THE UTILIZATION OF MEMBERS OF THE UKRAINIAN UNDERGROUND WHO LIVE LEGALLY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00415R008600070003-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 13, 2001
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: July 19, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

? INIELLOFAX 1 Approved For Release 2001/09/10 : CIA-RDP83-00415R008600070003-6
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CLASSIFICATION S:i:;CRET/C;IT.R(1L-US
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OR MATO REPORT
COUNTRY US S2 (Ukrainian SSR)
SUBJECT The Utilization of ,-embera of the Ukrainian
-
25X1A Underground Who Live Legally
'PLACE TOR CRITICALSECURITY REASONS
ACQUIRED US REPORT IS NOT TO BE FURTHER
.ANSMITTED WITHIN THE UNIAW
DATE OF LATES, Oh LEI:CND TEE BORDERS
INFO. F THE UNITED STATES, WITHOUT
HE EXPRESS PERMISSION OF THE
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THIS COCCIONT CODITA109 UFCMMIOI1 APFCCTii10 THE CATIOIIAL OEMS
OF THE 071iTZEI OTAVV5 WITHIN WO LICAttIlIG OF Th IfSPIONACZ ACT 90
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OF ors COGITCATS IN ARV MAOISM TO AR 9111167110111120 I:
81311110 CT M. PITFP.ODUCTIC;$ OP MI5 FORT IS enoluorro.-
SOURCE
1A
REPORT NO.
ereACIALS 25X1A
CD NO.
DATE DISTR.
19 July 1961
NO. OF PAGES 2
NO. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
Members of the Ukrainian Underground Who Live Legally
1. Although it is impossible to say haw maw members of the underground or,
what percentage of the total live legally as citizens of the Soviet Union,
there are five main categories of persons who, in a manner of speeleteg,
load double existences. That is, they are persona Who live legally and
overtly but who are secretly members of the underground "reserve oorps"
at the same time. These categories are listed in descending order of
importance to the underground, Which corresponds to the number of persons
found in each category:
a. Farmers and their COMA
b. Workers in cities, towns, industrial areas, etc.
c. Exiles in Siberia
d. Draftees in the Soviet Army
e. ;lembers of Communist organizations
2. The Ukrainian underground finds its greatest support mnong farmers. Since
the end of the Second World War, many UPA members were instructed to return
home and to legalize their existence at the first opportunity. The confusion
which attended the close of the war and, later in 1946 and 1947* the mass
forced evacuation of Ukrainian families from both sides of the present
USSR-Polish border offered excellsnt opportunities for partisans to slip
back into legal livelihoods without being noticed. The security and supply
problems of the underground at tho end of the war demanded that the total
number of partisans in the woods be reduced. The systematic return of
underground personnel to civilian life therefore boo rime standard practice.
Haturally, many farmers who fUrnished food and shelter to partisans had
never gone underground. Currently most of the farmers who contribute
sorvioes and suppliee to the underground are not members of any of the
undergrounds organizations in any strict sense. Since there is practically
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DISTRIBUTION
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CEWTRAL INTELLIGENCE ACeNCY
no rural foully in the Western Ukraine which does not have a relative or
close friend who is in or has been in the underground, the UPA and all other
branches of the underground depend an this section of the civilian population
more than any other. If the peasants were not sympathetic to the partisans,
the latter could not exist.
3?, Many members of the underground who lead normal, overt existences live
in cities or towns or factory areas. Western Ukrainian youths are often
sent to murk in the Eastern Ukraine, particularly in the coal mines.
These youths have spread resistance movement propaganda, formed cells,
etc., in the factories. City dwellers who have contact with small govern-
ment officials often render valuable services to the underground. For
example, a person with a friend in a printing office can arrange to have
travel authorizations or work orders made. Since all important identity
documents must have official stamps and seals on them, the importance of
such contacts is readily understandable.
4. Natueally, deportees in Siberia are unable to render any direct service to
the underground forces in the Ukraine. They are able, hewover, to spread
facts about the Ukrainian struggle for liberation among the other exiled
nationalities. They strive to raise the morale of the other exiles and to
organize anti-Communist cells. Thus, Ukrainian nationalists have organized
anti-Conmunist sentiment in all areas where they have found themselves.
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5. Consonant with the UFA program of keeping the bulk of its potential members
out of the moods, many youths are encouraged to join the Soviet army when
their age group is called up. By this means the TPA gives its candidates
or members two years military training and. often a specialists skill.
In addition, the UFA is able thus to keep abreast' Of the latest Soviet Axesr
methods and equipment. Soldiers of the Soviet Army tend to be friendly towards
members of the Ukrainian underground and vice versa, There is here- a bond'
cf sympathy between the downtrodden. The Soviet Army units which serve in the
Ukraine spread by mord of mouth accounts of UFA. exploits When they are
stationed outside the Ukraine. The young Ukrainian draftees create cells
of resistance within the army by organizing the malcontents among their
comrades, helping to kindle hatred against political officers in each unit,
etc. In this manner the Ukrainian underground movement has made the Soviet
Army into one of its greatest indirect alliee.
6. The /est category comprising underground. members who hide their true
motivation and lead double lives, overtly as ardent Communists and covertly
as equally ardent Ukrainian nationalists, is by far the smallest croup.
Through past experience the underground has cone to view long-range pene-
tration and sleeper operaticns with disfavor. In earlier years the under-.
ground did try to slip persons into the MVD, Communist Party, etc., but it
was found that the results of suoh operations wore negligible In terms of
information, costly in terms of personnel, arid almost always a waste of
time. The kidnapping and interrogation of an riVD officer, Communist Party
official, etc., of medium to hig4 level rating was Bleep aa operation
more suited to the talents of the underground and a more expedient way of
collecting information, The leaders of the underground also feel that a
nen with enough talent to rise in the Soviet heirarchy into a position of
major trust can better be employed in the underground itself. Sir= the
higher one climbsin Soviet officialdom, the more minutely one's past is
scrutinized, the undergrcund -fears that the background of their man would
disqualify him for high office. The anti-partisan units of the Vi and
the MGR are naturally the prime military and intelligence targets of the
underground, but usually Ukrainians are not found in such units. The
underground receives information on most phases of life within the Ukraine
fraa its awn members, but information on inner workings of Soviet organizateons
is easier to obtain by abduction and interrogation than by mounting long.
range penetration operations,
SECRET/CONTROLUS OFFICIALS ONLY
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