Germany, reconstruction of the
German war industry, all the rights for Nazis and militarists in
Germany. In November 1950, the Soviet govrnment had sent a note to
the Western powers stating clearly that German rearmament meant a
casus belli. In the present note, however, the Soviet government
notified the Western powers that German rearmament now proposed by
it meant a condition for peace.
It is quite obvious that this note intends to create confusion.
The point is who is more confused: the opponents or the propagators
of Kremlin policy?
The main, as a matter of fact, the most efficient argument in
the propaganda of the Weatcru Cominform pwctien heretofore was:
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German .rearmament represented a danger to peace. Soviet Russia alone
was against German rearmament. Therefore And now? From now on,
most probably it will be: Therefore, contrary to this.
No dbubt, the note on Germany is a new maneuver of the Soviet
policy. .But even as a maneuver it is typical. Perhaps in diplomacy
everything is a maneuver. From maneuvring, however, the strength or
the weakness of a policy may be judged. Renouncing what had been
defended as the only correct thing and accepting What had been
stubbornly attacked as incorrect--is not a sign of strength and self-
confidence, not even in diplomacy%
It is characteristic that the Western powers, in spite of bad
experiences thus far, did not abruptly reject the Soviet proposals.
The official reply of the Western powers is not yet known, but most
probably it will be a conditional consent to start new negotiations
about Germanyi
These negotiations may lead to nothing, as heretofore, and this
Soviet. ubotb" may again prove to be only a bubble. Several such
bubbles had already vanished into thin air. But after each one the
armed forces of the Soviets' opponents have grown and their unity
strengthened. The bluffs of Soviet policy cannot shatter this unity.
On the contrary, they are strengthening it. All agree in the West
that the Western powers never could have reached an: agreement and
attained such a unity had the Soviet policy after the war been dif-
ferent, less arrogant and provoking. This policy, as a matter of
fact, has attained exactly the opposite than what was logically ex-
pected from it. It appears that in order to correct things changes
must occur, This is a fact which tells in favor of Kennan's thesis
that the Soviet policy must change in the interest of the Soviets
themselves.
'(POLITIKA, March 23 1952)
liOLOSINOVA v.IL B6 CLUSD NOIJI BECEJ IN FUTURE
By e. decree of the Prsesidium of the People's Assembly of the
Peo?le's Rep.tl-lic of Serbs, the name of the town end Town People's
Committee of Volosinovo in the totis- APV district hes been chsnged
to Novi Becej,.end the neme of Vie town of becej in the 'ecei district
to Steri becej, in the bteri Becei dlst.rict.
The local peoole's committee of Toibuhinov in the Negotin -Lct
district has been stolished end tow seIprate lncal committees belt)
been esteblished for i'olisnik end Bukovik.
11?
(BBA - 25th i'4srch 1952)
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itNSII-ER TO koSCOW
The reply of the Yestern Powers to the Soviet Note concerning
Germany does not mein a refusal in advance of Soviet proposals,
but means the putting on 't/4ial Soviet sincerity. The Soviet
proposals are formulated in such a way that in practice they can
get different interpretations. The Western reply demands that
the proposal should be made clear of what they really mean before
starting negotiations at all
For example, the Soviet Note propnses the creation of a united
Germany and the conclusion of a' Peace Treaty with a single German
Government, But Germany has not a single Government. On the con-
trary, Germany has two governments which are in opposition to each
other. How does the Soviet Government conceive the creation of a
"single GermaY, Government"? Judging from the Note the Soviets are
for _fusing both the existing ovcrnments into one. However,
the Western Cierman Government in Bonn is most 'Incisively aF'ainst
this. Against it also are the Western Powers. In practice this
is impossible to carry out. The real road to create a single
German Government is single German elections. Namely, elections
should take place undereequaa conditions both in Eastern and Western
Germany.
The main condition is that elections should be free. But who
will guarantee this freedom? The UN have ei)ointed a commission
for examining conditions for free elections in the whole of
Germany. This commission made en enquiry in 1-estern Germany but
was not permitted by the Soviet auq,orities to enter Eastern
Germany, The Soviet Note provides72gneral elections but does not
provide guarantees that they will be free. For the western
Powers and for the Western German Government elections can only
be acceptable under this condition, however. However, for the
Eastern German Government, judging-by the latest statements by
President Grotewohl, one could say that they are acceptable only
without this condition. Grotewohl's government, believes, so it
seems at least, that they would fare badly -t such elections for
the very reason because it is of Soviet creation. Is the Soviet
Government ready to sacrifice those who have been pulling its
cart hitherto?
This would not be the first time that the Soviets have acted
thus, butthis time it will dependngreatly on howlthey
will deal with this problem. Because on this question, on the
problem of free elections, the reply of the Western Powers Juts
to the greatest trial the sincerity of Soviet proposals for the
solution of the German droblem.
There exist also other problems which are s:oken of in the
Soviet Note for which the Western redly demands c:ncrete explana-
tions, such as, for example, , the )roblem of German frontiers,
German armament, German neutrality and others. The question of
whether the negotiations will take place will depend mostly on
what the Soviet reply will be in connection with the ,,roblem of
the guarantee of free elections in Germany. Because, it is
believed, that only in the case that this condition is fulfilled
could nototiations begin with prospects that they will lead up to
something positive.
(Sd.) M.
(POLITIKA - 26th Iviarch, 1952).
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WRONG TACTICS
According to reports from Trieste life is again developing
normally after the demonstrations. But,as expected, the demon-
strations have now spread to Italy according to plan. In Rome
severalthousand ragts cheered Mussolini and demanded the inclusion
of Trieste to Italy. When we are affirming that they are Fascists
we are not doing this arbitrarily. And not only we. Also other
careful'observers abroad heverecognised in the general plan old
tactics. The British Foreign Secretary, Anthony Eden, openly
condemned the Fascists for the disorders in Trieste, while the
British press and the news agency, United Press, in a definite
manner ,:hold the Fesicsts responsible for disorders in Italy.
The intention of the organisers of Trieste and Italian.
demonstratinnSAlas been expcsed;, : as they had no other possio-Ili
biiities tney intended to inform the world, and particularly the
Western Powers, . ofo the attitude of the "Italian public opinion"
and that on the basis of this in advance prepared atmFosphere go a
step further and demand pathetically the solution of the Trieste
problem in favour of only one party. In the framework of this plan
the main role Should.haVe..been played by the tear f the President
of the Trieste Municipal Council and the tremblint voice of the
President of the Italian Senate.
The organisers of this pro-FasciSt and anti-Yugoslev action
in Italy forget only one thing: if the wellrAried means of
Italien foreign policy - staged demonstrations, parades with black
flags and cries in the streets - could make an iTpressiorl once
upon a time on Alexander's (the late King Alexander of Yugoslavia.
Translator's Note) foreign ministry, it makes today no impresion
whatsoever on the Yugoslav Government and on public opinion, One
day when those in Rome comprehend that they have to deal with a
powerful and independent state, then they will 1)erceiVe in that
their tactics hitherto are of no use.
The Italian policy towards Yugoslavia seems, as if it is
based on an intended avoidance of recognising the reality of the
situation. Official circles over there attempt to present our
country as some vex'y suspicious character or as the correspondent
of Moment() from Belgrade says as a "questionnaire who continues
to hang over Europe". We have already written about the under-
estime.tion of the strength of our army by them. And in fact
these Fascist demonstrators who have taken off their.uniforms only
just lately, have the least right to speak about our. army. Has
not our army during the last war inspired them witn sufficient
respect, a war which theT lost?
It is easy to shout in the streets end sing battle songs
and jazz songs with the motives of Itelianism of Trieste. It is
not difficult also to raise one's right hand as the demonstrators
in Rome did, celebrating, day before yesterda7=, the 33rd anni-
versary of the foundation of Mussolini's Fascist ?arty. But at
the same time all this is more than irresponsible. The behaviour
of the Irredata and of those who support and feed it - the present
Italian Government - leads to the direct worsening of the situation
not only between our two countries but also in Europe. While Yugo-
slavia is striving to find new forms for a real solution of the
Trieste problem, the Italian Government, egged on by ambitions
which can be easily characterised, acts against peace and undertaktc
the whole responsibility upon itself for the consequences of its
activities.
(Sd.) L.D.
(POLITIKA - 26th March, 1952),
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POLICY OF WATIONALLITY
Our Party continued to carry out a policy of national
equality systematically in all spheres of ectivity in the post
war period, and even in the struggle for economic reconstruction
of Yugoslavia. It distributes just to economically backward
republics the capital investment proportionally in the greatest
extent, being guided, of course, also by the fact that the
distribution of new economic projects should be conformable
to the raw materiel base and by other economic conditions
necessary for P rational economic operation.
The real democratic practice of our Party is also reflected
in the efforts which our peorle exerted in the economic raising
of Montenegro up to the present time, being a typical example
of an economically underdeveloped republic.
The total of 26 billion 106 million dinars has been and will
be invested in Montenegro in the period 1947-1952. Out of that:
for capital investment 21 billion 803 million diners, and for
other social needs 4 billion 303 million diners. These sums are
reckoned according to the new economic prices.
The greatest portion of resources invested in capital
investment is intended for the development of industry and
mining. The amount of over 9 billion 46 million dinars was
spent on research works, reconstruction and expanding the existing
and the construction of new capacities.
Inspite of such large investments in the fields of industry,
its production does not play the decisive part in increasing the
accumulation because large enterprises are under construction -
iron works at Yiksic, mineat Suplje Stijena, lumber industry
combine at Yojkovec etc. When these enterprises start with the
production, the economic position of Montenegro will be completely
changed. They will be able to satisfy all their needs from their
own accumulations. And this is on enormous success, accomplished
thanks to the policy of notion-1 equality of our country.
Many smoller projects were built -nd thL. old ones enlarged
since 1947. Therm-cloctric power st-tions at Plevlja, Kotor,
Titograd and hydro-electric power stations Pusovica Rijeka,
waterfall of Zete and Rijeka Crnojevica., whose total cep-city
amounts to a 40 times bigger production than the production of all
electric power stations in Montenegro of 1946, have been constructed
and rut into operation in the field of electroeconemy.
Research works hove discovered rich layers of ore: bauxite,
coal,, cement, lead-zink ore, and there is also manganese ore,
iron ore and boritc.
The following is being constructed after the war: the foundry
at Titograd, 170 tons of annual ceracity, a smaller factory for
manufacturing articles for wide consumption, and repair workshops
at Titograd, Ivangrad and Podgora.
This year the lumber industry will complete and put into
operation the lumber combine at Mojkovcc. Its production will
mount to 45,000 cubic metros of ready cut lumber, 15,000 cubic
metres of lumber for French flooring etc. Two large enterprises
for manufacturing furniture, besides smell local workshops have
been set Up.
Some smaller enterprises of foodstuff industry have been
established. There are 150 kilometres of new roads for public
traffic and 408 larpor bridpos in Montensro now.
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Another 280 metres of bridges made of concrete and stone will be
completed this year.
The newly laid railway line Ylksic-Titograd has for the economic
life of Montenegro a great significance. About 5 billion dinars
were spent for its construction - calculated under new economic
prices.
Under the Five Year Plan it is proviaed to reconstruct end
build 440,000 square metres of dwelling houses in Montenegro.
Even more has been built. About 570,000 square metres of new
dwelling arace will be built at the end of this year.
This short summarized review illustrates clearly the Policy of
our Party towards economically underdeveloped republics.
If we turn to the social plan of the FPRY and the plan of
investment funds for this year, we shall see that Montenegro
participates in achieving the accumulation less than other republics
- per head - and that her investments are greater than those of
other republics. These investments are drawn from the national
revenue of all our republics.
In our Party there never
deeds nor is there any today.
revolutionary practice of our
all material requisite's to be
backwardness.
wts a difference between words and
Thanks to such a consequent
Party, Montenegro will soon have
freed from secular economic
The Montenegrins will know bow to appreciate both the role of
our Party and the brotherly aid given to them by .the people of
Yugoslavia in this great work.
(Signed)Filip Bajkovic
(BQRBA -; 26 March, 1952)
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STRENGTHENING THE DEii.ENSE OF OUR COUNTRY: IN THE AEROPLANE FACTORY
The old town lies literally in the"tongs" of socialism. On the
one side are the wide halls of the aeroplane factory and on the
other a new town of modern and nice dwelling houses. Here our army
gets its wings.
The factory hall has many "streets" of turning lathes, built on
three hectares of former swamp and mud. For a moment, one might have
thought that this was not an aeroplane factory but,say, a clock fac-
tory, because there are thousands of small parts of nut size here,
some are even smaller. These are the molecules of a flying fortress.
They say that one hundred and twenty thousand such molecules are
needed to make a steel bird fly. At every lathe there is special
small and precise instrument measuring all dimensions. "Cnly preci-
sion and exactness prolong life in aviation."
From all sides come the parts to the warehouse. The big
shelves are full of small parts. The men employed here have a tough
Job in asborting and classifying all this, And yet, their hall is
in perfect order.
From here, screws, pipes and all the other parts go to the
assembling plant. There, brigades of skilled fitters are mounting
planes.
We have found the best brigade of fitters in the republic and
Jovanovic, its brigadier, fixing the "legs" of a fighter plane. On
a special structure, like in an aeroplane, are the "legs" of a
fighter plane "S-49."Jovanovic presses a'button,and they show signs
of life. They are in the same position as when in the air.
Here they all live for aviation only. Everything is subordi-
nated to it. Yet, they complied with friendly request of the infant-
ry of the Aeronautic Association of Yugoslavia. The infantry had
ordered flame-throwers. Today hundreds of these unusual weapons
are ready for transportation. The flame-throwers burn and turn
everything into carbon.
The first series of two-seat gliders produced by this factory
are ready and will be shipped to various aero-clubs to gladden
hundreds of young boys and girls.
Not only the army pilots but also the other workers will bene-
fit by this factory. After supplying our airforce with sufficient
numbers of aeroplanes, the factory will be able, more or less, to
produce anythingneeded.
"We can manufacture bycicles quickly and easily. We can pro-
duce tractors, automobiles, and kitchen utensils, too" said captain
Crnkovic.
Leaving the hall, we met lieutenant-colonel Oljaca, director
of the factory. He changed a sweat deal since summer 1944 when
during a dark night he jumped from the skies carrying a message of
the Supreme Command to the partizans of Toplice. At that time he
did not have the mustache which makes him look older than he actu-
ally is.
When he came here the ground on which we stood was a swamp.
"We started with nothing," he said, "I had to ask the commit-
tee for a chair to sit on. One year after our arrival we started to
produce. We had a hard time. The buildings were not yet under roof,
but the machines were in operation. The factory workers and the
masons were helping each. other."
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The factory will use two more hectares of land for expansion.
Another big hall will be built. The earthworks have already begun.
A road will lead from the factory to the airport. From these grey
halls will go the steel birds to the airport and than up in the air.
Now let us cast a glance at the "European quarter" of the town
as they call it. It is not a standard workers' colony. The houses
are nice and high with wide windows, parquetry in rooms, water-closets
and bathrooms. There is no disharmony here as in the old town, every-
thing is according to plan. Broad streets like broad boulevards in
big cities. Many inhabitants of the old town have left the dilapida-
ted small houses and moved into the new lodgings. This meant a new
chapter in the life of these people.
But that's not all. The charm of this settlement is that it is
situated in a big park where 31 kinds of trees will be planted. A
unique urban solution. Foreign urban experts had a chance to see it
at an exhibition in Algiers and expressed their approbation of it.
It got the first prize.
Among the new houses, there are two hotels for the unmarried
workers and a cultural home. Not even the bigger cities of our coun-
try have such a home. Its big, luxurious hall for concerts and movies
has about one thousand seats. Twice a week, the former inhabitants
of the old town may attend theatrical or operatic performances, folk-
lore, radio singing, literary, various cultural, political and scien-
tific lectures. Artists from all parts of the country respond to
workers' invitations. There are also several other rooms: a reading
room, a library, a chess room, a luxurious restaurant, steam heating
system etc.
The cultural home is a harbinger of new life here. People are
visiting it all the time. The old town, compared with it and with
the new settlement, resembles the past which is dying out slowly
but surely.
(BORBA, March 25, 1952)
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ArTI YUGOSLAV Ci,MPAIGF OF ROME: NEO-F,SCISTS AND COMINFUMISTS
COOPER TE IN DEMONSTRATIS
(Rome, 26 March)
Demonstrations bearinp chauvinistic and anti-Yugoslav
character are being held in the centre of Aome for the third
day in succession today. Groups of students and pupils of
secondary schools went throurh the main streets of the city
throwim- leaflets in which the return of the whole territory
of FTT, Istria, Rijeka and 'Italian LittorP17. is claimed.
Thourh it is well known that these demonstratio-,s are
orranized and managed by CP Italy and the neo-fascist movement,
and by this fact itself,they do not express the feelings of
the entire Italian people, the Italian government endeavours
to magnify the importance of these demonstrations through the
press and by puttinf, stronr police units around the American
and British"Embassios.
In this way the Italian rrov(rnment endeavours to attach
to the demonatrations the significance of the ,7unera1 national
dissatisfaction, in order to present to th, American and British
governments that the "ouestion of Trieste is the question of
all the Italians' which can be seen from the last ni-ht's
statement by the Under Secr_tary of the Ministry of Foreim
Affairs Domincdo who amonr other thinrs said, that "the
stur'ents' manifestations in Rome and in (Alter towns in Italy
are spontaneous manifestatiox.,s of the Italian pco-le for
italianisinr Trieste".
(BORIJ 7 27 March, 1952)
TRIAL OF A GROUP CF SPIES AT C-PCDISTAI,,
(Capodistria, 26 March)
J, trial cf a p-roup of six sries who in the Yur-oslav Zone
of FTT collected military, economic and other secret data on
behalf of a foreign power will be openod tomorrow before the
Military Court of the Yuroslav Army at Capodistria. This group
acted under the directives of the Trieste "Committee of National
Liberation" - anti-Yugoslav and irredentist organization whose
agents are now tried by the Military Court at Capodistria for the
second time. Four years ao this rrcur of terrorists and assassins
with Drioli at its head, rent of the above mentioned committee
were sentenced. Already then this cr-anization has been unmasked
as a spy a-ency of a fcrei-n pl.er, which was assic-ned with the
t-o: to obstruct a closer cnopration of the Slovene and Italian
perulatin and to paralyse the activity of authority in the
Yuroslav Zone of FTT, by means of terror, spy activity and
propaganda.
It is characteristic that for the last month, when the
PeL,,le's authority discovered the hostile pctivity of this gr up
and arrested some a-ents of CNL in the istrian County, the
Trieste and Italian press used this as a cause for a new campaign
about allea.ed persecutions of Italians in the Yur.cslav Zone of
the FTT.
(BORBA - 27 March, 1952)
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IRREDENTISTS ATTACK MILITLRY ADMINISTRATION IN TRIESTE;
=MON ACTION BY CUmINFWEISTS,-no-FASCIST MOliENENT AND OTHER
IRREDENTIST PiRTIES
( Trieste, 26th March)
At lest night's session of the Trieste Municipal Council, rep-
resentatives of Vidali/s Cominformists, the Neo-Fascist movement
and other Irredentist Parties passed unanimously a resolution by
which they hold responsible for disorders in Trieste the .Anglo-
American Military Administration in the FTT. The resolution
,emphasises, that the Municipal Council will continue its action
to isolate the Anglo-American Military Administration until satis-
faction is given to the Mrredentists. Besides this, they demand
that people arrested during the disorders should be set free. In the
resolution, the formulatibn of Vidali's representatives was
accepted in that part where the administration in the Yugoslav
Zone of the FTT is attacked and slandered.
At the session of the Municipal Council representatives of the
Opposition were not )resent. They refused to participate as a
sign. of protest because fromthe building the Trieste flag has
already been taken down by orders of the Christian-Democrat
President and Municipal Council. "(Tanjug)
*********
STATEMENT BY THE ANGLO-AMERICAN MILITARY ADMINISTRATION OF THE FTT
CONCERNING. ELECTIONS IN ZONE A-
(Triestei '26th March)",
. The Anglo-American Military Administration of the FTT made it
known today that the Municipal Elections in the L.lo-American
Zone will be held simultaneously with the Municipal Elections in
Southern- and Central Italy at .the end of May of this year. The
statement say 6 also that the elections in the Anglo-American Zone
will be carried out on the.prineiple of linking-up candidates'
listsl'which will be applied at the Municipal ElectiOns in Italy.
.Howeverl at the last elections in the Anglo-American Zone the
proportion system-was applied which suits conditions on the
Trieste territory, whose population consists, of several 1
nationalities, and which was for this very reason provided for by
the Peace. Treaty with Italy.
The elections in Zone A should have been held as far back as
last year, because the Mandates of Munieipel Councillors had run
out in June 19514 However, by intervention of Italian political
parties. in Trieste and that of the Italian Government the
elections have twice been postponed. (Tanjug)
*********
CO-OPERATIONTBETWEEN THE COMMUNIST PARTY IN ITALY AND MONARCHISTS
10 $
(Rome, 26th March)
The CP Italy together with the Monarchists end Neo-Fascists,
today organised in Naples a conference against the British and
Americans. This conference, at which the Italian Cominformists
wished to present themselves as the sole defenders of the
"national honour of Italy" was attended also by Count Montelucce,
head of the recently formed action groups of Populare"
and del Amico, Editor of the.pro-Fascist review Pensiero Nazionale.
Today's conference is not the first sign that the Italian
Cominformists are linking-up more ooenly with Monarchist and neo-
Fascist elements. At the recent meeting held in Livorno, which had
a similar character, five pensioned Italian Generals, well-known
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Monarchist exponent and several former supporters of Mussolipits
nblackshifts".
As it is believed here, the CP Italy is striving to assemble in
this way for the Fourth Communal Elections as many votes as possible
of the Jetty bourgeoisie and pro-Fascist youth. However, such a
policy by the Directorate of the CP Italy has already caused con-
fusion amongst Nenni's Socialists end former ?artisans. (Tanjug)
(BORBA - 27th March, 1952).
1.10111aEFEELABOUTTHEMANDTHEYFEEL ABOUT US (Letter to he
Editor)
Comrade Editor,
In vain have the Italians in Yu oslavia 38 primary schools,
15 schools for general education, besides technical schools,
permanent theatrical, cultural and art schools, newspapers,
reviews and other publications of every kind, when the Slovene
erimary schools in Italy are. bearig1cli5sed:=I6Z-e1yi; in vain in
our country national minority brigades, sporting cultural
societies and groupe, singing their national songs, pass through
our main streets and arteries with raised heads, greeted by us,
when our children over there ere_efraid to demand in their mother
tongue 'n a subdued voice apples from their methers,and our y-ung
girls have to hide the frcnt)eges of the 51L/vtlic ad Croatian
books in order that they might not be seen by suspicious Italian
eyes and in order that Italian fingers might not tear them up.
In vain do we Yugoslays, mainly, to the detriment of our
publications su?ort, distribute textb oks, and books in all
national minority langueges, and all that for the sole purpose of
linking-up people of different tongues for eeaceful and fruitful
'co-oeeretion, when on our frontier, in Italy, everythine is done
to keep the demon of international rivalry, under-estimation and
annihilittion alive. And this " as every-ley erectice is contrary to
peaceloving hypeicri,sy, tales in tremolo concerning the durability of
peace and motorised collection of signatures on well-known,
recognised scraps of eeper.
Our veople have a very rare characteristic: they know how
to be grateful, because they do not forget eood deeds. (Our
1Jeople do not forget bad deeds, but have not remembered them!)
Our people would be very treteful to pedagogues, writers, men of
of art of cultured democracies, when they would : get better
acquainted with this ailinE problem of discrimination of the
language of our great-grandfathers end home culture. Because they
will know, feel more? ' than other crteeories .of men, how forced
assimiletion.when schools Fre used, misus?t., because ambh-gst
other things, kills in the children all criticism and paralyses
in them every spiritual flexibility,without,which therecis-no
creation and progress, nor peace-cf.eating co-operation amongst
men and the people.
(Sd.) VELJKO PETROVIC
(BORBA - 27th March, 1952).
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WORK OF THE COMNITTEES OF THE PEOPLE'S ASSEIABLY OF THE FFRY--A LIVELY
7177UMUN-77-TRE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF VILLAGE UONIMITTEES-
The Legislative Committee of the Council of Nationalities
yesterday adopted the proposal that the draft of the Law authorizing
the Government of the FPRY to found social funds be placed on the
agenda. After that, the debate on the draft of the General Law on
People's Committees was continued.
Election of the pLesident of a people's committee.
The discussion on the provisions of the Law pertaining to the
president of a people's committee was very lively. Since Article
of the draft Law provides that one and the same person may be elected
as president of a people's committee for not more than two running ?
terms,Sreten Vukosavljevic asked why a person who had carried out his
duties properly and won the confidence of the citizens cannot be
president for a longer period. Government's delegate Dr.Jovan
Djordjevic replied that a period of six years is fairly long and that
a longer period would "create professionals."
Jozo Milivojevic,who is a member of the Committee,then declared
that it is a discretional right of the councilmen to elect one and
the same person as president for a third term. He considered that this
right cannot be restricted in this way. Dr,Jovan Dhorcijevic spoke
again and said that it was necessary for a larger number of citizens
to perform special duties in the agencies of authority,and that thereby
bureacracylprofessionalism etc are prevented.He admitted that one persora
may be ?a good president,but that,however,he cannot remain on that duty
for a long'.ime,that this would be improper and bureacratic. Jozo
Milivojevic was not satisfied with the arguments of the Government's
delegate. People's Deputy Laslo Rehak then criticized the opinion of
Jozo Milivojevic and agreed that the proposed restriction is a means
against bureaucratism.
Chairman Yosa Pijade then said that the matter had not been well
styled and explained. His opinion WRS that if a councilman was
already elected by the people, it was then the matter of the committee
to decide whether to elect him as president for another term.
Velga Stojnic then asked to speak. He gave a detailed explana-
tion of this restriction pertaining to election of the president.
He said that the idea of the restriction was precisely because the
president is not elected by the people but rather by the councilmen.
Besides he said that the restriction does not represent a violation
of democracy or of the rights of the councilmen. After a lively.
discussion, the article as criginally drafted was adopted.
Duties and rights of village committees
The debate was very lively also on the section of the draft which
deals with village committees. Sreten Vukosavljevic immediately
objected to the formulation that the village committees are formed
for the sake of helping in the carrying out of the work which falls
within the jurisdiction of the people's committees", that these
village committees "cannot make any decisions in administrative
proceedings." He then asked what right then has been given to the
village committees and what is their jurisdiction.
People's Deputy General Radivoje Jovanovic then asked to speak.
He expressed the opinion which occurred in the Committee for People's
Authority. He did not agree with the formulation of the articles in
the draft law pertaining to village committees, nnl considered that
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such a formulation would have fairly negative consequences for the
countryside. If more rights were given to the village committees,
then these committees would transform into an assembly of men which
would inevitably turn into an authority, which in effect it is not.
The villagers are accustomed very often to decide their local
affairs themselves and to decide them in the best way. However, the
village committees would deprive the villagers of this right which
in effect would be a cutting into the self-government of the people.
Pectle's Deputy Laslo Rehak agreed with the opinion of General
Radivoje Jovanovic. Grga Jankez then rroposed that the matter be
left to the laws of the republics to define more completely the
rights and duties of village committees. Sreten Vukosavljevic then
said that this question as a whole has not been well posed. Yosa
Pijade then asked Sreten Vuksavljevic to prepare, if he can, the
corresponding formulation. Pijade also agreed that the determining
of the rights and duties of village committees be left to the assemb-
lies of the republics.
After that Gojko Garcevic and Dr. Jovan Djordjevic asked to speak.
They expressed the opinion that the existence of village committees
is necessary. Dr. Djordjevic also explained the sphere of activity
of the village committees with respect to the people's committees of
the municipalities and emphasized that the village condttees cannot
usurp the rights ef the voters nor work without their decisions.
The debate on Article 67 of the draft law terminated by amending
paragraph one of that article which was proposed by Fosa Pijade and
which reads as follows:
"For the purpose of better functioning of the municipal
committees in individual villages, for the purpose of making
it easier for the citizens of the villages to realize their
rights and for the purpose of performing 'duties which are
of undeniable interest for the citizens of the villages,
village committees may be formed in villarr.es and hamlets.
"The formation of the villare committees is proposed by
the meeting of the voters of the village or hamlet and con-
firmed by the committee of the municipality."
The committee then discussed the rest of the articles on the draft
of the General Law on People's Committees and adopted the draft para-
graph by paragraph. People's Deputy Veba 3tojPic was then elected as
rarporteur on the draft.
The committee also adopted the draft of the Lew authorizing the
Government of the FPRY to issue regulations for the purpose of coordin-
ating the relations in economy with the new economic system.
Finally the committee elected People's Deputy Gojko Garcevic as
the new Secretary of the Legislative Committee of the Council of
Nationalities.
Meeting of the Legislative Committee of the Federal Council
The Legislative Committee of the Federal Council at its yesterday's
meeting continued the debate on the draft of the Law on People's
Committees. Drafts of reports of all the laws which the committee
durin[; this session had adopted were read and then the committee went
on to deal with the draft of the Law on People's Committees in detail,
starting with paragraph 29.
Members of the committee made several observatiens )n individual
paragraphs of the articles of the draft law, mostly pertaininr, to
formulation, but however in the case of many articles of the draft law
there was discussion concerning principle. Some of the articles and
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paragraphs were not adopted at the meeting and were left to be studied
in detail.
The Committees for TJ]conomic Plan and Finances of Both Councils Have
Completed Their Work
The Committees for Economic Flan and Finances of both Councils
of the People's Assembly ofthe FPRY at yesterday's meetinr!.s dealt
with the proposed balance sheet for 1950. After the explanations and
debate both in principle and in detail, the Committees for Economic
Plan and Finances of both Councils adopted this propcsal, which-was
the last item on the agenda during their present session. The work
of the committees was thereby concluded.
(BORBA - 27th Farch, 1952)
JURISDICTION OF SYNDICATE AGENCIES WITH REGARD TO THE ISSUING OF
TARIFF REGULATIONS
At its board meeting of Yarch 20, 1952 and in connection with
Article 2 of the iegulation on the Distribution of the 'Jae Fund and
the Earnings of the Workers and Officials in Economic Enterprises
(Official Gazette of the FPRY, No. 11/52), the Central Council of the
Federation of Syndicates of Yugoslavia issued the following
DECISION
UN DESIGNATING SYNDICATE AGENCIES COFFETENT FOR GIVING APPROVAL
ON TARIFF RULES FOR ECONO1qC ENTERPRISES
1) Approval of tariff rules for economic enterprises is given by the
higher syndicate agency of that syndicate in which the workers and
officials of the concerned enterprise are organized.
2) By rule, this approval is given by the sta.e committee of the
responsible syndicate.
3) In exceptiemalcases, this approval of tariff rules for economic
enterprises is also given by:
a) The Central Committee of the syndicate of workers and offici-
als of the maritime economy in Yugoslavia - for all enterprises
of the maritime economy in Yugoslavia.
b) The Central Committee of the syndicate of workers and
officials of the leather-processing industry of Yugoslavia -
for all enterprises of this industry on the territory of PR
Bosnia and Hercegovina and PR Yacedonia,
c) The Provincial Committee of syndicate workers and officials
of the textile-clothing industry in Novi Sad - for the economic
enterprises of this industry on the territory of the Autonomous
Province of Vojvodina.
d) The Provincial Committee of the syndicate of workers and
officials of .the food and tobacco industry in Novi Sad - for all
the economic enterprises of this industry on the territory of
the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina.
e) The Provincial Committee of the syndicate of agricultural
workers and officials in Novi Sad - for all the agricultural
estates on the territory of the Auton.mous Province of Vojvodina.
f) The Provincial Committoe of the syndicate of trFide workers -
for all trade enterprises and shops on the territory of the
Autonomous Province of Vojvodina.
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g) The Territorial Committee of the syndicate of railroad
workers and officials in Novi Sad - for the territory of the
Directorate of Railroads in Novi Sad.
h) The Local Committee of the syndicate of trade workers in
Belgrade, Novi Sad, Zagreb, Rijeka, Split, Ljubljana, Yaribor,
Kranj, Skorlje and Sarajevo - for all trade enterprises on their
territory.
4) Disputable Questions in respect of competence for giving approval
on tariff rules for eemomie enterprises and other explanations will
be handled by the Central Council of the Federation of Syndicates of
Yugoslavia.
Belgrade,
26th Yarch, 1952
President
Central Council of the Federation of
Syndicates of Yugoslavia
(sgd) Djuro Salaj
(BORBA - 27th March, 1952)
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DELEUTION OF FRENCH SOCIALIST PP?RTY RRIVES IN BELGR DE
Yesterday morning the official delegation of the French
Socialist Party arrived in Belgrade on a visit to the Commission
for International Questions of the CC of the CPY. Heading the
delegation is the general secretary of the French Socialist
Party Guy Molet, and it includes two members of the Politburo,
Albert Gazier and Francois Tangie-Prigan, and the secretary of
the delegation, Robert Pontion. kilovan Djilas and Vladimir
Dedijer met the delegation at the station.
M. Molet made a statement to a representative of Radio
Belgrade.
"I am in this wonderful republic of Yugoslavia not only
as a Frenchman but particularly as a representative of the
French Socialist Party, a party ahich is today so tlarr4?sect
byrehemies - now-bound to us . and concerning which ,
it is orten said that it has lost its republican character.
"My friends Tangie-Prigan, Gazier and I seek, and I hope
will find in our ten-day stay in Yugoslavia, proof of the
possibility of the development of socialism, not maintaining
a dictatorship as we see in the Soviet Union, and in countries
like it, and not creating a new bureaucrLtic class which becomes
a new privileged ruling clique. Briefly, there is a possibility
of developing a policy of democracy through economic and social
democracy.
This is a very valuable experience for us socialist countries
of Western Europe who must try to carry out the policy by means
of the parliamentary democracy which has already been created with
us, in economic and social democracy. I am sure that you and we
together can derive great benefit from this neighbourliness".
(BORBA - 27 March, 1952)
MARSHAL TITO RECEIVES NE'v, YUGO-LAV AMBASSADOR TO BRAZIL
The President of the Federal Government and Marshal of
Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito this morning received the newly-
appointed Yugoslav Ambassador to Brazil Ivan Vejvoda, before
his departure to take up his duties,
(BORBA - 27 March, 1952)
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THIS IS AN ENCLOSURE TO
Approv.
iC
S ?y PRESS 25X1A
mutr I 6 4
No.747
INDEX
P.1. Headlines of Politika of the 21st March
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 16TH MARCH
P*3?
21st March, 1952.
The role of the school in the education of our young people
FROM BORBA OF THE 17TH MARCH
P.5. Evidence of political maturity in the collectives
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 17TH MARCH
P.11. Moscow conceals facts... How a man lives in the Soviet Union
FROM BORBA OF THE 20TH MARCH
P.7. Irredentist celebration of Tri-Partite Declaration
P.8. Cominformists want Italian instruction in Slovene schools
Carabinieri forbids Slovene songs
Protest meeting in Capodistrian concerning Irredentist witch-hunt
P.9. Certain examples of an irregular understanding of Socialist democracy
P.14. Present-day Rumania: people who did not want to bear the disgrace
(Article)
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 21ST MARCH
P.2. Ambassador Ivekovic visits High Commissioners in Bonn
Escape of Albanian Frontier Guard to Yugoslavia
Lawyers from Eastern Districts of Capodistria protest against Irredentist
witch-hunt
P.13. Delegation of Slovene Cultural Associations in Trieste lays request before
representative of Anglo-American Military Administration
P.16. Instead of argument - inventions (Editorial)
P.17. Trial of a group of Cominformist spies and diversionists in Serbia
P.18. Meeting of Federal Government under the Chairmanship of Marshal Tito
P.19. Conference of representatives of Serbian syndicates
1. Working collectives of Serbian industrial enterprises properly
appraise proposed Social Plan
2. Workers of heavy machine tool factory in Zeleznik elect Workers'
Council
SUPPLEMENT OF TRANSLATIONS foROM THE PROVINCIAL MESS
FROM LA VOCE DEL POPOLO OF THE 14TH MARCH '
P.a. Epilogue to trial of priest Ivan Cerepic
FROM SIOVENSKI POROCEVALEC OF THE 19TH MARCH
P.a. Review of the situation in Slovene libraries in 1951
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flEADLINES POLITIKA 21stMatch;'1952.
P.1. MEETING OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT UNDER CHAIRMANSHIP OF MARSHAL TITO
LE? GISLATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY OF THE FPRY MEETS TODAY
NEW WAGES SYSTEM CODES INTO EFFECT ON THE 1ST APRIL
YugoslaV Aviation;Fderation will.11,arry baton. onlMarshal Titove:60th
-birthdaya
First Marathon of Dalmati :..?.4.ntaineers will set out from Makarska
Social Plan of Montenegro put for public discussion
* .
AMBASSADOR IVEKOVIC VISITS HIGH COMMISSIONER IN BONN
Yugoslav Ambassy in Paris contributes help for distressed persons in
Slovenia
INSTEAD OF ARGUMENTS - FABRICATION (Editorial)
P.2. We? stern Europe and Gerrianyg end Of meeting of European Council:.
Draft reply to Soviet Note considered at conference
Precise statement will be sought from Moscow
Eden has proposed that part of the political authority of .the
European Council should be transferred to the European Army
Will Eden's criticism of the role of the European Council influence
events in the West (Article by H.Draskavic)
Truman gives complete. freedom to E3Aenhower to engage in pre-election
campaign,
Korean problem: agreement reached on ports of entry
Admiral Libby opposes ultimatum to North Korean Command in order to
speed up negotiations
DELEGATION OF SLOVENE CULTURAL ASSOCIATIONS IN TRIESTE LAYS REQUEST
BEFORE REPRESENTATIVE OF ANGLO-AMERICAN MILITARY ADMINISTRATION
LA? WYERS FROM EASTERN DISTRICTS OF CAPODISTRIA PROTEST AGAINST IRREDENTIST
WITCH-HUNT
*
TITHE BEST HUNGARIAN PUPIL OF TIE GREAT STALINIT (Editorial)
ESCAPE OF ALBANIAN FRONTIER GUARD INTO YUGOSLAVIA
Br? itish troops leave Ismailia
P.3. A ? story like a fairytale: a wideawake countpaliMlokrnyll dams by
CONFERENCE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF SERBIAN SYNDICATES: WORKING COLLECTIVES
OF SERBIAN INDUSTRIAL UNDERTAKINGS CORRECTLY APPRAISE PROPOSED SOCIAL
PLAN:
WORKERS OP FINE TOOLING MACHINE FACTORIES IN ZELEZNIK ELECT WORKERS'
COUNCIL
NE? W BUS FARES
TRIAL 'OF 'A GROUP OF COMINFORMIST SPIES AND DIVERSIONISTS IN SERBIA
P.4. Il? l-treatment of trade apprentices: disrespect for the law
Ox? ford and its students (Illustrated article)
gkull and crossbones on the Houses of Parliament
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-2 -
AMBASSADOR IVEKOVIC VISITS HIGH COMMISSIONERS IN BONN
(Bonn, 20th March)
The Yugoslav Ambassador in Western Germany, Mladen Ivekavic? today paid a
visit to the French High Commissioner, M. Francois Ponset, and the British
High Commission, Eir Ivo Kirkpat,rick, The American High Commissioner,
Mr.MaCloy, away in Paris attending the meeting of the Committee of Ministers
of the Eurozean Council. (Tanj1g)
(POLITIKA - 21st March, 1952).
ESCAFS OF ALBANIAN FRONTIER GUARD INTO YUGOSLAVIA
The Albanian frontier guard Tolj Mitij Pecil-escaped into Yugoslav terri-
tory on the morning of the 18th March in the sector which lies 11 kilometres
to the South-;West of the village of Junik. Miti Pecil was born in 1928 in
Selnik neanNalona. He brought with him a Mouser rifle and 50 rounds of ammu-
mition. As he crossed the frontier he fired four rounds at an Albanian frontier
patrol,
Miti Pecel declared that he fled from Albania because the Albanian
authorities first interned and then shot his father. (Tanjug)
(POLITIKA - 21st March, 1952).
LAWYERS OF THE EASTERN DISTRICTS OF CAPODISTRIA PROTEST AGAINSTIRREDENTIST
WITCH-HUNT
(Capodistria, 20th March)
At a protest meeting held today Slovene, Croat and Italian lawyers from
the District of Istria sent a resolution to the Yugoslav Government, expressing
their dislike "of the latest pursuit which It'alian Imperialist circles, making
use of the ignorance of countries abroad and perverting the facts, launched
against Capodistria and the peaceful life of its population."
The Capodistrian lawyers stressed certain facts concerning the legal
position in Zone A and in Zone B of the FTT and called upon the Yugoslav
Government, in the interests of justice and truth, to stand by their policy of
safeguarding the nation and their authority in Capodistria and their policy of
carrying into its life by means of the Peace Treaty the recognised democratic
and national rights of the population in Zone A and the rights of the Slovene
minority in Italy.
The resolution then indicates the violations of the Peace Treaty-with Italy
which are committed in the Anglo-American Zone of the FTT by the civil
authorities, with the support of Military Government officials. This is an
attempt to make the legal position in the Anglo-American Zone the same as in
Italian state territory. -
In connection with the attacks of the Trieste Irredentists concerning the
alleged religious persecutions in Zone B, the resolution emphasises that the
same Irredentist clerical circles, which are.now making a noise without any
reason, have not raised their voices after the first World War when in these
parts the Fascist terror reigned.
"The lawyers of the Istrian county state - concludes the resolution -
that the present pursuit against Yugoslavia and the Istrian county represents
a continuation of the method which in these parts have been practiced and per-
fected by Fascism before introducing it into Italy. That is why the lawyers
of the Istrian county see in the efforts of the FPRY Government for agreement
in solving the Trieste question not only as the safeguard of the interests of
our people but also for the defence of democratic achievements :of vilich the
whole progressive world is _proud.
(POLITIKA - 21st March, 1952).
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3
THE ROTE OF: 'I} SCHOOL IN THE EDUCATION OF OUR YOUNG PEOPT7
Our public opinion has become interested in certain negative
manifestations of our youth lately. Discussion of these questions
in the press by pecple whose busiAess is the education of our
youth would be usefull and necessary.
Discussing the main factbrs of youth education be, whether
the -family, schc-.,1 or youth organizations should play the decisive
part in it, would be one-sided and therefore incomplete.
Education of our youth becomes impoSsible if any one of these
factor's is eliminated. Any one of them, in its own way, may play
more or less a decisive role in the education of young people.
These three chief factors must be in harmony. We think that the
school,.. nowadays, has the greatest possibilities to assume the
role in directing the work of school, home and youth organizations.
It is a fact, however, that cooperation between school,
parents and youth organizations is very poor. It cannot be said
that meetings of teachers and parents are rare, but usually :there
they discuss only the results obtained by students in various
subjects. Very seldom they discuss the general problems of youth
education, various negative manifestations /poor manners, deca-
dence in recreations, lack of patriotic education of youth etc/.
Even more seldom it happens that the parents tell teachers about
the Shortcomings of their children with respect to character etc.
Usually the parents are trying to hide and justify the short-
comings Of their children for unjust fear that this would impair
their suCcess in school. This comes from the fact that not only
students but also their parentS regard the teachers only as
crities and judges and not as educators of their chiliren.
Not only the schools, 'aut also our public opinion should
incite the parents to take a different, more correct attitude
toward the school, to understand that our socialist school has
not only the task to offer knowledge as prescribed by the school
programs, but also to educate students to become good citizens
of our socialist 'country, to become diligent, honest, courageous
and enterprising men.
There aPe certain negative manifestations of youth, however,
which the school alone is unable to cape with. Here this kind-
of cooperation becomes imperative, all such problems must be
placed by the school before the parents and youth organizations-,
There is also the problem of wrong forming of character an&
morals of youth. Our attention is called to this fact by oases
of hypocrisy among the school youth. It happens that written
assignments and oral recitations present one attitude of stu-
dents while their actions and discussions outside the school
reflect the opposite. It is also to be mentioned that this occurs
with both younger n and older students. Their assignments and
recitations in school are usually excellent.
Independence gained by the yluth during the war and in the
course of building socialisms along with its many positive
aspects, has also drawback and that is that the school has
neglected the education of youth outside the school. The rela-
tionship between school'and youth organizations is superficial.
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Thus, a certain number of educational workers think that they should
not interfere with these problems of youth. First of all we must
agree that, as a matter of fact, a youth organization is freedom of
self-activity. Whereas a positive incitement coming from outside
never can harm self-activity, so the youth organization in no case
will be hindered by the initiative and support gi/en by teachers
when treating problems of youth education. On the contrary, it will
be helpful, The teacher must not Impose routines on the youth orga-
nization in its work, but he has to incite it to quality work and
endeavor to create normal relations between school and youth orga-
nization. Neither the schools, nor the youth organizations have, for
instance,tried to settle the question of play, uniforms etc. Although
the teachers have taken cognizance of certain harmful manifesta-
tions in the recreation nf youth, they discuss it only among them-
selves, instead of placing all the problems causing them openly
before the youth in order to discuss and settle these questions
together,
At joint meetings,for instance, they do not discuss play, jazz
music etc. It even appears that the teachers are not interested in
the recreation of youth.
A closer contact between school and youth would enable the
teachers to get better acquainted with their pupils as persons, rot
only to know them as good or poor students. Besides, the school
could together with the youth present their demands to the parents
with more reason.
A number of parents, due to their personal lack of education
is not in a position to offer the youth their share in education,
but there is help for it. It is a fact that the Association of
Teachers has not done much in this respect, it has not instructed
the parents in correct pedagogic education. This may be attained by
lectures of educational workers at public places, peoplefs universi-
ties and mass organizations. Often, even educated parents need to
be reminded of the role played by systematic education of youth.
Education of youth should be a constant problem of the press
and of the public in general. As a matter of fact, it should be
the result of systematic work in this field.
Then all the other organizations indirectly interested in the
education of youth, such as the Antifascist Front of Women, the
Front and all other mass organizations would be incited to action.
For, education of youth is not only a duty of the school, parents
and youth organizations, it is a general task.
(POLITIRA, March 16, 1952)
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5
EVIDENCE OF POLITICAL MATURITY IN COLIECTIVES
In some enterprises the elections for werkers' councils have
been already held, while in many others TreParations for same are
being =Ad- Preparations run parallel with discussions and,elabo-.
ration of-the social plan and with the elections for trade union.
managements. Discussions pertaining to regulations and distribu-:
tion'ofHearningS of collectives will soon begin in various enter-
prises....Due,to the fact that within a.short time several very impor-
tant jobs-sare to be done, the elections for workers' councils have
been neglected to abertain extent. Many party and trade union
organizations, not yet accustomedto connect one task with the other,
which was very necessary in this case, have primarily concentrated
on distusSions,of the social plan, while they have neglected some-
what the preparations for elections. During the coming 15 days /the
elections must be held by March 31 at the latest/ due attention.
must be paid to them. ?
The most important thing is that every worker and employee. ,
participate in the discussions on candidates, understand the role
and importance of the workers' council in the new economic,sytep,
and see to .it that only the best men he elected. .Now again,, the
communists,should.be:the'post active agitators and movers in the -
ollectives4This,hoWever, is not the case in all enterprises.
Many party and trade union managers, for instal-1.de; do.nOt know the
conditions prevailing in enterprises.' Individual comrades of .trade
union managements in .Bosnia and in Serbia know only "that matters,
run normally and no, special problems exist,"_ It is clear that they
did not pay as much attention to the elections ashtey should., On
the.other'hand, the Trade. Union Council of' Sloveniahad a? meeting
not long ago dedicated to the elections of workers' councils,
while the Belgrade Trade Union Council held :a plenary session.
Discussions of the social plan and calculations in the enter-
prise offer an sxcellentopportUnity for'sthe. c011ective,to get
acquainted with the problems of the enterprise and to observe how
individuals look upon them. Workers have .attained excellent results
in AisbOvering reserves., ;but it. must not be forgotten' that in some
enterprises and directions there still exist particularist aspira-
tions.andicanceptions. Therefore, it may be said that the discussions
of the. social plan have served the cellectiVe as a guide as to whom
nominate for the new wcrkers'-council and to Place an the list of
candidates the names of the :best and most conscientious pen:
.111.Many enterprises candidacies are on .a Very broad basis
In the enterprises in Slovenia, for instance? inquiries have been
organized, workers made their proposals irlividually Similar oln-
ditions prevail in the wood industry-in Belisce, in the Oil indus-
trTin Gojle and Sumecani, in the foundry1"Aleksandar Tt.ankovieetc.
Three Weeks ago, boxes were placed at convenient places into which
the ,wrorkera.drop their proposals... These inquiries are Very success
ful, noth discussions at variouS conferenves and the inquiries.
have: shown that the collectives tOok,the now elections very serious-
ly and had.;in the main, a-correct criterion with respect to selec-
tion of men The workers of the tobacco factory in Skoplje, for
instance, haVe critisized and rejected the list of candidates put
Up' by a small group of reactionaries. The same happened in a prin-
ting enterprise in Karlovao. Iii the metal enterprise Of Stip-/fac-
tory of agricUltural implements/ at a'confel.ence, the wOrkers had
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11E11
rejected a large number of candidates put up -ry the trade union
branch. The burning problem of this enterprise is how to sell its
products because they are very exPensive. The workers lo not approve
the economic' policy of the management and:have nominated new men
for the workers' council.
There, are many instances showing maturity of the collectiVo
and its readiness to quickly remove former weaknesses, In some ,
enterprises, however, they regard the candidacy as a mere fermality.
This happens In enterprises where the party and trade union mana-' ?
gers do not understand the essence of our struggle for deMoera4.
Candidates are discussed only by an inner circle cfmen.at,party
and trade union forums in order to "select the best men." In bomec
places they say- that there is not much time left /It is .true that
a number of new and important jos are to be lone in enterpriSes' -
during the month of March/. We mention this because in suCh?Cases
deviation from our Party line may result and. the colleetive's basic
right to manage the enterprise may be endangered. Although the
number of such enterprises is not large, the. tendency of'eluding
workers It a remnant of bureaucratic conceptions which we Must
fight against energetically.
Discussions of final accounts offer also an excellent oppor--
tunity for the collectives to get acquainted with the policy of the
enterprise and to 'become familiar with its weak and strong points.
It is true that often directors and chief acccuntant8 submit long
and rather incomprehensible /reading of figures alone' may last a
whole hour/ reports. In such a situatien no serious discussion.
can develop. It is.the task.of party and traie union 'organizations
to be the movers of concrete and real discussions without sKf-
praise and without a defensive attitude towards unprcfitable.and
wasteful business management. This .can be ar!etai.ned if short,.con-
cise and clear excerpts: from the report are made In advance for,
the member z of the workers' council and if the business activity
of the enterprise is explained in a manner easily understood by
everyone at the conference..?
In some enterprises they do not heed the Instructions of. the
Federal Government .Pertaining to Elections, In some Belgrade enter-'
prises,for instance, the lists ofCandidates .were Signed only by
the chairman and secretary of the trade union:organization.-The
enterprise "-Temelj". had four lists of candidates Which the elec-
toral cotmission had united into one.The namesrof.the candidateS
however, were not written out on the slipsbut only their Airdinal
numbers frot the list /Which means that each Worker had.to know
the succession of candidates by heart,/ These elections were
annulled as unlawful.. The whole procedure is clearly stated in the.
Instructions of the Federal Governmentea7d there is no reason why
anyone should deviate from same,
For the second time are our workers collectives electing
men to manage enterprises, from their own midst by secret ballot.
The present elections are even more important than the previous
ones because the new workers' cellectivee are facing more compli-
cated and harder. tasks: Therefore, the party and trade union
nrganizationS should do their test that all members of the ccllee-
tives participate in the elections /reduce the number of official
trips etc. on the election e,ay/. These elections for werkers'counc.
are not only a current job to be done, but they are also a mani-
festation of political maturity of the collectives.
/BORBA, March 17,1952/
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- 7 -
IRREDENTIST CELEBRATION OF TRI-PAiiTITE DECLARATION
Today again our/It'alian nel4Thbour has been carried by a
new wave of megalomania ngfaihns "Trieste - Bay of Cattaro" of its
present Government and leaders of her monarchist, Cominformist and
neo-Fascist o)positi f ? ecm? d if the criminal bloody reaali-
sation of this mania was/of a too short duration and that the
experiences and exeriences 'are easily forgotten on the other side of
the Adriaticl 1. -
Adventure and adventurers flourish, of course, in the mean-
while, The Trieste Primorski Dnevnik writes, that according to
?i,t-sinforpaations some "Committee for defen-oel-of Italianisation of
"1"scft'fan'llip.f the obscure adventurerl Bartolin has received permission
from the Anglo-American Military Government in Trieste to stage
today, at the anniversary of the signature of the Tri-Partite
Declaration, celebrations in the theatre "Verdi", to set up posters
with the text of this declaration and that the orchestra of the
Fascist "Lego Nazionale" holds a concert of "patriotic songs and
hymns" at the Great Market.
As if it was not the case of a cheap, la,t still dangerous
provocation, which can serve little to the solution of Ywoslav-
Italian problems in some constructive and useful way and the
setting up of better relations between two neighbouring states'.
As if the "manifestations will not get out of the theatre hall
as normal Irredentist anti-Yugoslav demonstration and as if the
leaflets with the text of a dead, unjust, out-lived and refuted
declaration will not result in new hostile revenge - Fascist acts
of proitonation against our peoples on tbis and that side of the
border (Primorski Dnevnik writesthst cn theeCorsp Aquadofo
leaflets have been pasted full of wishes and appeals that the
Italian Tri-colcre should again flutter from Trieste to the Bay of
Kotor"). As if the concert at the Great Market will not be
deVoted to songs under which the hordes of murderers of un-
protected lives broke through the frontiers of Mussolini's Italy
in the last war. And the character of these manifestations is such
that it will surprise nobody, * t if the "Giovinszza is not
played in honour of the Tri-Partite Declaratiun, under which tunes
the Duce Rot sollang_ago in his 'own way warned the USA and Great
Britain,
Partite
This is all possible. In honour of the Tr/Declaration the
Trieste Lawyers' Chamber published that "the third part of the
second article of the Peace Treaty is no longer formally in force
just as is the case with the sixth and seventh appendix which refer
to the FTT, Therefore the Lawyers' Chamber of Trieste proclaims
again Italian sovereignty from this and the other side of the
Morgan line......"
therefore
The Peace Treaty is/valid at one moment and the next is not.
The anti-Yugoslav hate of' the Irredentists continues and thirrwild
dUtbursts can, however, permanently continue to bein force?, This
is to advantage except perhaps to those who need inter-
national conflision nor can it be useful in general; it seems as
if somebody --soxteseed without thinking what-he-rve6t-thet-mili ---
bring.
(Sd.)
(BCRBA 20th March, 1952).
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?
-8-
COMINFORMISTS VLIIT ITALIAN INSTRUCTION IN SLOVENE SCHOQLS
. ,
(Gorizia, 19th March)
A delegation of Cominformists from Krmin came to the Municipal
Council to demand that in Krmin should be opened only a Slovene
course instead of a primary school which the parents of the
Slovene children demand, And in order to s'aow themselves "most
Italian" the Cominformists propose also that in t new Slovene
school im 2lescevo, which serves only as e justification for the
closing down of the school in Krminlinstruction in the Italian
len ueke should be introduced.
This would most probably be, according to their idea, the
first step towards Italianisation of other Slovene schools also.
Thus the Cominformists are joining in attacks on national and
humeri rights of Slovenes in the Gorizia region.
(BORA - 20th Lerch, 1952),
CARABINIERT FORBIDS SLOVENIAN SONGS ?
(Gorizia, 19th March)
In the village Terce several young men assembled in a public
house and sang Slovenian sons. Carabinieri arrived immediately
and tried to prevent the young men from singing, saying that
"who wishes to sing in Slovenian should go to Yugoslavia, and if
one wishes to remain in Italy he can only sing in Italian". The
young man were not afrein and continued to sing song in their
mother tongue.
(BORBA - 20th March, 1952).
PitOTEST MEETING IN CAIJOIJISTAIRN VILL;,GE CONCERidNG IH21.EDENTIST.
WITCH-HUNT
(Capodistrie, 19th March)
In connection with the, Irredentist witch-hunt by,the united
Trieste reaction against the 1.5pu1etion of the Yu,oslaV zone of the
FTT and Nrugoslavial peasants - co-operative members of the Croatian
village Materade in the Blja District held today a ?Protest meeting,
ict this meeting, ailingst others, s3pke member nf the Regional
Committee of the Slovene-Italian Anti-Fascist Union Ivo Jukic.
. From the meeting a telegram was seat to the F-)reiu,n Il inister
of the FL'HY, Edverd Kerdelj, in which the peasants of the village
Laterad- demand that the most decisive gtePa, should be -
taken with the Italian Government to put a stop to -the support
of Irredentist organiseti,ns Pnd groups which with their Chauvinist
.witch-hunt poism relations between Yuaoslavia and Italy.
Similar 'protest meetings were held tAday in many other
places of the Istrian re.gion, amon,F which in the mininz, centre
Sicole, then in the Slovene villages of St.Anton, Smarje and
2ucama as well as in the Croatian ples of Set: aid Buje.
In many telegremsl, which the populatiDn of the Yuooslav Zme
of the FTT send to the vDreiEn-?olitical Committee of the People's
Assembly of the FPAY and to Foreign Minister Kardelj, revolt is
expressed because official representatives in Trieste support the
anti-Yu;cslav witch-hunt of Trieste Irredentists.
(BORBA - 20th March, 1952),
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-9.,
CERTAIN EXAMPLES OF AN IRREGULAR UNDERSTANDING OF SOCIALIST DEMOCRACY
In some party organisations in the Vojvodina there are appearances
of misunderstanding the ..essence of within-party democracy. One does not
begin from the fact that within-party democracy consist. of the development
of comradely, communistic relations amongst party members, the creation of
such relatiOns that "party members are enabled in"mutual contact to express ?
freely their opinions concerning individual problems of our every-day
_2
practice, our road to Socialism as well as concerning other political and
social problems. One should mention that such misnc&ofiptions are most often
manifested in those Partvorganisations where ideological -political work
is the least or not at all developei.
Such eccurrences, objectively hinder our socialist development. The
efficient measure for their elimination is the organisation of such a life, in
party organisations where it would be attained that every party member parti-
cipate in a lively manner in discussion of political and social problems
which will oblige him to develop continually his ideological-political
horizon, to read and learn, and to develop ideologically. However, this is
in fact what is lacking in some party organisations. A more fundamental
learning of the situation in some districts as well as individual visits of
different party organisations, which were made by members of the Regional
Committee, confirms this best. It was shoWn, namely; that it is not a rare
case in some basic Fifty organisations that not a single party member does
anything in the way of his proper education, does not even follow the
daily press, making exceptions for sporting columns, particularly football.
Such occurrences ,could be found also amongst members of the Local Committees
and even amongst some,comrades.from District Committees. In such a situa-
tion it is not difficult to understand why these organisations are behind
schedule. ,In fact, in them exist all cOnditions for the misconceptions of
the party line in the further development of socialist democracy, ?for .the
petty bourgeois influence on the party membershipwhich is manifested in
different forms - in appearances of wiilfullness, unruliness and.siMilar.
To what all this may lead can best be seen from the following ?
examples. Today in Yugoslavia every patriot accepts the Social Plan as a
basis and road,to the building of socialism in our country. Our"yrty and
all its cadres, with all their revolutionary spirit are 'explaining with all
their might the essence of the Social Plan and the importance, in order that,
the working masses might understand and accept it as well as possible. Such
acceptance of the ?S-)cial Plan is the? guarantee for its successful execution,
however individual party members who ?do not understand the essence of
socialist democracy,conceive it and interpret it So, for example,. the
Secretary of the Town Party Committee in Apatin, explaining the Social Plan,
spoke of how much industry and how much agriculture renders to the Social
community. Although he did not invent anything but only exposed and explained,
what is written in the draft of the Social Plan of the FERY;,one party member
apostrpohised him in a rude manner, telling him that it is not true what he
says, that he is lying, etc. To such an act of.this party member, who in
fact has nothing in common with the party, the rest of the present commu-
nists did not react or condemned him, but not because they agree with him, ,
because they .ccnsider wrcpgly that'democracy lies in the fact that "everyone ?
can say what he thinks" without taking into account if it is a ?qp0stion -g
truth and justified criticism or slander and lies,
A similar thing haPpened at the meeting of the Party organisation in
the village Stanisio. Namely,ameMber of the Bureau of the Party District
Committee held a. consultative makiting with Communists from the peasant wor-
king cooperative and explained to them the Social Plan . One of the Party
members then got up and said : " Say whateverym like, I have 400 working
days in the peasant working cooperativq? but I cannot buy even a handkerchief".
When the matter was examined on the spot, it was seen that he rkT3diredeimed
L iod, amongst other things, also 7o quintals of corn. And for this reason
the Bureau member said that the act of the Party member was wrong, to which
the laftRORTISIERr gQ9P1414F :6exWORPRR-QQ41451it41120.41,10Q04-9 that
Veople should be_lallowed to say what they feel " . It is important to mention
t t . 1
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that the.complete Local Committee was present, but did not undertake any mea-
sures. Inboth the cases, it can be seen that the above mentioned Party membersitio
8M-the aeatt,have understood quite wrongly the essence of within - party de-
mocracy and our sotialist democracy in general.
Such confusion on conceptions of eanocracy, which exist l with some 9f our
people, has made possible the revival of individual enemies 14-1etry to develop
their anti-PeoP15, activities. This is illuptrated by the case in the village
Kustilje, where elections for the local PF Committee took place. In the
Committee were elected also s 'mo hostile elements, who have succeeded to es-
cape justice and hive not paid 4-te-panalty for their misdeeds during the
occupation. Although Party members were present at this conference and knew
them well, not one of them found it necessary to speak and expose politically
these men, who were not worthy to beelecte;2 in the leadership of the PF. At the
time when the PF was being created and strenghtened in the struggle, they were
against it. They have remained as such, but inspite of it, they were permitted
to become members of the leadreship of the PF, and tnus, in a way obtain a
legal form for a struggle against the PF programme, against the organisation
itself.
Such and similar examples cpn be found also in other places. Amongst
other things, they point out clearly that there are elements foreign to'cur
socialist country, who attempt to exploit the ever increasing demoebatic
freedom in it for their anti-P9oplb activities. However much more important
is that Some Party organisations do'not undertake corresponding polial
measures in order to eliminate them.On the colatraTy, individual Communists and
PF members discuss about democratic forms, about the essence of democracy and
similar, but they cannot perceive that democracy means freedom .and greatl
rights for people's masses and struggle against all enemies of the people,
On top of that, there is inalertriess in regard to some elements, who are stri-
ving.to present our socialist democracy as something, which has been forced
upon us from put4ide, as something which is a " foreign product " .Socialist
democracy, such as we are today-developing in our countrY, pprrespTlds,best
to our community, it corresponds to our economic,political and cultpral,deve-
lopment. When we are to-day developing socialist relations in enterprises, in
peasant working cooperatives and agricultural cooperatives etc. when we
mete out decisive blows to bureaucratic tendencies and practice, we are doing
this at nobody's orders, as some wish to represent, but because this corresponds
best to, the interests of our people.
It is basic for our Party organisations to understand, when one speaks
about democracy, that this is the dictatorship of the proletariat under our
conditions that -itis a form of class struggle, which means that this demo-
cracy/for the.enorm4us majority of our people, which is building its happier
future with great self - sacrifice and that there is not and cannot be de-
mocracy for thcP!ay who wish to put a brake on our development, to make possible
the enslavement of our Country by enemies.
Starting from this point, it will no longer happen that many items are
observed either froth the -?angle of personal interest or from 'that Of some
" ideal " 7 " absolute " democracy. When.theycome to perceive the essence
of our. socialist-demoaracy,, the Party organisations will be able to atruggle
wAth4tesi&r SUCCeEs. for-its further strengtlaraing and development.
, -
signed : Task? Romac )
Organisational secretary of the
Regional:Coraittee of the Columnist
'Party for the Voivodina.
BORA, March 2o, 1952 ) ?
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MOSCOW CONCEALS FACTS...HOW DOES A SOVIET MA.1 LIVE
Inspite of all efforts it is difficult to find out a measure
of the living standard of an average Soviet man. The journal Novo'e
Vremja which in February, at the occasion of fulfilling the Five Year
Plan, wrote about "undeniable advantages of the Soviet system", could
no satisfy our curiosity. The relative manner of announcing Soviet
statistical data disenables the review of most important components
of the standard -into the real monthly income of the population
and the volume of production of consuming goods per head.
. The problem does not cease to be interesting. The world
public is interested in two questions: first, in what extent can the
living standard prove that the Soviet Union really builds up the
peacetime economy, and second, what are the results of work of the
Soviet man in the 35th year of revolution?
A series of official data which are carefully compared
in economic circles, nevertheless enables a general estimate. In this
there'are.surely several methods.
Prices and:wages.
Let us start from the prices of consuming goods. Eye-
witnesses who succeeded in visiting Moscow shops submitted a price
list which almost agrees with the estimates of leading world
economic experts. Following the fifth reduction in prices
(the first was Carried in 1947 at the time of chanFin7. the money
which all savings of the population were annulled), prices are
twice higher than in. the period of 1939-1940. A kilogramme of
rye bread, which is the basic food of the Russian 'orker and of the
minor employee, costs 1.75 ruble, pork 30 rubles-, oil 16, lard 3.3.
ap-les 20 rubles. We shall add few industrial products: better
quality fabric(in fact average quality) - 300 rubles per metre,
man's shirt 300 rubles, women shoes from 250-700 rubles. And
finally; in Urban traffic, ticket for the underground railway -
haif a ruble.
The simplest method would consist. in comparing the parity
of money. Although with such mechanical method the aim is not
achieved, something could be discovered. We would find out at least
t gap between the nominal and real value of the. ruble. :If one
dollar is really four rubles, then there are 75 dinars in one ruble.
Therefore, for one kilogramme of brown bread we would have to pay
120 dinars! And. for white breadA8 rubles) - even 600 dinars. This
comparison, anyhow is not in favour of theSoviet economy?,
What is the average real wage? Hiding behind the percentage,
the Soviet statisticians from year to year are making particular
efforts to conceal data about it. The subtle system of hierarchical
differentiations led, especially in recent years, to enormous
differencies in wages within each group of inhabitants and as.a
whole. Though the .Soviet experts in satellite countries are receiving
extensive salaries: .under absolutely Unreal exchange rate, they are
at their homes often at the bottom of social scale. On the other hand
owing to the increasing centralization of business, several functions
are centred in the hands of superior'bureaucracy . so that the
monthly incoMe of a certain Vishinsky which is calculated accordino-
to many data amounts to 50,000 rubles, is not an exception. Cn the
other hand, the wage,of a skilled driver today amounts only to 450
rubles. A physician with a practice of several years receives 700
rubles and the shop assistant 400 only. The latest published
average earning refers to 1940, when it amounted only to 385 rubles
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And lot should reach at the close of 1950 the level of 500 rubles.
The data about wares are not any lon-er pulished: Let us .:resume
that thatlevel has been reached._ In fact what do these 500 rubles
mean? -
Loans mean a form Of taxes,
et least 100 rubles are taken from this ware by various
measures. In additions to the tax, the Soviet -overnaent collects
another kind of "tax" - these are annual loans. Everyone is requested
to contract a loan in the amount of his two-months ware, "if possible".
Hence, the real averave cannot exceed 400 rubles. The rent for a
two room appartment amounts to 800 rubles, and if the majority of
citizens pays less it is because the averaRe worker's family unless
it belonvs to the privileved class of "stachanovec" (shock workers),
cannot have such a flat. There are no children's allowances, and
men are exempted of paying alinentation for illegitimate children,
"as the state takes care of them". For each ille-itimate child the
state pays only 140 rubles per month. There exist no reductions
in transport. If we add to all this the school fee and compulsory
payment frrstudents' uniforms in secondaro- schools, we vet a rather
sad picture of the avera-re ware. A Soviet man can hardly make both
ends meet, so that he cannot cover his food expenses. The basic food
is roats, potatoes, brown bread and as basic fats, oil though a
Ruasian would prefer lard. The British journal Economist even
considers that the Soviet living standard, which the Soviet propa-
vandists wish to put dn the leadino. Place in the world, it could be
compared only with the very low standard in Spain...
However, we have not yet obtained a complete picture.
wo haw, not found out what is most important - the trend of development.
The percentae-e of producin- consumic7 roods es well as erecting
houses in the two last-years, after certain successes in 11-.e
frstPost-war years, are now erain in decrease. Tojay the volume
of that production has just reached thE prel-war. level. In 1950
on a citizen voes only 0.84 metres of woolen tissue and just a
Pair of shoes.
Free market inepractice.
, How can in this Case the question of"free market"be solved? ?
Very simply. Territorial distribution of consumin7 goods is organized,
in which only four cities Moscow,' Leningrad and to la certain devree
Tiflis andKijev 7 are-in a -privilered resition. They are. receivinv
much -treater consignments of 7oods than other towns. Nevertheless,
all muality-- goods,oespecially textile is not Of...Russian origin, but
Czech, Polish and Eastern Gerolan. produce. The' reduction of prices
therefore, it not derived from the actual increase of production
for wide -consumption,, but A result of uneven distri'oution
Prices do not moan that the. -oods are available everywhere. So,
for example, in the course of last years flour in Moscoweshops
appeared only.atotwo holidays. Before New ?Y.....(ar there vvere long
queues- in front;ofoahops for those who were *uyinr flour.. In
provincial-towns especially, in the Ural area it happens' that there
is no tread foroseveraL,days. In the province salaries are not
regularly paid, -often- At the end of the month.
Onesided development of economy.
Formal speeches by Berij ane '..;verj--.)V, and even the
oo,-,.'son of the increase of production in .:rercentave, unsuspected1V
noint out to the fact that.the Soviet econcrn is still further
developin,. onesidedly. Accordin- to the report of the Economic
Commission for Europe, and that report. owinv to its imrartialitv
was met with tremendous protest by the Soviet representatives,shows that
proportional increase of the production oor censuminv 7oods for
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the last 12 years make:s only the sixth part of the increase of
machine production, while the population for the same period was
incresedby 10 million . In the official Soviet report concerning
the fulfillment of the Five Year Plan light industry is on the
nineteenth place, and the textile industry at the bottom of the
table.
A progress in the Soviet production has undoubtedly been
achieved, But from this statement to the allegation that the
Soviet Union "passes. over to communism" and that it wiped out
unsurpassable social c- differences, so characteristic for the
old Russiai is still very far.. After 34 years from. the
revolutiono. average Soviet man could expect inspite of war
destructions 7 even a higher living standard, and much more
equitable .distribution of earnings, and finally, a somewhat
different trend of development.
(Sd.) Jurij Gustincic
(POIITIKA, March 17,1952)
DELEGATION OF SLOVENE CULTURAL ASSICIATIONS IN TRIESTE SET THEIR
REQUESTS TO THE REPRESENTATIVES OF ANGLO-AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT
(Trieste, March 20 - Tanjug)
Yesterday a delegation representing all-Slovene'cultural.
assoeiations.in the Anglo-Ameridan Zone of FTT visited the represen
tatiVe of the Anglo-American Military Government Major Kellet
handing him a memorandum in which they demand the Military Government
to build a central culturual home for the needs of all Trieste
Slovenes from ordinary 'receipts.
The delegation pointed to the representative of the
Anglo-American Zone on conditionsunder, which Slovenesfrom Trieste
live in all provinces of public life owing to the non-fulfillment
of the Peace Treaty with' Italy, as are the provisions on equality
of Slovenes in this area, on language, on schools, on employment
in public offices "and on all other civic rights. The delegation
further pointed to the need of solving the question of citizenship
and a. whole series of other questions.
The representative of the #nglo-American Zone said that
the Military Government will consider, these questions and afterwards
call the delegation again.
(POLITIKA, March 21, 1952)
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FRESENT-DAY RUMANIA PEOPLE WHO .DID NOT WANT TO BEAR THE DISGRACE
We have already written about Joan Ginea; Dimitri Ficurka and the
trio of other Rumanian military airmen who escaped to our Country. ?- ?
I have had another talk with Joan Ginea and Dimitri Fiturka. Here is
what they told me in explaining: their action in a little more detail.
Joan Ginea, the political commissar, is a young man. In 1945 he
became a member ofthe Pae'7-, he a young and Sincere member of the
Party, fiery and full. ot: amJitlen, he started, his work in the army. and?
Party with great'enelmeane7e be developed and improved himself in the
army and beceme b c"..-eee.t.e:7ar. r..ed the Party leader of a regiment. . This
is a very high ?and ?Jeeeperetbie position. Thanks to his political
develorment 'and hsi,:probably more quickly than .the others.,.
was able to sea where tiic policy of Foscow and her ?servants in -
Bucharest was leading today.
When I talked with him he knew that I was :a newsman and that
would write about thiS chat. .1 asked him questions that interested me
and he answered me. precisely and with full details and explanations.
I gained the impress en that that man, an officer, commisser and
Party leader, was somewhat ashamed of What he was; namely, an officer
in an army which in reality represents only a Small screw in the large
aggressive war machine of the USSR. His words expressed the painful
feelingeof a man who was thoroughly disgusted- with something-he liked
and something to which he had dedicated his life. He narrated' (and '
we must keep in mind that we are dealing with a political leader) that
the populace of Rumania talks. about its army as though it were speaking
of Some enemy army. He said that very recently he was hurt by the fact
that the people were more openly manifesting their unfriendly attitude
towards the army. On the streets, in public places and at meetings,
the people of Rumania look upon the members of the army, specifically
the officers, withlack of faith and are unwilling to come into -
contact with them.. In, Rumanian officers- and soldiers the people only
see allies of the Soviet army; in other words, their enemies, for the
Soviet Army represents nothing else but an occupation army'. It is
true that:Cominformist propeganda endeavour's, by all forces, to .show
the presence ? of the Soviet Army as a necess-lry measure andbesides
that as some generous aid from the U-13R to the people of Rumania, but
this propaganda no longer has any effect.
Ginea furthcr narrated that in his talks with the citizens with
whom he had come into cloae contact he came to the conclusion that
this unfriendly attitude of the people towards the Rumanian Army is
increasing. From his comrades, officers, he found out that the
question of the people's relation towar's the army lid not only
torture him but that this is a problem over which many officers are
seriously concerned. bith respect to the Soviet officers and citizens
living in Rumania, Ginea said that they do not hesitate to
show not only their lack of faith in the Rumanian Army but at all
opportunities they also manifest their feelingsef superiority.
What the Rumanian people think about all this is shown by their
attitude towards the Rumanian Army, so said Ginea. And what are the
people doing? They are resisting as best they can and in the way
they know how to. They are sabotaging, conducting passive resistance
and are forming Party groups which Ginea does net believe to be. united
a n d under one leadership, but he considers that they are the
result of the desire for resistance which is growing spontaneously
in the people. Here are a number of examples which Ginea gave for
illustration:
Every year on August 23, the "Day of Liberation", a great celebra-
tion is prepared in Rumania. This is the day when, as the Cominform
press writes, the troops of the U3SR "liberated" the Rumanian people.
There are great preparations for that day, meetings are held at which
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the people are obligated to "enthusiastically" cheer the USSR, Stalin,
the Soviet and then the Rumanian (never in the reverse order) Politburo
and so forth.
This was the case on August 23, 1951. Yeetings were also held
in the collectives in Brasovi. One of these mectin7s was held in an
armament factory and on the roof of this factory machine guns were
sot up. It was explained to the workers that those machine guns were
set up as a precautionary measure in case of an air attack(I). It
was more recommendable - stated Ginea - not to question too much why
this was necessary, but the explanation "defense of Rumania against
the imperialists" - which is constantly being served to the Rumanian
people - no longer fools anyone.
In the vicinity of Tulce the August 23 celebration was excep-
tionally loud. It the peak of the "celebration" one by one there
were explosions in the large warehouse for torpedoes, grenades, bombs
and other munitions. The next day the press only carried the meetings
and the enthusiasm of the populace, but this and some other incidents
in Tr msylvania which happened that day were not oven mentioned.
And Dimitri ricurka spoke about similar incidents and explained
how he came to the same conclusions as did Ginen. Those two, as well
as the rest of the airmen who escaped with them to Yugoslavia finally
saw the truth. Then they were faced with the question: Shall we
continue to further t)lcrate this humiliation to which we are exposed
)r shall we do something about it? They decided on the latter. True,
this road was a lot more difficult but mire honorable. Jian Ginea
and his c)mrades left their c)untrv rrepared t) ficrht r.gainst the
enslaver 0I tneir people--agtinst imperialis ana its serv,nts
in Rumania.
This is what they stated. ?And when they tell you this, these
words of theirs?after everything they narrated to you about the
feeling of humiliation--are not merely a -phrase. (sgd) I. C.
(BORBA - 20th luarch, 1952)
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INSTEie.) OF I iGUINTS IN-ENTIONS
? In June 195o the Italian government in a memorandum concerning
the Slovene national minority in Italy announced to the Yugoslav
eovernment:-"after the fall of fascism, the new Italian Republic -
in its sovereignty - will be happy to give a legal form to
..measures, most of which are already in force, and which in a just
'Way7encompass the yearnings of ? citizens .of Slovene origin".
-q'QM the above, One could conclude that good will existed with the
?Italian government to settle the problems in connection with
SlOVene national minority. However; does the practice in Italy
harmonize with the above words? What is in fact present day
,practice in Italy When it is the question of the position of the
Slovene national minority in Venetia Giulia, Gorizia Region -
Canal Valley and Rezija?
. The reply to .these questions has been given by the closing
down of the Slovene primary school in Krmin. This school was
.founded in 1.908 end the number of. puoils which attended this
school was 60 till the beginning of World War I. With the arrival
of fascist regime in Italy this school, as all other Slovene
schools was closed in compliance with the fascist policy of
denationalizing the Slovene population. The school in Krmin
was reoned in 1945 during the. Allied occupation. The number
of Slovene pupils attending this school was at that time 80.
When these regions came again.under Italian administration, the
number of pupils and masters began rapidly to decrease. And
finally the school was closed down a short time ago.
The Yugoslav eol:ernment on two occasions requested the Italian
government to examine again and rescind the decision concerning t
the closing down of the school in Krenin. Our government drew the
attention of the Italian government to the feet that the rights
of the Slovene national minority which refer to instruction in
primary and secondary schools have not yet been regulated b3r
legal measures and emphasized the need that this should be done
either by a law, or by a statute, which would guarantee to our
Slovene minority the right of instruction in the mother toneue,
the right to have a proportional number of professors 8nd inspecters
whose mother tongue is Slovene; as well as the right to have its
representatives in school councils. Italy has given these rights
already to other national minorities on her territory. The Peace
Treaty with Italy provides clearly, for the objective of guaranteeing
the basic human rights and freedom of national minorities, that.
such problems should be solved by special laws. The Constitution
of the Reeublic of Italy is not in contradiction with the above,
but, on the contrary, article 6 establishes that "national minorities
the reeublic will protect with particular reeulations".
The just and modest demand of Yugoslavia have not found the
necessary understanding with the Italian government. On the
contrary,they were met with a flow of enti7Yueoslav provocations
in the ? Italian press and over the radio, where expressions are rot
chosen, and. the wish is to divert discussion from the vital problems
of the deprival of rights of the Slovene minority in Italy. In
conncetion with thislit is characteristic,thPt the government
official paper popolo,putlished in full the comment of the tone radio
in connection Of the sending of the Yueoslev note tV'the Itelian\
,overnment ,which shows clearly that behind the one and
the other is the same conductor, just as it is the case with the,.
complete anti-Yugoslav dust which has been raised in the Italiari press
in connection with this.
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We are quite aware why this Violent tone is used in the Italian
press. It is a lack of arguments which might serve in the defence
of the exposed discriminatory acts aLeint our minority in Italy.
They want to compensate the lack of real arguments with noise,
inventions and lies.
(POLITIKA.- 21 March, 19521
TRIAL OF A Gii0UP OF COLINFORLIST SPI.S i.N.LDIVEi.SANTS IN bBICA
Pristina 20 March
Before the Council of the Regional Court from Pec began at
Srbica a trial of a group of 22 members and accomplices of armed
groups infiltrated from Albania and of members of a ballist
organizatinn named "Nazionale Democratik Shqipetare", which was
organized in the second half, of 1951 by the fugitive Dervis Kopriva
This criminal organization "Nazionale Democretik Shqipetare"
which was directed by Albanian cominformists had the task to
organize in the villages of the Drenica district one or more
"shock groups of three men" which in a "suitable moment",
namely in case of attack by the Soviet Union or some other cominformist
country on Yugoslavia would be ready to liquidate the more prominent
representatives of the people's authority, mass organizations and
Yugoslav Army and to raise a revolt in order to destroy the existing
order in the country.
Amongst others on the defendant's bench are sitting Saban
Faklija from the village Donja Brekaza and Kaitas Selin from
Polianac - former ballist criminals who were coujit by our authorities
in 1946 and later were pardoned. Amongst the defendants is also
Ileas Halim from Gornja Brekeze. All t three belong to an
espionage diversant band of Aziz Ziliivode and Serif Trstene, whom
the organs of the Albanian Security Service infiltrated into our
country with the task to collect different data of esJionage
character, to organize the escape of individual bandits from our
country into Albania, to help the work of the organization "Nazionale
Democratik Shqipetare" end to organize ?ropaganda for destroying
the peop10..,s authority on our country. The manbers of this group
went often to Albania and from there brought over directives for
executing hostile actiAities in Yugoslavia.
The trial continues. (Tanjug),
(POLITIKA - 21,March,'1952)-
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MEETING OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNivENT UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF -MARSHAL
TITO.
The Federal Government held a meeting yesterday under the
chairmanship of the President of the Government of the FFRY Marshal
of Yugoslavia Josip Broz-Tito. The following were the items on the
agenda: draft of the Social Plan of the FPRY for 1952; draft of the
budget of the FPRY for 1952; draft Law on General-State Balance Sheet
for 1950; draft Law authorizing the Government to establish funds
under sociaL administration, and certain other questions. The
Government adopted these proposals and forwarded them to the People's
As
The draft of the Social Plan, which was previously dealt with
at the meeting of the Economic Coulcil,has been corrected on the
basis of the hitherto received observations from the Assemblies of
the people's republics,Workers's Councils, labour union organisations
and other organisations. The changes which have been made do not
greatly alter the proportions: of the initial proposal of the Social
Plan of the FPRY, as could have been seen from thpreports from the
meeting of the People's Assemblies of the republics which have dealt
with this question and in the main made only 'certain insignificant
observations on the proposal.,
The Economic Plan and Finance Committees of the People's
Assembly wiil,it is presumed,start today dealting with the draft of
the Social Plan of the FPRY,
*
Legislative Committees of the People's Assembly meet today.
The Legislative Committees of the Federal Council and of the
Council of Nationalities of the People's Assembly of the FPRY will
today start considering a few draft laws which have been prepared
for the next session of the People's Assembly, The, Committees will
deal with the draft of the General Law on People's Committees; this
law will be a federal law which lays down the general princirles for
the organisation and activity of the people's committees, and the
several republics will issue, 'their own laws upon these principles.
The drafts of the laws of the people's republics on People's
Committees of Districts,Municipalities and Towns,and draft law on
Election and Recall of Councilmen have already been prerared. A draft
of the law on Territorial Division of Districts,Funicipalities and
To.gns is also being prepared.
The Committees will also consider:the draft of the Law
amending and supplementing the Law on People's Courts(iniioh
the amendments relate to expansion of jurisdiction of Regional
Courts in trying cases at common law); the draft of the Law
amending and supplementing the Military Disciplinary Courts(by which,
among otherlthe Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces is to be
authorized to issue regulations on military discipline) and the
draft of the Law amending Article 11 of the Adoption Law.
Finally, the Committees will consider the draft of the Llw on
proclamation of missing persons as dead. This law will be
introduced for the reason,among others,that during the last war and
enemy occupation of the country a large number of people disappeared
and there is no news about them. In many cases it is presumed that
the people are no longer anong the living,but they are still being
considered as alive.
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New Wages SystemComeps Into Effect on 1 April?Communique of the
Ministry of Finance of the FPRY
We have received the following communique from the Ministry of
Finance of the FPRY:
As already announced in the daily press, it is planned that the
new Wage System will go into effect on April 1, 1952.
However, in view of the fact that the technical work in con-
nection with the changeover to new pays for emrloyees cannot be com-
pleted%by March 31, 1952, the employees of state agencies and institu-
tions will be paid in respective of pays for April those amounts which
they receive in respective of pays, personal and functional allowances
for March 1952. The differences in pays for the month of April which
might occur on the basis of the new regulations on callings and pays
will be calculated and paid out to employees after April 15, after the
carrying-out of the changeover to the new system--in accordance with
the regulations which will regulate the new wage system.
(POLITIKA - 21st Varch, 1952)
CONFERE1,CE OF REPRESENT,TIVES OF SERBIAN SYNDICATES - THE WORKING
COLLECTIVES OF THE INDUSTRIAL ELT-nTRISES OF SERBIA H.VE PROPERLY
APPRAISED THE PROPOSED SOCIAL PLAN
The :conference of the syndicate functionaries of the State
Council of the Federation of Syndicates of Serbia and the secretaries
and presidents of the state syndicate committees was held in Belgrade
yesterday. Dragi Stamenkovic, President of the State Council of the
Federation of Syndicates of Serbia and member of the Politburo of the
CC CP Serbia, presided over the consultation.
In the discussion the syndicate representatives said that the
working collectives in all the industrial enterprises of Serbia hod
seriously discussed the proposed Social Plan of the Federal Government,
and after an extensive analysis they had appraised the social propor-
tions proposed by the Social Plan proposals as being properly desig-
nated. In the majority of the industrial branches there was an
increase in the total amount of accumulation.
The discussions which will be c)nducted in the entorrrises will
uncover new reserves of labour and material as well as real possibil-
ities for a more successful realization of the proposal calculations.
At the end it was decided that the State Council of the Federa-
tion of Serbian Syndicates, on behalf of the working class of Serbia
and primarily on behalf of half a million members of the syndicates,
would send a letter to the Federal Government expressing the prepared-
ness of the workers of Serbia to increase their stru;gle for the
realization of the social contribution, which is set forth in the
draft of the Social Plan which the workers approve and accept in its
entirety.
THE WORKERS OF THE lEAVY IA CHINE TOOL F,CTORY IN ZELJEZNIK HAVE
ELECTED THEIR ,4ORKjit3 COUNCIL?After the election there was a celebration
The heretofore Workers Council of the heavy machine t))1 factory
in Zeljeznik "Ivo Lola Ribar" has successfully completed its task.
Last year's production plan was completed by 114% in respect of amount,
in value 113% and in assortment 99%. Yesterday .1 new Workers Council
was elected. There was much activity in the factory an hour before
work started. Groups of workers were squeezing themselves at the
entrances to the machine hall, foundry and other rremises where voting
places were locate.d,
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Voting started exactly at six o'clock. There were -61 names on
the candidate list and the majirity of them were names of workers who
directly worked with the machins. These men are well known to every
member of the collective by their efforts and skill. The voters
checked the list v(iry carefully before they ga'70 their vote, but, in
spite at this, the voting proceeded fairly rapidly. 7']voryone wantd
t) perform his voting duty as soon as possible so as to be on their
jibs in plenty D f time. Over four-fifths of the w.)rkors cast their
vites before work started. The only votes to be cast were the ones
)f the work 005 on t;20 sec ind shift which began at three r .M. And
this shi,7t git their voting dOne rretty quickly. The election
c immiion then strted to ch,ck the results. The workers waited to
hoar the rcaults and after that they did not o home. Celebration
then started which c)ncluded the clay on which the management of the
factory was entrusted to the new Workers Council which has reat
authorization but much greater tasks than the previous council had.
(FOLITIKA - 21st 1--arch, 1952)
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EPILOGUE OF THE TRIAL OF THE PRIEST 'IVAN CEREPIC
As previously reported, the priest Ivan Cerepic was tried
having been charged with immtc,rality and abuse of his lessons in
religious instructions held at Hreljin, Rijeka district.
Before the court the defendant attempted to justify himself
by claiming that his acts were :inspired with 'Tpaternal feelings"
towards the girls and intended'to influence the girls to come
to his lessons regularly.
Apart from this, the priest Cerepic gave 20,000 dinars to
the mother of certain Volaric who intended to escape abroad and
had to collect some 50,000 dinars as a bribe to a man who was
smuggled into cur country from Trieste. Cerepic was acquainted
with all facts and nevertheless gave the necessary money.
At the end of this trial, Cerepic was sentenced to eight
months' imprisonment and payment of expenses for the trial.
(LA VOCE DTI, POPOLO, March 14, 1952)
REVTTW OF THE SITUATION IN SLOVENE LIBRARIES DURING 1951
The bcok "Slovenske knjiznice 1951" (Slovene Libraries in
1951) was recently published in Ljubljana reviewing the situdion
in public libraries in PR Slovenia during 1951. The book was
edited by the Association of Slovene Librarians. It was pub1i8hed
on the occasion of the jubilee of the Slovene Book, its 400th
,anniverSary.
to be opened in Slovenia
The first library/was founded 700 years atpd by the Franciscans
in Ljubljana where there could be found over 300,000 volumes of
different books including 100 copies of manuscripts and first
printed book6 'published several centuries ago. This library is
now under state auspices. Nine other church libraries have also
been placed under state auspices as cultural monuments.
The largest of all Slovene libraries is that attached to the
university in Ljubljana founded in 1,771 containing some 460,000
volumes of books. It has its own book binding workshop and photo
section. Next to it comes the library of the People's Museum
founded some 130 years ago and having approximately 100,000 books.
In the northern part of Slovenia, the library at Maribor founded
some 50 years ago is of great significance to the cultural develop-
ment of this region.
At the end of this book one can find out that the total num-
ber of scientific and special libraries ameunts to 673 while the
total of public libraries is 1,686. Furthermore, they have
2,500,000 books in all of which two thirds are in scientific
and special libraries.
During the occupation some of these libraries were damaged.
Ever since the number of books has been increased by 139 per
cent. According to data contained in the introductory part of
this review, in 1938 there were 865,000 volumes of books in
libraries in the National Banovina Dravska as compared with
2,167,000 volumes in 1950 with the exception of school libraries.
The majority of new books supplied recently include scientific
books; now obtainable in libraries in Ljubljana. In public libra-
ries there are 561 volumes per 1000 inhabitants.
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Twenty years years ago, a book containing incomplete-data concern-
ing Slovene libraries Was written by Dr. Melita Fivec7Steleo. At
the end of this book., negative factors were listed as follows:
there was no law an libraries, regu1ati6ns.relating.to the edu-
cation and training of librarians, adequate premises, regularly
paid librarians, exchange of books with foreign countries or:a
central catalogue.
An regrds the current situation, a law on libraries is in
preparation, apart from regulations concerning scientific and
special libraries and a law on public libraries. A .special pro-
fession of librarians and archivists has been established. In
1950 there were 34 professional librarians with secondary edt)ca-
tion and 46 with university training. Special examinations must
be taken before a special grade. or promotion, is obtained. Special
courses have been organized for the training of librarians in
charge of public libraries. All libraries have no adequate pre-
mises, but nevertheless they are much better now,than they used
to be 20 years ago. The exchange of books with foreign countries
has been established. The People's and University Libraries take
care of this mostly sending Slovene books abroad and getting in
return valuable foreign publications. The question of a central
catalogue is still Unsolved because there is no credit available
for this purpose.
(SLOVENSKI FCROCEVALEC.,i March 19,1952)
?
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25X1C
SUMMARY OF THE YUGOSLAV PRESS
No.748 INDEX 22nd March, 1952.
P;1. Headlines of Borba of the 22nd mrch
P.2. Headlines of Borba continued
Headlines of Politika of the 22nd March
P.3. Headlines of the provincial press
FROM BORBA OF THE 19TH MARCH
P.4. Party organisations in the struggle against backwardness
(Editorial)
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 19TH MARCH
P.10. Wages in co-operatives (Article)
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 20TH MARCH
P.9. Diversionists in uniform (Editorial)
FROM POLITIKA OF THE 21ST MARCH
P.6. New bus fares
P474
The best Hungarian pupil of the great Stalin (.Editorial)
FROM BORBA OF THE 22ND IL-ROH
*
P.8. Two Yugoslav Notes to Albanian Government
P.I2. Workers' self-sacrifice in extinguishing fire at Gojla
caused by explosion of methane gas
P.13. Rome admits that she organised disorders in Trieste
Assembly of Moslem clergy condemns work of individual priests
P.14. Work of Legislative Committees and of Committee for Economic.
Planning and Finance of the PA of the FPRY
SUPPLEMENT OF TRANSLATIONS FROM THE PROVINCIAL PRESS
FROM VJESNIK OF THE 9TH MARCH
P.a. Episcopal letter from Krk Bishop
FROM OSLOBODJENJE OF THE 8T1 MARCH
P.c. Regarding)! the Calendar "The Good Pastor"
FROM-SLOV'ENSKI POROCEVALEC.OF THE 20TH MARCH
Fe. Publication of new economic review in Slovenia called
Gospodarski Vestnik--
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HEADLINES
bUh64 22nd March, 1952._
P.1. WORK OF CUMMITTEES OF THE PA OF THE FPRY: THREE CO:Mi1/4-ITEES
1IEET : CO1j IT'2.EE FOR ECONMIC PLkNNING AND FINCE,
.1,EGI3LATIVE COMLITTEE FOR THIS SELBLY AND COiiiITTEE FOR
THE PEOPLE'S AUTHORITY
SESsION OF GOVRNMENT OF THE FPRY:
Sessio of Government of 3 & H
Social Plan for Montenegro published for public discussion:
Social Plan for 3 & H published for discussion
YUGOSLAV GOVRNMENT SENDS T.:0 NOTES TO THE ALBANIAN GOVERN-
MENT: -
Citizens of Djakovica protest at provocations of
Albanian Frontier Guards
On monday delegation of French Socialist 2arty,will leaver
Belgrade
MEXICAN AMBASSADOR MAKES'PRESENTATION F1t0M NPTIONiL UNIVERSMY
OF MEXICO TO BELGRADE UNIVERSITY
LETTER FROM TRIESTE: FASCIST DEMONSTRATIONS AN INSTRUMENT
OF ROMEvS FOREIGN POLICY:
WHAT IS HAPPENING WITH REGARD TO IRREDENTIST DEMON-
STRATIONS
*
P.2. ocial Plan for 1952 before People's Assembly of Slovenia
USTRIAN EXHIBITION OPENS IN BELGRADE -
ublication of proposed Social Plan for Croatia
THE VRACTICE OF. LOUL P.,ATY ORGANISATIONS: FIRST SUCCESSES
AND B XPERIENCES OF OPEN- PARTY MEETINGS IN THE. KOSMAJ
DISTRICT
'IOAKERS' SELF-SACRIFICE IN PUTTING OUT FIRE IN GOJLE: FIRE
CAUSED BY EXPLOSION OF METHANE GAS
FRENCH GOVERNMENT'S GIFT TO THE PEOPLE'S LI3RARY IN BELGRADE
ASSEMBLY OF MOSLEM CLERGY CONDEMNS THE WORKOF INDIVIDUAL
PRIESTS
Plenary Session of Co-operative Federation of Slovenia
P.3. T,Jestern Powers' reply to Soviet Note prepared
retter_1rOP4Jaris! 'Schuman and Adenauer reach a compromise
on the. Saar question -
Trygve Lie _offers to China and North &orea
the help of the iorld Health Organisation
Negotiations in Korea: considerable progress achieved at
meeting of officers of general staffs
Serious clash between South African Government and the
opposition (Report from D.Popovic)in London)
Replacement of Hungarian Deputy Minister of Ferrous
Metallurgy: (Tanjug, Vienna)
Replacement of first Vice-President of Governmnt of
the Ukraine (UP, Moscow)
Czechoslovak Government declares?"a_programme of self-
denial" (Undesignated, Vienna)
*
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P.3 ROME ADhITS THAT SHE ORGANISED DISORDERS IN TRIESTE
PROTEST FRON CI PUDISTALA 1.Gi IL ST ATI-YUGOSLAV IRREDENTIST
CAMPPIGN:
ISTRII4J PAIESTS ON THE LIES OF THE FLSCIST SANTIN
BROUGHT BEFORE THE COURT BECAUuE OF A REFUShL TO SERVE
IN FhSCIST ARJAY
IRREDENTISTS CALL STRIKE IN TRIESTE
REGULATIONS OF ..ILIT,R"; Jidi:ISTRLTION JNA ON MOVE-
MENT IN THE FTT
Cominformists in Sicily will attend Municipal Elections
together with iqonarchists
P.4. YUGOSLAV JOURNI.LISTS VISIT .RITISH PARLIAMENT
Meeting of representatives of British Labour Party and
French Socialist Party
Disorders in Tunis continue
Sultan of 1.orrpcco seeks revision of the status of -iorrocco
New Vorkers' Council for the factory i'Rade Koncarn:
In honour of 1,orkers' Council elections miners at
Banovic compile a record of production
Earthquake in Ljsrajevo
First steps in the reorganisrtion of passive cooperatives
in Serbia
*
Vote of confidence in the Plastiras Government."
US Government seeks to stop publication of Polish EMbassy_
Bulletin in Washington
Decisions of Sub-Committee for Freedom of the Press and
Information
CONSTRUCTION OF A NUMB6R OF BOATS FOR COASTAL NAVIGATION
*
POLITIKA
P.1. Rome confesses (brief editorial onRome's part in Trieste
disorders).
ELACKMAIL (Brief editorial on provocations)
Education and amusement of young people: a mother's obser-
vation (Article by Drags Urosevic)
p.3. Success of the Novi Sad: Sample Fair: much business done:
the only pity is that there are not more. exhibits
P.4. Former member of Ustashi, deserter and _murderer, sentenced.
to death: sentence passed on i..iroslav Knezevic yesterday
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' ?3?
SLOVENSKI POPOCEVALEC
March 20, 1962.
P.3. Problems affecting our machine constructing industry.
Construction of new bridges over the Sava and near Gornja
Radgona.
P.4. Publication of a new economic review in Slovenia entitled
"Gospodarski Vestnik". -
*
P,6. American books for Sarajevo University.
P.1.
P.3.
March 21, 1952.
Meeting of the Republica& Federation of Peasant Co?opera?
tives of Slovenia.
NOVA MAKEDONIJA
March 18, 1952.
Overcoming of malaria in Macedonia.
? LA VOCE DEL POPOLO
'March 19, -1952.
?.2. Launching of newships by the shipyard 'rScoglio Olivi?
in P1a,

Ve
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PA.TY OUGANIZATIJNS IN THE STRUGGLE AGAIPST LCKILRDNESS
We have just recently received tw) letters from our correspondents
in the districts of Bosanska Krupa and Cazin in 13.)snia. In Writing ,.
about the political situation in those tw) districts, about the work of
Party organizati)ns and about other current problems, our correspondents
mention a very interesting occurrence which is not a new one but which
demands that something be written about it. Our correspondents write
that in those two districts at Party meetings and conferences of the..
People's Front there had been talk about an intensified "activity" of
various quack doctors, fortunetellers, etc., wh) are simply plunering
credulous peorlc. One Pepe Gaka from the village of Gudavac has in, a
very clev.q- way been plundering people by tellin them that hecan cure
them,and it is really very strange, or a case of lack of vigilance on
the part of the agencies of authority and the mass )rganizations, that
this swindler has not boon stopped in his w)rk and exemplary punished.
In Cazin, Moslem priest Husejin Husic has been charging his patients
as much as 2,600 dinars for a "cure" for nervous disorders, etc.
Tho )ccurrence is neither new, nor unusual. There are similar ones
in vari)us parts of our country but they vary in form in various places;
some places they take the f)rm of "blessing houses by priests", shutting
up of girls in h)mes in s)me of the Shquiretar districts of Macedonia,
and such backward customs. All these occurrences stem from:inherited
habits which we c-innot easily get rid of desrite all the measures which
have been undertaken 2nd which are still being undertaken. This situ-
ation is, however, being exploited by various elements Who like to earn
m)ney in an easy- way and to live at othor peoples' expense. Therof)re,
it is necessary to see whether )ur Party organizations, with the help
of educational- w)rkers and. cultural societies, are combating such
occurrences--i.e. whether they have detected in them a real danger_
against which an intensive political and cultural struggle must be.
fought. Political struggle must be fou-ht just iThr the rens)n'that
various Moslem and Chri6tian rricsts are preventing people fr-m making
use of cultural achievements, and whenever any iiirlsurc is tkon against
them they straight away cry out: "An attack against religion".
Judging from reports received from Bosanska Drupa and Cazin as well as
from reports received from elsewhere, it arrears th-t sm.() of the Party
organizations live not detected in such occurrences, ani generally in
the cultural backwardness )f a segment .f )ur re)ple, the groat hindrance
which exists )n the road of socialist rec)nstruction ef our homeland.
It is for this ras)n that they hove n)t realize), the fact that the
struggle against backwardness and against all th ;se negtive occurrences
which stem from it is a task which Must not be neglected.
It is a duty of the Communists t) elevate themselves and at the
same time to elevate others politically and ideAogically. Can there
be any success in this in thlse villages in which pe)ple believe that
both good and bal oome from God, that God's will is expressed in every-
thing, that f),Jtu el:oilers, quack doctors, reactionary Christian and
Moslem-priests, e. are the .71-.eatest medical "Authorities"? If the
Communists du 7ht with all the means at their crlimand and with
full determinn a1Lo free people fro-I such concepts, in order to free
them from such wv of life whiCh various elements are trying to maintain
and continue becaumo they live on them, then it will not be easy for
these of our men to realize the idea of building up a better and
harrier life in socialism; it will be much more lifficult to explain to
them the various measures which we are undertaking in that respect; they
will always remain en the same low level--which will always be a serious
obstacle on the way to activation of men for the sdving, of various
tasks of socialist buildup.
For this reason an all-round, well organized cultural and educa-
tional 14-)rk is of primary importance. It is clear that the Party
organizations and Communists by themselves will not be able to do much
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if they do not mobilize for this a large number )f people; in the first
place educati)nal workers and after them all those literate and more
cultured peasants wh) live in our villap.es. Those fore s will neverthe-
less often be insufficient and heir must be sought from vari)us organiza-
tions which exist in the towns and whose duty it is to lend help to the
countryside. This last year our drmy, and nti-Fascist Jomen's Front
(AFZ) and the Rod Cross organized in the most backward districts of our
country a large number of activities for hygienic elucatin of re)ple,
activities which at the same time also had a political and cultural-
educational character. Those activities yielded excellent r.-sults
because they helped a lot toward the liquidation if various backward
customs, quackery and harmful superstitions and concepts. The
activities will be organized this year also so that the Party ?organiza-
tions will get precious help in their struggle.
It is not necessary to emphasize here how much Communists must be
in the forefront of this strugFlp and an example to oth rs. If
Communists do not rid themselves of various negative superstitions
if they themselves are not sufficiently energetic in developing a
habit of hygienic and cultured life--and such cases unfortunately still
exist in some of )ur villages?then they will not be able to influence
)thers; on the contrary, by such an attitude on their part, by such
habits and by such a way of life, they will be a bad example to othersi
Strugrle a7ainst backwardness must nevf)r be neglected or under-
rated. The Party organizations must always understand that very often
they must start from this in order that in the work )n p)litical
elev:ti)n and cultural educatiin of the reiple--particularly in the
backward regi)ns Ai our country--satisfact)ry results can be achieved.
(editorial)
(BORBA - 19th Parch, 1952)
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NEW BUS FRES FOR TA-jELS FRUk. OIE FL:,CE TO ANOTHER
New passenger fares on buses in Serbia are fixed according to the
number of kilometres covered and rano fr)m 40 to 500 dinars. The now
tiff will .7.3 into effect on Ifiarrh 25. ficc)rdin7 to it, farcs for a
-lince of up to 3 kilometreS will be 40 ,.U.nars; up to 20 kilometres,
110 Jinars; up to 40 kilomtres, 250 dinars; up to 50 kilometres, 260
dinars, etc. Fare for a distance of 110 kilometres will be 600 dinars
and 20 dinars for every further 4 kilometres. Under the new tariff
charges for transp)rtation of 1u7gage will be fifty percent cheaper
than heretof)re.
an is entitled to free transrortation
Under the now tariff for passen7vrs, the following will be
entitled to free trinsportation )n buses running betwen various places
bearers .).f the "Pe)ple's Hero" maTtal and the Pel-le's Deputies in the
Federal Assembly and in the Assembly of 3erbia. The bearers of the
"Karadjordje Star" with sw)rds and the bearers )f the "White Eagle"
with swords will be entitled to free-transportation mly in cases When
they are sent by state health institutims for medical tr.2atment. The
disabled war veterans will be entitied.to free transportation (only in
excorti)nal cases) as well r5 children under fair ycars f age.
Children frim 4 tJ 10 years of a,,e will Irme to pay 507 of the fare.
Other privileges
Regular .stulents and Turns of element,,ry and secondary sch)ols
will be able t) buy monthly tickets with 75r:; reduction--this only in
case their schopls,have no )thr r:::ular transportation.
Workers and employees of state oconmic enterprises and institu-
tions, as well as all other rers)ns wh) are entitled to reduced fares
)n railways and sci?, and river vessels, when g'ing on annual leave will
be entitled to 75% .mduction in bus faros. T) this 75% reduction
the bearrs of the "Partizan 3,uvenir leclal", the bearers of the "Kara-
dj)rdje Star" with swords and the bearers ,f the "White Eagle" with
swords will be entitled for an unlimited numbr of trirs. The disabled
war veterans will be entitled to the same-r-Ailcti)n three times a year
(there and back).
For transportation of excursi)n, rhysical culture, theatrical and
cultural-artistic ..7)ups, as well as roorle's- FrInf, Y uth and ythor
w)rkinr brigades and also visit)rs to various exhibiti)ns and
the bus enterprise will naturally special rluctins in faros
ccc )riing tT., pos sibilitics. (Tan jug)
(POLITIKA - 21st IYarch, 1952)
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"THE BEST HUNGARIAN PUPIL OF THE GREAT STALINiv
A 171.1eTt time ago the .6Ct1i annive ore ry of the "best son of Hungary" Madjas
Rakoe.:. was ruwdv fushion n Hungar7. ?
On. thla Rovaj wrote 8f:1 article about Rakosi in the official
L5e:ad t;:le welt. as its contents, illrstrates
te ne:i:'Fcn,,lity of .fte nan wl.%c fremvof the tyrannical reg,i= in
eeer Hany and fo-f.-n enslaire:%ont:, has the .J,,--:ader of %11 anti-
national. regime and the ne,in support of fcaeign domination in hfa ccuntry after
the war.
Revaj says that Rakosi's main merit is because he has remained true to Stalin:
hut ' in Order that one should net .;'Ihink that this is only Rakosi's
merit, Revaj forrulates tkras.his preee "In,Madjas. .Rakosi is most clearly
and most e7nrosied hs faith in the SpViet Union, in the teachings of
Lonin-2talin) thaL which we, his eomxede and -eupils - fighting through genera-
tens tog,ether with him ard uner hL?. l.0.7:Wevhin, triad to make our main objec-
tJve of onr ork with the fae.:7:ri and b:leed of our, narW''5, and he goes on to say;
I'Madjas Rekosynd bother 1,t111 ii ba a of 17;?7;.7 are Finn,7arian Communiets and at
the same tine we are both. Hungarian SoY:tet ,2atricts".
RtA03i1S second merf.t is because be .'nt 15 years in the prisons of Admiral
Horthy, and then set free by Hosccw'e inarvontion, he went to the USSR where
he "foue-cit and prepared the party and the people for the liberation of their
hoTfteando Revaj does not say how Rakosi fought and what he did except
clee;')_e 7adio proclamations and radio appeals to revolt, for the preparing for
beeause thle sentence he speaks about the
liberation ofcc 'i by :rlth troops and the tan-It; over of authority. The
matter is vee e;:plained later iii the arcaclo where Revaj says the following:
"Coyrado Racsd k.,ew thst The dariub Union would be veteri.ous under the
leadership of (7celede ? oon that after the viorry crier Fascism
a new rovolutiol,arv tidolave wee o begin, he knew that -eon the hr-..ir would
c(ne for the l:bcra of the .1L'arihn pcople ales, which is oppreed by
the enemy and tveaonery, He was prenartng for the great tasks in the future".
Ceetinning to eak about Rakosi's merits, Revaj had to confess that the
ReTe,lenI troops not only liberated Hungary, for which he expresses once more
eternal Eeeeefullness but also that the present rulers of Hungary received
the power firm the hands of the liberators (read occupier) and that the
reu;'Jme err Ii exist because it had. the armed sUp;-:ort of the Soviet Army.
Hew ocuL have othe:wf,,3e hionaned with a cou:,iFy which72ri-oipated actively
an tne Ftr4ggle ac.,ainst the W;a on the side of Hitler, in a country where
liberation actions were sporadic and led often not by communists but by demo-
crats - patriots, where the CP did not lead the revolutionary, mass liberation
struggle, during which the CP in the front ranks of the workers would gain the
masses for the liberation and destruction of capitalism - allies of the occupier,
as was the case in our coUntry2
Revaj toasts that Rakcsi and the OP of Hungary liquidated the Social
Democrats and the party of small landowners and he wonders: "How did we succeed
in doing all this?" . The fact is that the Hungarian Party and its leadership,
which did not have particular support amongst the masses, have never been
capable of breaking up the Social Democrats and theA3arty of small landowners if
there were .ne Soviet armed forces in the ceuntry; a regime of terror and
physical extermination of political opponents. Revaj forgets that he-has
established that this happened for the sole reason that the Russian Army was in
the country: and conseqiently says that the merit for the victory of the
Hungarian Party belongs "to our just policy and because we protected the
interests of the people". How these "Soviet-Hungarian patriots" protected and
are protecting the interests of the Hungarian people is a fact well known to
everyone. According to Revaj, Rakosi is especially meritorious becauae-he
gradually brmaght ljungary to."people's democracy". And this happened "thahks
to the tactical skill of Comrade RakoSi". This tactical skill consisted of
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course of exploiting the presence of Soviet bayonets as the most powerful
maps cpf. .political persuasion of the masses and enemies of the regime.
And thus, "began a new epoch in the Hungarian history - an epoch of true
national and people's freedem, the epoch, of Socialism. This new epoch is
inseparable from the work, from the leadership of the pR rty by Madjas Rakosil
the best Hungarian pupil of the Great Stalin".
In this new epoch in the life of the Hungarian people, Madjas Rakosi and his
men represent foreign 'domination and a merciless exploitation Which they cannot
hide by any nice words, with no pseudo-Marxist phrases. And each foreign
domination and the forcing upon people cf a regime from above, without the
participation of the messes and without the support of the masses, leads to
Elavery and not to freedcmwhen this is :done primarily under the mask of
building scoialism,when it is attempted to cheat the masses of worker 'S in that
which- they feel as their most intimate- interest and most deep yearnings.
(POLITIKA -21st March, 1952).
TWO YUGOSLAV NOTES TO THE ALBANIAN GCn'ERN
The Yugoslav Leeation in Budapest presented two Notes
to the Albanian Legation in Hungary in which the Yugoslav government
3rotests tmainst ' provocation organized by the Albanian
frontier agents, which took Place on the Yu,,oslav-Albanian
border on the 15th and 17th Lerch 1952.
The first Note explains the incident of Piarch 15, when
a Yugoslav border patrol 200 metres deep within the Yucoslav
territory came upon an Albanian ambush, from where fire was
opened and the Yugoslav border 1.1ard Llobodan Radosavljevic
was wounded in the head. The Note says that the penetration
of Albanian frontier guards into Yugoslav territory and the
setting up of the ambush,as well as opening fire from immediate
distance on the Yugosalv patrol and the opening of fire from
the Albanian territory, in order to protect the withdrawal,of
the Albanian ambush, prove that this armed provocation was
premeditated for a dafinite objective. The Yugoslav government
protest against the wounding of the Yugoslav border guard and
against the flagrant violation of the Yugoslav territory and
demands that the Albanian government should stop with organizing
and proloking armed incident on the Yugoslav-Albanian border.
At the same time the Yugoslav government demands that the Albanian
,,overnment should call to book and punish severely the culprits
of this irovocation and to pay to the wounded Yugoslav frontier
guard 200,000 dinars as compensation.
In the second Note the Yugoslav government protests
because of the incident on ',larch 17th when a group of three
Albanian soldiers also 200 metres deep within the Yugoslav
territory fired at a Yugoslav border petrol. The Yugoslav
frontier }lards returned the fire and killed one of the Albanian
651diers while the other two withdrew to Albanian territory.
Protestin energetically because of this organized infiltration
of Albanian agents in Yugoslav territory for subversive activi-
ties, the Note demands that the Albanian government should
undertake measures to prevent such rctivitees of its agents
towards Yo oslavie.
? (BORBA - 22 March, 1952)
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DTVgRSIONISTS IN UNIFORM
On the night of the fifteenth of March, on the Yugoslav-
Albanian frontier another of our frontier guards was wounded.
According to the communique issued on the following day, it
seemed as if the question was about an usual provocation of
cominformist armed forces, to which - however it sounds strange
we are accustomed.... Last nirtht, runs the communique -
Albanian frontier guards attacked lying in ambush a Yugoslav
frontier patrol....200 metres within the Yugoslav territory....
wounding the frontier guard Slobodan Radosavljevic The name
of this and all our other frontier guards will be written in the
history of the struggle of our people for independence while
the incident, the wounding of .our man, the cruelty of cominformists
will surely have its place in the annals of international crimes.
But, only two days after another communique was published
in our press. _Again brief and dull, as the communique of that
kind can be: "On the 17th of March at 5:20, in the border area,
1.1 kilometre north, of the village Suhodin, 100 metres from
the place where our frontier guard Slobodan Hadosavljevic was
wounded on the 15th of March, three unidentified persons
coming deep from the Yugoslav territory....came upon the 'Yugoslav
patrol':. Our patrol opened fire. One person wearing the uniform
of an Albanian soldier, without any identity card with him, but
with a german rifle?100 rounds of ammunition and a British hand
grenade - was killed. The two other men escaped.
There is something new in this latest communique. In
the first place, this new incident occurred only 100 metres
from the place where two days before Radosavljevic was wounded.
Then, there is a small number of those who realized that this
incident deals with a.group of Albanians who were coming, as
the official communique puts: "deep from the Yugoslav territory!,
Hence, .it was not an usual opening of fire in the direction of
our patrols or some short time action of a smaller or greater
formation of Albanian frontier rellards. No documents were found
with the killed Albanian but it could be presumed, connecting these
two incidents, that it is about a planned, subversive action which
the Albanian patrol had tp protect. This did not last for a
long time and this thesis waS,abSolutely confirmed, because
Peasants from the surrounding villages recognized in the killed
Albanian, Who wore the uniform of an Albanian soldier, the well-
known bandit Veli'Sali, Albanian citizen from the village of
Gorica in the Scutari district. The patrol which helped the
diversionists to cross into Yugoslavia was thrown back from our
territory before it succeeded to contaet them. The diversionists
who somewhere on our territory perhaps tried to carry out their
task were left without cover, The unsuccessful result of the
Albanian patrol was alsothe failure of the diversinists.
If this case does not introduce a novelty in the method,
it at least confirms a practice, expressed in mild words, that is
not permissible in the relations between two countries. Because,
just .these examples point to narrow and beforehand planned '
connection between the Albanian frontier guards and the subversive
bands to which the.Albanian army enables and assists in crossing
into Yugoslavia and is covering their retreat with armed escorts.
(POLITIKA - 20 March, 1952)
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WAGES IN COOPERATIVES
The Federal Government's regulation on wages and salaries in
economy was published a few, days ago, and very soon 'Iowa regulation
on wages and salaries in-state administration will be issued.
In conformity with these. regulations, it will be necessary to
elaborate a system of wages and salaries with other realms. We are
particularly interested here in the system of pays in our cooperatives
and cooperative organisations We consider that in principle the
system of pays in the. cooperatives and cooperative organisations should
correspond to the system existing for economic enterprises and for
state administration with certain exceptions or specific features which
characterize a'cooperative as an organisation and a cooperative federa-
tion as an association of cooperitives. These particular features need
not be manifested in the method of classification of callings nor in
the amounts of pays of workers and employees in the cooperatives and
cooperative organisations but rather in the. method of forming the wage
fund or the fund of earnings, and in the system of Making contracts in
the cooperatives in lieu of the Tariff Rules which exist in the:
economic enterprises. Moreover, it is necessary to mention here that
the system of earnings of the members in the peasant werking coopera-
tives and in the fishing. cooperatives in which all the production
instruments are invested aecording to the ..same principle as in the
peasant working cooperatives, as well as in the-handicraft producer-
service cooperatives, will be somewhat different from the system in the
economic enterprises so that therefore the question arises of the
guaranteed minimum of earnings of the members of .the cooperatives.
In order that the matter can be clearer, we shall have to deal here
particularly with the particular form of cooperativesas well' as With
the question of the cooperative associations and similar cooperative
institutions.
The wage fund of the members of the cooperativesas well as of the
workers and employees in the peasant working cooperatives is formed by
dividing the total planned revenue of the cooperatives into -a fund of
earnings of the members of the cooperatives and accumulation and funds,
the amount of Which is fixed for individual sections by the Chief
Association of Cooperatives of the respective people's republic in
agreement with the Council for Agriculture and Forestry of the same
republic. In this way the planned fund of earnings of the workers,
employees and members of the peasant working cooperatives is ensured,
while for exceeding the production plan and for making of savings in
expenditures there is formed a supplementary part of the earnings of
the members of the cooperatives and of the workers and employees in the
peasant working cooperatives. The general meetings of the cooperatives
decide on the question of participation by the members of the coopera-
tives in the exceeding of the production plan and in the savings in
materials and other expenses. If, however;npreduction plan is not ful-
filled or if fixed amounts of expenses on materials are exceeded, then
this is borne by the fund of earnings of the workers, employees and
members of the cooperatives as a whole or individually according to
what the general meeting of the cooperatives decides.
No doubt the question of the formation of the fund of earnings of
the workers, employees and members of the fishing cooperatives will be
1)1used upon the same principles.
In our opinion the cooperatives should make an internal tariff of
wages, salaries and earnings whichTAroutai have to be adopted by the general
meeting of the cooperatives. This ruiewould apply only to the coopera-
tive members, whereas the workers and employees would have to make
individual or collective contracts. Should the workers and employees
agree that the question of their earnings be regulated by such rules,
then in our opinion that method should be applied, particularly if the
workers and employees are permanent cooperators in the work of the
cooperative and possible wish. to become its...members
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The quOstion of guaranteeing the minimum earnings of the members
of the cooperatives is a matter to be solved by the cooperatives them-
selves or by the general meetings. But in any case, a cooperative as
an economic enterprise should guarantee at least fifty percent of the
planned earnings of a member of the cooperative, and in the case of the
workers and employees it should guarantee the minimum earning specified
in the mentioned regulation on workers and employees in economic enter-
prises.
The earnings of the workers and employees in the general-type agri-
cultural cooperatives and in other similar types of cooperatives should
correspond to the earnings in the similar economic enterprises, and the
cooperative should be obligated to guarantee the prescribed minimum of
earnings which in the case in the less-developed cooperatives should
amount up to twenty-five percent less than the minimum envisaged for
the economic (state) enterprises The commission attached to the social
welfare agency of the people's committee should decide in the case of
which cooperetiVes there could be departures from this rule. The
question of the formation of the total fund of earnings of the workers
and employees in thb general-type agricultural cooper-tives and in
similar type cooperatives would be solved in such way that in the
making of the calculations of the production costs and of service ex-
penses there should be envisaged a fund of earnings of the workers and
employees which should correspond to the amount of earnings of the
workers and employees stemming from individual or collective agreement
concluded between the Fanaging Board of the cooperative and the members
of the working collective in the cooperative. Consequently, if the
production plan is fulfilled, then the fund of earnings of the workers
and employees would also be met. Should, however, the production plan
not be fulfilled, then the fund of earnings of the workers and em-
ployees would accordingly be reduced?however, never going below the
envisaged minimum of guaranteed earnings. Should the production plan
be exceeded or a saving in the expenditure of material be made, then
a fixed percentage, determined by the general meeting of the cooperative,
would be deposited into the fund of earnings of the workers and employees
and these would then independently decide on sharing it.
The system of wages in the cooperative economic enterprises should
as a rule correspond to the system introduced for other economic enter-
prises.
The pays in the associations of cooperatives and in similar eooper-
ative institutions should correspond to the system of pays in state
institutions. In connection with this, the Chief Federation of Cooper-
atives is preparing a regulation to be issued by the Federal Government
which should solve the questions of principle relating to the system of
pays in the cooperatives. The Chief Federation of Cooperatives is also
preparing its resolutions and instructions for solving in detail the
question of pays in the associations of cooperatives and in similar
institutions.
One can see from this that the cooperatives and cooper-tive organ-
isations are faced with serious tasks which will have to be quickly
solved in order that the members of the cooperatives as well as the
workers and other employees in them and in the cooperative organisations
can soon switch over to the now system of pays. It is also necessary
to mention that particularly in the cooperatives there will be a number
of jobs on which temporary and seasonal workers and employees will be
engaged and whose pays will be determined by contracts between coopera-
tives and the respective workers and employees. This applies particularly
to those jobsitrs on which full capacity of working time is not utilized.
(sgd) Ljubo Mijatovic
(POLITIKA - 19th March, 1952)
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WORKERS'SELF-SACRIFICE IN PUTTING OUT THE FIRE AT GOJLA:
FIRE CAUSED BY EXPLOSION OF METHANE GAS
TZagreb, March 21)
During the fire which yesterday suddenly broke out
in an oil-well on the Mramor Brdo at Golja, few workers with
great self-sacrifice succeeded to control the fire and save
the enterprise from a greater loss. The fire broke out, as
it is believed, because of the sudden outpouring of methane,
which was set on fire from a spark, causing an explosion.
Immediately after this a thirty meter flame broke out, which
tended to spread on other gushers and barracks.
Before the fire brigades from Kutine And Zagreb
reached the place, whose intervention is usually prompt, the
worker Ivan Sebalj, with other three of his friends, jumped'
into the flames, exposing his life to danger, and succeeding
to switch off the pipe line and so prevented the spreading.
of fire, All four workers were seriously 'burnt and taken to
hospital:
It was established that the enterprise at Gojla
carried ,out insufficient protective measures on the oil field,
If tne workers have not displayed calmness and self-sacrifice
the damage would have been considerably larger.
(BORBA,. :March 22, 1952)
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ROME ADMITS THAT SHE ORGANIZED DISORDERS IN TRIESTE
The'newspeper agency niSAL, as reported by the AFP has
published from Rome that"tirtles near to the Italian government
regret that incidents occurred in Trieste because of the mistake
of the Civil Police, which might be interpreted as a conflict
with the Allied Command 3 although the manifestations represented
protests against intentions of the Yugoslav government..."
These incidents occurred during demonstrations which were
organized by irredentist, fascist end cominform anti-Yugoslav
grQups in Trieste on the occasion of the fourth anniversary of
the so-called Tripartite Declaration. The objective of the
demonstration was to revive this Declaration which hes been outlived
by events and time..
The
The very fact that Radio Rome broadcast the course of this
wild tricolore and black shirt harangue in' the Trieste streets,
is sufficient for itself to expose the origin of the author and
organizer of these anti-Yugos1Pv demonstrations. That,official
Rome is in fact the centre from where are spread such and similar
actions, in Italy or in Zone "A" of the FTT 1 many other indications
and proofs exist (connections of many irredentist organizations
with the Italian government etc.). tit, the regret which the Italian
government ex2ressed to the Allied Command in Trieste, namely that
it has taken publically under its patronage this irredentist mob,
represents its own public confession of the fact, that Palazzo
Chiggi is in fact the one, who ecntrf--- to cli its obliratiOns
and provisions of international character, which it must respect,
organizes directly campaigns against Yuoslal,ia both in Italy and in
Trieste.
Such interference and action of official Rome circles
against a neighbouring country are nowhere neer to relations which
are in usage in international life. It shows also where the
hindrance lies for appeasement of spirits and where in an
artificial way disagreements and intolerance towards neighbouring
Yugoslavia is incited.
(BORBA -22 March, 1952)
ASSEMBLIES OF MOSLEM CLERGY CONDEMN-THE WORK OF INDIVIDUAL MOSLEM
RIESTS
(Tuzla 21 March)
The Association of Moslem Religious Employees in the
Tuzla Region has undertaken measures against detrimental and hostile
activities of some of the Moslem priests in this Region of Bosnia,
In Tuzla, Zvornik and other districts assemblies of Moslem priests
condemned the work of the individual priests and
demanded that they should be deprived of the right of religious
practice. The damaging work of the Mcslem priests has been branded
also by PF or,anizetions at their conferences.
Misusin6 the religious ?631 -, individual Eoslem priests
in the Tuzla region spread superstition ane. quackery. Some of them
occupied themselves with fortune and coffee reading, while
others heal the ailing taking money from simple people. The Moslem
priest Meldzib Omero\ic from the village Kusonja in the Zvornik
district takes money for "a talk" with the dead from their relations.
The Moslem priest Hamid Kabric from Vogosca earned 30,000 diners
from superstitious peoJle,. Another priest Salih Menjulic from
PreoniPerWremtF 2tr,fteai.VP/2fflifvoplix-weq9Itivt41/3.Rothi 2J1014 MOO-Who hoped
that the priest with his black magic might recover his stolen
100.000 dinars,
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Comrade Blajko Begovic then replied to some questions put to him
by the People's Deputies Radivoje Davidovic, Voja Lekovic, Rista
Antunovic and Ljubo Babic, and then he road a letter sent by the
Federal Government to the Councils of the People's Assembly of the
FPRY transmitting for their discussion the draft budget of the FPRY
for 1952 and the draft law on the general state b,lancc sheet for
1950,
The yesterday's joint meeting was thereby cmcluded. Today at
five in the afternoon the Committees for Economic Plan and Finances
will meet in separate sessions.
* * *
DR. LEO GERSKOVIC EXPLAINS THE DRAFT OF THE GELeRAL LA ON PEOPLE'S
COWITTEES
The Committee for People's Authority of the People's Assembly of
the FPRY met yesterday evening under the chairmanship of Velimir
Stojnitc.! When he opened the meeting, Chairman Stojnic mentioned that
the Federal Government had submitted to the People's Assembly the
draft of the General Law on People's Committees for its debate and
adoption and that the draft of this law should be debated in the
Committee for People's Authority. The Chairman then called to the floor
People's Deputy Leo Gerskovic, Secretary of the Committee.
In opening the general debate on the draft of the General Law
on People's Committees, Dr. Gerskovic pointed out certain most-important
elements in the proposed organisatien of people's committees.
Speaking about the draft of the General Law on People's Committees
Dr. Gerskovic said that this was our third law on the same subject.
This law will be a general one, a Federal law and the republics will
on the basis of the principles set out in it frame their own laws,
"This in effect will be a law of principles." 'Ihe speaker then said
that the basic novelty in this law is the question of composition of
a people's committee. The former People's Committees had only their
plenums, while in this law there appears also a Council of Producers--
that is to say, there is being introduced a two-huse system.
Dr. Gerskovic said that the introduction of the Council of
Producers will be useful because all the enterprises will. be represented
on it, and not only the local enterprises, SD thet the people's
committees will have a possibility t) fight for the development of the
entire economy on their respective territories.
The speaker then mentianed that the second important novelty in
the law is the abolition oPhExecutive Committee. In our former system
the Executive Committee was certainly indispensably necessary. One
should nat presume that the existence of the Executive Committee was
a wrong institution. However, the Executive Committee, such as it
existed, was not in conformity with the development of socialist
society and of state administration in the period of building-up of
socialism while the state still exists. We are heading for a system
in which the real people's representive bodies will directly administer
the agencies of state administration and exercise direct control over
them.
In the draft law which we have here before us, councils in lieu
of executive committees are introduced. A realm of state administration
will be administered by a council composed of people's councilmen and
other citizens who possess sufficient ideas, ability and will to
occupy themselves with affairs of a specific realm. The introduction
of councils into our system of state administration means, in the first
place more responsibility for the people's committee itself--for the
Assembly and the Council of Producers.
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Comrade Gerskovic then spoke about the possibility of this
system becoming a bureaucratic one and emphasized that our new system
of people's authority will function well only if the.Machinery of
administration of people's committees is sufficiently professional,
if it strictly abides by laws and if the procedure in it is always
inspired by our truly socialist democracy: and by the struggle for
full legality and protection of the rights of our Citizens..
After a short recess, a debate on the draft of the General Law
on People's Committes was opened.
After Dr. Leo Gerskovic, the following Pevle's Deputies took
part in the debate: France Lubej, Joza rilivojovic, Brana Jevremovic,
Narko Nikezic, Janez Kocevar and others.
* * *
EXPANSION OF JURISDICTION OF REGIONAL COURTS IN TRYING MAYON LAW CASES
The Legislative Committee of the Feciral Council.yesterday
afternoon dealt with the draft law amending and supplementing the Law
on Organisation of People's Courts.
The changes which are proposed relate to the expansion of the
jurisdiction of Regional Courts for trying in the first instance
common lai cases. According to the legal provisions which are now
in force, the Regional Courts have jurisdiction for trying cases in
the first instance in a very limited number. However, today, when
the number of Regional Courts is considerably lar-eer, it is necessary
to expand the jurisdiction of the Regional Courts. It is also
important that by expansion of the jurisdiction of Regional Courts for
trying in the first instance common law cases, the jurisdiction of the
Supreme Courts of the Republics for considering cases in the second
instance is also expanded; uniformity of judicial practice is hereby
achieved.
On the proposal of Dr. Jerko Radmilovic,.wh) is a member of the
committee, a change in the first A.eticle was adopted. According to
this change, the District Courts will have jurisdiction over cases of
identification of fatherhood. Dr. Radmilovic was in favour of this
because he considers that the District Courts are closer to the people
and that at least for the time being the District Courts should
decide such cases. The committee agreed with the proposal and after
that adopted the other Articles of the draft.
The Draft Law Amending and Supplementing the Law on Mitary
Disciplinary Courts was then adopted with minor changes. The most
important changes are that regulations on military discipline as well
as regulations governing the military disciplinary courts for trying
NCOs will be issued by the Supreme Commander of the Government of the
FPRY rather than by the.Government of the FPRY, as has been the case
until now.
- Finally the Draft Law Amending Article XI ofthe Law on Adoption
was debated.
The Legislative Committee of the Council of Nationalities has
started debating on the Draft Law on Preclanati)n of Yissing Persons
as Dead. After the general debate, debate paragraph by paragraph was
(FOLITIKA - 22nd Narch, 195.2)
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EPISCOPAL LETTERFRONTHE KRK BIShOP JOSIP
Herewith we would like to refer to the episcopal letter from
the Bishop Josip Srebrnic recently forwarded to the clergy and
the believers, parents in the first place. Naturally, there would
be no need to refer to this letter at all if the Bishop Srebrnic
had applied to the people taking care of religious matters only.
This should be specially emphasized because one can with certaltty
know in advance that among the clergy there will be some of them
who will claim that the church is being attacked in our country,
the clergy slandered etc. We are doing this not because of them
, but because of other people, In this connection we shall as usual
when we speak about the hostile activity of one part of the Catholic
clergy give facts.
This latest Episcopal Letter from the Krk Bishop Srebrnic was
not produced incidentally. There are good reasons why it was written
and distributed at this particular time. Following the decision
that religious instruction is no longer to be conducted in schools
but only in the churches, Srebrnic hurried up to apply to the parents
dissembling his threats by hypocritical piousness and thoughtfulness,
at the same time expressing his hostile attitude towards the people's
authority and the social order in our country. The Bishop probably
took much trouble in writing such a letter endeavouring, according
to his own opinion, to exprebs his thoughts and feelings with the
object of alarming the people about something which he intentionably
rubricate&
Following the usual lines he affirmed in his letter that the
church is in our country subject to attacks under various excuses
by those who believe that "temporal pleasures" are the only object
in life.0 sing slanders, lies and distortion of facts he Nrcte about
alleged attacks on the church. The same Bishop does not hesitate
even to intimidate the people. One could ask him what did he mean
when he said in his letter "we cannot allow all that". What
i does he intend "to prohibit"?. Whom is he going to prevent
from telling the truth about all those including himself who would
like to undermine all the achievements attained by our people by
their hostile activity. If the text of an Episcopal Letter as is the
case with this one, is filled with attacks on the people's authority,
if it deals with the opinion of the people by threatening them, if
it propagates oppression - then such a letter does not deal with
religious matter exclusively but also deals with those questions
for the tolution of which our peoples have already sactified so much.
The Bishop Srebrnic is very much concerned about the religious
education of the children because "of such a,difficult situation of
the church". The letter was aimed at the abuse of the aPplication
of the principle of separation of the church from the state. It was
further intended to create a kind of a problem which might according
to requirements be extended and exaggerated. The reaults of these
intentions could by no means be useful to our peoples. The author
of this letter suggested to the parents that they are concerned about
the religious instruction of their children because their children
are exposed to a danger, they are prevented from going to the church,
they are beim; told that the man does not come from God but from ape,
etc.
In one of the paragraphs of this letter the Bishop referred to
the education of the youth in connection with the commandment "Thou
shalt not commit adultery". According to Srebrnic's opinion the boys
and girls "educated in such a manner" consider that they are entitled
to enjoyment while they are young. This part of the letter reminds
us of some clergymen from the diocese of this same Bishop who encouraged
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some young young girls to make love with young boys in order to persuade
them to leave youth organizq.tions. Such an action is in advance .
bound to fail if somebodY/gpeaks in the name of moral conduct
at the same time protects similar methods.
Srebrnic perhaps failed to think it well over what the parents'
reaction to his letter will be like. Therefore he could include in
it a number of threats such as it will be difficult for those who
fail to baptise their childrento call upon parents to defend
the religious instruction of their children( .what for to defeni it?)
and to instruct them how to reject the attempts by"those" who intend
to interfere with the education of their own children.
According to the decision by the people's authority that
religious instruction is to be conducted in the church and not in
the school, it is entirely up to the parents to decide whether
they are going to send their children to church or not ,and nobody
is allowed to abuse the democracy introduced in all spheres of life
in our country. On the basis of this letter one can realize what
kind of pressure Srebrnic and some other clergymen are and would
like to exercise, attributing the methods cf threat and pressure
to the peoples authority although they are applying them using
slanders in an attempt to deny "slanders".
It might be useful to say a few words about the Bishop Srebrnic
in this connection. AS a result one could better realize the back-
ground of this letter and the transpareLes of his intentions.
The Bishop Srebrnic did not begin his anti-national activity
recently. This is only the continuation of his work carried out
during the war when he was a keen and open enemy who by all means
intended to undermine the struggle of the people against the Italian
and other ocCupiers in the Slovene Littoral. As early as then he
exersized pressure upon the clergy and other people who collaborated
with the partisans. In one of his letters of October 17, 1944, he
referred to the clergymen whose "names were mentioned in connection
with a committee or a section or an association of the so-called
partisans". He also threatened them by saying that all those who
fail to leave these partisan organizations would be suspended
from duty, At the end of his letter he asked all clergymen to sign
it confirming to have learnt its content . Srebrnic wished to
engage all his clergymen for the collection of informations on
partisans, people's liberation committees, etc. In a letter No:
50/Prs - 44, he wrote the following: "therefore it is your duty to
collect information, on all bigger event which may occur in your
parish as soon and as convenient as possible, informing me thereby
immediately". Srebrnic required this kind, of information because
"the representatives of military and civil authorities (Italian,
Ustasi and German, of course) used to visit him assuming that the
Bishop must be informed on all events which occur in his diocese..."
There is alas a number of other documents which can furnish
en evidence of anti-national activity displayed by the Bishop
Srebrnic. His letter to the Ustasi representative Dr. Spehar has
been found in which he reported on partisan operations.
During the occupation Srebrnic coll_borated with the Italians
denouncing the partisans and their families. Since the end of the
war he continued his hostile activity among the clergy. He was one
of the main authors of the well known "pastoral letter" against the
National Liberation Struggle and the people's authority. And now
he is one of the instigators of a campaign to involve other bishops
who aholad have a hostile attitude towards the people's authority.
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Srebrnic also uses provocations to the benefit of Italian
irredentists. He wislled to rork the anniversary of the foundation
of the bo.no-co-c of hjjoka by conducting a pontifical mass in a
church wh-cl, was founc,ed by the Italian fascists upon an order from
the 'atic,-3,1 1N,c.h ihe sole object of furnishing a support to the
separation of Rijeka from Yugoslavia.
This is the true aspect of the Bishop of hrk who writes letters
on "the persecution of religion", who carries out campaigns against
the people's authority. SrbrnLc has taken a difficult task to
appear to be well ilitentionod. His hostile activity, his letters
and Episcopal messes can serve as a proof of his character. And
nobody is going to be betrayed gJia impertinent words: appeal
is serious and sacred as if comiod himself in the heavens".
(Signed: Mira Grubor)
(VJESNI., March 9, 1952)
REGARDING: TH?Ci,LNDAR "TPJ] GOOD TV.STOH"
The 'Association of Catholic Clergymen Of Bosnia and Herzegovina
has to Tar published, -a series of numbers of its periodical Debri
Pastir (Good Pastor),' ? ith the object -of helping the clergymen
to conducttheir d.uty:? In the introductory part of its first number
it Was said that this-pertodical was to write " all a-rtout . the creed
ancLhomeland". Apart from this periodical the -same Associations
recently-published'a 6alendar for the current year entitled "The
Good Shepherd"., In ?contrest to the periodical) which is published
from time to time intended foruoi, by clergymen, the calendarwas
published in considerably' large nix:71er and is intended to 'broad
masses of the -peopie-, namely, "the believers". This Publication
bs by the way all that is being published in our country it subject
to theApublic sociall?Centrol and critisism. Therefore it it necessary
-teTsay a few words: about; it ? ? - - ?
? The fact that in our Country there are various associations of
clergymen who freely print their own publications can be an illustration
of the position of the church and its possibilities to settle its
relations with the sivte in a demoratic manner. HoaevzIrion the other
hand, the writinb of this press sometimes expresses the tendency of
some clergymen who intend to abuse the existing democratic freedom
with the object of spreading hostile and reactionary propaganda.
Such tendencies were clearly contained in the calendar Good Shepherd.
The calendar represents the first part of this publication. In
this ,6alendaYs eAondarphuL, the Catholic one is contained.
The more impont national holidays are also not mentioned.
As an exploration o-n this it i d that everybody can find another
calendar near at 1=1, Tio rr=t of tbis publication is in fact a
popular reader for the peo)le composed o: different, cunningly and
well combined. stories and anecdo'os distributed in five parts under ?
the following headlines: our church, our creed, our deeds, our prayers,
and our homoY.and. The basic idea and object of this publication is the
struggle against the non-believors, in other words against the
communists and other progressive ponds, Naturally this is not being
done openly but in a very suitably dissembled form. But, owing to the
fact that the Gooda?1-,p1-.ccd is bAni; published in a particular
country and under 0:,Intaite?aancrete?cirourastances, its "general"
observatAi3jAvlaar---
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Apart from various lies and demagogical statementsl.in
this calender one can also find that Christ was a worker, that
his apostles were also workers, that the Christ's teaching is
a workers' learning and that the main task of the Catholic Church
is to strive for the welfare of the workrs and that it had raised
its voice with the object of helping them in their own efforts.
With the object of showing how the Catholic Church has always
struggled against the fasism it was stated there that those who
believed in God were the best fighters against fascism. For example
Hitler's soldiers who were good Catholics always assisted their
adversaries, if they were Catholics. Evidently, the fighters
aP:ainst fascism also included some believers who belonged to the
Catholic church. This is probably not.being denied anywhere.
But the editors of this calender did not find it necessary to
keep their distance from such Catholics as Pavelic, Artukovic,
and others who - although they might be good Catholics, still
were not the fighters against fascism, but on the contrary the
most flagrant fascist criminals and murde3frscr our people.
In the articles-entitled "Who does pull the sun?", Wherefrom
does the life come?", "Who did invent the belief in God", "What
would happen if there was no God?", etc., the calender dealt in
an easy way with all these scientific questions . Marxism and
the development of progressive social ideas were interpreted in
the following waY! "after the golden age of Chrtian holiness and
science, various atheistic philosophies introduced immorality
and a decay of religious life". Furthermore, the editors added
the folloWing: ."At that time a thecougl;.change occurred, thanks
in the ?first ?lace to the Lather of God", etc.
Of course, all those statements contained "theoretical"
conceptions to be adopted and propagated by the clergymen. And
it is not a matter of persuasion of.any of them as regards the
truth of these statements; In fact, the calender did not only
contain theoretiCal views, but went even further by taking up
problems affecting the practical life. A whole series of
precise practical instructions for the waging of the struggle
e*ainst the non-believers Was also given in this publication..
The manner in which they speak about .the non-believers isVery
offensive. The non-believers Ne would like to repeat it, that
this refers to the communists in the first Place) are told to
be people filled with inner anxiety. and bad conscience. Further-
more, it was also stated that they are mostly motherless people
which means that they are. unfortunate, without any education,
brought up in the street and rotten types. It was further
stated in a nnice" manner again that they are ordinary thieves,
scoundrela and crimin,?Is. "Only those who pray every day can
remain honest and innocent".. And all those who do not believe
in God are fools and ignorant people because " in world history
all great scientists were pious people"; furthermore, nsince
great scientists were such why then You who are not as informed
as they were could be wiser and refuse to do so". This type of
a true Catholic was confronted with the aspect of non-believers.
"'Our religion produces people who are like saints and people's
heroes being believers and patriots respectively. The greatest
heroes of all in the last war were the tatholics". "The Catho-
lics 4re the only .people who can sacrifice themselves for each
other".- Continuing its insituations and fabrications, the
Calender referred to the workers as human beings who work hard,
eat brown bread and find themselves in constant danger; smugglers
arc called today 11,-,nest people. In the last part of the Calender
under a headline "Our Homeland" in which, by the way, no clear
or definite attitude. towards our present time is contained,
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?e?
several statements with double meaning were made such as Bosnia
is a very rich country but full of poor people, etc.
Finally, one should bear in mind that an exagRerated glorification
cf the greatness of the Catholic Church, its advantages over other
churches and propagating of a need for the existence of one single
church, the Catholic cne alone, means under the current circumstan?
ces in our country theinstlgatival of religious intolerance. This
is necessarily being connected with the spreading of chauvinism and
undermining of brotherhood of our people.
This year's publication of the Calender 11The Good Shepherd"
is in our circumstances of a harmful..inflaee? being detrimental
to the development of correct democratic relations between the
church and the state. The well intentioned priests will not be
able to find anything useful in this books for their attitude
to be brought in harmony with thou.() of the people's committees
in their places, or mass organizations in order to find a place
for themselves within the framework of the People's Front? On
the contrary; it encourages the reactionary part of the Catholic clergy
and consequently the reactionary clergy of other churches too. to
carry out detrimental activity directed against the development
of socialism in our country. This is the objective significance
of this calender, irrespective of the fact whether its editors
were or were not aware of this in advance. Such a line adopted
by the Association of Catholic Clergy and expressed in its publi?
cations ie not in accordance with the principle upon which this
Association is supposed to base its activity.
(OSLOBODJENJE, March 8, 1952)
PUBLICATION OF A NEW ECONOMIC REVIEW IN SLOVENIA
ENTITLED 4GOSPODARSKI VESTNIK4
At the end of the last week, the first number of a new eco?
nomic review to be published in Slovenia entitled uGospodarski
Vestnikll appeared. It will be published weekly and if necessary
even twice a week. It will contain various regulations, official
announcements and advertisements, apart from technical articles
on our economic life. This new review is to teplace various
publications by individual enterprises and institutions such as
the Financial Review, Bulletin of a Price Control Bureau, Foreign
Trade Bulletin, etc. which ceased publication.
This review will be published by the enterprise ItFinancni
Zbornik". Jeze Kosir, the Director of the Price Control Bureau,
will act as editor in chief.
(SLOVENSKI POROCEVALEC, March 20,1952)
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25X1u
25X1A
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SUIAMARY OF THE YUGOSLAV i'RESS
25X1C
No .749 INDEX
P.1. Headlines of Borba of the 23rd March
P.20 Headlines of Borba continued
Headlines of Politika of the 23rd March
P.3. Headlines of Politika continued
P.4. Headlines of _Borba of the 24th March
P.5. Headlines of Borba continued
Headlines of Politika of the 24th March
24th 1,arch, 1952.
FROM BORBA OF THE 22ND JhACH
P.6. Protest from Capodistria against anti-Yugoslav Irrederitist
campaign
P.7. Istrian priests on lies told by Fascist Sentin
Brouht before the Court because of a refusal to serve in the
Fascist Army
Irredentists call strike in Trieste
P.8. Regulations of Military Administration concerning movement in
FTT
P.9. Letter from Trieste: Fascist demonstrations - an instrument of
Rome's foreign )olicy
P.11. What is ha )pening with regard to Irredentist demonstrations
P.12. Melican Ambassador makes presentation to Belgrade University
Gift of French Government to People's Library in Belgrade
Exhibition of Austrian teaching methods in Belgrade
P.13, Yugoslav journalists visit British Parliament
P.16. The practice of Local Party Organisations: first successes
of experiences of open Party meetings in the Kosmaj district
FROM BORBA OF THE 23RD MARCH
P.13. Yugoslav journalists leave Britain
De.legation of Indian Socialist Party to visit Yu3oslavia
P.14. Members of armed band from Albania sentenced
A Hungarian and a Rumanian soliar escape to Yugoslavia
P.17,,Bill proclaiming 15th May as a National Holiday instead of
9th May
Federal Government issues regulations on jobs and wages of
employees of state agencies
P.18. Following Chauvinist excesses in Trieste
Italian Government is sp7Aling good-neighbourly relations
P.19. Resolution of Trieste Democrats
150 Slovene villages without schools n Venezia Giulia
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FROL ORBA OF THE 23RD
*
P.?20. Fines for speaking Slovene
Even Carabinieri are meddling in Mucation
P.24. On one's own road (Article by Milovan D?tiiss)
FROL POLITIKA OF THE 23RD 1??itRCH
*
.P.15. Third Anpual Assembly of the Society of Ajricultural
Experts of Croatia
FROL B01-?,BA OF THE 24TH i.iARCH
P.14. Morrison on the importance of increasing the defence
efforts of Yujosiavia
P.21. Excesses in Trieste carried out by Fascist organisations
under Home's orders
Strike in Trieste organised by employers
ittack on )remises of British and US Military forces ?
P.22. Irredentists wish to provoke disorders
Allied Administration refuses Irrederitist demand
Demand that Italian Electoral TAW sh6u1d not be applied
P.23, A ?:ame which damages peace (Editorial)
FROL POL1TIrA OF THE 24TH LARCH
P.15. Formation of Yugoslav NetiTinal COrmittee of the FM-.
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HEADLINES
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BOHBA 23rd March, 1952,,
P.1, THE LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEES OF THE FPRY NATION:I ASSEMBLY
ADOPTS PROPOSED LAW ON oBSERVING THE 15TH MAY AS A
NATIONAL HOLIDAY OF XICTORY
FOLLOWING THE CHAUVINISTIC DEMONSTRATIONS IN ThIESTE:
PROTESTS AGAINST ANTI-YUGOSLAV IRRDENTIS1 CAMPAIGN
ON ITS OWN ROAD (Article by Miloven Diilas)
DELEGATION OF INDIAN SOCIALIST PARTY TO COME TO YUGOSLAVIA
Two new hydro-electric power plants: to-day Ozalj near
Karlovac will be put into operation, and tommorow
Sepuncica near Bitolj
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PASSED A DECREE ON CLASSIFYING STATE
SERVANTS AND THEIR SALARIES
p.2. WHENCE COMES THE WRONG CONCEPTION ABOUT ACCEPTING WOMEN IN
THE PARTY
At Capodistria 153 medals awarded to former fijiters of
the National Liberation Struggle
Third annual meetin7 of the Agriculturists' Association of
Croatia
WORK OF C0144ITTEES OF THE NATIONAL P-32I2': :-,L)SEMBLY OF THE
FPRY
Regional Party Conference at Nis
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; an o)inion on the need to reorganise
our Parliament (by Radivoj DavidoviO: More attention to
be paid to our libraries (by Ivo iindric)
P.3. This year's accomplishment of non-ferrous metallurgy:
everything to be produced in our country, from raw .
materials to final products
Political life of our Republics
Making rivers in Serbia navigable.
About 200 working co-opereties in the Vojvodina introduce
complete economic accounting
1).4. In memoriam: 30 years since the death of Alija Alijagic
(Article by Hodoljub Colakovic)
NEW BUILDING FOR THE NAUTICAL MUSEUM IN SPLIT
P.5. Letter from Paris: Cominform wants to grab Victo Hugo
from France
Franco-Tunisian dispute: Sultan f biorocco wants to
resume negotiations
The answer of Western Powers concerning the question of
Germany will be handed to the USSR in a few days time
P.5. Session of UN Sub-Committee forjFreedom of Information end
the Press ended (AFP, New York)
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P.5. Prime Minister of Finland withdraws his resignation
(Reuter, Helsinki)
Foreign press: British newspapers on events in Egypt
Negotiations in Korea: proposal of the United Command on
ports of entry a c.cepted
P.6. Jesenice foundries 250 years ago: from the book by Janez
Velvasor
Science in agriculture: fast growing forests
Serial -production of
school microscopes (Tanjug, Ljubljana)
New orchards in Montenegro (Tanjug, Titograd)
P.7. Cause of damage in economy (Article by M,Dostanic)
P.8. Ex)losion at oil. well: prowess on the NramOr Brdo.
SENTENCING OF IIEMBERS :OF ;:i'LLED KND5 COING J'ROM :-LBANIA
Elections for WorkinE: Councils
industry completed
in the Dalmatian cement
Zenica pre)ared to meet the first youth brigades
Setting uP of a bi railway bridge at Lukavac
Anglo-EgrAian dispute: meeting of Hilali Pasha with the
British Ambassador (AFP, Cairo)
A uUNGARIAN AND A RULANIAN SOLDIER ESCAPE. TO OUR COUNTRY
DELEGATION OF YUGOSLAV JOURNiiLiSTS LEAVES BRITAIN (Tanjug,
London)
Morrison does not agree with the budet pnYposal
(Tanjug, London)
Adenauer's difficulties concernin the agreement with France
on: Saar (UP, Bonn)
Sweden and Israel return to Hungary. various
Owing to its bad quality (Tanjug, Vienna)
*'
Talks between British Socialists and French
started (Tanjug, Paris)
radio material
Socialists
eOLITIKA
P.1. BRITISH FLAG TORN BY FASCISTS IN TRIESTE (Tani.ug, Trieste)
Conditions in Trieste following demonstrations the day
before yesterday: attempt to orzanise general strike failed:
Trieste proletariat condemn Fascists and Cominformists:
protest of the Front for the Independence of Trieste
(Report by A.Zobec)
People's Committee at Piran demands that Yuoslavia should
lodge a formal protest
THE RESPONSIbiLITY OF ROlqE (Signed JIG.)
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. P.1. "SELF-DENIAL" (Signed B.D.)
P.2. German problem: Soviet authorities have not yet allowed
UN Commission to visit Eastern Germany
):(
INTERNATIONAL CHRONICLE: KENNAN'S THESIS: is the agreement
between estern ?owersand Soviet hussia possible (Sd.
GREAT INT.LRE,T IN iiHANCE IN THE Na AIRLINE BELGRADE-PARIS
P.3. Decree of the,Federal Government concerning the new wages
system: new wages system is the result of altered relations
of the state administration towards economy and orani-
sational principles in the system of state authority
Another railway line in hacedonia: first -passener train on
the new railway linaJijorce Petrov-Totovo
Improvement in protecting working .reletions: committee for.
protecting the work is being Set 'up
P.4 Who needs our export cadres and where are they, hiding: what
the statistics show (Article by Rade Alavantic)
Shiyard at kiatin deposited 12 million dinars as its first
accumulation instalment '
P.10.New Irlaie System: text of the basic Reulation on classifying
state.scrvants and their wages
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HEADLINES
- 4 -
BORBA 24th March, 1952.
P.10. Greetings for Tito's 60th birthday: arrival of -Larathon
Exploitation of wooded areas in n & H: more than 100
kilometres of new forest railway
6 Na PASSENGER VESSELS
Celebration of the coming into operation of the hydro-
electric works Ozalj II
*
IRREDENTILT ANTI-YUCzOEL,V CALPAIGN EXCESSES IN =ESTE
CARRIED OUT BY FASCIST ORGANISATIONS UNDER RONE!S ORDERS
A GAME URICH DAMAGES PEACE (Editorial)
Negotiations in Korea: possibility of secret meetings in
Pan Lun Jom
New trial in Franco Spain
maLcisoN CONCERNING THE 11,..PORLNCE OF II.CREASING YUOSLAV
DEFENCE .EFFORTS (Tenjug) London)
Washington Post condemns the propeanda idea of a preventative
war (Tanjug, New York)
THE FRUIT OF 1,0id(ING EFFORTS (Editorial on hydro-electric
'works)
Eden's conversations in Paris on German problems
P.2. THE PROBLEMS OF OUR UNIVERSITIES: RLiS1ON OF SYLLABUSES -
A liOsT NECESSARY ,ORK ,N ,LL FACULTIES
District Party Conference at iis finishes
More than 1,000 youn,:, people ,o to work on the first shift of
the building of the hydro-electric works at Vlasina, from
Kosovo and ketohija
P.3. London press on Western Powers' reply to Soviet Union
Letter from London:
discussion of the budget (Article by
Dusan Popovic)
Letter fnJm Oslo: new attempt to increase co-operation
between Scandinavian countries (Article by 1.Bajec)
IN HUNGARY TODAY: k GUEST FROM THE sOViE2 UN IN A
HUNGiRII:.N NINE
Work of the Committee for Freedom of the Press in Panama
Dulles resigns
Plane accident at Frankfurt
Tornado sweeps Arkansas, Tennessee and Lissippi
The Danube is beginning to swell
Radar which can be worked by one man made in England
P.4. REGULATION ON JOBS LN1 IAGES FOR OFFICE ;.011KEJAS (Unsigned
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P.4. First Plenary Session of the Federation of Associations of
Yu,i..oslav Veterinary Surgeons: more co-operation with
agriculturalists needed
New factory for c)ncrete products at Stelae
Long distance cable between Zvecan and the mine"Kosovo"sterts
working
Annual Assembly of Croatian Associations of Pharmacists
Work of youth bri_tdes for 'Lenica and Jeblanica
First aggreate of hydro-electric works at Ifinudol will start
working soon
Putting into effect the new pevments system: workers help
in working out the rules
P.6. Stop press: ?
Dissolution of Egyptian Parliament'. and: notification of
new elections -
West German Social Democrats propose .3 conferences
Socialist Hush Gaitskell approves Government rearmament
programme
Demonstrations in Mexico
.P.OLITIKA
13.1.. ALONG THE pi,D ROAD (Editorial)
FOREIGNERS ON MOSCOW LIST (Editorial)
*
P.2. The education and leisure of :our young,peopIe: readers'
letter on the role' Of parents in the education of young
people
New lead end zinc mine will be opened et Kosovo on 1st April
P.3 Radio Zajecar started brladcastillg again yesterday
Disease which spread from Italy destroys chestnuts in the
Gorizia district
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PROMST F1iO-P1 CAPODISTAIA AGLINsT ANTI-YUGOSLAV iiLiitiL TST
CAle.PAIGN
(Capodistria, 21st narch)
The people in the Istrian Region are protesting indignantly
against the latest enti-YuoslaV provocations and Chauvinist cam-
pain, which is being led by united Irredentist and Cominformists
of Trieste end Italy. At meetings held hitherto, many resolutions
were passed at which the enemies of the Slovene, Croatian and
Italian people who live in the Istrian region were sharply con-
demned and it is demanded from the Yuoslav Government that it
undertake the necessary measures, both in regard to Chauvinist
acts against the people and its authority in the Istrian region
and against Chauvinist provocations in Trieste and disrespect of
the rights of the Slovene national minority in Italy.
Speaking about the Irredentist campaign against our people and
authorities in the Istrian region, the inhabitants of St.Anton in
a resolution sent to Foreign Minister Kardelj saY amonst other
'things:
"Let them tee' how they are treating our brothers in Italy and
Trieste. Let them see how they treat our children in Italy who
are not left in peace even when they are going to school, they are
attacking them continually forthe sole purpose that they might
leave the Slovene schools."
"Comrade Kardelj - continue S the resolution - we, inhabitants
of St.Anton who have given so' much in the strugLo under the '
leadership of Comrade Tito to liberate ourselves from the Fascist
yoke, we'l who today give everything in our power for the building
of socialism and a better life for the people, we shall never
permit, whoever might attempt to take away that which is ours.
We fought under the leadership of our Tito for socialist Yugoslavia
and under his leadership we are now fighting for the improvement
Of living conditions of our working people".
Last night in Capodistria a big protest meeting of members of
the Slovene-Italian Anti-Fascist Union was held. In a resolution
which was sent to Minister qardelj'from the meeting it is said,
amongst other things:
"The new shameless campaign which has been organised by
Trieste and Italian Irredentists and Cominformists with the
evident help of the Rome Government against Socialist Yugoslavia
and the Istrian region has found the Italians and Slovenes in
Capodistria united more than ever around our Slovene-Italian
Anti-Fascist Union in the struggle for the further development
and progress of the won revolutionary fruits, together with the
peoples of Yugoslavia".
"All those whom we have expelled from our country - continues
the resolution - should not think that they would ever dere to
return, in order to exploit our people. They got a good lesson
from our People's Revolution".
After the meeting the participators organised a long procession
which passed through the main streets of Capodistria singing
Partisan songs. Meetings were also held in Bu, Isova, Umag,
Mate-Rade, Pirana, Dekani and many other places.
(Sd.) M.P.
(BORBA - 22nd March, 1952).
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i.?11121E.E.11a24 UN .44,ULS OF THE FASCIST S'NTIN
(Capodistria, 21st March)
The Capodistria Radio Station broadcast the talks of its
correspondent with several Catholic priests from the Istrian
region which the Trieste Bishop, the Fascist Santin, in his
telegram sent to the American Cardnal Spellman named as a
"part of his bishopric" in which "the authorities are hindering
religious freedom".
My opinion is - said the priest Milko Margon to the Capo-
distria radio correspondent - that Santin's campaign against
Zone B and against Yu,oslavia is nothing else but a link in the
chain of the general Italian anti-Yugoslav campaign and that it
is dictated from the Italian Government aid circles around the
pro-Fascist Committee of National Liberation.?
The priest Alojz Kocijancic from Kostabona declared:
"I am of the opinion that Santin strivee:togain this terri-
tory for Italy, We Slovene priests, who have suffered under
Fascism, do not expect anything good from him"
The priest Bertok declared, that Santin is an irreconcilable
enemy of the Slovehe people, that he belongs to the most
Chauvinist circles and that he is occupying himself with
politics instead of taking care of religion, Bertok said that
once u )on a time Santin warned him in writing that he must not
use the Slovene len uage.
Statements were also civen by some other priests and they
all agree that in'the Istrian region freedom of religion exists
and that they have no difficulties in executing their religious
duties by the People's Authorities.
(BORBA - 22nd March, 1952).
BROUGHT BEFORE THE COURT BECAUSE OF A REFUSAL TO SERVE IN TH.d.,
FASCIST ARMY
(Gorizia, 21st March)
The Italian authorities called , before a court Joze Hlede
from Gorizia because he did not turn up in June 1943 before a
Commission which sent him a call to join the Army, Riede was
since February of that year in the Partisan Unit and served in
the Yugoslav People's Army until 1948.
(BORBA - 22nd March, 1952).
IRREDENTISTS CALL STRIKE IN TRIESTE
(Trieste, 21st March)
The Trieste Irredentist Labour Organisation "Labour Chamber"
called a one-day p,eneral strike in the Anglo-American Zone of the
FTT, supposedly as a sign of protest because of yesterday's
incidents in Trieste, for which it holds responsible the Anglo-
American Military Government. However, it is a woll-known fact
that the Trieste Irredentists were those who provoked these
incidents.
The Executive Committee of the "Labour Chamber" demanded from
the Anglo-American Military Government that it relieve those
agents who are responsible for public order and security and to
pay compensation to the injured Irredentists,
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The Committee Committee refutes also co-operation with the Anijo-American
Military Government until the above demands are fulfilled, A
similar statement was made tonight by the ?resident of the Trieste
Municipal Council Bartoli, who in solidarity with yesterday's
chauvinistic-Irredentist incidents, refused also the, collaboration
of local authorities with the Anglo-American Military Government
"until satisfaction is received". (Tanjug)
(BORBA - 22nd March, 1952).
REGULATIONS OF MILITARY ADMINITRATiON CONCERNINGMOVEMENT
FTT
(Capodistria, 21st March)
The Commander of the -military Administration of the Yuoslav
Army of the Yugoslav Zone of the FTT issued an order concerning.
travel of the population in the Yugoslav Zone of the FTT to the
Anglo-American Zone, Yuoslavia and other countries.
According to these regulations the inhabitants of the Yugoslav
Zone, of the FTT can travel to Ylk-oslevia )n the basis of their
personal identity cards and permits issued by tL3 i-alitary Adminis-
tration of the Yugoslav People's Army. The inhabitants of the
FPRY will be able to travel to the Yugoslav Zone of the FTT with
personal identity cards and journey permits issued by competent
Yugoslav authorities, the crossing of the demarcation line between
the Yugoslav and the Anglo-American Zone of the FTT will be
permitted to permanent inhabitants of both zones of the FTT on
the basis of a pass fr-m which it can be seen that the person is
a permanent inhabitant of one or the other zones. Permanent
inhabitants of the Yugoslav Zone of the FTT for travelling abroad
will be required to have passports issued by the Military Govern-
ment of the Yugoslav People's Army. (Tanjug)
(BORBA - 22nd March, 1952).
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LETTER FROM TRIESTE
FASCIST DEDONSTRATION--A FOREIGN-POLICY WEAPON OF ROME
TTE7g7T?MT-Firch)
Yesterday in Trieste there was held a "celebration" on March 20th,
the fourth anniversary of the Tripartite Declaration. As it was pre-
sumed, this celebration passed off, as every other Fascist and chauvin-
ist demonstration, in numerous hostile excesses against Yugoslavia,
in disorders, in conflicts with the police by the demonstrators who
wetat mad, by singing Mussolini's songs, shouting revenge slogans
and plastering posters which the Anglo-American Military Government
had to forbid because of their content.
Being organized with an intention of becoming a proof of the fact
that the Triostinos are supporting the attitude of the Italian Govern-
ment towards Trieste, this celebration did not occur as pn initiative
of Trieste itself. If one looks to see who its organizers are, it
would immediately become clear,to,4im