THE OIL FIELDS OF GEORGIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00415R007900010002-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 29
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 7, 2012
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: May 8, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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I III, I", {' P,~ t
P'T
The Oil Fields of Georgia
CLASSIFICATION
CENTRAL IiI NTCLL;Li
.-U.S. OFFICIALS ONLY
dENCY REPORT
CD NO.
DATE DISTR.
NO. OF PAGES
INFO MATiO'?N. a'
1951
- U. 5C- Ill AND 32A: AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION
Of ITS COTENTS IN N+ MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON 15 PRO
CLASSIFICATION SEC /CO ' L-U. S. OFFICIALS ONLY
1450X1-HUM
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ST NAVY NSRB
DISTRIBU
AIR T PN
SUPPLEMENT TO,
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
 a i
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T' OIL FIBLD:, ny ' ' n. .
( TO GRTJ7.Fjj2 ) .
UM nP C rMM-t
I. --
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
II. ?'NrtDUCTInK? ?
4
1. Yirsnani oil field ??
2. Malys Shiraki field , . . ? . ? ? ?
3. Norio-Martkobi ? ...... ? ?
4. Subsa-ompareti fields ? ? ? ? ? ' ? 7
ZTp nBATI r J AREAL nF GE 1Q IA . . . . . . . . . . 7
III.
A. Regional 4eo 1flg7 ? .
B. Stratigraphy . ?
1 .. lf~
C, Tectonics . '
THE EZPLn}.ATI ^r: AREAS n!P CURIA ? ? i
1. Xotabeni. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? . . . .1
2 Shromis-Terri . . . . . . . . . ? ? ? . , ' .
3. Guliani. . . ?
TST UPLOBATIf% AFQ AS r"F IL1-.Ri,TIA . . . . ? ? . ? 12
1. Bagdadi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
2. Parzhali 12
3, Zvar . . 13
4, Demsey-Hevy .?.????.?.'.~..13
5. Vahsni . . . . . . . . . . ? ?
Tti,E XXPLn . TI 2l Ah. -A3 nF S^UTkA603E:TIA & RACIII B}.GIrV.
a. Tsona zon. .14
1. zona area .14
2. Lease . ,15
3. Martkajin .
4. Vatra . . . . . . . . . r . . . . r . . ? . . ..15
15
5? rui . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . .
D. a .. 15
1; a eti . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . .15
2 i{orta .
Java zone . . 15
Java. 2. bn.ji . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
THE EXPL"R-IT I nN AR AS nF KAHE T IA . . ? ? . .. ? . ? 6
1. Ildoheny 16
. ? .I
2. Kavtis-Hevy ? . ? ?1
3. Gombory .17
. 17-
4. aura asny
a . as a Ko to dzL zone .
1. ra 1- ery . . . . . . . . . . . . ? .l8
2 Dash-',(us . . . ? . . . . . . . . .. .18
iassman zone
? ~.8
.
ss s- H evy . ?
19
-
k
ay
A
2. Kajusins
3 Kila..Cupra
.
4. Didi..C}or
Tarib ani . . ? .
. ?
Bek-Bulak . .. .
. .
?
19
. . .
19
. . . . . . . - 29
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T s
20
?surer-T PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? .20
Uidy 21
. 21
ln. ?ulki-?spa, Chats . ? . . . . . . . ? ? ? ? ? . ?
11. Aylar-^'ighi .21
ay&ian--?ukisn cone
.21
1. }fin"e - I Zpr . . . . . .22
2 ? ? .22
Ya1sn-1' kirm . . . . .22
.22
. ? .. ? . ?
1, t a ih . . . . . 22
r11 Tr Th AXr ft n1' }h~iit3IA ? .22
3s . ~`ili R ?
.23
IV.,IU.
v . Sx't.i:_~r I(:tiTl ~'b~ ^i+''~t}~lLsiv CI` ITS'r? _ IL_ . 24
c `;Js . . . . . . 25
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T~ 'ILYIELDS AF GEnE rIA.
( TIM GRUZIiEFT ).
I . p TI' N .
Georgia is bordered by the Krasnodar territory, Stavro-
pol region, Kabarda, Korth-Oeetia, and Groany region in the
North; the Lagestan autonomous republic and the Azerbaijan S.
n i
B.H. in the East and the south-East Ap~1l
, Amsn.[a and Turkey in the
South, whereas in the West her frontiers are limited by the
Black Sea.
With a total area of about 64, Onn square kilnmeters, the
StSt'R. of Georgia has a population of over 2, 8^O, ^l, icluding
the Abhazi and Adjari autonomous republics and the South-f$setiat
autonomous region, which are corn riled within the limits of
Georgian republic. s 1#1 A4
Subtropical ali.a.te #o odn& bone (,f Georgia enabled
the Soviets to develop to a considerable extent tea plantations
;;
(over 55,^nf hectares), vineyards, orange, tangerine and lemon
growing, and tobacco culture (2^, n^^ tons per year). A further
extension of these plantations is expecte4 in the imrediate
future. I addition, wheat, ai4g`a~r "Seat, cotton and a
"O"S
number of c UGUS plants,{ such as eucalyptus, oamlher-tree,
raml4,tun,3*, eto., are cultivated in the country.
Industrial production has also ruch increased in Georgia
since the last fiftoen years. Thus, for instance, a new cen-
tre of steel industry was recently created at Rustavi, located
at a distance of only 12 ki3.otraters to the South-East of Tbili-
si, the capital of the republic. The output of the Rzatavi
works includes: steel, rolled steel, pig iron, eta., and the
iron ore is supplied by the Daehkesan mines, situated in the
adjacent Azerbaijan. Mininig industry is represented in Geor-
gia by the well-known Chiaturi manganese mines (about 2,^^^,^O0
tons of manganese ore per year), and the Tkvaroheli and Tkvibui
li collieries (with a total Annual output of aplroxiwately
2,3nn,nnO tons of coal for both districts). The exploitation
of Tkvarcheli and Tkvibuli crllieries is being intemAified by
thd' Grusugol oombinat" (Georgian Coal Corporation) since the
end of the war, while the development of the manganese ore pro-
duction is also being carried out at Chiaturi,the second, after
likopol, manganese area in the U.S.S.R.
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tour powerful hydroelectric Plante and a number 6F! dafti l
power stations, with a total apacity of 19(, 5V kwtts,%*d been
erected in Georgia between 1945 and 1951- Among these, Rion..t}es
and gram-Ges, constructed on the Rion river and Hrem river, res-
pectively, are the most iwporant (See the map hereto attached).
Mechanical conatruction industry, cement, cherical, textile
I
paper, pulp, as well as other branches of light industry,eudh as
fruit preserves, wines, brandy, etc. continue to increase their
output. A new automobile plant has been recently comrleted at
Kutaisi, the second city of Georgia, with an initial annual out-
put capacity of 15,nnn cars. ` Kutaisi in also a centre of tex-
tile (silk, wool and clothing industry.
At Tbilisi, footwear, leather, textile mills, and clothing
manufacturing factories have een created. A number of 'other -
goods, such as sugar,grain oii, meat and butter, are pro'th1cbd in
large quantities in Georgian republic.
Draining of the Kolhida swamps led to the extension of cul-
tivated surfaces over newly r6covere1 areas of arable land:. The
irrigation of the Samgor plain by means of the Iori river ' waters
was undertaken since 1948. he creation of a network of email
hydroelectric plants permitted to supply country districts of
Georgia with oheal power and electric light.
Last but not least, ae~i+rgia possesses to oil indue+try,
which comprises the batum refineries, linked with Baku by channel
of three main pipe-lines, and exploited by The Asneft refining
department (The Asneftepererebotka) 3 small refineries at 'bilisi
and Hirseani, operating on Georgian orttde, as well as a iijuiber of
small exploited oil fields situated in various regions of the re-
public ( in Guria, Tiflis d.istrict,and Kahetia).
The oil fields of Georgia are controlled by The Grrusneft
(Georgian oil) trust, which was organised in 193n, and which has
taken over investigations for petroleum in a number of explora-
tion areas of Georgia. Until July 1939, The Grusneft had been
comprised into the network of the Asneftedobycha organisation
(Azerbaijan nil Production); since that date, however, it reoei-
ved a complete autonomy of its activities. This reorganisation
was carried out in the anticipation of a rapid growth of crude
production of the Grusneft, following the discovery of new oil
bearing areas of Korio-1Lartk6bi and Subsa-(pareti. The earlier
hopes regarding the pro life of these areas were not justified,
however, by the further exploitation, and these fields retleined
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ct /
ever since oil producing areOLs only of a minor irl)ortanee. The
aruzneft continues to oi,eraat as a separate Soviet oil treat,
and this despite its very li ited crude production, whici at
the present tire is of an or 8r of 12n,nnn tons per year.
In addition to the em l1 exploited oil fields, which wit;
of exploration work in varin
mined in tL.e chapter III of
facilitate the study of inT
territories a1rr~ st in everTo
be briefly described in the ext paragraph, there exist 3n Oeor-
gia a considerable r ur..her of `exploration areas spread over large
of her prnvinoes. The pio ress
regions of Georgia will be aka-
present report. In order to
tigpti^as for petroleur of, the
Gruzneft, a rr tp of The ^i1 F 1. Ids of Georgia will be found here?-
II. PF+`?DaCTI'" _
Crude oil is being prclduce3 now in the following aril
were(' late in 1938 std put
finally Subsa-^r-l.preti wa:;
fields of The ~ ruzr~el't b 1. r as ; 2. 3hiraki; 3 .~torio-Uartko-
bi; and 4.Subsa-1,riareti. t irat cn-' erciai quantities of oil
were obtained at Mirzaani in wherfees rulirentarg yrpduc-
tion was known at z)hirak_i sirpe 186), 1 orio-Martkobi was disco-
All tn^ese sr. ' i. ?firlds yield, so f r, but t
limited production, thei- ave~agc tally yields varying
2 and 5 tons per 11.
ve dry
.between
The production situatiofz d(-vi~iopel in th;s r ieiis 01',T :e
Jruznert -s r' 11o x;;
C RU .
_ ^ L I'R'r'~rC 1 I ^ti ^ } aE^I-.v IA
Year.
1931
1932
uric Tons
,
4,')fl^
193
5,3
1934
6,1
1935
7,2
1936
8,nYo
1937
25,^^n
1938
46, .,
1939
61, ^^^
1940
82, 5 r1n
1950
ll~, n^n
or regular production in 194~,,y and,,
brr~ught intn prodLuction in 194n.
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 Shiraki, the capacity o:e a' small refinery located at trsaani
With the inoreaso' 4 'crude production at Uirzaani and
i3
the outbreak of the 'var. on the one hand, and a very slow prog-
resa of iriling operations and poor average yielde in teorgisa
fields, on the other hand, here resionsible for the i~act, that
crude production increas'e in Georgia only on a very mited
scale since 1941 (11^, nl)6 tons in 195r,, as against 822 5r`r tons
in 1"e)). A - summary on tht- exploited fields of The Grusne ft
kobi and Subsa-nmpareti an a considerable incregee 0"f yields
at Mirzaani and Sniraki, al raid develoi;rent of the ruzneft
crude production was expected for the period 1941-194. But,
7ollowing the discovery of new -il fields at oric+-.dart-
crude oil produced in the iubsa-nrpareti area are befn refi-
ned at Batumi.
obtained at Mirlaeni and, S ira*i, while small quantitlee of
t a
up to 500 tons in 194!", inI, order tr treat the whole or crude
jl*t jintake capacity of the Oirsaani refinery has been nc`r a se
laid by the and of 1940 between Shireki and Kaohreti." The Em
remedy this situation a '68hkilometers long pipe-line s been
11 rl
became insufficient to treat all the crude available, IM to
can be found below.
i
1. rsaani oil f
elds
this area since a very long time. A few shallow wells were
Mirsaani is located, at a distance of about ll() lQme-
tors to the South-East of `bilisi. Surface oil seepages and
F..
crude production by means of rudir;entary r'ethnds were maws in
drilled here as early as,] 7'~. Deep teat drilling was star-
Fos, 18,4^ and 41 have been put on regular production in 1937.
Average yields of produein, wells at mirseani varied between
3 and 5 tons per day and per well.
ring area of 350 heetaree.JA 18 wells were drilled in 1931;
26 - in 1932; 40 - in 193j 1e, 4'j - in 1934; 16 - in 1936. (Nos.
14,1'j,18,21,33,33,4n,41,42,,44,52,54,55,56,6n, and 86}. Wells
Exploration work was resumed by The Gruznett in lyn.
li gal
A number of test wells w or
completed in this area between 1931
and 1936, when contour drilling was achieved around anrtoilbea-
continued at a depth of , meters.
=
ted at Mirseani in 19271 , but no de-
finite results were obta.n-d and drilling oper. tinny were dis-
4,
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Nine new weals had been completed here in 1939,'when
the exploited area of Miraaani reached about 15^ hectares.
An eateneion of this area up to 4nn or _. 5nn hectares was ex-
pected for 1941, but the beginning of the war bm stopped
test drilling operations of The Gruzneft. Exploration work
was rt,su med at Mirzaani since 1946, but no new discoveries
of any particular interest were reported frnw this field, and
Mirsaani still retrains a shall oil producing area of 4 local
inportano^ .
2. Ma1yia Shiraki.
This field is situated in about 15 kilor:etere to the
South-East of Mirzaani (See the Yap of The "il Fields of Geor-
gia attached to the present report). The Malyia Sh!rski val-
ley is survunded by mountains and the area is formed of Upper
Pliocene ( Akchaahyl and A sheronian) deposits and of tapper
Miocene (Shirakien) 3tr tt-a. The Shia.}-J. structure is a mo-
noclinal fold,corrj licated by an overthrust. ShirQkian stage
Of the Upper Miocene Series is oiihearing in this fill. Eight
oilbearing horizons had been discovers l by the wells which
*ere completed at Shiraki; their general thickness reaches
43 meters. Horizon IV shrikes at a depth of 295 r!eters; ho-
rison V - 27 meters thick - at n depth of 36I~u*r;,'rized in the- 3trtitigr?tp i oe1
""I i esented
table hereto ~:ttr~chec , Tertiary atrt.t?_ 're well repr
in t1 c plaire of eorgia, w tr: the exeeptinn of the and
la
especially Middle tilocc :,cries, the 3sst ones being bet ir.
almost c1,11 exploration nlr44s cf ;ris region. A s far if oi-h 'be
ascertained at the yreient 'vine, Cretaceous and Jura a tiepo-
site are predominant in the mountain areas. The pr6 ern of
the origin of tteorgian oil could not, so far, be solv6 l: by
the Soviet geologi3ts, whereas som of then. believe !lOrgian
oil to be of Lias, origin abd explain its Aisoovery in ogre
recent formations(Oligoaene and Miooene, for instance , as
a result of migration from Juraesio sediments, c, there eeia
to be inclined to content he seoondery origin of ni `e-couznu-
lations which are encountered in Tertiary depnsits.
Ar:cng various reser 6ir rocks discover'd in t3eorgia
es. Upper Miocene Series ( hirakian and Sarmatian ra IVAAAO a)
?
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1
Shirskian stage is all producing in South-Eastern Ka-
hetis (Mirsaani and Shiraki oil fields), as well as at Norio
-Msrtkobi, whereas Sarratie+.n Series are developed in the root
part of the exploration areas of jeoigia; thoy are of bearing
in Gu.ris (Subs' Ornpareti fields), and oil indications were en-
countered in this etagP in Ireretin and Kahetia).
b/.kiidle iocene eriea~?{arsRnndian Cho r>srian~.
These formnti,)ne altirn proved to be ilbearing in Suris,
whereas oil _ndicationh of` varying impr rtnnce were meat in Mit'4
dle Kioeere Series in Irer+tia, Snsth-laetia and Kanetia.
Chokrakinn-SpiriKlis state seems to be of a partic?ii tr inte-
rest.
c/. Lower Mircene Uppe.r__niiig eene Series daikopian
Maikopinn aeries fom the nilbearinr; thickness of No-
rio-Martkobi area (Knhetin ; sore oil indications were also
encountered in these depos ? is in the South of -ahetiaaand in
d/o mower Tome(Konsky stR~?
nil indications wef- found in Konsky f^rr^ations in
diffewent parts of 1eorti a,, namely: South-nsetip, Mahie is and
South-r astern Kahetia.
a/. Ui er CretaceU Series (Pnnian & 3enonism
In these formations, well developed in the province+
of Irneretia and partly ebsent in South-nsetin, sore o+i' iadi
cations were encoi ntered . 3ononian and Turrnie.n et ee.
fl. Upper Jurassic (Tithonian, rcfordian &. Ce i ovian) .
Oil indionti'ns were discovered in these dep63 to in
the flanks of the Tsona at. acture (South-nsctia); the Juras:-}ic
system was not yet tested in Ciuria, Iraeretia and bahea-,
g/. ldiddie Jura i Paiocian-,1oLh-Tzitic) Series
forphyritic sa41rent'a are well ropreseyted in he
lz
Teona zone of Sou h-f)set In where the? are oilaenri whereat
in the most part of other rovinoes of Georgia these-ormatioJ
were not as yet tested,
h/2 Lower Jurassieias 6eries.
With the xcepti n of the South-nsatia, where Liae
deposits are bein,4 explora , and a- r, oil indications were
disoover~.d in these format ins, the Lower Jura 3:~ic Series
were not, so far, tested in the exploration areas of the
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C C. ectnnic~~
Conaiderxble nurnb,,r or anticlinal uplifts are encaunte-
red in Georgia, and theme ores be classified by the degree of
their uplift intr two fn11e w1ng groups: a. Lnw angles gently elo?
ping a ticlines and b. Hediiun high overthrust "ntiel i nee. Tec-
tonic str:cturA of theme fnl:ds IF, v,Anorafiy, very crr+rlioated
and has, an far, not 1. nn' etiffiriearrtly studied to orrable up- to
priese,nt any genor,.%*A:.P.i p star. of, i.hhie regior, an trot we have
to lirsit 0ur3elves to a brief ieBerip tion of varinuK ie!-leted
areas, thpre. rese-e.rch work bas been carried out up to tje pre-
sent.
Oil aces r.ulation s 'arid h?ir.g, gonerKily, et'toounte+rc in
anticlinal itrnaturaa, in tivi done of .inconforrnitien. These
structures, the to ctonla t-Or which is mu~ih Complicgte 6 by the
existences of vari:ius faults'' and overthruats, strike, in the
most ;art of tr.i dasaa, trth North--Wtim; to 3nuth-.:,r+st.
In nrc?er to frcilitnte th"" study (if varl"us exp 'ration
arena of the Gruzneft, we tali exar^ine them, suer essively, fret
West to Last, with the hh1 of the raj,, att-.che-' to the present
report. To the gram; of *Cei*ern areas belong the structures
situated in the provinces 6f '.curia, AbhasiR, foll-wed by those
of Ir eretia, :;-iuth-^H:~ti + hachi, and Kahetia. Th:e explora-
tion areas located in South-and East-Kahetia are adjacent to
those or Azerbaijan, which have helm already described in an
earlier report.
A. THHS NXkL11tATI1i. 4.B:r1S nk. GUFtIA,
Geolegieel ins msttigrntions were At.xrteci by the Servi eta in
1926 in a numbsr of ~xp?.nx~r~.tior. areas Hit?e.nt++d in the province
of curia. After a few y#ir.rs of resesreh work, however, these
operations were discontinued to be resumed ^nlt in 1;.36. Seve-
ral interesting; structures had been discovered since in Quria,
where oil indications of varying irportanee were encountered.
Among theme structures cao be particularly r;Antioned;Y The ',Prim
lety ridge and. the Adjari-Iriereti rruntain chain, which extends
in almost a latitudinal d.ire,itnn from West to Last, for more
than 15e) kilometers, between the Black-3ea cost magi the Tbilis
area in the East,
The exploration areas lying on the Blaok_3ea coast seen
to be of a particular interest, due to frequent surface 'oil
100
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Millie Miocene (3hokrak.Rn=i;)ir.in-~.i:t) de-1-sits.
seepages, known in this gebergl area. 3oologieal o++n itions
make the task of explorers' rer_T ur.grateful. In view of an in-
sufficient study of varione nil areas of 3uriq, thirA exist a
variety of opinioas regarding the tectonic stricture a M the
origin of oil in this reji+r. "III B-eraj.;es are being encoun-
tered all along th' l'ri;-tle y ri cige . I'll i nc i catinna, gbheral?
ly, corrasponel here to 7 p~r i:i ceer.e ( nrrrt+ti an) beriee, and
In addition to 4er l~gical research work, test drilling
was organized in Guria, anl} w.-Le cnrrie i o'it for a nurtbir of
years before the war. 1! t Positive results were obtained
jr. ly28; when few test 4e In yielded -ii in ind.ustrial quan-
tities at ^rnpareti and 3ub~a.
for petroleum are being continued at ,.otaheni.
A sur"ryarv dcsrriptinn of the explnr ttinn work, *hi 6h is
beir cant finned In ii ffF,Tpt arias of Gurin, i , given below
1. Notabeni?
This nxp:inratinn .r a IF locat' t in a few kiitorretore
from the rai lwav `atsti n bring the acre nar^e, and at a iiis-
tanee of about }^ ciln^+erera to tti:e br rth-r:ast of the town Of
Batlirri. Geolosicn r~grar~ work was starteel at Nota'beni, where
natural of seepages were known since K inng tire, and_teet
drilling was undertaken in Ithin area, f-ilowing the discovery
of,oil in commercial gtlantitios at r'rpareti. Alth"ugh up to
the present, nn definite rosuits were ohtsined, inveetAgations
At Shromie-Tani, located about 15 kilometers"'t0'the,
Morth of Notabeni an anticlinti uplift RKs di coverer this
anicline is formed by jpjer Miocene (~gr~-atiar,) Series=and.
Middle Itiocena ~Chokrakian Spiriaiis) depnsi ts, whereas it, its
Eastern flank Lo+rer Miocene and Upper ^ligoceue (Maikc pian)
d. Shrnmis Temi.
j. uliani
via-Terri, bu; so far, no d seoreries were reported.
formations are encountered The structure is overlape1'by
a secondary folding and is characterised by extremely c&rrjli-
cated tectonics. Geoingieal research work is being carried
out in this area and test riliinJ was als(, started at
Geolotrioyl axplnrat.on work was organized at 5u i&ni,
situated at a distance of bout 6 kilometers in the Vofth-Bas
tern direction of Notabeni Station. Surface oil seepages
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i `~ ~
were known to exist in t6ie area for a long time. to e `inite
result' were nbtnine4l, fn" tires tire being,at Cluliani.
P . TJ. 9L- -l ` AREA'IF X11 RETIA.
~;xploraticn arena b longing to this region are e-Ok1T
lyir,d in the c"ntrn1 art f Tr?orretin, liritel by the hehio
bhali river - in ten Nnr`t =-i t; 3vanetin 9MI 3o11th-^setia, i.r
the North; Tbilisi prnvihce, in the ;?;aa*, and Adjnri-T*et1eti
ridge, in the Uoutt..
"il seepagP3 wer, w c:c untE-ro' in 1-reretin i4i iertiai'y
and Gretaceo: de,'yr s-i ai~ its believed, hr-wever, thnt' o 'l
shows found in Se nenian r-nr: J'ury n1an strigti ts of JI?r r 'C ~e"l &C6a
`Te rt i a-
Ser. lees nrm of a s~cnn3a*~ ^ri.,i:z. ^~1 i:^:?iCetie~n:: ~~t r.
ry deposits arc lirnite'll jr, this prr vines to Mica le-i tocene (Chok-
rakiir1..~i~. Ir, sptte of thy' f-ct th t o 1 seepa-
6as were known in Ir-:ro?ti tilr~.-jciy in 13x5, an~. gP-ingi'ca] irves-
tigntioas were carried out Hi.n thi a region for rc n-.ir'e, f years,
no deep test iri_,..L:_ng xri.i tvido- taken in Iner%tia uxti
Amongst the mm ;anr'0,.tinn %ro'ts of Ir"eretin cons" cicred by
the Soviet deo is gists tc hn1 of certain inter;'Bt can be `insrtioued
the following:
1. bngladi.
This ares is Inc-to th about 3^ kilnret-ra to the South-
, ,; .
Last of the town of Kutnisi :iurfaoe oil shows hay t r' disco-
a
ve r?ed at Bag(ia'?i about riftv oearc ago, and th* seer of a
par-.icuinr intovest. "Ton L gical 'nvestignti,ns ware .err d{ cel-
ly started, 'iisnon-r irut'ci rert3w'ed in the province of46 Kutaisi,
No positive reoults were, s! !'f:'", ohta r.ef' nt . nvda ti.
rn'rs:hali ~y.r Srati'~ r. '~re:t 1w lv4 *t h ei rtNrcf, ni 25
kilometor:i to the ,Scutt--...aoc o i)r.gdicri. :,e( :L, ricr-L ex lo, rat
work result':d at rarzha.li i~ the disc-very r,f an ant I c1nnII fold,
forrred of Miocene derosit,s, Ili! indi_crtirns wPre- encrttered in
the Southern and, ir_ FL iese.er prolrrtion, in the Northern clanks
of this s.ructure. Ietri I!d research work was erge.nizr+d in
this area only since l94, when shallow test drilling was Aso
started, A few ahaj.low to{rt wells, driijed tr` averry a depths
of 165 meters, yielded inaionificantroil showings fro idr_le
Miocene (Karagandian) Series, whereas Chokrakian-Spirialia eta ?
of the same Series proved t? be waterlog-d in this are+w., P-
wng
110-i
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these unsatisfactory recurs, rurt:.er expirr-=':ion work was tem-
porarily ,fiscont: -nue3 in this .;root.
3. ZvaLr
In the vicinity of 411var, located at a diet-,nee of about
12 kilometers to the North-west of iarzhali, oil indications
were discovered in Chor:rak1an-5pirialis (;piddle Miocene) depoa
site. The Viocene frryrnti;ons of ',var area form an extension
of the larzhali strictiJre. Geological research work was un-
dertaken at :var, but no definite results were as yet obtained
here.
4. Lemeey-Hevy.
Demsey-Fle'y ex;~_Ior'-.ti;nr. area is sitilrt td AW 15 k pmeters
to the cast o fHaraguii atation of the rlbiiisi-1atumi railway.
A synclinal fold was disc(ver,:d in this area, and oil seepages
were encountered in the imre,iiat. vicinity of the village of
Lemsey-revy. ^il occurence corresponds here to several hori-
zons of Chokrakian-3piriali'es stage (Mid::ie Miocene Series).
Geological investigations are oeing continued at Lemsey-Hevy.
5. VRtani.
In this areny lying to the EaAt of t' A preceding one, gec -
logical investigations r.e-rr urAArtaren in order to discover
otbor synclinal structures fnrr'ed by tv inoenp deposits. go de-
finite results were, an far, obtained here, the Miocene forma-
tions being legs developed eat Vahani, than it has been earlier
expected.
Recent geological study carried pout in Imeretia led
to the hypothesis, that the areas situated to the North-East
and East of the town if Kutsisi seer to be of a particular in?-
tereet for further research work. To these areas belong:
muiji, located in the gone of ^kriba structure, where osekerit
deposits are knotn, at a distance of sore ?3 kilometers of Ku-
taisi; and 1i e situated on the Rion river, in about 30
kilometers to the South-leant of Kutai.ni. A number of large
folds were discovered at Djugali, but no definite results werq
so far, obtained in this area.
C.
This region of Georgia is situated in the middle part
of the Southern flank of the Great Caucasus chain, and it is
130
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qj
1irs?rnnt'-!n (Upper Nioce-
ns) deposits; thus(, dor,%'L ui iii'tF, it-? situated in the vioini-
,;y of the vil:ta,*efd ryf_ is#i nr.:i Ganushici. In view of the fact
that in arers nu itc''-'t * e structures Itaikorien sandstones
are genera:. ly i,i tttv:.n~,,ts, r;~ .; i i scnva red d-res arsy be interes-
ting for expiorntion. Innurruch as t Piko iKn aerif:K is we:,l
rerresynted in LhiF? r65~erg, it. in axr?4eted tc' disce?ver other
atructlirc:, more iavrurabt: for t9st ni these fortrations. deolo
gical resear~,n work is b itqS contin-tel in :-ibhazia.
In addition, oxyi.cmratinn wcrk ?Pe a1:-^ nrgnnised in Min.-
grelia, but, an lar, no definite, results wnrG obtained in this
province.
T .i n ,I'GIn
With rt V1 t::'i VW :ice .~~,,Fr~,ctuction of about 5$9),h tone
since .'..y of r:xplr?'-,aticrn of it fiF-id3 (including
the) earlier lxoc'.acLien 'r, .,r rreaLc of r.?ndir?ont.ry metha4B), the
crude of . resr.rv.:s of the ..xrui,zt ?f't can he estimated as followst
rjj . 3. escurvess.
go ry,
Frnven
bf:r-i-i riven - , , , "! C)
ProhP.bie
50X1-HUM
-------------------
T".e rthnve upon t'i calcu~atiOfl of
vsrio'te oate;~nrins r)f ;; l6 ic't por.roae.u rosnrvos in veorgis,
made as of .Tai.uitry let, '15 1, fallowing the disco-very of pew
eilbearir,3 ~rcns rr.d :'u1:) -"rrpareti,
the total smovnt
of crude reserves of 3eo]rg a should be estimated at a aino ^nre
important figura, but, so ir, such a too aptir~1st1o apyracia=-
tion' was not justifier" by `acts; anus in our of inion t`hf above
given figures are more adequate, than any exagerated e? tii?tea
of potential reserves ogGeorgia.
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?. IIP1CIFICATI TS OF GZMa?AX CRQDZ OILS
Below are given a few specifications of the rest typical
crude of The Grusneft:-
1. Shiraki orud~e .
Specific gravity at 20?0 -
n.885
Engler viscosity at 5MC -
1.211
Flash point (Abel-lanky) -
^?C.
Paraffin content (Golds) -
11.55 %
Coagulating point below -
-2'?C
Sulphur content about -
(`.2 %
Resins content -
34.11 %
Coke content (Conradson) -
7.1 %
Acid content in S03 -
4.412 %
------------- ---------------------------------------------------
2. Hirsasni Crud4 ( Horison VI).
Specific gravity at 20'C - 4.885
ndler viscosity at 5n?C - 1.79
Paraffin content (Golds) - 11.4 $
Coagulating point below - -206C
Sulphur content abo it - M.2 %
Coke content (Conradson) - 4.21 %
Acid content in 99 S43 - n.fll fi
3. Yirsaani Crude
Specific gravity at 200C
Engler viscosity at 500C
Paraffin content (Golds)
Coagulating point
Sulphur content
Resins content
Coke content (Conradson)
Acid content in f 8113
(I4prison IE) .
0.871
1.51
- 11.5 %
below - -204C
about - rA.2 %
Generally, Georgian crudes are subdivided into two gronpet
a. paraffinuous crudes, and b. paraffinless crudes with high
resins content. Both these types of crude are rich with bensine
fractions and poor in kerosene fractions. Gasolines with low oc-.
take number are being obtained from these crudes, as well as
lubricating oils distillates with a low specific gravity.
24.
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VI. GUML SMA c ICLUS1QNs.
Sums ising, it should be mentioned, that no new dis-
ooveries of say general importance were made in the explora-
tion areas of The Grusaeft during the last five years (1946 -
1950). Crude production developed with an extreme slowness
in the exploited oil fields of Georgia, which coriprizei -
1. llirs ani, and 2. QiZai, situated in Kehetia; ; .
Martkobi, located at a distance of 24 kilometers of Tbilisi,
the capital of Georgia; and 4. Subsa-1Dareti, lying in the
province of Guria, in about 50 kilna!eters of the port of Batu-
mi. The total annual crude production of these four small
fields is now of an order of 12n,nnP tons, whereas the further
development of the above oil fields is much delayed, due to
poor average per well yields (between 1 and 5 tons per day)
and a number of local technical difficulties, such as, for
instance, extremely oomylioated tectonic structure of the most
part of geological regions of Georgia.
Thus, the role of the oil industry of Georgian repub-
lio still reaainsI4 %A satisfaction of local demand for pet-
roleum products, while earlier hopes regarding a rapid increa-
as of The Grusneft crude production were not, so far,justified
by the actual producing possibilities of its fields.
Although, Georgia is mainly an agricultural country
(tea, orange, lemon, tobacco plantations, vineyards, and
wheat), considerable efforts are being trade by the Soviets in
order to industrialise this territory. A new steel production
centre is being created at Ruetavi; coal mining is being deve-
loped at Tkveeaheli and Tkvibuli, whereas production of manga-
nese ore continuo to increase at Chiaturi. Mechaniwal plants
and automobile works have been built in Tbilisi and Kuteisi,
and a number of hydroelectric power plants have been erected
On ,Bien, Bran, Kura and other rivers.
As regards the immediate prospects of petroleum industry,
unless some new discoveries are made, these seem to be rather
unfavourable. With the proven and semi-proven reserves avai-
lable in exploited fields of The Grusneft, their production
will gradually increase, bait to a limited extent. In a gene-
ral way,, the oil fields of Georgia present now purely a local
interest,and the experienoe~ef the last ten years provei,that
one cannot expect a rapid development of crude production in
this part of the II.8.8.R..
40
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