BOLEKHOV RAION SITUATION REPORT FOR SEPTEMBER 1949

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00415R009600070006-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 26, 2001
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: December 19, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INT ELL G NCE AG NCY REPORT NO.
INFORMATION REPORT CD NO.
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Bolekhov Raion Situation Report for September 1949
THE ENEMY SITU,.TIOiV
The State of the Party, Police. Administrations and
Changes Therein
1. Raion Party Committee - no change.
2, Raion Committee of the LKSMU ZY-Nism -- Komsomol
There are no new members of the Komsomol in the rsion. Those who are in
the raion center and in the village of Hoziiv limit their activities to
those localities, :'here were no efforts during the period reported on to
organize the Komsomol,in the villages of the raion.
3,. Pioneers and Children?s Organizations
There are no Pioneers in the villages. There are some in the schools of the
raion center and they are Lrimaril,y recruited iron among the eastern elements.
There are also a few Pioneers forcibly enrolled from the local youth. It is
the teachers' duty to organize the Pioneer movement but they have not done
much because of the boycott of all Bolshevik organizations by the youth.
4. MM -- no change.
5:
No great changes were noticed during the period reported on. The operational
groups were permanently on the n.ove in the raion assisting the brigades in
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
PLACE
ACQUIRED
USSR (Ukrainian SSR)
DATE DISTR.
19 Dec. 1951
Bolekhov Raion Situation Report for September 1949
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collecting the grain quotas and in giving protection to the transport of
the quotas.
Military and Police Gaiyizone
There was no change with regard to the W(VD troops in the raion center.
During the period reported on the head of the MV! sub-district, Folin, was
permanently billeted in the village of Tyeiv. There was no change in the
police garrisons in the villages of Vytvytaya, Hoziiv, Pidberezh, and Hoshiv.
7. Prisons and Concentration Camps - no change.
8. Units of the Soviet Az
The unit of men wearing red-epaulets hervonopahonnikJ which is billeted
in the raion center and which is 600 men strong to undergoing military
training.
9. Rator _1 o e nkomat
During the period reported on, the Voyenkomat called up young men of the
19.29 - 3.930 classes for ten days` military training. There were about 50
young men from the raion and the town of Bolekhov undergoing this training,
10. Osoaviakhim no change,
11. Raafon Councc_U
Ha ychuk is the head of the Raion Council as well as of the RVK.
12, Town Council - no- change.
13. Village Council
There was no change in the administration of the village council. In the
villages of Polyanytaya and Bryaza the financial agents resigned. So far
nobody has replaced thein.
14. Eaton Executive Committee.
There was no change in the personnel of the RVK. It is divided into the
following sections: National Education - head, Ivan koekovchonko, easterner?
Jewt Raion Health Section - head, Ivan Shendenuk, easterner, who has a
polyclinic, health centers in the villages, and a pharmacist shop in the
town of Bolekhov; Raion Land Section - head, Hontarenko, easterner; Social
Insurance Section - heads, Stefania Oleksina,.local; Trade Section head,
Yarosh, easterner, Party member; and the Planning Con-lesion - head, Palamarenko,.
15. Town Lxecutive Com d ttee - no change.
16.. People's Court - no change.
17. Public Prosecutor n no change.
18. State Bank (No material available)
19. Savings Bank (No material available)
20. Raion Coneumers?Cooparative
There was no personnel change in the RSS; everything was as before. The
Bolsheviks try to supply rore goods and to have a bigger turnover and they are
partially successful.
2L UpominM Upominz'ah7 - no change.
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22. Combines,, Factories and Workshops
The following factories are in the raion centers' tannery, salt works, brick
and ceramic kilns, train building; factory, Lesprom combine, dairy, bakery,
and power station; and the following guilds: tailors, shoemakers, and one
for the production of lubricants for carts, A1i of these factories and
guilds are. headed by Communists from the raiori canter who actively implement
all the Bolshevik instructions and orders,
23. Forest Station, W Timber Econ r
The forest stations during the period reported on were busy with their
.usual tasks, processing of timber, loading on trucks and the narrow gauge
railway, and exporting.
24. Forest
During the period reported on, the forestry was busy establishing nurseries of
young trees, cleaning up young forest, and carting timber to the sawmills.
25. Machine and Tractor Station - non-existent.
~ ro.no rrwl.r+ n+w-r.~s sw
26. Kolkhoz. Sovkhoz, and Farms Attached To Works
On 28 September the lEVD arrested the head of the kolkhoz i/n Victory in thy:
village of Hoziiv. They released him the same day but he was dismissed anc,
his place was taken by his deputy, Vasil Pasichnikfrom the village of Hoziiv.
There are small farms attached to the factories and enterprises in the
village of Bolekhov which are primarily used by Party :members and managers
of factories.
270 Raion Office of the Minigtrv of Communications
There is a raion office of the Ministry of Communications in the raion center
and postal branches and agencies in the following villages: branches in
Polyanyteya, Vytvytsya, and Hoshiv, and agencies in Sloboda and Choihany.
There were no changes in personnel.
26. Ram
During the period reported on, the Bolsheviks deported the-head of the narrow.
gauge railway, Dmitr Betsin, to Siberia, and up till now he has not been rea-
placedu
29; Printin#r Works - no change.
1 ed.- IP
The Occ2piers`Activities and Policies
in the Various Spheres of Ufa
30. Min IM and lndustrX
There is no information available about the production figures in the raion
center. All the factories are fulfilling or over-fulfilling their plans.
The workmen earn from'200 to 500 krb per month and employees of the administra-
tion from 200 to 1,000 krba The earnings are based on the fulfillment of norms.
The Stakhanov system is arranged in such a way-that a workman who depends on
his pay for his living tries to overfulfill the norms to earn enough money
for food and then he is made a Stakhanovete and is held up as an example for
others to follow. The standard of life of workers in the town is average.
Many of them do a bit of farming and that helps towards gaining a livelihood.
31. 6grLculture
Crops were average in 1949, The rain. spoiled the rye, oats, and potatoes;
vegetables are better but they also suffered from too much rain. The Bolsheviks
did not take this into account and the ouotas which they imposed were as heavy
as those. in previous years, but they could not collect them since the peasants
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did not have enough to deliver. The quota imposed on the raion (except the
town) was 6,500 cwt,. of which only 2,426 cwt were collected. The Bolsheviks
left the remainder for a later delivery. The peasants really had no grain
for delivery and the Bolsheviks had to be satisfied in some villages with
50 percent of the quota. In the village of Polyanytsya the peasants had no
grain and the Bolsheviks suggested that they should purchase grain from the
Bolshevik Puzanov, head of a timber firm, or they could make arrangements with
him to work it off in the forest. The peasants had to pay Puzanov 180 krb
for one cwt of rye and the State paid the peasants 5.60 krb for one cwt.
The kolkhoz, during the period reported on, began. autumn sowing; the last of the
harvest was gathered in and threshing. begun. The kolkhoz i/n Victory in the
village of HoziLv had erected four rickst one rick was threshed, giving 69
cwt of grains 22 cwt were returned to the State, which lent-it to the kolkhos
for spring sowing; 22 cwt were,distributed as an advance amongst the members
of, the kolkhoz; and the rest was stored.
The kolkhoz i/n Voroehilov in tiolekhov began the sowing, having threshed 46
cwt of grain.
32. Forest Economy
The forest etation,during the period reported on, was busy storing timber and
carrying it away by trucks and the narrow-gauge railway. The forest station in
Sloboda stored 300 cubic meters of timber and sent 1,500 cubic meters to the
raion district center by rail and trucks. In the forest station in Polyanytsya
218 people were employed in processing, loading, and carrying away timber:
144 of th-ern were from the Trans-Carpatho? Ukraine. This forest station has
.stacked 7,000 cubic meters of beech wood near the village of Tysiv and 4,200
cubic meters around the village of Polyanytsya Pasiehniy. During the same
period it,has exported 3,854 cubic meters Instead of 4,500 as originally
planned
The firm Ukreovkhozstroi of Dolina carried away 836 cubic meters of
timber itr trucks, During the month of September 1949 the local workers
were earning from 20 to 30 krb daily and the Trans-Carpathian Ukrainians
from 40 to 50 krb, They have built sheds for themselves near the villages
of Tysiv and Bryaza and live there, Thcy buy-their food in the markets or
receive supplies from the raion center. Their diet is very poor, They say
they have escaped from being made to join the kolkhozy which are being or-
ganized by force in the Trans-Carpatho Ukraine.
The'Bolsheviks do not care about national forest economy, They cut down
the beat timber without taking the age of trees into consideration, as long as
they are accessible for transport.
33? Breeding of Livestock
There are livestock breeding farms in the kolkhozy in Hoziiv and Bolekhov. They
have increased their livestock by having acquired that belonging to the
peasants deported to Siberia. Al]. the livestock which the Bolsheviks took away
from these peasants was given to the kolkhozy (there are no figures for the
actual increase and delivery of livestock by the kolkhozy)a
The raion newspapers criticize the administration of the kolkhozy for their negli-
gence in proparin5 fodder for the winter and for the lack of winter accomoda-
tione for cattle.
Livestock breeding in individual farms is neglected, as the Bolsheviks have ruined
it by impoling heavy quotas and taxes. For failure to deliver milk quotas.there
are-very heavy fines, confiscation of livestock, ate. If a peasant has no
milk for delivery, he may purchase butter in the dairy, paying 50 krb for
one kg, and he can then straight away deliver his butter as his quota,.re-
ceiving from the State six krb per one kg. On top of that 10 percent of
the weight is deducted.
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For failure to deliver the milk quota the Bolsheviks, on 1 September, im-
posed a fine of from 500 to 1200 krb on three peasants from the village
of Cholhany and in lieu of the fine confiscated three head of livestock.
The Bolsheviks continually use such metho'e in collecting milk and meat
quotas.,
34. Fiche ee - no change.
35, Gardens and Orchards - non-existent.
36. Trade
No fresh goods were delivered during the period reported on.to the consumers'
cooperative or SST. The following goods arrived in the village stores at
Tyeiv,,which have a branch in the village of Bubnyshcher
Salt
400 kg
2030 krb per kg
Oil
200 liters
2.50 krb per liter
Iron hoops for carts
18 pieces
8060 krb per piece
Soap
200 pieces
400 krb per piece
Shoes
12 pairs
166000 krb per pair
Shoes
20 pairs
130000 krb per pair
Shoes
20 pairs
90.00 krb per pair
Linen
45 meters
1420 krb per meter
Linen
60 meters
12.20 krb per meter
Whisky
20 liters
63,00 krb per liter
Sweets
20 kg
14.00 krb per kg
Sweets
15 kg
15.20 krb per kg-
Sweets
10 kg
20.00 krb per kg
Pastry
28 kg
16000 .krb per kg
Pots
25 pieces
3.60 krb per piece
Pots
20 riecees
8000 krb per piece
The turnover in trade is on the increase. Village stores at Tysiv had
a turnover during the month of September of 18,700 krb9 Vytvytaya -
16t443.90 krb, Tserkivna - 14,,886 krb, and Cholhany - 17,729 krb,, and
received goods with a total value of 25,458068 krb. The village stores
of Cholhany received the fiollowing goods- 300 meters of material at 20
krb per meter, handkerchiefs - 132 at 3.20 to 6.70 krb, mans' suits.-
10 at 230 krb, and blankets - 3 at 112 krb, Other articles were received,
such as kitchen utensils, school note books, and various smaller goods.
Similar goods were received by all the village stores. The SST has agents
who, according to the plan, have to collect various goods. For examples,
the stores at Tyaiv must collect five cwt of fruit, but they only collected
two cwt, 20 cwt of scrap iron - but collected nothing, potatoes 20 cwt -
the same amount collected, and various hair two kg - but collected nothing,
Similar plane are made for all the village stores; but only about 30 per-
ceait is being fulfilled. The RSS does not as yet possess sufficient-goods
to supply everyone. The goods for which there is the greatest demand,
such as shoes, clothing, and various agricultural irnplementaare being
bought by the peasants on the black market at higher prices. The black
market continues to thrive and everything which is in short supply in the
State shops can be obtained there at a price.
37.: financial Economy
m r r+.~rr~..rw..
Taxes are imposed on the villages once a year and. the Bolshevik brigades,
together with the heads of the oblast sub-districts, collect them by force,
making the peasants pay up. For instances on 4 September 1949, in the
village of Polyanyteya, the head of the raion financial section, Levchenkoa
took away two skirts from the farm of Yurko Yatainin because he had failed
to pay his taxes; he also took a skirt and a handkerchief from Yavdokhya
1c ziteka9 a russet cloak, eight meters of linen, and a handkerchief
from Fedor Tsinaka; and fur and two skirts from Dmitr Drood, By such
methods the Bolsheviks collected 3,700 krb from the village. Thore are
many similar cases all over the raion and by such means the Bolshevik.
Gavermmpn+ collects taxes from the population (the ' amount 'of taxes imposed
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on farmers was previously reported)., The general plan of taxation for the
raion and the fulfillment of this plan will be reported later,
38, Transportation, Traffic, and Communications
r i rro ~rr~ra~^ rtrrrcrr~r ~rrwr rwi~r.Mwr.rw
No. new lines of communication or transport are being built in the raiori.
During the period reported on, trucks belonging to the firm of
Ukraovkhozetroi in Dolina hove been carrying timber from the village of
Polyanytaya and the trucks of DON in Bolekhov have been carrying timber
from the villages of Vytvytaya, Sloboda, and Lypa, About 15 trucks
were employed in this manner. The narrow-gauge railway also carried timber
to DOK from the villages of Tserkivna and Bryaza.. There was no.new con-
etruotiori of bridges or telephone lines in the raion. The narrow-gauge
railway track from Tserkivna to Lushki in being repaired.
39. Military Preparations
On 23 September the raion ?Voyenkomat called'up young men of the 1929-1930
classes fora fortnight's training,
'A group of six men wandered round Hoshiv and Cholhany during the period
reported on. They were engineers and cartographers preparing maps of
the,raion.-
40. Schools
A new school year began during the period reported on. The curriculum
is the same as in the previous year. The standard of education in not
very good as the pupils do not obey their tsaohers+who have very little
influence on the children. During the Russian language lessons the
children make so much noise that the teachers have to interrupt the
lessons or. even give up teaching Russian? The pupils are fully supplied
with text books and note books. Attendance is. about 90 percent.
-Through the efforts of the RVNO ?Raion Section of People's Educatioil, a
secondary school was opened in the village of Vytvytsya, which is-being
attended by children from neighboring villages. There are 29 schools
in the raion, 23 in the villages, and six in the town, There are eleven
NSSh, eleven PSh, and one secondary school in the villages. In the
town there are one secondary school, two NSSh, and three'PSh; one
NSSh is Russian. There are 200 teachers. The teachers from the east try to
implement the bolehevik educational program, but without success. They are
unable to organize either Pioneer or Komsomol movements, For instance, on
23 September in the village of Bryaza.the head of the RVNO, Moskovchefko,
in the company of the head of the VD sub-district, Folin, visited the local
school and were greeted by the pupils with the wordst "Glory be to Jesus
Christ." Moekovchenko inquired who had taught them this greeting and
the pupil Yurko Malanin answered that it was his father and mother
Moakovchenko tried to enroll the children in the Pioneer organization
but they left the elass.without permission. kookovehenko then tried to.
enter the 3rd and 4th clas-c rooms, but the pupils barricaded themselves
inside and he had to leave without. achieving anything. When asked by
the teachers why they behaved so badly towards luoakovchenko, one of the
pupils,, Vasil Yurkiv, said: "You do not belong to our village and you
have to obey hie orders, and we belong here and will not obey hIm.1? This
attitude of the pupils towards their teachers is common to all the villages
of the raioft and it proves that the Bolshevik education has little influence
on the Ukrainian youth,
41. Culturg=Ed rational Life
During-the period reported on, the following films were shown in the raion
center:
September 1949
1_2 Sail Yards Foreign
3-4 a Firs rBail
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So tenter 149
5
The Art of theActtoor
Russian
6.7
a l earr
Foreign
8-9
The GreaV. Zen ti
Russian
10-11
T he Ave, der of ldorado
Foreign
12
International Fest v .
.Io
at
- 1992
Foreign
13-14
The :Girl a Look After
P Pigs-and the Shepherd
Russian
13-16
T1112 Battle- of the rFcailes
Foreign
17-18
Kgnetann, . alanog
Russian
19
Te' UN t J.Ru noy
20-21
Saratt ula_ev
Russian
22-23
U81 11M the Beaut{(I
Russian
24-25
Zia S,adr, et SJgU
Foreign
26
1W-0149
Russian
27-28'
dh
Russian
29-20
n of theLiberatin
Capt
ai
Foreign
The mobile cinema has not paid any visits to the villages in the raion
with the exception of Hoziiv -where, on 12 September, in the kolkhosa
there was a show of the picture Battle of Leningrad and there were 15
rer.
r
people present, Bolsheviks and ohfrenr.af.i ~r
Clubs which are only formally organized in the villages do not display
any activity.
During the period reported on,-the following clubs were demolished and
libraries burned:
On 4 September, in the village of,Herynya, the club which was housed in
the-village council was demolishedand the library containing 200 Bolshevik
books with a value of 4,000 krb was burned,
On 11 September, in the village of Cholhany, the club was demolished
and the library worth 3,000 krb was burned out. The following villages-
have club premises and libraries: the town of Bolekhov,:and the villages
of Hoziiv, Hoshiv, Pidberezh, and Vytvyteya. In the other villages
there are only heads. o1 clubs, appointed from among the members of
the Komsomol in the raion center, who, from time to timesarriee in
these villages accompanied by brigades for "cultural work," but all this
is only on paper,' The Bolahevika, by various methods,'try to organize
clubs and cultural activritie8 in the villages, but they have no success.
The peasants boycott cinemas, etc.
42o Church and Rel ioue activities
The churches are open in the villages but priests are not allowed to
officiate. The population has no place to perform religious rites such
as marriage and baptisms. The majority of them go to the. monastery
in Hoshiv,which is still active, or they bring in clergymen in secret
from other villages, During the period reported on, the Bolsheviks
sentenced tho priest from the village of Cholhany to seven years`imprison-
,mmnt because, in 1948,-he did not deliver the quota of 700 kg of grain.
On 12 September twelve Chekiets from the MGB in Stanislav. arrived in the.
monastery of Hoehiv and tried to persuade the monks to go over to the
Russian Orthodox Church, but without success, and they departed the same
day,
430 Infra-Parts Life
Party Icaders in the raion center participated in the conferences of the
RVK with the hsade.of the village councila,,where.they criticized in-
dividual heads and village administrations: But they themselves are not
safe from criticism and one can find some of these raion leaders attacked
in the local papers, For instance, the raion newspaper criticized some
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of the leaders for indifference towards Marxtat-Leninist teaching. It
men ioned Communists Rudenko (Upominzag,D, Shkurnel t head of the DNA) f and
Bukhanov, who have ordered the complete works of Lenin and Stalin two
years ago and have not bothered to pay for them up to now and take them
from the Knigkulturtorg. They also show very little interest in the
library of the Party Office and are indifferent to all theoretical
teaching. The same paper also criticized the leaders of the Party or.
ganization9 Protosov of the UGB and Petrenko of the kolkhoz i/n victory
in the village of Hoziiv, because they are indifferent in regard to the
.oomp .etion of political education of their subordinate Communists.
On 21 September there was a conference in the Party Offices of the
RK VKP(b~' U of the secretaries of the Party and the Komsomol organizations
on the.occasion of the tenth anniversary of the unification of the
Ukrainian nation into one Ukrainian Soviet State. During this conference,
the Secretary of the RK VKP(b) U, Topchiy, mentioned the deficiencie.e
In preparations for this anniversary in the tannery, where Communist
Yakovlev is the director; in the salt work, where Communist iykhaylenko
is the director, and in the Lespromkombinat, where Communist Poacyak is
the director. The conference resolved to liquidate these deficiencies.
The Komsomol organization of the raion arranged seventeen special
political courses for the new 1949-1950 school year, which were to be
attended by 220 people. These courses began on 1 September 1949, but
they only take place in the town in certain enterprises,. The Party
members have no moral upbringing and behaved like bandits in the villages.
For example, on 28 September in the village of Hoshiv, in the cooperative,
two Chekists from the kVDS Capt. Pancrilov and anoth.:r man,.had been drinking
whisky; they had nothing to eat, so they went to the house of Mario
Oglabyak and robbed her of bread and a pot of sour milk. Then they got
drunk and the captain-bent behind the counter with his pistol and demanded
from the shopkeeper, Mykola Khromyak, that he contribute 600 krb towards
the OUN fundb F.hen the shopkeeper refused, he struck him with a'pistol.
Hearing the shouting, the head of the council came to the cooperative.
and the captain beat him too and forced the pot of sour milk on to his
head.-? The man went straight to the raion center and the captain was
arrested.
On 29 September, in the village of Tserkivna$ Chekists beat the head of
the village council, Mykhaylb Huk,, as he was walking along the read at
night.
All these'facts reveal the moral state of the Party members and their
attitude towards their subordinates.
With regard to the recruitment of new Party members, Komaomoltey,'and
Pioneers, there is very little activity in the villages. The Party work
is concentrated in the raion center and Party members are recruited from
among the easterners. There are no recruits from among the.local popula-
tion.
44. Proga, anda and Agitation
During the period reported on, there were about 48,O00'copies of news-
papers, magazines, and brochures distributed by the Bolsheviks in the
raion. The subscriptions to the newspapers are forced on the people,
the workers have subscriptions deducted from their earnings; and all
office. and factories have to subscribe. The newspapers distributed are
the central Party, organs, the Republic newspapers, the oblaat papers,
and the raion',paper.. The monthly sale of the raiop paper amounts to
435,000 copies and. every retired man, invalid, mother of many children.'
etc., has to subscribe.
During the period reported on, two meetings were held in the villages
concerning the delivery of nuotas, two about.the resettlement in Odessa,
and six meetings in the raion center among the workers in connection
with the tenth anniversary of the union of the ZUZ fieetern Ukrainian
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Territorie7 with the SUZ ,[Eastern Ukrainian Teri,itoriee. All the
meetings were held under the chairmanship of the Communists from the
Talon center who were leaving their brigades. In the raion center the
chairman. was kikul n from the Oblast Committee of the VKP(b) U.
On 1 September, in the village of Polyanyrteya, Communist Butenko jIlegibi7
peasants to whom he spoke about the grain deliveries-together by force.
On 6 September, in the village of Tysiv, Communist Levchenko held a
meeting in the presence'af ten peasants and spoke about the voluntary
resettlement in Odessa. He praised the happy life of tha kolkhoz members
In the east.
On 17 September, 'in the Party offices in Bolekhov, a meeting 'visa called
for the Party leaders in the raion center, During this meeting Sholupenko
spoke of the necessity for agitating the peasants to volunteer for re-
settlement in Kherson Oblast. He said that those who go should be
honest people, while all those who have contactu with "bandits" would
be deported to Siberia. He concluded by saying: "Either the people or
the Banderovtai.must disappear."
On 21 September, in the House of Culture in Bolekhov, a meeting was held
for the employees of the administration and for the workers of the
raion center. The chairman was Communist Icikulin from the Oblast Comadittee.
He talked about the voluntary resettlement and about the struggle of the
working people for peace and also criticized the western pourers and their
leaders who desired war. He spoke of unemployment. in the west. where
everything is sacrificed for armaments in preparation for a war against
the peace-loving nations.
On the same day there was a conference of the Party employees and secre-
taries of the Party organizations in connection with preparations for the
tenth anniversary of the unification,
On 24 September lecturer Likulin held similar meetings in the salt works
and the train construction works, during. which he spoke of the might
of the Soviet Union and appealed to the workers in time of war to de-
fend the fatherland,, One of the workers of the train construction
factory said. "You are right, comrade lecturer; when the war comes,
we shall defend - our fatherrland ? 11 The lecturer than asked the man
which was his fatherland and.he answered: The country in which I
live." The lecturer said:- "Do not be stupid." The worker th?3n said:
"It is not true what I said,;that my fatherland is the country where I
live, for if I am taken away to some uther country to live I shall not
call that-country my fatherland."
During the meeting in the salt works, Likulin said that workers in the
capitalist countries work only one day in the week and live in great
poverty with their families. The head of tha5illegib1 Union of these
works asked the lecturer how these workers could exist if they worked
only one day per week and the lecturer answered that such workers are
helped by the Soviet Union Another worker. then said that a worker in
the capitalist state earns so much that he can live on this for the rest
of the week. The lecturer denied this and said that workmen in capitalist
countries buy bread from their meager earnings, dry it, and so it lasts
them for a long time.
Similar meetings are being held in.all factories, In the villages the
Bolsheviks conducted propaganda for resettlement of the population in
the east. During the meetings the Bolsheviks pay special attention to
our movement, trying to discredit Win in the eites of -the masses, ac-
cueing-us of collaboration with the Anglo-Arneriaane, etc. The Bolshevik
propaganda is primarily conducted through the raion newapaper,which is
full of liee. For instance, 'in the paper Bolshevik Ted of 15 September,
it was stated that the library of the village of Hoshiv is visited by more
than 220 readers who have already read through 26 to 27 books, that the'
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Peasants are specially interested -in new aditione of Soviet writers, and
that they specially enjoy the works of Stalin and Lenin. In reality, the
peasants of the village of Hoshiv never read any Bolshevik books and
never visit the local library apart from a few school children.
In the paper of 29 September the Bolsheviks wrote about the life full
of poverty in Bolekhov.Raion, part of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire
and Foland. They boast of the fact that the Soviet Government helped
the peasants of the raion to rebuild 782 houses and to repair 463
buildings. They boast of the fact that, during. the time of unification,,
the Soviet Government helped the peasants of Tyeiv to build 85 houses
and 45 in-the village of Hoziiv. In reality, the peasants of Tysiv had
to rebuild their houses because part of the village was burned doyen
by the Cheka and the remaining part was burned down without the cause
of the fire being discovered. The same thing happened in Hoziiv, where
more than 40 farms were burned down and the peasants were forced to re-
build their houses. Even up to now some of the peasants have not managed
to rebuild their houses but Bolshevik propaganda is not interested in
them but only in those wno had the means-for rebuilding, to use their
efforts for propaganda purpoaes. In such away Bolshevik propaganda in
the press twists the facts to suit its aims.
45,, Pis ol Terr K, Pt Lygeatiara and Justice
Police terror practiced by the enemy is constantly increasing. Only by
terroristic methods can the Bolsheviks drive the peasants to obey their
instructions% The greatest terror, however, they use towards the Ukrainian
revolutionary movement. During the period reported on, there were no
large raids, but many ambushes were laid in the forests and villages.
During the period reported on, the Cheka laid 38 ambushes in various
places. They murder the Ukrainian insurgents and civilians who are found
near the insurgentsb In the raion during the month of September, the
Cheka killed eight insurgents, one girl, and wounded another civilian
girl who were found in the vicinity of the insurgents.
Beatings and arrests are widely practiced by the Cheka and brigades in
their dealings with the civilian population and on the slightest of
pretexts. During the period reported on, they beat 19 peasants in the
vill.ages.'and arrested 16 whom they took to the raion center,
On 9 and 12 September the Bolsheviks deported 30 families to Siberia,
a total of 106 people, from this raion; from the village of Vytvytsya they
deported 11 families - 38-persono, and from the town of Bolekhov 19
families 67 persons. They deported the families of the insurgents
.and thoee.suspected of collaboration with them.
The Bolahevike often confiscate the property of those who do not obey
government instructions and also those who are deported,. During the
period reported on, they confiscated 30 farms belonging to deported
people and one farm belonging to a kulak from the village of Tysiv,
for nondelivery of the quota and for non-payment of taxes. In the
village of'Cholhany three peasants were fined 2,500 krb for non delivery
.of the milk quota and five head of livestock were taken away from them.
Prosecutions of peasants are a daily occurrence, primarily for nonpayment
of taxes, for which they are heavily fined, and also for"being kulakas
in which case they are sentenced to banishment to Siberia.
466
Cwt on of 0 ds by Fors
During the period reported on, there was no influx of foreigners into the
raion. The foreigners who are in the raion center are Russians who settled
there after the war and occupy, key positions
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Character of he Population
47. Attitude Toward the Bolsheviks and the Reason For It
The population is hostile toward the Bolsheviks because they deport
people, sentence and beat them, fine and shoot them, etc. For these reasons
the population hates them.
This hostile attitude is proved by the following fact: On 9 September,
during the deportation from the village of Vytvytoya, Com,.uniet Topchiy
told the peasants that they were being deported for collaboration with
"bandits". The peasants protested vehemently and Topchiy shouted: "You
are all bandits." Then a woman, Natalia Hiadun, said: "You yourself are
a bandit. The people who are being deported to Siberia are good
Ukrainians., And if you say that you will deport all Banderovtei to
Siberia; it is a lie; Banderovtsi existed in the past, still exist,
and Will exist in future." Farmer Vasil Vitvitski said: "We are not
being deported because we are bandits. You are the real bandits as
you are taking away our property" The girl. Maria Krasivska shouteds
"You hangman,, why do you deport us. The time will come when you your-
selves will be deportedt" The population used many similar exa-
pressions when faced-by the enemy action. The population obeys all
sorts of Bolshevik instructions and orders only under threats of terror..
To avoid deportation, confiscation of property, jail, and beating, the
population is forced to implement some of the Bolshevik economic instruc
tionco They have to go about armed from house to house, collecting loans,,,
taxes, and quotas, or trying to get hold of young men for the FZN0.
The ;Bolshevik agitation, terror, and provocation has no great influence
on the population. Bolshevik propaganda is regarded by the population
as a pack of lies. Terror and provocation have only a temporary in-
fluence and later the population is even more hostile towards the enemy..
Through continuous Bolshevik plundering by moans of loans, taxes, quotas,
etc., the population has been impoverished and lives in constant want.
They have not sufficient food, clothing, or other necessities of life.
The culture1 educational level of the population is average.' The youth
acquires knowledge in the schools. Even in the most backward village
young people aspire to a primary education, but ouite a lot of young
men paee through secondary schools and continue at the university.
The attitude of.the population is completely hostile towards all Bolsheiik
efforts at organizing cultural-educational activities in the ;villages,.
such as clubs, cinemas; libraries, etc. These efforts have tact with no
:success up to now..
The Population's health is of average standard. There are no grave
illnesses-in the raion. We ouote below the mortality and birth figures
in the villages of-the raion during this period.
B&RTHS DEr ATHS
Rostichky
6
Knyassholuka
6
Vytvytsya
4
Tserkivna
4
Stankivtsi
2
Lypa
1
`rysiv
4
Polyarlyteya
2
Tanyava
3
Bubnyshche
2
Liryasa
2
Cholhany
3
Hosiiv
2
Pidbera h
I
Tyapche
2
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BIRTHS REM
Hoshiv
Herynya 2 1
Slobods. 1
2 2
There are health centers organized by the Bolsheviks in the villages which
gii'di first. aid in case of need, but the more serious cases are being dealt
with in the polyclinic in the town of Bolekhov.
48, Jsieologioaj ;REoz's State and National Consciousness
The ideological moral state of the population is of average standard. They
do not drink or frequent any places of entertainment, or.join any Bolshevik
organizations, and solemnly observe all the Ukrainian national holidays.
The population holds the church and religion in great respect.- They pay
regular visits to the monastery of Hoshivwhich is still active and also
visit local churches although no priests officiate. The'banning_of the
priests by the Government was a great spiritual blow to the population.
There is-no case'of any member of the population attacking or boycotting.
religion or the church.
Ow ideas are well known to the population, which realizes that we are
fighting for a USSD [Independent United Ukrainian State7, and that only
in a U83) can there be real freedom. The population is friendly towards
us and helps us with food, money, by gathering intelligence, and by
supplying all the needs and necessities for the continuation of
revolutionary liberation struggle. The people often say that if it were
not for the insurgents most of them would have been finished in the kolkhozy
'or in Siberia long ago and the Bolsheviks would have a free hand. in running
village life, They regard the insurgents as their defenders whose only
aim is this good of the Ukrainian nation and who are fighting to destroy
the Bolshevik regime and this is why they are friendly to us.
Our struggle and propaganda have a positive influence on the population.
They follow our example and resist the Bolsheviks as best they can,
knowing. that the latter are the chief enemies of the Ukraine,' who aim
at.physical and material destruction of the Ukrainian nation. Under
our influence the population resists the enemy in everything and the enemy
is obliged to use force to obtain anything from the villages.
Our appeals for practical help are obeyed by the population, which boycotts
Bolshevik organisations, collectivization, elections, anniversaries, and
delays as long as long as possible the payment of taxes, deliveries of
ouotas, etc.; Folitically, the population is more experienced than in the
pro-war years. They are interested in political events, follow them eagerly,..
and believe in and expect a war between the USSR and the, USA. They count
more on the assistance of the foreign powers than on their own reeourcea,
49. Possibilities
There is no isolation of one strata of the Ukrainian nation from another.
The population fully supports our organization and there is no place in
our raion for another one. There is a possibility of further development
of propaganda-political activity among the population At a suitable
given moment, all strataa of the Ukrainian population would join the revo-
lutionary struggle for a USS1)
For further.development of work in the raion it would be necessary to live
continuously among the masses and to destroy the spies who are preventing
the development of the organizational work. The population appeal. to us
to destroy these apiea.who are a great nuisance.
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The people from the Dnepr districts$. Party and Komsomol members, and
employees of-the administration are very hostile towards use They try
to suppress us by arms and implement all Bolshevik orders and instructions
very energetically. The people from the Dnepr districts who work in the
villages and live there permanently are friendly enough towards us. They
arrive from the SUZ already-prejudiced against us."the bandits". After
meeting the'insurgente and visiting the local population they change their
views, For instance, the school mistress who arrived from the SUZ told
the insurgents that when she first arrived she was very frightened and could
not'sleep at an 'the first night, expecting the bandits who would come to
kill her. N+xtimorning she spoke to the woman with whom she lived and,
wishing to find-out things from her, pretended to have had a nightmare in
which armed men came to her room and wanted to kill her, but she begged
for her life and they did not harm her. She asked the woman, who tried
to pacify her, whether she could see any of the insurgentsm After a while
a few came in and introduced themselves as such. At first she was
frightened, but was reassured and given a leaflet to read which made a
good impression on hero It described the life of a woman who might have
been. her mother, working from early morning till evening in the kolkhoz
for 200 grams of grain and then, late in the evening, having to work on
her own plot of ground. She took this leaflet with her when she returned
to the east and told all her family what she had learned about the in-
surgents. They were moat interested and she.tolu them that they were
people who were fighting to liberate the Ukraine. :then she was going
to the ZUZ, her parents said to hers "Go back to these good people, be
good yourself,and everything will be right for gout"
The people from the Dnepr district-who have lived in the village for a
long time are friendly towards our movement. They even wish to meet
the insurgents and often send messages asking us to visit them and send
greetings to.the insurgents. Many of them sing revolutionary songs and
are very interestea in the movement. But there are also some individuals
against whom one has to be on one's guard.
Other nationalities, such as Russians, who live exclusively in the raion
center and are active Communists and members of the Komsomol, are hostile
to our movement, help to suppress it by arms, and try to discredit it
in the eyes of the masses.
50. Conditions in Towns and Labor Centers
The inhabitants of Bolekhov are usually Ukrainians who work in the factories
and also own small farms. They have an average standard of living,, They
are discontented with the Bolshevik regime. They can see everywhere the
priority enjoyed by the newcomers from the east. add the indifference die
played by the Bolshevik Government towards the local labors The town
people contin.u-ally talk about the coming war and wait fora change. They
hope for the liberation of the country with the assistance of the foreign
powers.'
About 30 percent of the population of the towns are newcomers from the
east, Russians, Ukrainians, and others, who live in better conditions, do
better work, and display their "superiority" everywhere.
51. Losses Among the Ukrainian Population in on and Property
During the period reported on, the Cheka killed eight insurgents and one
civilian girl.
On 19 September four insurgents were killed in the bushes.near the village
of dytvytsya.. They were: k., raion head 'of the 88; L and
his combat troopers; and the girl H ,-,,,,,, _, who brought food to the insurgents.
The Chekista,.who were keeping . watch,' followed the girl with the food
and found the Insurgents and killed theca.
On 21.September, in the Zhidovets woods near the village of Tysiv, two
insurgents were killed: combat trooper Oand $, who waa,a combat
trooper of the intelligence link of the SB. The Chekists came upon them
by using a dog to track them down.
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On. 30 September, in the woods near the village of Cholhany, two insurgents were
killed, H. and C They betrayed their hiding place to the Cheka
themselves$
As a eonseouenee of the deportations which took place on 9 and 12 September,
the Ukrainian population of the raion lost 30 families.- 106 persona. On
9 September 11 families (38 persons) were deported from the village of
Vytvytoya and on 12 September 19 faai].ies (68 persons) were deported from
the torn of 3olekhovo
As a consequence of the plunder, liquidation, and confiscation of property
and searches, the Ukrainian population lost the following property and
m~ney0
On 1 September, in the village of Cholhany, the raion court sentenced the
following peasants to confiscation of livestock and to fines: Andrei Savkiv,
500 krb fine and confiscation of a cow for non-delivery of 40 liters of milk;
Falagma Teyatayura, 800 krb fine for non-delivery of 200 liters of ntiil.k$
and Anna Kanete, 19200 krb fine for non-delivery of 200 liters of milk.
.On 9 September, in the village of 9ytvytaya,.the Cheka confiscated the
property of eleven farmers, who were deported to Siberia,
On 12:'eptember, in the town of Bolekhov, the Bolsheviks confiscated the
property of nineteen farmers who were deported to Siberia.
The plunder of the Ukrainian population by the Bolsheviks in continuing..
Fer.rn-payment of taxes they take away clothing and other articles and
keep the peasants locked up in the village council until they pay up the
bum which was apportioned to them in full. The laat.method, in particular,
is often used now by the Bolsheviks, forcing the population to pay their
taxes.
The Bolsheviks permanently arply the policy of material and physical de-
struction of the Ukrainian nation and to this and they use various methods.
They would so like to impoverish the nation that there would be no opposition
to join the kolkhosy, and to enable 'the Bolsheviks to have full political
control over the Ukrainian population.
Field bivouac, 20 October 1949 (Signature deleted)
Attachment: List of coordinates for towns mentioned in this report..
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1.
Hoziiv (Huziejow)
49-04-3ON, 23-54-30E
2.
Ty8iv (Cisow)
49-3ON, 23.57E
3-
Vytvytaya (14itwica)
49-CON, 23-51E
4.
Hoohiv (Hozzow)
49-02-3ON, 23=53E
-5.
Pidberezh (Podberez)
49-03N, 23-54E
6.
Bolekhov
49-O0, 23..52E
7.
Polyanytaya (Polanica)
49O , 23'2E
8.
Bryaza (Brzaza)
48-59N, 23-39E
9.
Sloboda
:49-02N, 24..02E
10.
Cholhany (Czolhany)
49-06-4ON, 23-57E
11.
Dolina
48-58N, 24-OOE
12k.
Bubnyahche (Bubniozcze)
49-02230N, 24-43E
132
Teerkivna (Cerkowna)
49-OON, 23?47-3O
14.
Luzhki
48-58N, 23-42E
15
Horynya (Gerynia)
49=02-2ON, 23-52-40E
o
16.
Roatichky (Roztoczki)
48-58N9 23-48E
170
Knyazholuka (hniazal.uka )
49-03N., 23-54E
.
18~
Stankivtoi
49-00N9 23-30E (approximately)
19
- Lupa (Lipa)
48-57N, 23..43E
20
Tanyava (Taniawa)
-49-O6-30N, 23-46E
.
21.
Tyapche (Tiapcze)
49-O1-3ON, 23-54-20E
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